Bus - Research 1 5 Ipapass Kay Mam

VIRGEN MILAGROSA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Martin P. Posadas Avenue, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, 2420, Philippines

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
AND ACCOUNTANCY
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPHS
The local government has a big role to play in the development of a certain
country. This is because it is considered as the basic governing entity. They are
the direct line the national government has to the people and it is through them
that the common person can address their needs and know that they are part of
the government. The local governments are the direct line to the people, the
National Government has bestowed upon them great powers and responsibilities
so that they can effectively and efficiently do their jobs to help the people.
In the Philippines, however, this is not clearly seen in every part of the
country. There are only few places where the powers granted to the LGUs are
helping the people. One of those places is the National Capital Region (NCR).
There is no doubt that this region is the most developed region in the whole
country. It is in this region that majority of the country’s wealth is situated in the
form of investments, infrastructures and important utilities.
The Philippine Government has tried to decongest NCR in the hopes that
other regions may be able to catch up and be up to par with NCR but sadly there
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is little success. Decongesting NCR should have had major success through the
passage of laws such as Republic Act no. 7160 or the Local Government Code of
1991 (LGC of 1991) and the creation of the Department of the Interior and Local
Government or DILG but sadly there is still cases of major inequality among
regions.
According to DILG (2014), as of 2014, the country has about 43, 743 local
government units (LGUs). All 43, 743 LGUs have their powers and responsibilities
outlined by law. These powers and responsibilities are specified in the Local
Government Code of 1991. The law bestows upon each of these LGUs the power
to help develop their jurisdiction in the hopes of increasing nation-building. But
despite the great powers granted to them by the National Government, there are
only pockets of success seen across the archipelago. The LGC of 1991 has over
20 years of implementation but no place is as developed as NCR. As time went by
since its passage, NCR has gotten richer while other regions continue to lag behind
it. (Source: Department of Interior and Local Government. (2014, July 15). Number
of Provinces, Cities, Municipalities and Barangays by Region. Retrieved from
http://www.dilg.gov.ph/facts-and-figures/Number-of-Provinces-Cities-
Municipalities-and-Barangays-by-Region/30 and Ateneo School of Government.
(2010). Agenda on Local Governance Reforms. Retrieved from
http://ateneo.edu/sites/default/files/local%20governance_final.pdf and University
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of Asia and the Pacific Philippine Society and Culture submitted by Feriza
Fernando & Gian Gonzales).
The purpose of the study is to give information in San Carlenians about
Local Government Unit (LGUs) laws and regulations. To increase awareness
among San Carlenians to know if the barangay workers/officials access
information about Local Government Code of 1991and if the barangay
workers/officials facilitate their work specifically, the delivery of quality services to
the people in the community.
Statement of the Problem
Awareness is one of the objectives that has become important component
in the continuous utilization of laws and regulations among national and local
government aspects. This component has been measured in various evaluation
instruments like research study. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the
awareness in regards with laws and regulations among the respondents in San
Carlos City, Pangasinan.
The evaluation of awareness conducted for this study involved the main
respondents: the citizens of San Carlos City, Pangasinan. This study provided data
for the analysis of awareness among the respondents evaluated. Evaluation of the
awareness should be an integral part of implementing and developing laws and
regulations in the city.
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Questions of the Study:
1. What is the level of awareness among citizens in San Carlos City in
regards with the implementation of laws and regulations?
2. What are the effects of these laws and regulations in the lives of San
Carlenians?
3. Are these laws and regulations provide a better economic growth
between citizens and local officials of San Carlos City?
Purpose
1. To be aware how the city defines the boundaries, provides its system of
government and defines the powers and duties of its officials.
2. To be aware about collecting taxes in accordance with law.
3. To be aware of allocating budget process of LGU in every cities.
4. To know the transactions and operations of cities.
Significance of the Study
The researcher believes that this study entitled Awareness of San
Carlenians in regards with Local Government Units laws and regulations will help
the officials, students, citizens and future researchers.
OFFICIALS. With prompt and proper implementation of the output and
recommendations of this study the officials of every barangay would be more
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aware of the laws and regulations of the local government unit which they belong
with. This will enable them to assess and re-assess their policies and practices to
serve better and attaining better management and service in their respective
barangays. To improved them become efficient and law abiding officials.
Other branches of the Local Government Unit will also get insights, as well
as better way on how to manage their responsibilities based on the standards and
laws, rules and regulations.
STUDENTS or YOUTH. Having enough awareness regarding laws and
regulations of LGU’s is an important role that every youth should have. This is to
further understand the implemented rules to be followed by every individual for the
common good. As next leaders of the society awareness of laws and regulations
is a must. This research will benefit the students or youth in dealing with political
issues and problems, to help them making some adjustments and run down the
problem.
CITIZENS. This study is favorable mostly of the citizens of San Carlos,
Pangasinan. Study will give them enough reason to abide or follow the laws and
regulations implemented. Their awareness will help them to know their rights as a
citizen, to demand for fair service and have knowledge on where their taxes goes.
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FUTURE RESEARCHERS. The future researchers can use this study as
reference and basis for their future study in the future regarding with the San
Carlenian’s awareness of Local Government Units Laws and Regulations.
Hypotheses
The null hypotheses tested in this study are as follows:
1. The San Carlenians are not totally aware of local government units’ laws
and regulations.
2. There is no significant relationship between the lives of San Carlenians and
the effects of the laws and regulations.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
The most relevant and selected researches were reviewed by the
researcher in accordance with the study being conducted. The researches were
studied focusing on their objectives, methods and results as far as possible, and
inferences were drawn from these to guide the present study in matters of several
technicalities.
Review of Related Literature
Alex B. Brillantes, Jr. and Donna Moscare said, in accordance with the
provision stipulated in the 1987 Constitution, the Local Government Code (also
