EPOCH XT Revg PDF

EPOCH XT
User’s Manual
910-264-EN — Revision G
June 2011
Olympus NDT, 48 Woerd Avenue, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
© 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 Olympus NDT, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced, translated, or distributed without the express
written permission of Olympus NDT, Inc.
This document was prepared with particular attention to usage to ensure the
accuracy of the information contained therein. It corresponds to the version of the
product manufactured prior to the date appearing on the title page. There could,
however, be some differences between the manual and the product if the product
was modified thereafter.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
Part number: 910-264-EN

Revision G
June 2011
Printed in the United States of America
All brands are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners and
third party entities.
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Table of Contents
Labels and Symbols ........................................................................................... 1
Important Information — Please Read Before Use ..................................... 5

Intended Use .......................................................................................................................... 5
Instruction Manual ................................................................................................................ 5
Instrument Compatibility ..................................................................................................... 5
Repair and Modification ....................................................................................................... 6
Safety Symbols ....................................................................................................................... 6
Safety Signal Words ............................................................................................................... 7
Notes Signal Words ............................................................................................................... 8
Safety ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Warnings ................................................................................................................................. 8
EMC Directive Compliance .................................................................................................. 9
Warranty Information ......................................................................................................... 10
Technical Support ................................................................................................................ 10
1. Preface .......................................................................................................... 13
1.1 Product Description .................................................................................................. 13
1.2 About This Document .............................................................................................. 14
1.3 Audience .................................................................................................................... 15
1.4 If You Have Documentation Comments ............................................................... 15
1.5 Revision History ....................................................................................................... 15
1.6 Technical Help ........................................................................................................... 16
1.7 Service or Repair ....................................................................................................... 16
2. EPOCH XT Physical Features .................................................................. 17

2.1 Transducer Connections .......................................................................................... 17
2.2 Optional Hardware Input/Output Port ................................................................. 18
2.3 Pipestand/Handle ..................................................................................................... 18
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910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
2.4 Bidirectional Hand Strap ......................................................................................... 19

2.5 Battery Door and Compartment ............................................................................. 19
2.6 Computer Connection Compartment .................................................................... 20
2.7 O-Ring, Gasket, and Membrane Seals .................................................................... 20
2.8 D-Ring Clips for Chest Harness Use ...................................................................... 21
2.9 Display Protection ..................................................................................................... 21
2.10 IP 67 Environmental Rating .................................................................................... 21
3. Operating the Power Supply ................................................................... 23

3.1 Using AC Line Power ............................................................................................... 23
3.2 Using Battery Power ................................................................................................. 24
3.3 Operating Time for the Battery ............................................................................... 24
3.4 Replacing the Battery ................................................................................................ 25
3.5 Charging the Battery ................................................................................................ 25
3.6 Using C-Cell Alkaline Batteries .............................................................................. 26
4. Managing Basic Operations ..................................................................... 27

4.1 Powering Up .............................................................................................................. 27
4.2 The EPOCH XT Keypad ........................................................................................... 27
4.2.1 Adjustment Using Enter and Slewing Keys ............................................... 28
4.2.2 Direct Access Adjustment Using Parameter and F Keys .......................... 28
4.2.3 Direct Entry of Parameter Values ................................................................. 29
4.3 Summarizing Keypad Functions ............................................................................ 29
4.4 Display Arrangement ............................................................................................... 37
4.4.1 Full-Screen Display ........................................................................................ 37
4.4.2 Split-Screen Display ....................................................................................... 38
4.4.3 Display Flags and Markers ........................................................................... 39
4.5 Menu Navigation ...................................................................................................... 41
4.6 Instrument Setup Menu ........................................................................................... 42
4.6.1 General Tab ..................................................................................................... 43
4.6.2 Editable Parameters (EditPara) Tab ............................................................. 44
4.6.3 Status Tab ......................................................................................................... 46
4.6.4 Owner Information Tab ................................................................................. 46
4.7 Display Setup Menu ................................................................................................. 47
4.7.1 Color Tab ......................................................................................................... 48
4.7.2 A-scan Tab ....................................................................................................... 49
4.8 Measurement Setup Menu ....................................................................................... 53
4.8.1 EPOCH XT Measurements ........................................................................... 54
4.8.2 Meas Tab .......................................................................................................... 57
4.8.3 Gates Tab ......................................................................................................... 59
4.8.4 Options Tab ..................................................................................................... 61
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910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
5. Adjusting the Pulser/Receiver ................................................................. 63

5.1 Adjusting the System Sensitivity (Gain) ................................................................ 63
5.2 Using the AUTO–XX% Feature .............................................................................. 64
5.3 Setting Reference Gain and Scanning Gain .......................................................... 65
5.4 Pulser Adjustment .................................................................................................... 65
5.4.1 Pulse Repetition Frequency .......................................................................... 66
5.4.2 Pulser Frequency Selection (Pulse Width) ................................................. 67
5.4.3 Pulse Energy ................................................................................................... 67
5.4.4 Damping .......................................................................................................... 67
5.4.5 Test Mode ........................................................................................................ 68
5.5 Receiver Adjustment ................................................................................................ 69
5.5.1 Digital Filters .................................................................................................. 69
5.5.2 Waveform Rectification ................................................................................. 70
5.6 Custom Filter Sets ..................................................................................................... 70
6. Managing Special Waveform Functions ................................................ 71

6.1 Reject ........................................................................................................................... 71
6.2 Peak Memory ............................................................................................................. 72
6.3 Peak Hold ................................................................................................................... 73
6.4 Display Freeze ........................................................................................................... 74
7. Gates ............................................................................................................. 75
7.1 Positioning Gates 1 and 2 ......................................................................................... 75
7.2 Gate Measurement Modes ....................................................................................... 76
7.3 Taking Thickness Readings ..................................................................................... 76
7.4 Taking Echo-to-Echo Thickness Readings ............................................................. 76
7.5 Locating Flaws with an Angle Beam Transducer ................................................ 77
7.6 Measuring Signal Amplitude .................................................................................. 78
7.7 Operating in Time-of-Flight Mode ......................................................................... 80
7.8 Using the Zoom Feature .......................................................................................... 81
7.9 Gate Alarms ............................................................................................................... 81
7.9.1 Threshold Alarms .......................................................................................... 81
7.9.2 Minimum-Depth Alarm ................................................................................ 82
7.9.3 Minimum Depth Alarm with a Single Gate ............................................... 82
7.9.4 Minimum-Depth Alarm with Gate 2 Tracking .......................................... 83
7.9.5 Alarm-Condition Storage .............................................................................. 83
8. Input and Output Features ....................................................................... 85

8.1 VGA Output .............................................................................................................. 85
8.2 Analog Output .......................................................................................................... 86
8.3 Trigger Input and Output ........................................................................................ 88
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910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
9. Calibrating the EPOCH XT ...................................................................... 91

9.1 Getting Started ........................................................................................................... 92
9.2 Calibrating with a Straight Beam Transducer ....................................................... 93
9.3 Calibration with a Delay Line Transducer ............................................................ 97
9.4 Calibration with a Dual Element Transducer ..................................................... 101
9.5 Calibrating with an Angle Beam Transducer ...................................................... 106
9.5.1 Locating the Beam Index Point (BIP) ......................................................... 107
9.5.2 Verifying the Refracted Angle (Beta) ......................................................... 109
9.5.3 Calibrating for Distance .............................................................................. 110
9.5.4 Calibrating for Sensitivity ........................................................................... 114
10. Managing the Instrument Data Logger ............................................... 117

10.1 Data Logger Storage Capacity .............................................................................. 118
10.2 Data Logger Menu .................................................................................................. 119
10.2.1 Creating Data Files ....................................................................................... 119
10.2.2 Data File Types ............................................................................................. 120
10.2.3 Opening Data Files ....................................................................................... 137
10.2.4 Saving to Data Files ...................................................................................... 139
10.2.5 File Summary and Review .......................................................................... 140
10.2.6 Recalling Instrument Setups (Calibration) ............................................... 143
10.3 Reporting .................................................................................................................. 145
10.3.1 Report Header Setup ................................................................................... 145
10.3.2 Printing .......................................................................................................... 146
10.3.3 Instrument Resets ......................................................................................... 149
11. Software Features and Options ............................................................. 151

11.1 Defining Active/Inactive Options ......................................................................... 151
11.2 DAC/TVG ................................................................................................................. 153
11.2.1 Description .................................................................................................... 153
11.2.2 Option Activation and Reference Correct ................................................ 154
11.2.3 ASME & ASME-3 DAC/TVG ...................................................................... 155
11.2.4 ASME-3 DAC Setup Example .................................................................... 156
11.2.5 Gain Adjustment Options .......................................................................... 161
11.2.6 Curve Adjustment Gain—Also Called “DAC Gain” or “TVG Gain” .. 163
11.2.7 Transfer Correction ...................................................................................... 164
11.2.8 JIS DAC .......................................................................................................... 165
11.2.9 20 %–80 % DAC Option .............................................................................. 165
11.2.10 Custom DAC Curves Option ...................................................................... 166
11.2.11 TVG Table Option ........................................................................................ 169
11.2.12 TVG Table Setup ........................................................................................... 170
11.3 DGS/AVG ................................................................................................................. 173
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910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
11.3.1 Description .................................................................................................... 173

11.3.2 Option Activation ........................................................................................ 174
11.3.3 Relative Attenuation Measurement .......................................................... 179
11.4 AWS D1.1/D1.5 ........................................................................................................ 180
11.4.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 180
11.4.2 AWS D1.1/D1.5 and the EPOCH XT ......................................................... 181
11.4.3 Operating the AWS D1.1/D1.5 Software ................................................... 181
11.5 B-scan ........................................................................................................................ 185
11.5.1 Description .................................................................................................... 185
11.5.2 Choosing an Encoder and Accessories ..................................................... 186
11.5.3 Getting Started .............................................................................................. 187
11.5.4 Performing A-Scan Calibration and Setup ............................................... 187
11.5.5 Selecting a B-Scan Mode ............................................................................. 188
11.5.6 A-Scan Storage Settings .............................................................................. 193
11.5.7 Operating the B-Scan Software .................................................................. 193
11.5.8 Reviewing Depth and Distance Traveled (DT) Information .................. 195
11.5.9 Operating Minimum Depth Alarm ........................................................... 195
11.5.10 Operating Scan Speed Alarm ..................................................................... 196
11.5.11 Operating Floating Gate and B-Scan ......................................................... 197
11.5.12 Operating Echo-to-Echo Detection ............................................................ 199
11.5.13 Saving B-Scan Data ...................................................................................... 199
11.5.14 Viewing and Recalling Stored B-Scans ..................................................... 200
11.5.15 Scan Color Palette ........................................................................................ 200
11.6 Floating Gate ........................................................................................................... 201
11.6.1 Description .................................................................................................... 201
11.6.3 Operating in –6 dB Mode ............................................................................ 203
11.6.4 Operating in –12 dB Mode .......................................................................... 203
11.6.5 Using Gate Alarms ....................................................................................... 204
11.7 Advanced Filters ..................................................................................................... 205
11.7.1 Description .................................................................................................... 205
11.7.3 Filter Setup Example ................................................................................... 208
Appendix A: Cable Assembly ..................................................................... 211
Appendix B: Sound Velocities ..................................................................... 213
Appendix C: Glossary ................................................................................... 217
Appendix D: EPOCH XT EN12668-1 Technical Specifications ............. 227
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910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Appendix E: Parts List ................................................................................... 269
Index ................................................................................................................. 273
viii Table of Contents

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Labels and Symbols
Safety-related labels and symbols are attached to the instrument at the locations
shown in the following figure and described in Table 1 on page 2. If labels or symbols
are missing or illegible, please contact Olympus.
Operation
instruction label
Serial number label
Labels and Symbols 1

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Table 1 Content of the rating plate label
Operation
instruction label
Serial number
label
Contains:
The WEEE symbol indicates that the product must not be

disposed of as unsorted municipal waste, but should be
collected separately.
2 Labels and Symbols

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Table 1 Content of the rating plate label (continued)
The China RoHS mark indicates the product’s Environmental

Friendly Usage Period (EFUP). The EFUP is defined as the
number of years for which listed controlled substances will not
leak or chemically deteriorate while in the product. The EFUP
for the EPOCH XT Series has been determined to be 15 years.
Note: The Environmental Friendly Usage Period (EFUP) is not
meant to be interpreted as the period assuring functionality
and product performance.
Labels and Symbols 3

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
4 Labels and Symbols

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Important Information — Please Read Before Use
Intended Use
The EPOCH XT instrument has been designed to perform nondestructive inspections

of industrial and commercial materials.
Do not use the EPOCH XT instrument for any purpose other than its intended use,
particularly for the inspection or examination of human or animal body parts.
Instruction Manual
This instruction manual contains essential information on using this Olympus

product safely and effectively. Before use, thoroughly review this instruction manual
and use the product as instructed.
Keep this instruction manual in a safe, accessible location.
Instrument Compatibility
Only use the EPOCH XT instrument with the following ancillary equipment:
• Rechargeable lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack (PN: EPXT-BAT-L)
Important Information — Please Read Before Use 5

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
• Optional standalone external battery charger (PN: EPXT-EC)

• Charger/adaptor (PN: EP-MCA)
• Handheld portable scanner with an internal encoder (EP4/ENC)
Using incompatible equipment can result in a malfunction and/or in equipment

damage.
Repair and Modification
The EPOCH XT instrument does not contain any user-serviceable parts.
Do not disassemble, modify, or attempt to repair the instrument to prevent human

injury and/or equipment damage.
Safety Symbols
The following safety symbols may appear on the instrument and in the instruction
manual:
General warning symbol:

This symbol is used to alert the user to potential hazards. All safety messages that
follow this symbol shall be obeyed to avoid possible harm.
6 Important Information — Please Read Before Use

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
High voltage warning symbol:

This symbol is used to alert the user to potential electric shock hazards higher
than 1,000 volts. All safety messages that follow this symbol shall be obeyed to
avoid possible harm.
Safety Signal Words
The following safety symbols may appear in the documentation of the instrument:
The DANGER signal word indicates an imminently hazardous situation. It calls

attention to a procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or
adhered to, could result in death or serious personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a
DANGER signal word until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
The WARNING signal word indicates a potentially hazardous situation. It calls

attention to a procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or
adhered to, could result in death or serious personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a
WARNING signal word until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
The CAUTION signal word indicates a potentially hazardous situation. It calls

attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly
performed or adhered to, could result in minor or moderate personal injury, material
damage, particularly to the product, destruction of part or all of the product, or loss of
data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION signal word until the indicated conditions are
fully understood and met.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Notes Signal Words
The following safety symbols may appear in the documentation of the instrument:
The IMPORTANT signal word calls attention to a note that provides important
information or information essential to the completion of a task.
The NOTE signal word calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like
that requires special attention. A note also denotes related, parenthetical information
that is useful but not imperative.
The TIP signal word calls attention to a type of note that helps you apply the
techniques and procedures described in the manual to your specific needs, or that
provides hints on how to use effectively the capabilities of the product.
Safety
Before applying power to the EPOCH XT, verify that the correct safety precautions
have been taken (see the following warnings.) In addition, note the external markings
on the instrument that are described in the “Important Information — Please Read
Before Use” section.
Warnings
General Warnings
• Carefully read the instructions contained in the user’s manual prior to powering
on the instrument.
• Keep the user’s manual in a safe place for further reference.
• Follow the installation and operation procedures.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
• It is imperative to respect the safety warnings on the instrument and in the user’s
manual.
• If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the
protection provided by the equipment could be impaired.
• Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the
instrument.
• Service instructions, when applicable, are for trained service personnel. To avoid
a dangerous electric shock, do not perform any service unless qualified to do so.
For any problem or question regarding this apparatus, contact Olympus or an
authorized Olympus representative.
• Before powering on the instrument, you must connect the protective earth
terminal of the instrument to the protective conductor of the (mains) power cord.
The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a
protective earth contact. Never negate the protective action by using an extension
cord (power cable) without a protective conductor (grounding.)
• Whenever it is likely that the ground protection is impaired, you must power off
the instrument and secure it against any unintended operation.
• The instrument must be connected only to a power source corresponding to the
type indicated on the rating plate.
EMC Directive Compliance
FCC (USA) Compliance

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful
interference in which case you will be required to correct the interference at your own
expense.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
ICES-001 (Canada) Compliance

This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-001.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-001 du Canada.
Warranty Information
Olympus guarantees your Olympus product to be free from defects in materials and
workmanship for a period and conditions specified in the Olympus terms and
conditions, available at http://www.olympus-ims.com/en/terms/.
The Olympus warranty only covers equipment that has been used in a proper manner
as described in this instruction manual and has not been subjected to excessive abuse,
attempted unauthorized repair, or modification.
Inspect materials thoroughly on reception for evidence of external or internal damage

that might have occurred during shipment. Notify the carrier making the delivery
immediately of any damage, since the carrier is normally liable for damage in
shipment. Preserve packing materials, waybills, and other shipping documentation in
order to establish a damage claim. After notifying the carrier, contact Olympus for
assistance with the damage claim and equipment replacement, if necessary.
This instruction manual attempts to teach the proper operation of your Olympus
product. The information contained herein is intended solely as a teaching aid and
shall not be used in any particular application without independent testing and/or
verification by the operator or the supervisor. Such independent verification of
procedures becomes more important as the criticality of the application increases. For
this reason, Olympus makes no warranty, expressed or implied, that the techniques,
examples, or procedures described herein are consistent with industry standards nor
that they meet the requirements of any particular application.
Olympus reserves the right to modify all products without incurring the
responsibility for modifying previously manufactured products.
Technical Support
Olympus is firmly committed to providing the highest level of customer service and
product support. If you experience any difficulties when using our product, or if it
fails to operate as described in the documentation, first consult the user’s manual, and

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
then, if you are still in need of assistance, contact our After-Sales Service. The list of
Olympus After-Sales Service centers is available at http://www.olympus-
ims.com/en/service-and-support/service-centers/.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
1. Preface
The preface contains the following introductory topics:
• Product Description
• About This Document
• Audience
• If You Have Documentation Comments
• Revision History
• Technical Help
• Service or Repair
1.1 Product Description
The EPOCH XT is a high-performance, lightweight, and portable ultrasonic flaw

detector. This detector offers excellent ultrasonic performance, large dynamic range,
superior measurement resolution, a color-liquid crystal display, and an all-new user
interface. The EPOCH XT sets a new performance benchmark for portable flaw
detection and is a new instrument offering many performance, durability, and
operational enhancements when compared to previous EPOCH flaw detectors.
Enhancements include:
• Case sealed to IP67 to assure environmental durability.

• Complies with EN12668-1.
• High Performance PerfectSquare Pulser Technology — The instrument electronics
control both the leading and trailing edges of the pulse for precise width control
and excellent near-surface resolution while maintaining the superior penetration
power expected with a square wave pulser.
Preface 13
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
• A 100 % digital, high dynamic-range receiver design with unprecedented TVG

performance.
• Digital filters: Broadband, Narrowband, and High-pass filters for application
flexibility.
• Five customizable measurement-display locations for time and amplitude
measurements from either Gate 1 or Gate 2.
• New rapid parameter adjustment methods maximizing effectiveness of operator
inputs.
• Large data logger for instrument setups and inspection data. Allows operator to
use corrosion thickness-gage file types.
• USB client port for high-speed data transfer to a PC.
• USB host port for printing and for USB drive storage.
• Optional hardware I/O port for alarm outputs, trigger in/out, and encoder
compatibility.
We suggest reading through the information completely at least once with your
EPOCH XT in hand so that you can combine reading the descriptions and examples
with the actual use of the instrument. The technical specification for the EPOCH XT
flaw detector is available at: http://www.olympus-ims.com.
1.2 About This Document
This document is the User’s Manual for the EPOCH XT. This manual describes
routine tasks for operating the EPOCH XT. These tasks include:
• Operating the power supply

• Managing basic operations
• Adjusting the pulser receiver
• Managing special waveform functions
• Using the gates
• Calibrating the EPOCH XT
• Managing the data logger and data communication features
• Using software options
14 Chapter 1
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
1.3 Audience
This document is intended for any operator using the EPOCH XT. Olympus
recommends that all operators have a thorough understanding of the principles and
limitations of ultrasonic testing. We assume no responsibility for incorrect operational
procedure or interpretation of test results. We recommend that all operators seek
appropriate training prior to using this equipment. Olympus offers a full range of
training courses including Level I and Level II Ultrasonic Testing, Advanced
Detection and Sizing, and Ultrasonic Thickness Gaging. For further information
regarding training courses, contact Olympus.
While the EPOCH XT is a continuously self-calibrating instrument, you must

determine regulatory requirements. Olympus offers calibration and documentation
services. Contact Olympus or your local representative with any special requests.
1.4 If You Have Documentation Comments
Olympus is always interested in improving its documentation. We value your

comments regarding this manual and other Olympus documentation.
Complete the survey at the back of this manual and send your documentation
comments to Olympus by using one of the following methods:
• Send comments to Olympus. Attention: Technical Publications

• Contact us at: info@Olympus-ims.com.
• In all your correspondence, please include the title of the document, its part
number, release date, and the specific section upon which you are commenting.
1.5 Revision History
This document might require updating because of corrections or changes to the

product. Publication dates are updated when a change is made to the document. In
addition, the document number is also changed to reflect the revision.
The following table shows a list of revisions for this document.
Preface 15
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Table 1 Revision history
Date Issue Release version
August 2006 910-264A-EN First release
October 2006 910-264B-EN Update
January 2007 910-264C-EN Update
February 2007 910-264D-EN Update
February 2010 910-264-EN Revision F
June 2011 910-264-EN Revision G
1.6 Technical Help
For technical assistance, please contact Olympus. A list of our service locations with
full contact information is available online at: http://www.olympus-ims.com/.
1.7 Service or Repair
For calibration and repair status, call 877-225-8380.
16 Chapter 1
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
2. EPOCH XT Physical Features
The EPOCH XT has many physical features that are either completely new or
improved compared to previous EPOCH flaw detectors. It is important for the
operator to be familiar with the use and maintenance of these items.
This section covers the following topics:
• Transducer Connections
• Optional Hardware Input/Output Port
• Pipestand/Handle
• Bidirectional Hand Strap
• Battery Door and Compartment
• Computer Connection Compartment
• O-Ring, Gasket, and Membrane Seals
• D-Ring Clips for Chest Harness Use
• Display Protection
• IP 67 Environmental Rating
2.1 Transducer Connections
The EPOCH XT is supplied with either BNC or large LEMO transducer connectors.
The type of transducer connector is chosen when the instrument is ordered. If
necessary, it is possible to change the type of transducer connection at the factory for a
small charge.
While the selection of transducer connector is typically based on the operator’s

preference, it is important to note that the performance of these two connector types is
not equal. The environmental durability of the EPOCH XT depends in part on the
EPOCH XT Physical Features 17

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
connector style chosen because the BNC connectors are sealed and the large LEMO
connectors are not. The EPOCH XT’s IP 67 environmental rating is applicable to
instruments with BNC connectors only. Instruments with large LEMO connectors
have not been certified to any IP environmental rating.
2.2 Optional Hardware Input/Output Port
EPOCH XT instruments are available with an optional 16-pin LEMO hardware

input/output (I/O) port next to the transducer connections. This port serves the
following functions:
• B-scan – for details see section 11.5 on page 185

• Alarm Outputs – for details see section 7.9 on page 81 and Appendix A: on
page 211
• Trigger In/Out – for details see section 8.3 on page 88
This LEMO connection is sealed to an IP 67 environmental rating when the supplied
cap is in place (and in good condition) or when the mating connector is plugged in. If
the connector is left open then it is not sealed and liquids might enter the instrument.
Olympus offers an EPOCH XT hardware I/O cable as an accessory with the
EPOCH XT with part numbers EPXT-C-16HW-6 (6 ft.) and EPXT-C-16HW-20 (20 ft.).
2.3 Pipestand/Handle
The EPOCH XT has a new pipestand/handle design chosen for its light-weight,
compact design, durability, and ease of adjustment. To adjust the position of the
pipestand/handle, the ball-detent mechanisms that locate the pipestand/handle allow
the position to be adjusted simply by pulling on the lower part of the
pipestand/handle.
The pipestand/handle is removable. This requires a 0.5 in. Crescent wrench to remove
the locator pins on both sides of the instrument. Once these have been removed, you
can slide the pipestand/handle out of the ball-detent mechanisms and then replace
them with the locator pins. This arrangement allows to use the D-rings for a chest
harness and removes the weight of the pipestand/handle.
18 Chapter 2
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
2.4 Bidirectional Hand Strap
The EPOCH XT has been designed with a bidirectional hand strap so that the
instrument can be held in the operator’s left or right hand. There are three mounting
points for the hand strap on the instrument: left, right, and bottom-center. The
bottom-center point should not need to be adjusted except for the removal or
replacement of the hand strap.
To reverse the hand strap

1. Peel back the outer leather area that is held with Velcro to the adjustment strap
and the center leather section.
2. Peel the adjustment strap upward to remove it from the center leather section.
3. Replace the outer leather section now that the adjustment strap has been
removed.
4. Gently pull the adjustment strap downward to remove it from between the pin
and the body of the instrument.
5. Pull the adjustment strap under the instrument and around to the opposite-side
pin and place it between the pin and body of the instrument in the upward
direction.
6. Peel back the outer leather area (formerly the inner leather area).
7. Adjust the hand strap to a comfortable position by pulling the adjustment strap
and sliding the leather section.
8. Attach the adjustment strap to the center leather section and close the other
leather section over the adjustment strap.
2.5 Battery Door and Compartment
The EPOCH XT battery door allows you to quickly access the battery compartment
without the need for tools. There are two quick-release buttons on the battery door
(on the left when looking at the back of the instrument). To open the door, these
buttons must be pressed fully and released, then the door can be slid out to the left. It
is important to do this carefully to avoid damaging the four plastic tabs that hold the
right side of the door in place.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
When returning the battery door to its place, these steps are reversed. It is important
to slide the door all the way to the left before attempting to re-engage the quick
release connectors. You must also take care to keep the battery door seal in place or
the instrument’s environmental seal could be damaged causing malfunctions.
The battery door also has a small hole that is covered on the inside by an
environmentally sealed membrane vent. This vent is a safety feature that is required
in the event that the instrument battery fails and emits gas. There is also a sticker on
the outside of the battery door explaining that this location contains a membrane vent.
This vent must not be punctured because it is part of the instrument’s environmental
seal.
The EPOCH XT has been designed to accept three battery types: lithium ion, nickel
metal hydride, or alkaline C-Cells. The instrument is supplied with a foam block to
help hold C-Cell type batteries in place, but this is not required for their use.
2.6 Computer Connection Compartment
On the lower-right side of the EPOCH XT there is a door that covers all of the
instrument’s office-type connections. The door has an integral O-ring seal to keep
liquids away from the unsealed connections behind the door. These connections are
the AC adaptor input, USB client port, and USB host port.
The computer connection compartment is held in place by two thumb screws. You can
also use a hexagonal wrench to manipulate these thumb screws as needed.
2.7 O-Ring, Gasket, and Membrane Seals
The EPOCH XT contains seals that are used to protect the instrument’s internal
hardware from the environment. These include:
• Battery door seal

• Computer connection compartment seal
• Membrane vent
• The main O-ring seal between the top and bottom halves of the case
• The O-ring seal under the transducer connector plate
• The gaskets located in the transducer connector plate assembly
20 Chapter 2
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
These seals must be maintained to assure environmental durability. Instrument seals

are evaluated and replaced as needed during the instrument’s annual calibration. This
should be performed by an authorized Olympus service center.
2.8 D-Ring Clips for Chest Harness Use
The EPOCH XT has four D-ring clips that can be used as mounting points for a chest
harness. These D-ring clips have been mounted at ruggedized locations to ensure
their integrity and prevent instrument damage. If a chest harness is being used, then
you must use all four points to support the weight of the instrument. You must not
expect that two D-rings can reliably support the instrument.
The D-rings can be removed if they are not required. The mounting points do not
penetrate the instrument case, so the instrument’s seal rests intact without the D-rings.
2.9 Display Protection
All EPOCH XT gages are shipped from the factory with a clear plastic sheet
protecting the instrument display window. It is advised that the operator leave this
sheet in place. Replacements are available in packages of ten with part number
EPXT-DP.
The display window in the EPOCH XT is permanently bonded to the upper half of the
instrument case to fully seal the instrument. If the display window becomes
damaged, the entire upper half of the case must be replaced along with the
instrument keypad.
Olympus also offers a rubber protective case with an integrated (and replaceable)
plastic display shield. Contact Olympus or your local representative for more
information.
2.10 IP 67 Environmental Rating
The EPOCH XT has been designed to provide customers with an extremely rugged
and durable instrument that can be used in harsh environments. In order to classify
the instrument’s durability in wet or damp environments, many manufacturers,
including Olympus, have adopted the IP (Ingress Protection) system to rate how well
the instrument is sealed.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
The EPOCH XT has been tested to the requirements of IP 67 environmental rating. All
instruments ordered with BNC transducer connectors are designed to meet this level
of ingress protection when they leave the factory. In order to maintain this level of
protection, the operator is responsible for the proper care of all routinely exposed
seals, O-rings, membranes, etc. (discussed in section 2.7 on page 20). Additionally,
you are responsible for returning the instrument to an authorized Olympus service
center each year to ensure that the instrument seals are properly maintained.
Olympus cannot guarantee any level of ingress protection performance once the
instrument seals have been manipulated. You must use sound judgment and take
proper precautions before exposing the instrument to harsh environments.
22 Chapter 2
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
3. Operating the Power Supply
This chapter contains sections describing how to operate the EPOCH XT using
different power supply options. The topics are as follows:
• Using AC Line Power

• Using Battery Power
• Operating Time for the Battery
• Replacing the Battery
• Charging the Battery
• Using C-Cell Alkaline Batteries
3.1 Using AC Line Power
AC line power is supplied by means of the charger/adaptor (part number EP-MCA).

