Licensed Copy: Sunderland M8340 ATHENS, University of Sunderland, 11/02/2009 15:25, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

BRITISH STANDARD |
| BS 131-6:1998
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Notched bar tests Ð |
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Part 6: Method for precision |
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determination of Charpy V-notch |
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impact energies for metals |
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ICS 77.040.10 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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Licensed Copy: Sunderland M8340 ATHENS, University of Sunderland, 11/02/2009 15:25, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
BS 131-6:1998

Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee
ISE/NFE/4, Mechanical testing of metals, to Subcommittee ISE/NFE/4/4, Toughness
testing, upon which the following bodies were represented:

AEA Technology
BEAMA Ltd.
Electricity Association
GAMBICA (BEAMA Limited)
Institute of Materials
Lloyd's Register of Shipping
Ministry of Defence
National Physical Laboratory
Railtrack
Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited
UK Steel Association
United Kingdom Accreditation Service
Welding Institute
Coopted members

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Engineering
Sector Committee, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Committee and comes
into effect on
15 December 1998

 BSI 1998
Amendments issued since publication
First published February 1990
Second edition December 1998 Amd. No. Date Text affected

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference ISE/NFE/4/4
Draft for comment 97/700423 DC

ISBN 0 580 28213 9

Licensed Copy: Sunderland M8340 ATHENS, University of Sunderland, 11/02/2009 15:25, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
BS 131-6:1998

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Definitions 1
4 Principle 1
5 Testing machine 1
6 Test piece preparation 1
7 Calibration 5
8 Test procedure 5
9 Test report 6
Annex A (informative) Measurement of lateral expansion by means of a gauge 8
Bibliography 8
Figure 1 Ð Features of Charpy test piece 2
Figure 2 Ð Types of hammer 3
Figure 3 Ð Comparison between 8 mm and 2 mm striker designs 3
Figure 4 Ð Location of areas of test piece for identification markings 4
Figure 5 Ð Broken halves of the Charpy test piece positioned to illustrate the
lateral expansion 7
Figure A.1 Ð Typical lateral expansion gauge 9
Table 1 Ð Dimensions, tolerances and surface finish of test pieces 4

 BSI 1998 i
Licensed Copy: Sunderland M8340 ATHENS, University of Sunderland, 11/02/2009 15:25, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
BS 131-6:1998

Foreword

This part of BS 131 has been prepared by Subcommittee ISE/NFE/4/4. It supersedes

BS 131-6:1989 which is withdrawn.
It is intended that this part of this British Standard should be used in conjunction with
BS 131-7, Notched bar tests Ð Part 7: Specification for verification of the test machine
used for precision determination of Charpy V-notch impact energies for metals.
Results from the calibration,which are recorded on the certificate of calibration, are
needed for the determination, using this part of BS 131.
BS 131-6 and BS 131-7 are designed to satisfy the demand from sectors of British
industry for a more stringent standard of Charpy testing appropriate to the needs of
specific applications where a more precise measure of Charpy impact energy is
required.
This part defines a method of precision Charpy impact testing.
The requirements of quality control impact testing will continue to be met by
BS EN 10045-1 and BS EN 10045-2, or BS 131-1, BS 131-4 and BS 131-5 unless BS 131-6
and BS 131-7 are specified in the product standard.
It should be noted that no trustworthy relationship between the energies absorbed in
breaking test pieces of different dimensions has been found, and comparison of results
is only valid when considering test pieces of identical form and dimensions.
It has been assumed in the drafting of this standard that the execution of its provisions
is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people.
WARNING. It is important to note that tests of the type described involve the use of
rapidly moving test pieces and machine parts. Therefore it is important to consider the
safety of machine operators.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1
to 9 and a back cover.