known as the Local Autonomy Act) was enacted in 1991.It is considered the most
radical and far reaching policy that addressed the decades-old problem of a highly
centralized politico-administrative system with most significant political and
administrative decisions concentrated in Manila. The enactment of the Code was
welcomed by most sectors of society. It radically transformed the nature of the
power relationships between the central government and the thousands of local
governments in the countryside through the devolution process. It finally
transferred the responsibility for the delivery of basic services to the local
government units, including appropriate personnel, assets, equipment, programs
and projects. The legislature and executive branches of local government are
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important political institutions in countries whose government is under the
presidential system. They play a critical role in promoting a genuine local
development (Gabriel& Gutierrez, 2017).
The Constitution of the Philippines provides for the separation of powers
between the two branches of government in order to establish check and balance
(Gabriel, 2016). For quite a time, the Executive branch and the legislature exercise
enormous power in their municipalities. The executive department implements
municipal laws while the legislature makes, amends and repeal laws other the
oversight power which allow the legislature to determine to a certain extent how
the municipal laws they made are implemented on the ground. The oversight
powers include the power to review the executive budget and to appropriate
(www.lawteacher.com, July 2018).
According to Villaluz (2004) legislative oversight is a process where the
Sanggunian (legislative body) evaluates if the ordinances it enacted are being
implemented and, if so, how they are implemented by the executive branch. The
objective of this function is to ensure that policies as guidelines are carried out in
accordance with legislative intent and that public funds are spent as appropriated
and not wasted.
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The following are the major features of the Code: (a) it devolves to local
government units’ responsibility for the delivery of various aspects of basic
services that earlier were the responsibility of the national government. These
basic services include the following: health (field health and hospital services and
other tertiary services); social services (social welfare services); environment
(community based forestry projects), agriculture (agricultural extension and on-site
research); public works (funded by local funds); education (school building
program); tourism (facilities, promotion and development); telecommunications
services and housing projects (for provinces and cities); and other services such
as investment support. (b) It devolves to local governments the responsibility for
the enforcement of certain regulatory powers, such as the reclassification of
agricultural lands; enforcement of environmental laws; inspection of food products
and quarantine; enforcement of national building code; operation of tricycles;
processing and approval of subdivision plans; and establishment of cockpits and
holding of cockfights. (c) The Code also provides the legal and institutional
infrastructure for expanded participation of civil society in local governance. More
specifically, it allocates to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and people's
organizations (POs) specific seats in local special bodies. These special bodies
include the local development council, the local health board, and the local school
board. Because of their ability to organize and mobilize the people, one door wide
open for NGO and PO participation in governance are in the areas of promoting
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local accountability and answerability, specifically through the recall and people's
initiative provisions. The Code increases the financial resources available to local
government units by (1) broadening their taxing powers; (2) providing them with a
specific share from the national wealth exploited in their area, e.g., mining, fishery
and forestry charges; and (3) increasing their share from the national taxes, i.e.,
internal revenue allotments (IRA), from a previously low of 11% to as much as
40%. The Code also increases the elbowroom of local governments to generate
revenues from local fees and charges. (d) Finally, the Code lays the foundation for
the development and evolution of more entrepreneurial-oriented local
governments. For instance, it provides the foundations for local governments to
enter into build-operate-transfer (BOT) arrangements with the private sector, float
bonds, obtain loans from local private institutions, etc., all within the context of
encouraging them to be "more business-like" and competitive in their operations
in contradistinction to "traditional" government norms and operations. Indeed, at
the end of the day, local autonomy would mean less reliance upon national
government, including "allotments" made by the national government, and
increased reliance upon internally generated resources, or resources jointly
generated with other institutions, be the other local government units, private
institutions, etc. It is within this context that the Code encourages LGUs to be more
aggressive and entrepreneurial. "Going into business" with the private sector and,
where appropriate, adapting private sector strategies, techniques and
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technologies to generate resources are encouraged by the Code. These enable
them to deliver the much needed basic services to the people.
Source: (DP-57N-Case-Study-Local-Government-Capacity-Development-
Philippines.pdf)
The Philippines has a three-tier system of local government. The highest
tier consists of 79 provinces; the second tier comprises approximately 200 cities
and 1500 municipalities; and the third tier is made up of over 40,000 barangays
(villages/wards). Provinces, cities and barangays are referred to as local
government units (LGUs), each of which has an elected local chief executive and
a council of elected representatives. Provincial local chief executives are
governors, cities and municipalities have mayors, and barangays have barangay
captains. All local government chief executives and council members are elected
for a three-year term of office in elections managed nation-wide by a national
elections commission.
The Local Government Code has four outstanding features. First, it grants
local government units significant regulatory powers, including land classification
and community-based forestry and fisheries; Second, it devolves to local
government units the responsibility for the delivery of basic services (e.g.
agriculture extension, public works, health, housing, social welfare, tourism and
investment promotion); Third, it increases financial resources available to local
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governments through increased internal revenue allotments from national wealth
and the granting of authority to mobilise resources through taxation, credit
financing and other public and private sources; and Fourth, it recognises and
encourages the active participation of the private sector, NGOs and people's
organisations in the process of governance.
The DILG was designated as the lead national agency for the
implementation of the code.
Source: (Alix Yule, programme director of the Philippines-Canada Local
Government Support Program, Agriteam Canada)
Review of Related Studies
FOREIGN
The Republic of the Philippines has made significant progress in
decentralisation and democratisation over the past decade. Its devolution
legislation and local government system are frequently studied by other Asian
countries as a model for decentralisation. However, the process has not been