The EP-MCA has a universal AC power input, so it operates with any line voltage
from 100 VAC to 120 VAC or 200 VAC to 240 VAC and with 50 Hz to 60 Hz line
frequency.
To use AC line power

1. Connect the power cord to the charger/adaptor unit and to an appropriate line
power source.
Operating the Power Supply 23

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Use only the AC power cord supplied with the EPOCH XT. Do not use this AC power
cord with other products.
2. Open the sealed Computer connection compartment on the right side of the
EPOCH XT.
3. Connect the DC output power cable from the charger/adaptor to the charger/AC
adaptor input jack inside the door (top connection).
4. Turn on the EPOCH XT using the keypad.
5. Proceed with normal operation.
3.2 Using Battery Power
The EPOCH XT is offered with the choice of lithium-ion (Li-ion) or nickel metal
hydride (NiMH) batteries. Alkaline C-Cell batteries can also be used. All EPOCH XT
instruments have been designed to accept these three battery types without any
modifications or adjustments.
The battery-life symbol is always present at the upper-right corner of the instrument
display. The battery indicator contains five bars to communicate the remaining
battery life. Each bar represents 20 % of life remaining: 5 bars equals 100 %, 4 bars
equals 80 %, and so on. The battery indicator is accurate after 5 to 10 minutes of use.
3.3 Operating Time for the Battery
Battery operating time depends on the type of battery being used, the age of the
battery, and the instrument settings. In order to provide realistic battery operating
times, we have tested the EPOCH XT with mid-level operating parameters: pulse
energy 200 V, pulse frequency (width) 5.00 MHz, PRF 500 Hz, and display brightness
50 % (default setting). The nominal battery operating times for new batteries are:
• Li-ion: 9—10 hours

• NiMH: 4—5 hours
• C-Cell: 1—2 hours
24 Chapter 3
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
It might take several cycles of complete charging and discharging of the battery to
bring the battery to full capacity. This conditioning process is normal for these types
of rechargeable batteries.
3.4 Replacing the Battery
The EPOCH XT charger/adaptor is designed to charge EPOCH XT batteries only. Do

not attempt to charge any other batteries. Doing so might cause an explosion and
injury. Do not attempt to charge other electronic equipment. This will cause
permanent damage.
To replace the EPOCH XT battery, follow the steps in section 2.5 on page 19 of this
manual. Be careful to avoid any damage to the door seal or membrane vent. The
battery should be removed by pulling the top of the battery away from the
instrument.
To insert a new battery, put the top of the battery in first to assure proper connection
with the instrument and then drop the bottom of the battery into the compartment.
The battery door should be returned to its place with care as described in section 2.5
on page 19.
3.5 Charging the Battery
The EPOCH XT battery can be charged internally using the EP-MCA charger/adaptor
or externally using the optional standalone battery charger with part number
EPXT-EC.
To charge the battery internally, you must open the computer connection
compartment and plug in the EP-MCA charger/adaptor. The battery charges when the
instrument is ON or OFF, but the charge rate is slower when the instrument is ON.
Operating the Power Supply 25

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
When the EPOCH XT is connected to AC power and powered ON, the battery
indicator displays a lightning bolt symbol instead of the standard indicator with
5 bars showing the remaining battery life.
You can also choose to use the external battery charger, EPXT-EC, to charge one
battery, while using another in the instrument. For more information regarding this
external charger, contact Olympus or your local sales representative.
If the battery is used daily (or frequently), connect it to the charger/adaptor when not
in use. Whenever possible, the battery should remain connected to the EP-MCA
charger/adaptor (overnight or over a weekend), so that it achieves 100 % full charge.
The battery must reach full charge on a regular basis for proper capacity and cycle-life
maintenance.
Recharge discharged batteries as soon as possible after use. Give a full recharge, as
described above.
Never place discharged batteries in storage without a full recharge.
Store batteries in a cool and dry environment. Avoid long-term storage under sunlight
or in other excessively hot places such as an automobile trunk. While in storage, fully
recharge batteries at least once every two (2) months.
3.6 Using C-Cell Alkaline Batteries
EPOCH XT instruments are shipped with the positive and negative contact points
inside the battery compartment for housing standard alkaline C-Cell batteries. These
batteries cannot be recharged using the EP-MCA charger/adaptor.
The EPOCH XT also ships with a foam block that can be inserted to hold C-Cell
batteries in place when the battery door is removed. This foam block is not required
for C-Cell battery use.
The EPOCH XT automatically recognizes that alkaline C-Cell batteries are being used.
No special settings or adjustments are required. When the EPOCH XT is using
Alkaline C-Cells, the symbol ALK appears in the place of the battery meter-level icon.
26 Chapter 3
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
4. Managing Basic Operations
This chapter describes how to get started with the basic EPOCH XT operation. Topics
are as follows:
• Powering Up
• The EPOCH XT Keypad
• Summarizing Keypad Functions
• Display Arrangement
• Menu Navigation
• Instrument Setup Menu
• Display Setup Menu
• Measurement Setup Menu
4.1 Powering Up
Pressing the [ON/OFF] key causes an initial beep. The instrument’s startup screen
appears. The instrument then goes through a series of self-tests for 45 to 60 seconds
and then starts up.
4.2 The EPOCH XT Keypad
The keypad functions have been grouped and color-coded according to function.
Most major instrument setup parameters can be accessed by pressing the
corresponding key or by pressing [2ND F] and the corresponding key.
Managing Basic Operations 27

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
The most commonly used keys on the keypad ([GAIN], [FREEZE], [SAVE], [ENTER],
[MEAS/RESET], and the arrows) are located in a group next to the operator’s left
thumb. This arrangement is similar to the EPOCH 4 series and EPOCH LT.
The keys on the right side of the keypad that are surrounded by the gray line, are used
for access to their setup parameters as labeled and also as an alphanumeric keypad.
The top row of keys are the [F1] through [F5] software function keys used for direct
access to various parameter settings.
There are three methods for adjusting the instrument setup parameters in the
EPOCH XT:
• Adjustment using the [ENTER] and slewing keys

• Direct access adjustment using the parameter keys and F keys
• Direct entry of parameter values
4.2.1 Adjustment Using Enter and Slewing Keys

These keys can be used to control all instrument functions that appear on the main
screen. The [ENTER] key toggles from one setup parameter to the next and then
cycles through them again. By pressing [2ND F] then [ENTER], you can go back one
setup parameter.
Each setup parameter can be adjusted with the left and right or down and up arrow
keys. For most parameters, left and right provide a fine adjustment and the down and
up provide a coarse adjustment. This new feature has been developed to allow a more
rapid adjustment of parameters.
4.2.2 Direct Access Adjustment Using Parameter and F Keys

Most commonly used parameters have their own assigned key or a second function
position on the instrument keypad. These keys are a “direct access” to the given
parameter. This method allows operators to quickly locate and activate a given
instrument function for adjustment. Once a parameter has been selected, you can
adjust its value using the slewing keys as described in section 4.2.1 on page 28 or by
using the preset function [F1]–[F5] keys on the top of the instrument keypad. The
function keys appearing below preset the values used for the selected parameter.
28 Chapter 4
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
4.2.3 Direct Entry of Parameter Values

The EPOCH XT rapid parameter adjustment method is called direct entry. This
method should be used when you know the exact value to use for a selected
parameter. To execute a direct entry of a value, press the appropriate parameter key,
press the [ALPHA/NUM] key, enter the parameter value on the instrument’s
alphanumeric keys, and then press [ENTER].
To set the instrument range to 650 mm (an example)

1. Press the [RANGE] key.
2. Press the [ALPHA/NUM] key.
3. Type 6,5,0 on the alphanumeric keypad.
4. Press [ENTER].
4.3 Summarizing Keypad Functions
The EPOCH XT is available with five different keypads. The most common are the
English keypad and the international keypad. Chinese and Japanese versions are also
available. The white keypad is the same as the English keypad but with a different
color palette. It was designed to reduce internal unit temperature in extremely hot
environments.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure 4-1 The EPOCH XT English keypad
30 Chapter 4
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure 4-2 The EPOCH XT international keypad
Table 2 Keys
English Intl Color Function
BLUE Adjusts system sensitivity.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Table 2 Keys (continued)
BLUE Locks reference gain level and allows

scanning gain to be used.
GRAY Accesses instrument setup menu to

control operator preferences, local
settings, clock, startup screen setup,
and provides instrument status
information.
GRAY Accesses setup area for measurement

boxes, gate setup, and software
option setup.
GRAY Accesses setup menu for the

instrument display and A-scan
appearance.
GRAY Toggles between full-screen display

mode and split-screen display mode.
32 Chapter 4
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
BLUE Display freeze holds the displayed

waveform until [FREEZE] is pressed
again.
PURPLE Saves instrument measurements,

setup parameters, and A-scans to
selected file and ID.
PURPLE [MEAS/RESET] is a general purpose

key to get back to the live
measurement screen. Can be used to
escape from menus and to accept
parameter adjustments.
PURPLE [ENTER] moves from one parameter

to the next and also accepts parameter
adjustments.
RED [GATES] allows you to control both

instrument gates on screen.
RED [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS)

activates threshold or min. depth
alarms for both instrument gates.
ORANGE [PULSER] toggles through pulser

parameters.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
ORANGE [RCVR] toggles through receiver

parameters.
RED [PEAK MEM] allows to continuously

accumulate peak envelope data with
the live waveform.
RED (PEAK HOLD) Allows to capture the

A-scan while viewing live waveform
on top of the captured A-scan.
YELLOW [CAL] initiates the EPOCH XT

auto-calibration feature.
YELLOW [ZERO] adjusts the instrument’s

calibrated zero position.
YELLOW (ZOOM) zooms in to Gate 1 Width.
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910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
YELLOW Adjusts the instrument’s material

sound velocity.
YELLOW Displays linear reject
YELLOW Adjusts the instrument’s range

according to the sound velocity
setting.
YELLOW Display delay that does not affect the

calibrated Zero Offset.
YELLOW Adjustment for refracted angle within

the test material. Used for the angle
beam sound path calculator.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
YELLOW Adjusts part thickness settings. Used

for the angle beam sound path
calculator.
BLUE With [ID] you can manually enter or

adjust an ID within the currently
active file.
BLUE Accesses the instrument’s data logger.
BLUE [ALPHA/NUM] begins direct entry of

parameter values on the live screen.
BLUE Print function allows to print directly

to compatible USB printers (PCL5).
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910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
4.4 Display Arrangement
The EPOCH XT main screen can be displayed in two different modes: split-screen and
full-screen A-scan views. The split-screen display simultaneously shows the live
A-scan, measurements, and all instrument setup parameters. The full-screen A-scan
display shows a large A-scan, measurements, and the active setup parameter (based
on the operator’s selection).
When the EPOCH XT is powered on and has completed its self test procedure, the
split-screen view opens to allow you to review the setup parameters.
To switch between the split-screen and full-screen A-scan displays, press [2ND F], then
[DISPLAY SETUP].
4.4.1 Full-Screen Display

The full-screen A-scan display presents a large, high-resolution A-scan, up to five
user-selected measurements, time base information, the gain setting, the velocity
setting, and the active parameter, as selected by the operator.
Top of the screen

• The filename, ID, measurements, battery indicator, and units (metric, US or
Imperial, µs) are constantly displayed.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
• The measurement boxes are customized by you, the operator. Each of the
measurement locations (up to 5) displays a symbol that lets you know what
type of measurement is being displayed.
Middle of the screen

• The A-scan waveform is displayed.
• A grid is typically displayed behind the A-scan. You can choose between
several grid modes based on application needs and/or preference.
• Gate measurement icons are displayed on the right side of the screen. These
icons tell you the measurement mode for each gate and also flash when an
alarm is triggered.
• On the right side of the display and below the gate measurement icons, the
instrument displays flags and markers that notify you when options are
active, when [FREEZE] is active, and other such conditions.
Bottom of the screen

• Delay (Dly) and Range (Rng) always appear under the A-scan. These tell you
where in time the display window begins and ends.
• Gain (Ref) and Velocity (Vel) are always displayed.
• The active function (if not Dly, Rng, Gain, or Vel) is displayed.
• Preset values for the selected instrument parameter are displayed on the
bottom of the screen.
4.4.2 Split-Screen Display

The split-screen display presents a condensed waveform along with all instrument
setup parameters. This screen is useful when establishing the initial instrument setup
as it enables a quick check of all setup information and allows to rapidly adjust while
viewing the live A-scan.
38 Chapter 4
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
The instrument setup parameters have been arranged into three main columns. The
left column contains calibration settings. The center column contains pulser settings
and can be directly accessed using the [PULSER] key. The right column contains
receiver information and can be directly accessed using the [RCVR] key. Gate settings
are displayed below these three columns of setup parameters.
4.4.3 Display Flags and Markers

To indicate when particular display functions are active, the EPOCH XT displays a set
of flags, or markers, to the right of the A-scan display. Table 3 on page 39 shows these
flags and provides a description of each.
Table 3 Display flags and markers
Flag Description
This indicates that the [2ND F] key has been pressed.
Gate 1 is in Peak Measurement mode.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Table 3 Display flags and markers (continued)
Flag Description
Gate 2 is in Peak Measurement mode.
Gate 1 is in Edge (or Flank) Measurement mode.
Gate 2 is in Edge (or Flank) Measurement mode.
Gate 1 is in First Peak Measurement mode.
Gate 2 is in First Peak Measurement mode.
[PEAK MEM] is active.
[2ND F] [PEAK MEM] Peak Hold (Ref Echo) is active.
Display [FREEZE] is active.
The Recall Freeze is active. Press [MEAS/RESET] to deactivate.
(ZOOM) is active.
The gate alarm has been triggered. Flashes on and off alternating
with gate measurement indicator.
40 Chapter 4
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Table 3 Display flags and markers (continued)
Flag Description
DAC/TVG is active.
DGS/AVG is active.
AWS D1.1/D1.5 is active.
Manual B-scan mode is active.
Unidirectional B-scan mode is active.
Bidirectional B-scan mode is active.
Battery life indicator when running on battery power.
Battery indicator when running on AC adaptor.
4.5 Menu Navigation
The three setup menus in the EPOCH XT have been designed to permit a rapid access
to important instrument setup functions. All of these menus share a general
navigation philosophy using the [ENTER] key and the up, down, left, and right arrow
keys. The menus themselves are constructed with tabs, sublevel tabs, control groups,
and parameters.
Tabs – These are used for group-related functions within a setup menu. When you
enter a menu, there is a row of tabs running across the top of the screen. Use the left
and right arrow keys to select the desired tab. Once the proper tab has been
highlighted, press the [ENTER] key to enter the tab.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Sublevel tabs – In some of the tabs that you select, there are other subgroups of tabs.
These tabs run vertically from the top to the bottom of the display. The OPTIONS tab
in the [MEAS SETUP] menu and the EditPara tab in the [INSTR SETUP] menu are
examples of this. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the desired sublevel tab.
Once the proper sublevel tab has been highlighted, press the [ENTER] key to enter the
sublevel tab.
Control Groups – The parameters inside a tab are organized into control groups
containing related functions. These control groups are surrounded by a box to divide
one control group from another. You must use the [ENTER] key to move from a tab to
the first control group, then the next control group. When the last control group in a
tab is active and press the [ENTER] key, the instrument highlights the tab again. You
can also use [2ND F], [ENTER] to move back one control group.
Parameters – Parameters are found within the control group. When you select a
control group with the [ENTER] key, the instrument automatically selects the first
parameter in the group. Use the up and down arrow keys to select a parameter and
the left and right arrow keys to adjust the parameter value. In some cases the
parameter does not have fixed selections, and you can use the alphanumeric keys to
manually enter text or values.
4.6 Instrument Setup Menu
The EPOCH XT Instrument Setup menu contains functions that set up the instrument
according to local requirements and based on your user preferences. This menu also
allows you to lock instrument functions if required, check the status of the
EPOCH XT, and edit the instrument startup screen with your company information
(Owner Info).
There are four individual tabs in the Instrument Setup menu. When the menu is
accessed, the first tab, General, is highlighted. Use the left and right arrow keys to
move from one tab to the next. To enter a selected tab, press the [ENTER] key. Once
the tab has been accessed, use the [ENTER] key to move from one control group to the
next and the arrow keys to select and adjust parameters.
To exit the instrument setup menu, press [MEAS/RESET] or the [INSTR SETUP] key.
42 Chapter 4
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
The [MEAS/RESET] key can be used to exit any EPOCH XT menu at any time. This
key returns to the live screen from any location within the instrument’s user interface.
4.6.1 General Tab
• Pulser
• Square – Standard tunable square wave pulser.
• Spike – Locks the pulser to a narrow width to allow to use with all
transducers. This setting is used to simplify the instrument setup when
the performance advantages of the tunable pulser are not required.
• Filter Group
• Standard – Standard accesses the standard instrument filters when you
press the [RCVR] key on the live screen.
• Other Filter Groups – Olympus produces other custom filter groups
based on customer requirements. These can be selected here. When an
alternative filter group is selected, you are only able to use the custom
filters when the [RCVR] key is pressed on the live screen.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
• Language – Standard languages: English, Spanish, French, German, Italian,

Japanese, Chinese, Russian, Korean, Norwegian, Swedish, and Custom
language.
• Key Beep – When active, the instrument beeps whenever a key is pressed.
• Alarm Beep – Toggles the alarm horn on and off.
• All Lock – When active, this function locks all keys other than [2ND F],
[DISPLAY SETUP], and [ON/OFF]. A padlock symbol appears on the live
screen when this function is active.
• Cal Lock – When active, this function locks the following keys: [GAIN],
[CAL], [ZERO], [RANGE], [VEL], [ANGLE], [PULSER], and [RCVR].
• Temp Cal – Used to select the automatic or manual temperature calibration.
• Locale – Used to select the global location. The instrument uses this
information to properly format numeric displays (radix) and the date.
• Date –Sets the instrument date.
• Time – Sets the instrument time.
4.6.2 Editable Parameters (EditPara) Tab
Editable parameters are standard on all EPOCH XT instruments. With this feature
you can customize the values that appear above the function [F1]–[F5] keys for the
setup parameters below. These items are listed as sublevel tabs, and each contains 1–3
control groups with parameters.
44 Chapter 4
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
• Gain
• Gain Step – Universal setting for the coarse (up and down arrows) and fine (left
and right arrows) gain adjustment
• Reject
• Zero Offset
• Freq (Frequency) – Pulse-width setting
• Vel (Velocity)
• Rng (Range)
• Dly (Delay) – Display delay
• Angle
• Thickness
• AutoXX – Customizable value for the AUTO–80 % feature discussed in chapter 5
on page 63 of this manual
Parameters that contain text, such as rectification, cannot be adjusted. Also,

parameters that are limited by hardware and/or software constraints, such as
damping, cannot be adjusted.
To setup the editable parameters

1. Press the [ENTER] key to select the EditPara tab.
2. Use the up and down arrow keys to select a sublevel tab for the parameters to be
adjusted.
3. Press the [ENTER] key to move to the control group and then use the up and
down arrow keys to select the parameter to be adjusted.
4. Press the left and right arrow keys to adjust the setting.
5. Press the [ENTER] key to move to the next control group or to the sublevel tabs.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
4.6.3 Status Tab
The instrument Status tab provides you with useful information related to
internal-temperature, battery capacity, and hardware/software versions. This
information might be used by Olympus to help support the product.
4.6.4 Owner Information Tab
46 Chapter 4
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
The owner information screen (Owner Info) tab allows you to customize the
EPOCH XT startup sequence. At the end of the startup sequence there is a splash
screen where the information entered here appears. This is typically used to enter the
instrument owner’s company information and contact information. An example is
shown below.
4.7 Display Setup Menu
The EPOCH XT Display Setup menu contains functions that control the EPOCH XT’s
display appearance. These functions include color scheme, display brightness, and
A-scan appearance.
There are two individual tabs in the Display Setup menu. When the menu is accessed,
the first tab Color is highlighted. You can use the arrow keys to move from one tab to
the next. To enter a selected tab, you must press the [ENTER] key. Once the tab has
been accessed, use the [ENTER] key to move from one setting to the next and the
arrow keys to adjust settings.
To exit the Display Setup menu, you should press [MEAS/RESET] or the [DISPLAY
SETUP] key.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
The [MEAS/RESET] key can be used to exit any EPOCH XT menu at any time. This
key returns you to the live screen from any location within the instrument’s user
interface.
4.7.1 Color Tab
With the Color tab you can set the display brightness and choose the color scheme for
the instrument. There are four color-scheme choices:
• Factory – Use of full color display for an interesting outdoor presentation

• EL Display – Similar in appearance to electroluminescent displays
• Outdoor – White background with dark text to maximize visibility in sunlight as
shown above
• Monochromatic – Black, white, and grey monochromatic colors
When you select a color scheme, the instrument displays an example of the color
scheme within the tab.
It is important to note that the display brightness can greatly affect the instrument’s
battery life. The default brightness setting is 50 %.
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910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
The gradient is a color fading option behind all parameters and text when viewing the
A-scan display. This can be turned on or off based on the your preferences.
Scan Palette settings are for use with the EPOCH XT B-scan option. Please see section
11.5 on page 185 regarding the B-scan software option for more information.
4.7.2 A-scan Tab
The A-Scan tab is used to modify the appearance of the EPOCH XT’s A-scan to meet
application needs or your preferences.
The available settings are listed below:
• Live A-Scan Display

• Outline – The live A-scan is drawn as a single line.
• Filled – The A-scan outline is filled in with the A-scan’s color (except in
RF mode). This helps to increase visibility in certain lighting conditions.
• Envelope Display – This setting affects the appearance of A-scans and Peak
Envelopes that are captured with the Peak Hold and Peak Memory functions.
Peak Hold captures a single reference A-scan, and the live A-scan is displayed

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in the foreground. Peak Memory tracks the highest peak on the live A-scan
and draws an envelope across the peak positions.
• Outline – Captured A-scans and Peak Envelopes are drawn as a single
line.
• Filled – Captured A-scans and Peak Envelopes are filled.
• X-Axis Grid Mode – The EPOCH XT has four display modes for the X-Axis
grid. These four settings are designed to provide you with a convenient
display mode for the application. The modes and examples are shown below:
• Grid Off – No grid lines are displayed. 0–10 appear along the bottom of
the A-scan.
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• Standard – 10 equally spaced grid lines.
• SoundPath – 5 equally spaced grid lines with sound path values.

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• Leg – Up to 4 grid lines showing sound path legs (half paths) based on
part thickness and angle.
• Y-Axis Grid Mode – The EPOCH XT always measures amplitude up to 110 %
full-screen height. You can choose to display the Y-Axis on the A-scan display
from 0–100 % or from 0–110 % FSH. Examples are shown below:
• 100 % Grid
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• 110 % Grid
• Basement Break – This feature modifies the appearance of the EPOCH XT’s
A-scan in fullwave rectified mode. When Baseline Break is active, the
instrument locates all zero cross points in the RF waveform and forces the
fullwave rectified mode to display these zero cross points by pulling the
A-scan to the baseline. This feature helps you to see small defects that are
close to the back surface of the test piece, especially at large ranges.
4.8 Measurement Setup Menu
The EPOCH XT Measurement Setup menu allows you to choose how the EPOCH XT
takes and displays measurements. Use this menu to select which measurements to
display for the application, to choose how the gates perform their measurements, and
to set up special measurement features and options such as DAC/TVG and DGS/AVG.
There are three individual tabs in the Measurement Setup menu. When the menu is
accessed, the first tab (Meas) is highlighted. You must use the left and right arrow
keys to move from one tab to the next. To enter a selected tab, you must press the
[ENTER] key. Once the tab has been accessed, you can use the [ENTER] key to move
from one control group to the next, the up and down arrow keys to select parameters
within a control group, and the left and right arrow keys to adjust parameters values.
To exit the Measurement Setup menu, you should press the [MEAS SETUP] key.

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The [MEAS/RESET] key can be used to exit any EPOCH XT menu at any time.
Pressing this key returns the display to the live screen from any location within the
instrument’s user interface.
4.8.1 EPOCH XT Measurements

The EPOCH XT can display up to five (5) measurements on the live screen. You have
the ability to choose which measurements to display in each of the five measurement
locations. The measurement locations are shown in the screen below.
Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Reading 4 Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Reading 4

Reading 5
If you choose to leave measurement location #5 OFF in the Measurement Setup menu,
then the instrument displays measurement #4 in large numerals. If measurement #5 is
turned ON, then location #4 is split in half horizontally to accommodate both
measurements. Measurement location #5 is typically used to display specialized
measurements for DAC/TVG, DGS/AVG, or AWS D1.1 defect sizing, but it can be
used for any measurement as needed.
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The EPOCH XT is capable of making several types of measurements using either

Gate 1 or Gate 2. The two gates are completely independent of each other unless you
choose to take an echo-to-echo measurement. The list of available measurements and
their icons from the live screen are shown in Table 4 on page 55.
Table 4 Measurements and icons
Measurement Icon Description
Gate 1 THICKNESS Thickness in Gate 1. Not used with Angle.
Gate 2 THICKNESS Thickness in Gate 2. Not used with Angle.
Gate 1 SOUNDPATH Sound path (Angular) distance in Gate 1.

DISTANCE
Gate 2 SOUNDPATH Sound path (Angular) distance in Gate 2.

DISTANCE
Gate 1 DEPTH TO Depth to reflector in Gate 1. Used with Angle.

REFLECTOR
Gate 2 DEPTH TO Depth to reflector in Gate 2. Used with Angle.

REFLECTOR
Gate 1 SURFACE Horizontal distance to reflector in Gate 1. Used

DISTANCE with Angle.
Gate 2 SURFACE Horizontal distance to reflector in Gate 2. Used

DISTANCE with Angle.
Gate 1 SURFACE DIST – Horizontal distance minus X-value (distance

X VALUE from beam index point to front of wedge) in
Gate 1. Used with Angle.
Gate 2 SURFACE DIST – Horizontal distance minus X-value (distance

X VALUE from beam index point to front of wedge) in
Gate 2. Used with Angle.
Gate 1 MINIMUM Minimum Depth in Gate 2. Resets on gate

DEPTH adjustment, most pulser/receiver adjustments,
and on press of [MEAS/RESET] key.

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Table 4 Measurements and icons (continued)
Gate 2 MINIMUM Minimum Depth in Gate 2. Resets on gate

Gate 1 MAXIMUM Maximum Depth in Gate 1. Resets on gate

Gate 2 MAXIMUM Maximum Depth in Gate 2. Resets on gate

Gate 1 CURRENT Amplitude measurement in Gate 1. Displays

AMPLITUDE as % of full-screen height (FSH).
Gate 2 CURRENT Amplitude measurement in Gate 2. Displays

AMPLITUDE as % of full-screen height (FSH).
Gate 1 MAX Maximum Amplitude in Gate 1. Resets on gate

AMPLITUDE adjustment, most pulser/receiver adjustments,
Gate 2 MAX Maximum Amplitude in Gate 2. Resets on gate

Gate 1 MIN Minimum Amplitude in Gate 1. Resets on gate

Gate 2 MIN Minimum Amplitude in Gate 2. Resets on gate

Gate 1 AMP TO CURVE Amplitude measurement in Gate 1. Displays

echo height as a percentage of DAC/TVG
curve height.
Gate 2 AMP TO CURVE Amplitude measurement in Gate 2. Displays

echo height as a percentage of DAC/TVG
curve height.
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Table 4 Measurements and icons (continued)
Gate 1 DB TO CURVE Amplitude measurement in Gate 1. Displays

echo dB value compared to curve height where
the curve equals 0 dB.
Gate 2 DB TO CURVE Amplitude measurement in Gate 2. Displays

echo dB value compared to curve height where
the curve equals 0 dB.
Echo-to-Echo (Gate 2 - Gate 2 thickness minus Gate 1 thickness

Gate 1) (echo-to-echo measurement).
AWS D1.1/D1.5 WELD D rating calculated for the gated echo.

RATING (D)
FLAT BOTTOM HOLE Flat-bottom hole (FBH) size (equivalent

SIZE (FBH) reflector size) for DGS/AVG evaluation.
OVERSHOOT (OS) Overshoot value in dB comparing echo height

to DGS/AVG curve.
4.8.2 Meas Tab

The first control group in the Meas tab allows you to select the Auto or Manual
measurement selection. In the Auto selection, the relevant measurements are
automatically displayed based on the type of inspection and setup parameters (for
example, straight beam, angle beam, AWS, B-scan). When Auto measurement mode is
selected, you cannot access the second control group in the tab. When the Manual
measurement mode is selected, use the second control group in the tab to choose
which measurements to display and in which location to display them on the live
screen. This tab is shown below.

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The third control group in the Meas tab contains several settings that can affect the
measurements taken by the EPOCH XT. Descriptions of these settings are shown
below:
• Unit – Select from Inches, Millimeters, or Microseconds.

• Amp Resolution – You can select the number of decimal places to be displayed
for amplitude measurements. The EPOCH XT measures amplitude to 0.25 % FSH
(x.xx). You may change this to 0.5 % (x.x) or 1 % (x) if desired.
• X Value – This is the distance from the Beam Index Point on a wedge to the front
of the wedge. When using “Gate 1 Surface Dist – X Value” or “Gate 2 Surface Dist
– X Value” measurements, this number is the correction that is used for the
displayed measurement.
• Outer Dia. – User entered value for Curved Surface Correction calculations.
• TH Resolution – You can select the number of decimal places to be displayed for
thickness measurements (x, x.x, x.xx, x.xxx).
• Calibration – The EPOCH XT allows you to perform an angle beam calibration
using the Sound Path reflector or the Depth to a reflector as the known reference.
• Curved Surface Correction (CSC) – This is a standard feature on all EPOCH XT
instruments. This feature is used when inspecting with an angle beam transducer
on a surface that is curved in the direction of the sound path. This feature corrects
the horizontal distance and depth to reflector measurements based on part
thickness and outer diameter. This function currently works on the outer
diameter only.
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• Trigger – Choose between Internal, External, and Single. For most applications,
this setting should be left on “Internal.”
4.8.3 Gates Tab
The Gates tab allows you to set up measurement modes for Gate 1 and Gate 2. Gate 1
and Gate 2 can be used independently as required by you, or Gate 2 can track the echo
in Gate 1 allowing Gate 1 to act as an interface gate. The selections within the Gates
tab are detailed below:
• Gate1 Measurement Mode and Gate2 Measurement Mode: The EPOCH XT

permits three different measurement modes for each gate. The three modes are
Peak, First Peak, and Edge (also known as FLANK). The following screens show
examples of the three modes:

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Peak Measurement
First Peak Measurement
Edge (Flank) Measurement
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• Gate1 RF Setup and Gate2 RF Setup: When the EPOCH XT rectification is set to
RF, you have three choices for Gate Positioning: Positive, Negative, or Dual Gate.
In Positive mode, the gate appears above the baseline. In Negative mode, the gate
appears below the baseline. In Dual Gate mode, the gate is mirrored above and
below the baseline.
• Gate1 % Amp Measurement and Gate2 % Amp Measurement: When the
measurement mode for either Gate1 or Gate2 is set to Edge, you can select First
Peak or Highest Peak measurement mode for the % Amplitude measurement.
(First Peak and Highest Peak modes are explained above.)
• Gate2 Tracking: This is typically used for taking echo-to-echo thickness
measurements. You can set up Gate 1 and Gate 2 on the display with a specific
distance between Gate1 and Gate2 Start.
4.8.4 Options Tab

The Options tab allows you to set up software features and options such as
DAC/TVG, DGS/AVG, AWS D1.1/D1.5, B-scan, Floating Gate (FGate), and Advanced
Filters. Details regarding these software features/options are found in chapter 11 on
page 151 of this manual. The Options tab is shown in the screen as follows:

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5. Adjusting the Pulser/Receiver
This chapter describes how to adjust the EPOCH XT’s Pulser/Receiver. The topics are
as follows:
• Adjusting the System Sensitivity (Gain)

• Using the AUTO–XX% Feature
• Setting Reference Gain and Scanning Gain
• Pulser Adjustment
• Receiver Adjustment
• Custom Filter Sets
5.1 Adjusting the System Sensitivity (Gain)
To adjust the system sensitivity

1. Press [GAIN].
2. Use one of the three adjustment methods to adjust the gain setting:
• Arrow Keys – Up and down for coarse adjustment; left and right for fine
adjustment.
• Function Keys – Jump to preset values defined in the Editable Parameters tab
(EditPara).
• Direct Entry – Press the [ALPHA/NUM] key, enter the desired gain value on
the keypad, and then press [ENTER].
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The total system sensitivity is 110 dB.
5.2 Using the AUTO–XX% Feature
The AUTO–XX% feature was formerly known as the AUTO–80 % feature in the
EPOCH 4 Series. The default setting for AUTO–XX% in the EPOCH XT is 80 %
full-screen height (FSH). Using the EditPara feature described in section 4.6.2 on
page 44 in this manual, you can adjust the value to meet the application needed. In the
remainder of this section, AUTO–XX% is described as AUTO–80 % for simplicity.
The AUTO–80 % feature is used to quickly adjust the instrument’s gain (dB) setting to
bring the gated peak echo to 80 % FSH. AUTO–80 % is especially useful for bringing
the echo from a reference indication to 80 % FSH to establish the instrument’s
Reference Gain Level (see section 5.1 on page 63).
You can use the AUTO–80 % feature to bring an echo to 80 % FSH in either Gate 1 or
Gate 2.
To use AUTO–80 % with Gate 1

1. Press the [GATES] key.
2. Use the arrow keys or the direct entry method to position the gate over the
desired echo. It is not necessary for the echo to break the gate threshold.
3. Press [F5]. The highest peak within the gate is brought to 80 % FSH automatically
by adjusting the instrument’s gain setting.
To use AUTO–80 % with Gate 2

1. Press the [GATES] key twice. This selects Gate 2.
2. Use the arrow keys or the direct entry method to position the gate over the
desired echo. It is not necessary for the echo to break the gate threshold.
3. Press [F5]. The highest peak within the gate is brought to 80 % FSH automatically
by adjusting the instrument’s gain setting.
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You can use AUTO–80 % when an echo exceeds the desired amplitude. The echo can
be either above or below 80 % FSH. If a signal is very high in amplitude (above 500 %
FSH), it might be necessary to activate the AUTO–80 % function more than once. To
do this, simply press the [F5] key again.
5.3 Setting Reference Gain and Scanning Gain
To establish the current system gain as the reference (base) level, press [2ND F], [GAIN]
(REF GAIN). This is useful for inspections that require the establishment of a
reference gain level and then the addition or subtraction of scanning gain.
After accessing the reference gain function, the gain display reads: REF XX.X + 0.0 dB.
You can now add or subtract scanning gain as needed, independent of the reference
level.
To add scanning gain, use the up and down arrow keys for coarse adjustment (default
6.0 dB) and the left and right arrow keys for fine adjustment (default 0.1 dB).
While using the reference gain and scanning gain, the following functions are also
available:
• [F1] (Add) key – Adds the scanning gain to the reference gain and deactivates the
reference gain feature.
• [F2] (Scan dB) key – Toggles the scanning gain from the active level to 0.0 dB
(reference level) allowing a direct amplitude comparison to the reference
indication.
• [F3] (Off) key – Exits the reference gain function without adding the scanning
gain to the base instrument gain.
5.4 Pulser Adjustment
The pulser settings in the EPOCH XT are accessed by pressing the [PULSER] key on
the instrument keypad. Alternatively, you may press the [ENTER] key as needed to
reach the pulser parameter settings. The pulser setup parameters are:

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• Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)

• Pulser frequency selection (pulse width)
• Pulse energy
• Damping
Pressing the pulser key multiple times accesses the functions listed above, in the same
order.
5.4.1 Pulse Repetition Frequency

Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is a measure of how often the transducer is being
pulsed by the electronic circuitry in the EPOCH XT. PRF is typically adjusted based
on the test method or test piece geometry. For parts with long sound paths, it is
necessary to lower the PRF to avoid wrap-around interference that results in spurious
signals on the display. For applications with rapid scanning, it is often necessary to
use a high PRF rate in order to assure that small defects are detected as the probe
moves past the part.
The EPOCH XT allows you to adjust the PRF from 10 Hz to 1000 Hz in steps of either
10 Hz (fine adjustment with left and right arrow keys) or 50 Hz (coarse adjustment
with up and down arrow keys). You may also use the direct entry method to set the
PRF.
When the PRF setting is selected, you can press the [F1] (Optimum) key. The
instrument selects the optimal PRF for the instrument range (Rng) setting. This
optimum setting is for typical applications. It might be necessary for you to adjust
from this optimum setting for certain applications.
The EPOCH XT is a “single-shot” instrument. This means that the instrument

acquires, measures, and draws the complete A-scan with each pulse rather than using
multiple acquisitions to construct a full waveform. The measurement rate in the
EPOCH XT is always equal to the PRF rate unless you are using a multiplexer.
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5.4.2 Pulser Frequency Selection (Pulse Width)

Pulser Frequency Selection, which sets the Pulse Width, is applicable only when the
Pulser Square selection is active in the General tab of the [INSTR SETUP] menu. This
frequency selection is designed to tune the square wave pulser to obtain the best
performance from the transducer being used. In general, the best performance is
achieved by tuning the Pulser Frequency as close to the center frequency of the
transducer being used as possible.
Actual results can vary due to the test material and/or variation in the
transducer-center frequency. It is recommended trying various settings with a
transducer and test piece to maximize the ultrasonic performance.
5.4.3 Pulse Energy

You can adjust the pulse energy from 50 V to 475 V in increments of 25 V. Because of
this flexibility in adjustment, you only use the necessary level of energy to perform
the test while also providing a very high-power pulser for the most difficult materials.
To maximize instrument battery life and transducer life, it is recommended that you
use lower energy settings when the application permits it. For most applications, the
energy setting does not need to exceed 200 V.
5.4.4 Damping
The damping control lets you optimize the waveform shape for high resolution
measurements by using an internal resistive circuit. There are four damping settings:
• 50 Ω
• 63 Ω
• 150 Ω
• 400 Ω

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Generally, the lowest ohm setting increases the system damping and improves
near-surface resolution, while the highest ohm setting decreases system damping and
improves the instrument penetration power.
Selecting the correct damping setting fine tunes the EPOCH XT in order to operate
with a particular transducer selection. Depending on the transducer being used, the
various damping settings either improve near-surface resolution or improve the
instrument’s penetration power.
To select a damping option

1. Press [PULSER] to access the damping parameter.
2. Use the function keys for direct access, or the up and down keys to toggle through
the four available damping selections.
5.4.5 Test Mode

The EPOCH XT can operate in three test modes:
Pulse-Echo: Single element transducers are used, and can be connected to either
transducer connector.
Through: Two separate transducers are used, typically on opposite sides of the test
specimen. The right connector is marked “T/R” and is designated as the transmitter.
The left connector is marked “R” and is designated as the receiver.
Dual (Pitch and Catch): One Dual transducer containing two elements is used; one
element acts as a transmitter, the other as a receiver. The right connector is marked
“T/R” and is designated as the transmitter. The left connector is marked “R” and is
designated as the receiver.
To select a test mode

1. Press [PULSER] to access the test mode parameter.
the three selections.
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To compensate for the one-way sound path in Through mode, the EPOCH XT does
not divide transit time by two when calculating thickness measurements.
5.5 Receiver Adjustment
The receiver settings in the EPOCH XT are accessed by pressing the [RCVR] key on
the instrument keypad. Alternatively, you may press the [ENTER] key as needed to
reach the receiver parameter settings. The receiver setup parameters are:
• Digital filters
• Waveform rectification
Pressing the receiver key multiple times accesses the functions listed above in the
same order.
5.5.1 Digital Filters

The EPOCH XT has a total instrument bandwidth of 26.5 MHz at –3 dB. The
instrument has several broadband, narrow-band, and high-pass digital filter settings.
These settings provide the dynamic range (dB) required by EN12668-1 and also
improve the instrument’s signal-to-noise ratio by filtering out unwanted high and/or
low frequency noise outside of the test frequency spectrum.
The Digital Filter setting is accessed by pressing the [RCVR] key on the instrument
keypad. The available settings are:
• 2.0 MHz to 21.5 MHz (broadband 1)

• 0.2 MHz to 10.0 MHz (broadband 2)
• 0.2 MHz to 1.2 MHz
• 5.0 MHz to 15.0 MHz
• 8.0 MHz to 26.5 MHz (high-pass)

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In most cases, you should select either a broadband filter or a narrowband filter that
covers the frequency of the transducer being used. For example, with a 5 MHz
transducer you should use either one of the broadband settings or the 1.5 MHz to
8.5 MHz setting. Due to the shifting of the frequency spectrum in most materials, it
might be necessary to adjust the filter settings to maximize instrument performance.
Every material is different, therefore you must optimize the receiver settings based on
the application.
If the Advanced Filters option has been activated on the EPOCH XT, the additional
filter options appear in the list of filters. Please refer to chapter 11 on page 151 for
more information.
5.5.2 Waveform Rectification

The EPOCH XT can operate in one of four different rectification modes:
• Full-wave
• Half-wave positive
• Half-wave negative
• RF (unrectified)
The RF mode is not active while operating in DAC mode or when using the Peak
Memory feature.
To select a waveform rectification mode

1. Press [RCVR] once to display the current screen rectification. This is highlighted
and displayed at the bottom of the screen.
the different waveform rectification modes.
5.6 Custom Filter Sets
As discussed in section 4.6.2 on page 44 of this manual, the EPOCH XT is capable of

storing custom filter sets that are developed by Olympus at a customer’s request. For
more information, contact Olympus.
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6. Managing Special Waveform Functions
This chapter describes how to manage special waveform functions. The topics are as
follows:
• Reject
• Peak Memory
• Peak Hold
• Display Freeze
6.1 Reject
The Reject function eliminates unwanted, low-level signals from the display. The
Reject function is linear and adjustable from 0 % to 80 % FSH. Increasing the reject
level does not affect the amplitude of the signals above the reject level.
The REJECT function can be used in RF Display mode.
To access the REJECT function

1. Press [2ND F], [VEL] (REJECT).
2. Use the function keys, arrow keys, or the direct entry method to set the reject
level.
The reject level is displayed as a dashed horizontal line on the instrument display (or
two lines in the case of the RF Display mode) as shown in the screens below.
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REJECT 0 % REJECT 15 %
6.2 Peak Memory
The Peak Memory function enables the display to capture and store, on the screen,
the amplitude of each display point. The display updates each pixel if a signal of
greater amplitude is acquired. When a transducer is scanned over a reflector, the
signal envelope (echo dynamic as a function of transducer position) is held on the
screen. In addition, the current, live waveform is displayed at the appropriate place
within the echo envelope.
This function is useful when it is necessary to find the peak from an indication during
an angle beam inspection.
An example is shown as follows:
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The [PEAK MEM] function cannot be activated in the unrectified, RF display mode.
To activate Peak Memory

1. Press [PEAK MEM]. A P symbol appears at the right side of the display to
indicate that the function is active.
2. Scan over a reflector to acquire the echo envelope.
3. Press [PEAK MEM] again to turn off the peak memory function.
6.3 Peak Hold
The Peak Hold function is similar to Peak Memory in that it captures the current
screen that is displayed on the EPOCH XT when the function is accessed. The
difference is that with Peak Hold, the captured waveform is frozen on the screen and
does not update even if the live waveform exceeds the frozen waveform’s amplitude.
Peak Hold is useful when you want to obtain a waveform from a known sample and
compare it to a waveform from an unknown test piece. Similarities and/or differences
in the waveforms can be noted to help determine the unknown material’s
acceptability status.
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To activate Peak Hold

1. Obtain an echo on the EPOCH XT screen that you want to capture.
2. Press [2ND F], [PEAK MEM] (PEAK HOLD). This captures the screen and still
allows to view the live waveform. A PH appears on the right side of the A-scan
display indicating that the function is active.
3. Select the captured waveform to view as a single trace by pressing [F1], or as a
filled-in trace by pressing [F2].
4. Press [2ND F], [PEAK MEM] (PEAK HOLD) again to shut off the Peak Hold
function.
6.4 Display Freeze
The Display Freeze function holds or freezes the information on the screen at the
moment the [FREEZE] key is pressed. Once Freeze is activated, the pulser/receiver of
the EPOCH XT becomes inactive and does not acquire any further data. An F symbol
appears on the right side of the screen indicating that the function is active.
This function is useful when storing waveforms as it holds the current A-scan
allowing the transducer to be removed from the test piece. Once the display is frozen,
you can use a variety of instrument functions.
These include:
• Gate Movement – Used to position the gate(s) over area(s) of interest to obtain
measurement data.
• Gain – Used to amplify signals of interest or to reduce the amplitude of signals
when high scanning gain values are being used.
• Range, Delay, and Zoom – The EPOCH XT time base can be manipulated to focus
on areas of interest. The total instrument range can not be increased.
• Data logger
• Printing
When Freeze is active, the following parameters cannot be accessed/changed:
• Zero (Offset)
• Range (cannot be increased)
• Pulser/Receiver settings other than Gain
To disable Freeze and return to normal operation, press [FREEZE] again.
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7. Gates
This chapter describes how to use the gates in the EPOCH XT. The topics covered are
as follows:
• Positioning Gates 1 and 2

• Gate Measurement Modes
• Taking Thickness Readings
• Taking Echo-to-Echo Thickness Readings
• Locating Flaws with an Angle Beam Transducer
• Measuring Signal Amplitude
• Operating in Time-of-Flight Mode
• Using the Zoom Feature
• Gate Alarms
7.1 Positioning Gates 1 and 2
The EPOCH XT has two independent flaw gates. Both gates can be used to take
thickness measurements with straight beam transducers, sound path measurements
with angle beam transducers, measure signal amplitude, measure time-of-flight in
microseconds, or to trigger threshold and minimum-depth alarms. The gates can also
be used together to take echo-to-echo thickness measurements.
Gate Positioning is controlled using the [GATES] key.
To access the Gate 1 controls, press [GATES] once. You can then use the [ENTER] key
or the [F1]-[F3] keys to access Gate Start (G1St), Gate Width (Wd), and Gate Level
(Lv). The [F5] key controls the AUTO–XX% function discussed in section 5.2 on
page 64 of this manual.
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To access the Gate 2 controls, press the [GATES] button twice. If Gate 2 is not turned
on, you can press the [F4] key to turn it on and then use the [ENTER] key or the [F1]–
[F3] keys to access Gate Start (G2St), Gate Width (Wd), and Gate Level (Lv). The [F5]
key controls the AUTO–XX % function discussed in section 5.2 on page 64 of this
manual.
To adjust the position of a gate, you must access the appropriate gate function and use
the arrow keys or the direct-entry method to move the gates. The up and down arrow
keys are used for a rapid adjustment in coarse increments and the left and right arrow
keys are for a fine adjustment.
7.2 Gate Measurement Modes
See section 4.4.3 on page 39 in this manual for details regarding the three
gate-measurement modes available for each gate (Peak, First Peak, and Edge).
7.3 Taking Thickness Readings
To take a thickness reading with Gate 1

1. In [MEAS SETUP] > Meas tab – Select Gate 1 Thickness as one of the active
measurements in the 5 measurement display locations. Typically, this would be
displayed in measurement location 4, and location 5 would be turned off.
2. In [MEAS SETUP] > Gates tab – Set up the Gate 1 Measurement mode to Peak,
First Peak, or Edge as required by the application.
3. On the live screen – Position Gate 1 over the echo of interest. The echo does not
need to break the gate for Peak measurements. It must break the gate for First
Peak or Edge measurements.
To take a thickness reading with Gate 2, the previous steps are the same but the Gate 2
controls are used and the Gate 2 Thickness Measurement must be selected.
7.4 Taking Echo-to-Echo Thickness Readings
You can take echo-to-echo thickness measurements with the EPOCH XT whenever it
is required for an application. This is a standard feature in the EPOCH XT.
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To take an echo-to-echo thickness measurement

1. In [MEAS SETUP] > Meas tab – Select Gate 2-1 as one of the active measurements
in the 5 measurement display locations. Typically this is displayed in
measurement location 4, and location 5 is turned off.
2. In [MEAS SETUP] > Gates tab – Set up Gate 1 and Gate 2 measurement modes to
Peak, First Peak, or Edge as required by the application. These modes are
typically the same for both gates, but not required.
3. On the live screen – Position Gate 1 over the first echo of interest and Gate 2 over
the second echo of interest. The echo does not need to break the gate for the peak
measurements. It must break, however, the gate for First Peak or Edge
measurements.
You can choose to activate Gate 2 Tracking in the [MEAS SETUP] menu > Gates tab.
As discussed in section 4.4.3 on page 39 of this manual, this function allows Gate 2
Start to track the position of an echo in Gate 1 in order to maintain the preset blanking
period between Gate 1 Start and Gate 2 Start.
7.5 Locating Flaws with an Angle Beam Transducer
During an angle beam inspection, you can obtain accurate and reliable sound path
information using the EPOCH XT’s high-resolution distance calculator.
If a refracted angle is entered into the EPOCH XT and you have chosen Sound path,
Surface Distance, and Depth measurements to be displayed in the measurement
display locations (or put the measurement mode in Auto), then the instrument
automatically displays all angular sound path components once you place the gate
over the echo of interest (see following screen).
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Amplitude Depth Surface distance Sound path
Leg indicator
The sound path leg indicator is displayed in the lower-right corner of the instrument
display. It is created using the following information in this order: gate number (1),
“L” (which stands for leg), and the sound path leg (2). Examples: 1L2 means “Gate 1
Leg 2”, 2L2 means “Gate 2 Leg 2”. In order to properly display the sound path leg and
the depth to reflector, you must enter the proper part thickness. This is accomplished
by pressing [2ND F], [ANGLE] (THICK) and entering the value.
The screen also displays the sound path leg as part of the A-scan grid. This is set up in
the [DISPLAY SETUP] menu > Ascan tab as detailed in section 4.7.2 on page 49 of
this manual.
7.6 Measuring Signal Amplitude
When estimating the discontinuity size, the instrument is adjusted so that a particular
gain setting and screen height represent the echo amplitude produced by a known
size reflector in a reference standard. In general, a signal with a smaller amplitude can
indicate a smaller reflector and a signal with higher amplitude can indicate a larger
reflector than the reference standard.
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To measure the signal amplitude, you must select either Gate 1 Current Amplitude or
Gate 2 Current Amplitude as a displayed measurement in the [MEAS SETUP] menu
> Meas tab depending on which gate is to be used for the measurement.
The EPOCH XT can also display Min amplitude and Max amplitude measurements
for each gate. If you wish to use these measurements for inspection, they can be
activated as well. These measurements track the minimum and maximum
measurements in the gate and are reset by adjusting the gate, gain, pulser/receiver, or
by pressing the [MEAS/RESET] key.
The Gate Measurement Mode affects how the EPOCH XT measures signal amplitude:
• Peak mode:
• Amplitude measurement is made on highest peak in gate.
• Signal does not have to break gate threshold.
• First Peak mode:
• Amplitude measurement from first peak in gate
• Signal must break gate threshold.
• Edge mode:
• Amplitude measurement from highest peak in gate
• Signal must break gate threshold.
Once you have set up the displayed measurements and the gate measurement modes,
you need to position the gate over the echo of interest. The echo-amplitude
measurement(s) is then displayed. The following screen shows some amplitude
measurements along with a part thickness to reflector measurement (defect depth).
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Current Max Min

amplitude amplitude amplitude Thickness
7.7 Operating in Time-of-Flight Mode
The EPOCH XT is capable of displaying time-of-flight (TOF) sound path data for an
echo that breaks Gate 1 or Gate 2. Time-of-flight is the location of the reflector in
terms of microseconds (µs).
When the time-of-flight mode is activated by going to the [MEAS SETUP] menu >
Meas tab > Unit = “µs”, all distance measurements in the EPOCH XT are displayed in
microsecond values instead of inches or millimeters.
Time-of-flight mode does not divide the reading by two. The entire time-of-flight
through the test piece in both directions, is displayed.
As a reminder, when taking thickness measurements, the EPOCH XT must divide the
product of material velocity and time-of-flight by two in order to calculate the
thickness of the part. If this is not done, then the unit would display twice the actual
thickness because the sound energy passes through the part twice.
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7.8 Using the Zoom Feature
To zoom in on an indication, position Gate 1 over the area of interest and press [2ND F],
[RANGE] (ZOOM). The instrument automatically uses screen delay to bring the
point that corresponds to the gate start to the left side of the screen and also adjusts
the displayed range to match the gate width. The new range equals the unzoomed
gate width. The lowest achievable value of the expanded range is equivalent to the
minimum range of the instrument at the current material-velocity setting.
Zoom is especially useful in certain flaw detection applications. For example, when
detecting branches of cracking such as intergranular stress-corrosion cracking
(IGSCC), your job can be complicated by the geometry of the test specimen and also
by the specific characteristics of the defect itself. In instances where the pipe
counterbore is close to the weld root, it is possible to have three signals that all appear
quite close to each other (the weld root, the counterbore, and the crack itself). Use the
Zoom function to improve the visual resolution of the EPOCH XT display so that each
individual signal can be more easily identified.
When evaluating a crack signal, your attention is usually focused on the leading edge
of an indication. By observing the number and location of small peaks along the
leading edge of the signal, it is possible to make some assumptions regarding the
presence and location of different branches of cracking. Use the Zoom function to get
a much more detailed view of an indication and to make better judgements regarding
flaw location and depth.
Zoom is useful when inspecting particularly large or thick components when detail is
lost due to using long-screen ranges. Use the Zoom function to look at small sections
of the test piece without disturbing the instrument’s original calibration.
7.9 Gate Alarms
The EPOCH XT features a variety of alarm configurations for Gate 1 and Gate 2. In RF
mode, these alarms can be used in Positive, Negative, or Dual Gate modes. The three
types of gate alarms are Positive Threshold, Negative Threshold, and Minimum
Depth.
7.9.1 Threshold Alarms

Threshold alarms can be set on Gate 1 and/or Gate 2.
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To set a threshold alarm on Gate 1

1. Press the [GATES] key and use the Start, Width, and Level parameters to
position the gate over the desired area.
2. Press [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS). The alarm options are now displayed above
the function keys.
3. Press [F2] for positive logic or [F3] for negative logic. A positive logic alarm is
triggered when a signal breaks the gate threshold. A negative logic alarm is
triggered when a signal drops out of the gate threshold. Gate 1 and Gate 2 can
both be set to either positive or negative logic.
When you set a threshold alarm on Gate 1 or Gate 2, the appearance of the tick marks
at the end of the gate change. For positive logic alarms, the tick marks point upward
and for negative logic alarms they point downward.
To setup a threshold alarm on Gate 2, you must follow the steps above with the
exception of pressing [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS) twice to access Gate 2 alarms.
To deactivate an alarm, access the gate alarm control and press [F1].
7.9.2 Minimum-Depth Alarm

The EPOCH XT is equipped with a minimum-depth alarm that is triggered whenever
the current thickness reading falls below an operator-defined level. The minimum
depth alarm can be used either with a single gate or with two gates in Echo-to-Echo
Measurement mode.
7.9.3 Minimum Depth Alarm with a Single Gate

Minimum depth alarms can be set on either Gate 1 or Gate 2.
To set a minimum depth alarm on Gate 1

1. Press the [GATES] key and use the Start, Width, and Level parameters to
position the gate over the desired area. Ensure that the Gate Start position is set to
cover a range below the minimum-depth alarm value.
2. Press [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS) to display the alarms in the function boxes at
the bottom of the screen. Press [F4] to activate the minimum-depth alarm.
3. Use the arrow keys to set the desired minimum value. The range of
minimum-depth values is limited by the Gate Start and Gate Width settings. This
minimum-depth alarm value must be greater than the Gate Start value and less
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than the Gate Width value. Once activated, a marker appears on the gate to
indicate the current setting. Any indication that exceeds the gate threshold to the
left of the marker triggers the alarm.
4. Press [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS) followed by the [F1] key to turn off the alarm.
7.9.4 Minimum-Depth Alarm with Gate 2 Tracking

You can use the minimum-depth alarm when making echo-to-echo thickness
measurements with Gate 2 tracking as well. Whenever Gate 2 tracking is active
(located in [MEAS SETUP] menu > GATES tab) all Gate 2 settings (Start, Width,
Depth, and Min Depth Alarm Threshold) are relative to the position of the echo in
Gate 1. Gate 2 moves side-to-side, tracking the position of an echo in Gate 1. When
you set up a minimum-depth alarm on Gate 2 with Gate 2 tracking activated, the
value for the alarm threshold is the distance from Gate 1 Start or the distance from the
echo being measured by Gate 1.
To setup a minimum depth alarm on Gate 2

1. Press the [GATES] key twice and use the Start, Width, and Level parameters to
position Gate 2 over the desired area. Ensure that the Gate 2 Start position is set to
cover a range below the minimum-depth alarm value.
2. Press [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS) twice to display the Gate 2 alarms in the
function boxes at the bottom of the screen. Press [F4] to activate the
minimum-depth alarm.
3. Use the arrow keys to set the desired minimum value. The range of
minimum-depth values is limited by the Gate 2 Start and Gate 2 Width settings.
This minimum-depth alarm value must be greater than the Gate 2 Start value and
less than the Gate 2 Width value. Once activated, a marker appears on the gate to
indicate the current setting. Any indication that exceeds the gate threshold to the
left of the marker triggers the alarm.
4. Press [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS) twice followed by the [F1] key to turn off the
alarm.
7.9.5 Alarm-Condition Storage

When an alarm is active on a gate, the gate indicator flashes between the
measurement mode icon and a red A symbol. Alarm conditions are stored in the
EPOCH XT data logger. All saved IDs with an active alarm display A1 for Gate 1
alarm and/or A2 for Gate 2 alarm.
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8. Input and Output Features
This chapter describes the input and output features of the EPOCH XT. The topics
covered are as follows:
• VGA Output
• Analog Output
• Trigger Input and Output
8.1 VGA Output
The VGA output on the EPOCH XT lets you view the full color-screen display on a
PC monitor, projector, or a heads-up display. As of October 2008, all EPOCH XTs are
shipped standard with a VGA output port under the side office door of the
instrument. Connect the EPOCH XT to the external device with a cable attached to the
VGA port inside the door on the right side of the unit.
The default setting for the VGA output is OFF.
To turn on the VGA output

1. Press [DISPLAY SETUP] to enter the Display Setup menu.
2. Scroll to the VGA tab and press [ENTER].
3. Press [F2] (On) to turn VGA output on.
4. Scroll down and press [F2] (On) to have the EPOCH XT automatically turn on in
VGA output mode. If this parameter is set to [F1] (Off) the unit turns on in
normal mode.
To connect the EPOCH XT to a standard projector, monitor, or other VGA-compatible
device, a new cable is available: EPXT-C-VGA-6.
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The EPOCH XT consumes a slightly greater amount of power when the VGA circuitry
is turned on, reducing battery operating time.
8.2 Analog Output
The EPOCH XT offers an optional analog output. This analog output option is a
hardware option, and allows the EPOCH XT to continuously output depth or
amplitude information to an external device, such as a strip chart recorder or a PC
outfitted with an Analog/Digital converter card. The information is outputted as a
voltage, either on a 0–1 V or 0–10 V scale. The EPOCH XT is connected to the external
device by means of the analog output LEMO 00 connector on the right side of the
instrument.
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The Analog Output option is only available for EPOCH XT units manufactured after
October 2008.
Instruments requiring the addition of the analog output must be returned to an
authorized Olympus service center for hardware upgrade. Contact your local
Olympus sales representative for more details.
To access the Analog Output setup tab:
• Press the [MEAS SETUP] key

• Use the arrow keys to highlight the A-Out tab
• Press [ENTER] to enter the Analog Output setup menu
Figure 8-1 Analog Output Configuration
In this menu, you can select the following:
• Reading - The measurement (time of flight/thickness or amplitude) being

represented and output through Analog Out
• Output Voltage - The range of voltage output from the unit (0 V–1 V or 0 V–10 V)

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• Mapping - The scale of the output. You can select to output representative voltage
based on either Full Screen Range or Gate Width
• Device Load - The value of the impedance of the peripheral device measuring the
analog output of the EPOCH XT.
Matching the impedance of the output from the EPOCH XT with the impedance of
the input to the peripheral device allows the EPOCH XT to properly offset the analog
output to produce predictable output voltages based on screen measurements. For
example, a measurement on the EPOCH XT of 10 mm on a 100 mm screen range, with
an analog output range of 0 V to 10 V, should produce an analog output of 1 V.
Without impedance matching, the value can be skewed above or below the expected
1 V output value (0.95 V or 1.02 V, etc).
8.3 Trigger Input and Output
The EPOCH XT offers trigger syncing capabilities to allow the instrument to be used
in conjunction with other devices/instruments in a system. This triggering capability
governs the timing of each instrument pulse based on the selected method and, where
applicable, external input. The EPOCH XT trigger input and output signals are
accessed using the optional hardware Input/Output (I/O) port on the top of the unit
(see section 2.2 on page 18 for more information).
To select a Trigger mode

1. Press the [MEAS SETUP] key.
2. Press [ENTER] to enter the Meas tab.
3. Press [ENTER] until the cursor is selected on the third control group in the tab.
4. Use the down arrow to select the Trigger parameter.
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Figure 8-2 Trigger selection
The Trigger parameter has three selections:
• Internal – Standard operational mode. This selection allows the instrument to

control the pulse timing and frequency internally, and is not affected by external
input. While in the Internal mode, the EPOCH XT outputs a synchronization
pulse, allowing the instrument to trigger other devices at the same rate and
timing as the EPOCH XT is sending a pulse to the connected transducer(s).
• External – This selection allows an external device to control the pulse timing and
frequency of the EPOCH XT using the optional hardware I/O port on the top of
the unit. When no input pulse is provided, the instrument does not send any
pulse to the connected transducer(s) and appears frozen.
• Single – This selection allows the instrument pulse timing and frequency to be
manually controlled by the user or by PC commands. When in Single mode, the
instrument does not send a pulse to the connected transducer(s) until the
[MEAS|RESET] key is pressed (directly or by a remote method). If the
[MEAS|RESET] key is not pressed, the instrument appears frozen.

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9. Calibrating the EPOCH XT
This chapter describes how to calibrate the EPOCH XT. Calibration is the process of
adjusting the unit so that it measures accurately on a particular material, using a
particular transducer at a particular temperature. You must adjust the Zero (Offset)
and Velocity parameters of the EPOCH XT during calibration. Zero (Offset)
(sometimes referred to as probe delay) compensates for the dead time between the
firing of the main bang and the entry of the sound into the test piece. The unit must be
programmed with the correct Velocity setting so that it matches the material velocity
of the test piece.
The EPOCH XT has an advanced Auto Calibration feature, which enables a fast and
easy calibration process. The following section details the procedure to calibrate the
EPOCH XT when using the four basic transducer configurations: straight beam, delay
line, dual element, and angle beam.
Do not use the Auto Calibration feature when the EPOCH XT is in the following
modes: Microsecond time-of-flight, DAC, or TVG.
Calibration is explained in detail in following sections:
• Getting Started
• Calibrating with a Straight Beam Transducer
• Calibration with a Delay Line Transducer
• Calibration with a Dual Element Transducer
• Calibrating with an Angle Beam Transducer
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9.1 Getting Started
Until you are completely comfortable operating the EPOCH XT, we recommend that a
basic review and setup procedure be performed prior to starting the actual
calibration. The split-screen feature of the EPOCH XT is useful for this as it lets you
simultaneously view the waveform display and all instrument calibration data.
To set up the EPOCH XT before calibrating

1. Press [2ND F], [DISPLAY SETUP] (FULL/SPLIT) to select the split-screen display.
2. Press [2ND F], [VEL] (REJECT) to set the reject level to 0 %. Press [F1] or use the
slewing keys to adjust the value to zero.
3. Press [GAIN] to select an initial gain value that is appropriate for the calibration
and adjust the value by using the direct access function keys or the slewing keys.
If the appropriate gain level is unknown, set the initial gain at 20 dB and adjust it
as necessary during calibration.
4. Press [VEL] to enter an approximate velocity for the test material and adjust the
value with the function keys or the slewing keys. If the velocity value is unknown,
find a value for the material being tested in Appendix B on page 213 of this
manual.
5. Press [RANGE] to set the range and then adjust the value using the function keys
or the slewing keys. It is important to ensure that the range is large enough to
show both the thin and the thick sound path values on the screen.
6. Press [2ND F], [ANGLE] (THICK) to set the material thickness to 0.00 in. or
0.00 mm. Press [F1] or use the slewing keys to adjust the value to zero.
7. Press [ZERO] to set the zero offset value to 0.00 sec. Press [F1] or use the slewing
keys to bring the initial pulse to the left side of the instrument screen.
8. Press [ANGLE] to enter the correct refracted angle for the probe (0 for a straight
beam or 90° probe, 45 for a 45° probe, etc.) Use the function keys to access preset
values or adjust in 0.1° adjustments using the slewing keys.
9. Once the transducer is coupled to the block, adjust the pulser and filter settings to
create a clean A-scan. Press [PULSER] multiple times to permit access to the
various pulser functions. Press [RCVR] to go directly to the filter settings. Adjust
each function with the function keys or the slewing keys.
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Refer to section 5.4 on page 65 and section 5.5 on page 69 in this manual for
information on adjusting the Pulser Receiver.
9.2 Calibrating with a Straight Beam Transducer
Use Olympus transducer (part number A109S-RM), with a frequency of 5.0 MHz and
an element diameter of 0.50 in. (12.7 mm) to perform the sample straight beam
calibration. The calibration requires a test block with two known thicknesses made
from the material being measured. Ideally, the two thicknesses should represent
thicknesses that are both below and above the expected thickness of the material
being inspected.
For this example, we are using Olympus standard 5-step steel test block (part
number 2214E). The steps measure 0.100 in., 0.200 in., 0.300 in., 0.400 in., and 0.500 in.
If the EPOCH XT is set to metric units, the calibration process is exactly the same,
except that the entries below are in millimeters rather than inches.
To calibrate using a Straight-Beam transducer

1. Follow the initial setup procedure outlined above. Connect the transducer to an
appropriate cable and then connect the cable to either of the transducer posts on
the EPOCH XT.
2. Press [CAL]. A calibration symbol appears to the right of the A-scan, signifying
the EPOCH XT is in the Auto Calibration mode. To exit the Auto Calibration
mode at any point, press [CAL] again.
3. Couple the transducer to the THIN calibration block step. For this example, the
transducer is coupled to the 0.200 in. step (depending on the frequency of the
contact transducer being used, it might be impossible to obtain a proper reading
on very thin material).

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
4. Position Gate 1 so that the first back-wall echo from the known thickness step is
exceeding the gate threshold. Adjust the gain setting so that the echo amplitude is
at approximately 80 %.
Figure 9-1 Calibrating for a thin block using a straight beam transducer
5. A thickness reading appears in large text above the A-scan. Once a steady reading
is achieved, press [ZERO]. The screen freezes and a pop-up box appears on the
screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the exact known thickness of the
test sample. For this example, press [0] [.] [2] [0] [0], or [.] [2]. The entry appears in
the pop-up box. If you enter an incorrect number, press the [ZERO|DELETE] key
multiple times to clear the entry and then type the correct thickness. Press [F1] to
continue.
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Figure 9-2 Entering a thin standard value
6. Couple the transducer to the THICK calibration block step. In this example, the
transducer is coupled to the 0.500 in. step.
7. Position Gate 1 so that the first back-wall echo from the known thickness step is
exceeding the gate threshold. Adjust the gain setting so that the echo amplitude is
approximately 80 %.
Figure 9-3 Calibrating for a thick block using a straight beam transducer

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
8. A thickness reading appears in large text above the A-scan. Once a steady reading
is achieved, press [CAL], then [VEL]. The screen freezes and a pop-up box
appears again on the screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the exact
known thickness of the test sample. For this example, press [0] [.][5] [0] [0], or [.]
[5]. The entry appears in the pop-up box. If you enter an incorrect number, press
the [ZERO|DELETE] key multiple times to clear the entry and then type the
correct thickness.
Figure 9-4 Entering a thick standard value
9. Press [F2] to calculate and complete the calibration. The Zero (Offset) and
Velocity parameters adjust automatically, and the correct thickness reading of any
gated echo displays on the screen. Note that the range might have changed
slightly due to the change in velocity during the calibration.
It is possible to use the Auto Calibration feature on a single test block of known
thickness. You can use multiple back-wall echoes instead of coupling on both a thin
step and a thick step. You can leave the transducer coupled on the thin step, move the
gate over to one of the multiple back-wall echoes, and enter the correct sound path
thickness (2, 3, 4, etc. multiple of the first back-wall echo) during the velocity portion
of the calibration.
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9.3 Calibration with a Delay Line Transducer
The sample delay line calibration described below is performed using Olympus
transducer part number V202-RM, with a frequency of 10.0 MHz and an element
diameter of 0.25 in. (6 mm). The calibration requires a test block with two known
thicknesses, made from the material being measured.
Ideally, the two thickness measurements are both below and above the expected
thickness of the material being inspected.
For this example, we are using Olympus standard 5-step steel-test block, part number
2214E. The steps measure 0.100 in., 0.200 in., 0.300 in., 0.400 in., and 0.500 in.
If the EPOCH XT is set to work in metric units, the calibration process is exactly the
same, except that the entries below are in millimeters, rather than inches.
To calibrate using a Delay Line Transducer

1. Follow the initial setup procedure outlined in section 9.1 on page 92. Connect the
transducer to an appropriate cable and then connect the cable to the transducer
post on the EPOCH XT. With a zero offset of 0.000 µs, the main bang (or excitation
pulse) should appear on the left side of the screen. Increase the zero offset until
the main bang moves off the left side of the screen and the interface echo from the
end of the delay line tip appears on the screen. Verify that the echo represents the
end of the delay by tapping a finger on the end of the couplant-coated delay line.
This dampens the signal and the echo should jump up and down on the screen.
Use the zero offset to move this echo to the left side of the screen so that it is
barely visible.
that the EPOCH XT is in the Auto Calibration mode. To exit the Auto Calibration
transducer is coupled to the 0.100 in. step.
4. Position Gate 1 so that the first back-wall echo from the known thickness step
exceeds the gate threshold. Adjust the gain setting so that the echo amplitude is
approximately 80 %. A thickness reading appears in large text above the A-scan.

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Ensure that it is the first back-wall echo being gated, not a multiple echo from the end
of the delay line tip.
Figure 9-5 Calibrating for a thin block using a delay line transducer
5. Press [ZERO] once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a pop-up box
appears on the screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the exact known
thickness of the test sample. For this example, press [0] [.] [1] [0] [0]. The entry
appears in the pop-up box. If you enter an incorrect number, press the
[ZERO|DELETE] key multiple times to clear the entry and then type the correct
thickness.
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6. Press [F1] to Continue.

7. The display returns to the live A-scan. Couple the transducer to the THICK
calibration block step. For this example, the transducer is coupled to the 0.500 in.
step.
8. Position Gate 1 so that the first back-wall echo from the known thickness step
exceeds the gate threshold. Adjust the gain setting so that the echo amplitude is
approximately 80 %. A thickness reading appears in large text above the A-scan.

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Figure 9-7 Calibrating for a thick block using a delay line transducer
9. Press [CAL], then [VEL] once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a
pop-up box appears again on the screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter
the exact known thickness of the test sample. For this example, press [0] [.] [5] [0]
correct thickness.
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10. Press [F2] to calculate and complete the Auto Calibration. The Zero (offset) and
gated echo is displayed on the screen. Note that the range might have changed
It is possible to use Auto Calibration on a single test block of known thickness. You
can use multiple back-wall echoes instead of coupling on both a thin step and a thick
step. You can leave the transducer-coupled on the thin step, and instead move the gate
over to one of the multiple back-wall echoes and then enter the correct sound path
thickness (2, 3, 4, etc. multiple of the first back-wall echo) during the velocity portion
of the calibration.
9.4 Calibration with a Dual Element Transducer
The sample dual element calibration described below is performed using Olympus
transducer (part number DHC711-RM) with a frequency of 5.0 MHz and an element
diameter of 0.25 in. (6 mm). The calibration requires a test block with two known
thicknesses made from the material being measured. Ideally, the two thicknesses

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should represent thicknesses that are both below and above the expected thickness of
the material to be inspected. For this example, we are using Olympus standard 5-step
steel test block, part number 2214E. It has steps measuring 0.100 in., 0.200 in.,
0.300 in., 0.400 in., and 0.500 in.
If the EPOCH XT is set to work in metric units, the calibration process is exactly the
same, except that the entries below are in millimeters, rather than inches.
Due to the acoustic characteristics of dual transducers, a nonlinearity in the distance

calibration occurs as the thickness of the material decreases. The point of maximum
sensitivity is determined by the “roof angle” of the particular dual transducer. We
recommend that the distance calibration is carried out using a step block that covers
the range of interest. Be careful when interpreting thickness readings made outside
the calibrated range. The EPOCH XT does not have V-Path Correction; therefore,
there might be some nonlinearity within the calibrated range depending on the
minimum thickness used in the calibration process.
The zero offset value of dual element transducers can vary significantly at extreme
temperatures. If the temperature changes more than a few degrees from the
temperature at which the zero offset value was established, recheck its value. If
thickness measurements are to be made over a wide temperature range, we strongly
recommend the use of Olympus dual transducers that are designed for
high-temperature applications and that have built-in delay lines with a stable sound
velocity that does not change significantly with temperature. Specific
recommendations are Olympus D790-SM and D791 dual element transducers.
To calibrate using a Dual Element transducer

posts on the EPOCH XT. Change the test mode to Dual. Also, when using a dual
element transducer, the Gain setting is generally set very high so that the leading
edge of the back wall echoes appear as nearly vertical lines on the screen. The
leading edge is then used when making thickness measurements. For this reason,
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the EPOCH XT should be set to Edge Detection mode (in the Gates tab under the
MEAS SETUP menu).
2. Press [CAL]. A Calibration symbol appears to the right of the A-scan, signifying
that the EPOCH XT is in the Auto Calibration mode. To exit the Auto Calibration
transducer is coupled to the 0.100 in. step. As noted above, a higher Gain setting
is required to produce a clean leading edge of the signal. Do not be concerned
with the jagged peaks of the echo. Concentrate on the leading edge only.
4. Position Gate 1 so that the leading edge of the back-wall echo from the known
thickness step exceeds the gate threshold. A thickness reading appears in large
text above the A-scan.
Figure 9-9 Calibrating for a thin block using a dual element transducer
5. Press [ZERO] once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a dialog box
appears on the screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the exact known
thickness of the test sample. For this example, press [0] [.] [1] [0] [0]. The entry
appears in the dialog box. If you enter an incorrect number, press the
thickness.

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
6. Press [F1] to continue.

7. The display returns to the live A-scan. Couple the transducer to the THICK
calibration block step. For this example, the transducer is coupled to the 0.500 in.
step.
8. Position Gate 1 so that the leading edge of the back-wall echo from the known
thickness step exceeds the gate threshold. A thickness reading appears in large
text above the A-scan.
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Figure 9-11 Calibrating for a thick block using a dual element transducer
pop-up box appears again on the screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter
the exact known thickness of the test sample. For this example, press [0] [.] [5] [0]
correct thickness.

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10. Press [F2] (Calculate) to complete the Auto Calibration. The Zero (Offset) and
gated echo is displayed on the screen. Note that the range might have changed
9.5 Calibrating with an Angle Beam Transducer
The sample angle beam calibration described below is performed using Olympus
transducer part number A430S-SB with a frequency of 2.25 MHz and an element
diameter of 0.625 in. × 0.625 in. The transducer is mounted on a 45° wedge, part
number ABWS-6-45. We recommend using either an ASTM E-164 IIW Type I or a U.S.
Air Force IIW Type II calibration block for this calibration procedure. The steps below
use Olympus IIW Type I carbon-steel calibration block, part number TB7541-1.
To calibrate using an angle beam transducer

post on the EPOCH XT.
2. Enter the correct refracted angle for the transducer/wedge combination. For this
example, enter 45°.
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3. Enter the approximate shear wave velocity of the material being inspected. For
this example using carbon steel, enter a velocity of 0.1280 in./µs (3,251 mm/µs if
working in metric units).
4. Enter an appropriate range for the test block being used. For this example, enter a
range of 10.00 in. (250.00 mm if working in metric units).
Review sections 9.5.1 on page 107 to 9.5.4 on page 114 for the following procedures:
• Locating the Beam Index Point (BIP)

• Verifying the Refracted Angle (Beta)
• Calibrating for Distance
• Calibrating for Sensitivity
If the EPOCH XT is set to work in metric units in each procedure listed above, the
calibration process is exactly the same, except that the entries are in millimeters,
rather than inches.
9.5.1 Locating the Beam Index Point (BIP)
To locate the BIP

1. Couple the probe to the test block at the “0” mark.
IIW TYPE 1
Reference Block
Figure 9-13 Reference block displaying the “0” mark

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2. Manipulate the probe until a high-amplitude signal appears on the screen after
the main bang. This is the reflection from the large arc of the block that is located
on the Type I block at 4 in. (101 mm).
3. Move the probe forward and backwards to bring the echo to its maximum
amplitude (peak). Ensure that the echoes do not exceed 100 %. Reduce the Gain
setting if necessary.
The Peak Memory feature on the EPOCH XT is an excellent tool to help find the BIP.
Press [PEAK MEM] to turn on the feature. This feature draws and collects the echo
envelope of the signal while also drawing the live waveform. Match the live
waveform with the maximum point corresponding to the previously accumulated
echo-dynamic curve. Refer to Figure 9-14 on page 108 for a detailed schematic for
using the Peak Memory feature to find the BIP. Press [PEAK MEM] again to turn off
the feature.
Figure 9-14 Locating the beam-index point
4. Hold the probe stationary once you have peaked up the signal and mark the side
of the transducer wedge directly over the “0” mark on the block. This is the BIP –
the point at which the sound leaves the wedge and enters the material with
maximum energy.
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9.5.2 Verifying the Refracted Angle (Beta)

The refracted angle of the probe should already have been entered in the EPOCH XT
in the initial steps of the calibration procedure. Although the wedge might be marked
45°, for example, the actual refracted angle could be slightly different due to the
properties of the test material or the amount of wear on the wedge. It is necessary to
verify the actual angle. This ensures that the EPOCH XT’s sound path calculations are
accurate.
To verify the refracted angle

1. Position the probe over the appropriate angle mark on the block, which is 45° in
this example.
IIW TYPE 1
Reference Block
Figure 9-15 Verifying the refracted angle
2. Move the probe forward and backwards to peak up the echo coming from the
large circular hole in the side of the block. The circular hole may be filled with an
acrylic plug, but the procedure is the same.
The Peak Memory feature on the EPOCH XT is an excellent tool to help find the peak
of the signal.
3. Hold the probe stationary once you have peaked up the signal. Note the degree
mark on the block that lines up with the BIP, which you marked on the side of the
wedge in the previous step. This is the actual refracted angle (Beta) for this
particular transducer and wedge in steel. If this value for Beta differs from the
value entered previously, enter the corrected angle now using the [ANGLE] key
and the slewing keys.

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9.5.3 Calibrating for Distance
This step differs depending on which type of IIW calibration block is used.
The ASTM E-164 IIW Type I Block, which has a crescent cut in the side, produces
echoes at 4.0 in. (101.1 mm) and 9.0 in. (228.6 mm) on the screen. The U.S. Air Force
IIW Type II Block, which has a large cutout in the side, produces echoes at 2 in. and
4 in. on the screen. The procedure to follow uses the Olympus IIW Type I carbon steel
calibration block, part number TB7541-1.
We recommend that the EPOCH XT’s Range parameter be set to 10 in. (254 mm) for
this step. Regardless of whether a Type I or Type II Calibration block is used, this
should ensure that the echoes from the block are visible on screen.
To calibrate for distance

1. Couple the probe to the block so that the BIP is directly over the “0” mark on the
ASTM test block (or the Air Force block). Do not move the transducer from this
point during this step.
the EPOCH XT is in Auto Calibration mode. To exit the Auto Calibration mode at
any point, press [CAL] again.
3. Position Gate 1 so that the echo reflection from the 4 in. arc (this should be the
first large echo after the main bang) is exceeding the gate threshold.
4. Adjust the Gain setting so that the echo amplitude is approximately 80 %. A
thickness reading appears in large text above the A-scan.
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Figure 9-16 Calibrating for distance
5. Press [ZERO] (Offset) once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a dialog
box appears on the screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the exact known
sound path distance for this arc. For this example, press [4] [.] [0] [0] [0]. The entry
appears in the dialog box. If you enter an incorrect number, press the
thickness.

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6. Press [F1] to continue. The display returns to the live A-scan.

7. Position Gate 1 so that the echo from the 1 in. crescent exceeds the gate threshold.
This echo is generally located at approximately the ninth or tenth screen division
and is usually the third echo after the main bang.
8. Adjust the Gain setting so that this echo amplitude is approximately 40 %. A
thickness reading appears in large text above the A-scan.
Another echo might be present on the screen at approximately the eighth or ninth
screen division. Disregard this echo as it is usually the result of beam spreading and
sound bouncing off the side of the block. Ensure Gate 1 is not over this echo.
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Figure 9-18 Adjusting the gain
dialog box appears again on the screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the
exact known sound path distance for this crescent. For this example, press [9], [.],
[0], [0], [0]. If you enter an incorrect number, press the [ZERO|DELETE] key
multiple times to clear the entry and then type the correct thickness.

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10. Press [F2] to calculate and complete the Auto Calibration. The Zero (Offset) and
Velocity parameters adjust automatically, and the correct sound path readings of
any gated echoes are displayed on the screen. Note that the range might have
changed slightly due to the change in velocity during the calibration.
9.5.4 Calibrating for Sensitivity

The final step in the angle beam calibration is to calibrate for sensitivity. This lets you
set up a reference gain level.
To calibrate for sensitivity

1. Couple the probe to the IIW calibration block so that the transducer is aimed at
the 0.060 in. diameter side-drilled hole, which is used as a reference reflector.
IWW TYPE 1
Reference Block
Figure 9-20 IIW calibration block with 0.060 in. diameter drilled hole
2. Move the probe forward and backwards until you have peaked up the return
signal from the hole (that is, found the maximum amplitude). Do not confuse the
reference-reflector echo from the side of the block.
The Peak Memory feature on the EPOCH XT is an excellent tool to help find the signal
peak.
3. Adjust the system sensitivity (Gain) up or down once the echo is peaked up to
bring the reference reflector signal to a predetermined reference line on the
screen. In this example, the echo is brought to 80 % of full-screen height.
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4. Press [2ND F], [GAIN] (REF GAIN) to lock in the reference-gain level. Scanning
gain can now be added/subtracted from this reference gain level.
5. Press the function keys once the reference-gain functions are activated to select
between adding or subtracting in 0.1 dB or 6.0 dB increments.
Figure 9-21 Locking the reference gain to add/subtract scanning gain

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10. Managing the Instrument Data Logger
This chapter describes how to manage the EPOCH XT’s internal data logger. Olympus
has designed the data logger for ease of use and a wide range of file types and
features for flaw detection and corrosion-thickness gaging requirements. The data
logger includes the following capabilities:
• Data organized by file and identifier (ID) codes

• Alphanumeric filenames and identifier (ID) codes
• File Description, Inspector ID, and Location Note field for every file
• File types similar to corrosion-thickness gages:
• Calibration files
• Incremental files
• Sequential files
• Sequential files with custom point
• 2-D Matrix Grid files
• 2-D EPRI
• 2-D Matrix Grid Files with custom point
• 3-D Matrix Grid files
• Boiler files
• Ability to edit files and add and delete IDs, rename files, clear file contents,
and delete files
• On-screen review of all file contents
• File summary screen for measurement review without A-scan and setup
• Ability to transfer data between the EPOCH XT and a PC or printer
The titles for the following sections are as follows:
• Data Logger Storage Capacity
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• Data Logger Menu

• Creating Data Files
• Data File Types
• Opening Data Files
• Saving to Data Files
• File Summary and Review
• Recalling Instrument Setups (Calibration)
• Reporting
• Report Header Setup
• Printing
• Instrument Resets
10.1 Data Logger Storage Capacity
The EPOCH XT data logger is designed to store the following information every time
you press the [SAVE] key:
• File name
• Identifier (ID) code
• Alarm conditions
• Gate measurement modes
• Sound path leg for each gate
• 0 to 5 measurements – Instrument saves all active measurements selected by
the operator to display on the instrument screen.
• A-scan waveform
• Peak Memory envelope or Peak Hold waveform, if active
• Complete setup parameters
• Flag status ([FREEZE], (ZOOM), [PEAK MEM], etc.)
• Active software feature(s) (DAC/TVG, DGS/AVG, AWS D1.1/D1.5)
The EPOCH XT data logger can store up to 10,000 IDs with the information listed
above. All data is stored for every ID that you choose to save.
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10.2 Data Logger Menu
The EPOCH XT’s data logger menu is accessed by pressing [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). Doing
so brings you to a tabbed menu similar to the [DISPLAY SETUP], [MEAS SETUP],
and [INSTR SETUP] menus discussed in this manual. The EPOCH XT data logger
menu has four tabs organizing data logger functions: Open, Create, ReportSetup,
and Resets. These tabs are covered in detail in the sections that follow. When you first
enter the data logger, you see a screen similar to the screen below:
10.2.1 Creating Data Files

You must create a data file before any information can be stored in the EPOCH XT.
This can be done onboard, or the file(s) can be created in the GageView Pro interface
program and downloaded to the instrument. To create files onboard the instrument,
enter the Data logger menu and access the Create tab shown in the following
illustration:

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On this screen you perform the following operations:
• Choose file type to create

• Enter a file name – File names in the EPOCH XT are 8 characters
• Enter an ID prefix – ID prefixes in the EPOCH XT are up to 11 characters
• Create IDs based on the file type selected
• Enter a File description, if desired
• Enter an inspector ID (Ins Id), if desired
• Enter a location note (LOC-NT), if desired
Once you have entered all of the desired information in the Create tab, you can press
[F1] (Create) to create the data file and place it in the instrument’s list of available files
shown in section 10.2 on page 119 of this manual.
10.2.2 Data File Types

The EPOCH XT allows you to create many file types based on application
requirements. The file types that are available are similar to the EPOCH 4 series of
ultrasonic flaw detectors and to the Panametrics® 37DL PLUS corrosion thickness
gage from Olympus. The following sections provide information regarding each file
type.
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10.2.2.1 Calibration
A Calibration file is a special file type designed specifically for storing calibration
setups. Calibration files have space to store one single ID with its corresponding
waveform and data. Users often create separate calibration files for the different
transducers, materials, or test parts that are being used. The advantage to storing
setup data in calibration files is that the data can then be quickly recalled to the live
screen using the Quick Recall function (see section 10.2.6 on page 143 for further
information).
To create a Calibration file

1. Press [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The Data logger menu opens.
2. Press [F1] (NEXT) to highlight the Create tab. Press [ENTER] to access the Create
tab.
3. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the calibration (CAL) file type. To
continue, press [ENTER].
4. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired file name. To continue, press
[ENTER].
5. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired ID prefix. To continue, press
[ENTER].
6. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the Starting ID. To continue, press
[ENTER].
7. Enter file header information, if desired.
8. Press [F1] to Create the file. The instrument returns to the Open tab. Once the file
has been placed in the file list, you can use the file for data storage.
If the calibration file already contains saved information, the EPOCH XT displays the
prompt below to warn you and to ask if the existing data should be overwritten. You
can also enter the data logger and clear the ID in the Calibration file and then save
data into the open ID.

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10.2.2.2 Incremental
After entering a starting ID number (up to 11 alphanumeric characters in the ID Prefix
and up to 10 alphanumeric characters in the ID number itself), the EPOCH XT
automatically increments the subsequent ID numbers using the following
incrementing rules:
• Only that portion of an ID number consisting of digits and letters (no

punctuation marks) beginning with the right-most character and extending
leftward to the first punctuation mark or to the left-most character (whichever
comes first), can increment.
• Digits are cycled 0, 1, 2, ..., 9, 0, etc. The 9 to 0 transition is done only after
incrementing the character to the left. Letters are cycled A, B, C, ..., Z, A, etc.
The Z to A transition is done only after incrementing the character to the left.
In either case, if there is no character to the left or if the character to the left is
a punctuation mark, then the ID number cannot increment.
• If an ID number cannot increment, then after a reading is saved, an error beep
sounds and the momentary message CANNOT INCREMENT is shown on
the display above the function keys. Subsequent saves overwrite readings if
you do not manually change the ID number first.
To make the instrument increment through a range of numbers several digits wide
while beginning with a single digit ID number, the maximum number of digit
positions must be entered initially using leading zeroes. See Figure 10-1 on page 123.
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Figure 10-1 Example of automatically generated incremented ID number series
To create an incremental file

1. Press [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The Data Logger menu opens.
tab.
3. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the incremental (INC) file type. To

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[ENTER].
[ENTER].
6. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the Starting ID. To continue, press
[ENTER].
10.2.2.3 Sequential
A sequential file is defined by a starting and an ending ID number. The resulting file is
inclusive of the starting and ending points and all points in between.
Table 5 Example of start ID# = ABC123
Start ID# = ABC123

End ID# = ABC135
Resulting file would contain the

following list of ID numbers:
ABC123
ABC124
ABC125
.
.
.
ABC135
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Table 6 Example of start ID# = XY-GY
Start ID# = XY-GY

End ID# = XY-IB
Resulting file would contain the
following list of ID numbers:
XY-GY
XY-GZ
XY-HA
.
.
.
XY-IB
To create a sequential file

tab.
3. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the sequential SEQ file type. To
[ENTER].
[ENTER].
6. Use the up and down arrow keys to enter the desired increment step.
7. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the start column (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
8. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end column (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
9. Enter file header information if desired.
10.2.2.4 Sequence with Custom Point

A sequential file with Custom Points is defined by a starting and an ending ID
number plus a series of custom points. The resulting file is inclusive to the starting
and ending points and all points in between. In addition, multiple measurements per
ID number location are assigned using the assigned custom points.

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The following example describes measurements along a pipe or tube where at each ID
number location you can take a measurement at top, bottom, left, and right of the
pipe.
Table 7 Example of starting ID# = XYZ1267
Starting ID# = XYZ1267

Ending ID# = XYZ1393
Custom Points = TOP

BOTTOM
LEFT
RIGHT
Resulting file would contain the following

list of ID numbers:
XYZ1267TOP
XYZ1267BOTTOM
XYZ1267LEFT
XYZ1267RIGHT
XYZ1268TOP
XYZ1268BOTTOM
XYZ1268LEFT
.
.
.
XYZ1393RIGHT
You can enter up to 20 custom points. The total number of characters in an ID with
Custom Points is 19.
To create a Sequential with Custom Points file

tab.
3. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the sequential with Custom Points
(SEQ+CPT) file type. To continue, press [ENTER].
[ENTER].
[ENTER].
6. Use the up and down arrow keys to enter the desired increment step.
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[ENTER].
[ENTER].
9. Enter the first custom point with the alphanumeric keypad. Press [F1] to insert the
custom point into the list below the entry box.
10. To enter another Custom Point, edit the name with the alphanumeric keypad and
press insert. Repeat until all custom points are entered. The list can be reviewed
using the [F2] (PREVIOUS) and [F3] (NEXT) keys. Use [F4] (DELETE) to remove
a custom point.
11. When all custom points have been created, press the [ENTER] key to continue.
13. Press [F1] to create the file. The instrument returns to the Open tab. Once the file
10.2.2.5 2-D Matrix Grid

A grid is a sequence of ID numbers arranged to describe a path through a 2-D or 3-D
matrix. Each part of the ID number corresponds to a particular matrix dimension.
A 2-D (two-dimensional) sequence begins with the ID number that refers to the first
column and the first row. Then the column (or row) increments one value at a time
until the sequence reaches the last column (or row) value while the other dimension
value stays constant. At this point, the other dimension increments from its first to its
next value. This continues until the ID number that refers to the last column and last
row is reached.
Either the columns or the rows can be selected to increment first. Refer to the
following figure.

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How is a grid used? A grid structure can associate one dimension of the grid (for
example, the columns) with the physical parts whose wall thickness is to be
measured. The particular measurement points on each part are then associated with
the other dimension of the grid (for example, the rows). See Figure 10-2 on page 129.
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Measurement location
ID number
Row
Column
Figure 10-2 One grid for 75 identical parts
Alternatively, the rows and columns of a grid can refer to 2-D map measurement
points on the surface of one part. In this case, a different grid is made for each part.
See Figure 10-3 on page 130.

