Switchgear heaters.

To prevent fire, remove any plastic

or polyethylene shrouding from the
switchgear sections before energizing any
Switchgear internal heaters.
• Electrical protection

3. If dampness or condensation may be

• Safe isolation from live parts encountered in the storage location, heaters
must be placed inside the switchgear sections to
• Local or remote switching
prevent moisture damage. Approximately 250
watts of heat in each section is required. On
outdoor switchgear equipment, this may be
• Receiving accomplished by making a temporary power
supply connection to the heaters already
installed in the equipment.
• Handling
CAUTION: If the space heaters are to be
• Storage temporarily energized
from external source, it is important to remove
the fuses on the
Receiving secondary side of the control power
transformer. This
precaution is to prevent a feed back of higher
voltage to other
portions of the equipment through the CPT
Handling primary.
LIFTING
Standard Design
Low Voltage Switchgear
1. ENCLOSURE AND STRUCTURE
 Steel Thickness is a minimum of 1.5mm
• Side cover (both ends of
arrangement): Min. 2.0mm
Storage
1. Remove protective covering. Check • Frame: Min. 2.0mm, painted
thoroughly for damage.
• Ceiling plate: 2.0mm
2. Store in a clean, dry, rodent-free location with • Bottom plate: Min. 2.0mm
moderate temperature and provide protective
coverings to prevent dirt, water, or other foreign • Internal partitions: Min. 1.5mm
substances from entering the switchgear. • Mounting plates: Min. 2.0mm

• CAUTION: Remove all cartons, containers

and any other miscellaneous packaging and  Standard front door/rear cover
packing material from inside the switchgear
sections before energizing any internal
 AC 1-phase........... 1st wire : Red

Locati

Locati

Handle Lock
2nd wire : Blue

Structure

on

on
Position

Neutral : Black

Handle
Hinge
AC 3-phase............. 1st phase : Red
2nd phase : Yellow
Three-hinge

3rd phase : Blue

door

Optional
d

Neutral : Black
Front

Right
Left

DC.............. Positive : Red

Negative : Blue
cover
s (x2)
Bolted
Rear

-
4. Painting and Colour
• Panel front door
- The panel front door is cleaned and
2. Control Circuit Wiring pre-treated for rust, and then phosphate
Wiring system: duct or bundled coated. Two coats of paint are then applied.
Insulation: heat-resistant plastic (PVC)
Size: 1.25mm2
• Panel frame and covers
- The panel frame and internal covers
Colour: yellow, except for earth wire (green)
are painted steel

5. Nameplates
3. Phase/Polarity Arrangement and Colour
Coding  Nameplates are of plastic with black
 Main circuit and control circuit
lettering on white background, fastened by
plastic rivets and are the following sizes:
arrangements are as follows:
AC………… 1st phase : L1 • Panel arrangement name: 63mm x
2nd phase : L2 315mm
3rd phase : L3
• Panel section name: 12mm x
50mm
DC ………… 1st wire : Positive
2nd wire: Negative
Medium Voltage Switchgear

 Main circuit colour identification is

• ENCLOSURE AND STRUCTURE
achieved with vinyl tape or coloured label  Steel Thickness is a minimum of 1.5mm
at bus end where main cables are
connected • Side cover (both ends of
AC………… 1st phase : Red arrangement): Min. 2.0mm
2nd phase : Yellow
3rd phase : Blue
• Frame: Min. 2.0mm
• Door: 2.0mm
Unless specially requested, the control circuit is
not colour coded.
• Ceiling plate: 2.0mm
 • Bottom plate: Min. 2.0mm
Neutral : Black

• Internal partitions: Min. 1.5mm AC 3-phase............. 1st phase : Red

2nd phase : Yellow
• Mounting plates: Min. 2.0mm 3rd phase : Blue
Neutral : Black

 Standard front door/rear cover DC.............. Positive : Red

Negative : Blue

Locatio
Hinge Location

Handle Lock
n
Structure
Position

Handle

4. Painting and Colour

• External enclosure surfaces
-
doors

Surfaces are first cleaned and

(x3)

pre-treated for rust. Two coats of

Optional
Hinged

paint are then applied: first, acrylic

Front

Right
Left

epoxy, and finally, melamine

enamel.
covers

•
(x2)

Internal enclosure surfaces

-
Bolted
Rear

As for external except only first

-

coat of acrylic epoxy, or alkyd

primer, applied.