without challenges. In 1991, when the Local Government Code was enacted, few
local governments had the capacity to carry out their newly mandated functions.
The national government and local government officials themselves identified the
urgent need for capacity development and capacity development assistance for
local government units. The national government charged the DILG with
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responsibility to develop the capacity of local governments and invited donor
assistance. Since 1991 many national government initiatives and donor-assisted
projects have supported local government capacity development with one of the
most successful being LGSP. LGSP represents a long-term commitment on behalf
of CIDA to support the Government of the Philippines' decentralisation and poverty
reduction strategies. It is a major component of CIDA's official development
assistance programme to promote democracy and good governance in the
Philippines. The programme has been implemented in two phases, phase I from
1991 to 1998, and phase II from 1999 to 2006. Both phases have been funded
jointly by CIDA bilateral branch and by the Philippines-Canada Development Fund,
a fund established through the monetisation of Canadian commodities and
administered by a Board of Directors made up of representatives of CIDA and the
Philippine National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). Total
expenditure for the programme is approximately CDN $60 million, $30 million for
each phase. Phase I, managed directly by CIDA and administered by Filipino
consultants and NEDA officials, assisted more than 300 local government units
(municipalities, cities and provinces) in Mindanao and Western Visayas in the
southern Philippines. Phase II, managed by a Canadian executing agency,
Agriteam Canada, in collaboration with the Federation of Canadian Municipalities,
supported over 200 local government units in the same provinces as phase I and,
in addition, supported development of the 'enabling environment' by assisting
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various organisations and institutions within the local governance system at
regional and national levels.
Although this case study is primarily about developing the capacity of local
governments as organisations, the term local governance is used instead of local
government to reflect the LGSP and DILG position that if effective local
government is to be realised, in addition to assisting local government units, it is
necessary to enhance the capacity of community and citizen groups to become
involved in local government and to strengthen the mechanisms that allow
government- citizen interaction.
Source: (Alix Yule, programme director of the Philippines-Canada Local
Government Support Program, Agriteam Canada)
Mezey (1979) argues that the veto is the “most powerful tool of the
Executive because of its definitive ability to block the legislative process.” He
added that “A weaker constraint which may be imposed upon the executive branch
is the power to override the executive veto, given that the policy emanates from
the legislature.”Abellera’s (2012) study lends support to the argument” that
legislatures are pillars of democratic good governance”. Nevertheless, he claims
that the Local Government Code of 1991 accorded vast legislative powers to the
Executive rendering the Legislative lesser prominence and effort to take its
appropriate place in the political system. Consequently, the principle of co-equality
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is undermined and one overdoes the power of another. “The legislature‘s
procedural arrangements and institutional infrastructure were preventing the
potential to oversee an increasingly powerful executive.”
The local legislative body is also confronted by the issue of
professionalization and qualification of legislators (Valdehuesa, 2005). He posits
that” Members of the Sangguniang Bayan should possess the essential skills for
passing regulations, appropriating funds and deliberating public policy.” In order to
contribute to good governance, he notes that legislators must not only have
adequate knowledge of local conditions; rather, “they should be capable of
formulating and analyzing laws, making quality decisions that would lead to the
greater good.”. Unfortunately, the present scenario of Philippine politics
discourages the most qualified members of the society to vie for electoral posts.
This is because the qualification for running as legislator is also of minimum
standard with no minimum educational level required. He further contends that
“Politicians in the Philippines are elected not on the basis of qualifications but on
their family name or dynasty, deep-pocketed or wealthy, well-known or celebrity,
influential or connectivity but not education, capability, record or character” He said
that, sadly, many elected legislators lack the knowledge of parliamentary
procedures which is the governing principle, the very basis in passing legislation.
This lack of preparation makes the executive intervention in legislative procedures
overwhelming, constituting to “rubber-stamp approvals and to the extent of
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relegating legislative procedures.” Stalemate and political rivalry are issues
existing between executive and legislative departments. According to Bernas
(2006) development planning is a matter reserved for governments to undertake.
He stated that the Executive Branch is mandated to conceptualize the nation’s
Economic Plan, but it requires the approval of Congress for eventual enactment.
He opines that the best economic plans would end futile if the two houses of
Congress which are mandated by our Constitution to preside over economic
matters, do not extend their much needed cooperation and support to the
administration's priority bills. His paper expounds on the perennial rivalry between
the two branches of government, and also proposes some recommendations in
preventing the recurrence of such an unproductive stalemate. In another view,
Cruz (2014) states that in a democracy with a presidential form of government —
which we have in the Philippines — the three branches are supposed to serve as
checks and balances to each other. He reckons that the Legislative branch — the
Senate and House of Representatives — exercises oversight over the executive
branch and all its agencies. For instance, the Congress can demand executive
officials to appear in front of its committee members to answer questions
broadcasted live by radio and television. On the other hand, the Executive has the
right to investigate and file charges against lawmakers it believes are guilty of
corruption. Finally, Gita (2015) wrote in an article what Former Chief Justice
Renato Puno said about the concept of federalism and its relevance to the
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separation of powers among the three branches of government. According to the
justice, the present system of our government model gives too much emphasis on
the independence of the three branches of government, instead of
interdependence on certain areas of governance. He further said that this
outdated, if not erroneous, allocation of powers has earned the country a lot of
democratic deficits. And this has resulted in the continuing categorization of the
Philippines as a failing democracy. So he said that there is a need to strike a more
appropriate balance of power among the three branches of government.
SOURCE: (www.iiste.org)
LOCAL
Davao City has already been receiving many praises but when their beloved
mayor, Rodrigo Duterte, decided to run for president, praises became
controversies. One major controversy is the supposed drug free nature of the city.
Although there hasn’t been any actual source to back up such allegation, it seems
