Committed, together, to success

SPINOR®
The microcement designed for oilwell cementing,
soil & rock grouting, rehabilitation of damaged structures and
high-performance solutions
Summary
3 Spinor® at a glance
6 Main applications of Spinor®
6 - Injection of soils and rocks : dam grouting, rock
grouting, mining
11 - Rehabilitation of damaged structures
13 Recommendations
14 References

Grand Couronne (France) Metro of Barcelone (Spain)

2 | Spinor® EQIOM
Spinor®
At a glance

Applications (Ref. 1)

Purpose Material Construction Field Segment

Fine sands Underground works (1)

Consolidation Alluviums, … Foundations Soils & rocks

and stanching
Rocks (schists, etc.) Cut-off Walls

Historical monuments

Viaducts, aqueducts
Injection

Bridges
Masonries, concrete Damaged
Rehabilitation Dykes, embankments
(micro-cavities,...) structure
Sewages

Dams

Power Plant(2)

Rocks, Slurries
Consolidation and Regeneration Well (oil, gas, water) Well
(micro-cracks,...)

High performance solutions Ready-to-use or Ready-Mix products Concretes, mortars, slurries, layers, paints (3)

(1) Incl. Tunnels or covered trenchs, etc.

(2) Incl. Nuclear reactor
(3) Spinor® is used as an additive for its hydraulic properties

What is Spinor® ?
• S
 pinor® is a product range of fine to ultra-fine blast furnace
slag binders with a maximum grain size distribution from 48
µm to 6 µm. (Ref. 2 & 3)
• The 100% passing (D100-Dmax) is considered to name the
grade. For instance, all the grains of Spinor® A12 are finer than
12 µm, and the 12 µm is the coarser grain.
• Such fines and ultra-fines require dispersing agents in order to
defloculate the grains.
• A dedicated, unique manufacturing site was designed for
ultrafine binders (“UFB”) in the area of the LUMBRES’ plant
(North of France). Indeed, an ordinary process - consisting of UFB workshop of Lumbres plant.
separating fines from the production of conventional cements
- prevents from achieving an optimized and consistent quality.
• For the integrity of the constructions (well, structures, etc.),
you - as the providers of solutions and technologies - can
expect nothing less than consistency and reliability.

2 fundamental features
1. Slag based binder
2. Optimised grain size distribution
-- A grinding precision of a few microns
-- A high level of accuracy in the distribution
control of grain size
Stock of selected high blast furnace slag.

3 | Spinor® EQIOM
A wide range of particle size distributions vs. traditional cements (Ref. 2)

100

Spinor® cement
100 µm
80

60
Passing (%)

20 µm

40

16 µm

20
12 µm

0 6 µm
1 10 100
Diameter (Mesh, µm)
Spinor A6 Spinor A12 Spinor A16
Spinor A20 CEM I CEM III C

*OPC: Ordinary Portland Cement

Chemical and physical characteristics (Ref. 3)

Ultrafines
A6 A12 A16 A20
GBFS % > 80 % > 80 % > 80 % > 80 %
CaO 44 % 44 % 44 % 44 %
SiO2 31 % 31 % 31 % 31 %
Al2O3 10 % 10 % 10 % 10 %

Specific gravity (g/cm3) 2,94 2,94 2,94 2,94

Bulk density 0,60 0,70 0,70 0,80

µm µm µm µm
Diameter / passing (%)
(inf. or equal to) (inf. or equal to) (inf. or equal to) (inf. or equal to)
D100 6 12 16 20
D98 n.c. 10 14 16
D95 4 7 12 14
D85 3 5 9 11
D50 1,7 3 4 6

