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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
ACU
Course Instructor
Email: aisayed11@yahoo.com
Relative
Equilibrium
1 Fluid under linear motion
F ex ma
Px
P
dx
Px x
In X-D
m dxdydz P
Py dy
y mg
Pz
P
p x dydz ( p x dx)dydz dxdydz a x
x
P
We get a x
x
In Z-D
P
p z dxdy ( p z dz )dxdy dxdydzg dxdydzaz
z
P
We get (a z g )
z
In Y-D there is no acceleration
P
0
y
The total pressure variation is :
P P P
dp dx dy dz
x y z
dp a x dx (a z g ) dz
By integration between two points :
p2 p1 a x ( x2 x1 ) (a z g )( z2 z1 )
We can make point 1 as reference at free surface
where the gage pressure is zero
p g a x x ( a z g ) z (1)
Const. pressure line equation
The free surface equation where the gage pressure is equal to
zero
0 a x dx (a z g )dz
dz ax ( 2)
tan z
dx g az
x
P
Pz dz
z
Zo z 2r 2 b
Z P
2 2g
r Pr Pr
r
dr
Radial acceleration
mg
r 2
Pz
F ex ma
m drdzb
In Z-D
P
p z drb ( p z dz )drb drdzbg 0
z
P
g (A)
z
In r-D
P
pr dzb ( pr dr )dzb drdzb * r
2
r
P (B)
r
2
r
The total pressure variation is :
P P
dp dr dz
r z
dp rdr gdz
2
r 2 2
Z ( 2)
2g
1
a) at rest
p Ag 0 kpa No liquid
L2
pCg pBg 9.8 kpa
0.65
b) ax = 9.8 m/s2 & az = 0 m/s2
dz ax
tan 1 0.65
dx g az L1
45 °
The liquid will touch the top surface of the tank as shown
2 L 0.7692 * L 0.7 0
2 L 2.6 * L 0.91 0
2
z
x
p Ag a x x A (a z g ) z A A 0.4168
0
p Bg a x xB (a z g ) z B
B C
pBg 103 * 9.8 * (0.4168) 103 * 9.8 * (1.3) 16.824 kpa
pCg a x xC (a z g ) zC
pCg 103 * 9.8 * (1.3 0.4168) 103 * 9.8 * (1.3) 4.084 kpa
Not that the pressure at A is equal to the pressure at C
dz ax 4.9
tan 0.333 L
dx g a z 9.8 4.9
18.435 °
L
tan L 0.2166 kpa
0.65
The liquid will not touch the top surface of the tank
6
Prob. (2)
For what uniform rotation rate in
revolutions per minute about axis C
will the U-tube in the figure take the
configuration shown? The fluid is
mercury of specific gravity 13.6.
( r 2
r 2
B)
p A pB 2 A
g ( z A z B )
2
p A pB 0
7
(r r )
2 2 2
( z A zB ) A B
2g
2 ((0.1) 2 (0.05) 2 )
0.08
2(9.81)
14.5 rad / sec
138 R.P.M
8
Prob. (3)
The U-tube in the figure is open at A and
closed at D. If accelerated to the right at
ax
uniform , what acceleration
will cause the pressure at point C to be
atmospheric? The fluid is water.
dz ax a x g 9.81 m / sec 2
tan 1
dx g az
9
Prob. (4)
A closed, 0.4-m-diameter cylindrical tank is
completely filled with oil (S.G = 0.9) and rotates
about its vertical longitudinal axis with an angular
velocity of 40 rad/sec. Determine the difference in
pressure just under the vessel cover between a
point on the circumference and a point on the axis.
0
(r r ) 2 2
pB p A 2 B
g ( z B z A )
A
2
2 ( 0 .2 ) 0
2
pB p A 0.9 *1000 * (40) 28.8 kpa
2