that it isn’t the only myth running rampant among many Filipinos who don’t know
much about the city.
Myths can easily be spread through clever propaganda, but usually
because of people’s lack of chance to get themselves informed. Let us bust the
myths about Davao City ordinances to finally settle if the third largest city in the
Philippines is really as strict as it deemed to be.
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1. Davao City Juvenile Curfew
This ordinance has been strictly enforced since 2013. The then
mayor stated on a local news that curfews “are really intended to protect
public interest… not a punitive action against the minors or the children,
rather intended as a social action to promote their welfare…”Curfew on
Juvenile is not an uncommon ordinance among other countries including
United Kingdom and some states in the United States of America.
2. Davao City Amended Liquor Ban (Ordinance No. 004-13)
Drinking laws vary from country to country, and in some countries,
from state to state. Most countries which are predominantly Islamic prohibit
all activities involving alcoholic drinks and that is probably why we often
misconstrue the term liquor ban. However, drinking laws in public spaces
and prohibition in selling alcohol are not at all uncommon and are in effect
(with varying provisions) in other countries like Norway, Finland, Australia
and Singapore, among others.
3. Davao City New Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ban (Ordinance No. 0367-
12)
Unbeknownst to most, Davao City is simply following Republic Act
8749 (also known as Clean Air Act of the Philippines) enacted in 1999
where it is stated in Article 5 Section 24 that “Smoking inside a public
building or an enclosed public place including public vehicles and other
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means of transport or in any enclosed area outside of one’s private
residence, private place of work or any duly designated smoking area is
hereby prohibited under this Act. This provision shall be implemented by the
LGUs”.
4. Firecracker Ban (Ordinance No. 060-02)
In the same way as other ordinances, the firecracker ban is also not
unique to Davao City. Muntinlupa City (since 2013) and Olongapo City
(since 2008) also have firecracker bans in effect. Among the countries with
firecracker laws (with varying provisions) include Canada, Malaysia,
Singapore and even mainland China, where firecrackers are banned in
some urban cities during Lunar New Year.
If there is one myth in dire need of disproving, it is the myth that the “law is
made to be broken”. It baffles me how much shock the city of Davao has
garnered from other people, especially from Filipinos, because of its
ordinances being implemented when other more open countries also have
similar laws on similar matters. It could be that it is not the city of Davao that
is unique or too restricted, but that most Filipinos including the ones put to
implement ordinances often have the deep-seated mindset that laws can
be bent or disregarded even.
SOURCE: https://www.tripzilla.ph/davao-city-ordinances-every-visitor-
should-know/1280
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
To facilitate the readers, the following important terms are hereby defined
on how they are cited in this study:
 Devolution Process – it is the act or process by which a central
government gives power, property, etc., to local groups or government.
 Local Government Units (LGU) – are institutional units whose fiscal
legislative and executive authority extends over the smallest geographical
areas distinguished for administrative and political purposes.
 Legislature – in this study, it refers to a governing body that makes laws
and can also amend or repeal them.
 Executive - in this study, it refers to a governing body that is responsible
for executing and enforcing law.
 Private Sectors - an industry that is composed of private companies.
 Local Autonomy - the exercise of certain basic powers, i.e. police power,
power of eminent domain, and taxing power, by local government units so
as to best serve the interest and promote the general well-being of their
inhabitants.
 Decentralization – refers to reforming the fiscal, political, and
administrative framework in which entities operate.
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 Legislative Process - includes evaluating, amending, and voting on
proposed laws and is concerned with the words used in the bill to
communicate the values, judgments, and purposes of the proposal.
 Power - The right, ability, or authority to perform an act. An ability to
generate a change in a particular legal relationship by doing or not doing a
certain act.
 Rubber-stamp – it refers to someone in authority who makes such
automatic authorization in a decision, plan, or law, without thinking about it
much.
 Stalemate - refers to a conflict that has reached an impasse, and in which
resolution or further action seems highly difficult or unlikely.
 Futile – having no result or effect: pointless or useless.
 Propaganda – ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and
that are spread in medical order to help a cause, a political leader, a
government, etc.
 Juvenile Curfew - local ordinances that prohibit people of a certain age
(usually under 18) from being in public or in a business establishment during
certain hours (such as between 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.)
 Ordinance – a law or regulation made by a city or town government.
 Unbeknownst - happening or existing without the knowledge of someone
specified.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, Research Design, Sources of Data, Scope and limitations,
Instrumentation and Data Collection, and Tools for Data Analysis were discussed.
Research Design
The study utilized the descriptive method of research it is a fact-finding
method with adequate interpretation. It is more and beyond data gathering.
Descriptive research according to Burns and Grove (2003) is a method that
provides an accurate portrayal or account of characteristic of a particular individual,
event or group in real life situations. This type of research is conducted to discover
new meaning, describe what exists, determine the frequency with which something
occurs and categorize informations.
Descriptive method was used because the researcher studied the
Awareness of San Carlenians in regards to local government units’ laws and
regulations, method is suitable to the study because the researcher collected data
and tested the hypothesis of the study to find out the status of awareness among
San Carlenians in regards to local government units rules and regulations.
Sources of Data
This part presented the locale of the study and the population sampling.
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Locale of the Study
The study was conducted in different selected barangays and schools at
the municipality of San Carlos, Pangasinan.
San Carlos City was once known as Binalatongan. From the time of its
founding up to the middle of the 19th century, it was considered as the biggest and
most populous town of Pangasinan composing a whole third of the Province. It is
recorded in history as a bastion of freedom fighters, with famous uprisings against
Spaniards led by Andres Malong (1660) and Juan dela Cruz Palaris (1762). These
heroic acts prompted the Spanish colonizers to change the name of the town to
San Carlos in honor of King Carlos III of Spain.
San Carlos became a city by virtue of Republic Act No. 4487 signed on June
19, 1965.
San Carlos City is in the Pangasinan province and within Region I in the
southern island of Luzon - Ilocos Region, the said municipality has a total of eighty
six 86) barangays headed by their respective Brgy. Captain together with Co-Brgy.
Officials.
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Figure 1 shows the San Carlos City, Pangasinan map.