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Name: Elbow
Rows: 01 through 10
Columns: A through E
ID’s: Elbow/A0 through Elbow/E10
Name: Tee
Rows: 1 through 4
Columns: 1 through 3
ID’s: Tee/11 through Tee/34
Figure 10-3 Different named grid for each part
To create a 2-D grid file

tab.
3. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the 2-D grid 2D file type. To continue,
press [ENTER].
[ENTER].
[ENTER].
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[ENTER].
[ENTER].
8. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the start row (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
9. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end row (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
10. Select the pattern type for ID incrementing (Standard or ZigZag). To continue,
press [ENTER].
11. Select the increment order (Row or Column). To continue, press [ENTER].
12. Enter file header information if desired.
has been placed in the file list you can use the file for data storage.
10.2.2.6 2-D Matrix Grid with Custom Point

A grid is a sequence of ID numbers arranged to describe a path through a 2-D or 3-D
matrix. Each part of the ID number corresponds to a particular matrix dimension. See
section 10.2.2.5 on page 127 in this manual for more information.
Custom Points allow multiple readings per grid ID number to be assigned.
Table 8 Example of 2-D matrix grid with custom point
Start Column A
End Column J (Start Grid Coordinate = A01)
Start Row 01
End Row 17 (End Grid Coordinate = J17)
Custom Points = LEFT
CENTER
RIGHT
list of ID Numbers:
A01LEFT
A01CENTER
A01RIGHT
A02LEFT
.
.
.
J17RIGHT

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To create a 2-D grid with custom points file

tab.
3. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the 2D Grid with Custom Points
(2D+CPT) file type. To continue, press [ENTER].
[ENTER].
[ENTER].
[ENTER].
[ENTER].
[ENTER].
9. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end row (ID). To continue press
[ENTER].
10. Select the pattern type for ID incrementing (Standard or ZigZag). To continue,
press [ENTER].
11. Select the increment order (Row or Column). To continue, press [ENTER].
custom point in the list below the entry box.
13. To enter another custom point, edit the name with the alphanumeric keypad and
a custom point.
15. Enter file-header information, if desired.
10.2.2.7 3-D Matrix Grid

A 3-D matrix grid is a sequence of multipart ID numbers arranged to describe a path
through a 3-D matrix. Each part of the ID number corresponds to a particular matrix
dimension.
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A 3-D (three-dimensional) sequence begins with the ID number that refers to the first
column, the first row and the first point. Then the point (or column, or row)
increments one value at a time until the sequence reaches the last point (or column, or
row) value while the other two dimension values stay constant. At this point another
dimension increments from its first to its next value. This continues until the ID
number that refers to the last column, last row and last point is reached. You can select
either columns, rows, or points to increment first and one of the remaining two
selections to increment second.
How is a 3-D grid used? A 3-D grid structure can associate two dimensions of the grid
(for example, the columns and rows) with the physical coordinates on the part whose
wall thickness is to be measured. The particular measurement points on each part are
then associated with the third dimension of the grid. This scenario allows multiple
readings to be stored at each grid coordinate.
Table 9 Example of 3-D grid
Start Col = A
End Col = F
Start Row = 1
End Row = 4
Start Point = X
End Point = Z

list of ID numbers:
A1X
A1Y
A1Z
A2X
.
.
.
A4Z
B1X
B1Y
.
.
.
F4Z
To create a 3-D Grid file

1. Press [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The Data Logger menu opens. ([ID])

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tab.
3. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the 3D Grid (3-D) file type. To
[ENTER].
[ENTER].
6. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the start point (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
7. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end point (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
[ENTER].
[ENTER].
[ENTER].
11. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end row (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
12. Select the Pattern Type for ID incrementing (Standard or ZigZag). To continue,
press [ENTER].
13. Select which ID component with increment first. To continue, press [ENTER].
14. Select which ID component with increment second. To continue, press [ENTER].
15. Enter file-header information, if desired.
10.2.2.8 Boiler
A Boiler file is a special file type designed specifically for boiler applications. A
common method for identifying a thickness measurement location is by a 3-D
approach. The first dimension is Elevation, which refers to the physical distance from
the bottom to the top of the boiler. The second dimension is Tube Number, which
refers to the number of boiler tubes that need inspection. The third dimension is the
Custom Point, which refers to the actual thickness reading location at the specified
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elevation on the specified tube. When these three dimensions are combined, a single
ID number is formed to precisely identify the exact location of each thickness reading.
For example:
Table 10 Example of Boiler
Elevations = 10ft-, 20ft-, 45ft-. 100ft-

Start Tube = 01
End Tube = 73
Custom Points = L,C, R (left, center, right)
The resulting file would contain the following list of ID numbers:

10ft-01L
10ft-01C
10ft-01R
10ft-02L
.
.
.
10ft-73R
20ft-10L
.
.
.
100ft-73C
100ft-73R
(This example assumes that you have chosen to increment the custom
points first, tube number second, and elevation third. You can
choose alternate incrementing methods.)
To create a Boiler file

tab.
3. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the boiler (BOILER) file type. To
[ENTER].
[ENTER].
6. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the start tube. To continue, press [ENTER].

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7. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end tube. To continue, press [ENTER].
8. Select the Pattern Type for ID incrementing (Standard or Zigzag). To continue,
press [ENTER].
9. Select which ID component with increment first. To continue, press [ENTER].
10. Select which ID component with increment second. To continue, press [ENTER].
custom point into the list below the entry box.
12. To enter another custom point edit the name with the alphanumeric keypad and
a custom point.
14. Enter the first elevation with the alphanumeric keypad. Press [F1] to insert the
elevation into the list below the entry box.
15. To enter another elevation, edit the name with the alphanumeric keypad and
press insert. Repeat until all elevations are entered. The list can be reviewed using
the [F2] and [F3] (NEXT) keys. Use [F4] (DELETE) to remove a elevation.
16. When all elevations have been created, press the [ENTER] key to continue.
17. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter start column (ID). To continue press
[ENTER].
10.2.2.9 2-D EPRI

The 2-D EPRI file type is the same as the standard 2-D grid file type except for a minor
change in the way alpha characters increment:
1. Standard 2-D Grid File: Refers to the standard incrementing columns that start at
A and extend past Z. Example: Start Column: A; End Column: AD; Column
Result: A, B, C...X, Y, Z, AA, AB, AC, AD.
2. EPRI 2-D Grid File: Refers to custom incrementing columns that start at A and
extend past Z. Example: Start Column: A; End Column: CC; Column Result: A, B,
C...Z, AA, BB, CC.
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10.2.3 Opening Data Files

The EPOCH XT lists all files that have been created or downloaded to the instrument
in a list within the Data Logger menu > Open tab. This screen provides you with a list
of files, their file type (INC, SEQ, 2D, etc.), the date and time of creation, and any file
header information that was entered when the file was created.
The screen below shows the Open tab:
The highlighted file “TEST” is an incremental file. To open this file, you simply need
to press the [F1] (Open) key. This brings you back to the live screen and the active file
is now “TEST.” This is illustrated as follows:

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The Open function does not recall any instrument setup or calibration to the live
screen. This function simply opens the selected file so you can save data.
Once the file has been opened, you can begin saving data by pressing the [SAVE] key.
The EPOCH XT attempts to save data to the ID displayed. In most cases the ID does
not already contain data. However, in some cases the ID already contains saved
information. If this happens the EPOCH XT displays the prompt below to warn you
and to ask if the existing data should be overwritten.
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When there is an active file open and you press the ID key, there are four choices that
are displayed above the function keys (shown above):
• First – Jumps to the first ID in the active file.

• Last – Jumps to the last ID in the active file.
• Find – You are able to enter an ID number and have the instrument search for
it within the active file. If it is located, the instrument jumps there.
• Insert – You are able to insert a new ID within the active file. If you attempt to
insert an ID when there is no active file, the EPOCH XT displays a message
“No Survey Selected” at the bottom of the display.
10.2.4 Saving to Data Files

The EPOCH XT allows you to save data whenever there is an active file (survey) and
an ID has been entered. Files are created in the Data Logger menu (as described in
section 10.2.1 on page 119 of this manual) or in GageView Pro and then transferred to
the EPOCH XT.
In order to save data within a file, press the [SAVE] key. If there is no active ID then
the instrument displays the error message “No active ID” at the bottom of the display.
You must have an active file (survey) and an ID entered before saving data.
When you press the [SAVE] key, the EPOCH XT saves the following information:
• Filename

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• ID
• Up to 5 measurements (operator selected)
• A-scan waveform
• All instrument setup parameters
• Alarm information
• Any display flags
• Gate measurement mode icons
• Leg indicators for both gates
• Any displayed peak memory envelopes or peak hold A-scans
• Software feature/option setups
10.2.5 File Summary and Review

The EPOCH XT allows you to review inspection data and calibrations on the
instrument. There are two main methods for this: File Summary and File Review.
• File Summary shows you a table that lists IDs and all saved measurements in
each ID location. This view does not show the instrument setup or the A-scan.
This feature is typically used to review data files where the inspector is
primarily interested in thickness measurements. This function is also used to
review saved measurements for other applications since the EPOCH XT is
capable of storing many measurement types and up to 5 measurements can
be saved within each ID.
• File Review is typically used to review instrument setups (calibrations) and to
examine captured A-scans along with measurements, software
option/features, echo envelopes, etc. This view displays everything that has
been saved with each ID within the selected file.
To access File Summary and File Review, you must enter the Data Logger menu >
Open tab and then select the file to review. This is shown in the screen below:
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To enter the File Summary screen, you must press [F3] (Summary). To enter the File
Review screen, press [F2] (Contents).
The File Summary screen is shown below:

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Each set of two rows in the File Summary screen represents data from one ID. In the
example above there are 5 saved IDs: ID001, ID002, ID003, ID004, and ID005. Each ID
was saved with 4 measurements listed in separate columns with their measurement
icon. For each ID, the unit (in., mm, µs) is also displayed in the fourth column, upper
row.
Within this view, you have the option to [F1] (CLEAR), [F2] (DELETE), and [F5]
[CANCEL]. (CLEAR) removes all ID data from the file. (DELETE) deletes the entire
file, and (CANCEL) returns you to the previous screen.
The File Review screen is shown below:
This window is scrollable using the up and down arrow keys. The left and right arrow
keys are used to jump from one ID to the next. Alternatively, you can use the [F1]
(First), [F2] (Last), and [F5] (Find) functions to jump to particular areas within the file.
This is useful when many IDs have been saved within a file. The [F4] (Clear) function
clears the data from the selected ID. The ID itself remains so that new data can be
saved in that location.
The full file review screen for the example file shown in the screen above has been
combined and displayed below. The entire instrument setup and all other data are
displayed for operator review.
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The EPOCH XT is capable of printing each ID individually to a USB memory stick in

an .htm format for quick and easy report exporting.
10.2.6 Recalling Instrument Setups (Calibration)

To recall a stored instrument setup (calibration), you can either access the File Review
screen discussed in section 10.2.5 on page 140 of this manual (previous section), or use
the quick recall calibration function.
Once you have selected the file of interest and entered the File Review screen, you
must select the ID that contains the instrument setup to be recalled. The File Review
screen is shown below:

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You must locate the proper ID by using the left and right arrow keys or the [F1]
(First), [F2] (Last), and [F5] (Find) functions to jump to particular areas within the file.
Then press [F3] (Recall).
Calibration (CAL) file types can also be recalled through the Recall Setup function on
the unit. Pressing the [2ND F], [CAL] keys brings up a list of all the calibration (CAL)
file types that are stored on the unit. Once you have selected the calibration file to be
recalled, press [F1] (Recall) to recall the file.
Once the file has been recalled, you are brought back to the main instrument screen
and the instrument setup is displayed. The setup is not active. The state of the display
is now RECALL FREEZE. An R flag indicates this. To return to the live screen, press
the [MEAS RESET] key. See following screen:
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At this point, the EPOCH XT’s stored setup has been recalled, and you can begin to
use the instrument. It is always recommended that you recheck the calibration as
probe and wedge wear, temperature changes, and other factors that can affect the
accuracy of the calibration.
10.3 Reporting
The EPOCH XT has been designed to allow you to create basic reports on the
instrument and print them out in the field over the instrument’s USB host port. In
order to generate on onboard report, you must be able to set up the report header, set
up the printer output, and have access to a PCL5 compatible USB printer.
10.3.1 Report Header Setup

You can set up the report header in the Data logger menu > ReportSetup tab. The
Data logger menu is accessed by pressing [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The ReportSetup tab is
illustrated as follows:

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You can customize all of the header titles and data. The information displayed above
is just an example. The information in the header is placed at the top of the reports
that are printed from the instrument.
10.3.2 Printing
The EPOCH XT is designed to directly print to any PCL5 compatible USB printer. You
must set up the printer in the Data Logger menu > ReportSetup tab shown below:
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You can choose between PCL Laser or PCL Inkjet printer types. Draft Mode allows
you to print with less ink/toner if desired. You can also choose to print in color or
black and white.
Reports may be printed either from the live A-scan screen or from the File Review and
File Summary areas by pressing [2ND F], [ALPHA/NUM] (PRINT). If you print from
the live screen, a preview that looks like the file review screen appears first. An
example report is shown as follows:

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10.3.3 Instrument Resets

The EPOCH XT can be reset to factory parameters if needed. The instrument resets
are located in the Data Logger menu > Resets tab. There are five choices available:
• Master/Database – Resets all instrument setup parameters to factory settings

and clears the instrument data logger.
• Parameters – Resets all instrument setup parameters to factory settings.
• Database – Clears the instrument data logger.
• Editable Parameters – Returns all function-key presets to factory defaults.
• Probe Library – Resets DGS probe library to factory defaults.

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11. Software Features and Options
The EPOCH XT comes standard with DAC/TVG and has five onboard software
options: DGS/AVG, AWS D1.1/D1.5, B-scan, Floating Gate, and Advanced Filters.
These features are accessed within the [MEAS SETUP] menu under the Options tab.
The screen below shows this location:
11.1 Defining Active/Inactive Options
All of the available options are listed in the [MEAS SETUP] menu > Options tab. If an
option is active in the instrument, then you are able to highlight it and see the option
setup parameters on the right side of the tab. If the option is not active, the instrument
displays a red line through the option, and the option is not available.
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The software options can be added to the EPOCH XT at an additional cost. This
activation can be performed at the factory before the instrument is shipped or it can be
done remotely with an access code. You must contact Olympus to have access codes
generated. These codes are entered in the [INST SETUP] menu > Status tab shown as
follows:
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11.2 DAC/TVG
11.2.1 Description
A distance amplitude correction (DAC) curve is used to plot amplitude variations of
signals from reflectors of the same size, but at different distances from the transducer.
Normally, these reflectors produce echoes of varying amplitude due to material
attenuation and beam spread as the sound beam travels through the part. The
purpose of the DAC curve is to graphically compensate for material attenuation
nearfield affects, beam spread, and surface roughness.
After plotting a DAC curve, reflectors of the same size as those used for creation of the
curve produce echoes that peak along the curve despite different locations within the
test piece. Similarly, reflectors that are smaller than those used to create the curve fall
below the level, while larger reflectors exceed the curve level.
When a DAC curve is created in the EPOCH XT, the instrument also creates a
time-varied gain (TVG) setup. TVG is used to compensate for the same factors as
DAC, but the presentation is different. Instead of drawing a curve across the display
that follows the reference reflector peaks downward as sound is attenuated, the TVG
setup amplifies the gain as a function of time (distance) to bring the reference
reflectors to the same screen height (80 % FSH).

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The EPOCH XT DAC/TVG feature allows you to toggle between DAC and TVG views
in many of its modes, giving freedom to use both techniques during a single
inspection. When you switch from DAC to TVG view, the DAC curves are displayed
as TVG lines across the screen. The time-varied gain effectively amplifies the signals
across the time base to make the DAC curves appear as straight lines across the
screen.
You can customize DAC/TVG setups to their unique application requirements using
the flexible DAC/TVG software feature for the EPOCH XT. The DAC/TVG feature
incorporates several DAC/TVG modes that adhere to ASME, ASME-3, and JIS sizing
codes. The software offers direct control of gain, range, zero offset, and delay, as well
as scanning gain and transfer correction. In addition, the DAC/TVG option provides
new features such as 20 % to 80 % DAC curves, customizable DAC curves, and a
user-defined TVG table to meet advanced and unique inspection needs.
11.2.2 Option Activation and Reference Correct

Prior to the activation of any options associated with DAC/TVG, the instrument must
be properly calibrated to the material being inspected. The DAC/TVG option is
located under the [MEAS SETUP] menu > Options tab. To begin the activation
process, enter the [MEAS SETUP] menu > Options tab, highlight DAC/TVG and
press the [ENTER] key. Use the arrow keys or the function keys to highlight the
desired DAC/TVG function. An example of this is shown as follows:
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You can also choose to apply a feature known as reference correction (REF
CORRECT) to the digital analysis of the live A-scan and DAC/TVG option. The
reference correction feature, when activated, permits full gain manipulation of either
the live echo peaks or the DAC curve while providing the % amplitude or dB
comparison of the actual peak-to-curve ratio. In this way, you can use scanning gain,
while maintaining an accurate digital measurement of the ratio of the gated peak to
the DAC curve for sizing purposes. The gated echo amplitude is corrected back to the
Reference Gain level for amplitude evaluation compared to the DAC curve.
Once you have selected the type of DAC/TVG setup for the application, press the
[MEAS RESET] key to return to the live A-scan screen to begin DAC/TVG setup.
In the sections below, all DAC/TVG modes are covered. The DAC/TVG setup
procedure is the same for all modes with the exception of TVG table. The setup is
covered in detail in the ASME / ASME-3 section to follow. Any differences in the
procedure to set up other DAC/TVG modes are discussed in the pertinent section for
that particular mode.
11.2.3 ASME & ASME-3 DAC/TVG

The ASME DAC mode is a single DAC curve drawn from peak to peak on reference
reflectors. The ASME-3 mode draws three DAC curves: one main curve from peak to
peak on the reference reflectors and two warning curves at –6 dB and –14 dB
compared to the main curve.

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11.2.4 ASME-3 DAC Setup Example

Once you have entered the [MEAS SETUP] menu > Options tab and selected
ASME-3 as the DAC/TVG mode, press [MEAS/RESET] to return to the live
instrument screen. The instrument screen appears as follows:
To capture DAC points, you must move Gate 1 to the echo, press [F5] (AUTO–80 %) to
bring the echo to 80 % FSH, and press [F1] to capture the point. The screen below
shows the first point captured. An “×” symbol has been placed on the echo peak.
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The screen as follows shows the EPOCH XT display when the second point has been
captured:
The instrument has drawn the three DAC curves from the first point to the second.
The AUTO–80 % function has been used to bring the second point to 80 % full-screen
height. This assures that the point is captured accurately because amplitude
resolution is better at greater echo heights. This also pushes the first captured echo
over 110 % FSH so the Main DAC curve and the –6 dB warning curve extend
downward to the second point from off-screen.

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While you are capturing DAC points (after 2 have been captured), you have the
option to:
• [F2] (Delete) – Delete the last captured point.

• [F3] (Erase) – Erase the entire DAC setup.
• [F4] (Done) – Complete the DAC setup.
The following screen shows the DAC setup after 5 points have been captured. All
points were brought to 80 % FSH before capture.
If you would like to continue from the point and capture additional points, you can
increase the instrument range or increase the display delay to view echoes further out
in time. If the setup is complete, then press [F4] (Done) to complete the setup. The
instrument returns to its base gain and displays the DAC setup. This is shown below:
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Now that DAC is active, the instrument has some special settings available for
adjustment:
• “Amp to Curve” and “dB to Curve” – You can now use Amplitude-to-Curve
and dB-to-Curve measurements. These are activated in the [MEAS SETUP]
menu > Meas tab. See section 4.8.1 on page 54 for more details. You can
always select these measurements, but they do not display measurements
unless a DAC/TVG or DGS/AVG curve is on-screen. In the screen above, the
Gate 1 Amp-to-Curve measurement is active in measurement location 5.
• TVGView [F1] key – You can press [F1] to activate the TVG view for the
active DAC/TVG setup. The TVG view for the setup above is shown below:

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• The DAC curves have become TVG lines across the screen.
• DACGain above [F2] – This is a gain setting that affects the DAC curves and
the onscreen echoes allowing to compare amplitude at code compliant screen
levels across the time base. More details are given in section 11.2.5 on
page 161.
• GainStep above [F3] – This setting selects the step (0.1 dB, 1 dB, 3 dB, 6 dB,
12 dB) for the DAC GAIN adjustment.
• NextDAC above [F5] – With this setting you can cycle through the available
DAC curves (if more than one is available) for amplitude comparison with
on-screen echoes.
While DAC/TVG is active, you have full control of the Range, Delay, and Zoom
settings. With this you can focus on areas of interest within the DAC setup. The
following screen shows a reduced range with delay:
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11.2.5 Gain Adjustment Options

The DAC/TVG software features three separate types of gain adjustment for each
DAC/TVG setup. These gain adjustments allow to inspection more precisely, with
easier manipulation of curves and live peak information, and transfer correction.
In order to quickly find and identify potential defects, it is commonly required by

code to increase the gain (scanning gain) on the EPOCH XT from the Reference
(calibration) Gain for scanning purposes. However, once a potential defect is
identified, this gain is usually removed to view the reflector at REF Gain level, set at
calibration. The DAC/TVG software for the EPOCH XT is fully capable of adding
temporary scanning gain for inspection purposes. This scanning gain only affects the
live A-scan and does not adjust the level of the DAC curve(s) set up on screen.
To add temporary scanning gain

1. Press the [GAIN] key.
2. Use the up and down arrow keys for coarse adjustment or the left and right arrow
keys for fine adjustment to bring the scanning gain to the desired level. The
scanning gain is displayed at the lower-left area of the screen.
3. Once the desired scanning gain level is set, you can press [GAIN] and use the
Scan DB function key ([F2]) to toggle between the base (reference) gain or the
adjusted scanning gain.
4. Scanning gain is disabled by pressing [GAIN] and then [F3] (Off).

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The screen below shows an ASME DAC setup with 3 dB of scanning gain added:
When reference correction is active, the digital comparison between a captured

reflector and the DAC curve is accurate even with scanning gain applied to the
inspection provided that the gated echo is not saturated. The screen below shows the
same setup as above but with Reference Correction active. Notice that the scanning
gain has been removed from the dB-to-Curve measurement in location 5. The
instrument compares the echo height to the DAC curve, compensates for the added
scanning gain, and reports the true-amplitude comparison.
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11.2.6 Curve Adjustment Gain—Also Called “DAC Gain” or “TVG Gain”

The overall gain level of the entire DAC curve and TVG line setup can be adjusted
higher or lower from the Reference Gain. Most inspection codes do not permit
reflectors to be sized below 20 % of FSH. Therefore, to inspect beyond a certain
depth/sound path time within a part, it is necessary to raise the gain of both the live
A-scan and the DAC curve to continue the inspection. This is accomplished on the
EPOCH XT using the DAC Curve Adjustment Gain.
This gain adjustment is displayed below the live A-scan next to the Delay setting at all
times.
To adjust the gain

1. Press the [F3] (GainStep) key to choose the increment of the gain adjustment
desired.
2. Press the [F2] (DACGain) key and use the up and down arrows to adjust the
Curve Adjustment Gain by the selected increment either positive or negative.
The screen below shows a DAC setup with DAC gain in use to provide accurate echo
amplitude measurement by placing the echo close to 80 % FSH.

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11.2.7 Transfer Correction

Transfer Correction is an adjustment in the Reference Gain setting during calibration
of the instrument, and is typically added when the surface conditions between a
calibration block and test piece are different. The coupling conditions on the test
surface can often cause signal loss after calibrating a DAC curve, which results in
inaccurate comparisons of the test reflectors with the calibrated DAC curve. The
EPOCH XT can easily adjust for this potential difference by adding transfer correction
to the calibrated base gain after completing the DAC curve setup.
To add transfer correction to a completed DAC curve

1. Press the [GAIN] key.
2. Use the up and down arrow keys for coarse adjustment or the left and right arrow
keys for fine adjustment to bring the scanning gain to the desired level for
Transfer Correction. The scanning gain is displayed at the lower-left area of the
screen.
3. Once the desired scanning gain is displayed, press the Function Key [F1] (ADD)
to add the scanning gain to the base gain and to apply the transfer correction.
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11.2.8 JIS DAC

The Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) DAC mode is designed to meet the
requirements of JIS Z3060. The JIS DAC curve setup is identical to the standard
DAC/TVG setup. However, there are some minor functionality differences when
compared to other DAC/TVG modes:
• Only the main DAC curve is viewable in TVG mode.

• Any of the six curves can be used to trip the alarm when in the JIS DAC mode.
Additionally, you can set the alarm to positive or negative. To select which
curve to be used as the alarm reference level, first activate JIS DAC and then
use the [F5] function key to select which curve to use for the alarm threshold.
The selected curve appears as a double thickness line. Once a curve has been
selected, an alarm can be activated and set to be either positive or negative
threshold detection by pressing [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS) and following
the prompts.
11.2.9 20 %–80 % DAC Option

This DAC/TVG mode incorporates a combination of the DAC curve and TVG
techniques. For most sizing and inspection codes that utilize a DAC curve, the
inspector cannot interrogate a potential defect that does not rise above 20 % of FSH. In
the past, scanning gain is added to inspect these defects that appear further into a part
and only reflect below 20 %. The necessary gain adjustment is then noted to calculate
the flaw size.
The 20 %–80 % DAC feature takes advantage of the TVG functionality of DAC/TVG to
create a DAC curve that only falls between 20 % and 80 % screen height. Any echo
that falls below 20 % FSH during setup has 12 dB added to it automatically. A new
DAC curve section starting at 80 % FSH is created. This setup divides the screen into
12 dB DAC Gain regions. The DAC Gain is displayed based on the location of the
gated echo in time.

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The setup procedure for the 20 %–80 % DAC is the same as the ASME & ASME-3
setup described earlier. The only difference is that you cannot use the AUTO–80 %
function during the setup. The instrument automatically compensates for falling-echo
amplitude once an echo is captured below 20 % screen height.
Once the 20 %–80 % DAC curve is completed, you can toggle between DAC and TVG
views, manipulate Range, Delay, Zero (Offset) and Angle, and also to add necessary
scanning gain or transfer correction. 20 %–80 % DAC also incorporates the reference
correction functionality, if desired.
11.2.10 Custom DAC Curves Option

The DAC/TVG software option for the EPOCH XT features a customizable DAC
curve setup that allows you to define up to three additional reference curves from the
primary curve at varying levels from –24 dB to 10 dB. The Custom DAC Curves
option is ideal for unique sizing inspections and procedure development. The Custom
DAC Curve function also gives the option of either a straight-line connection or a
curved, polynomial connection of each point of the DAC curve to meet various
international or customer-specific requirements. The custom DAC setup features a
total of 6 additional curves.
To activate and set up the customized curves

1. Enter the [MEAS SETUP] menu > Options tab.
2. Select DAC and press the [ENTER] key. Select the Custom DAC mode.
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3. Select the curve type – Polynomial (curved) or Straight-line segments.

4. Select the Number of Warning Curves to be used in addition to the Main Curve
(for example, when three (3) curves are activated, you see 4 curves in total).
5. Set the dB level for each warning curve compared to the main curve.
6. Press [MEAS/RESET] to return to the live screen and begin capturing DAC
points.
The Custom DAC/TVG setup and functionality are the same as ASME & ASME-3
discussed earlier in this section. The following screen shows a completed Custom
DAC/TVG.

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Once the Custom DAC Curve points have been captured and completed, you have
full capability of toggling between DAC and TVG views, manipulating Range, Delay,
Zero (Offset), and Angle, and also adding necessary scanning gain, curve gain
adjustment or transfer correction. The TVG view of any Custom DAC Curve includes
the user-defined reference curves as well as the primary DAC curve. Custom DAC
Curve also incorporates the reference correction functionality, if desired.
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11.2.11 TVG Table Option

DAC/TVG’s TVG Table option for the EPOCH XT is a powerful tool designed to
facilitate manual definition of TVG setups, including gain manipulation, fine gain
adjustment, and TVG point addition or deletion. The TVG Table option is the only
feature in DAC/TVG that is exclusively TVG and does not toggle between a DAC and
TVG view. The TVG Table function of the EPOCH XT visually displays the slope of
the change in gain across the defined screen range using a line, allowing you to easily
visualize the relationship between the indications and any custom gain modifications
made during the TVG Table setup. The EPOCH XT TVG Table function has a number
of primary uses.
11.2.11.1 Immersion Inspection

One of the main uses for the TVG Table function is in immersion setups. A standard
TVG curve can be created using a reference block to aid in flaw sizing prior to
immersion inspection. However, the interface echo during an immersion inspection
can be very high in amplitude, which can severely decrease the near-surface
inspection capabilities of the instrument. When using a TVG Table, you can manually
adjust the gain in the screen range right around the interface echo to suppress the
effects of the interface echo. Other echoes near the surface are then easier to see and
size.

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11.2.11.2 Manual TVG Setup

In many circumstances, a part must be inspected for flaws using a TVG curve to
determine the rejectability of any flaws found within the part, but the part is too large
or expensive to have a reference block of equal size and composition. The TVG Table
feature allows you to manually add points along the TVG curve and manipulate the
gain slope across the screen range to create an accurate TVG curve without a reference
block (typically this is accomplished using the DGS diagram that corresponds to the
particular material and transducer being used).
11.2.11.3 Highly Attenuating Material

In many highly attenuating materials, such as many composites, it takes a large
amount of gain to successfully penetrate to the back wall of a particular part. This
high level of gain can cause significant noise in nearer areas of the part and
completely obscure any potential defects in the beginning half of the inspected
material. A TVG Table can be used to modify the gain throughout the part allowing
clear visibility of the back wall for thickness measurement and clearer inspection of
near-surface reflectors. An initial gain can be established and a slope defined to ramp
the gain up from the interface of the part to the back wall.
11.2.12 TVG Table Setup

The TVG Table option can be used simply to define a TVG curve using a test block
and size reflectors without ever entering and/or editing specific TVG points. This
operation is similar to any of the DAC setups described earlier in this section.
To activate and define the TVG Table feature of DAC/TVG, including customized TVG point
setup
1. Enter the [MEAS SETUP] menu > Options tab.
2. Select DAC and then press the right arrow key.
3. Select TVG Table and then press the [MEAS/RESET] key to return to the live
screen.
4. You may now begin capturing points using Gate 1 and the [F1] key. This is shown
in progress in the following screen:
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Alternatively, press the [F5] (Edit) key to enter the TVG Table:
The previous screen shows the live A-scan with an empty TVG Table below it.
To build a TVG Table

1. Press [F1] (Add) to add a point to the TVG Table. This becomes Point No. 1.
2. Press [ENTER] to select the position adjustment. The instrument shows depth in
time-of-flight (TOF) and in the selected unit (in. or mm). These are tied together

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for adjustment purposes. Use the arrow keys to move the cursor across the top of
the screen to the first TVG point.
3. Press [ENTER] to select the gain adjustment (dB from REF). Use the arrow keys to
adjust the gain from REF setting. A TVG line appears on the screen as a visual
reference to show the gain level. In relation to the TVG line, the Y-Axis scale is
0 dB to 110 dB, or the total dynamic range of the TVG system.
4. You may continue to Add or Insert points as needed to complete the TVG Table.
The following screen shows a TVG Table with 19 points. You can setup as many as
50 points.
5. The TVG Table displays each point (from left to right on the screen) in sequential
order from top to bottom in the table. The point’s corresponding sound path time
(µs), distance measurement (in in. or mm, if applicable), and gain level is
displayed across the screen.
6. At any time during the TVG Table setup, you may press [F5] (Exit) to return to the
live screen with the TVG Table in its current state. This allows Range, Delay, Zero
(Offset), etc., to be adjusted as needed. You can then press [F5] (Exit) again to
return to the TVG Table setup.
7. Once the TVG Table has been created, you must press [F5] (Exit), followed by [F4]
(Done). This completes the setup and locks the table. It cannot be edited further.
An illustration of a completed TVG Table follows in two screens. This setup is
designed to permit good near- and far-surface resolution by minimizing the initial
pulse size and the back-wall echo size. This setup also permits easy monitoring of
the back-wall echo amplitude using Gate 2.
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11.3 DGS/AVG
11.3.1 Description
The Onboard DGS/AVG option in the EPOCH XT permits complete DGS/AVG setups
to be performed on the instrument. With the DGS/AVG method you can size defects
based upon a calculated DGS/AVG curve for a given transducer, material, and
reflector size. This method requires that you have only one reference reflector in order

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to create a DGS curve for flaw sizing. This is much different than the DAC or TVG
method that requires that you have representative defects at various depths within a
part in order to create a curve for flaw sizing.
In order for you to setup DGS/AVG curves on the instrument very quickly, Olympus
has developed a transducer library that is stored in the instrument’s memory. This
library contains the entire Atlas Series European specification transducers as well as
several other transducers that are commonly used by inspectors. The library includes
five categories:
1. Straight Contact (includes protected face)

2. Angle Beam Transducers
3. Dual Transducers
4. Custom Straight Contact
5. Custom Angle Beam
All required data for building DGS/AVG curves is stored in the instrument’s memory
for each transducer in the library. If an operator would like to use a probe that is not in
the default library, he/she can enter the required transducer characteristics in the
GageView Pro interface program and download them to the EPOCH XT. Probes that
are downloaded to the instrument appear in the Custom Transducers section of the
Transducer library.
The onboard DGS/AVG option provides you with rapid setup times and easy
flaw-size evaluation. This software option has been designed to meet the
requirements of EN 583-2:2001. It is extremely important that you be familiar with this
specification and others, and qualified according to local standards to properly use
this instrument function. Since the curves used for defect sizing are calculated based
upon many variables, a proper instrument setup is required for accurate results.
11.3.2 Option Activation

Before activating the DGS/AVG option, you must properly set up the EPOCH XT’s
Pulser/Receiver settings for the transducer that is to be used. You should also perform
an instrument calibration.
To activate the DGS/AVG option after the instrument is properly setup and calibrated
1. The DGS/AVG option is activated in the EPOCH XT’s [MEAS SETUP] menu >
Options tab. Select DGS, press the [ENTER] key, and then press [F2] (On).
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2. You must then choose the transducer and reference reflector that is to be used for
the DGS AVG setup. You can navigate through the Transducer library easily.
a) Under Probe Type, select the proper library. For the example used in this
manual, we have selected Library Straight Beam. Press down to continue.
b) Under Probe List, the instrument displays all probes in the selected library.
You must scroll through the list and select the probe. Press down to continue.
c) Under Reflector Type, you find all of the potential reference reflectors for the
chosen probe.
For straight beam and dual probes, the available reflectors are:
• Back wall
• Side-drilled hole (SDH) – You must enter the reflector size.
For angle beam probes, the available reflectors are:
• K1-IIW Block Arc – If this option is selected, you are prompted to enter a
Delta Vk value later in the setup procedure. This value comes from the
DGS Diagram for the selected probe.
• K2-DSC Block Arc – If this option is selected, you are prompted to enter a
Delta Vk value later in the setup procedure. This value comes from the
DGS Diagram for the selected probe.
• Side-drilled hole (SDH) – You must enter the reflector size.
• Flat-bottom hole (FBH) – You must enter the reflector size.