Laser granulometer Coulter

4 | Spinor® EQIOM
Benefits Quality and developments
• Spinor® is an hydraulic binder. It can be also used as an EQIOM commit in a continuous quality plan of the microcement
additive for complex mix-design (quality controls) and can help develop new solutions and
• Excellent durability (of grout and structures) technologies of our clients via tailored testings.
• Excellent injectability (penetration ability)
• High resistance to aggressive media Amongst a set of technical requirements , our Technical Center
• Eco-friendly (not polluting the environment, enabling the of Lesquin (France) controls notably:
durability of the hardened grout, etc.) • Injectability & penetrability (sand column, water-flow cube,
• Cost-effectiveness PTE, etc.)
• Rheological performance (very low viscosity and yield value) • Setting time and mechanical resistances
• Flexibility of use • Bleeding, filtration, etc.
• Excellent protection of steel bars in concrete
• Absence of long term segregation

Logistics information

Sack (4)

Spinor® Location Weight (kg) Pallet - Trucks (Metric Tons) Export Pallet (Metric Tons) MTO/MTS (2)

A6 Lumbres 20 0,80 0,80 MTS

A12 Lumbres 25 1,25(3)

1,00 MTS

A16 Lumbres 25 1,00 1,00 MTO

A20 Lumbres 25 1,00 1,00 MTS

Bentocem(1) Homblières 25 1,25 1,25 MTO

(1) 1 or 2 dose of Reactive Bentonite per sack of Spinor® => 2 to 4 cartons of this additive per pallet of Spinor®
(2) Made To Order (MTO), Made To Stock (MTS)
(3) Pallet size: 1,20 x 1 m x 1,15 m (height.)
(4) Palletization:
•  Export pallet (according to ISPM 15)
•  2 plastic protections
•  Wooden layer on the top (according to ISPM 15)
•  Warehousing: 3 levels

For each project (quantity, delivery time, etc.), EQIOM evaluate the most appropriate solution (truck, container, etc.) in order to
ensure the complete customer satisfaction.

5 | Spinor® EQIOM
Main applications
of Spinor®
Injection of soils and rocks

The aims of a typical injection treatment are either The injection of grouts of Spinor® A12 and Spinor® A6 are
• A soil reinforcement in order to alternatives to the injection of silicate gels in fine soils.
--Support building weight
The Spinor® grouts (namely based on Spinor® A12) are typically
--Allow digging operations
related to the following constructions:
• A soil watertight in order to
• Underground projects (tunnels, sewerage systems, …)
--Create a waterproof barrier
• Building or repair of structures (dams, bridges, viaducts, …)
--Create a waterproof area during digging operations
• Special foundations

Regarding the underground construction projects, Spinor® A12

is an option to fill the residual voids, after a first injection phase
which has been performed with suspensions of an ordinary
cement/bentonite or a coarser Spinor®.

Such an approach helps either to prevent from a likely

circulation of water or even to consolidate the soils during the
embankment or over the excavation works.

Some applications are therefore

• Soils consolidation and waterproofing
• Injection of fissures rock
London City airport (United Kingdom)
• Injection of micro or millimetric inter-annular voids (e.g.
Spinor®: the domains of injection concrete segments)
Due to its large range of grain size distribution, and enhanced • Under-slab injection
by the addition of dispersing agents (e.g. naphtalene-based
superplasticiser), the Spinor®-containing grout surpasses
the groutability of conventional Portland cement/bentonite
suspensions.
2 geotechnical parameters are considered for the prescription of
materials (Ref. 4)
• the soil permeability
• the grain size distribution of the soil

The injectability of Spinor® grouts enables the treatment of

soils which get permeability up to 10-5 m/s (Spinor® A6 grout),
10-4 m/s (Spinor® A12 grout) and 5x10-3 m/s (Spinor® A20
grout). Measures of permeability that have been carried out in
laboratory on hardened grouts (from columns of sand testings)
show a significant decrease of the permeability (e.g. decrease
from 10-4 m/s to 10-6 m/s with a Spinor® A12 grout). Metro de Barcelone (Espagne)

Injectability indicators and limits of penetrability (Ref. 4)