Fig. 1 San Carlos City Map
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Scope and Limitations
The study focus on the level of awareness among San Carlenians in
regards to local government unit’s laws and regulations. The researcher selected
groups of available individual along San Carlos City, Pangasinan.
The research was limited to the different groups of citizens from San Carlos
City because they are the ones affected by the implemented rules and regulations
of the said city.
Population Sampling
A convenience sample is a type of non-probability sampling method where
the sample is taken from a group of people easy to contact or to reach. This type
of sampling is also known as grab sampling or availability sampling. There are no
other criteria to the sampling method except that people be available and willing to
participate. In addition, this type of sampling method does not require that a simple
Random sample is generated, since the only criteria is whether the participants
agree to participate.
Convenience sampling was used in the study. The respondents are
composed of twenty (20) individuals from the group of different college students
studying in different college schools of San Carlos, twenty (20) members from LGU
officials, twenty (20) private employed individuals, twenty (20)
businessmen/women, and twenty (20) individuals who are unemployed.
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Instrumentation and Data Collection
Several instruments for gathering data were developed and utilized in this
study as follows:
First was the questionnaire on the personal profile of the respondents. Under
profile were name, age, gender and position of the respondents.
Questionnaire. A locally structured questionnaire consisting of questions that
were developed and utilized by the researcher.
Second is the question if they are aware in laws or ordinances and regulations
of Local Government Units. This question seeks to find the main purpose of this
study which is to know the awareness of San Carlenians regarding Local
Government Units’ Laws and Regulations.
Third is the researcher seeks the permission of the Dean of the Business
Administration and Accountancy to administer the test.
In gathering the data the following steps were followed:
1. The researcher floated the questionnaires to be answered by the
respondents.
2. The respondents must first answer the profile. Next is to answer the
structured questionnaire.
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3. The test was checked individually by the researcher and the data will be
summarized. The preliminary data analysis consisted of summarized profile
of the respondents and their answers to each question.
4. Tabulated data was tallied, collated and subjected to data analysis using
suitable statistical tool.
Tool for Data Analysis
Descriptive statistics, including percentages for all nominal and ordinal data was
used. Weighted mean was utilized to gather the average value to describe the level
of awareness of the participant groups. Significance for all statistical measures
was determined at the 0.05 level.
Frequency Count and Percentage. The profile of the respondents shown in figures
are entered into tables to determine its frequency count and percentages using the
following formula:
𝑓
%= × 100
𝑛
Where:
% = percentage of the respondents
f = frequency of the respondents
n = total number of the respondents
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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the data gathered together with the corresponding
statistical analysis, interpretation, and corroboration to meet the set objectives of
the study.
Graph 1 shows the distribution of respondents according to their gender. In
one hundred (100) respondents, there are sixty-one (61) female equivalent to sixty-
one percent (61%) and thirty-nine (39) male equivalent to thirty-nine percent (39%)
of the total number of respondents.
GRAPH 1
DISTRIBUTION OF THE RESPONDENTS ACCORDING TO
THEIR GENDER
39%
61%
Male Female
Table 1 shows the distribution of the respondents according to their age
ranges from eighteen (18) to sixty-two (62), majority are twenty (20) years old with
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eleven (11) respondents while ages fifty (50), fifty-six (56), fifty-seven (57), sixty
(60), and sixty-one (61) has one (1) respondent each age.
TABLE 1
DISTRIUTION OF THE RESPONDENTS ACCORDING TO THEIR AGE
AGE NO. OF RESPONDENTS
18 y/o 3
19 y/o 10
20 y/o 11
21 y/o 3
22 y/o 7
23 y/o 5
24 y/o 2
25 y/o 2
26 y/o 7
27 y/o 2
28 y/o 3
29 y/o 3
30 y/o 4
31 y/o 2
32 y/o 2
41 y/o 2
42 y/o 4
45 y/o 4
46 y/o 3
48 y/o 4
50 y/o 1
51 y/o 3
52 y/o 3
55 y/o 3
56 y/o 1
57 y/o 1
60 y/o 1
61 y/o 1
62 y/o 3
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Graph 2 shows the awareness of San Carlenians in city’s implemented laws
and regulations. It shows that most respondents are not fully aware of the
implemented laws and regulations with an average of sixty-nine percent (69%),
and only ten percent (10%) of the respondents are not aware.
GRAPH 2
AWARENESS OF SAN CARLENIANS IN CITY'S
IMPLEMENTED LAWS AND REGULATIONS
10%
21%
very aware
slightly aware
69% not aware
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Graph 3 shows the awareness of San Carlenians in the City’s Public
Officials. Sixty-nine percent (69%) said that they know the persons who are public
servants in the city while, ten percent (10%) of the respondents said that they are
not familiar with those officials.
GRAPH 3
AWARENESS OF SAN CARLENIANS OF THE CITY'S
PUBLIC OFFICIALS
10%
29%
very aware
slightly aware
61% not aware
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Graph 4 shows the awareness of San Carlenians in tax as an enforced
contribution and its purposes. Fifty-three percent (53%) of the respondents stated
that they are slightly aware while, six percent (6%) of the respondents stated that
they are not aware.
GRAPH 4
AWARENESS OF SAN CARLENIANS IN TAXATION AND ITS
PURPOSE
very aware
slightly
aware
not aware
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Graph 5 shows the satisfaction of the respondents in the services given by
the LGU’s in their communities. Seventy-one percent (71%) of the respondents
appreciated the efforts of the LGU’s. on the other hand, only twelve percent (12%)
are not satisfied to the services rendered by the LGU’s in their community.
GRAPH 5
SATISFACTION OF SAN CARLENIANS IN THE SERVICES
OF LGU
12% 17%
very satisfied
slightly satisfied
not satisfied
71%
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Graph 6 shows the satisfaction of the respondents in the tax collection
process of the city government. It shows that sixty-four percent (64%) of the
respondents are slightly satisfied in the government processes while, only thirteen
percent (13%) of the respondents are not satisfied in the collection processes.
GRAPH 6
SATISFACTION OF SAN CARLENIANS IN TAX COLLECTION
PROCESSES OF SAN CARLOS CITY GOVERNMENT
very satisfied
slightly satisfied
not satisfied
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Graph 7 shows the satisfaction of the respondents in the good effects of
implemented laws and regulations of San Carlos City Government. Ninety-one
percent (91%) of the respondents agreed while, only nine percent (9%) of the
respondents stated that these laws and regulations are not very important.
GRAPH 7
PERCEPTION OF SAN CARLENIANS IN THE LGU'S
IMPLEMENTED LAWS AND REGULATION
yes no
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Graph 8 shows the benefits of laws and regulations of LGU to daily lives of
San Carlenians. In ninety-one (91) respondents who said those laws and
regulations have good effects in their lives, wherein it helps in maintaining peace
and order got the highest percentage, totalled fifty-five percent (55%) while no one
stated other benefits aside from given choices.
GRAPH 8
BENEFITS OF LGU'S IMPLEMENTED LAWS AND
REGULATIONS TO DAILY LIVES OF SAN CARLENIANS
0
to know the limitations of each
public officials in our city
10%
17% to know my rights as san
carleninan
10% it maintain peace and order
it promote equality among San

