By: Arturo Acuña, Pablo

Forms of music recording Amorocho, David García,

Andrés García
 GRAMOPHONE
Invented by Alexander Graham Bell, based on
Thomas Edison's phonograph.

It uses the technology developed for the vynil

disc, counting with a stylus that, by vibrating a
diaphragm, reproduces the sounds captured in
the grooves.

The diaphragm, capturing the vibrations,

produces sound, wich is amplified by the cone.
 Vinyl

That record groove and there is just one that spirals gently to the centre of
the disc is tiny, usually around 0.04-0.08mm wide (depending on the level
of the signal).

The two sides of the groove sit at right-angles to each other with the point
of that angle facing down. Each side of the groove carries what can only be
described as wiggles that represent the right- and left-channel audio
information.

The side closest to the outside edge of the record carries the right-channel
signal.

This information can be stored in an area as small as a micron (one-

thousandth of a millimetre), so the scale of the task to retrieve it is
immense.
the job of the cartridge to track the groove. More
specifically, it is the job of the stylus tip to do it.

This diamond tip is usually shaped into a small point –

though there are a variety of shapes the tip can take –
that sits in the record groove and follows the wiggles as
the record turns.

The nature and degree of the stylus’ movement is what

translates into the varying frequencies and volume that
you hear through the speakers.

This movement is carried through the cantilever – the

shaft the stylus tip is attached to – and into the
cartridge body.

Two types of cartridge: moving Magnet & moving Coil

in one the magnet moves to induce current while in the

other the coil does so and the magnet is fixed.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwYcnLDApsQ
What is a cassette?
• It is a compact case used to
record and play back audio.
• Made of plastic or lightweight
metal that holds magnetic
tape for audio or video recording
and replay.
• Is designed so that it can be
inserted in a recorder and used
immediately.
History of cassette
• Created in 1963 by Phillips Enterprise.
• Got popular in 80's
• At the beginning, it replaced the tape
recorder.
• The first ones were fabriqued in
Hannover, Germany.
• Around the 70's, Maxell was going to
accelerate and massify this
product with the virigin ribbon launch.
• The brands that controlled the mundial
market of casettes at the end fo this
decade were mainly Maxwell and TDK.
Video
https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=DpEjQdoZ-vM
walkman
• Produced by Sony over the year 1981
• The first Walkman model was the TPS-L2
• The Walkman does not record and would not have built-
in a speaker but it had a headphone jack.
• At the beginning the audio it self was storage at a compact
cassette and you could storage 60 minutes of audio over each
cassette. Over the year 1984 it was added an FM/AM
synchronizer and it would accept carbon dioxide tapes with a
system of reducing the Dolby B sounds and with 5 equalizer
bands.
• The Walkman continued evolving and so it changed the
cassette to a compact disc which had more storage, there are
also posterior models of the Walkman which count as a
source the DAT with Minidisc and the most modern ones
had cards and memories flash integrated.
 Magnetic Tape

As the tape rubs against the recording

head, it applies a magnetic field which
is proportional to the input signal. This
signal orients the magnetic particles in
a specific format which acts as
indicators to the pattern of signal
stored. When the playback head rubs
against the tape, the signal is
reproduced since now the particles
induce similar magnetic patterns in the
head.
 Magnetic tape

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4In5DcV8xQk
 CD’s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwYcnLDApsQ
MP3

• It stands for MPEG Audio Layer III and is a digital audio

compression format.
• MP3 is part of MPEG,
an acronym for Motion Pictures Expert Group.
• This format was developed mainly by Karlheinz
Brandenburg, director of electronic media
technologies at the Fraunhofer Institute IIS.
• It is a common audio format used for music on both
computers and portable audio players.
• The MPEG Audio Layer 3 (MP3), allows us to compress
sound dat into smaller spaces.
DAT
• Digital Audio Tape (DAT or R-DAT) is a signal
recording and playback medium developed
by Sony and introduced in 1987.
• the DAT uses a magnetic tape enclosed in a
protective shell.
• The recording of the dat is digital and the
qualities of that recording are can reach
higher, equal or lower rates that the CD.
• The DAT recording could reach until 16
beats quantization.
• When coping an audio the DAT copies an
exact clone of the original audio.
Alesis Digital Audio
Tape
• It was first released on the early 1990's.
• It uses a optic fiber digital communication,
known as Lightpipe, to transfer digital sound
into the tape. This supposed a big revolution,
for sound could now be created through
devices and not just through physical
bands and instruments.
• The tape uses a similiar design of the VCRs,
only having the difference that ADAT could
only registred audio information.
QUESTIONS:
Name three elements that are present in vinyl recording.

What is a magnetic tape and how does it work?

Name two digital and two analog forms of music recording.

References
• 50 years of the cassette. (2013). Retrieved from https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/11/tech/gallery/cassette-tape-
history/index.html
• Warren, N. (2017). What is a cassette tape?. Retrieved from https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-cassette-tape
• Cassette. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/technology/cassette
• Sanchez ,A. (2018). ThoughtCo. Retrieved 20 November 2018, from https://www.thoughtco.com/all-about-dat-1817874
• "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 23 March2011.
• G. Mancini (March 2004). "The Decca Digital Audio Recording System". Archived from the original on 26 October 2007.
Retrieved 25 October 2007.
• Holt, J. Gordon; Gold, Alvin (1987). "Copycode: Diminishing DAT". Stereophile. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
• Goldberg, Michael (21 September 1989). "Labels Back Down on DAT". Rolling Stone(561): 26.
• Knopper, Steve (2009). Appetite for Self-Destruction. Simon and Schuster: Free Press. pp. 78–9.
• "Back in the Days of '88". Spin. 4 (9): 71. December 1988. Retrieved 29 April 2011. "DAT and Copycode (Q Magazine
article c.1988) – Factory Records". Cerysmaticfactory.info.
• "Can you Rip DAT audio? (Ask Slashdot forum thread)". Slashdot. 1 October 1999. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
References
•Bharadia, K. (2018). How does a vinyl record make a sound?. Retrieved
from https://www.whathifi.com/features/how-does-vinyl-record-make-sound
•How Does A Magnetic Tape Recorder Work?. (2018).
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4In5DcV8xQk
•How CD's Work. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwYcnLDApsQ
• Gupta, J.B. (2007) Electronic Measurements & Control. 5th edn. Delhi: S.K. Kataria & Sons Publishers
•References
•David, I. (2018). How do gramophones work?. Retrieved from https://www.techwalla.com/articles/how-do-
gramophones-work
•Woodfort, C. (2018). How record players and gramophones work. Retrieved
from https://www.explainthatstuff.com/record-players.html