5. Nameplates
2. Control Circuit Wiring
Wiring system: duct or bundled  Nameplates are of plastic with black
Insulation: 600V heat-resistant plastic (PVC) lettering on white background, fastened by
Size: 1.25mm2 plastic rivets and are the following sizes:
Colour: yellow, except for earth wire (green) • Panel arrangement name: 63mm x
315mm
• Panel section name: 16mm x
50mm
 Main circuit colour identification is
achieved with vinyl tape or coloured label
at bus end where main cables are SWITCHGEARS
connected CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF SWITCHGEARS
AC………… 1st phase : Red CLASSIFICATION OF SWITCHGEAR
2nd phase : Yellow
3rd phase : Blue • Low Voltage Switchgear

Unless specially requested, the control circuit is

• Medium Voltage Switchgear
not colour coded. • High Voltage Switchgear
AC 1-phase........... 1st wire : Red
2nd wire : Blue
LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR
• Rating: up to 1KV
• Used in Low Voltage Distribution Board
• includes low voltage circuit breakers,
switches, off load electrical isolators, HRC
fuses, earth leakage circuit breaker, MCB
The essential features to be provide in high
voltage circuit breaker, to ensure safe and
reliable operation the breakers used in high
voltage switchgear, must be capable of being
operated safely for:
• Terminal faults.

•
and MCCB
Short line faults.
MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR
• Rating: 3KV to 36KV • Transformer or reactors magnetizing
• Used to interrupt current during faulty
current.
condition irrespective of what type of CB is
used. • Energizing long transmission line.

A medium voltage switchgear, should be capable

of :
• Charging capacitor bank.

• Normal ON/OFF switching operation. • Switching of out of phase sequence

TYPES OF HV SWITCHGEARS
•
•
Short circuit current interruption.
Gas insulated indoor type
•
•
Switching of capacitive currents.
Air insulated outdoor type.
• Switching of inductive currents, and a.) Dead tank type circuit breaker
• Some special application.
b.) Live tank type circuit breaker

• Arc Furnace Switchgear

• Railway Traction
Construction
Outline
INTERRUPTION MEDIUM
• Oil
• Construction of Medium/High Voltage
Switchgear
• SF6 Gas (Sulphur Hexafluoride)
• Enclosure and partitions
• Vacuum
TYPES OF MV SWITCHGEAR B. Construction of Low Voltage Switchgear

• Metal Enclosed Indoor Type • Enclosure and partitions

• Metal Enclosed Outdoor Type • Pressure relief device for the internal arc
fault
• Outdoor Type without Metal Enclosure
HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR
• Rating: above 36KV
A. Medium/High Voltage Switchgear

• Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker, Air Blast Enclosure and partitions

Circuit Breaker and SF6 Circuit Breaker are 3 Divisions:
mostly used for High Voltage Switchgear
 1. Control Compartment 3. Control compartment
• Meters, Protective Relays,
Control Switches • Auxiliary relays, terminal blocks and fuses
are location in the control compartment.
2. Withdrawable Equipment
Compartment
• Ducting and bundling ensure that control
3. Maintenance Access wiring is systematic and neat.

• External control cable can be terminated to

Enclosure and partitions both sides of the compartment.
• Gas exhaust duct or Gas screen
• Ventilation • Wiring to devices mounted on the door are
protected from damage during opening or
• Control compartment closing by vinyl tubing.
• Withdrawable equipment compartment 4. Withdrawable equipment compartment
• Busbar compartment
1. Shutters Open
• Cable compartment 2. Shutters Closed
• Circuit breaker
3.
4.
Individual Shutter Operation
Optional Padlocking of Top and Bottom
• Earthening switch Shutters

• Power cable
5. Busbar compartment
• The main busbar is made of copper
conductor.
1. Gas exhaust duct or Gas screen
Gas Exhaust Duct
Ensure that in the event of an internal
• Bare busbar is a standard, but when
required, can be insulated. Main bus joints,
arc fault, any hot gases or vapours are
connecting bars, cable terminals can also
channelled away from personnel in the
be shrouded with insulating covers.
vicinity of the panel
6. Cable compartment
Gas screen
The gas screen can be selected instead • Current Transformers are installed in the
of the gas exhaust duct on the condition that Cable Compartment
ceiling height from floor of electrical room is 7. Circuit breaker
4.400 m or over

2. Ventilator
• When the current within a compartment is
2000 A or greater, a ventilator is required
for that compartment. However, not
required if gas exhaust duct is used.
8. Earthening switch Low Voltage Switch Gear

• Made of copper conductor.