Sands
Gravels Silts Clays
Coarse Medium Fine
Cement
Cement/Bentonite
Bentocem®
Spinor® A20
Spinor® A16
Spinor® A12
Spinor® A6
Spinor® A6 Premium
Silicate Gels
Resin
Soil Permeability (m/s)

Grain Size Distribution of Soil (mm) 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6

4 2 0,5 0,25 0,125 0,074

6 | Spinor® EQIOM
The benefits of Spinor®
•  Resistance to aggressive water-soluble agents (sulphates,
chlorides, acids, …)
• Excellent durability, once injected, as opposed to gels
• Eco-friendly: not polluting for the environment (resistance to
leaching, absence of gas emanations, chemically stable, …), as
opposed to silicate gels and certain resins.
• Absence of long term segregation
• High penetrability enabled by its very low viscosity and yield
value
• Creation and improvement of the soil watertightness
• Convenient alternative for treatments of cracked rocks
• Cost effective compared to resins
An additional benefit of Spinor®
Corrosion
The steel is passivated in this highly alkalin contained grout, and
therefore protected to corrosion.
Moreover, the media once efficiently injected is then closed and
air-stanched.
The carbonation process (which is exhacerbating the corrosion
process and contributing to diminish the pH) is very limited or
nil.
Recommendations and performance
The addition of a superplasticizer with dispersing properties
is required to fulfill optimal performances of penetrability; this
additive indeed enables the defloculation.
It also improves the rheological properties (viscosity, yield
value,…) and the stability of the suspensions.
For special grout properties (stabilized, accelerated grouts, etc.),
specific formulations and recommendations could be provided.

The figures related to bleeding are communicated for information only, and do not indicate the results obtained after the grout injection.

Spinor® A6 - Examples of mix designs (Tab. 1)

Composition of 1 m3 grout
W/C C/W Grout specific gravity
Spinor® A6 (kg) Water (liter) Superplasticizer (kg)*

1,5 0,66 541 805 21,64 1,36

* Liquid: additive density: 1,2 – naphtalene sulfonate

The additive rate has been optimized to 4 % by weight of Spinor® A6.

Performance of Spinor® A6 – Rheology and resistance (Tab. 2)

The grouts (described in tab. 1) permeate soils consisting in sands of 0,08 to 0,215 mm (i.e. permeability of 10-5 m/s) and are able to
achieve a permeability coefficient of around 10-7 m/s.

Flow time Marsh Plastic viscosity at Free water After Gelling time*** Compressive mechanical strength
W/C C/W
cone (sec.)* t0 (mPa.s) 3 hours (%)** (hours) after 7 days (MPa)****

1,5 0,66 31 2,5 13 6 12,0

* Aperture: 4,75 mm – reference water: 27 seconds

** Measured in 1 liter testing tubes
*** According to AFTES
**** Measured on grouted sand (granulometry: 0,08 – 0,215 mm)

Spinor® A12 - Examples of mix designs (Tab. 3)

The range of use of Spinor® A12 in terms of C/W runs from 0,33 to 1. For these following compositions, the additive rate has been
optimized to 3,7 % by weight of Spinor® A12.

Composition of 1 m3 grout
W/C C/W Grout specific gravity
Spinor® A12 (kg) Water (liter) Superplasticizer (kg)*

3 0,33 300 890 11,10 1,20

2 0,50 430 845 15,91 1,29

1,5 0,66 541 805 20,02 1,37

1 1,00 754 730 27,90 1,50

* liquid: additive of density: 1,2 – naphtalene sulfonate.

7 | Spinor® EQIOM
Performance of Spinor® A12 – Rheology and resistance (Tab. 4)
The grouts (described in tab. 3) permeate soils consisting in sands of 0,1 to 0,3 mm (i.e. permeability of 10-4 m/s) and are able to
achieve a permeability reduction of around 10-6 m/s.

