ELECTRONEGATIVITY

Definisi
 Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons. (Solomon,
2014: 5)
 The tendency of an atom to attract electrons is called electronegativity. (Carey, 2007: 15)
 Salah sifat yang dapat membantu adalah keelektronegatifa (electronegativity), yaitu
kemampuan suatu atom untuk menarik electron dalam ikatan kimia. (Chang, 2004: 267)
 Electronegativity (EN) is a term that describe the relative abilities. (Gray, 2009: 55)
 Electronegativity is a measure oh the ability of an atom in a molekul to attract shared
bonding eletrons. (Razeghi, 2009: 73)
Peranan
 Electronegativity and formal charge are key concepts in organic chemistry. (Solomon,
2014: 49)
 The concept of local ionization energy suggests, in turn, local electronegativity and local
polarizability. (Elsevier, 1998: 190)
 Jelasnya, keelektronegatifan yang keterlaluan berganding dengan kehadiran electron pπ
pada oksigen membenarkan struktur untuk menyumbangkan sifat kestabilan. (Cotton,
2009: 309)
 Substituents of high electronegativity (especially -OH, -Cl, and -NH3+) near the carboxyl
group increase the acidity of carboxylic acids, often by several orders of magnitude.
(Bettelheim, 2010: 215)
 Dalam molekul diatomik, selisih keelektronegatifan dari atom-atom yang berikatan
menghasilkan ikatan polardan momen dipol. (Chang, 2004: 289)
Mekanisme
 As the difference in the electronegativity in creases, ionic character incereast. (Kotz,
2006: 378)
 Chemical shifts are related to the electronegativity of substituents. (Clayden, 2012: 246)
 If electronegativity differences exist between two bonded atoms, and they are not large,
the electrons are not shared equally and a polar covalent bond is the result. (Solomons,
2014: 60)
  Electronegativity correlate strongly with position in the periodic table. (Clayden, 2012:
17)
 Electronegativity increases going to the right in any row of the periodic table and
decreases ging down any colomn. (Clayden, 2012: 18)
Contoh
 Bonds between carbon and halogen are also polarized in some cases though the
electronegativity difference is sometimes very small. (Clayden, 2012: 121)
 This is true for most organometallics because, as you can see from this edited version of
the periodic table, metals (such as Li, Mg, Na, K, Ca, and Al) all have lower
electronegativity than carbon. (Clayden, 2012: 210)

BIBLIOGRAFI
Solomons, T. W. G., Fryhle, C. B., and Snyder, S. A. 2014. Organic Chemistry, 11th ed. New
Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Elsevier. 1998. Theoretical Organic Chemistry. USA: Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry Florida Atlantic University.
Carey, F.A., & Sundberg, R.J. 2007. Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A: Structure and
Mechanisms, 5th Edition. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
Clayden, Jonathan et al. 2012. Organic Chemistry. London: Oxford University.
Bettelheim, F.A., Brown, W.H., Campbell, M.K. and Farrell, S. O. 2010. Introduction to
Organic and Biochemistry, 7th Edition. USA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.
Chang, Raymond. 2004. Kimia Dasar Konsep-Konsep Inti, Jilid 1 edisi 3. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Cotton, Albert F dan Geoffrey Wilkinson. 2009. Kimia Anorganik Dasar. Jakarta: UI Press.
Kotz, J.C., Treichel MP., Weaver CG. 2006. Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity. Ed ke-6.
Belmont: Thomson Brooks/Cole.
Gray, Harry B. 2009. Chemical Bonds: An Introduction To Atomic And Molecular Structure.
California: University Science Books.
Razeghi, Manijeh. 2009. Fundamentals of Solid State Engineering, 3rd edition. USA:
Northwestern University.
 KEPUSTAKAAN KIMIA
“BIBLIOGRAFI”

Dosen Pengampu : Rusmini,S.Pd.,M.Si.

Oleh:
Alvira Dwi Yanti
17030194096
PKU 2017

JURUSAN KIMIA

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA

2018