Turbine Alarm, Inter-Lock & Protections (1- 6)

Ashek Ullah

HORN / SIGNAL -:
Simply may define it as an awareness notice in the processing plant. Whenever equipment changes its due
course because of malfunctioning, naturally a negative or positive impact is observed in the system and turns to
an abnormal condition. To safeguard the system from turning to any hazardous condition, awareness alarm is
provided to correct the system error by the well trained authorized person / operator/.

INTER-LOCKS- :
An interlock is a feature that makes the state of two mechanisms or functions mutually dependent. It may be
used to prevent undesired states in a finite-state machine, and may consist of any electrical, electronic, or
mechanical devices or systems. In most applications, an interlock is used to help prevent a machine from
harming its operator or damaging itself by preventing one element from changing state due to the state of
another element, and vice versa.

TRAPPED KEY INTER-LOCKING:-

Trapped key interlocking is a method of ensuring safety in industrial environments by forcing the operator
through a predetermined sequence using a defined selection of keys, locks and switches.
PROTECTIONS:-

The turbine is equipped with a numbers of devices that protect it against a break – down, if the maximum
permissible values of some operation parameters are exceeded and operation is in the danger zone.
These devices trip the turbine to still stand, with the exception of those protections that only reduce the turbine
output, such as failures of some equipment in boiler house and failure of some auxiliary equipment.
Protections of yet another type disconnect the generator from the network and make it possible to operate the
turbine at the level of internal consumption or only at operation speed.
The protections that disconnect the generator from the network are related to switch boards, switchyards,
transformers to relay of magnets of turbine and to relay of non-return and control flaps and accelerator, if they
trip the turbine. If these protections trip the generator only, parallel signal are transmitted to the electric
accelerator of the turbine. All these protections are described in special sections.
Basically turbine protections classified in two groups.
(i) Mechanical protection
(ii) Electric Protection

i. PROTECTIONS WITH MECHANICAL ACTION

a. safety governors, that are described in the section on regulation:

• Two safety governors are located in the extension of rotor and they are put into operation by increased
centrifugal force if the maximum permissible operation speed is exceeded. In such a case, the
governors are extended from the rotor profile and they act mechanically upon the levers of the main
relay that act mechanically upon the levers of the main relay those trips the turbine. The turbine is
tripped if the operation speed reaches the level of 3270 to 3330 RPM.
b. Disengagement lever on the front bearing of the turbine – 7a.
• By this lever, the operation personal can manually trip the turbine if there is increased danger of
breakdown of the equipment and if such a break – down cannot be prevented even if the danger values
have not yet been exceeded.
ii. PROTECTIONS THAT ACT ELECRICALLY

These protections trip the turbine by electric signal from the protection box to magnets of relay, which are
located on the right side of the front bearing stand. They included:-
a. Temperatures of bearings and generator, which give alarm signal at temperature 87 % and trip the
0
equipment at exceeding the temperature of 92 C. Designation of sensors is given in table.
0
b. Temperature of the axial bearing gives alarm signal at temperature of 70 C and they trip the equipment
0
if temperature of 75 C is exceeded.
c. Differences of temperatures of casings, measured on the lower and upper parts of the HP casing, give
0 0
alarm signal at 45 C and trip the equipment if temperature of 50 C is exceeded.

