ME 570 Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Fall 2018

Lateral-Directional Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles

Bilkent University – Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Özgür Ateşoğlu 1

 ME 570 Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Fall 2018

Partitioning of Air Vehicle Dynamics

• When flying in a given equilibrium flight condition the Equations of Motion
(EoM) can be partitioned into 2 groups which are nominally independent.

• This means they are DECOUPLED.

• LATERAL-DIRECTIONAL MOTION concerns all motions in the lateral and

directional plane, which is the x – y plane.

• It permits motion in 3 Degrees of Freedom (3 DoF).

• LATERAL TRANSLATION

• ROTATION IN ROLL

• ROTATION IN YAW

Bilkent University – Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Özgür Ateşoğlu 2

ME 570 Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Fall 2018

Lateral-Directional Motion
FRONT VIEW

ROLL

SWAY
Lateral Motion:

UP AND SIDE VIEW

YAW

Directional Motion:

Bilkent University – Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Özgür Ateşoğlu 3

ME 570 Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Fall 2018

Lateral-Directional Motion

v(t ) : lateral velocity

p (t ) : body roll rate
r (t ) : body yaw rate
 (t ) : roll angle
 (t ) : yaw angle
 (t ) : side slip angle
 (t ) : lateral flight path angle

Bilkent University – Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Özgür Ateşoğlu 4

 ME 570 Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Fall 2018

Lateral-Directional Motion

• Here are 6 state variables that effect the motion in lateral-directional plane.

v(t )  Lateral Velocity Component at BRF.

p (t ),  (t )  Body Roll Rate and Roll/Bank Angle.

r (t ), (t )  Body Yaw Rate and Yaw Angle

yi (t )  Lateral Position.

x  v p r   y 
T
Lateral-Directional State Vector:

Bilkent University – Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Özgür Ateşoğlu 5

ME 570 Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Fall 2018

Lateral-Directional Motion

TOP VIEW
LEVEL FLIGHT

• Forward • Forward • Forward • Forward

• Left • Right • Left
• Nose Right • Nose Left • Nose Right

Bilkent University – Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Özgür Ateşoğlu 6

ME 570 Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Fall 2018

Lateral-Directional Motion

Side Force

1
FAy  (  airV ) S ref C y
2

2
FAy  Qd S ref C y
Side Force Coefficient

C y  C y ( Mach, Re,  ,  , p, q, r ,...)

Bilkent University – Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Özgür Ateşoğlu 7

ME 570 Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Fall 2018

Lateral-Directional Motion
Rolling Moment

1
M Ax  (  airV ) S ref Cl bref
2

2
M Ax  Qd S ref Cl bref

Roll Moment Coefficient

Cl  Cl ( Mach, Re,  ,  , p, q, r ,...)

Bilkent University – Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Özgür Ateşoğlu 8

ME 570 Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Fall 2018

Lateral-Directional Motion
Yawing Moment

1
M Az  (  airV ) S ref Cnbref
2

2
M Az  Qd S ref Cnbref

Yaw Moment Coefficient

Cn  Cn ( Mach, Re,  ,  , p, q, r ,...)

Bilkent University – Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Özgür Ateşoğlu 9

ME 570 Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Fall 2018

Lateral-Directional Equations of Motion

Translational Dynamics – Force Equations
v  FAy / m  FTy / m  g y  ru  pw

Translational Kinematics

y  sc u  sss  cc v  ssc  cs w

Rotational Dynamics – Moment Equations

J xx p  J xz (r  pq )  ( J zz  J yy )rq  M Ax  M Tx
J zz r  J xz ( p  qr )  ( J yy  J xx ) pq  M Az  M Tz

Rotational Kinematics

  p  q s t  r c t
  q s / c  r c / c
Bilkent University – Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Özgür Ateşoğlu 10
ME 570 Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Fall 2018

Lateral-Directional Equations of Motion

TRIMMED MOTION IN LONGITUDINAL PLANE

Translational Dynamics and Kinematics

u  ue w  we
u  0 w  0
Rotational Dynamics and Kinematics

  e q  qe
  q q  0

Bilkent University – Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Özgür Ateşoğlu 11

ME 570 Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Fall 2018

Lateral-Directional Equations of Motion

Translational Dynamics – Force Equations
v  FAy / m  FTy / m  g c e s  rue  pwe

Translational Kinematics
y  sc e ue  ss e s  cc v  ss e c  cs we

Rotational Dynamics – Moment Equations

J xx p  J xz r  M Ax  M Tx
 J xz p  J zz r  M Az  M Tz

Rotational Kinematics

  p  r cos( ) tan( e )
  r cos( ) / cos( e )
Bilkent University – Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Özgür Ateşoğlu 12
ME 570 Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Fall 2018

Lateral-Directional Equations of Motion

Nonlinear Coupled Differential Equations

v  FAy / m  FTy / m  g cos( e ) sin( )  rue  pwe
J xx ( M Ax  M Tx )  J xz ( M Az  M Tz )
p 
J xx J zz  J xz2
J xz ( M Ax  M Tx )  J zz ( M Az  M Tz )
r 
J xx J zz  J xz2
  p  r cos( ) tan( ) e

  r cos( ) / cos( e )
y  sc e ue  ss e s  cc v  ss e c  cs we

Bilkent University – Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Özgür Ateşoğlu 13

ME 570 Dynamics of Aerospace Vehicles Fall 2018

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Bilkent University – Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Özgür Ateşoğlu 14