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Universitas Tarumanagara ii
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena penulis telah diberi kesempatan
untuk menyusun kasus dengan judul “Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas pemeriksaan
USG mammae terhadap hasil histopatologi jaringan mammae di Rumah Sakit
Umum Daerah Ciawi periode Juli 2017 – Desember 2018”. Adapun tujuan
penulisan referat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan peneliti tentang
tingkat sensitivitas dan spesifisitas USG mammae sebagai alat diagnostik dalam
mendiagnosis tumor mammae. Pada kesempatan kali ini penulis ingin
mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:
1. Direktur Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Ciawi yang telah memberikan
kesempatan dalam kegiatan penelitian ini.
2. dr. Shofiatul Mumaiyyizah, Sp.Rad sebagai dokter pembimbing yang telah
banyak memberikan bimbingan selama penulisan penelitian ini.
3. dr. Syarifah Surbakti, Sp.Rad yang telah membantu dalam penelitian ini.
4. dr. Evalina, Sp.PA yang telah membantu dalam penelitian ini.
5. dr. Ooki Nico Junior, Sp.B(K)Onk; dr. Johan Lucas Harjono, Sp.B;
dr. Enrico, Sp.B yang telah membantu dalam penelitian ini.
Walaupun penulis mendapat berbagai kesulitan dan hambatan, tetapi berkat
bantuan, dorongan, bimbingan serta motivasi-motivasi yang diberikan oleh banyak
pihak, maka penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian ini tepat pada waktunya. Akhir
kata, semoga penelitian ini dapat memberi manfaat bagi para pembaca.
Penulis
HALAMAN JUDUL..................................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................ ii
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................. vii
ABSTRAK……………………………………………………………………………1
ABSTRACT………………..……………………………………………………………………2
1. BAB 1 ............................................................................................................ 3
1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................ 3
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................... 4
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................... 4
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ......................................................................................... 4
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ........................................................................................ 4
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................. 4
1.4.1 Bidang Akademik atau Ilmiah ................................................................ 4
1.4.2 Bidang Pengembangan Ilmu ................................................................... 4
2. BAB 2 ............................................................................................................ 5
2.1 Anatomi Payudara................................................................................... 5
2.2 Histologi Kelenjar Mammae ................................................................... 8
2.3 Tumor Mammae ..................................................................................... 8
2.3.1 Definisi Tumor Mammae........................................................................ 8
2.3.2 Epidemiologi Tumor Mammae ............................................................... 8
2.3.3 Etiologi.................................................................................................... 9
2.3.4 Fisiologi Pertahanan Tubuh .................................................................. 10
2.3.5 Patofisiologi .......................................................................................... 12
2.3.6 Diagnosis .............................................................................................. 15
2.3.6.1 Anamnesis ............................................................................................. 15
2.3.6.2 Pemeriksaan Fisik ................................................................................. 15
2.3.6.3 Pemeriksaan Penunjang ........................................................................ 16
2.3.6.4 BI-RADS & Histopatologi.................................................................... 18
2.3.7 Tatalaksana ........................................................................................... 25
2.3.7.1 Pembedahan .......................................................................................... 25
2.3.7.2 Terapi Radiasi ....................................................................................... 27
2.3.7.3 Kemoterapi............................................................................................ 27
2.3.7.4 Terapi Hormonal ................................................................................... 28
2.3.7.5 Terapi Target......................................................................................... 28
2.3.8 Prognosis ............................................................................................... 28
2.3.9 Komplikasi ............................................................................................ 28
2.4 Kerangka Teori ..................................................................................... 31
2.4 Kerangka Konsep .................................................................................. 31
3. BAB 3 .......................................................................................................... 32
3.1 Desain Penelitian .................................................................................. 32
3.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ............................................................... 32
Universitas Tarumanagara iv
3.3 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ............................................................ 32
3.4 Perkiraan Besar Sampel ........................................................................ 32
3.5 Kriteria Inklusi dan Eksklusi ................................................................ 33
3.6 Cara Kerja Penelitian ............................................................................ 33
3.6.1 Alokasi Subjek ...................................................................................... 33
3.6.2 Pengukuran dan Intervensi.................................................................... 33
3.7 Variabel Penelitian ................................................................................ 33
3.8 Definisi Operasional ............................................................................. 33
3.9 Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................................. 33
3.10 Pengumpulan Data ................................................................................ 34
3.11 Analisis Data ......................................................................................... 34
3.12 Alur Penelitian ...................................................................................... 34
4. BAB 4 .......................................................................................................... 35
4.1 Crosstab USG Mammae Dinyatakan dalam BI-RADS dan Hasil
Histopatologi Jaringan Mammae .......................................................... 35
4.2 Sensitivitas dan Spesifisitas Pemeriksaan USG Mammae Terhadap Hasil
Histopatologi Jaringan Mammae .......................................................... 35
4.3 Nilai Prediksi Positif dan Nilai Prediksi Negatif Pemeriksaan USG
Mammae Terhadap Hasil Histopatologi Jaringan Mammae ................ 36
5. BAB 5 .......................................................................................................... 37
5.1 Sensitivitas dan Spesifisitas .................................................................. 37
5.2 Keterbatasan Penelitian ......................................................................... 38
6. BAB 6 .......................................................................................................... 38
6.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................... 39
6.2 Saran ..................................................................................................... 39
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................... 40
LAMPIRAN……….. ................................................................................................ 42
Universitas Tarumanagara v
DAFTAR TABEL
Universitas Tarumanagara vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR