LAMPIRAN A

PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

Pembuatan pabrik asam sulfat dengan bahan baku sulfur dan udara
direncanakan dengan kapasitas 300.000 ton/tahun. Skema perhitungan neraca
massa digambarkan dalamuraian berikut ini.
Basis waktu operasi = 1 jam operasi
Hari kerja dalam setahun = 330 hari/tahun
Jam kerja dalam sehari = 24 jam/hari
Kapasitas produksi = 300000 ton/tahun
Konversi reaktor = 99,89 %
Bahan baku = Sulfur , udara, air, dan katalis V2O5
Produk utama = H2SO4
Flow massa = 300000 ton/tahun x 1000 kg/ton x 1
tahun/330 hari x 1 hari/24 jam
= 37878,7879 kg/jam
A. Spesifikasi Bahan Baku dan Produk
1. Spesifikasi Bahan Baku Sulfur
Sulfur : 99,5 % berat
H2O : 0,05 % berat
(http://www.jordansulphur.com)
2. Spesifikasi Bahan Baku Udara
O2 : 20,95%
N2 : 78,08%
Ar : 0,93%
CO2 : 0,033%
(Shakhashiri, 2007)
3. Kelembapan Udara
Berdasarkan data dari Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan
Geofisika (BMKG) rata-rata udara di Indonesia memiliki
 kelembaban relatif 90%. Kemudian dicari humidity udara dengan
grafik psycrometric didapatkan nilai 0,026 mol H2O/mol udara
kering.
4. Spesifikasi Produk keluar
H2SO4 : 98,5 %
H2O : 1,5 %
B. Konversi
Konversi SO2 menjadi SO3 pada masing-masing bed sebagai
berikut :
Bed 1 : 74%
Bed 2 : 70,80%
Bed 3 : 56,6%
Bed 4 : 93,9%
C. Data Pendukung (Referensi)
Komponen BM (kg/kmol)
S 32
O2 32
N2 28
H2O 18
SO2 64
SO3 80
H2SO4 98
D. Reaksi Pembentukan Asam Sulfat
S + O2 SO2 (1)
SO2 + ½ O2 SO3 (2)
SO3 + H2O 2 H2SO4 (3)
Blok Diagram
E. Perhitungan Neraca Massa
Basis = 1000kg sulfur
1. Unit Melter
Fungsi : melelehkan sulfur solid menjadi sulfur liquid
Neraca massa total
1=2
Reaksi : S (s) S (l)
Aliran 1 = sulfur padat umpan
Aliran 2 = sulfur cair keluar
Aliran 1
Sulfur = 1000 kg/jam
0,36 %
H2O = 1000 x ( 99,49 %)

= 3,618 kg/jam
0,15 %
Ash = 1000 x ( 99,49 %)

= 1,508 kg/jam
Komponen Input (kg/jam) Output (kg/jam)
Arus 1 Arus 2
S (s) 1000 0
S (l) 0 1000
H2O 3,618 3,618
Ash 1,508 1,508
Total 1005,126 1005,126

2. Unit Burner
Fungsi : membakar sulfur dengan oksigen menghasilkan SO2
arus 2
SULFUR arus 4
SULFUR
arus 3 BURNER
O2

Neraca massa total

2+3=4
1,5 kmol O2 dibutuhkan untuk memproduksi 1 kmol sulfur
Asumsi = reaksi 100%
O2 berlebih = 60 %
Massa sulfur mula – mula = 1000 kg
Mol sulfur mula – mula = 1000 : 32,065 kg/kmol
= 31,1867 kmol
Mol sulfur bereaksi = 31,1867 kmol x 100%
= 31,1867 kmol
Mol sulfur sisa = 31,1867 kmol - 31,1867 kmol
= 0 kmol
Mol Oksigen mula – mula = (100% + 60%) x 31,1867 kmol
= 49,8986 kmol
Mol Oksigen bereaksi = 31,1867 kmol
Mol Oksigen sisa = 49,8986 kmol - 31,1867 kmol
= 18,7120 kmol
Mol SO2 yang terbentuk = 31,1867 kmol

S + O2 SO2
m 31,1867 49,8986
r 31,1867 31,1867 31,1867
s 0 18,7120 31,1867
Arus 2
Sulfur cair = 1000 kg
Ash = 1,508 kg

Aliran 3
Mol O2 mula –mula = 49,8986 kmol
Massa O2 mula-mula = 49,8986 kmol x 32 kg/kmol
= 1596,757 kg
79
Massa N2 = 21 x 49,8986 kmol x 28,014 kg/kmol

= 5258,618 kg
 Aliran 4
Ash = 1,508 kg
Massa O2 sisa = 18,7120 kmol x 32 kg/kmol
= 598,784 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Massa SO2 yang terbentuk = 31,1867 kmol x 64,065 kg/kmol
= 1997,973 kg
Komponen Input (kg/jam) Output (kg/jam)
Arus 2 Arus 3 Arus 4
S (l) 1000
Ash 1,508 1,508
O2 1596,757 598,784
N2 5258,618 5258,618
SO2 1997,973
Sub total 1001,508 6855,375 7856,883
Total 7856,883 7856,883

3. Filter

arus 4 arus 6
HOT GAS FILTER

arus 5

4=5+6
Aliran 4
Ash = 1,508 kg
Massa O2 = 598,784 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Massa SO2 = 1997,973 kg

Arus 5
Ash = 1,508 kg
 Arus 6
Massa O2 = 598,784 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Massa SO2 = 1997,973 kg

4. Converter
Fungsi : Mereaksikan SO2 dengan O2 agar terkonversi menjadi SO3
a. Unit reaktor bed I

6=7
Konversi pada bed I yaitu 69,38%
Massa SO2 mula – mula = 1997,973 kg
Mol SO2 mula – mula = 1997,973 kg : 64,065 kg/kmol
= 31,187 kmol
Mol SO2 bereaksi = 31,187 kmol x 69,38%
= 21,6373 kmol
Mol SO2 sisa = 31,187 kmol - 21,6373 kmol
= 9,5494 kmol
Massa O2 mula – mula = 598,784 kg
Mol O2 mula – mula = 598,784 kg : 32 kg/kmol
= 18,712 kmol
Mol O2 bereaksi = ½ x 21,6373 kmol
= 10,819 kmol
Mol O2 sisa = 18,712 kmol - 10,819 kmol
= 7,893 kmol
Mol SO3 yang terbentuk = 21,6373 kmol
 SO2 + ½ O2 SO3
M 31,187 18,712
R 21,6373 10,819 21,6373
S 9,5494 7,893 21,6373

Arus 6
Massa O2 = 598,784 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Massa SO2 = 1997,973 kg

Arus 7
Mol O2 sisa = 9,5494 kmol
Massa O2 sisa = 9,5494 kmol x 32 kg/kmol
= 252,587 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Mol SO2 sisa = 9,5494kmol
Massa SO2 sisa = 9,5494 kmol x 64,065 kg/kmol
= 611,779 kg
Mol SO3 yang terbentuk = 21,6373 kmol
Massa SO3 yang terbentuk = 21,6373 kmol x 80,065 kg/kmol
= 1732,390 kg

Komponen Input (kg/jam) Output (kg/jam)

Aliran 6 Aliran 7
O2 598,784 252,587
N2 5258,618 5258,618
SO2 1997,973 611,779
SO3 1732,390
Total 7855,375 7855,375
b. Unit reaktor bed 2
7=8
Konversi pada bed II yaitu 90%
Massa SO2 mula – mula = 1997,973 kg
Mol SO2 mula – mula = 1997,973 kg : 64,065 kg/kmol
= 31,187 kmol
Mol SO2 bereaksi = 31,187 kmol x 90%
= 28,068 kmol
Mol SO2 sisa = 31,187 kmol - 28,068 kmol
= 3,119 kmol
Massa O2 mula – mula = 598,784 kg
Mol O2 mula – mula = 598,784 kg : 32 kg/kmol
= 18,712 kmol
Mol O2 bereaksi = ½ x 28,068 kmol
= 14,034 kmol
Mol O2 sisa = 18,712 kmol - 14,034 kmol
= 4,678 kmol
Mol SO3 yang terbentuk = 28,068 kmol
SO2 + ½ O2 SO3
m 31,187 18,712
r 28,068 14,034 28,068
s 3,119 4,678 28,068