Flow time Marsh Plastic viscosity at Free water After Gelling time*** Compressive mechanical strength
W/C C/W
cone (sec.)* t0 (mPa.s) 3 hours (%)** (hours) after 7 days (MPa)****

3 0,33 29 2,5 25 11 6,5

2 0,50 29 2,5 14 8 8,0

1,5 0,66 30 2,5 12 6 10,0

1 1,00 31 3,0 5 5 12,0

* Aperture: 4,75 mm – reference water: 27 seconds

** Measured in 1 liter testing tubes
*** According to AFTES
**** Measured on grouted sand (granulometry: 0,1 – 0,3 mm)

Spinor® A20 - Examples of mix design (Tab. 5)

The range of use of Spinor® A20 in terms of C/W runs from 0,33 to 2,6. For these following compositions, the additive rate has been
optimized to 3,7% by weight of Spinor® A20.

Composition pour 1 m3 de coulis

W/C C/W Grout specific gravity
Spinor® A20 (kg) Water (liter) Superplasticizer (kg)*

1,5 0,67 540 798 20,00 1,37

2 0,50 425 840 15,7 1,29

* Liquid: additive of specific gravity: 1.2 - type: naphtalene sulfanate

Performance of Spinor® A20 – Rheology and resistance (Tab. 6)

The grouts (described in table 5) permeate soils consisting in sands of around 0,4 to 1,00 mm (i.e. permeability of 5x10-3 m/s) and are
able to achieve a permeability coefficient of around 5x10-5 m/s.

Flow time Marsh Plastic viscosity at Free water After Gelling time*** Compressive mechanical strength
W/C C/W
cone (sec.)* t0 (mPa.s) 3 hours (%)** (hours) after 28 days (MPa)****
1,5 0,67 31,0 3,5 26 7 10,1

2 0,50 29,9 2,7 29 7 5,7

* Aperture: 4,75 mm – reference water: 27 seconds

** Measured in 1 liter testing tubes
*** According to AFTES
**** Measured on grouted sand (granulometry: 0,6 – 1,25 mm)

Lyon - extension of metro line B (France) Tunnel de la Ramade (France)

8 | Spinor® EQIOM
Bentocem®
EQIOM has designed a new concept and solution to stabilize the Benefits
injection of grouts - with adjusted fluidity and final strength - for In addition to the main benefits of Spinor®
underground operations, civil engineering and rehabilitation. • A consistent quality of the ingredients
• The guarantee of an exact dosage on the jobsite and therefore
It consists in a set of 2 products: of the final performance
• The Binder Bentocem®: a 25kg bag of a fine slag-based special • The ability to adjust the viscosity of grouts without damaging
binder the mechanical performances (at equal dosage of binder/
• The Stabilizer Bentocem®: one or two doses in water-soluble cement)
pockets containing specially treated reactive sodic bentonites
Applications
• C
 onsolidation and waterproofing of soils with medium
porosity
• Rehabilitation of masonries
• Injection in :
--Special foundations and sewages
--Inter-annular voids
--Wedging of hulls or precast pipings
--Voids under slabs or frames
--Boring wellhead
--Dykes, wharfs, embankments
--Cracked concretes or rocks
• Construction of watertight shield
• Constructions in contact with aggressive water

Performance of Bentocem® – Rheology and resistance (Tab. 7)

The performances depend on the dosage of binder in the grouts, but are equal whatever the dose of stabilizer is. However, the
rheological caracteristics are according to the dosage of binder as well as the dosage of stabilizer (1 or 2 doses).
The performances presented here below (Tab. 7) are average results from labs at 20°C and given as an indication.