Carlenians
10% 16%
financial assistance
free availment of healthcare

services
15%
security
22%
others
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Graph 9 shows the satisfaction of San Carlenians in the implemented laws
and regulations which can provide a better relationship between the people and
the officials. Ninety percent (90%) of the respondents stated that it can help the
government as well as the relationship between the public officials and San
Carlenians, while ten percent (10%) of the respondents disagreed.
GRAPH 9
SATISFACTION OF SAN CARLENIANS OF THE GOOD
EFFECTS IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
OFFICIALS AND THE CITIZENS
10%
90%
yes no
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GRAPH 10 shows the effects of LGU’s implemented laws and regulations.
Sixty-one percent (61%) of the respondents who answered yes stated that the
economic growth is the number one factor that might affect if the government and
the citizens cooperate in obeying the implemented laws and regulations in San
Carlos City while, eighteen percent (18%) of the respondents answered that it can
affect the financial growth.
GRAPH 10
GOOD EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTED LAWS AND
REGULATIONS OF LGU
22% 18%
27% 33%
financial growth
economic growth
fairness and justice between officials and ordinary citizens
promote equality and social welfare
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Chapter V
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
FINDINGS
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness of San
Carlenians in regards to Local Government Unit’s Laws and Regulations.
The researchers designed a survey questionnaire which was answered by
One Hundred (100) respondents. Twenty (20) on the college students, twenty
(20) on the private employees, twenty (20) on the business owners, twenty (20)
on the LGU Officials and twenty (20) on the unemployed citizens. The survey
results were presented in the previous chapter.
The findings are summed up as follows:
a. The Awareness of San Carlenians in the current/latest implemented
laws/ordinances and regulations.
Majority of the San Carlenians revealed that they are slightly aware with
these laws and regulations that were imposed in San Carlos City.
b. Familiarity of San Carlenians in the current officials of San Carlos City.
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Based on the results, most of the San Carlenians are not so informed
about the current officials of San Carlos City and their roles in the
community.
c. The Awareness of San Carlenians in the Tax Imposition in San Carlos City.
The research revealed that more than half of the one hundred San
Carlenians respondents said that they are slightly aware that taxes imposed
in the city is an enforced contribution and it is used for public purposes.
d. The Satisfaction of the San Carlenians in the services rendered by the LGU
Officials.
Almost all of the San Carlenians believed that they are not so satisfied
in the services rendered to them by the officials of the San Carlos City.
e. The Contentment of the San Carlenians in the Tax Collection Process in the
San Carlos City.
Most of the San Carlenians stated that they are slightly satisfied in the
context of tax collection process in the San Carlos City.
f. The effects of the Laws and Regulations in the Daily Lives of the San
Carlenians.
In terms of effects of these laws and regulations to the citizens, most of
them believed that it contains a good effects that affect to their daily lives as
a San Carlenian. Having a peace and order situation in the city are their
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main reason why these laws and regulations provide good effects in their
lives.
g. The benefits of those laws with the relationship between citizens and
Officials of San Carlos City.
Based on the results tabulated, it shows that most of San Carlenians
think that they have a better relationship with their respective officials by
these laws and regulations implemented in the city. It shows also that in
general, these laws and regulations provide a better economic growth as a
result of this relationship between them.
CONCLUSION
On the data imputed, the researchers came up to the following conclusions:
a. Most of San Carlenians answered that they are slightly aware about the
implemented laws of lgu officials and their responsibility for the enforcement
of certain regulatory powers, such as the reclassification of agricultural
lands; enforcement of environmental laws; inspection of food products and
quarantine; enforcement of national building code; operation of tricycles;
processing and approval of subdivision plans; and establishment of cockpits
and holding of cockfights.
b. Respondents may or may not participating activities in San Carlos for
having least knowledge about the implemented regulations and laws in the
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city. Filipinos have a negative perception of the local governments. Many
more Filipinos are saying that the LGUs are corrupt. This puts a heavy strain
on the government because there are less people participating in
government affairs because they think it is useless since it is just going to
the corrupt politicians pocket and not to helping the people.
c. It shows that there are some San Carlenians who are not satisfied about
local government unit’s officials’ way of rendering of various aspects of
basic services that earlier were the responsibility of the elected and
appointed officials. These basic services include the following: health (field
health and hospital services and other tertiary services); social services
(social welfare services); environment (community based forestry projects),
agriculture (agricultural extension and on-site research); public works
(funded by local funds); education (school building program); tourism
(facilities, promotion and development); telecommunications services and
housing projects (for provinces and cities); and other services such as
investment support.
d. The San Carlenians are slightly satisfied about LGUs equitable distribution
of wealth.
e. Most of the respondents do not have sufficient understanding regarding
benefits they can obtain from those implemented policies.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
Based from the conclusions, the following recommendations are hereby
suggested:
To LGU Officials:
a. Consider those who might be living in poverty and think of ways on
how to help them. Reach out to those people or families and use your
experiences to deepen your understanding on what poverty really is,
as well as where it exists. That’s how change starts one step at a
time.
b. Use the technologies to inform people about the projects they
perform, such as by using social media (Facebook, twitter, etc.) to
update citizens regarding their rules and regulations.
c. Conduct seminars among citizens to give them knowledge about
their rights, people’s equality, lgu laws/ regulations as well as
official’s limitations of authority and also to monitor the lifestyle of
each family in the society.
d. Improve the quality of education, offer free education or scholarship
programs for out of school youth because education is one of the key
for success.
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e. Tax collected and other charges must be utilized properly for public
used.
f. Make a comment section such as social media comments and
queries section for those people who suffer violence and also it is
another way to ask people about any suggestions and feedbacks of
lgu official’s quality of service.
g. Authority must imposed rules and regulations for everyone’s sake;
for justice; fairness; assistance; peace/order and security.
h. Laws and regulations must provide better relationship between
citizens and authority in striving for economic growth.
To Citizens:
a. Participate in different activities and seminars in the community to be
knowledgeable about society’s current situation.
b. Abide the laws and regulations of the city.
c. Family should educate the youth, understanding and cooperation
should start from family.
d. Know the authority/ officials to know whom you could ask for help.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alix Yule, Programme Director of the Philippines-Canada Local

