EXPERIMENT NO.

15

Design and Analysis of Microstrip Ring Hybrid (Rat-race) using Ansys HFSS

Date: 19/11/2018 PS No.:__________ Batch No. 5

ID No. 2018H1240064 H Name: SURESH SOLLETI

Aim:To design a microstrip ring hybrid (or rat-race coupler) in HFSS and analyze the frequency response of the
coupler.
 To plot the |S|-parameters of the 3 dB rat-race coupler.

Equipment & Components: Ansys HFSS electronic desktop.

Theory:

The 180◦ hybrid junction is a four-port network with a 180◦ phase shift between the two output ports.
With reference to the 180◦ hybrid symbol shown in Figure 1, a signal applied to port 1 will be evenly split into
two in-phase components at ports 2 and 3, and port 4 will be isolated. If the input is applied to port 4, it will be
equally split into two components with a 180◦ phase difference at ports 2 and 3, and port 1 will be isolated.
When operated as a combiner, with input signals applied at ports 2 and 3, the sum of the inputs will be formed
at port 1, while the difference will be formed at port 4. Hence, ports 1 and 4 are referred to as the sum and
difference ports, respectively.

Figure 1. Symbol for 180° hybrid junction.

The scattering matrix has the following form:

0 1 1 0
−𝑗
[𝑆] = [1 0 0 −1]
√2 1 0 0 1
0 −1 1 0

The ring hybrid, or rat-race, shown in Figure 2 can easily be constructed in planar (microstrip) form.

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 Figure 2. A ring hybrid, or rat-race, in microstrip line.

The typical frequency response of a 3 dB rat-race coupler is given in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Scattering parameters magnitudes versus frequency for a typical microstrip rat-race coupler.

Design Problem:
Design a 180° ring hybrid for a 50 Ω system impedance on FR-4 substrate of thickness 1.6 mm, and plot
the magnitude of the scattering parameters (S1j) from 0.5 f0 to 1.5 f0, where f0 (2.4 GHz) is the design
frequency.

Observations:
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Geometry of the coupler (with dimensions) designed in HFSS

Arms: Width(W) = 3.058974 mm

Circle: Outer Radius(r) = 14.72 mm , Inner Radius = 13.099 mm , Width(W) = 1.6210 mm

Plot of |S1j|-parameters:

ƴ
XY Plot 1 HFSSDesign1
0.00
Curve Info
dB(S(1,1))
Setup1 : Sw eep
S(1,3)
-5.00 dB(S(1,2))
S(1,2) Setup1 : Sw eep
dB(S(1,3))
Setup1 : Sw eep
-10.00 S(1,1)

-15.00
Y1

-20.00

-25.00

-30.00

-35.00

-40.00
1.20 1.70 2.20 2.70 3.20 3.60
Freq [GHz]

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Conclusion: In this experiment rat race coupler is designed using HFSS and S- parameters are plotted successfully

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