Arus 7
Massa O2 = 252,587 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Massa SO2 = 611,779 kg
Massa SO3 = 1732,390 kg

Arus 8
Mol O2 sisa = 4,678kmol
 Massa O2 sisa = 4,678 kmol x 32 kg/kmol
= 149,696 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Mol SO2 sisa = 3,119 kmol
Massa SO2 sisa = 3,119 kmol x 64,065 kg/kmol
= 199,797 kg
Mol SO3 yang terbentuk = 28,068 kmol
Massa SO3 yang terbentuk = 28,068 kmol x 80,065 kg/kmol
= 2247,263 kg

Komponen Input (kg/jam) Output (kg/jam)

Aliran 7 Aliran 8
O2 252,587 149,696
N2 5258,618 5258,618
SO2 611,779 199,797
SO3 1732,390 2247,263
Total 7855,375 7855,375

c. Unit reaktor bed 3

8=9
Konversi pada bed 3 yaitu 96,4%
Massa SO2 mula – mula = 1997,973 kg
Mol SO2 mula – mula = 1997,973 kg : 64,065 kg/kmol
= 31,187 kmol
Mol SO2 bereaksi = 31,187 kmol x 96,4%
= 30,064 kmol
Mol SO2 sisa = 31,187 kmol - 30,064 kmol
= 1,123 kmol
 Massa O2 mula – mula = 598,784 kg
Mol O2 mula – mula = 598,784 kg : 32 kg/kmol
= 18,712 kmol
Mol O2 bereaksi = ½ x 30,064 kmol
= 15,032 kmol
Mol O2 sisa = 18,712 kmol - 15,032 kmol
= 3,68 kmol
Mol SO3 yang terbentuk = 30,064 kmol
SO2 + ½ O2 SO3
m 31,187 18,712
r 30,064 15,032 30,064
s 1,123 3,68 30,064

Arus 8
Massa O2 sisa = 149,696 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Massa SO2 sisa = 199,797 kg
Massa SO3 yang terbentuk = 2247,263 kg

Arus 9
Mol O2 sisa = 3,68 kmol
Massa O2 sisa = 3,68 kmol x 32 kg/kmol
= 117,761 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Mol SO2 sisa = 1,123 kmol
Massa SO2 sisa = 1,123 kmol x 64,065 kg/kmol
= 71,927 kg
Mol SO3 yang terbentuk = 30,064 kmol
Massa SO3 yang terbentuk = 30,064 kmol x 80,065 kg/kmol
= 2407,069 kg
Neraca massa
 Komponen Input (kg/jam) Output (kg/jam)
Aliran 8 Aliran 9
O2 149,696 117,761
N2 5258,618 5258,618
SO2 199,797 71,927
SO3 2247,263 2407,069
Total 7855,375 7855,375

5. Absorber I
arus 12

arus 9 Interpass absorber arus 10

arus 13

Asumsi
Konversi = 99,9% SO3 terabsorb
Mol SO3 mula-mula = 30,064 kmol
Mol SO3 bereaksi = 30,064 kmol x 99,9%
= 30,034 kmol
Mol SO3 sisa = 30,064 kmol – 30,034 kmol
= 0,030 kmol
Mol H2O mula-mula = 30,034 kmol x 1,2
= 36,041 kmol
Mol H2O bereaksi = 30,034 kmol
Mol H2O sisa = 36,041 kmol – 30,034 kmol
= 6,007 kmol
Mol H2SO4 yang terbentuk = 30,034 kmol
 SO3 + H2O H2SO4
M 30,064 36,041
R 30,034 30,034 30,034
S 0,030 6,007 30,034

