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SP.195. Find:

( − )( − )⋅…⋅( − )− !
→ → ( + )

Proposed by Marian Ursărescu – Romania

Solution by Remus Florin Stanca – Romania

( − )( − ) ⋅…⋅ ( − ( )) − ! ⋅
= ( )
→ → ( + )

( − ) ⋅ …⋅ ( − ( )) − ! ( + )
( )
⋅ =
→ ( + ) ( + )
( − ) ⋅ …⋅ ( − )− !
= =
→ ( + )
( − ) ⋅ …⋅ ( − )− !
= ⋅ =
→ ( + )
( )⋅…⋅( ) !
Let = →

( )⋅…⋅ ( ) ( + )
− − − ( + )!
≻ = =
→
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( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ! ( )!
= ⋅ → + → − → (1)
( ) ( + ) ( ) ( + )
− − −
= + = + +
→ → →

− ( + ) ( + ) ( + )
+ = + + = +
→ →

( ) ( + )
− −( + )
≻ =( + ) + !⋅
→

( ) ( + ) −( + )
−
=
→

( ) ( + )+( + ) ( + ) −( + )
= =
→
( ) ( + ) ( )
+ − −
=( + ) =( + ) ⋅ + ⋅
→ →

( + ) + +
⋅ ( + )=( + ) + =( + ) ⇒
→ ( + )
⇒ =( + ) + ! ( + )( + ) = ( + ) + ( + )! ( + ) =

= → = → = ⇒ = (3)

We prove by using the Mathematical induction that

( + ) ( + )!
= ! =
⋅( )!
1. we prove that ( ): = is true

⋅ ! ( )
( )⇔ = = ⇒ ( ) is true
( )!
2. we suppose that ( ): = is true
( )( )!
3. we prove that ( + ): = is true by using the fact that ( ) is true:

=( + ) + ( + )! ( + ) ⇔
( + )!
=( + )⋅ + ( + )! ( + ) =

( + )! ( + )( + ) ( + )! ( + )
= ( + )! ( + ) + = = ⇒
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( )!
⇒ ( + ) is true ⇒ = ∀ ∈ ℕ∗ ⇒ proved
( − ) ⋅ …⋅ ( − ( )) − ! ( + )!
≻ =
→

( )
( ) +
= = = ⋅ ⋅ =
→ ( + ) → → + +

( + )( + )!
= ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ =
→ + ( + )! +
+
= ⋅ = ≻ =
→