ii  BSI 1998
Licensed Copy: Sunderland M8340 ATHENS, University of Sunderland, 11/02/2009 15:25, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Method
1 Scope
This part of BS 131 describes a method for carrying
out a precision Charpy V-notch impact test.
2 Normative references
The following normative document contains
provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this part of this British
Standard. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. For undated references,
the latest edition of the publication referred to
applies.
BS 131-7, Notched bar tests Ð Part 7: Specification
for verification of the test machine used for
precision determination of Charpy V-notch impact
energies for metals.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of BS 131 the following
definitions apply.
3.1
compensated machine
machine in which correction for the loss in energy of
the pendulum due to windage and friction has been
made such that on a free half-cycle of swing of the
pendulum from the release position the indicated
absorbed energy is zero
3.2
non-compensated machine
machine in which no correction for loss of energy
due to windage and friction has been made
NOTE With a machine of this type the indicated absorbed energy
on a free half-cycle of swing of the pendulum will have a small
positive value.
3.3
test piece terminology
(see Figure 1)
3.3.1
width
minor dimension in the horizontal plane when placed
in the test position, i.e. the distance between the
notched face and the opposite unnotched face
3.3.2
height
vertical dimension of the test piece when placed in
the test position, i.e. the distance across the notched
face
3.3.3
length
major dimension in the horizontal plane when placed
in the test position
 BSI 1998
BS 131-6:1998
3.4
C-type pendulum
pendulum in which any portion of the hammer or
weighted mass at the lower end of the pendulum and
distance greater than Ls 2 15 mm from the spindle
axis passes between the anvils of the impact test
machine (see Figure 2)
NOTE Ls is the length of pendulum from centre of strike of
pendulum to axis of rotation.
3.5
U-type pendulum
pendulum in which the part of the necessary
weighted mass at the lower end is designed to pass
below and on either side of the test piece anvils of
the impact test machine (see Figure 2)
4 Principle
A standard notched test piece is fractured with one
blow of a swinging pendulum with known energy.
The energy absorbed in fracturing the test piece is
measured. This represents the Charpy impact energy
of the material.
NOTE The increase in the specimen thickness may be measured.
This is designated the lateral expansion of the specimen.
5 Testing machine
5.1 Calibration
The machine shall conform to the requirements of
BS 131-7.
5.2 Choice of striker
The machine shall be equipped with a striker of
either the 2 mm tip radius or the 8 mm tip radius
design (see Figure 3).
The striker to be used shall be as specified in the
product standard or agreed and documented at time
of order.
NOTE Results obtained using the different strikers are known to
differ and the relationship is both material and energy dependent.
6 Test piece preparation
6.1 The test piece shall be machined such that the
metallurgical condition of the material is not
affected. At the mid-length position on one face, the
test piece shall be notched, the notch having a ªVº
configuration. The dimensional and surface finish
requirements for the test piece shall be as given in
Table 1.
NOTE When test pieces are to be heat treated it is recommended
that finish machining be carried out after the final heat treatment.
6.2 Identification marks shall be placed outside any
area of the test piece that contacts the striking edge,
anvils or test piece supports, or which is
within 5 mm of the notch (see Figure 4).
1
Licensed Copy: Sunderland M8340 ATHENS, University of Sunderland, 11/02/2009 15:25, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
BS 131-6:1998

H = height of test piece

W = width of test piece
L = length of test piece
A = angle of notch
R = root radius of notch
D = depth below notch
a = angle between plane of symmetry of notch and longitudinal axis of test piece
b = angle between plane of symmetry of notch and face in which notch is cut
Figure 1 Ð Features of Charpy test piece

2  BSI 1998
Licensed Copy: Sunderland M8340 ATHENS, University of Sunderland, 11/02/2009 15:25, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
BS 131-6:1998

C-type U-type
Figure 2 Ð Types of hammer

30° 30°

R8 R 2 to 2.5

R 0.25
4.0 ± 0.1 4.5

8 mm striker 2 mm striker
ASTM E23
All dimensions are in millimetres
Figure 3 Ð Comparison between 8 mm and 2 mm striker designs

 BSI 1998 3
Licensed Copy: Sunderland M8340 ATHENS, University of Sunderland, 11/02/2009 15:25, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
BS 131-6:1998

All dimensions in millimetres.

NOTE Only the hatched areas and the two ends may be marked.
Figure 4 Ð Location of areas of test piece for identification markings

Table 1 Ð Dimensions, tolerances and surface finish of test pieces

Symbol Dimensions Nominal value Tolerance
(see Figure 1)
Linear dimensions
mm mm
D Depth below notch 8 ± 0.025
H Height
± full size test piece 10 ± 0.075
± subsidiary test pieces 7.5 ± 0.075
5.0 ± 0.050
2.5 ± 0.025
L Length 55 0
21.0
R Radius of curvature of root of V-notch 0.25 ± 0.025
W Width 10 ± 0.075
Ð Distance of notch from end of test piece 27.5 ± 0.40
Ð Parallel side, i.e. taper of test piece Ð 0.075
Angular dimensions
8 (degrees) 8 (degrees)
A Angle of V-notch 45 ±1
a Angle between plane of symmetry of notch and longitudinal 90 ±2
axis of test piece
b Angle between plane of symmetry of notch and face in 90 ±2
which notch is cut
Ð Angle between adjacent sides of test piece 90 ± 08 109
Surface finish
mm
Ð Notched and opposite faces better than 2
Ð Other two faces better than 4