1
d. Vibrations of bearing stands
st nd
The alarm 1 level occurs when the vibration in dropped amplitude exceed 40 µm. The 2 level is at the
vibration level 60 µm and is announced as the alarm – stage >HH. The tripping of the turbine is made by
the operator after evaluating the actual turbine condition.
e. Relative vibrations of rotors / eccentricity/ signaling and tripping must be adjusted individually for each
turbine, after the determination of the ‘typical value’ of rotor vibrations. The adjustment is made
according to the instructions included in the section on relative vibrations of rotor.
f. Relative extension of the rotors is also adjusted individually for each turbine after the axial clearance in
gland blades has been measured. .
g. Axial movement of rotor
The alarm is given for the shaft axial displacement in thrust bearing of + 0.4 mm. – 0.6 mm. The tripping
of the turbine is executed when the limits + 0.6 mm or – 0.9 mm have been exceeded. The changes are
understood relative to the zero position that means the shaft collar supported on the active side of thrust
bearing.
h. Increase of pressure of primary oil, which is equivalent to increase of turbine speed. This is a second
protection for overspeed. Signal is transmitted after closing of manostat in the manostat box. The
pressure of primary oil, to which the manostat is adjusted, is 2, 93 bar, which corresponds to about 3360
RPM.
i. Loss of pressure of distribution oil :
Alarm signal is transmitted if the oil pressure drops to 7.bar. Manostat in manostat box is closed. At a
drop to 60 bar the second manostat trips the turbine.
j. Oil pressure in lubrication system
If the oil pressure drops to a value below 1. 0 bar, the manostat switches on the alarm signaling. At a
drop of pressure below 0,8 bar, two other manostats trip the turbine.
k. Oil pressure in suction of the main pump.
If the oil pressure in suction of the main pump drops by 0,1 bar, a manostat switches on alarm signaling.
The turbine is not tripped, because this protection is provided for the drop of pressure of distribution oil.
l. Steam pressure at condenser inlet.
If the steam pressure at condenser inlet increases above 0, 25 bar. Abs, manostat for alarm signal is
closed. If the pressure further increases above 0,5 bar abs, the second manostat trips the turbine.
nd
m. Steam pressure in 2 / regulated/ extraction.
nd
If the steam pressure in 2 extraction increases to 5.0 bar abs, manostat for alarm signal is closed. In
case of further increases to 7 bar abs., the other manostats trip the turbine.
n. Hearing of flanges
If the steam pressure in the space of flanges exceeds the value of 6.0 bar abs, the manostat closes and
gives alarm signal.
o. Level in oil tank
Maximum level before the screens and minimum level after the screens are monitored. The level
sensors with contacts close if the set values are exceeds. The values are given in the description of the
tank. The signal serves the alarm signaling.
p. Steam temperature at turbine inlet
Alarm is signaled if the temperature of admission steam increased to 497 0C. In case of further increase
0
to 509 C , and if the time for which this increases lasts is more than 15 minutes, a signal trips the
turbine.

2
Inter Lock, Alarm and Protections

Turbine & Generator

SC60 L02 Turbine main oil tank level H = 1590 mm

SC60 L03 Turbine main oil tank level L = 950 mm
SC78 L01 Turbine drain oil tank S = 580 mm
SC78 L02 Turbine drain oil tank S = 140 mm
SC78 L03 Turbine drain oil tank HH = 650 mm
Sd01 L 02 Turbine Condenser level LL = 475 mm Z = 475 mm
Sd01 L 03 Turbine Condenser level H = 950 mm
L = 700 mm
SG60 L01 Gland steam condenser level HH = 425 mm S = 425 mm
RM33 L02 Cold cond. storage tank level H = 13 , 5 m. S = 10 m
L = 10 , 0 m. Z = 1 , 0 m.

RH21 P02 Turbine extraction press. NO. 2 H = 4 , 0 bar

HH = 6 , 0
RH21 P03 Turbine extraction press. NO. 2 Z = 6 , 0 bar
bar
HH = 6 , 0
RH21 P04 Turbine extraction press. NO. 2 Z = 6 , 0 bar
bar

RM11 P01 Turbine cond. Pump- 1 suction filter ∆P H = 0 , 1 bar

RM12 P01 Turbine cond. Pump- 2 suction filter ∆P H = 0 , 1 bar
SA15 P01 Flange heating steam before orifice S =12 , 25 bar
SA15 P02 Flange heating steam after orifice S =12 , 25 bar
SA16 P01 Flange heating steam before orifice H = 4 , 0 bar S = 4 , 0 bar
SC00 P02 Turbine distribution oil, main oil pump L = 6 , 0 bar Z = 6 , 0 bar
SC00 P03 Turbine distribution oil, discharge line L = 7 , 0 bar
SC05 P01 Turbine distribution oil, pump suction L = 0 , 1 bar
SC23 P01 Turbine lube oil press. L = 1 , 0 bar
SC23 P02 Turbines lube oil press. LL = 0 , 8 bar S = 0 ,8 bar
SC23 P03 Turbines lube oil press. LL = 0 , 8 bar Z = 0 , 8 bar
SC43 P02 Turbine Jacking oil press. S = 80,0 bar
SC48 P01 Turning gear lube oil press. S = 0 , 8 bar
SC52 P01 Turbine jacking oil press. S = 85 , 0 bar
SD01P02 T. condensate steam press. abs H = 0 , 25 bar
SD01P05 T. condensate steam press. abs Z = 0 , 5 bar

