PREFACE ‘The American Petroleum institute's (API) 610 standard is a specitication covering the minimum requirements for pumps purchased for use in the petroleum refinery services. It is the product of the collective knowledge and experience of end-users, equipment manufacturers, contractors, and representatives from the sealing industry. {tis also the first for which there was a special seal makers subcommittee. The standard provides the end-user with an aid for the procurement and commission of centrifugal pumps. The term "vendor" when used in the standard means pump manufacturer. ‘There are several areas of major change, additions, and/or clarification to the API 610 7th edition. These are highlighted below. 10. The industry is looking for a minimum of 3 years of uninterrupted service as a design criterion for pumps including auxiliaries. Actual seal lite is influenced by operating condition variables, therefore, specific customer requests should be forwarded to John Crane Marketing/Sales and/or Engineering. ANSI B73 pumps can be used for restricted performance requirements. However, ‘the seal installation must still conform to API 610 7th edition. Non-pusher design (bellows) seals can now be fitted directly an to the shaft without a sleeve with purchaser's approval. ‘The centrifugal pump data sheet has been expanded to 5 pages, and the mechanical seal specification section is similarly expanded. In addition, a two page optional pump seal data sheet has been introduced. ‘Seal chamber face runout and concentricity requirements were added. For the first time, minimum seal chamber dimensions and operating clearances have bean specified. There is now a note under performance test conditions concerning the acceptable evel of leakage. This level during testing shall be collectively agreed upon by the pump manufacturer, purchaser, and seal manufacturer recognizing when the fluid used in the test is water, it does not indicate the true properties of the actual fluid to be sealed. The mechanical seal classification code has been revised. See appendix H in the standard. The diametrical clearance between the throttle bushing ID and the sleeve (shaft) for sizes over 2 inches has been increased. There has been a general tightening of the pump requirements designed to improve mechanical seal life. When full compliance with the API 610 7th edition standard requirements is not desirable, alternate designs can be submitted for purchaser approval.HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT 1. The document may be used for quick reference to a specific subject either by use of the contents page or the page reference shown in the data sheet section, (pages 50 and 57)where each subject is cross referenced. 2. API piping plans are shown with the corresponding seal chamber sketch on pages 24 to 37. These are cross-referenced to sections of the standard which are particularly relevant. 3. This document is John Crane International's interpretation of the API 610 Standard, 7th Edition, and is provided for your convenience. The interpretation is not intended to modify or alter the API standard and is intended to be consistent therewith. if you are uncertain as to application of any portion of the interpretation, please consult the text of the API 610 Standard, 7th Edition. Acopy of the API standard 610 (7th edition) is available through the American Petroleum Institute by writing to: American Petroleum Institute 1220 L Street, N.W. Washington D.C. 20005 202-682-8375 USA. (Cost - $25.00 per copy)CONTENTS Shaft Sleeves Seal Chamber Design Cooling/Heating Mechanical Shatt Seal Pressure Casings Gland Plate Design Bearings and Bearing Housing Inspection, Testing, and Preparation for Shipment Accessories Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbine API Piping Plans Materials for Centrifugal Pump Parts Material Classification Centritugal Pump Data Sheets Glossary of Terms PAGE 36 7A 12-14 15 16-20 Pal 22 23 23 24-37 38-39 40-44 45-61 62-65APILREFS. SUBJECT 25.6 SHAFT SLEEVES In order to protect the shat, a sleeve is to be used. Shaft sleaves shall be made of wear, corrosion and erosion resistant material to protect the shaft. The sleeve is to have a minimum thickness of .100" (2.5 mm) at its thinnest point. Sleeves may be omitted, with the purchaser's approval, on in-line or small horizontal pumps and also when the seal design is non-pusher. When the sleeve is omitted, the shaft must be of wear and corrosion resistant material and have a surface finish equal to that of a shaft sleeve. Voh ff i j_4 2 serve FIGURE 1. Minimum Sleeve Thickness I a0 wi! ‘The sleeve is to extend beyond the face of the gland or packing gland. Any leakage that might occur can then be identified as coming from either between the shatt and the sleeve or from the seal chamber at the sealing faces or secondary seals. FIGURE 2. Sleeve Extension SLEEVE Exrensron =]API REFS. SUBJECT 2.5.9 py ga oo The sleeve is to be positively secured to the shaft in a manner that will ‘ensure positive drive from the shaft to the sleeve. ‘A secondary sealing device must be used to seal the sleeve at one end. The cartridge seal design shown in Figure 3A uses set screws in a drive collar to secure the sleeve to the shaft. An elastomeric O-ring or a flexible graphite foll ring (as shown in Figure 3B) serves as the secondary seal. i 1 4 SIE KY KAP | 1 t LI} pz tee tce il L Be : O-RING Sf SET SCREWS: FIGURE 3A. Cartridge Seal with O-Ring Secondary Seal MLL. CCRANE-FOTL RENG FIGURE 3B. Cartridge Seal with Flexible Graphite Foil Secondary SealAPI REFS. SUBJECT 2.5.6 25.3 2512 1.4.37 2.5.10 25.111 Figure 4 shows a hook sleeve design. The sleeve is generally secured to the shatt by means of a drive key at the impeller end of the sleeve. A flat gasket is commonly used as the secondary seal in this sleave design. FIGURE 4. Hook Sleeve The diameter of the shait or sleeve that is in contact with the mechanical seal must be in increments of 1/8” or for metric design pumps of 5 mm. Seal performance can be adversely effected by shatt runout, shaft deflection, and misalignment. To minimize these adverse effects, the 7th edition specifies controls on total shatt deflection and runout. Runout is measured using a dial indicator. “Total Indicated Runout" (TIR) would then be defined as a measure of an oul-of-squareness equal to the reading of the dial indicator or an eccentricity equal to half the reading. The shaft must be machined and finished throughout its length so that the TIR is not more than .001 of an inch (25 um). The runout of the shaft sleeve would be a measure of the TIR of the outside diameter (OD) of a mounted shaft sleeve. Installed shaft sleeve TIR should not exceed .002 of an inch (50 um). vou ora, Horcaro4 ow BERL CUAOE race yan SAAT By HAND, BRIE ReASuRENeNT oN OTAL Srarckiee. FIGURE 5. Shaft/Sleeve RunoutSUBJECT 2.5.13 The runout specification set by AP! 610 requires a very close tolerance and fit of the shaft sleeve to the shaft. Dus to cumulative stack-up of tolerances, a grinding operation is required in order to achieve this very tight fi, Sleeves not meeting API 610 specifications are acceptable only with the purchaser's approval. For John Crane standard sleeve tolerances, consult with John Crane Engineering. The seal chamber face runout is a measure of the squareness of the pump shaft with respect to the face of the seal chamber. This runout should not exceed .001 of an inch (25 um) per inch of measured diameter. Tuy sues ay kano ap wore TERESI bs BER Ratko FIGURE 6. Squareness of Seal Chamber Face to Shaft To provide good seal performance, avoid shaft breakage; and to prevent internal wear or seizure, the shatt sliffness for one and two stage horizontal and vertical in-line pumps limits the total shaft deflection at the face of the seal chamber to .002 of an inch (51 jum) The limit of shaft deflection can be achieved by combining the shaft diameter, shaft span or overhang and casing design - including the use of dual volutes or diffusers.APLREFS SUBJECT 24.1.8 27.1.4 SEAL CHAMBER The term "seal chamber" is used to identity the cavity between a bore and a shaft into which a mechanical seal is installed. (This includes the bore on the gland as well as the bore of the pump.) “Stuffing box” refers to the cavity designed to accept packing and enclosing the stationary parts surrounding a shatt. The seal chamber must have either an internal or external vent to allow the complete venting of the chamber before equipment start-up. One of the most significant additions to the API 610 Standard was the specification of minimum dimensions for seal chambers on overhung pumps. Figures 7 through 9 show the minimum dimensions for seal chambers. The "8" dimension in all cases will be larger. “C* dimensions could be less than on previous models. Therefore, two full size balanced seals may not fit Into some new seal chamber designs due to limited axial space. SHAFT DIA FIGURE 7. Minimum Dimensions for Seal Chamber With Sleeve sopear | SHES | seen | La 7 SSE SHAFT DIA FIGURE 8. Minimum Dimensions for Seal Chamber Without SleeveAPI REFS. SUBJECT SHAFT DIA SEAL CHAMBER BORE seer or. We, RABE | GRRE | NPY. exc SSPUiNees| 12a 62.280 oe 5.780 eree | | oe >3.200 Las 1 020 FIGURE 9. Vertical In-Line Pump Minimum Dimensions for Seal Chamber (No Sleeve)API REFS: SUBJECT 2.71 2.5.11.2 27112 In addition, the minimum radial clearance between the rotating member of the seal and the bore of the seal chamber is to be 1/8 (3mm), The bore diameter of the seal chamber (or gland bore) is to be in increments of 1/8" (3 mm), or in the case of metric designs, 5mm. The intent of the standard is to allow for increased circulation around the seal. This would not apply to the clearance between the pumping ring OD and the chamber bore. Va wan FIGURE 10. Minimum Clearance Seal OD to Bore Refer to pg. 6 for seal chamber face run-out tolerance. Refer to pg. 13 for seal chamber pressure.API REFS. SUBJECT THROAT BUSHINGS 21.7 Throat bushings are devices that form a restrictive close clearance 27.4.4 around the sleeve (or shaft) between the seal (or packing) and the impeller. They are to be usad unless otherwise specified by the purchaser or recommended by the pump manufacturer. Table 1 lists the purposes of the throat bushing. TABLE 1. Guide to Use of Throat Bushings . To function as a replaceable wearing part. 2. To establish differential hardness between the rotating and stationary parts. 3. To increase or decrease seal chamber pressure. * 4. Toisolate the seal chamber fluid. * 5. To control the flow into or out of the seal chamber. * * Close clearance designs are required to achieve the desired effect. SQUARE BUSHING "L’ SHAPED BUSHING [we TYPE-24 SA TYPE-24 SL FIGURE 11.APIREFS. SUBJECT PROVISION FOR COOLING/HEATING Appendix. H. | Cooling jackets or inserts are to be provided by the pump manufacturer lechanical Seal | upon request of the purchaser. When the pumping temperature is Notes 4 greater than 350 degrees F (177 degrees C), the pump and seal manufacturer should be jointly consulted about using a cooled flush, or running the seal chamber dead ended with jacket cooling. 2.7.1.10 TABLE 2. Cooling/Heating Requirements Cooling/heating may be required for the following: 1. Pumping temperatures above 300 degrees F (150 degrees C) unless metal bellows seals are used. 2. Pump temperatures above 600 degrees F (315 degrees C). 3. Boiler feed pumps. 4. Dead-ended arrangements. 5. Low flash point liquids. 6. High melting point products. 2.1.18 Cooling jackets for seal chambers should have cleanout connections arranged so that the entire passageway can be mechanically cleaned, flushed and drained.API REFS. NNNN PREY Rode Appendix A2 271.2 SUBJECT MECHANICAL SHAFT SEAL ‘The AP! 610 Standard does not cover any specific design criteria for the mechanical seal. It does establish application and selection parameters, stating that the design and materials of component parts must be suitable for the specified service conditions. Balanced seals are preferred, however, unbalanced designs may be furnished when pacified or approved by the purchaser, or when recommended by the pump manufacturer to meet the requirements of the service. Pumps that do not require full compliance with the API 610 Standard should ‘meet the mechanical seal requirements of the standard. ‘The 7th edition expands on the definitions for seal arrangement According to API 610 Standard’s definition, a single seal has one rotating face per seal chamber; a double seal arrangement has two rotating faces per seal chamber, sealing in opposite directions; and a tandem seal arrangement has two rotating faces per seal chamber, sealing in the same direction. The mechanical seal industry defines a double seal as having a seal support system in which the bartier fluid pressure is maintained higher than that of the process pressure. The tandem arrangement would have a barrier fluid pressure less than that of the process pressure. Figures 12 through 15 show the examples of single, double and tandem seal arrangements. FIGURE 12. Single Seal Arrangement 12API REFS. SUBJECT OUTLET fe ob / SA FIGURE 15. Tandem/Double Seal ArrangementAPI REFS. 27.444 27112 271.3 27AAZ SUBJECT Secondary containment of leakage across the seal faces requires the use of one of the options shown in Table 3. TABLE 3. Secondary Containment Options 1. Auxiliary sealing devices include close clearance floating bushing design, packing, sate-t-seals, and lip seals. 2. Tandem seals. A barrier fluid is maintained at a pressure lower than the pressure at the throat bushing . 3. Double seals. A bartier fluid is maintained at a pressure higher than the pressure at the throat bushing. The barrier fluid and its characteristics are to be specified by the purchaser. When flow rate, pressure and temperature are factors, they are to be jointly established by the pump manufacturer and the seal manufacturer. When tandem or double seal arrangements are used, the barrier fluid is circulated by means of a pumping ring or a flow through system from an external source. Pressure in the seal chamber must be maintained at or above atmospheric pressure. (In vacuum services, the seal design must be able to seal against atmospheric pressure when the unit is not operating.) In addition, the seal design must be able to withstand the maximum discharge pressure. In high discharge pressure services this Tequirement can be impractical. For such cases, the pump manufacturer must advise the purchaser of the maximum sealing pressure and the seal’s maximum dynamic and static pressure ratings. The maintenance of a stable fiuid film between the primary seal faces is important to good seal performance. Pressure, temperature, and physical characteristics of the fluid being sealed are important factors when determining heat generation at the sealing faces. The cooling flow rate required to remove the heat generated as well as temperature and pressure requirements are to be jointly agreed upon by the pump and seal manufacturer and then approved by the purchaser. Detailed seal analysis is suggested for all applications where: 1. The fluid has a specific gravity of less than 0.65, or 2. The spacific gravity is greater than 0.65 but the vapor pressure is greater than one half the seal chamber pressure. 14API REFS. SUBJECT PRESSURE CASINGS 1.4.19 The pressure casing is the composite of al stationary pressure containing parts of the unit, including all nozzles, seal glands and other attached parts, but excluding the stationary and rotating members of ‘the mechanical seals. 2.2.15.3 Internal bolting shall be of a material fully resistant to corrosive attack by the pumped liquid. 2.2.15.4 Studs are preferred to cap head screws. 224 Pressure casing should be designed in accordance with ASME VIII 2.2.2 Div. 1, but not stamped. Pressure casings shall be designed for maximum discharge pressure, plus allowances for head and speed increases at the pumping temperature, with a minimum corrosion allowance of 1/8" (3.2 mm). 2.3.2.2 NOZZLES AND PRESSURE CASING CONNECTIONS Connections for seal flush piping should be 1/2" nominal pipe size. 23.27 ‘Tapped openings not connected to piping shall be plugged with round head plugs, dimensional requirements to ANSI B16.11 (see Table 4) These plugs shall meet the material requirements of the casing. APPENDIXD — | TABLE 4. ANS! B73 Information - Round Head Plugs ‘American National Standard Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded Plugs: Round Head Nominal | Nominal Pipe Diameter | Length Size ‘ofHead | (Minimurr) E D 18 0.41 1.38 14 0.53 1.62 38 0.69 1.62 ve 0.84 4.75 34 1.06 4.75 1 131 2.00 114 1.69 2.00 ROUND HEAD 142 191 2.00 Pus 2 2.98 2.50 242 288 275 3 350 275 4 450 3.00 15AP! REFS. SUBJECT GLAND PLATES 1.4.17 Gland design is not specific. The 7th edition provides only basic guidelines. 2.2.10 All O-ring groove comers and lead-in radii must be chamfered and have a surface finish of 125 um Ra or better. To assist assembly, the surfaces over which an O-ring is fitted should be relieved in the region of the seal. 2.7.4.13 A throttle bushing or device that forms a restrictive close clearance around the sleeve (or shaft) at the outboard end of the mechanical seal gland is required on all single or double seal arrangements. The bushing inner diameter (ID) clearance over the sleeve (or shaft) has been increased from the former 6th edition. Table 5 shows the revised diametrical clearances. TABLE 5. Throttle Bushing to Sleeve Diametrical Clearance Sleeve (or shaft) diameters up to 2.000" .025" (635 um) Diameters greater than 2.000" up to 3.000" 030" (762 um) Diameters greater than 3.000" up to 4.000" .035" (889 um) .005 of an inch (127 jum) is added to the original .025* (635 jm) for every inch or fraction of an inch of sleeve (or shaft) diameter over 2.000". ‘The bushing is to be made from a non-sparking material. Typical non-sparking materials are carbon, graphite foil, PTFE and bronze. To prevent pressure blowout, it is to be positively retained in the gland. FIGURE 16. Throttle BushingAPI REFS. SUBJECT 271413 Auxiliary sealing devices such as floating bushing designs with closer ID clearances, packing, Safe-t-seals, and lip seals are available. FIGURE 17. Auxiliary Sealing DevicesAPI REFS. ‘SUBJECT 27113 If tandem seals require the use of a throttle bushing, the purchaser must specify so on the pump data sheets. However, in many cases, due to limited axial space, this may not be possible. 