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THE SUPERSYMMETRY APPROACHES FOR THE PSEUDO HARMONIC

OSCILLATOR POTENTIAL

Conference Paper · May 2010

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J. Sadeghi Mohammad Rostami

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3rd International Conference on Science & Technology: Applications in Industry & Education
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA

THE SUPERSYMMETRY APPROACHES FOR THE PSEUDO

HARMONIC OSCILLATOR POTENTIAL

J. Sadeghi1 and M. Rostami2

Physics Department, Islamic Azad University – Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Mazandaran, Iran
Email: 1pouriya@ipm.ir , 2m.rostami@iauamol.ac.ir

Abstract. In this paper, we study the Schrödinger equation with the pseudo harmonic oscillator potential, which is
not spherically symmetric. We connect the corresponding Schrödinger equation to the Laguerre polynomial. In that
case we have some raising and lowering operators which are form of first order equations. We show that these first
order equations will be as the super symmetry algebra. And also we obtain the corresponding partner Hamiltonian
for Pseudo harmonic oscillator potential and investigate the commutation relation for the generators of algebra.

Keywords: Pseudo harmonic oscillator; Schrödinger equation; Supersymmetry approaches; Raising and Lowering
Operators.

Introduction
One of the important tasks of quantum mechanics is to find exact solutions of the Schrödinger equation for
certain potentials of physical interest. It is well known that exact solutions of this equation are only possible for
certain potentials such as the Coulomb and Harmonic oscillator potential. In recent years, considerable efforts
have been made to obtain the exact solution of the ring-shaped potentials [1]. In particular, the Columbic ring-
shaped potential [2] revived in quantum chemistry by Hartmann [3] and the oscillatory ring-shaped potential,
systematically studied by Queens [4].
There are different methods used to obtain the exact solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the pseudo
harmonic oscillator potential. In the other hand super symmetry in quantum mechanics is based on the concept
of factorization in the context of shape invariant quantum mechanical problems [9-13]. If a quantum mechanical
problem possesses super symmetry, we can then factorize the Hamiltonian of the system in terms of a product of
first order differential operators leading to shape invariant equations. In this approach, the Hamiltonian is
decomposed once in terms of the product of raising and lowering operators and once again as the product of
lowering and raising operators, in such a way that the corresponding quantum of successive levels, are their
eigen-states. These Hamiltonians are called super symmetric partner of each other. In fact, the three separate
topics, the factorization method, super symmetry in quantum mechanics and shape invariance, nowadays have
converged to each other. All these give us motivation to study super symmetry approaches for the pseudo
harmonic oscillator potential.

Separating variables of the Schrödinger equation

Now we are going to consider the corresponding potential in spherical coordinates. In order to separate the
radial and angular part we consider the following expression,
Next step we try to solve the equations (3) and (4), so the radial part is [6] :

h 2 d 2 u (r )
− + V eff (r )u (r ) = Eu (r ) (2)
2 μ dr 2
where u(r)=rR(r), and,
λ
Veff (r ) = V (r ) − (3)
r2
is the effective potential. Considering the potential in the Eq.(8) as being given by
  
 
3rd International Conference on Science & Technology: Applications in Industry & Education
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA

V (r ) =
1
8
(
k r 2 − 2r0 2 ) (4)

which corresponds to the Pseudo harmonic oscillator potential, where k, is positive constant, substituting Eq. (4)
into (3) and using the fact that λ = −h 2 l (l + 1) , we obtain the following solution,
d 2 R(r ) 2 dR(r ) ⎡ 2 p⎤
+ − ⎢ Fr − H + 2 ⎥ R(r ) = 0 (5)
dr 2 r dr ⎣ r ⎦

Where
2μ ⎛ 1 2 ⎞
H= ⎜ kr0 + E ⎟ (6)
h ⎝
2
8 ⎠
2μ ⎛ 1 2 ⎞
P= ⎜ kr0 − λ ⎟
h2 ⎝ 8 ⎠
μ
k F=
4h 2
Therefore, we will try to solve equation(5) by following section.

The solutions of the radial equation with factorization method

In order to solve equation(5) we consider the following variables,

R(r) = G(r)L(r), (7)
By substituting equation (7) into equation(5). we have
⎡ G ′(r ) ⎤ ⎡ G ′(r ) G ′′(r ) ⎤
rL′′(r ) + ⎢2r + 2⎥ L′(r ) + ⎢ Hr − Fr 3 − + 2 L(r ) = 0
p
+r
⎣ G (r ) G (r ) G (r ) ⎥⎦
(
⎦ ⎣ r
8)

The equation (8) is similar the following associated laguerre Differential equation [14-16],
[( )
rL ′′(r ) + (1 + α − βr )L ′(r ) + n − m β − m α + m 1 L(r ) = 0
2 2 2 r
( ) ] (9)
By comparing equation (8) and equation (9) we have,
α −1 − βr
G (r ) = r 2 e 2 (10)
α −1
−β r
⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎛
⎜α ,β ⎞⎟⎠ ⎝ ⎠
R(r ) = L ⎝
(r )r 2 e 2
n,m
and
1 h2 β 2
E = − kr02 − , (11)
8 2μ 4
Ladder operators
By using the factorization method we construct the creation and annihilation operators. In order to obtain A±
operators, we use following equation,