RM30 Q01 Turbine Condensate conductivity H = 0,5 µs / cm

o o
RA02 T02 Live steam temp.before turbine HH= 509 C Z = 509 C
o
RH30 T02 Turbine Extraction NO. 3 to FW tank H = 300 C

SA01 T06 Turbine HP casing front ∆ T H = ± 45 o C

HH = ± 70 o C Z = ± 70 o C
SA1 T09 Turbine HP casing rear ∆T H = ± 45 o C
HH = ± 70 o C Z = ± 70 o C

3
 o
SA02 T01 LP exhausted steam temp. Front H = 80 C
o
SA02 T02 LP exhausted steam temp. Rear H = 80 C
o
SA1 T12 HP flange to body ∆T S = 10 C
o
SB11 T01 HP front journal bear. Metal temp. H = 87 C
o o
SB11 T02 HP front journal bear. Metal temp. H.H= 92 C Z = 92 C
o
SB12 T01 HP rear journal bear. Metal temp. H = 87 C
o o
SB12 T02 HP rear journal bear. Metal temp. H.H= 92 C Z = 92 C
o
SB21 T01 LP front journal bear. Metal temp. H = 87 C
o o
SB21 T02 LP front journal bear. Metal temp. H.H= 92 C Z = 92 C
o
SB12 T01 LP rear journal bear. Metal temp. H = 87 C
o o
SB12 T02 LP rear journal bear. Metal temp. H.H= 92 C Z = 92 C
o
SC23 T02 Turbine Lube oil after Cooler H = 45 C
o
L = 37 C
o o
SC61 T01 Oil drain from front thrust bearing H = 70 C HH= 75 C
o o
SC61 T01 Oil drain from rear thrust bearing H = 70 C HH= 75 C

o
SC66 T01 Oil drain from generator rear bearing H = 70 C
o
SC65 T01 Oil drain from generator front bear H = 70 C
o
SG44 T01 Gland steam temp. H = 120 C
o
SP01 T01 Generator stator winding temp. H = 100 C
o
SP01 T02 Generator stator winding temp. H = 100 C
o
SP01 T03 Generator stator winding temp. H = 100 C
o
SP01 T04 Generator stator winding temp. H = 100 C
o
SP01 T05 Generator stator winding temp. H = 100 C
SP01 T06 Generator stator winding temp. H = 100 o C
o
SP01 T07 Generator stator winding temp. H = 100 C
o
SP01 T08 Generator stator winding temp. H = 100 C
o
SP01 T09 Generator stator winding temp. H = 100 C
o
SP01 T10 Generator stator winding temp. H = 100 C
o
SP01 T11 Generator stator winding temp. H = 100 C
o
SP01 T12 Generator stator winding temp. H = 100 C
o
SP01 T13 Generator stator iron temp. H = 100 C

o
SP01 T14 Generator stator iron temp. H = 100 C
o
SP01 T15 Generator stator iron temp. H = 100 C
o
SP01 T16 Generator stator iron temp. H = 100 C
o
SP01 T18 Generator rotor winding temp. H = 100 C
o
AT01 T Main transformer winding temp. H = 100 C
o
BT01 T Auxiliary transformer temp. H = 100 C
o
SP02 T01 Cooling air outlet front part temp. H = 70 C
o
SP02 T02 Cooling air outlet rear part temp. H = 70 C
o
SP12 T01 Cooling air suction front temp H = 70 C
o
SP12 T02 Cooling air suction rear temp H = 70 C
o
SQ11 T01 Generator front journal bear temp. H = 87 C
o o
HH = 92 C Z = 92 C
o
SQ11 T02 Generator rear journal bear temp. H = 87 C
o o
HH = 92 C Z = 92 C

