CHAPTER 1

DESCRIPTION OF
LOADINGS

1|REINFORCED CONCRETE
DEFINITION OF LOADS

According to NSCP 2015 SECTION 202:

LOADS - are forces or other actions that result from the weight of all building materials,
occupants and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movements, and
restrained dimensional changes. Permanent loads are those loads in which variations over
time are rare or of small magnitude. All other loads are variable loads.

According to NSCP 2015 SECTION 202:

DEAD LOAD - consist of the weight of all the materials and fixed equipment incorporated
into the building or other structure.

According to NSCP 2015 SECTION 202:

LIVE LOAD - are those loads produced by the use and occupancy of the building or other
structure and do not include dead load, construction load, or environmental loads.

According to NSCP 2015 SECTION 208.5.1.1:

EARTHQUAKE LOAD - structures shall be designed for ground motion producing

structural response and seismic forces in any horizontal direction.

2|REINFORCED CONCRETE
Type of Occupancy: 4-Storey Residential Building

Loading used:
Dead loads
Minimum Design Dead Loads, kPa (from NSCP, 2015)

Concrete, reinforced (Slab) 3.54

Concrete Masonry Units, full grout (Wall) 2.84
Plaster on tile or concrete (Ceiling) 0.24
Ceramic or quarry tiles 1.10
Plumbing & Electrical (5%) 0.177
Sprinkler (7%) 0.2478

Live Loads

Minimum Design Live Loads (kPa) (from NSCP, 2015)

Basic Floor Area 1.9

Corridor 3.8

Reinforcement Grades and Strength

Referenced Types Grade Minimum Ultimate Size Restriction
ASTM Yield Strength fu
Standard Strength fy (MPa)
(MPa)
A615-85 Billet Steel Grade 40 276 483 #3 to #6 only
Grade 60 414 620
A616-85 Rail Steel Grade 50 345 551 #3 to #11 only
Grade 60 414 620 #3 to #11 only
A617-85 Axle Steel Grade 40 276 483 #3 to #11 only
Grade 60 414 620 #3 to #11 only
A706-84a Low Alloy Grade 60 414 551
A496-85 Def. Wire Reinf. Fabric 517 586
A497-79 483 551
A82-85 Cold-drawn Reinf. Fabric 483 551
Wire 448, 386 517, 483

3|REINFORCED CONCRETE