A± Φ n (x ) = a± Φ n±1 (x ) (12)
and,
A± = ±α (x ) ± β (x )
d
dx
(13)
  
 
3rd International Conference on Science & Technology: Applications in Industry & Education
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA

We use the Ref [21], the equation (13) will be as,

A− (n, m; r ) = − r + (2n − m ),
d 1
(14)
dr 2
and,

A+ (n, m; r ) = r
d 1
− βr + k (15)
dr 2

The Super symmetry approaches for the Pseudo Harmonic Oscillator Potential

In order to discuss the super symmetry for this model. We have to consider the ground state wave function.
By using the Hamiltonian and ground state wave function. We can obtain V1 (r ) as,
h2 d 2
H1Φ 0 (x ) = − Φ 0 (x ) + V1 (r )Φ 0 (x ) = 0 (16)
2m dr 2
h 2 d 2 Φ ′0′ (x )
V1 (r ) = (17)
2m dr 2 Φ 0 (x )

Now, we factorize the corresponding Hamiltonian in terms of first order equation, which are called A , A +
H1 = A+ A (18)
Where Hamiltonian H 1
⎡
d2 ⎛ 1 ⎞⎤ d 1
+ ⎢ βr − ⎜1 + k ⎟⎥ r − (2n − m )βr + k (2n − m )
1
H1 = −r 2 (19)
dr ⎣
2
⎝ 2 ⎠⎦ dr 2 4
and this lead us to have a following equation,

h
V1 (r ) = W12 (r ) − W1′(r ) (20)
2m
This equation is known as Riccit equation, where Wr is super potential, so we obtain,

W1 (r ) = − β r +
1
k
2 (21)
Finally the corresponding potential V1 (r ) is,
h
V1 (r ) = β 2 r 2 − βkr + k 2 +
1
β (22)
4 2m
Now, we are going to obtain the Hamiltonian H 2 , as H 2 = AA + , which is partner H1 , so we have,
d2 ⎡ 1 ⎤ d ⎡ 1 ⎤
− ⎢1 − (2n − m )⎥ r + ⎢1 − (2n − m )⎥ βr + k (2n − m )
1
H 2 = −r 2 (23)
dr 2
⎣ 2 ⎦ dr ⎣ 2 ⎦ 4
Where,
h
V2 (x ) = W22 (x ) + W2′ (x ) (24)
2m
and,

W 2 (r ) = − βr +
1
k (25)
2
Finally the corresponding potential V2 (r ) is,
h
V 2 (r ) = β 2 r 2 − βkr +
1 2
k − β (40)
4 2m
  
 
3rd International Conference on Science & Technology: Applications in Industry & Education
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA

The potential V1 (r ) and V2 (r ) are super symmetry partner to each other, on the other hand, we have the matrix
super symmetry for The Hamiltonian H 1 and H 2 ,
⎡H 0 ⎤
H =⎢ 1 , (26)
⎣ 0 H 2 ⎥⎦
we note here the H 1 and H 2 can make closed algebra and they relate to Bosonic and fermionic operators,

⎡ 0 0⎤ ⎡ 0 0⎤
Q=⎢ − =⎢ ⎥
⎣ An ⎥
0⎦ ⎢ − r
d 1
+ (2 n − m ) 0⎥
(27)
⎣ dr 2 ⎦
and

⎡ ⎡ d 1 ⎤
Q + = ⎢0 An+ ⎤ = ⎢0 r − βr + k ⎥
(28)
⎣0 0 ⎥⎦ ⎢0 dr 2
⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦
Here, we have the following commutation relation,
[H , Q] = [H , Q + ] = 0
(29)

{Q, Q }= H , {Q, Q }= {Q
+ +
}
,Q+ = 0

and,
[H , Q] = ⎡⎢ H
0
−
0⎤ = 0
0⎥⎦
(30)
⎣ 2 A AH 2

The shape invariance condition H 2 A = AH 2 , and relation [H , Q ] = 0 lead us to have a β as a following,

2n + 2α − 2m + 5
β= (31)
2r
[ ]
The relation H 2 A + = A + H 2 , and relation H , Q + = 0 lead us to obtain the following relation,
2n = m (32)
and
2n − m = 4 (33)

Conclusion

In this paper we introduced the pseudo harmonic oscillator potential and wrote the corresponding Schrödinger
equation. We connected this equation with Lagure equation and obtained the energy spectrum and
wavefunction. Also we factorized the corresponding equation in terms of first order equations. We used these
first order equations and discussed the generators algebra. Finally the partner for the pseudo harmonic oscillator
potential by the supersymmetry approches.

References

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[12] A. A. Bogush, V. S. Otchik and V. M. Red’kov; Vestnik AN BSSR, 3, 56 (1983) (in Russian).
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[19] J. Sadeghi, IJTP. DOI: 10. 1007/s10773-006-9105-4 (2006).
[20] J. Sadeghi.M.Rostami, IJTP. DOI: 10. 1007/s10773-009-0012-3 (2009).

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