271.6 The gland must be able to withstand maximum seal chamber pressure. (A minimum of four bolts are to be used with a nominal diameter of not lass than 1/2",) Slotted glands are acceptable on horizontally split casings where slotted construction allows for easier pump disassembly. The gland design must allow for centering with either the inside or outside diameter of the pump housing. The register surface must be concentric to the shaft and have a TIR of not more than .005 of an inch (127 um). The seal components and bolts are not acceptable for gland centering purposes. FIGURE 18B. Register Fit - Housing ODAPI REFS. SUBJECT CONCENTRICETY OF SEAL SEAL CHAMBER CONCENTRICITY OF CHAMBER TURN eeuer SRST FER pesca ae C snus sta] (DBRS SOR alin See a ca FIGURE 19A. FIGURE 198. 2.3.2.2 27.4.7 The gland connections for the gland plate piping must be 1/2" nominal. The connections are to be stamped or cast in the gland plate. Table 6 lists the symbols to be used and their meaning. TABLE 6. Symbols for Gland Piping Connections Symbol Connection Barrier Fluid Cooling Drain Flush Heating ‘Quench Vent 43.2.3 4.3.3.1.1 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT INSPECTION The pump manufacturer shall keep the following data available for at least 5 years for examination by the purchaser or his representative upon request: a. Necessary certification of materials such as mill test reports. b. Purchase specifications for all items on bills of materials. c. Test data to verify that the requirements of the specification have been met. d. — Results of documented tests and inspections. e. Final assembly maintenance and running clearances. TESTING Mechanical seals and glands shall not be used during the hydrostatic test but shall be used during all running or performance tests. The chloride content of liquids used to test austenitic stainless steel materials shall not exceed 50 parts per million. The contract shaft seals and bearings shall be used in the pump for the performance test. The purchaser may approve the use of substitute seals for reasons such as the incompatibility of the contract seals with the test fluid. The acceptable level of leakage during testing shall be agreed between purchaser, vendor and the seal manufacturer. For John Crane standard testing rates consult the John Crane engineering support and development laboratory. NOTE: Seal leakage under test conditions does not necessarily indicate seal performance under the specified operating conditions. PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT Pumps with three or more stages shall be disassembled after the performance test. Single and two stage pumps need not be disassembled provided the pump is completely drained and dried. All internal parts should be coated with a suitable rust preventative. NOTE: Any substance used to preserve the equipment should be compatible with elastomeric parts. 22API REFS. SUBJECT 3.2 3.2.11 E32 ACCESSORIES COUPLINGS AND GUARDS A spacer type coupling shall be used unless otherwise specified, with a nominal length of 5° (125 mm) and shall permit removal of the seal without disturbing the rotor or the suction and discharge piping. On vertical pumps equipped with mechanical seals, the coupling shall be a spacer type, of sufficient length to permit replacement of the seal assembly without removal of the driver. HYDRAULIC POWER RECOVERY TURBINES: SEAL FLUSHING SYSTEM Where the potential for gas and vaporization in the flushing system exists, a seal flush from other than Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbine inlet is generally recommended. NOTE: For Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbines, typically API Plan 32 {external fiush) is a desirable piping plan. Due to release of pressure of the product which is typical in a hydraulic turbine, vaporization may occur in the seal cavity and thus, a Plan 32 becomes the most desirable piping plan. 23API PIPING PLANS AND MATERIAL CLASSIFICATIONS There are three parts of the standard which have particular significance to the installation and specification of the mechanical seal:- 1. The API Flush Piping Plan 2. The API Barrier Fluid and Quench Piping Plan 3. The API Material Classification API PLAN LEGEND gs © Prevnrs svtcn wan backer Heat exchanger a ‘Cyclone separator -pLa. Flow-regulating valve @) Pressure gauge with block valve cee aee @ Frew indicator ce @) Dial thermometer 4--F Check valve a] Orifice 24