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Introduction
Indiscriminate use of chemical makes the environment vulnerable to its hazardous effect.
The commonly synthetic I nsecticides used are toxic to other species and could kill non-target
species of living organism. Improper uses of chemical insecticides can cause human health
For over three decades, Philippine agriculture sector has depended and relied on
inorganic fertilizers and pesticides for food production. Because of the lack of an effective and
locally available fertilizer and pesticides technologies, the Philippines resorted to the
imporyation of 85% of the total inorganic fertilizers and more than 90% of pesticide
stagnant and limited growth of our economy. It is in this regard that bio-fertilizer and bio-
pesticides research in the country was undertaken in the late 70’s to come up with more cost-
efficient and local alternative to imported fertilizers and pesticides (Javier & Brown, 2015).
According to Fagoonee (1999), Dreye (1997), and Isman (2000), numerous plant extract
or plant-derived compounds can potentially be incorporated into an alternative and novel strategy
to control pest. Plant chemicals are selective and biodegradable, which suggest environmental
acceptability and compatibility in integrated pest management (IPM) programs as well as being
effective in resistance management. Integrated pest management (IPM) is now widely practiced
by the farmers in order to keep the balance ecosystem and reduce the use of chemicals especially
to those high value crops like rice plant resources, which are free to the farmer and, therefore,
suitable for low- input integrated pest management system extract ,essential oils from plant and
pesticide have several ecological advantages related to their inherent nature.These compounds
strategically represent the actual concern in regard to biodiversity and absence toxic of residues
the best source of food for the people. It is an erect annual herb about 15-30 cm tall invegetative
stage with ovate leave arrangened spirally and spreding can grown from low to midelivation
There are several factors affecting the growth and development of growing pechay plant.
Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) is a serious pest of cruciferous plants such as cabbage, petchay,
cauliflower, broccoli and brussels sprouts. The adult cabbage looper is a gray, mottled moth with
a characteristics white or silver “Y” mark on each looper forewing. All cruciferous plants at all
stages of growth are attacked by cabbage loopers, which are capable of completely defoliating
Thus, the researcher are promted to conduct this study to find out the effectiveness
various proportions of fermented bungarngar and kakawate extract insecticide in the control of
fermented bungarngar and kakawate extract (FBKE) will be used as botanical insecticide of the
control cabbage looper in pechay. Specifically, it seeks answers to the following questions:
looper?
This study will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of FBKE to control cabbage
3.To determine the best treatment levels in controlling the cabbage looper.
HYPOTHESIS
looper.
This study provides the importance of FBKE botanical insecticide used to control insect
pest in pechay. Specifically, this study would give insights on the potential uses on bungarngar
The farmers especially the pehay growers. For being exposed from chemical insecticides,
it may affect their health and destroy other beneficiqal organisms need ed in the ecosystem. It
may lessen also their expenses and they produce their own formulation.
The consumers. Pechay apllied with botanical is much safe to eat than those applied with
The student researchers. This study may help them to enrich their work as they conduct
research study. This may serve as their guide and provide them information and findings about
This study is limited only on the effectiveness of FBKE insecticide in the control of
cabbage looper . It covers three parameters such as total number of damage leaf, total number of
repelled cabbage looper, and mortality of cabbage looper. The variation in proportions of extract
and waterin water levels will be the indication of increasing toxicity to he cabbage looper.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The conceptual framework of this study is illustrated in the paradigm depicted in Fig. 1.
It shows the procedure that will be guided the researcher in conduct this study.
The first box contains the independent variables which is the FBKE with control and
various treatments that will be applied directly to the second box, the experimental plant or the
pechay wherein pests are priority for the application. The total number of damage leaf, total
number of repelled cabbage looper, and mortality of cabbage looper are important parameters to
In order to make readers fully understand this study, the following words are
operationally defined:
from bungarngar and kakawate through natural fermentation. In this study, bungarngar and
bungarngar and kakawate extract insecticide. This was measured in terms of manual counting.
Number of damaged leaf. This refers to the portion of leaf eaten or pierced by the larva. This was
measured to determine the degree of damage on the leaves by getting the area of size of leaves