9 + 12 = 13 + 10
Arus 9
Massa O2 = 117,761 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Massa SO2 = 71,927 kg
Massa SO3 yang terbentuk = 2407,069 kg

Arus 12
Mol H2O mula-mula = 36,041 kmol
Massa H2O mula-mula = 36,041 kmol x 18,015 kg/kmol
= 649,272 kg
Kebutuhan H2SO4 = fraksi H2O x massa H2O
0,985
= ( ( 1−0,985) x 649,272 kg

= 42635,539 kg

Arus 13
Massa H2O = 6,007 kmol x 18,015 kg/kmol
= 108,212 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 42635,539 kg + ( 30,034 kmol x 98,08
kg/kmol)
= 45581,261 kg

Arus 10
Massa O2 = 117,761 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Massa SO2 = 71,927 kg
Massa SO3 = 0,03kmol x 80,065 kg/kmol
= 2,407 kg
Komponen Input (kg/jam) Output (kg/jam)
Aliran 9 Aliran 12 Aliran 13 Aliran 10
O2 117,761 5258,618
N2 5258,618 117,761
SO2 71,927 71,927
SO3 2407,069 2,407
H2O 649,272 108,212
H2SO4 42635,539 45581,261
Total 7855,375 43284,812 45689,473 5450,713
51140,187 51140,187

d. Bed IV

arus 10

BED 4

arus 11

10 = 11
Konversi pada bed 4 yaitu 99,7%
Massa SO2 mula – mula = 1997,973 kg
Mol SO2 mula – mula = 1997,973 kg : 64,065 kg/kmol
= 31,187 kmol
Mol SO2 bereaksi = 31,187 kmol x 99,7%
= 31,093 kmol
Mol SO2 sisa = 31,187 kmol – 31,093 kmol
 = 0,094 kmol
Massa O2 mula – mula = 598,784 kg
Mol O2 mula – mula = 598,784 kg : 32 kg/kmol
= 18,712 kmol
Mol O2 bereaksi = ½ x 31,093 kmol
= 15,547 kmol
Mol O2 sisa = 18,712 kmol - 15,547 kmol
= 3,165 kmol
Mol SO3 yang terbentuk = 31,093 kmol

SO2 + ½ O2 SO3
M 31,187 18,712
R 31,093 15,547 31,093
S 0,094 3,165 31,093

Arus 10
Massa O2 = 117,761 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Massa SO2 = 71,927 kg
Massa SO3 = 2,407 kg

Arus 11
Mol O2 sisa = 3,165kmol
Massa O2 sisa = 3,165 kmol x 32 kg/kmol
= 101,294 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Mol SO2 sisa = 0,094 kmol
Massa SO2 sisa = 0,094 kmol x 64,065 kg/kmol
= 5,994 kg
Mol SO3 yang terbentuk = 31,093 kmol
Massa SO3 yang terbentuk = 31,093 kmol x 80,065 kg/kmol
 = 2,407 kg
Neraca massa
Komponen Input (kg/jam) Output (kg/jam)
Aliran 10 Aliran 11
O2 117,761 101,294
N2 5258,618 5258,618
SO2 71,927 5,994
SO3 2,407 84,807
Total 5450,713 5450,713

6. Final Absorber
arus 14

arus 11 Final absorber arus 16

arus 15

Asumsi
Konversi = 99,9% SO3 terabsorb
Massa SO3 mula –mula = 84,807 kg
Mol SO3 mula-mula = 84,807 kg : 80,065 kg/kmol
= 1,059 kmol
Mol SO3 bereaksi = 1,059 kmol x 99,9%
= 1,058 kmol
Mol SO3 sisa = 1,059 kmol – 1,058 kmol
= 0,001 kmol
Mol H2O mula-mula = 1,058 kmol x 1,2
= 1,270 kmol
Mol H2O bereaksi = 1,058 kmol
Mol H2O sisa = 1,269 kmol – 1,058 kmol
 = 0,212 kmol
Mol H2SO4 yang terbentuk = 1,058 kmol

