JIBACHHA PUBLISHING

Jibachha's Textbook of
Animal Health Vol. II
(Based on SEE & CTEVT Diploma Syllabus)

DR. JIBACHHA SAH

Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II
Veterinary Publishing DR. PRABHAKAR K. SHAH
 Jibachha's Textbook of
Animal Health
Volume - II
(Based On SEE & CTEVT Diploma Animal Health Syllabus)

Dr. Jibachha Sah

B.V.Sc & A.H., M.V.Sc (T.U.)
Laboratory Training, NDDB, Gujarat, India

Dr. Prabhakar Kumar Shah

B.V.Sc & A.H. (P.U.), M.V.Sc (Medicine, AFU)
Director
Jibachha's Veterinary Hospital (P) Ltd.
Sanepa-3, Jhamsikhel, Lalitpur

Jibachha Veterinary Hospital Research & Training Center (P.) Ltd.

Bharatpur-4, Narayangarh, Chitwan, Nepal
E-mail: vhrtc@yahoo.com, Tel: +977-56-570726

Jibachha Publishing
(Veterinary Publisher and Distributors)
Bharatpur-4, Narayangarh, Chitwan, Nepal
E-mail: jibachhashah@gmail.com, Tel: +977-56-570726

Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II i

Jibachha's Textbook of
Animal Health Volume
Volume-II

Edited by: Dr. Jibachha Sah and Dr. Prabhakar Kumar Shah

Copyright @ 10 March, 2019, Jibachha Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
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Published by Jibachha's Publishing

Bharatpur-4, Lankupul, Narayangarh, Chitwan, Nepal.
E-mail: jibachhashah@gmail.com, vhrtc@yahoo.com
Phone: 056-570726

ISBN: 078-9937-727-00-6

Price: Rs. 1,150/-

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ii Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II

 ABBREVIATION
A.I. - Artificial insemination
BPM - Beat per minute
B.Q. - Black quarter
BVD - Bovine viral diarrhoea
CCV - Canine corona virus
CMT - California mastitis test
CNS - Central nervous system
CRD - Chronic Respiratory Disease
CD - Canine distemper
E.coli. - Escherichia coli
FMD - Foot and mouth disease
F.T. - Fowl Typhoid
H.S. - Haemorrhagic septicaemia
IBD - Infectious bursal disease
IM - Intramuscular
IV - Intravenous
MD - Marek's disease
M.G. - Mycoplasma gallisepticum
NDV - Newcastle disease virus
P.D. - Pullorum Disease
PPR - Peste des petits ruminants
R.P. - Rinderpest
SC - Subcutaneous
SCC - Somatic cell count

Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II iii

 PREFACE
"Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-II" is
designed for the SEE and CTEVT diploma level student of veterinary
medicine. The content of the book is based on CTEVT & SEE syllabus
on animal health volume-II. The first section includes all the theory
topics; Bacterial and viral diseases of livestock and poultry, fungal
diseases of poultry, internal and external parasites of livestock and
poultry, metabolic diseases, deficiency diseases, diseases of public
health importance and artificial insemination technique in livestock.
The second part of this book is based on animal health
volume-II practical session which includes preparation of CMT
reagents, practical sterilization of glassware’s, media preparation,
cultural examination of milk, vaccination practice in livestock and
poultry, identification of common internal parasites of cattle and
buffaloes, identification of common internal and external parasites
of sheep, goat and poultry, collection and examination of blood for
the protozoa, examination of urine for ketone bodies, practice of
rectal examination, restraint of animals, artificial insemination and
pregnancy diagnosis.
In the series of our 36 books on veterinary clinical field
"Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-II" is purely
a syllabus based book which is written with authentic text and
references. This book is especially designed for the students of
technical education to easy, concise, understandable manner and quick
reference. In the time of preparation, past examinations paper were
highly considered, which will enable students to achieve excellent
score in the examination.
The experience gathered by the authors in the course of their
long number of years in publishing veterinary books for the students
and coordinating animal health courses, was strongly brought to
bear on the preparation of this course book; a serious student shall
therefore find the book user friendly and easy to read and understand.
We strongly believe that "Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health
Volume–II" shall adequately meet the needs of veterinary students
and teachers.

