No.

Mixture Observation(s) Explanation

1 Mixture of The air bubbles were produced and H2SO4 act as catalyst that speed up the
CH3CH2OH and yellowish colour appeared at the reflux reaction. This an early process
CH3COOH was added bottom of the flask. of esterification. But the product
with H2SO4. produced incomplete ester.
2 The distillate was The mixture became more viscous, This process was made to remove
added together with cloudy, gave out pungent smell and completely Na2CO3 at bottom layer.
Na2CO3 into the formed two different layers
separating funnel
3 CaCl2 solid was The solution turned cloudy at first
weighed and added and slowly became clear. The
into a beaker beaker became hot.
containing distilled
water.
4 The CaCl2 solution The separating funnel also became
was added into hot. The mixture turned cloudy,
separating funnel. gave out smells like balloon and
formed two different layers.
5 Granular anhydrous
calcium chloride was
put into the The mixture turned clear.
CH3COOCH2CH3
solution and was
shaken.
Table 1: Type of mixture, observation(s) and explanation on why it happened in the
experiment

Table 2: Data collection pre-experiment

Volume of ethanol 50 mL
Mass of ethanol 39.45 g
Volume of acetic acid 50 mL
Mass of acetic acid 52.5 g
Theoretical yield 75.45 g

Table 3: Data collection post-experiment

Mass of receiving flask 33.8 g

Mass of product + Receiving flask 65.45 g

Mass of Ethyl Ethanoate (Actual yield) 31.65 g

 Percentage yield 41.36%

Sample Peak height,h (μV) Area,A (μV.s) Retention

time,tR(min)
Ethyl Acetate 162813.57 248302.13 0.307
produced
Standard Ethyl 191748.73 276203.00 0.308
Acetate
Table 4: The result obtained from HPLC analysis
CALCULATION:

To determined mole of ester :

Mass ester = mass conical flask(final) - mass conical flask(initial)

= 65.45 g – 33.8 g
= 31.65 g
No of mole ester = mass ÷ molar mass
= 43.75 g ÷ 88.11 g/mol
=0.50 mol

To determine mass and mole of acetic acid :

Given volume acetic acid = 250 ml = 2.5 x10-4 m3 ;

ρ = mass ÷ volume
1000 kg/m3 = mass ÷ 2.5 x10-4 m3
Mass acetic acid= 0.25 g
No of moles acetic acid = mass ÷ molar mass
= 0.25 g ÷ 60.05 g/mol
= 0.0042 mol

To determine mass and mole of ethanol :

Given volume ethanol = 50 ml and molarity = 0.95 M ;

1m3
50 mL x 6 = 0.5 x10-4 m3
10 mL

No of moles ethanol = molarity x volume

= 0.95 x 0.5 x10-4
= 0.0000475 mol
Mass ethanol = no of mole x molar mass
= 0.0000475 mol x 46.06844 g/mol
= 0.0022 g

Theoretical yield :

Mass C2H5OH
H2SO4
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5
Reflux

53 g CH3COOH x mol x 46 g C2H5OH

60 g CH3COOH mol

= 40.63 g

Mass of CH3COOH

53 g CH3COOH reacts with 40.63 g C2H5OH

C2H5OH act as limiting reactant

40 g C2H5OH x 1 mol x 88g

46 g C2H5OH mol CH3COOC2H5

= 76.52 g

Actual yield =65.45 g – 33.8 g

=31.65 g

Percentage yield = 31.65 g x 100 %

76.52 g
= 41.36%