SO3 + H2O H2SO4

m 1,059 1,270
r 1,058 1,058 1,058
s 0,001 0,212 1,058

11 + 14 = 15 + 16
Arus 11
Massa O2 = 101,294 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Massa SO2 = 5,994 kg
Massa SO3 = 84,807 kg

Arus 14
Mol H2O mula-mula
Massa H2O mula-mula
Kebutuhan H2SO4
= 1,270 kmol
= 1,270 kmol x 18,015 kg/kmol
= 22,875 kg
= fraksi H2O x massa H2O
0,985
= ( ( 1−0,985) x 22,875 kg

= 1502,151 kg
Arus 15
Massa H2O = 0,212 kmol x 18,015 kg/kmol
= 3,813 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 1502,151 kg + ( 1,058 kmol x 98,08
kg/kmol)
= 1605,936 kg
Arus 16
Massa O2 = 101,294 kg
 Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg
Massa SO2 = 5,994 kg
Massa SO3 = 0,001 kmol x 80,065 kg/kmol
= 0,085 kg

Komponen Input (kg/jam) Output (kg/jam)

Aliran 4 Aliran 15 Aliran 15 Aliran 16
O2 101,294 101,294
N2 5258,618 5258,618
SO2 5,994 5,994
SO3 84,807 0,085
H2O 22,875 3,813
H2SO4 1502,151 1605,936
Total 5450,713 1525,026 1609,748 5365,991
6975,740 6975,740

7. Final tower pump tank

Arus 17

Final tower pump

Arus 15
tank

Arus 23

15 + 17 = 23
Arus 15
Massa H2O = 3,813 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 1605,936 kg
 Arus 23
(1−0,985)
H2O =( ) x 1605,936 kg
0,985

= 24,456 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 1605,936 kg

Arus 17
Massa H2O = 24,456 kg – 3,813 kg
= 20,643 kg

input (kg/h) output (kg/h)

komponen
arus 15 arus 17 arus 23
H2O 3,813 20,643 24,456
H2SO4 1605,936 0,000 1605,936
total 1630,392 1630,392

8. Drying Tower
Arus 21

Arus 22 Arus 3
Drying tower

Arus 20

Udara = massa O2 + massa N2

= 1595,757 kg + 5258,618 kg
= 6855,375 kg
Humidity = 30ºC
Maximum humidity = 0,027125 kg air/kg udara
H2O = 6855,375 kg x 0,027125 kg air/kg udara
= 185,952 kg
Udara basah (wet air) = 6855,375 + 185,925 kg
= 7041,327 kg

H2SO4 kering = (1605,936 kg : 1609,748 kg ) x 100%

= 99,8%
Desain keluar H2SO4 = 98,5%

H2O (100 % - 99,8%) a + 185,952 kg = (100% - 98,5%)b

H2SO4 99,8% a - 98,5% b =0
Maka,
a (arus 21) = - 185,952/(0,2% - 1,5% x (99,8%/98,5%))
= 14500,389 kg
b (arus 22) = 14500,389 x 99,8% / 98,5%
= 14686,341 kg

22 + 20 = 3 + 21
Arus 22
Massa H2O = 185,952 kg
Massa O2 = 1596,757 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg

Arus 20
Massa H2SO4 = 99,8% x 14500,389 kg
= 14466,046 kg
(100% −99,8%)
Massa H2O =( ) x 14466,046 kg
99,8%

= 34,343 kg
 Arus 3
Massa O2 = 1596,757 kg
Massa N2 = 5258,618 kg

Arus 21
Massa H2SO4 = 14466,046 kg
(100% −98,5%)
Massa H2O =( ) x 14466,046 kg
98,5%

= 220,295 kg

input (kg/h) output (kg/h)