How to operate it
Manually Operated Breakers
Closing Manually Operated Circuit Breakers
• It can be optionally tin-plated.
Tripping Manually Operated Breakers

• Installed along the full length of the

switchgear structure, with provision for
earth cable connection at each end.

• It can be easily accessed from the front by

removing the cover within the cable Circuit Breaker Key Interlock
compartment.

Medium Voltage Switchgear

B. Low Voltage Switchgear

Enclosure and partitions

2 divisions:

1. Control compartment
• Meters, Control Switches

2. Circuit Breaker compartment

Verification for readiness of service
Enclosure and partitions
1. Control circuit compartment
2. Busbar compartment
3. Air circuit breaker compartment
4. Cable compartment
5. Terminal block compartmen for control circuit
Verification of safe isolation from supply with
Pressure relief device for the internal arc fault the capacitive voltage detection system

• A pressure relief device can be optionally

installed for a futher improvement of
safety.

• In the event of an internal arc fault, the

pressure relief device, which is installed on
the top of the cubice, is forcibly operated Operating the three-position switch
by the rising internal pressure and the hot
gases released.
 3) Transformer or reactors magnetizing
current.
4) Energizing long transmission line.
5) Charging capacitor bank.
6) Switching of out of phase sequence.

Standard Ratings and Specifications

Low Voltage Switchgear
Operating levers for three-position switch Rated Characteristics

• Three phase, 3- or 4-wire feeders, 50

or 60 Hertz

• Voltages of 208,240,480, or 600V

(NEMA) / Voltages under 1000V (IEC)

Possible switch positions of the three-position • Rated currents up to 5000 amperes

switch-disconnector (NEMA)

• Short-circuit current rating

• Short-time withstand rating

Medium and high voltage switchgear

a) Rated characteristics(IEC)
b) Rated voltage
Preconditions for operation
c) Rated insulation level
Preconditions for operating the three-position
d) Rated frequency
switch:
e) Rated normal current
• Cable compartment cover installed
f) Rated short-time withstand current
• Switchgear ‘‘ready for service“
g) Rated peak withstand current
• Operating lever available
h) Rated duration of short-circuit
• Control gate unlocked
i) Rated supply voltage of closing and
opening devices and of auxiliary circuits
High Voltage Switch Gear j) Rated supply frequency of closing and
HV Switchgear opening devices and of auxiliary circuits
The essential features to be provide in high k) Rated pressures of compressed gas
voltage circuit breaker, to ensure safe and supply and/or of hydraulic supply for
reliable operation the breakers used in high operation, interruption, and insulation,
voltage switchgear, must be capable of being as applicable
operated safely for, l) Rated short-circuit breaking current
m) Transient recovery voltage related to
1) Terminal faults. the rated short-circuit breaking current
2) Short line faults. n) Rated short-circuit making current
o) Rated operating sequence
 p) Rated time quantities Rated supply voltage for closing and opening
devices and auxiliary circuits
Voltages -for auxiliary circuits

•
-120-230 volts (ac)
-24-48-60-110 or 125-220-250
Operating voltage U (kV)
volts (dc)

• Rated voltage Ur (kV)

•
Rated transient recovery voltage (TRV)
Insulation level -is the voltage that appears across the
terminals of a circuit breaker pole after the

• Rated power frequency withstand

voltage, Ud(kV rms 1min)
current has been interrupted.

•
Rated operating sequence
Rated lightning impulse withstand
voltage, Up (kV peak) Rated short-circuit breaking current
-is the highest value of current that the
Rated frequency circuit breaker must be capable of breaking at its
rated voltage.

• 5 0 Hz
-Values: 6.3 – 8 – 10 – 12.5 – 16 – 20 –
25 – 31.5 – 40 – 50 – 63 kA

• 6 0 Hz

Current

Rated normal current, Ir (A)

Rated short-time withstand current, Ik (A)

-is the standardized rms value of the
maximum permissible short-circuit current on a
network for the rated duration of short-circuit.
-Values: 6.3 – 8 – 10 – 12.5 - 16 - 20 - 25
- 31.5 - 40 - 50 - 63kA

Rated peak withstand current

-peak value of the short-time withstand
current
-2.6 * Isc for 60 Hz

Rated short-circuit duration

-standard value of rated duration of
short-circuit is 1s.
-other recommended values are 0.5s,
2s, 3s.