4
1S11Y02 Turbine -1, axial displacement H = 0,4 mm HH = 0 , 6 mm
H = -0,6 mm HH= - 0,9 mm
2S11Y02 Turbine -2, axial displacement H = 0,4 mm HH = 0 , 6 mm
H = -0,6 mm HH= - 0,9 mm
3S11Y02 Turbine -3, axial displacement H = 0,4 mm HH = 0 , 6 mm
H = -0,6 mm HH= - 0,9 mm
4S11Y02 Turbine -4, axial displacement H = 0,4 mm HH = 0 , 6 mm
H = -0,6 mm HH= - 0,9 mm
5S11Y02 Turbine -5, axial displacement H = 0,4 mm HH = 0 , 6 mm
H = -0,6 mm HH= - 0,9 mm
6S11Y02 Turbine -6, axial displacement H = 0,6 mm HH = 0 , 8 mm
H = -0,6 mm HH= - 0,8 mm

1SA11 Y03 HP.Turbine - 1, diff. expansion H = 4 , 2 mm HH = 4 , 7 mm

H = - 2 , 0 mm HH = - 2 , 5mm
1SA21 Y01 LP. Turbine -1 , diff. expansion H = 5 , 1 mm HH = 5 ,1 mm
H = - 2 , 8 mm HH = - 3 ,8mm
2SA11 Y03 HP.Turbine - 2, diff. expansion H = 3 , 0 mm HH = 4 ,0 mm
H = - 2 ,4 mm HH = - 2 ,9mm
2SA21 Y01 LP. Turbine -2 , diff. expansion H = 5 , 5 mm HH = 7 ,0 mm
H = - 2 , 8 mm HH = -3 ,8mm
3SA11 Y03 HP.Turbine - 3, diff. expansion H = 3, 0 mm HH = 4 , 0 mm
H = - 2 , 0 mm HH = - 2, 5mm
3SA21 Y01 LP . Turbine -3 , diff. expansion H = 4 , 9 mm HH = 6 ,4 mm
H = - 2 , 0 mm HH = - 3,0 mm
4SA11 Y03 HP.Turbine - 4, diff. expansion H = 3 , 0 mm HH = 3 , 5 mm
H = - 1 , 8 mm HH = - 2,3 mm
4SA21 Y01 LP. Turbine -4 , diff. expansion H = 5 , 0 mm HH = 6 ,0 mm
H = - 1 , 3 mm HH = - 2 ,3mm
5SA11 Y03 HP.Turbine -5, diff. expansion H = 3 , 4 mm HH = 4 , 4 mm
H = - 1 , 7 mm HH = - 2,2mm
5SA21 Y01 LP. Turbine -5 , diff. expansion H = 5 , 7 mm HH = 6 ,7 mm
H = - 1 , 8 mm HH = - 2 ,3mm
6SA11 Y03 HP.Turbine - 6, diff. expansion H = 4 , 2 mm HH = 4 , 7 mm
H = - 2 , 0 mm HH = - 2,5mm
6SA21 Y01 LP. Turbine -6 , diff. expansion H = 4 , 5 mm HH = 5 ,5 mm
H = - 2 , 6 mm HH = - 3 ,6mm

SB11 V01 HP turbine front bearing vibration H = 40 µm

[ unit 1 - 6 ] 1SB11V01, 2SB11V01, 3SB11V01. HH = 80 µm
4SA11V01,5SA11V01 & 6SA11V01
SB12 V01 HP turbine rear bearing vibration H = 40 µm
[ unit 1 - 6 ] 1SA12V01, 2SA12V01, 3SA12V01. HH = 80 µm
4SB12V01,5SB12V01 & 6SB12V01
SB21 V01 LP turbine front bearing vibration
1SB21V01,2SB21V01,3SB21V01, H = 40 µm
4SB21V01,5SB21V01 & 6SB21V01 HH = 80 µm
SB22 V01 LP turbine Rear bearing vibration
[ Unit 1 - 6 ] 1SB22V01,2SB22V01,3SB22V01, H = 40 µm
4SB22V01,5SB22V01 & 6SB22V01 HH = 80 µm
SQ11 V01 Generator front bearing vibration
[ Unit 1 - 6 ] 1SQ11V01, 2SQ11V1, 3SQ11V1, H = 40 µm
4SQ11V1,5SQ11V1 & 6SQ11V1 HH = 80 µm