Dosage of binder, kg / m3 of grout

400 (C/W 0,46) 500 (C/W 0,6) 600 (C/W 0,75) 700 (C/W 0,92) 750 (C/W 1,01)

With 1 dose of stabilizer Bentocem® per 25 kg bag of Binder

Fluidity at cone * t0 (s) 35 ± 2 40 ± 2 46 ± 2 50 ± 2

Bleeding at 2 h (%) ≤3 ≤2 0 0

Bleeding at 24 h (%) ≤5 ≤3 ≤1 0

With 2 doses of stabilizer Bentocem® per 25 kg bag of Binder

Fluidity at cone * t0 (s) 35 ± 2 40 ± 2 47 ± 2

Bleeding at 2 h (%) ≤3 ≤2 0

Bleeding at 24 h (%) ≤5 ≤3 ≤1

Typical performances with 1 or 2 doses

7j 2 3 6 10 12
Compressive
strengths (MPa) 28 j 4,5 5 9 13 15
(4x4x16)
56 j 5 6 10 15 17

Density of slurry (theorical) 1,28 1,34 1,41 1,48 1,51

Setting time AFTES 4 to 6 hours

Duration of use Till 45 minutes

* Marsh cone, aperture 4,75 mm

9 | Spinor® EQIOM
High dosages of binder
In case of high dosages of binder (700 to 750 Kg/m3), it might be necessary to increase the fluidity of the slurry via the addition of
0,6 to 0,8 % (150 à 200 g) of PNS superplasticizer per set of Bentocem® within the mixing water.
The caracteristics are then as follows:
Dosage of binder, kg / m3 of grout
700 to 750
Fluidity at cone * t0 (s) 35 ± 2
Bleeding at 2 h (%) ≤3
Bleeding at 24 h (%) ≤5

The mechanical resistances remain equal to those of slurries without added admixtures

Designs
Dosage of binder, kg / m3 of grout

400 (C/W 0,46) 500 (C/W 0,6) 600 (C/W 0,75) 700 (C/W 0,92) 750 (C/W 1,01)

Quantity to prepare for 1 m3 of grout

Number of sets 16 20 24 28 30

Water (Liter) 850 820 792 756 741

Quantity of water to prepare for 1 set

Water (Liter) 53,1 41 33 27 24,7

Example: to make 1m3 of slurry containing 600 kg of binder per m3 24 sets of Bentocem® and 33 liters of water per set are
necessary (1 set = 1 bag of 25 kg Binder + 1 dose).

Making of grout Packaging

Define the mix design of the grout according to the frames of
performances.
The Bentocem grouts are made with similar equipments used for
OPC-containing slurries (high turbulence mixer or turbo mixer at
1.500 RPM).
1. Introduce the water quantity that corresponds to the number
of sets to be mixed.
2. T hrow the doses of additif Bentocem® in the mixer and mix
at high speed untill complete dissolution of the pockets
(1 minute).
3. Introduce the adequate quantity of Binder Bentocem® (25 kg
bags) and mix over a period of 3 minutes at high speed.
4. T hen inject the grout while keeping the mixture under low
agitation.
Binder Bentocem®: 25 kg bag, pallet of 40 bags
(covered - 1 tons)
Additif Bentocem®: dose of 750 g, box of 20 doses.
Unit of order
1 Pallet of Bentocem® = 40 bags of 25 Kg of Binder Bentocem® +
40 doses of additif Bentocem® (2 boxes).
For the grouts that require 2 doses per set, the complementary
doses of additif Bentocem® are to be ordered separately. It is
recommended to precise the number of additional boxes (box of
20 doses) at the order.

Strictly follow this sequence of introduction.

10 | Spinor® EQIOM
Main applications
of Spinor®
Rehabilitation of damaged structures

The aims of an injection treatment are either Injection recommendation

• T
 o fill cracks and porous mortars, in order to prevent from Injection masonry
infiltrations and damages of the materials, or
• To reinforce weak mortars or concretes so as to recover
normal mechanical resistances.

Hole depth = 2/3 wall thickness

D = ½ wall thickness

Injection of concrete cracks

Features & benefits

• Spinor® can fill lower porosity environment and finer micro-
cracks as opposed to ordinary cements.
• The high slag content ensures the resistance to aggressive
water soluble agents (sulphates, chlorides, diluted acids, …)
and improve the durability of the structure.
• The alcalinity of the product ensures an excellent protection of
steel bars in concrete. High-level pH = steel protection.
• The use of a micro-cement is more cost-effective than of The injection is stopped when the product comes out through
resins. the next injector, or when the limit pressure is reached.
For further technical requirements, please ask us the technical
data sheets.