Dr. Prabhakar Kumar Shah Dr. Jibachha Sah

B.V.Sc & A.H. (P.U.), M.V.Sc (Medicine, AFU) B.V.Sc & A.H., M.V.Sc (T.U.)

iv Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II

 INDEX
Abbreviation iii
Preface iv

UNIT 1
Bacterial diseases of livestock
Haemorrhagic septicaemia 1
Anthrax 5
Black quarter 10
Mastitis 14
Tetanus 24
Brucellosis 28
Foot rot 32
Enterotoxaemia 34
Strangles 37
Glanders 39
Actinomycosis 40
Actinobacillosis 42

UNIT 2
Bacterial diseases of poultry
Pullorum disease (PD) 45
Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) 48
Colibacillosis 50
Fowl typhoid 52

UNIT 3
Viral diseases of livestock
Rabies 55
Rinderpest disease (RP) 61
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) 64
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in goat 66
Swine fever 69
Canine distemper 72

Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II v

 UNIT 4
Viral diseases of poultry
Ranikhet disease 76
Gumboro disease 81
Marek’s disease 84
Infectious bronchitis 87
Fowl pox 90

UNIT 5
Fungal diseases of poultry
Ringworm 93
Mycotoxicosis 94
Aspergillosis (Brooder pneumonia) 96

UNIT 6
Disease caused by internal parasites
Liver fluke 98
Amphistomiasis 101
Roundworm of ruminants – large and small 104
Ascariasis 104
Strongylosis 106
Hookworm infections 109
Ancylostomiasis 109
Haemonchosis 110
Dirofilariasis 112
Setariasis 114
Roundworm of pig and poultry 116
Gid 119
Babesiosis (Redwater fever) 121
Coccidiosis 123
Theileriosis 126

Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II

 UNIT 7
Disease caused by external parasites
Lice 130
Ticks 132
Mites 133
Leeches 135

UNIT 8
Metabolic diseases
Milk fever 136
Grass tetany 139
Ketosis 141
Visceral gout in poultry 143

UNIT 9
Deficiency diseases
Rickets 144
Vitamin deficiencies 145
Mineral deficiencies 146

UNIT 10
Diseases of public health importance
Importance of zoonotic disease 151
Milk borne diseases 152
Meat borne diseases 155
Concept of one health 155
Why One Health? 156
Concept of epidemiology 156
Introduction of zoonotic disease 157
Classification of zoonoses based on etiology 158

Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II

 UNIT 11
Artificial inseminations
Importance and scope of AI 160
Advantages and disadvantages of AI 161
Insemination technique 162

UNIT 12
Congenital anomalies 167

Animal Health-II Practicals

Practical 1:
Preparation of CMT reagent and
172
examination of milk

Practical 2:
Practice of sterilization of glassware 175

Practical 3:
Practice of media preparation 177

Practical 4:
Cultural examination of milk and Gram’s staining 178

Practical 5:
Vaccination practices in livestock and poultry 182

Practical 6:
Identification of common internal
184
parasites of cattle and buffaloes
Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II
Practical 7:
Identification of common internal
187
parasites of sheep and goat

Practical 8:
Identification of common internal
190
parasites of poultry

Practical 9:
Morphology of external parasites of poultry 192

Practical 10:
Collection and examination of
193
blood for the protozoa
Practical 11:
Examination of urine for ketone bodies 197

Practical 12:
Practice of rectal examination 199

Practical 13:
Restraint of animal 202

Practical 14:
Practice of Artificial Insemination 208

Practical 15:
Pregnancy diagnosis 210

Practical 16:
Parturition stage & practice 213

Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II

Practical 17:
Sperm collection, motility and count 217

Practical 18:
Vaccination practice in dog and cat 224

Practical 19:
Determination of heat (oestrus) 226

Practical 20:
Field disease investigation practice 232

Alphabetical index 234-243

Model Question of SEE & Diploma Level 244-247

References 248-249

Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II

Bacterial diseases of livestock

1
Bacterial
Unit

diseases of livestock
Haemorrhagic septicaemia

Synonyms: Pasteurellosis, Shipping fever, Bhayegute (In Nepali)

Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is a major infectious disease
of cattle and buffaloes characterized by an acute, highly fatal
septicaemia with high morbidity and mortality.
Etiology: It is caused by Pasteurella multocida,
a gram-negative, non-motile coccobacillus
1. P. boviseptica - the cause of H.S. in Cattle
2. P. bubaliseptica - the cause of H.S. in buffalo
3. P. aviseptica - the cause of Fowl cholera
4. P. oviseptica - the cause of sheep pneumonia
5. P. suiseptica - the cause of so-called swine plague
6. P. equiseptica - Associated with Equine influenza
7. P. lepiseptica - Associated with Snuffles in rabbits
Transmission:
1. Ingestion of contaminated feed and water
2. Inhalation
Symptoms:

Marked subcutaneous edema in Bovine head and neck.

Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II 1

Bacterial diseases of livestock

1. High fever (106 - 107°F)

2. Loss of appetite
3. Suspended rumination
4. Dullness and depression
5. Rapid pulse & heart rate
6. Profuse salivation and lacrimation
7. Profuse nasal discharge
8. Difficult/snoring respiration
9. Swelling of throat region (submandibular oedema)
10. Death within 10-72 hours.

Diagnosis:

Bovine heart - there are numerous often coalescing petechiae on the epicardium.
1. History of season, climate & stress factor.
2. Symptoms - high fever, swelling of throat region.
3. Postmortem findings - hemorrhages throughout body &
submandibular edema.
4. Examination of blood smears and smears from oedematous fluid.
5. Isolation of the organism from blood & edematous fluid.
2 Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II
 Bacterial diseases of livestock
Treatment:
Treatment is effective if given in early stage of disease.
a) Specific treatment:
1. Injection Sulphadimidine @ 150 mg/Kg body weight IV
daily for 3 days.
2. Injection Oxytetracycline @ 5-10 mg/Kg body weight IV
or IM daily for 3 days.
b) Supportive treatment:
1. Use of antipyretics to reduce body temperature.
2. Use of antihistaminic e.g. Injection Pheniramine maleate
or Chlorpheniramine maleate 5-10 ml IM.

Control:
a) General measures:
1. Isolation and treatment of the affected animals.
2. Close animal markets, cattle shows etc.
3. Burning or burial of dead animals.
4. Proper disposal of contaminated feed and water.
5. Disinfection of cattle shed.
6. Avoid   long   distance   transportation   and   exposure to
extreme weather.
b) Vaccination:
Alum precipitated H.S. vaccine@ 5 ml subcutaneous every
year before monsoon.

Raksha-HS+BQ vaccine contains formaldehyde

inactivated cultures Pasteurella multocida and
Clostridium chauvoei asorbed on aluminium
hydroxide gel.

Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II 3

Bacterial diseases of livestock
Contraindication:
Do not vaccinate unhealthy animals suffering from disease, parasitic
burden, malnutrition, allergic conditions and extreme stress, etc.

Side effects:
Generally no significant side effects are noticed after vaccination.
However, in few cases a small swelling may develop at the site
of inoculation which usually subsides within a few days.

Dosage:
Cattle, Buffaloes and Calves - 3 ml

Self-study:

1. What is the drug of choice for treatment of Haemorrhagic

Septicaemia (Pasteurellosis) in cattle?
Solution:
33.3% Sulphadimidine

2. The most vulnerable age of haemorrhagic septicaemia in

cattle are. 
Solution:
The most vulnerable age is between 6 months and 2 years.

3. Three kinds of vaccine are widely used in prevention of

haemorrhagic septicaemia are
Solution:
Plain bacterin, alum-type precipitated bacterin, and oil-
adjuvant bacterin.
4. The most effective vaccine agaist haemorrhagic septicaemia is
Solution:
Bacterin is the oil-adjuvant-one dose provides protection for
9-12 month; it should be administered annually.

4 Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II

 Bacterial diseases of livestock

Anthrax

Synonyms: Splenic fever, Patke (in Nepali)

It is an acute widespread infectious disease of all warm
blooded animals specially cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat. It
is communicable to man i.e. zoonotic disease. It is soil-borne
infection. It usually occurs after major climatic change. The
disease is enzootic (means prevalent among or restricted to
animals of a specific geographic area) in Nepal.
Etiology: This disease is caused by bacteria called Bacillus
anthracis, Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped
bacterium.

Bacillus anthracis

Transmission:
1. It usually spreads through ingestion of contaminated feed
and water.
2. Sometimes, it also occurs by inhalation and biting flies.
3. Through a cut in the skin exposed to the bacterium (cutaneous).

Symptoms:
There are three forms of anthrax: (1) cutaneous, (2) inhalation,
and (3) gastrointestinal form.

Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health-II 5