4  BSI 1998
Licensed Copy: Sunderland M8340 ATHENS, University of Sunderland, 11/02/2009 15:25, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
7 Calibration
7.1 General
Prior to any testing, confirm that the machine has
been calibrated in accordance with the requirements
of BS 131-7 within the previous 12 months.
The calibration of measuring apparatus shall be
traceable to the National Physical Laboratory either
directly or indirectly through a hierarchical chain
such as that provided by the United Kingdom
Accreditation Service (UKAS) in accordance with the
accuracy demanded by the test.
7.2 Daily checks by the user
Immediately prior to use, or daily for a machine in
regular use, check the machine in accordance with
the requirements of BS 131-7 for the following.
a) Windage and friction losses. Without a test
piece in position, operate the machine normally
and record the absorbed energy value Av1 for
subsequent use (see 8.2.4). If this exceeds 0.4 % of
the initial potential energy, the current calibration
certificate is voided and the machine shall not be
used for testing to this standard.
NOTE If subsequent test results are to be compensated for
friction and windage losses, Afw should be determined using the
method described in BS 131-7.
b) Distance between the supports. Check that the
distance between the supports is 40+0.05
0 mm.
c) Position of striking edge. The centre of the
striking edge shall be within 0.25 mm of the centre
of the gap between the test piece supports.
d) Soundness of contacting surfaces. All test piece
contacting surfaces and edges shall be visually
examined for defects. An examination shall always
be carried out in the event of the pendulum being
stopped by a test piece during a test.
NOTE The object is to exclude superficial damage which
increases the frictional resistance of the test piece as it passes
through the anvil gap during fracture. It is essential that such
damage is rectified so that the dimensional requirements of the
anvils are met prior to the recommencement of testing.
e) If the machine is fitted with a C-type pendulum,
check that any endstops used to position
specimens on the supports can be withdrawn
immediately before a test to leave at least 13 mm
clear space beyond both ends of the longest
dimension of the test piece.
f) If the machine is fitted with a U-type pendulum
that leaves less than 13 mm clear space between
the free ends of the specimen and the sides of the
pendulum, check that protective shrouds are
placed on the anvils to prevent the specimen
contacting the pendulum after impact. These
shrouds shall be approximately 1.5 mm thick, with
a 1.5 mm radius on the underside, a clearance of
less than 1.5 mm top and side to the pendulum
overhang and a minimum hardness of 45 HRC.
 BSI 1998
BS 131-6:1998
8 Test procedure
8.1 Control of temperature
8.1.1 At all temperatures, the temperature of the
test specimen shall be controlled to ±1 8C.
NOTE At any test temperature either cooling or heating may be
required.
8.1.2 The cooling or heating system shall be
designed to ensure that all test pieces immersed in
the cooling or heating medium attain the medium
temperature throughout the whole of their section.
In all cases the temperature of the test piece shall
not deviate from the specified testing temperature by
more than ±1 8C.
Ensure that those portions of any appliance which
come into contact with the test piece during transfer
to the testing machine are at the same temperature
as the test piece.
Break the test piece within 5 s from the time of
removal from the medium.
8.2 Test
8.2.1 Wipe the anvil clean and dry.
8.2.2 Set the pendulum and energy indicator to the
starting position.
Place the test piece on the supports with the
notched face in contact with both anvils and in such
a position that the plane of symmetry of the notch is
within 0.10 mm of the centre of the gap between the
anvils.
NOTE It is recommended that self-centring tongs or spatulae be
used to locate the test piece correctly in the machine.
8.2.3 Check that endstops are removed [see 7.2e)]
or that shrouds are in place [see 7.2f)].
8.2.4 Release the pendulum without shock and note
the absorbed energy reading immediately the
indicator point comes to rest and before relocating
the pendulum for subsequent testing, in order to
avoid spurious readings due to jarring of the
indicator pointer.
8.2.5 On compensated machines record the
indicated reading as the absorbed energy value.
On non-compensated machines deduct the the slave
pointer friction (Asp) and windage losses (Afw), as
given on the calibration certificate, from each
indicated test reading obtained, and record the
corrected result as the absorbed energy value.
8.2.6 NOTE The test piece might be not completely broken by
the impact and this could be significant.
If the test piece has passed through the anvils
without separation, record this fact. If the test piece
absorbs the full energy of the blow without passing
through the anvils, the result is indeterminable.
Record that the impact value for the specimen
exceeds the maximum energy rating of the machine
or the test range used.
8.2.7 Absorbed energy values above 80 % of the
range in use shall be reported as approximate.
5
Licensed Copy: Sunderland M8340 ATHENS, University of Sunderland, 11/02/2009 15:25, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
BS 131-6:1998
8.3 Lateral expansion
After fracture the test piece is distorted. This
distortion manifests itself as an increase in the
height of the test piece at the position of impact by
the striker. The method for measuring lateral
expansion takes into account the fact that the
fracture path seldom bisects the point of maximum
expansion on both sides of the test piece.
Measure the amount of expansion on both sides of
each half of the fractured test piece relative to the
plane defined by the undeformed portion of the test
piece width (see Figure 5).
The lateral expansion is equal to the sum of the
largest of the two values obtained for each side.
NOTE A suitable method which may be used to measure lateral
expansion is described in annex A.
6  BSI 1998
9 Test report
The following shall be reported:
a) a reference to this method of test,
i.e. BS 131-6:1998;
b) the temperature of test;
c) any pertinent data to provide information for
identification, location and orientation of the test
piece and direction of the notch related to the
component or material source;
d) the test piece size;
e) the energy absorbed in joules, or that the
energy exceeded the capacity of the machine;
f) the type of Charpy striker used (2 mm or 8 mm)
and the serial number of the relevant calibration
certificate in accordance with BS 131-7;
g) the nominal potential energy of the pendulum
hammer.
Licensed Copy: Sunderland M8340 ATHENS, University of Sunderland, 11/02/2009 15:25, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
BS 131-6:1998