Komponen
Arus 22 Arus 20 arus 3 Arus 21
H2O 185,952 34,343 0,000 220,295
O2 1596,757 0,000 1596,757 0,000
N2 5258,618 0,000 5258,618 0,000
SO2 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
SO3 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
H2SO4 0,000 14466,046 0,000 14466,046
sub total 7041,327 14500,389 6855,375 14686,341
total 21541,716 21541,716

9. Divider 1
Arus 12
Arus 19
Divider 1

Arus 20

19 = 12 + 20
Arus 19
Massa H2O = 683,615 kg
 Massa H2SO4 = 57101,585 kg

Arus 12
Massa H2O = 649,272 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 42635,539 kg

Arus 20
Massa H2O = 683,615 kg - 649,272 kg
= 34,343 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 57101,585 kg - 42635,539 kg
` = 14500,389 kg

input (kg/h) output (kg/h)

component
stream 19 stream 12 stream 20
H2O 683,615 649,272 34,343
H2SO4 57101,585 42635,539 14466,046
sub total 57785,200 43284,812 14500,389
Total 57785,200 57785,200

10. Divider 2

Arus 23 Divider 2 Arus 24

Arus 14

23 = 14 + 24
Arus 23
Massa H2O = 24,456 kg
 Massa H2SO4 = 1605,936 kg

Arus 14
Massa H2O = 22,875 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 1502,151 kg

Arus 24
Massa H2O = 24,456 kg - 22,875 kg
= 1,580 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 1605,936 kg - 1502,151 kg
` = 103,785 kg

input (kg/h) output (kg/h)

component
stream 23 stream 14 stream 24
H2O 24,456 22,875 1,580
H2SO4 1605,936 1502,151 103,785
sub total 1630,392 1525,026 105,365
Total 1630,392 1630,392

11. Divider 3

Arus 18 Divider 3 Arus 26

Arus 19

18 = 19 + 26
Arus 18
Massa H2O = 916,006 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 60151,092 kg
 Arus 19
Massa H2O = 683,615 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 57101,585 kg

Arus 20
Massa H2O = 34,343 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 14466,046 kg

Arus 19
Massa H2O = 916,006 kg - 683,615 kg
= 232,391 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 60151,092 kg - 57101,585
` = 3049,507 kg

input (kg/h) output (kg/h)

Component
stream 18 stream 19 stream 26
H2O 916,006 683,615 232,391
H2SO4 60151,092 57101,585 3049,507
sub total 61067,098 57785,200 3281,898
Total 61067,098 61067,098

12. Interpass absorber

arus 21 arus 25

arus 13
Interpass tower
arus 24
pump tank

arus 18
 13 + 24 + 21 + 25 = 18
Arus 13
Massa H2O = 108,212 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 45581,261 kg

Arus 21
Massa H2O = 220,295 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 14466,046 kg

Arus 18
Massa H2O = 916,006 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 60151,092 kg

Arus 24
Massa H2O = 1,580 kg
Massa H2SO4 = 103,785 kg

Arus 25
Massa H2O = 916,006 kg - 220,295 kg - 108,212 kg -
1,580 kg
= 585,919 kg

input (kg/h) output (kg/h)

component
stream 13 stream 21 stream 24 stream 25 stream 18
H2O 108,212 220,295 1,580 585,919 916,006
H2SO4 45581,261 14466,046 103,785 0,000 60151,092
sub total 45689,473 14686,341 105,365 585,919 61067,098
total 61067,098 61067,098
 input (kg/h) output (kg/h)
component
stream 2 stream 17 stream 22 stream 25 stream 5 stream 16 stream 26
S 1000,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
H2O 0,000 20,643 185,952 585,919 0,000 0,000 232,391
Ash 1,508 0,000 0,000 0,000 1,508 0,000 0,000
O2 0,000 0,000 1596,757 0,000 0,000 101,294 0,000
N2 0,000 0,000 5258,618 0,000 0,000 5258,618 0,000
SO2 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 5,994 0,000
SO3 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,085 0,000
H2SO4 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 3049,507
sub total 1001,508 20,643 7041,327 585,919 1,508 5365,991 3281,898
Total 8649,397 8649,397