FORMAT FOR RESEARCH REPORT LEVEL 8 2018

Title page
Declaration
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Table of contents
Abbreviations
List of figures

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction
In the introduction the main problem variables are introduced clearly with broad and focused definitions
giving an overall picture or global view.

1.2 Background of the study

The background of the problem is highlighted as information about your problem that forms the basis of
your study. The problem outline from global to local context is highlighted. Statistical evidences are very
important in this section. Information about the actual context of the problem should be highlighted. Always
paraphrase and never plagiarize (Is punishable and your study can be cancelled).

1.3 Problem statement

This is a clear statement of what the problem is in order to justify the reason and intention for the study.
Cleary indicate the variables, the population and the setting in your problem statement (as per proposal).

1.4 Purpose of the study

Is clarified concisely and precisely as possible to serve as overall aim or goal why the study is to be
conducted. It should be stated objectively as a single comprehensive statement combining all the variables
in the study (one purpose for one study).

1.5 Objectives of the study

Objectives are derived from the purpose as specific activities to be achieved and are stated unambiguously.
They are action statement that address a single variable and contain a verb
1.6 Significance of the study: Why is the study important and what purpose will the findings serve. Who will
benefit and how will they benefit.

1.7 Terminology
Define concepts operationally.

1.8 Summary of the chapter

Conclusive of the content in the chapter and not copy and paste some sentences from the chapter .

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction of literature review. What are you going to review? Outline the strategy of review.
2.2 The body: Identify key concepts of your study and write what you read about them, discussion of the
different authors’ viewpoints and previous research done.

Formulate headings and subheadings for your literature. Critically look at information you review and check
on any similarities or contradictions among the writers and do not just reproduce authors’ ideas. All
objectives should be covered in the literature review.

Arrange your information chronologically and let the ideas flow logically onto each other. Paraphrasing and
paragraphing should be done appropriately and in logical sequences. Give overview of current knowledge on
the problem, what is known about the problem as published in articles, written in research reports or in text
books. Therefore, the sources of information should not be very old (preferably five years old).

Follow guidelines given in class on how to write literature review. Indicate sources of your information
clearly and correctly according to the APA Reference Style as given to you (latest one)

2.3 Summary of the chapter. Summarize the key finding from this chapter.

3. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction: research design, what it is and what the chapter is all about.

3.2 Research Design: Clear statement on either quantitative or qualitative research approach is used. The
specific design you intend to use in the study should be outline. Justify why this is the ideal approach and
design for your study.

3.3 Population and sample where applicable

Describe the characteristics of your population including where it’s located. Specify accessible population
where applicable.

3.4 Sampling method and sample size

State clearly the technique you will use to draw the sample from the target population and justify the
appropriateness of this method. The sampling technique should be based on quantitative or qualitative
approach.
State how the sample size was calculated and show the calculation where applicable including the formula
used.

3.5 Data collection what it is.

3.5.1 Research instrument

Give an outline of the data collection instrument/s and justify why it is the most appropriate for your study.
Give a summary of the contents of the instrument/s.

3.5.2 Procedure for data collection

Explain in detail how data will be collected from the participants. Details to include who will collect the data,
where will data be collected, when will it be collected, how will participants consent, how much time will it
take etc.
 3.5.3 Pilot study
Explain the procedure for the pilot study. Include details on who will do it, where, the number of participants
and how the data will from the pilot study analyzed or used.

3.6 Validity and Reliability (quantitative research) or trustworthiness (qualitative study)

Choose the strategies and techniques which are applicable to your study and say how you will ensure each in
your own study. Explain the procedures you will carry out to ensure validity and reliability or trustworthiness
in you study.

3.7 Data analysis;

Outline the strategy for data analysis and indicate some of the methods that will be used to analyze the main
variables

3.7 Research ethics

Explain how you will address the three ethical principles in your study, i.e. Respect for person, beneficence
and justice. More emphasis should be placed on the application of the principles than definitions.

3.9 Summary of the chapter.

4. CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS

Quantitative research: To be completed later

Qualitative research: Data analysis and literature control. Chapter 2 will be extracted and used for literature
control together with other sources retrieved further.

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Results
4.3 Demographics

5. CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION OF RESULTS, (Later)

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Discussion
Discuss results and compare your results with those found in the literature.

6 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND LIMITATIONS

6.1 Conclusion – final conclusion based on the objectives of study, results and discussion.

6.2 Recommendations – recommendation based the objectives of study, results and discussion

6.3 Limitations – limitations of the study explain in full.

7. REFERENCE LIST

All sources used for your writing should be acknowledged by using American Psychological Association
(APA) style version 6.

8. Appendices