5
SQ12 V01 Generator Rear bearing vibration
[ Unit 1 - 6 ] 1SQ12V01, 2SQ12V1, 3SQ12V1, H = 40 µm
4SQ12V1,5SQ12V1 & 6SQ12V1 HH = 80 µm

SB12 Y02 HP turbine eccentricity H = 50 µm

[unit 1-6 ] HH =250 µm

SB22 V02 LP turbine eccentricity H = 50 µm

[unit 1-6 ] HH =250 µm

Safety valve 8 , 0 bar

f. LP heater NO. 01
i. water side safety valve 13 , 5 bar
ii. Steam side safety valve
g. LP heater NO. 2
i. water side safety valve 13 , 5 bar
ii. Steam side safety valve

h. Steam ejector condenser left & right 16 , 0 bar

i. Sealing water
i. Safety valve
ii. Release valve

C.W. PUMPS

VC01FO1 Lube water for CW P/P NO. 1 S = 21 l / min

VC02FO1 Lube water for CW P/P NO. 2 S = 21 l / min
VC03FO1 Lube water for CW P/P NO. 3 S = 21 l / min
VC04FO1 Lube water for CW P/P NO. 4 S = 21 l / min
VC05FO1 Lube water for CW P/P NO. 5 S = 21 l / min
VC06FO1 Lube water for CW P/P NO. 6 S = 21 l / min
OVC12FO1 Lube water for CW P/P NO. 12 S = 21 l / min
OVC34FO1 Lube water for CW P/P NO. 34 S = 21 l / min
OVC56FO1 Lube water for CW P/P NO. 56 S = 21 l / min
o o
VC01 T01 CW pump bearing oil temp. H = 65 C H = 85 C
& VC02,03,04,05,06,OVC12,34,56
o
VC01 T02 CW pump motor winding temp. H = 125 C
& VC02,03,04,05,06,OVC12,34,56
o
VC01 T03 CW pump motor winding temp. H = 125 C
& VC02,03,04,05,06,OVC12,34,56
o
VC01 T04 CW pump motor winding temp. H = 125 C
VC02,03,04,05,06,OVC12,34,56
VC01 L01 CW P/P chamber water level L = 450 mm S = 510 mm
VC02 L01 CW P/P chamber water level L = 450 mm S = 510 mm
VC03 L01 CW P/P chamber water level L = 450 mm S = 510 mm
VC04 L01 CW P/P chamber water level L = 450 mm S = 510 mm
VC05 L01 CW P/P chamber water level L = 450 mm S = 510 mm
VC06 L01 CW P/P chamber water level L = 450 mm S = 510 mm
OVC12 L01 CW P/P chamber water level L = 450 mm S = 510 mm
OVC34 L02 CW P/P chamber water level L = 450 mm S = 510 mm
OVC56L03 CW P/P chamber water level L = 450 mm S = 510 mm

6
SERVICE WATER SYSTEM

OVF20P01 Service water sys. Press. L = 3 , 2 bar

OVF20P02 Service water sys. Press. S= 2 , 7 bar
OVF40P01 Service water sys. Press. L = 3 , 2 bar
OVF40P02 Service water sys. Press. S= 2 , 7 bar
OVF60P01 Service water sys. Press. L = 3 , 2 bar
OVF60P02 Service water sys. Press. S= 2 , 7 bar
VF10 L01 Service water Basin unit (1 - 2 ) H = 1700 mm
L = 1100 mm Z = 900 mm
VF17 L01 Service water elevated tank L L = 2900 mm
VF30 L01 Service water Basin unit (1 - 2 ) H = 1700 mm
L = 1100 mm Z = 900 mm
VF37 L01 Service water elevated tank L L = 2900 mm
VF50 L01 Service water Basin unit (1 - 2 ) H = 1700 mm
L = 1100 mm Z = 900 mm
VF57 L01 Service water elevated tank L L = 2900 mm
OVF20P01 Service water sys. Press. L = 3 , 2 bar
OVF20P02 Service water sys. Press. S= 2 , 7 bar
OVF40P01 Service water sys. Press. L = 3 , 2 bar
OVF40P02 Service water sys. Press. S= 2 , 7 bar
OVF60P01 Service water sys. Press. L = 3 , 2 bar
OVF60P02 Service water sys. Press. S= 2 , 7 bar