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3. You must now adjust several DGS/AVG setup parameters so the instrument can
draw the curves accurately. A screen of this menu is shown as follows:
• DeltaVk (not shown above, used for Angle Beam Setup) – Correction
value for angle beam transducers. This value is located on the DGS/AVG
diagram for the selected transducer.
• DeltaVt – Transfer Correction. This value is used to compensate in
amplitude differences as a result of coupling variation (surface condition)
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from the calibration block to the test piece. EN 583-2:2001 provides

methods for calculating transfer correction.
• Registration Level – This is the height of the main DGS/AVG curve. The
curve represents the amplitude from a flat-bottom hole with a diameter of
the Registration Level at different depths. This is usually equal to the
critical flaw size for the application.
• Warning Level – This is the position of the secondary DGS/AVG
“warning” curve compared to the position of the main DGS/AVG curve.
If this value is set to zero, the warning curve is turned off.
• AcvSpecimen – This is the attenuation value in dB/m for the test piece
(specimen). In some cases, it is necessary to calculate the relative
attenuation within the test piece and enter the value here.
• AcvCalBlock – This is the attenuation value in dB/m for the calibration
block. In some cases, it is necessary to calculate the relative attenuation
within the calibration block and enter the value here.
Trained operators must be aware of when it is necessary to apply values to

AcvSpecimen and AcvCalBlock. These values affect the shape of the DGS/AVG curve
and, therefore, affect the accuracy of defect sizing. A suggested method for the
measurement of relative attenuation can be found later in this manual.
Use the up and down arrow keys to move from one parameter to the next.
The left and right arrow keys are used for adjusting the individual settings.
When this is complete, press the [MEAS/RESET] key to continue.
4. Capture the reference reflector.

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After pressing [MEAS/RESET] at the DGS/AVG Setup menu, you are brought to the
live A-scan screen similar to the previous screen. You must bring the echo from the
reference reflector to 80 % full-screen height and press the [F1] (Ref) key to capture
the echo. Once the reference echo has been captured, the instrument adjusts the gain
as needed and draw the DGS/AVG curves on the screen. This is shown in the
following screen:
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Equivalent flat-bottom-hole size measurement is being used. This is established in the

[MEAS SETUP] menu > Meas tab. You may also use the Overshoot (OS)
measurement to compare echo height to the DGS/AVG curve in dB. Transfer
Correction (DeltaVt) is adjustable on the live screen. Registration Level (Reg) is
adjustable on the live screen.
In the view above, the instrument range has been adjusted to properly position the
DGS/AVG curves on the screen. This screen shows the main DGS/AVG curve and a
warning curve at –6 dB.
11.3.3 Relative Attenuation Measurement

There are several methods for measuring the ultrasonic attenuation within a material.
Often the procedure is designed to measure absolute attenuation in a material. This
usually requires an immersion test setup and a time-consuming set of measurements.
For the purpose of flaw sizing with the DGS/AVG method, it might be suitable in
many conditions to measure relative attenuation in the test piece or calibration block
as needed. This section outlines one method of relative attenuation measurement that
is simple and has been found to be generally effective. There might be more suitable

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methods available. You must decide the most appropriate method to arrive at the
values for AcvSpecimen and AcvCalBlock based on the application and local
requirements.
Measurements:
Δ Vg = Gain difference between two successive back-wall echoes (d and 2d)
Δ Ve = From DGS/AVG diagram. Gain difference on back-wall curve from 1st to 2nd
back wall (d to 2d)
Calculations:
Δ Vs = Δ Vg - Δ Ve [mm]
Sound Attenuation Coefficient α = Δ Vs / 2d * 1000 [dB/m]
11.4 AWS D1.1/D1.5
11.4.1 Overview
The AWS D1.1 Software Option for the EPOCH XT has been created to assist
operators performing inspections covered under the American Welding Society D1.1
(or D1.5) Structural Welding Code for steel. This code provides you with a method to
classify discontinuities found in welds using ultrasonic inspection. This code uses the
following formula to develop an indication rating for a reflector found during an
inspection:
A–B–C=D
A = Discontinuity Indication Level (dB)
B = Reference Indication Level (dB)
C = Attenuation Factor: 2*(sound path in inches – 1 in.) (dB)
D = Indication Rating (dB)
The AWS D1.1/D1.5 inspector must take the Indication Rating (D) that is calculated
based on A, B, and C to an “Ultrasonic Acceptance – Rejection Criteria” table
produced by the AWS in order to classify the severity of the discontinuity that has
been located. As an inspection is performed, you are required to develop an AWS
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report that lists the values for all variables listed above as well as transducer
information, discontinuity length and location, and your overall evaluation of the
discontinuity.
For further details regarding the test equipment, methods, interpretation, and
classification requirements for these inspections, please refer to the AWS D1.1/D1.5
Code Book.
11.4.2 AWS D1.1/D1.5 and the EPOCH XT

Olympus has developed the AWS D1.1/D1.5 Software Option for the EPOCH XT with
the goal of simplifying inspector tasks and lowering the overall inspection time. This
is accomplished by having the EPOCH XT perform some required calculations
automatically and also by permitting you to document discontinuities in the
EPOCH XT’s data logger for reporting purposes.
The EPOCH XT can also transfer inspection data to the GageView Pro Interface
Program to aid in report generation. This program allows you to view the
instrument’s setup parameters, the waveform generated by a discontinuity, the
discontinuity’s sound path and location information, and all values for the AWS
D1.1/D1.5 formula variables.
11.4.3 Operating the AWS D1.1/D1.5 Software

The first step in operating the EPOCH XT for AWS D1.1/D1.5 inspections is to
calibrate the instrument for the transducer and test conditions. For information on the
Angle Beam Calibration of the EPOCH XT, see the calibration section of this manual
or the appropriate guidelines from the American Welding Society.
The AWS D1.1/D1.5 Software Option is activated in the [MEAS SETUP] menu >
Options tab as shown below:

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When AWS D1.1/D1.5 is activated, the function keys on the EPOCH XT take the
following assignments:
• [F1]: REF – You can store the REF B dB value from a reference reflector.
• [F2]: No function.
• [F3]: No function.
• [F4]: Scan dB – You can toggle the scanning gain between an operator-selected
value and zero dB.
• [F5]: AUTO–80 – You can bring a gated signal to 80 % FSH.
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After activation, you must set a REF B value in order to begin an inspection. This
number represents the gain level necessary to bring the echo from a reference reflector
to 80 % full-screen height (FSH). The reference reflector often is a side-drilled hole in
the calibration block used for the angle beam calibration. Other reference reflectors
may be used provided that they meet AWS requirements for these inspections.
In order to store a REF B value, you must gate the echo from the reference reflector
and bring the echo to 80 % FSH. This can be done by pressing [GAIN] and adjusting
the gain with the up and down arrow keys, or by pressing [F5] to automatically adjust
the gain to bring the echo to 80 % FSH. Once the echo has the appropriate amplitude,
press [F1] to store the value.
11.4.3.1 Adding Scanning Gain

AWS codes require that you enter a certain amount of scanning gain to the REF B dB
value. In doing so you can locate flaws that might be smaller or deeper in the test
piece than the reference flaw. By pressing [GAIN], you can enter the amount of
scanning gain necessary to perform the inspection as outlined by the AWS Code. Once
the scanning gain has been set up, press [F3] to turn off the scanning gain. Scanning
gain can also be turned on by [2nd F] followed by [GAIN].
When a discontinuity has been located within the test piece, the EPOCH XT provides
you with a D value corresponding to the discontinuity. However, in order to display a
D value, the gated echo must peak at an amplitude less than 110 % FSH. Often, you
will simply have to press the [F3] key to turn off the scanning gain to bring the echo
peak onto the screen. In some cases, further gain adjustments may be necessary.

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11.4.3.2 Calculating A and C Values

When a gated echo, whose peak is below 100 % FSH, is present, the EPOCH XT
automatically calculates the A and C values necessary to provide a D value. For A, the
EPOCH XT automatically calculates the required dB value to bring the gated echo to
80 % FSH. To calculate C, the EPOCH XT uses the data in the sound path calculator to
generate an attenuation factor.
In order for this calculation to be accurate, enter the correct thickness for the test
piece. The EPOCH XT displays the value for D in the measurement box chosen for the
AWS D1.1 rating. This is setup in the [MEAS SETUP] menu > Meas tab. An example
of this is seen in the following illustration.
11.4.3.3 Documentation
By pressing [SAVE] on the EPOCH XT, you can now save the data for this
discontinuity in the EPOCH XT data logger. At the bottom of an ID saved with AWS
D1.1 active, you see the values for A, B, C, and D. This data is viewable in the File
Review window.
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While using the EPOCH XT and the AWS D1.1 Software Option, it is your
responsibility to take into account any inspection conditions that could cause
variation in the displayed Indication Rating (D value). It is your responsibility to
interpret the meaning of echo indications and reported D values corresponding to
these indications properly.
11.5 B-scan
11.5.1 Description
The B-scan software option allows you to generate an easy to understand cross
sectional profile of test material. This view is used to verify acquired thickness
measurements, and also to provide a visual reference showing areas on the part with
critical thickness values.
A scanner equipped with an internal encoder mechanism maps the thinning areas by
providing transducer-location information (distance traveled) along with the
thickness reading. This feature increases the functional value of the B-scan as relative
location in the material is directly correlated with the depth at that location.
The B-scan has three separate operating modes:
• Bidirectional Encoded Mode: this mode requires the use of a bidirectional

encoder that keeps track of location information as data is collected in both
forward and backward directions.
• Unidirectional Encoded Mode: this mode requires the use of a bidirectional or
unidirectional encoder that keeps track of location information as data is collected
in the forward direction only.
• Manual Mode: this mode does not keep track of location information and does
not require the use of an encoder. This mode provides a continuous scan of
thickness data with no correlation to its location along the scan. Readings are
timed from 1 up to 1000 readings per second (controlled by the PRF setting) and
are not related to transducer movement.

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EPOCH XTs must be equipped with the hardware I/O port to accept the encoder cable
used for B-scans. The hardware I/O port is located to the right of the BNC or LEMO 01
transducer connectors. If required, installation of this port must be performed at an
authorized Olympus Service Center.
11.5.2 Choosing an Encoder and Accessories

Olympus offers a handheld portable scanner with an internal encoder (EP4/ENC) for
use with the B-scan option, which is well suited for a variety of applications. The
scanner and general B-scan package (EPXT-BSCAN-KIT-XX) are available with the
following optional accessories:
• Magnetic Wheels (EP4/MW)

• Extension Pole Bracket (EP4/EPB)
• Extended Probe Holder Wear Cap (EP4/EWC)
• Transducer and Encoder Cables of various lengths (†XCMD-316-‡YB,
EPXT-ENC-CBL-*Z)
†X = connector type indicating BNC or large LEMO. Replace X in the part number
with B to indicate a BNC connector, or L1 to indicate a large LEMO connector.
‡Y = transducer cable length indicating 10 ft., 25 ft., 50 ft., or 100 ft. Replace Y in the
part number with the desired cable length.
*Z = encoder cable length indicating 10 ft., 25 ft., 50 ft., or 100 ft. Replace Z in the part
number with the desired cable length.
You can use other encoders that have a standard TTL quadrature position encoder
and a four-conductor connection with a single +5 V power supply. You can also use a
remote control scanner to provide a more automated inspection.
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11.5.3 Getting Started
To configure the EPOCH XT and encoder cart

1. Secure the selected transducer, with attached cable, in the encoder cart’s probe
holder using the two tightening screws.
2. Connect the transducer cable into the BNC or LEMO connector on the
EPOCH XT. This cable provides the ultrasonic information from the transducer to
the EPOCH XT.
3. Attach the LEMO connector of the encoder cable into the encoder cart. The 16-pin
connector plugs into the 16 pin hardware I/O port on the top of the EPOCH XT.
4. You can also connect a couplant feed to the couplant feed port on the scanner,
which allows for continuous transducer coupling when used with a water pump
or pressurized couplant dispenser.
11.5.4 Performing A-Scan Calibration and Setup

Before entering the B-scan mode, it is extremely important that the EPOCH XT is
calibrated and set up properly in the A-scan screen.
To perform an A-scan calibration and setup

1. Calibrate the EPOCH XT for the appropriate transducer and material. (See
chapter 9 on page 91 for proper calibration procedures.)
2. Position Gate 1 so that the start of the gate is positioned prior to the minimum
expected thickness or at zero. NOTE: do not capture the initial pulse or interface
echo in Gate 1.
3. Position the end of Gate 1 after the maximum expected reading. NOTE: an echo
must break the gate for the EPOCH XT to detect it and display a B-scan data
point.
Upon entering the B-scan mode, the Gate Start and Gate End positions determine the
vertical scale of the B-scan. For the best resolution, position the gate as near as
possible near the minimum and maximum values expected. Use a slight buffer to
include potential unexpected values. When entering the B-scan mode, the EPOCH XT
automatically zooms the gate and expands the range until the gate represents a full
screen.

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11.5.5 Selecting a B-Scan Mode
To select a B-scan mode

1. Press [MEAS SETUP] to enter the Measurement Setup menu.
2. Under the Options tab, scroll down to highlight B-Scan, and then press the
[ENTER] key.
3. Press [F2] (On) to activate the B-scan option. Scroll down to select one of the
following Encoder Modes: Manual, Unidirectional, or Bidirectional.
Figure 11-1 Selecting B-scan from the Options menu
11.5.5.1 Setting Up the Manual Mode
To set up the Manual mode

1. Select the Manual B-scan option as the Encoder Mode.
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Figure 11-2 Selecting the Manual Update Rate Option
2. Press [ENTER] to select the Direction. This determines the direction that the data
is updated on the EPOCH XT screen. The EPOCH XT allows the Manual Scan to
run from either left to right or right to left (choosing 'Left to Right' causes the data
to start at the left of the screen and scroll to the right).
3. Set the Stop on Loss of Signal (LOS) condition. In doing so, the scan stops if there
is no signal in the gate. When a signal reappears the instrument inserts a blank
line in the scan. Press [F1] for (Off) or [F2] for (On).
4. Press [ENTER] to access the A-scan storage settings. See section 11.5.6 on
page 193 for further information.
5. Press [MEAS|RESET] to return to the live screen to begin a B-scan inspection.
11.5.5.2 Setting Up the Unidirectional Mode
To setup the Unidirectional mode

1. Select the Unidirectional B-scan option for Encoder Mode. (See section 11.5.5 on
page 188.)

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Figure 11-3 Selecting the Unidirectional Encoder Pulses Option
2. Press [ENTER] to select the Direction. This determines the direction that the data
is updated on the EPOCH XT screen. The EPOCH XT allows the Unidirectional
Scan to run from either left to right or right to left (choosing 'Left to Right' causes
the data to start at the left of the screen and scroll to the right.)
3. Press the down arrow to set the Encoder Pulses. The Encoder Pulses setting
defaults to the factory setting of 50 pulses/in. (2 pulses/mm), which matches the
specification of the scanner included with the Olympus B-scan kit. If you are
using the Olympus EP4/ENC encoder car, do NOT change this value. (See note in
the Bidirectional setup screen if it is necessary to change this selection.)
4. Press the down arrow to set the Take Reading Every parameter. This value is the
resolution of the B-scan. (See note in the Bidirectional setup screen for entering
the proper resolution.)
5. Press the down arrow to set the Start Co-ordinate for the B-scan. Use the slewing
keys to enter the appropriate value for the starting point of your inspection. This
value represents the first Distance Traveled (DT) value of the B-scan. For example,
if you are beginning the scan at the end of a pipe or plate, you might want to enter
a value of zero. If you are beginning a scan that is at a certain distance from the
end of the test piece, enter an appropriate value for that position. You might want
to mark the location on your material to indicate where you started the inspection
for later reference.
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11.5.5.3 Setting Up the Bidirectional Mode
To set up the Bidirectional mode

1. Select the Bidirectional B-scan option for Encoder Mode. (See section 11.5.5 on
page 188.)
Figure 11-4 Select Directional Encoder Pulses Option
2. Press the down arrow to set the Encoder Pulses. The Encoder Pulses setting
defaults to the factory setting of 50 pulses/in. (2 pulses/mm), which matches the
specification of the scanner included with the Olympus B-scan kit. If you are
using the Olympus EP4/ENC encoder car, do NOT change this value. (See note
below if it is necessary to change this selection.)

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If you are using a different scanner with a different optical encoder specification, you
should adjust the Encoder Pulses value accordingly. Adjust the pulses/in. value using
the slewing keys to select the correct number of encoder pulses per inch (millimeters)
specific to the encoder that you are using. Consult the encoder specification to
determine the appropriate encoder pulses value for your encoder.
3. Press the down arrow to set the Take Reading Every parameter. This value is the
resolution of the B-scan. Use the slewing keys to enter the desired resolution for
the B-scan based on the encoder resolution in pulses per in./mm. (See below for
entering the proper resolution.)
The desired B-scan resolution is limited to increments of the encoder resolution that
you are using. For example, if the encoder resolution is 50 pulses/in. (2 pulses/mm),
then the best resolution possible is 0.020 in. (0.5 mm). Each pulse from the encoder is
capable of taking readings in increments of 0.020 in. (0.5 mm). It is possible to take a
reading every other pulse, every third pulse, every fourth pulse, etc. Therefore, the
resolution can be changed in increments as follows:
0.020 in. (0.5 mm) - Take reading every 1 pulse
0.040 in. (1.0 mm) - Take reading every 2 pulses
0.100 in. (2.5 mm) - Take reading every 5 pulses, etc.
4. Press the down arrow to set the Start Co-ordinate for the B-scan. Use the slewing
keys to enter the appropriate value for the starting point of your inspection. This
value represents the first Distance Traveled (DT) value of the B-scan. For example,
if you are beginning the scan at the end of a pipe or plate, you might want to enter
a value of zero. If you are beginning a scan that is a certain distance from the end
of the test piece, enter an appropriate value for that position. You might want to
mark the location on your material to indicate where you have started the
inspection for later reference.
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11.5.6 A-Scan Storage Settings

The B-scan software can automatically save A-scans that are of interest to you while
performing a B-scan. The EPOCH XT can be set up to save A-scans corresponding to
the minimum depth (thickness reading) in a B-scan, to save A-scans when a
user-defined alarm is triggered during a scan, or to save all A-scans during the B-scan.
Select the A-scan storage mode by pressing the arrow keys. For each of the A-scan
storage modes below (except No Storage) the number of A-scans to be stored must be
selected. The maximum number of A-scans that can be saved is 200. With A-scan
storage active the maximum scan rate (PRF) is limited to 60 meas./s (60 Hz).
11.5.7 Operating the B-Scan Software

Once you have selected the proper settings for your inspection and returned to the
live screen, you are ready to begin your B-scan inspection.
The selected mode is indicated along the left edge of the B-scan. If this is not the
proper mode, return to the B-scan setup screen under the Options tab in the MEAS
SETUP menu. (See section 11.5.5 on page 188.)
Figure 11-5 Viewing the selected mode
You are now ready to begin collecting data. While in the collect mode, the EPOCH XT
function keys [F1] — [F4] are set up to perform the following actions:

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[F1] (Start): Start the collection of B-scan data. While the B-scan data is being collected,
the function over the [F1] key changes to Stop. This allows you to stop the data
collection during or at the completion of a B-scan.
[F2] (AScan): View the current live A-scan waveform. This can be done while the
B-scan is running or while the B-scan is stopped. While the A-scan is being viewed,
the function over the [F2] key changes to BScan, allowing you to toggle back to the
B-scan screen.
[F3] (A&BScan): View both the B-scan and the A-scan screens simultaneously in a
split-screen manner. The A-scan appears on the top-half of the screen, and the B-scan
replaces the instrument setup parameters on the bottom-half of the screen.
[F4] (New Scan): Initiate a new scan. A new scan clears any information in the
memory buffer. Be sure to save the B-scan before starting a new scan to avoid data
loss. (See section 10.1 on page 118.) After pressing [F4], you are prompted to verify
that this is the desired course of action.
To begin collecting data, press [F1]. As the scanner is moved, data is collected and
displayed as a cross-sectional image of the test material. The number of data points is
based on the movement of the encoder wheel in increments of the resolution entered
in the setup screen. The Bidirectional mode allows the scanner to move backwards;
B-scan data points are updated accordingly. This is especially useful when verifying
thin-material areas where an alarm condition exists.
Figure 11-6 Viewing a manual B-scan
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While collecting data, the information is temporarily stored in a memory buffer. The
EPOCH XT is capable of storing a maximum of 150,000 B-scan data points (thickness
readings) before the buffer is full. When the buffer becomes full, the scan stops. You
are then prompted to save the scan or start a new one. To prevent the loss of encoded
data, the DT reading flashes as a warning when the buffer is within 500 readings of
being full.
11.5.8 Reviewing Depth and Distance Traveled (DT) Information

It is possible to stop the B-scan and review depth information and correlating
distance-traveled values. At any time during the encoded B-scan, press [F1] to stop
the data collection.
A marker arrow appears in the place of the cursor on the display. Use the left and
right arrow keys to move this marker along the scan.
In Manual mode, the depth recorded at each data point is displayed. In one of the
encoded modes, the thickness reading along with the DT value at that point is shown.
Press [F1] again to restart the scan. The scan resumes at the cursor’s last position.
Once a B-scan is stopped, you can go back and review the saved B-scan data using the
slewing keys. When an A-scan has been saved for a corresponding B-scan point, the
A-scan is displayed on the A-scan screen (when the B-scan is being reviewed in
split-screen mode).
11.5.9 Operating Minimum Depth Alarm

The EPOCH XT is equipped with a minimum depth alarm, which is triggered
whenever the current thickness reading falls below an operator-defined level. The
minimum depth alarm appears as a cursor on Gate 1 in single-gate mode or on Gate 2
in Echo-to-Echo mode. The alarm level is displayed as a horizontal line across the
B-scan. The alarm is noted by a flashing A on the display and a continuous audible
tone. (See section 7.9.3 on page 82 for further information.)
When an area of signals triggers the minimum depth alarm, the color of the B-scan
changes. The color that the B-scan changes to is dependent on the color scheme and
scan-palette selections. This provides you with an additional alert that the current
thickness readings are below the minimum depth.

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You can only activate or modify the minimum-depth alarm prior to activating the
B-scan software. The minimum depth alarm cannot be manipulated after the B-scan
has been activated.
Figure 11-7 on page 196 shows a split A-scan / B-scan in review mode. Notice that an
automatically saved A-scan appears in the upper-half of the screen because the
minimum depth alarm on Gate 1 was triggered at the A-scan’s corresponding point in
the B-scan.
Figure 11-7 Viewing a split A-scan / B-scan
11.5.10 Operating Scan Speed Alarm

When acquiring B-scan data in one of the encoded modes, an alarm is triggered if the
scanner is moved too fast for the EPOCH XT to acquire and display data. The
encoder’s current scan rate (SR) is displayed on the top of the screen in the
measurement locations when operating in the B-scan mode. The scan rate for a B-scan
inspection is limited by the PRF of the scan.
• The maximum scan rate for B-scan inspections is 1000 meas./s (1000 Hz).
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• When the Floating Gate option is active, the maximum scan rate and PRF are
limited to 500 meas./s (500 Hz).
• With any of the A-scan storage methods active, the maximum scan rate and PRF
are limited to 60 meas./s (60 Hz).
If the encoder is moved too fast and exceeds these values, a scan speed alarm
condition is noted by an audible beep. Encoded Distance Traveled (DT) data is kept in
sync with the scanner, but no thickness data is drawn on the screen. The Bidirectional
mode allows the scanner to move in the opposite direction at a slower speed to
redraw these thickness values.
For fine scan resolution, move the scanner at a slower rate to avoid missing data
points. You can adjust the resolution in the B-scan mode selection screens.
11.5.11 Operating Floating Gate and B-Scan

The Floating Gate software option is included with the purchase of the B-scan
software option in the EPOCH XT. Floating Gate is used to track the peak echo
amplitude at between –6 dB and –14 dB of an echo. By using the floating gate, the
EPOCH XT provides a more consistent and accurate thickness reading particularly
when using the Edge measurement mode.
When Floating Gate software is active during a B-scan, the scan rate (PRF) of the
B-scan is limited to 500 meas./s (500 Hz).
Use this feature in either Peak or Edge measurement modes. In Edge mode, the
floating gate tracks the highest amplitude echo breaking the gate (100 % screen height
or less), but takes the measurement from the left-most echo breaking the gate. In the
Options menu, the Floating Gate is activated as shown in Figure 11-8 on page 198.

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Figure 11-8 Activating / deactivating the floating gate
When Floating Gate is active for Gate 1 or Gate 2, the EPOCH XT displays the selected
gain level under the gate level indicator (depending on the chosen settings). See the
example screenshot below showing the Floating Gate active with Gates 1 and 2 set at –
6 dB.
Figure 11-9 Active floating gate with two gates
In order to use the Floating Gate option with a B-scan, the Floating Gate must be set
up and active before the B-scan is activated. (See section 11.6 on page 201.)
In order to review the Depth and Distance Traveled information while Floating Gate
is active in B-scan mode, the gates do not appear on the instrument display when the
B-scan is stopped.
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11.5.12 Operating Echo-to-Echo Detection

The EPOCH XT is capable of acquiring a B-scan inspection while in Echo-to-Echo
detection mode as well as the standard Mode 1 measurement. This functionality
allows you to create cross-sectional images of a single layer within a part while
ignoring another layer such as a paint coating.
To set up the EPOCH XT to generate a B-scan in Echo-to-Echo mode, follow the

instructions on section 7.4 on page 76. Then, simply follow the steps detailed earlier in
this section and be sure to position both gates in order to capture anticipated
waveforms.
11.5.13 Saving B-Scan Data

The EPOCH XT internal data logger has the memory capacity to store individual file
IDs with up to 150,000 B-scan and 200 A-scan readings. B-scan files and
corresponding A-scans can be stored in any file type in the EPOCH XT. The most
common are calibration (CAL) files which are used for storing B-scan setups, and
incremental (INC) files, which are used for most B-scan inspection data storage.
In order to save B-scan calibration or inspection data (and corresponding A-scans) a

file must be created and opened in the instrument’s data logger. (For details on how to
create and open files, see chapter 10 on page 117.) Once the desired file has been
created and opened, press [SAVE] to save data into the open file. You can save B-scans
in either the Start or Stop mode. In the B-scan mode, there are two choices for saving
data:
• Save Screen [F1]: This saves a screenshot of the B-scan along with the instrument
setup. This saved instrument setup can be recalled as a setup if desired.
• Save Full [F2]: This saves the entire B-scan along with stored A-scans and the
instrument setup. This can be recalled as a setup if desired.

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Figure 11-10 Saving B-scan data
11.5.14 Viewing and Recalling Stored B-Scans

View stored B-scans, along with corresponding setup parameters, in the Review
screen in the Data Logger menu. The review screen can be accessed by pressing the
[2ND F] then [ID] keys, selecting the desired file in the Open tab, and pressing [F2]
(Contents.) When a Full B-scan has been saved, the instrument displays a compressed
B-scan view in the Review screen. When a B-scan screenshot has been saved, the
instrument displays an uncompressed view of the B-scan in the Review screen.
To recall the B-scan file and scan through the stored data, press [F3] (Recall) from the
Review screen, and then press [MEAS|RESET] to unfreeze the recalled data. Once
the B-scan file is recalled to the live screen, use the slewing keys to move the marker
along the scan to review thickness values. If the scan was done in an encoded mode,
relative Distance Traveled (DT) values correlate to the thickness measurements. Press
[F1] (Start) to re-start the scan at the cursor’s last position when the scan was saved.
11.5.15 Scan Color Palette

The EPOCH XT has three color scheme options for the B-scan color palette:
• Solid Color: thickness measurements are shown in a solid color for all thickness
ranges of the B-scan.
• Gray Scale: thickness measurements are displayed in a gray scale palette.
• Colored: thickness measurements for the B-scan are colored on a gradient scale
from red, for thin measurements, to blue, for thick measurements.
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To select a scan color palette, press [DISPLAY SETUP], and then select the Scan
Palette from the Color tab.
Figure 11-11 Scan palette selection
11.6 Floating Gate
11.6.1 Description
The Floating Gate software option is used to track the peak echo amplitude at a
specified gain level below that amplitude (–6 dB to –14 dB in 1 dB increments). The
Floating Gate option can be used in either Peak or Edge measurement modes (see
section 4.8.3 on page 59 for more information regarding the Gate modes). The
Floating Gate option provides a more consistent and accurate thickness reading,
particularly when using the Edge mode. In Edge mode, the Floating Gate tracks the
highest amplitude echo breaking the gate, but reports a digital measurement from the
edge of the first echo breaking the gate.