Government Support program, Agriteam Canada, Valduhesa, 2005
DP-57-case-study-local-government-capacity-development-philippines.pdf
http://www.ateneo.edu/sites/default/files/local%20governancefinal.pdf
http://www.dilg.gov.ph/facts-and-figures/number-of-provinces-cities-
municipalities-and-barangays-by-region/30
http://www.gabriel,Guttierez, 2017
http://www.lawteacher.com, July 2018
http://www.tripzilla.ph/davao-city-ordinances-every-visitor-should-
know/1280
Tanuecoz, Tendero, et al. Technical Writing for Research, Reports and

Business Letters. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc.
www.edu.com.ph
www.iiste.org
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APPENDIX A
LETTER OF REQUEST TO FLOAT QUESTIONNAIRES
November , 2018
To whom it may concern,

We, the 4th year Bachelor of Science in Accountancy students of College
of Business Administration and Accountancy in Virgen Milagrosa University
Foundation will conduct survey regarding our study entitled “Awareness of San
Carlenians in regards to Local Government Unit's Laws and Regulations”, in partial
fulfillment of the requirements in our Business Research subject.
In line with this, we humbly requesting for your permission to allow us to
float survey questionnaires. We promise that the data will remain absolutely
confidential to be use for educational purposes only.
Your approval will be highly appreciated.
Sincerely,
________________ _______________ _______________

Agbuya, Edgardo JR. Bautista, Julito JR. Cardinoza, Jessiell
_________________ ___________________
Pinca, Caren Poyaoan, Remnuel BJ
Noted by:
Brendalyn M. Padlan, CPA

Instructor
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APPENDIX B
QUESTIONNAIRE
Good day!
We are 4th year Bachelor of Science in Accountancy students of Virgen Milagrosa
University Foundation and currently conducting a study entitled “Awareness of San
Carlenians in regards to Local Government Units’ Laws and Regulations”.
Please spare a few minutes of your valuable time to answer this simple
questionnaire. Thank you!
________________________________________________________________
________________
Name (optional): ____________________________ Gender: □ Male
Age: _______ □ Female
Address: _____________________________________________
Position: □ Student (name of school) __________________________________
□ Private Employee (name of company) ________________________
□ Business Owner (name of business) _________________________
□ LGU Official (name of LGU) ________________________________
□ Unemployed
Instructions: Check the square □ that best represents your opinion.
Not Aware Slightly Aware Very Aware
1. Are you aware in your city's

current/latest implemented
laws/ordinances and
regulations?
2. Do you know the current
officials of San Carlos City
and their roles in the city?
3. As a San Carlenian, are you
aware that tax is an
enforced contribution, and it
is used for public purposes?
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Not Slightly Very

Satisfied Satisfied Satisfied
4. Are you satisfied by the
services rendered of LGU
officials in your community?
5. Are you satisfied in the tax
collection process of San
Carlos City government?
6. Are these laws and regulations have a good effects in your daily lives?
□ Yes
□ No
If yes, in what reason?
□ to know the limitations of each public officials in our city
□ to know my rights as a San Carlenian
□ it maintain peace and order
□ it promotes equality among San Carlenians
□ Financial Assistance
□ free availment of health care services
□ Security
□ others (please specify) _____________________________________
7. Are these laws and regulations provide a better relationship between
citizens and officials of San Carlos City?
□ Yes
□ No
If yes, in terms of:
□ Financial Growth
□ Economic Growth
□ Fairness and justice between officials and ordinary citizens
□ Promotes equality and social welfare
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CURRICULUM VITAE
________________________________________________________________
EDGARDO P. AGBUYA, JR
Address : 253 Pasibi East, Urbiztondo, Pangasinan

Contact No. : 0915-896-3330
Email-add : agbuya.edgardo28@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
BIRTH DATE : September 28, 1999

BIRTH PLACE : Urbiztondo, Pangasinan
AGE : 19 years’ old
GENDER : Male
CIVIL STATUS : Single
HEIGHT : 5'7”
NATIONALITY : Filipino
RELIGION : Born Again Christian
LANGUAGE SPOKEN : Filipino, English and Pangasinan
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
TERTIARY : College of Business Administration and (BSA)

Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation
Martin P. Posadas Avenue, San Carlos City,
Pangasinan
A.Y (2015- present)
SECONDARY : Urbiztondo National High School