Lateral expansion = A 2 H
Figure 5 Ð Broken halves of the Charpy test piece positioned to
illustrate the lateral expansion

 BSI 1998 7
Licensed Copy: Sunderland M8340 ATHENS, University of Sunderland, 11/02/2009 15:25, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
BS 131-6:1998
Annex A (informative)
Measurement of lateral expansion by
means of a gauge
NOTE Lateral expansion may be measured using a gauge similar
to that shown in Figure A.1.
Remove any burrs from the test piece sides without
rubbing the protrusions to be measured. Place the test
piece halves together so that the impacted sides are
facing each other. Press one half firmly against the
reference supports, with the protrusion to be measured
against the gauge probe. Note the change in dial
reading and then repeat this procedure with the other
broken half ensuring that the same side of the test
piece is measured. The largest measurement indicates
the expansion for that side of the test piece.
Repeat this procedure on the opposite side of the test
piece and obtain the expansion measurements for the
second side. Add the two expansion measurements
together to obtain the lateral expansion of the test
piece.
1) Referred to in the foreword only.
8  BSI 1998
Bibliography
Standards publications
BS 131-1:1961, Notched bar tests Ð Part 1: The Izod
impact test on metals.1)
BS 131-4:1972, Notched bar tests Ð Part 4: Calibration
of pendulum impact testing machines for metals.1)
BS 131-5:1965, Notched bar tests Ð
Part 5: Determination of crystallinity.1)
BS EN 10045-1:1990, Charpy impact test on metallic
materials Ð Part 1: Test method (V- and U-notches).1)
BS EN 10045-2:1993, Charpy impact test on metallic
materials Ð Part 2: Method for the verification of
impact testing machines.1)
ASTM E23:1993, Standard test methods for notched bar
impact testing of metallic materials.
Licensed Copy: Sunderland M8340 ATHENS, University of Sunderland, 11/02/2009 15:25, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
 BSI 1998

All dimensions in millimetres

BS 131-6:1998
Figure A.1 Ð Typical lateral expansion gauge
9
Licensed Copy: Sunderland M8340 ATHENS, University of Sunderland, 11/02/2009 15:25, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
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