To activate and set up the Floating Gate software:

• Use the arrow keys to highlight the Options tab
• Press [ENTER] to enter the Options tab menu

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• Use the down arrow to select the FGate option
Figure 11-12 Activating Floating Gate software
• Select the desired gate(s) and press [F2] (On) to activate Floating Gate for the
selected gate.
• Press the down arrow to select the Level parameter. Select the desired gain level
by using the slewing keys (values range from –6 dB to –14 dB). The gate always
“floats” at this specified level below the amplitude of the signal within the gate.
When G1 Float or G2 Float is set to Off, that particular gate height can be adjusted
manually in the live screen through the gate level parameter.
• Once the desired gate levels have been selected, press the [MEAS/RESET] or
[MEAS SETUP] key to go back to the main screen.
When Floating Gate is active, the gate level display in the parameter section of the
EPOCH XT screen shows the setting for that particular gate. The figures below detail
an example in which Gate 1 is floating at the –6 dB point and Gate 2 at the –12 dB
point.
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Figure 11-13 Gate 1 Floating at –6 dB/Gate 2 Floating at –12 dB
11.6.3 Operating in –6 dB Mode

In –6 dB mode, the desired gate floats at 6 dB below the peak echo amplitude in the
gate. This corresponds to 50 % of the echo’s maximum height. The screen below
depicts Gate 1 with Floating Gate active in the –6 dB mode. Note that the gate is
exactly at 50 % of the echo peak amplitude (which is at approximately 80 %).
11.6.4 Operating in –12 dB Mode

In –12 dB mode, the desired gate floats at 12 dB below the peak echo amplitude in the
gate. This corresponds to 25 % of the echo’s maximum height. The screen below
depicts Gate 1 with Floating Gate active in the –12 dB mode. Note that the gate is
exactly at 25 % of the echo peak amplitude (which is at approximately 80 %).

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The Floating Gate option is not valid in RF mode. Also, Floating Gate cannot be
turned on or off while the screen is frozen.
Figure 11-14 Example of –12 dB mode
11.6.5 Using Gate Alarms

Individual gate alarms can be set while the Floating Gate is active. The minimum
depth alarm is most commonly used to monitor for thinning areas in the material
when Floating Gate is active and the Gates are in edge-detection mode.
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11.7 Advanced Filters
11.7.1 Description
The Advanced Filters Option takes advantage of the EPOCH XT's unique digital
receiver design and allows unprecedented filtering flexibility. This option allows you
to choose from 37 different filter settings. Such flexibility is nearly impossible in
instruments that have analog (hardware) filters due to the cost of additional
components and the board space required.
There are several distinct performance advantages that result from this option.
Specific performance improvements include:
• Performance improvement with low-frequency probes that are commonly used

for inspection of composites and plastics. Greater sensitivity and reduced
distortion are easily observed.
• Improved initial pulse (main bang) recovery with new DC coupled setups
compared to the standard lower frequency band-pass filter settings (0.2 MHz—
10 MHz, 1.5 MHz—8.5 MHz, etc.).
• Optimized broadband response from mid to high frequency transducers.
• Use of very low-frequency transducers (50 kHz—100 kHz range) for specialized
applications.
The filter selections that are now available in the EPOCH XT are listed below.
Standard Filters - Available in all EPOCH XTs
• 2.0 MHz—21.5 MHz

• 0.2 MHz—10.0 MHz
• 0.2 MHz—1.2 MHz
• 0.5 MHz—4.0 MHz
• 1.5 MHz—8.5 MHz
• 5.0 MHz—15.0 MHz
• 8.0 MHz—26.5 MHz
Advanced Filters - Available only with the Advanced Filters Option - Listed with an
“A” in front of the frequency range.
• A DC MHz—1.2 MHz

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• A BYPASS — This setting turns off all digital filtering
• A BYP_EXT—Same as above. Used at extended ranges
• A 0.2 MHz—4.0 MHz
• A 0.2 MHz—8.5 MHz
• A 0.2 MHz—15.0 MHz
• A 0.2 MHz—26.5 MHz
• A 0.2 MHz—BYP
• A 0.5 MHz—8.5 MHz
• A 0.5 MHz—10.0 MHz
• A 0.5 MHz—15.0 MHz
• A 0.5 MHz—26.5 MHz
• A 0.5 MHz—BYP
• A 1.0 MHz—3.5 MHz
• A 1.5 MHz—10.0 MHz
• A 1.5 MHz—15.0 MHz
• A 1.5 MHz—26.5 MHz
• A 1.5 MHz—BYP
• A 2.5 MHz—7.0 MHz
• A 5.0 MHz—10.0 MHz
• A 5.0 MHz—26.5 MHz
• A 5.0 MHz—BYP
• A 6.0 MHz—12.0 MHz
• A 8.0 MHz—15.0 MHz
• A 8.0 MHz—BYP

A new setup option has been created to allow you to setup the Advanced Filters in the
EPOCH XT. You can go to this tab to view all of the filters available in the instrument.
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To view this new Filters tab

• Use the arrow keys to highlight the Options tab
• Press [ENTER] to enter the Options tab menu
• Use the down arrow to select the Filters option
• Press [ENTER] to enter the option
• Use the down arrow key to scroll through the list of filters.
The first 7 selections listed are the standard EPOCH XT filters, the remaining 30
selections come with the Advanced Filters Option.
The EPOCH XT has been designed to meet all of the requirements of EN12668-1.
EN12668-1 contains many requirements that limit the bandwidth of a compliant flaw
detector. The seven standard filters on the EPOCH XT have been tested and are fully
compliant with the requirements of EN12668-1.
The remaining 30 Advanced Filter sets have not, and will not be tested according to
EN12668-1. Because of the stringent requirements of EN12668-1, some of the more
broadband filter settings in the Advanced Filter set are unlikely to pass the EN12668-1
test requirements.
If an inspection requires absolute compliance with EN12668-1, then the Advanced
Filters option should not be purchased or activated. Whenever an Advanced Filter is
in use consider that the EPOCH XT might not be compliant with EN12668-1.
Upon activation, all of the available filters are listed as “Enabled.” “Enabled” filters
are accessible through the live, main screen of the EPOCH XT by pressing the
[RECEIVER] key and highlighting the Filters group. All “Enabled” filters appear
over the F function keys for review and activation.
Since most operators do not need to use all of the available filters for their
application(s) it is possible to turn off the filter sets that are not needed. To disable a
filter:
• In the Filters menu in the [MEAS SETUP], highlight the filter to be disabled.
• Use the Left or Right Arrow key to change the selection from ENABLED to
DISABLED.
• Repeat as necessary to disable or enable other filter sets.

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Figure 11-15 Filters activation tab with enabled and disabled filters
11.7.3 Filter Setup Example

In the example below, only the filters for low-frequency transducer applications have
been enabled. All other filters have been disabled. Note that in the live screen, only
the activated filters appear above the F keys for activation. This is an easy way to
customize an instrument to meet the needs of a customer and it is much easier than
scrolling through 37 choices to find the desired filter.
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Figure 11-16 Filter setup example

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Appendix A: Cable Assembly
Cable Assembly 211

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212 Appendix A
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Appendix B: Sound Velocities
Table 11 on page 213 lists the ultrasonic velocity in a variety of common materials.
This is only a guide. The actual velocity in these materials might vary significantly
due to a variety of causes, such as composition, preferred crystallographic orientation,
porosity, and temperature. For maximum accuracy, establish the sound velocity in a
given material by first testing a sample of the material.
Table 11 Ultrasonic Velocities in a Variety of Common Materials
Material V (in./µs) V (m/s)
Acrylic resin (Perspex) 0.107 2730
Aluminum 0.249 6320
Beryllium 0.508 12900
Brass, naval 0.174 4430
Copper 0.183 4660
Diamond 0.709 18000
Glycerin 0.076 1920
Inconel 0.229 5820
Iron, Cast (slow) 0.138 3500
Iron, Cast (fast) 0.220 5600
Iron oxide (magnetite) 0.232 5890
Lead 0.085 2160
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Table 11 Ultrasonic Velocities in a Variety of Common Materials (continued)
Material V (in./µs) V (m/s)
Lucite 0.106 2680
Molybdenum 0.246 6250
Motor oil (SAE 20/30) 0.069 1740
Nickel, pure 0.222 5630
Polyamide (slow) 0.087 2200
Nylon, fast 0.102 2600
Polyethylene, high density (HDPE) 0.097 2460
Polyethylene, low density (LDPE) 0.082 2080
Polystyrene 0.092 2340
Polyvinylchloride, (PVC, hard) 0.094 2395
Rubber (polybutadiene) 0.063 1610
Silicon 0.379 9620
Silicone 0.058 1485
Steel, 1020 0.232 5890
Steel, 4340 0.230 5850
Steel, 302 austenitic stainless 0.223 5660
Steel, 347 austenitic stainless 0.226 5740
Tin 0.131 3320
Titanium, Ti 150A 0.240 6100
Tungsten 0.204 5180
Water (20 °C) 0.0580 1480
Zinc 0.164 4170
Zirconium 0.183 4650
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References
1. Folds, D. L. “Experimental Determination of Ultrasonic Wave Velocities in
Plastics, Elastomers, and Syntactic Foam as a Function of Temperature.” Naval
Research and Development Laboratory. Panama City, Florida, 1971.
2. Fredericks, J. R. Ultrasonic Engineering. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1965.
3. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Cleveland, Ohio: Chemical Rubber Co., 1963.
4. Mason, W. P. Physical Acoustics and the Properties of Solids. New York: D. Van
Nostrand Co., 1958.
5. Papadakis, E. P. Panametrics - unpublished notes, 1972.
Sound Velocities 215

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216 Appendix B
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Appendix C: Glossary
Table 12 Glossary
Term Definition
Acoustic A material property defined as the product of sound velocity (C)

Impedance and the material’s density (d).
Acoustic The boundary between two media of different acoustic

Interface impedance.
Acoustic Zero The point on the CRT display that represents the entry surface of
the specimen.
Amplifier An electronic device that increases the strength of a signal fed

into it by obtaining power from a source other than the input
signal.
Amplitude Referring to an indication on the CRT screen, the vertical height

of an indication measured from the lowest to the highest point on
the indication. In wave motion, the maximum displacement of the
particles of the material.
Angle Beam A transducer that transmits or receives the acoustic energy at an

Transducer angle to the surface to set up shear waves or surface waves in the
part being inspected.
A-scan Pulse-echo format wherein the CRT display shows the pulse
travel time in the horizontal direction (left to right) representing
the corresponding sound paths. The vertical direction (bottom to
top) displays the maximum value of the acoustic pressure echo
amplitude received by the probe.
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Table 12 Glossary (continued)
Term Definition
Attenuation The loss in acoustic energy that occurs between any two points of
travel. This loss may be due to absorption, reflection, and other
phenomena.
Attenuation The loss of sound pressure in a travelling wavefront caused by

(M.L.A.) the scattering of some of the wave’s sound pressure by the grain
structure and/or porosity of the medium, and by absorption, a
conversion of sound energy into heat.
Back or back- The echo received from the side of the specimen opposite the side
wall echo to which the transducer is coupled. This echo represents the
thickness of the specimen at that point.
Background Extraneous signals caused by sources within the ultrasonic

noise testing system and the material being tested.
Beam index The point on the base of an angle beam probe’s wedge from
point which the sound leaves the wedge and enters the specimen.
Cal block Material sound velocity for the calibration block.

velocity
Couplant A material (usually a liquid or gel) used between the transducer

and the test specimen to eliminate air from this space and thus
facilitate the passage of sound waves into and out of the
specimen.
Critical defect Either the largest tolerable defect or the smallest intolerable
defect. The critical defect size is usually given by a specification
or code.
Cross talk An unwanted condition affecting dual element transducers in

which acoustic energy travels from the transmitting crystal to the
receiving crystal by routes other than the intended path through
the material.
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Term Definition
Damping A variable resistance across the pulser circuit output which

(control) shapes the excitation pulse. Typically it is used to change pulse
characteristics to optimize either penetration (low damping) or
near surface resolution (high damping).
Note: High damping = Low damping ohms (50 Ω)

Low damping = High damping ohms (400 Ω)
Damping Any gel, rubber-like substance, or other material which, when

material used in the transducer, results in a shorter ringing time of the
piezoelectric crystal.
Decibel (dB) A unit which compares levels of power. Two power levels P1 and
P
P2, are said to differ by n decibels when: n = 10 log10  -----2-
P1
This unit is often used to express sound intensities. In this case,
P2 is the intensity of the sound under consideration and P1 is the
intensity of some reference level.
In the case of the displayed voltages on a cathode ray tube screen,
the relationship becomes:
V
n = 20 log10  -----2-
V1
Delay control Subcircuit of the sweep generator that permits a variably

adjustable time period from the sending of the trigger pulse to the
start of the sweep across the CRT.
Detectability The ability of a test system (instrument and transducer) to detect

or “see” a given size reflector. This is also known as “sensitivity.”
Distance A method of flaw evaluation that uses a test block with a known
amplitude size reflector at varying known distances from the transducer.
correction This allows you to plot a curve on the CRT screen that represents
(DAC) the amplitude of that size reflector throughout a given distance
range. This curve compensates for the loss of energy due to beam
spreading and attenuation.
Dual element A probe containing two piezoelectric elements, one which

probe transmits and one which receives.
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Term Definition
Dynamic range The ratio of maximum to minimum reflective areas that can be
distinguished on the cathode ray tube (usually based on decibel
ratios).
Electronic zero The point in time when the pulser fires the initial pulse to the
transducer and the point on the cathode ray tube screen where
the electron beam leaves the baseline due to the initial pulse
signal coming from the transmitter.
First critical The minimum incident angle in the first medium at which the
angle refracted longitudinal wave is eliminated from the test specimen.
Flaw A discontinuity that may be undesirable but does not necessarily

call for rejection.
Frequency The number of complete cycles undergone or produced by an

oscillating body in one second.
Gain Used in electronics with reference to an increase in signal power;

usually expressed as the ratio of the output power (for example,
of an amplifier) to the input power in decibels.
Gain (control) Selects the amount of calibrated gain (dB) available within the
instrument. Usually consists of a coarse gain control (additions at
20 dB increments), and a fine gain (additions at 1 dB or 2 dB
increments).
Gate An electronic baseline display used to electronically monitor

portions of the displayed range with reference to distance or
amplitude.
Hertz (Hz) The derived unit of frequency defined as the frequency of a

periodic phenomenon of which the period is one second; equal to
one cycle per second.
Symbol Hz
1 kilohertz (kHz) = 103 cycles per second
1 megahertz (MHz) = 106 cycles per second.
Horizontal A The smaller length (if rectangular) of the actual crystal. The
software computes the affective length automatically.
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Term Definition
Immersion A test method, useful for testing irregularly shaped parts, in

testing which the part to be tested is immersed in water (or other liquid)
so that the liquid acts as a couplant. The search unit is also
immersed in the liquid, but not in contact with the part being
tested.
Incidence, angle The angle between a sound beam striking an acoustic interface
of and the normal (that is, perpendicular) to the surface at that
point. Usually designated by the Greek symbol α (alpha).
Indication The signal displayed on the screen signifying the presence of a

sound wave reflector in the part being tested.
Indication The number of decibels of calibrated gain which must be set on

(defect) level the instrument to bring the indication (defect) echo signal to peak
at the reference line on the screen.
Initial pulse (IP) The pulse of electrical energy sent by the pulser to the transducer.
Leg In angle beam testing, the path the shear wave travels in a straight
line before being reflected by the opposite surface of the material
being tested.
Linearity, The characteristics of an ultrasonic test system indicating its

vertical, or ability to respond in a proportional manner to a range of echo
amplitude amplitudes produced by specified reflectors.
Linearity, The characteristics of an ultrasonic test system indicating its

horizontal, or ability to respond in a proportional manner to a range of echo
distance signals, produced by specified reflectors, variable in time, usually
a series of multiple back reflections.
Longitudinal Mode of wave propagation characterized by particle movement

wave parallel to the direction of wave travel.
Main bang Term used to describe the initial pulse voltage.
Mode Changing a portion of a sound beam’s energy into a wave of a

conversion different mode due to refraction at incident angles other than
zero degrees. In NDT, this usually involves conversion of
longitudinal waves into shear waves or surface waves.
Glossary 221
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Term Definition
Peaking up Maximizing the height of any indication displayed on the CRT

screen by positioning the main axis of the sound beam directly
over the reflector.
Penetration The ability of the test system to overcome material loss

attenuation, that is, the ability of the sound beam to bypass small
reflectors such as grain boundaries and porosity in the specimen.
Piezoelectric A family of materials (such as lead metaniobate, quartz, lithium

elements sulfate) that possess the characteristic ability to produce: a)
voltage differential across their faces when deformed by an
externally applied mechanical force, and b) change in their own
physical configuration (dimensions) when an external voltage is
applied to them.
Probe Another name for transducer or search unit.
Pulse repetition The frequency with which the clock circuit sends its trigger
rate or pulse pulses to the sweep generator and the transmitter, usually quoted
repetition in terms of pulses per second (pps).
frequency
Range The distance represented by the entire horizontal CRT screen

display.
Receiver That circuit of a flaw detector that receives both the initial pulse
voltage from the transmitter and the returning echoes (as
voltages) from the transducer. By passing these incoming signals
through certain subcircuits, the signals are rectified, filtered, and
amplified with the results send to the screen for display.
Reference echo The echo from a reference reflector.
Reference level The number of decibels of calibrated gain which must be set on
the instrument to bring the reference reflector signal to peak at
the reference line on the screen.
Reference line A predetermined horizontal line (usually dictated by

specifications) on the screen representing some percentage of
total screen height, at which reference echoes and indication
echoes are compared.
222 Appendix C
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Term Definition
Reference A reflector of known size (geometry) at a known distance, such as

reflector a flat-bottom hole.
Refraction, angle The angle of sound reflection in the wedge which is equal to the
of angle of incidence (also in the wedge.) The angle of reflectance is
measured from the normal to the reflected sound beam.
Registration The minimum detectable flaw size.
Reject (control) Also known as suppression, it limits the input sensitivity of the
amplifier in the receiver. “Grass” or scattering noise can be
reduced or eliminated from the screen by its use. On most analog
instruments it also destroys the vertical linearity relationship
between echo heights.
Resolution The ability of the test system (instrument and transducer) to

distinguish reflectors at slightly different depths.
Scanning level The number of dB’s of calibrated gain above the reference level
added to insure seeing potentially significant reflectors at the end
of the V-path in a weld inspection.
Second critical The minimum incident angle in the first medium at which the
angle refracted shear wave leaves the body of the test specimen.
Sensitivity The ability of the test system (instrument and transducer) to

detect a given size reflector at a given distance.
Signal-to-noise The ratio of amplitudes and indications from the smallest defect
ratio considered significant and those caused by random factors, such
as grain scattering or instrument noise.
Single element A probe containing only one piezoelectric element, which is used
probe to both transmit and receive sound.
Skip-distance In angle beam testing, the surface distance, which represents one
V-path of sound in the material.
Sound beam The characteristic shape of the ultrasonic wave sent into the
material.
Glossary 223
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Term Definition
Sound path The distance from the transducer beam index point to the
distance reflector located in the specimen, measured along the actual path
that the sound travels. Sometimes referred to as angular distance
in angle beam testing.
Straight beam A probe which transmits the sound into the material
probe (normal perpendicular to the entry surface.
beam probe)
Surface wave Mode of wave propagation characterized by an elliptical

movement of the particles (molecules) on the surface of the
specimen as the wavefront moves forward, this movement
penetrating the specimen to a depth of one wavelength.
Through A test method in which the vibrations emitted by one search unit
transmission are directed toward, and received by, another search unit. The
ratio between quantity of vibration sent and received is a measure
of the integrity, or quality of the material being tested.
Time varied gain Circuit that automatically adjusts gain so that the echo amplitude
(TVG) of a given size reflector is displayed at a constant screen height
regardless of the distance to that given size reflector.
Transducer A device that transforms one form of energy into another.
Transmitter Circuit of the flaw detector that sends the initial pulse voltage to
both the transducer and receiver.
Ultrasonic Of or relating to frequencies above the human audible range; for

example: above 20,000 cycles/s (Hertz).
Ultrasonics Study of pressure waves which are of the same nature as sound
waves, but which have frequencies above the human audible
limit, for example: above 20,000 cycles/s (Hertz).
V-path The angular distance sound travels, measured from the top
surface of the material to the bottom, and reflecting back up to the
top surface.
Vertical B The larger length (if rectangular) of the actual crystal. The
software computes the “affective length” automatically.
224 Appendix C
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Term Definition
Wavelength The distance between like points on successive wavefronts; for

example: the distance between any two successive particles of the
oscillating medium that are in the same phase. It is denoted by
the Greek letter λ (lambda).
Glossary 225
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
226 Appendix C
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Appendix D: EPOCH XT EN12668-1 Technical

Specifications
Table 13 Instrument Technical Specifications
EPOCH XT Technical Specifications

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Symbol Units Min Typical Max specifica-
Condition criteria
Test parameter EN12668-1 tion
and comment
Instrument
Size in. 10.91 ×

7.35 × 2.79
Weight w/battery lb 4.5
Storage temp. w/battery °C –20 60
wo/battery °C –40 70
Operating temp. w/battery °C –30 50
Warmup period @25 °C min. 30
Power supplies Battery

(main)
External
power
EPOCH XT EN12668-1 Technical Specifications 227

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Table 13 Instrument Technical Specifications (continued)

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Instrument (cont.)
Voltage range Li-ion battery V 9 10.8 12

for battery
operation NiMH 10 12 14
battery
6 × C pack 6 9 9.5
alkaline
battery
6 × C pack 6 7.2 8.4

NiMH
battery
Voltage range V 23.5 24 24.5

with external
power supply
Power W 6 7 11
consumption
Environmental IP67
protection
Shock Tests to be TBD

resistivity performed
Vibration Tests to be TBD

performed
Battery Operating Time
Li-ion battery hour 9.5 10 10.5

(Smart)
NiMH hour 5
6 × C-cell hour 2
alkaline
6 × C-cell hour 2.3

NiMH
Stability after After 30 min. 9.3.2

warmup time
Amplitude <|±2| % 0.5 0.5 1 |±1|
Time-of-Flight <|±1| % 0.02 0.02 0.05 |±5|
228 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Battery Operating Time (cont.)
Stability against 8.2 <|±5| %/10 °C 0 0.5 1 |±2.5|

temperature
variation 8.2 <|±1| %/10 °C 0.002 0.05 0.03 |±5|
Stability against Amplitude 9.3.4 <|±2| % 0.5 0.5 0.5 |±1|

voltage
variation Time of flight 9.3.4 <|±1| % 0.002 0.002 0.05 |±0/5|
Low battery No warning yes

warning w/C-cell
batteries
Type of Sockets
Probe BNC/
connection LEMO
I/O interface USB

client/host
Alarm outputs 16-pin

LEMO
connector
External power Minipower Switchcraft

supply jack 712A
Case VALOX Plastic
Documentation Technical
reference
manual

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Transmitter
Shape Square wave

pulse
Frequency band MHz 1
MHz 2
MHz 4
MHz 5
MHz 10
MHz 12.5
MHz 20
Spectrum for Energy=50 V; 8.3.4 Figure D-1

square Damp=50
(F=1.0 MHz) Energy=50 V; 8.3.4 Figure D-2

Damp=400
Energy=475 V; 8.3.4 Figure D-3

Damp=50

Damp=400

square Damp=50
(F=2.0 MHz) Energy=50 V; 8.3.4 Figure D-6

Damp=400

Damp=50

Damp=400
230 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Transmitter (cont.)

square Damp=50
(F=4.0 MHz) Energy=50 V; 8.3.4 Figure

Damp=400 D-10
Energy=475 V; 8.3.4 Figure

Damp=50 D-11
Energy= 8.3.4 Figure

475 V; D-12
Damp=400
Spectrum for Energy=50 V; 8.3.4 Figure

square Damp=50 D-13

Damp=400 D-14

Damp=50 D-15

Damp=400 D-16

square Damp=50 D-17

Damp=400 D-18

Damp=50 D-19

Damp=400 D-20

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Transmitter (cont.)

square Damp=50 D-21

Damp=400 D-22

Damp=50 D-23

Damp=400 D-24

square Damp=50 D-25

Damp=400 D-26

Damp=50 D-27

Damp=400 D-28
Damping Ω 50
Ω 63
Ω 150
Ω 400
232 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Transmitter (cont.)
Energy V 50
V 100
V 150
V 200
V 300
V 400
V 475
Pulse repetition 8.3.2 Hz 10 Optimum 1000

frequency
Pulse repetition Range<8 µs 8.3.2 ±20 %TS Hz 999.9 1000 1000.1 1000
frequency in
manual mode Range 8.3.2 ±20 %TS Hz 529.9 540 540.1 540
<200 µs
Range 8.3.2 ±20 %TS Hz 259.9 260 260.1 260

<500 µs
Range 8.3.2 ±20 %TS Hz 139.9 140 140.1 140

<1000 µs
Range 8.3.2 ±20 %TS Hz 69.9 70 70.1 70

<2000 µs
Range 8.3.2 ±20 %TS Hz 39.9 40 40.1 40

<3000 µs
Range 8.3.2 ±20 %TS Hz 29.9 30 30.1 30

<4000 µs
Operating Pulse-echo
modes test mode
Dual test
mode
Through test
mode

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Characteristics of transmitter pulse
Pulse voltage Damping = 9.4.2 ±10 %TS | V50| V 275 250 225 250±10 %
50 Ω;
energy=
Pulse rise time 475 V; 9.4.2 <maxTS tr ns 10 <25
freq=
Pulse duration 1 MHz; 9.4.2 ±10 %TS td ns 450 495 550 500±10 %
PRF=
10 Hz
Effective output 8.3.3 ±20 %TS Z0 Ω 24 30 36 30±20 %
impedance

50 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
10 Hz
impedance
400 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
10 Hz
impedance

400 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
10 Hz
impedance
234 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Characteristics of transmitter Pulse (cont.)
50 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
1000 Hz
impedance

50 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
1000 Hz
impedance
400 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
1000 Hz
impedance

400 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
1000 Hz
impedance

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
50 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
10 Hz
impedance

50 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
10 Hz
impedance
400 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
10 Hz
impedance

400 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
10 Hz
impedance
236 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
50 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
1000 Hz
impedance

50 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
1000 Hz
impedance
400 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
1000 Hz
impedance

400 Ω;
energy=
freq=
PRF=
1000 Hz
impedance

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Receiver
Crosstalk 8.4.2 >=80 dB 83 90 92 >80

damping from
transmitter to
receiver
Accuracy of Fine gain 9.5.4 <|±1| dB –0.2 0 0.2 |±0.5|

calibrated attenuator
attenuator
Course gain 9.5.4 <|±2| dB |0.1| |0.2| |0.33| |±1.5|
attenuator
Amplifier frequency
Filter 0.2 MHz—1.2 MHz
Lower 9.5.2 TI MHz 0.2

frequency range
Max frequency 9.5.2 fmax MHz 0.57
Upper 9.5.2 fµ MHz 1.21

frequency range
Center 9.5.2 ±5 %TS f0 MHz 0.49 0.48

frequency range
Bandwidth 9.5.2 ±10 %TS Δf MHz 1.02 1.0
Filter 0.5 MHz–4 MHz

frequency range

frequency range
Center 9.5.2 ±5 %TS f0 MHz 1.39 1.4

frequency range
238 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Filter 1.5 MHz–8.5 MHz

frequency range

frequency range
Center 9.5.2 ±5 %TS f0 MHz 3.55 3.6

frequency range

frequency range

frequency range
Center 9.5.2 ±5 %TS f0 MHz 8.45 8.45

frequency range
Bandwidth 9.5.2 ±10 %TS Δf MHz 10.00 10

frequency range
Max frequency 9.5.2 fmax MHz 15

frequency range
Center 9.5.2 ±5 %TS f0 MHz 14.44 14.6

frequency range
Bandwidth 9.5.2 ±10 %TS Δf MHz 18 18.0

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Amplifier frequency (cont.)
Filter 2.0 MHz–21.5 MHz - Broadband

frequency range

frequency range
Center 9.5.2 ±5 %TS f0 MHz 6.27 6.3

frequency range
Filter 2.0 MHz - “Axle inspection FR”

frequency range

frequency range
Center 9.5.2 ±5 %TS f0 MHz 2.16 2.2.

frequency range

frequency range

frequency range
Center 9.5.2 ±5 %TS f0 MHz 3.37 3.4

frequency range
240 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Amplifier frequency (cont.)

frequency range

frequency range
Center 9.5.2 ±5 %TS f0 MHz 5.27 5.2

frequency range
Dynamic range
Fo= 0.5 MHz Filter 8.4.4 >=100 dB 120 106

0.2 MHz-
1.2 MHz
Fo= 1.4 MHz Filter 8.4.4 >=100 dB 117

0.5 MHz-
4.0 MHz
Fo= 3.6 MHz Filter 8.4.4 >=100 dB 114

1.5 MHz-
8.5 MHz
Fo= 8.45 MHz Filter 8.4.4 >=100 dB 115

5.0 MHz-
15.0 MHz
Fo= 14.6 MHz Filter 8.4.4 >=100 dB 109

8.0 MHz-
26.5 MHz
Fo= 6.6 MHz Filter 8.4.4 >=100 dB 109

2.0 MHz-
21.5 MHz
Fo= 2.2 MHz Filter 8.4.4 >=100 dB 121 120

2.0 MHz
Fo= 3.4 MHz Filter 8.4.4 >=100 dB 121 120

3.0 MHz
Fo= 5.3 MHz Filter 8.4.4 >=100 dB 121 120

5.0 MHz

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Equivalent input noise
Fo= 0.5 MHz Filter 9.5.3 <80 nin nV ν Hz 38.4 44.1 72

0.2 MHz-
1.2 MHz
Fo= 1.4 MHz Filter 9.5.3 <80 nin nV ν Hz 25.3 46.6

0.5 MHz-
4.0 MHz

1.5 MHz-
8.5 MHz
Fo= 8.45 MHz Filter 9.5.3 <80 nin nV ν Hz 29.1 50

5.0 MHz-
15.0 MHz
Fo= 14.6 MHz Filter 9.5.3 <80 nin nV ν Hz 33.5 56

8.0 MHz-
26.5 MHz

2.0 MHz-
21.5 MHz

2.0 MHz

3.0 MHz

5.0 MHz
242 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Dead time after transmitter pulse
Fo= 0.5 MHz Filter 8.4.3 >=10 µs 0.27 1.00 2.0