Pasibi East, Urbiztondo, Pangasinan
S. Y. (2011-2015)
ELEMENTARY : Pasibi-Bituag Elementary School

Pasibi East, Urbiztondo, Pangasinan
S. Y. (2005-2011)
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CURRICULUM VITAE
________________________________________________________________
JULITO JR. A. BAUTISTA
Address : 48 Gamata, San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Contact No. : 0946-255-8044
Email-add : julito_monicz@yahoo.com
BIRTH DATE : November 9, 1998

BIRTH PLACE : San Carlos City, Pangasinan
GENDER : Male
HEIGHT : 5'8”
RELIGION : Roman Catholic Christian

Pangasinan
A.Y (2015- present)
SECONDARY : Speaker Eugenio Perez National Agricultural School

Roxas Blvd., San Carlos City, Pangasinan
S.Y. (2011-2015)
ELEMENTARY : Gamata Elementary School

Gamata, San Carlos City, Pangasinan
S.Y. (2005-2011)
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CURRICULUM VITAE
________________________________________________________________
JESSIELL F. CARDINOZA
Address : 120 Tarectec, San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Contact No. : 0955-240-8211
Email-add : jessiell.mateo@gmail.com

GENDER : Female
HEIGHT : 5'2”

Pangasinan
A.Y (2018- present)
Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology

STI College San Jose
San Jose City, Nueva Ecija
SECONDARY : Muñoz National High School

Science City of Muñoz
S. Y. (2009-2013)
ELEMENTARY : Sto. Tomas ElementarySchool

San Jose City, Nueva Ecija
S. Y. (2003-2009)
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CURRICULUM VITAE
________________________________________________________________
CAREN DG. PINCA
Address : 20 Isla, San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Contact No. : 0995-923-4505
Email-add : pincarenguzman@gmail.com

GENDER : Female
HEIGHT : 5'2”

Pangasinan
A.Y (2015- present)
SECONDARY : San Luis High School

Talang, San Carlos City, Pangasinan
S. Y. (2011-2015)
ELEMENTARY : Isla Elementary School

Isla, San Carlos City, Pangasinan
S. Y. (2005-2011)
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CURRICULUM VITAE
________________________________________________________________
REMNUEL BJ V. POYAOAN
Address : 95 Bonifacio, San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Contact No. : 0935-113-7858
Email-add : remnuelbj@gmail.com
BIRTH DATE : July 20, 1998

BIRTH PLACE : Manila City
GENDER : Male
HEIGHT : 5'7”
RELIGION : Born Again Christian

Pangasinan
A.Y (2015- present)
SECONDARY : San Luis High School

Talang, San Carlos City, Pangasinan
S. Y. (2011-2015)
ELEMENTARY : Central II Elementary School

Mamarlao, San Carlos City, Pangasinan
S. Y. (2005-2011)
53

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VIRGEN MILAGROSA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

Martin P. Posadas Avenue, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, 2420, Philippines

form of investments, infrastructures and important utilities.

to help develop their jurisdiction in the hopes of increasing nation-building. But

20 years of implementation but no place is as developed as NCR. As time went by

of Provinces, Cities, Municipalities and Barangays by Region. Retrieved from

Municipalities-and-Barangays-by-Region/30 and Ateneo School of Government.

(2010). Agenda on Local Governance Reforms. Retrieved from

http://ateneo.edu/sites/default/files/local%20governance_final.pdf and University

Fernando & Gian Gonzales).

The purpose of the study is to give information in San Carlenians about

Local Government Unit (LGUs) laws and regulations. To increase awareness

among San Carlenians to know if the barangay workers/officials access

information about Local Government Code of 1991and if the barangay

workers/officials facilitate their work specifically, the delivery of quality services to

the people in the community.

Statement of the Problem

Awareness is one of the objectives that has become important component

government aspects. This component has been measured in various evaluation

Carlos City, Pangasinan.

awareness should be an integral part of implementing and developing laws and

regulations in the city.

Questions of the Study:

1. What is the level of awareness among citizens in San Carlos City in

regards with the implementation of laws and regulations?

3. Are these laws and regulations provide a better economic growth

between citizens and local officials of San Carlos City?

government and defines the powers and duties of its officials.

2. To be aware about collecting taxes in accordance with law.

3. To be aware of allocating budget process of LGU in every cities.

4. To know the transactions and operations of cities.

Significance of the Study

The researcher believes that this study entitled Awareness of San

the officials, students, citizens and future researchers.

OFFICIALS. With prompt and proper implementation of the output and

recommendations of this study the officials of every barangay would be more

barangays. To improved them become efficient and law abiding officials.

laws, rules and regulations.

STUDENTS or YOUTH. Having enough awareness regarding laws and

CITIZENS. This study is favorable mostly of the citizens of San Carlos,

FUTURE RESEARCHERS. The future researchers can use this study as

Carlenian’s awareness of Local Government Units Laws and Regulations.

The null hypotheses tested in this study are as follows:

2. There is no significant relationship between the lives of San Carlenians and

the effects of the laws and regulations.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The most relevant and selected researches were reviewed by the

Review of Related Literature

centralized politico-administrative system with most significant political and

administrative decisions concentrated in Manila. The enactment of the Code was

welcomed by most sectors of society. It radically transformed the nature of the

governments in the countryside through the devolution process. It finally

government units, including appropriate personnel, assets, equipment, programs

important political institutions in countries whose government is under the

presidential system. They play a critical role in promoting a genuine local

development (Gabriel& Gutierrez, 2017).

The Constitution of the Philippines provides for the separation of powers

enormous power in their municipalities. The executive department implements

(www.lawteacher.com, July 2018).

According to Villaluz (2004) legislative oversight is a process where the

Sanggunian (legislative body) evaluates if the ordinances it enacted are being

and not wasted.

government units’ responsibility for the delivery of various aspects of basic