11 | Spinor® EQIOM
How to choose the right product: the main criterion is the cracks width.
Aims of treatment Waterproofing Reinforcement

Cracks – discontinuity
Bentocem® Bentocem®
e = cm to dm
Cracked Rocks

Schistosity – cracks
Bentocem®, Spinor® Bentocem®, Spinor®
1 mm < e < 1 cm

Micro-cracks
Spinor® Spinor®
0,1 < e < 1 mm

To each width, an adequate grade of Spinor®

Spinor® Spinor® is an injection alternative to... When the width of cracks is > to...
A6 Resins 50 µm
A12 Gels 100 µm
A20 Gels 160 µm

12 | Spinor® EQIOM
Recommendations

Recommendations
The additives are generally put into the water before
the introduction of Spinor®.

Their dosage is expressed in mass (kg)/mass of Spinor® (kg),

that is more commonly mentioned by BWOC.

It is necessary to mix the grout over a period of 5 minutes at

least with high energy and to keep it under low agitation during
the works of injection.

Bulk supplies entail the use of waterproof and clean silos.

The handling of Spinor® requires the same care as

ordinary cement

Equipment for injection (soils and rocks) and Safety instructions

Spinor®, as a binder, is an irritant product to the eyes, respiratory
rehabilitation tract, mucuous membranes and skin, owing to the partial
All the Spinor® grouts require the same equipment on site, as
hydration and resultant high pH.
conventional cement suspensions:
• Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
• 1 high energy mixer (1 500 RPM) or turbo mixer
• Avoid breathing in the dust.
• 1 low agitation vat
• To counter flying dust, wear a suitable anti-dust mask.
• 1 grouting pump or press
• When handling the product, wear appropriate clothing
(gloves, overalls, boots, …).

In case of grout projection in the eyes or on the skin, wash with

drinkable water.

  The Safety Data Sheet is available on our website

www.eqiom.com

13 | Spinor® EQIOM
References

• Friedrichstrasse – Berlin (Germany)

• A86 Ouest – (France)
• RER Paris – Tunnel Montebello (France)
• RER Paris – Tunnel Malaquais (France)
• RER Paris – Station Eole (France)
• Metro of Barcelone (Spain)
• Metro of London – Shepherds Bush (UK)
• Kow-Loon Station (Metro of Hong Kong) 
• Metro of Vienna (Austria)
• Tunnel of Storebaelt (Denmark) 
• Dam of Puentes (Parque de Maquinaria, Spain)
• Dam of Esch Sur Sure (Luxembourg)
• Dam of Agly (France)
• Aquaduct (Agly, France)
• Mile End Canal – (London, UK) 
• Covered trench – TGV, High Speed Train (Avignon,
France)
• Mont St Michel – Ramparts & foundations (France) 
• Basilic of St Martin (Halle, Belgium)
• Castle of Counts (Gand, Belgium) 
• Bridge of Pont Neuf (Paris, France)
• Dam of L´Estany de Sant Maurici (Parc Nacional
d´Aigües Tortes - Catalunya) on the cover page

The information data described in this documentation are purely

the expression of our knowledge and laboratory test results,
carried out in a constant care of objectivity.

They cannot be considered as a guarantee or a commitment in 

case of faulty use or a different application from those described
in this document.

 

14 | Spinor® EQIOM


15 | Spinor® EQIOM
EQIOM
49, avenue Georges Pompidou
92593 Levallois Perret Cedex
T + 33 1 41 06 11 44
F + 33 1 41 06 11 46
www.eqiom.com October 2017

Our entire product range is available on sheets

and on our website www.eqiom.com

©2017 - EQIOM