0.2 MHz-
1.2 MHz
Fo= 1.4 MHz Filter 8.4.3 >=10 µs 0.27 1.00

0.5 MHz-
4.0 MHz
Fo= 3.6 MHz Filter 8.4.3 >=10 µs 0.25 0.27

1.5 MHz-
8.5 MHz
Fo= 8.45 MHz Filter 8.4.3 >=10 µs 0.28 1.00

5.0 MHz-
15.0 MHz
Fo= 14.6 MHz Filter 8.4.3 >=10 µs 0.54 1.00

8.0 MHz-
26.5 MHz
Fo= 6.6 MHz Filter 8.4.3 >=10 µs 0.28 0.54

2.0 MHz-
21.5 MHz
Fo= 2.2 MHz Filter 8.4.3 >=10 µs 0.02 0.25

2.0 MHz
Fo= 3.4 MHz Filter 8.4.3 >=10 µs 0.04 0.25

3.0 MHz
Receiver input impedance
Dual mode, Through mode
Rmax@Gain= |Rmax- 8.4.5 Rmax Ω 461 464 R_D<=

Max Rmin|/ 0.05
Rmax=
Rmax@Gain= R_D<=0.1 8.4.5 Rmin Ω 461 464
Min @F=4 MHz
Cmax@Gain= |Cmax- 8.4.5 Cmax pF 104 105 C_D<=

Max Cmin|/ 0.075
Cmax=
Cmax@Gain= C_D<=0.15 8.4.5 Cmin pF 103
Min @F=4 MHz

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Receiver input impedance (cont.)
P/E mode
Rmax@Gain= |Rmax- 8.4.5 <=0.1 Rmax Ω 152 162 R_PE<=

Max Rmin|/ 0.1
Rmax=
Rmax@Gain= R_PE<=0.1 8.4.5 Rmin Ω 152 162
Min @F=4 MHz
Cmax@Gain= |Cmax- 8.4.5 <=0.15 Cmax pF 128 132 C_PE<=

Max Cmin|/ 0.075
Cmax=
Cmax@Gain= C_PE<=0.15 8.4.5 Cmin pF 128 132
Min
Monitor
Number of 2
gates
Alarm logic Off
Pos
Neg
Mindep
Alarm warning Beeper, Audio

alarm
outputs,
visual
Gate edge
measurement
points peak
first peak
Start (gate) Steel mm 0 within 12700

longitudinal range
velocity
Steel in. 0 within 500

longitudinal range
velocity
µs 0 within 4500
range
244 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Monitor (cont.)
Width (gate) Steel mm 0.12 within 12700

longitudinal range
velocity
Steel in. 0.005 within 500

longitudinal range
velocity
µs 0.04 within 4500

range
Zoom Full-screen mm 1.82 12700

width
in. 0.072 500
µs 0.63 4500
Gates with adjustable threshold
Switching Filter 8.5.3 <|±2| % 0.25 0.5 <|±1.0|

hysteresis with 2.0 MHz-
adjustable 21.5 MHz
threshold for Gate 1,
Gate 2
Hold time for PRF= 8.5.4 ±20 %TS ms 101.25 100

switched output 10 Hz
PRF= 8.5.4 ±20 %TS ms 0.9854 1

1000 Hz

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Monitor (cont.)
Gates with fixed threshold
Switching No analog 8.5.2 N/A

hysteresis with output
fixed threshold
Impedance of 8.6.1 N/A

proportional
gate output
Linearity of 8.6.2 N/A

proportional
gate output
Frequency of 8.6.3 N/A

proportional
gate output
Noise of 8.6.4 N/A

proportional
gate output
Influence of 8.6.5 N/A

signal position
within the gate
Effect of pulse 8.6.6 N/A

shape on
proportional
gate output
Rise, fall, and 8.6.7 N/A

hold time
Display
Type Active, color

QVGA
Full and
split-screen
Display mm 74.76H x
dimensions 101.28W
in. 2.943H x
3.987W
Resolution Number of 320 × 240

pixels
246 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Display (cont.)
Backlight Yes
A-scan display
Linearity of All meas

vertical display w/ Gain=
40 dB
Filter 9.5.5 <|±2| %FSH 0 0.5 1 <|±2|

0.2 MHz -
1.2 MHz
Filter 9.5.5 <|±2| %FSH 0 0.5 1 <|±2|

0.5 MHz -
4.0 MHz
Filter 9.5.5 <|±2| %FSH 0 0.5 1 <|±2|

1.5 MHz -
8.5 MHz
Filter 9.5.5 <|±2| %FSH 0 0.5 1 <|±2|

5.0 MHz -
15.0 MHz
Filter 9.5.5 <|±2| %FSH 0 0.5 1 <|±2|

8.0 MHz -
26.5 MHz
Filter 9.5.5 <|±2| %FSH 0 0.5 1 <|±2|

2.0 MHz -
21.5 MHz
Filter 9.5.5 <|±2| %FSH 0 0 0.5 <|±2|

2.0 MHz
Filter 9.5.5 <|±2| %FSH 0 0 0.5 <|±2|

3.0 MHz
Filter 9.5.5 <|±2| %FSH 0 0 0.5 <|±2|

5.0 MHz
Linearity of Filter 9.6 <|±1| % 0 0 0.1 <|±0.5|

base time 2.0 MHz -
21.5 MHz
All ranges
Display jitter
Amplitude 9.3.3 <|±2| %FSH 0 0.5 <|±1|
Position 9.3.3 <|±1| %FSW 0 0.002 <|±0.1|

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Measurement Resolution
Sound path 0.001— mm 0.01

999.99
1000.0— mm 0.1
9999.9
10000.0— mm 1
12700
0.001— in. 0.001

99.999
100.00— in. 0.01

500.00
0.001— µs 0.001
99.999
100.00— µs 0.01
999.99
1000.0— µs 0.1
4500.0
Temporal resolution
tA1 Filter 8.4.7 ns 130 135 144

2.0 MHz -
21.5 MHz
tA2 8.4.7 ns 150 135 161
Display width Steel mm 1.82 within 12700

(range) longitudinal range
velocity
in. 0.072 within 500
range
µs 0.63 within 4500

range
Display delay Steel mm –57.7 within 12700

longitudinal range
velocity
in. 2.272 within 500
range
µs –20 within 4500

range
248 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Temporal resolution (cont.)
Automatic Zero offset Yes

calibration and velocity
Material Resolution in./µs 0.025 0.6

velocity 0.000 in./s
Resolution m/s 635 15240

1 m/s
Trigonometry
Angle of Resolution grad 10 85

refraction 0.1
Increments grad 0.1
Thickness to calc. sound mm 0 635

reflec. path
data in. 0 25
Pipe outside with curved mm 10 7620

diameter surface
correction in. 0.4 300
SW option
Image processing
Reading to be For Gate 1, 0 4 5

displayed Gate 2
Time-of-flight Yes
Sound path Yes

difference
Surface Yes
distance
Depth position Yes
Amplitude in. Yes

% curve
Amplitude in with Yes

dB reference
gain
Alarm For Gate 1, Yes

Gate 2

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Image processing
Evaluation Yes
curve (DGS)
Evaluation Yes
curve
(DAC/TVG)
Legs Change of Yes

calculations grid lines and
leg indicator
for each gate
Signal Display Mode
A-scan and outline

envelope
filled
Signal processing
Screen freeze Yes
Peak memory Yes
A-scan compare with peak Yes

hold
Envelope mode with peak Yes

memory
Peak hold Yes
Zoom A-scan on Yes

full-screen
width
Status Yes
information
Dialog 11
languages
Function lock Yes
Amplitude evaluation
DAC Distance 8.4.6 <|±1.5| dB

amp.
correction
250 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Amplitude evaluation (cont.)
Number of 2 – 50
reference
echoes
Dynamic range For TVG dB 0 110
Slope max dB/µs 0 600
DGS Distance gain Yes

sizing
Number of Straight ea 13
probes beam
Angle beam ea 37
Dual ea 14
Custom ea 14
programable
w/GageView
SW
Reference Back wall

reflectors
Side-
drilled
hole
K1-IIW
Block Arc
K2-DSC
Block Arc
Flat
Bottom
Hole
Attenuation Yes
correction
Transfer Yes
correction
Quadrant Yes
correction
(Delta Vk)

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Amplitude evaluation (cont.)
DAC Mode Yes
Curve Evaluation Yes

curve
TVG Depth Yes

compen-
sation
Additional 3
curves
Curve offset Yes
Data processing
A2D conversion
Sample MHz 100

frequency
Storage of data Yes
Number of data Waveforms/ 10000

sets Thickness
Content of A-scan +
datasets identifiers +
setup +
readings
Dataset Alpha-
description numeric
String length 8
(dataset name)
Identifier 20
Description 32
Inspector ID 32
Location notes 32
Date and time Yes
252 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Data processing (cont.)
Measurement results
Sound path For Gate 1, Yes

(TOF) Gate 2
Trigono- Selectable
metrical values
Amplitude Selectable
Function list For Gate 1, Yes

Gate 2
Test report Yes
Interfaces
Beeper For Gate 1, Yes

Gate 2
Digital interface
USB host USB host Yes

port
USB client USB client Yes

port
Gate alarm Two gates Yes

outputs standard
Gate 1, 2, and
combined
Additional Tests for Digital Ultrasonic Instruments
Linearity of Filter 8.7.2 <|±1.5| % 0 0.1 0.2 |±0.5|

time-base 8.0 MHz -
25.0 MHz
all ranges
Filter
2.0 MHz -
21.5 MHz
(Fo=MHz)
Digitization Rect. mode: 8.7.3 <|±5| % 0.5 1.5 2.5 |±5|

sampling error RF and
FULL
(all filters)

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011

Description
Technical
Acceptance
Condition criteria
and comment
Additional Tests for Digital Ultrasonic Instruments (cont.)
Response time PRF= 8.7.4 Manuf. spec ms 100 1/PRF

(does not 10 Hz ±10 %
depend on the
filter settings by PRF= 8.7.4 Manuf. spec ms 10
design) 100 Hz
PRF= 8.7.4 Manuf. spec ms 1

1000 Hz
Figures
Figure D-1
254 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure D-2
Figure D-3

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure D-4
Figure D-5
256 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure D-6
Figure D-7

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure D-8
Figure D-9
258 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure D-10
Figure D-11

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure D-12
Figure D-13
260 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure D-14
Figure D-15

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure D-16
Figure D-17
262 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure D-18
Figure D-19

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure D-20
Figure D-21
264 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure D-22
Figure D-23

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure D-24
Figure D-25
266 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure D-26
Figure D-27

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Figure D-28
268 Appendix D
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Appendix E: Parts List
Table 14 EPOCH XT Ultrasonic Flaw Detector
Part Description
EPXT-BHA-UE-L EPOCH XT Flaw Detector with BNC connectors, HW I/O,

Analog Out, US power supply, English keypad, and lithium-
ion battery
EPXT-LH-UE-L EPOCH XT Flaw Detector with LEMO 00 connectors, HW

I/O, US power supply, English keypad, and lithium-ion
battery
Table 15 Items Included with the EPOCH XT (spares can be purchased)
Part Description
EPXT-BAT-L Lithium-ion battery
EPXT-BAT-N NiMH battery
EP-MCA-X Mini Charger Adaptor (“X”= Power Cord Configuration)
EPXT-CELL C-Cell Battery Foam Block
EPXT-MAN Instruction Manual
EPXT-TC Plastic Transport Case
EPXT-PS Stainless Steel Pipe Stand
EPXT-HS Hand Strap
Parts List 269

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Table 16 Instrument Software Options
Part Description
EPXT-AWS AWS Weld classification software
EPXT-DGS-AVG Onboard DGS/AVG option
EPXT-BSCAN B-scan software option
EPXT-FG Floating Gate software option
EPXT-FILTERS Advanced Digital Filters option
Table 17 GageView PRO Interface Program and Accessories
Part Description
GAGEVIEW- GageView PRO Interface Program (includes EP4P/C-USB-6

PRO-KIT-USB PC interface cable)
GAGEVIEWPRO GageView PRO Interface Program (software only)
Table 18 Optional Hardware Accessories
Part Description
EP4P/C-USB-6 USB Connection Cable
EPXT-EC External Stand-Alone Battery Charger
EPXT-RPC Rubber Protective Carrying Case
EPXT-RPC-W White Rubber Protective Carrying Case
EPXT-SS Sunshade
EP4/CH Chest Harness
EPXT-DP Screen Protective Cover (Qty. 10)
EPXT-BNC-CAPS Set of two (2) BNC Connector Caps
270 Appendix E
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Table 18 Optional Hardware Accessories (continued)
Part Description
EPXT-LEMO-CAP Rubber Cap for LEMO Transducer Connectors
EPXT-HWIO-B HW I/O Option with BNC Connector Plate
EPXT-HWIO-L HW I/O Option with LEMO Connector Plate
EPXT-C-16HW-6 HW I/O Cable, 6 ft
EPXT-C-16HW-20 HW I/O Cable, 20 ft
EPXT-C-25PRL-6 Parallel Port Cable (25 pin to 25 pin)
EPXT-ENC-CBL-10 B-scan Encoder Cable, 10 ft
EBXT-BSCAN-KIT-10 B-scan kit (Includes EPXT-BSCAN Software, EP4/ENC

Encoder, EPXT-ENC-CBL-10)



Parts List 271

910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
272 Appendix E
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
Index
Numerics advanced filters 205

–12 dB Mode 203 improved initial pulse 205
2-D (two-dimensional) 127 optimized broadband response 205
2-D EPRI 136 option 70
2-D grid 127 performance improvement 205
2-D grid file 130 very low-frequency transducers 205
2-D matrix grid with custom point 131 advanced filters option 205
3-D (three-dimensional) 133 alarm
3-D grid 132 condition storage 83
3-D grid structure 133 conditions 83
3-D matrix grid 132 minimum depth 82
–6 dB mode 203 alarm, minimum depth 83
alkaline C-Cell batteries 26
A amp to curve 159
A value 184 amplitude resolution 157
about the document 14 amplitude-to-curve 159
absolute attenuation 179 analog output 86
access Reject function 71 angle beam
accessories choice, for encoder 186 calibration 106
activate inspection 77
peak hold 74 transducer calibration 106
peak memory 73 annual maintenance 22
active file (survey) 139 Appendix A 211
active/inactive options 151 cable assembly 211
adding Appendix B 213
gain 161, 168, 183 sound velocities 213
transfer correction 164 Appendix C 217
adjusting glossary 217
gain 163 Appendix D 227
pulser/receiver 63 technical specifications 227
system sensitivity 63 Appendix E 269
adjusting system sensitivity 63 parts list 269
adjustment with enter and slewing keys 28 A-scan
Index 273
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
calibration 187 bidirectional hand strap 19

display BNC connectors 18
full-screen 37 boiler applications 134
split-screen 37 boiler file 134
storage settings 193 B-scan 185, 193
tab 49 A&BScan 194
waveform 38 AScan 194
ASME 154 color palette 200
ASME DAC mode 155 mode
ASME-3 154 bidirectional encoded 185, 191
ASME-3 DAC mode 156 manual 185, 188
ASTM unidirectional encoded 185, 189
E-164 IIW type I block 110 New Scan 194
attenuating materials 170 resolution 192
attenuation selection 188
calculations 180 software 193
measurement 179, 180 start 194
audience 15 stored 200
AUTO–80 % 64 building TVG table 171
with Gate 1 64
C
with Gate 2 64
AUTO–XX% C value 184
feature, use of 64 calculating values 184
AWS D1.1 180 calibrating
EPOCH XT 181 for distance 110
software 181 for sensitivity 114
with angle beam transducer 106
B with delay-line transducer 97
back-wall echoes 101 with dual element transducer 101
bandwidth 69 with straight-beam transducer 93
battery calibration 91, 121
C-Cell alkaline use 26 angle beam 106
charging the 25 delay line 97
compartment 19 dual element 101
door seal 20 files 121, 199
insert new 25 zero (offset) 91
operating time 24 calibration block
replacing the 25 type I 110
storage 26 type II 110
type 20 Canada, ICES-001 compliance 10
warning 25 caution note
battery-life symbol 24 use compatible equipment 6
beam index point location 107 chapters
bidirectional adjusting pulser/receiver 63
hand strap 19 calibrating EPOCH XT 91
mode 194 EPOCH XT physical features 17
274 Index
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
gates 75 customized curves

input and output features 85 activation 166
managing basic operations 27 setup 166
managing instrument data logger 117
D
managing special waveform functions 71
operating power supply 23 D value 183, 184
preface 13 DAC
software features and options 151 curve 153
charger, external 26 gain 163
charger/adaptor 23, 26 option 165
part number EP-MCA 23 DAC curve, completed 164
charging battery 25 DAC/TVG 153, 154, 161
chest harness 21 DACGain 160
China RoHS 3 damping
color palette 200 control 67
B-scan 200 option selection 68
color, tab 48 data
comments 15 creating files 119
common parameters 28 file types 120
compartment, battery 19 data logger
compatibility with instrument 5 menu 119
completed DAC curve 164 storage capacity 118
compliance data logger, saved information
EMC directive 9 alarm conditions 118
FCC (USA) 9 A-scan waveform 118
ICES-001 (Canada) 10 file name 118
computer connection compartment 20 flag status 118
copyright ii gate measurement modes 118
corrosion-thickness 117 identifier code 118
creation measurements 118
2-D grid file 130 peak hold 118
2-D grid with custom points file 132 peak memory 118
3-D grid file 133 setup parameters 118
boiler file 135 software features 118
calibration file 121 sound path leg 118
data files 119 dB to curve 159
incremental files 123 dead time 91
sequential files 125 delay 38
sequential with custom points file 126 delay line calibration 97
curve adjustment gain 163 delay-line transducer calibration 97
custom DGS diagram 170
DAC curves option 166 DGS/AVG 173
filter sets 70 digital filter settings 69
custom angle beam 174 digital filters 69
custom points 126, 131 direct access adjustment 28
multiple readings 131 direct entry parameter values 29
Index 275
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
discontinuity 183 USB

display client port 14
arrangement 37 host port 14
flags 39 enter key 28
flags and markers 39 environmental
protection 21 rating 21, 22
setup menu 47 seal 20
window 21 EPOCH 4 series 120
distance amplitude correction (DAC) 153 EPOCH XT
distance traveled (DT) information 195 auto calibration 91
document configuration 187
copyright ii data logger 118
information 14 description 13
part number ii functions 28
publishing date ii getting started 27
revision ii how to operate 23
documentation 184 keypad 27
comments 15 measurements 54
door, battery 19 physical features 17
d-ring clips 21 set up 92
dual element setting parameters 29
calibration 101
F
transducer calibration 101
F keys 28
E FCC (USA) compliance 9
Echo-to-Echo file
mode 195, 199 name 37
thickness measurement 77 review 140
edge measurement mode 197 summary 140
edge mode 79 file review 140
editable parameters 44, 45 screen 141
editpara, tab 44 file summary 140
EMC directive compliance 9 screen 141
encoder 186 filter
choice 186 settings 69
enhancements 13 setup example 208
100 % digital 14 filters tab 207
case 13 first dimension 134
data logger 14 elevation 134
digital filters 14 First Peak mode 79
EN12668-1 13 flags and markers 39
high performance flaw detection 117
PerfectSquare Pulser Technology 13 floating gate option 197, 201
measurement-display locations 14 full-screen
optional hardware I/O port 14 A-scan 37
parameter adjustment methods 14 display 37
276 Index
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
bottom 38 ID 37
middle 38 ID key choices 139
top 37 find 139
full-screen height (FSH) 64 first 139
full-wave mode 70 insert 139
last 139
G
ID number 131
gain 38 cannot increment 122
add 161 digits increment 122
adjustment 163 incremental portion 122
options 161 immersion inspection 169
gain display 65 incremental files 122
GainStep 160 incrementation
gate EPRI 2-D grid file 136
1 75 standard 2-D grid file 136
2 76 input/output port 18
alarm inspection data 140
minimum-depth 82 instrument
alarms 81 compatibility 5
alarms use 204 setup menu 42
measurement modes 76 instrument data logger 117
positioning 75 instrument resets 149
gate alarm database 149
threshold 81 editable parameters 149
gate level (Lv) 75 master/database 149
gate movement 74 parameters 149
gate start (G1St) 75 probe library 149
gate width (Wd) 75 intergranular stress-corrosion cracking (IGSCC)
gates 75 81
gates, tab 59 IP (ingress protection) system 21
general, tab 43 IP 67 21
grid 131
grid structure 128 J
Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) 165
H
JIS 154
half-wave mode 70 JIS DAC 165
hand strap 19 JIS Z3060 165
bidirectional 19
hardware input/output (I/O) port 18 K
harness 21 keypad
header titles 146 Chinese available 29
help 16 English 30
high-temperature applications 102 international 31
Japanese available 29
I
keypad functions 29
ICES-001 (Canada) compliance 10
Index 277
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
L instrument range incrementation 122

label, serial number 2 open function 138
LEMO 00 connector 86 overwrite saved information 121
LEMO connectors 18 note, chapter 11
library 174 accurate calculation 184
library categories 174 AWS D1.1 software option 185
angle beam transducers 174 B-scan resolution 192
custom straight contact 174 depth and distance traveled information 198
dual transducers 174 DGS/AVG curve shape 177
straight contact 174 EN12668-1 requirements 207
locating encoder 186
beam index point (BIP) 107 encoder pulses value 192
flaws with angle beam transducer 77 flat-bottom-hole size measurement 179
low-frequency transducer 208 floating gate option 204
floating gate software 197
M hardware I/O port 186
managing basic operations 27 minimum-depth alarm 196
manual mode 195 scan resolution 197
manual TVG setup 170 note, chapter 3
markers 39 charging/discharging batteries 25
material types 170 recharge batteries before storing 26
Max amplitude 79 note, chapter 4
meas, tab 57 measurement setup menu 54
measurement scan palette settings 49
boxes 38 unadjustable parameters 45
Echo-to-Echo 77 note, chapter 5
icons 55 AUTO–80 % 65
setup menu 53 one-way sound path 69
measuring signal amplitude 78 results may vary 67
memory 174 single-shot instrument 66
menu navigation 41 total system sensitivty 64
control groups 42 note, chapter 6
parameters 42 peak memory 73
sublevel tabs 42 reject function 71
tabs 41 note, chapter 8
Min amplitude 79 analog output option 87
minimum depth alarm 82, 83, 195 battery operating time 86
mode selecting 68 predictable output voltages 88
multipart ID numbers 132 note, chapter 9
adjusting pulser receiver 93
N
auto calibration 96, 101
navigation, menu 41 disregard echo 112
near-surface resolution 68 do not use auto calibration 91
NextDAC 160 first back-wall echo 98
note, chapter 10 IIW calibration block 110
increment 127 metric units 93, 97, 102, 107
278 Index
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
nonlinearity 102 PRF 66

peak memory 108 printing 146
probe delay 91
O
procedures, adjusting pulser/receiver
Olympus adjusting system sensitivity 63
office address ii AUTO–80 % Gate 1 64
technical support 10 AUTO–80 % Gate 2 64
Olympus IIW type I carbon steel calibration selecting damping option 68
block 110 selecting waveform rectification mode 70
onboard files creation 119 test mode selection 68
onboard software options 151 procedures, basic operations
advanced filters 151 setting instrument range 29
AWS D1.1/D1.5 151 setup editable parameters 45
B-scan 151 procedures, calibrating EPOCH XT
DGS/AVG 151 calibration for distance 110
floating gate 151 calibration for sensitivity 114
opening data files 137 calibration with angle beam transducer 106
operating calibration with delay-line transducer 97
battery, time 24 calibration with dual element transducer 102
power supply 23 calibration with straight-beam transducer 93
option locating BIP 107
activation 174, 201, 206 setting up before calibration 92
activation and reference correct 154 verify refracted angle 109
optional hardware 18 procedures, gates
options, tab 61 echo-to-echo thickness measurement 77
o-ring, gasket, and membrane seals 20 setting threshold alarm Gate 1 82
output, analog 86 taking thickness reading Gate 1 76
owner info, tab 46 procedures, input and output features
P trigger mode selection 88
turn on VGA output 85
Panametrics 37DL PLUS 120
procedures, instrument data logger
parameter
creating 2-D grid file 130
keys 28
creating 2-D grid with custom points file 132
values, direct entry 29
creating 3-D grid file 133
peak measurement mode 197
creating a calibration file 121
Peak mode 79
creating boiler file 135
physical features 17
creating incremental files 123
pipe counterbore 81
creating sequential files 125
pipestand/handle 18
creating sequential with custom points file
positioning gate 75
126
power supply 23
procedures, operating power supply
AC line 23
using AC line power 23
battery 24
procedures, physical features
power, battery 24
reversing hand strap 19
powering up 27
procedures, software features and options
preface 13
activate and set up customized curves 166
Index 279
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
activate TVG table feature 170 dual probes 175

adding temporary scanning gain 161 back wall 175
adding transfer correction 164 side-drilled hole 175
adjusting gain 163 straight beam probes 175
building TVG table 171 back wall 175
configuring EPOCH XT and encoder cart 187 side-drilled hole 175
define TVG feature 170 refracted angle 109
DGS/AVG option activation 174 relative attenuation 179
performing A-scan calibration 187 replacing battery 25
performing A-scan setup 187 report header setup 145
selecting B-scan mode 188 reports 145
setting up manual mode 188 reset 149
setup bidirectional mode 191 reversing hand strap 19
setup unidirectional mode 189 revision history 15
procedures, special waveform functions RF (unrectified) mode 70
access Reject function 71 RoHS symbol 3
activate peak hold 74 rubber protective case 21
activate peak memory 73
S
product description 13
pulse safety
energy 67 installation category 8
repetition frequency (PRF) 66 instrument class 8
pulser signal words 7
frequency selection 67 symbols 6
settings 65 save full 199
save screen 199
Q saving
quick recall function 121 A-scan 193
quick-release buttons 19 B-scan data 199
data 139
R
scan color palette
range 38 colored 200
rapid parameter adjustment 29 gray scale 200
recall setup function 144 solid color 200
recalling setup 143 scan speed alarm 196
receiver settings 69 scanning gain 65
rectification modes 70 adding 168
REF B value 183 seals 20
reference correction 155 second dimension 134
reference gain 65, 164 tube number 134
reflector type 175 sensitivity calibration 114
angle beam probes 175 sequential file 124
flat-bottom hole 175 with Custom Points 125
K1-IIW block arc 175 serial number
K2-DSC block arc 175 label 2
side-drilled hole 175 service or repair 16
280 Index
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
service, repair 16 meas 57

setting open 137
instrument range 29 options 61
reference gain 65 owner info 46
scanning gain 65 status 46
threshold alarm Gate 1 82 technical
setup help 16
editable parameters 45 specifications 227
recalling 143 support 10
signal amplitude 78 test block 93
signal-to-noise ratio 69 test modes
slewing keys 28 dual 68
software features and options 151 pulse-echo 68
software options 152 through 68
sound path 78 thickness reading
leg indicator 78 gate 1 76
special waveform functions 71 gate 2 76
split A-scan / B-scan 196 third dimension 134
split-screen 37 custom point 134
display 38 tick mark
feature 92 appearance 82
split-screen display 38 time-of-flight 80
standalone battery charger 25 mode operation 80
optional 25 time-varied gain (TVG) setup 153
part number EPXT-EC 25 tip
standard filters 205 damping setting 68
status, tab 46 exit key 43, 48, 54
stored B-scan 200 peak memory 109, 114
straight-beam transducer calibration 93 trademark disclaimer ii
summarizing keypad functions 29 training courses 15
support information 10 transducer
symbol connections 17
RoHS 3 connectors 17
WEEE 2 library 174
system transfer correction 164
gain 65 trigger
sensitivity, adjusting 63 mode 88
selection
T
external 89
tab internal 89
A-scan 49 single 89
color 48 trigger parameter 89
editpara 44 trigger syncing capabilities 88
filters 207 TVG
gates 59 gain 163
general 43 setup 153
Index 281
910-264-EN, Rev. G, June 2011
table option 169 W

table setup 170 warning
TVGView 159 batteries 25
U warnings
electrical 9
U.S. Air Force IIW type II block 110
general 8
ultrasonic attenuation 179
warranty information 10
ultrasonic flaw detector 13
waveform
units 37
functions
USA FCC compliance 9
Display Freeze 74
USB port 20
Peak Memory 72
use of
Reject 71
AC line power 23
rectification 70
AUTO–XX% 64
selection 70
C-Cell alkaline batteries 26
waveform functions
zoom feature 81
Peak Hold 73
using a 3-D grid 133
WEEE directive 2
using a grid 128
weld root 81
V wide temperature range 102
velocity 38 wrap-around interference 66
verifying refracted angle 109 Z
VGA output 85
zoom 81
view new filters tab 207
feature 81
282 Index

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EPOCH XT

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Part number: 910-264-EN

Printed in the United States of America

Labels and Symbols ........................................................................................... 1

Important Information — Please Read Before Use ..................................... 5

2. EPOCH XT Physical Features .................................................................. 17

Table of Contents iii

2.4 Bidirectional Hand Strap ......................................................................................... 19

3. Operating the Power Supply ................................................................... 23

4. Managing Basic Operations ..................................................................... 27

5. Adjusting the Pulser/Receiver ................................................................. 63

6. Managing Special Waveform Functions ................................................ 71

8. Input and Output Features ....................................................................... 85

9. Calibrating the EPOCH XT ...................................................................... 91

10. Managing the Instrument Data Logger ............................................... 117

11. Software Features and Options ............................................................. 151

11.3.1 Description .................................................................................................... 173

Appendix A: Cable Assembly ..................................................................... 211

Appendix B: Sound Velocities ..................................................................... 213

Appendix C: Glossary ................................................................................... 217

Appendix D: EPOCH XT EN12668-1 Technical Specifications ............. 227

Table of Contents vii

Appendix E: Parts List ................................................................................... 269

Index ................................................................................................................. 273

viii Table of Contents

Labels and Symbols

Serial number label

Labels and Symbols 1

Table 1 Content of the rating plate label

The WEEE symbol indicates that the product must not be

2 Labels and Symbols

Table 1 Content of the rating plate label (continued)

The China RoHS mark indicates the product’s Environmental

Labels and Symbols 3

4 Labels and Symbols

Important Information — Please Read Before Use

The EPOCH XT instrument has been designed to perform nondestructive inspections

This instruction manual contains essential information on using this Olympus

Keep this instruction manual in a safe, accessible location.

• Rechargeable lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack (PN: EPXT-BAT-L)

Important Information — Please Read Before Use 5

• Optional standalone external battery charger (PN: EPXT-EC)

Using incompatible equipment can result in a malfunction and/or in equipment

Repair and Modification

The EPOCH XT instrument does not contain any user-serviceable parts.

Do not disassemble, modify, or attempt to repair the instrument to prevent human

General warning symbol:

6 Important Information — Please Read Before Use

High voltage warning symbol:

Safety Signal Words

The DANGER signal word indicates an imminently hazardous situation. It calls

The WARNING signal word indicates a potentially hazardous situation. It calls

The CAUTION signal word indicates a potentially hazardous situation. It calls

Important Information — Please Read Before Use 7

Notes Signal Words

8 Important Information — Please Read Before Use

EMC Directive Compliance

FCC (USA) Compliance

Important Information — Please Read Before Use 9

ICES-001 (Canada) Compliance

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-001 du Canada.

Inspect materials thoroughly on reception for evidence of external or internal damage