Louieze Gerald C.

Gerolin

End Term Exam

Government Theories

1. Does the organization deliver programs, goods, or services that can be considered a public good or that

are established by government policy?

Yes. Department of Science and Technology (DOST) in the Philippines is a government agency tasked

with overseeing and managing national technology development and acquisition, undertaking technological

and scientific research and promoting public consciousness of science and technology. DST is responsible

for formulating and adopting a comprehensive National Science and Technology Plan for the Philippines,

and to subsequently monitor and coordinate its funding and implementation. The DST undertakes policy

research, technology assessment, feasibility and technical studies and maintains a national information

system and databank on science and technology. The agency’s activities are recognized under Republic Act

No. 9236, sec. 2 which provides that, Declaration of Policy. - It is hereby declared the policy of the State to

facilitate the development of scientific and technical knowledge and progress in the national economy by

encouraging the standardization and modernization of units and standards of measurements to adapt to the

needs of the times, thereby complying with international standards and protecting the health, interest and

safety of every consumer and his environment from the harmful effects of inaccurate or false measurements.

2. Is substantially all of the organization’s funding provided by government or determined by government

policy?

No. Not all of the Department of Science and Technology’s (DOST) funding is provided by

government or determined by government policy. Other than the budget grant by the government, a fraction
of DOST funding is increasingly turning to donation appeals and fundraising gimmicks to supplement what

taxpayers provided or to pay for specific projects without using public funds.

3. Is the organization accountable to, and does it report directly to government, including a government

department or agency, or a minister of government?

Yes. The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is accountable and it does report directly to

government, including a government department or agency, or a minister of government. Under Executive

Order No. 128, DOST established a Financial and Management Service, which shall be responsible for

providing the Authority with efficient and effective staff advice and assistance on budgetary, financial,

and management improvement matters.” The Financial and Management Service (FMS) is headed by

a Director and supervises the three (3) divisions namely: Accounting Division, Budget Division, and

Management Division. DOST also a Budget Division which provides the following functions: (a)

prepare Department’s budget estimates for all the projects, activities and operations together with all

the corresponding budget documents and justifications; (b) assist management in the presentation of

the Department’s budgetary estimates before administrative and legislative bodies; (c) review and

analyze budget estimates and/or program of expenditures of all the agencies under supervision and

control including under administrative supervision of the DOST; (d) render advisory/consultative

service and/or assistance regarding budgetary matters to all staff services/units of the DOST as well as

to all agencies under the Department; and (e) supervise allocation and distribution of available funds

on the basis of approved programs, projects, criteria and operating guidelines.

4. If the organization has a board of directors, commission, or similar appointed body, does government

control a majority of appointments?

 No. The government has no control a majority of appointments made in the Department of Science and

Technology. The President may have the power to appoint, with the consent of the CA, officials the heads

of the executive departments as provided by the Constitution and Congress may by law also vest the

appointment of other officers lower in rank, in the courts or in the heads of departments, agencies,

commissions or boards (Article VII Section 16) but majority of appointments in the Department of Science

and Technology are appointed by the department Secretary who is vested under Executive Order No. 292

Section 2 which provides the power to appoint all officers and employees of the Department except

those whose appointments are vested in the President or in some other appointing authority; Provided,

However, that where the Department is regionalized on a department-wide basis, the Secretary shall

appoint employees to positions in the second level in the regional offices as defined in this Code.

5. If the organization has share capital, is government the majority shareholder?

Yes. In cases where the Department of Science and Technology has share capital, the government is

also the majority shareholder. Government departments or agencies are established as an extension of the

government, which in this case, the government may be the majority shareholder of the capital share of the

organization. The capital shares earned by the department or agency is formed as a part of surplus profits of

the government.

6. Are the organization’s employees’ members of the public service, subject to public service rules, and

receiving public service benefits?

Yes. Department of Science and Technology’s employees’, members of the public service are subject

to public service rules, and receiving public service benefits. According to The Revised Administrative Code

of 1987 on the Civil Service Commission:

SECTION 6. Scope of the Civil Service. — (1) The Civil Service embraces all branches, subdivisions,

instrumentalities, and agencies of the Government, including government-owned or controlled corporations

with original charters. (2) Positions in the Civil Service shall be classified into career service and non-career

service.

SECTION 7. Career Service. —The Career Service shall be characterized by (1) entrance based on merit

and fitness to be determined as far as practicable by competitive examination, or based on highly technical

qualifications; (2) opportunity for advancement to higher career positions; and (3) security of tenure.

The Career Service shall include:

(1) Open Career positions for appointment to which prior qualification in an appropriate examination

is required;

(2) Closed Career positions which are scientific, or highly technical in nature; these include the faculty

and academic staff of state colleges and universities, and scientific and technical positions in

scientific or research institutions which shall establish and maintain their own merit systems;

(3) Positions in the Career Executive Service; namely, Undersecretary, Assistant Secretary, Bureau

Director, Assistant Bureau Director, Regional Director, Assistant Regional Director, Chief of

Department Service and other officers of equivalent rank as may be identified by the Career

Executive Service Board, all of whom are appointed by the President;

(4) Career officers, other than those in the Career Executive Service, who are appointed by the

President, such as the Foreign Service Officers in the Department of Foreign Affairs;

(5) Commissioned officers and enlisted men of the Armed Forces which shall maintain a separate merit

system;

(6) Personnel of government-owned or controlled corporations, whether performing governmental or

proprietary functions, who do not fall under the non-career service; and

(7) Permanent laborers, whether skilled, semi-skilled, or unskilled.

Since the Department of Science and Technology is a branch of the Government that undertakes

technological and scientific research and promoting public consciousness of science and technology, its

employees therefore are subject to public service rules, and entitled to receiving public service benefits.
7. Overall, does government control, directly or indirectly, the organization’s policies, operations,

administration, or service delivery?

Yes. The government maintains the controls over the Department of Science and Technology’s policies,

operations, administration, or service delivery which enshrines in Republic Act No. 9236, an act establishing

a national measurement infrastructure system (NMIS) for standards and measurements, and for other

purposes to ensure that it is accordance with law and regulations, deliver a standard quality of service,

safeguard against loss or wastage through illegal or improper disposition or management to ensuring

efficiency, economy and effectiveness in organizational operations.

8. Is there a legislative requirement for the organization to be audited by the government auditor or supreme

audit organization?

Yes. The Department of Science and Technology, a government agency, may be audited by the

government auditor or supreme audit organization under the state audit code of the Philippines Section

12 which provides that, Accountancy Office shall have the following functions: (1) Prepare, for the

Commission, the annual financial report of the Government, its subdivisions, agencies, and

instrumentalities, including government-owned or controlled corporations, and such other financial or

statistical reports as may be required by the Commission; (2) Verify appropriations of national

government agencies and control fund releases thereto; and (3) Prepare statements on revenues and

expenditures of local government units, and on their legal borrowing and net paying capacities for re-

classification and other purposes.