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structural steels
Quenched and tempered Optim™ 700 QL/QL1 structural steels improve the performance, durability and safety of vehicles,
lifting equipment and steel structures. They are easy to weld, bend and cut. With Optim 700 QL/QL1 steels structures can
be made lighter increasing payload and energy efficiency. These extra highstrength, quenched and tempered (Q), low
temperature tough (L) structural steels meet the EN 100256 requirements. Optim 700 QL corresponds to S690QL grade
and Optim 700 QL1 corresponds to S690QL1 grade. Typical applications are demanding loadbearing structures.
S960QL grade plates now also available from Ruukki. For more information, please contact your local Ruukki
representative.
Applications:
• Machine building
• Steel constructions
• Framework structures
• Lifting and mobile equipment
• Vehicles and transport equipment
The information on our web site is accurate to the best of our knowledge and understanding. Although every effort has been made to ensure
accuracy, the company cannot accept any responsibility for any direct or indirect damages resulting from possible errors or incorrect
application of the information of this publication. We reserve the right to make changes.
Copyright © 2014 Rautaruukki Corporation. All rights reserved.
Document printed on 28.10.2014 www.ruukki.com
Optim QL/QL1 quenched and tempered structural
steels
Dimensions
The steel is delivered as heavy plates.
Heavy plates
1) Optim 700 QL2) Optim 700 QL1
Plates longer than 12.5m (12m) can be delivered by separate agreement.
Tolerances
Tolerances on dimensions and shapes:
• Heavy plates, EN 10029.
• Thickness tolerances EN 10029 Class A.
• Flatness EN 10029 Class N, steel type H.
Smaller tolerances can be agreed upon at the time of order.
Surface quality
Suface quality: EN101632 Class A 3.
Plates can be delivered in asrolled or shopprimed condition.
Properties
Materials testing
Materials testing and sampling are carried out in compliance with EN 100256.
Mechanical properties
Optim 700 QL and Optim 700 QL1. Transverse tensile test.
Optim 700 QL and Optim 700 QL1. Impact strength test on longitudinal Charpy V specimens 1).
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Optim QL/QL1 quenched and tempered structural
steels
1) If agreed at the time of order, ChV 27J transverse minimum (according to EN 100256 option 30).
Chemical composition
Optim 700 QL and Optim 700 QL1. Chemical composition, content % (ladle analysis), maximum. The steel is grain
refined
Carbon equivalent values (CEV)
CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15
Optim 700 QL and Optim 700 QL1. CEV
Prefabrication services
A wide variety of prefabrication choices is available for heavy plates, such as cut shapes, bent plates and precision cut
plates with edge bevels.
Wide flats
Wide flats from plate are ready for assembly and dimensionally accurate. They speed up the manufacture of steel structures
and assembly, and avoid wasting material. Thanks to the extensive range available, steel grades best suited for the
application in question can be used.
Bevelling
Precision cut plates with a bevelled edge are components that can be delivered directly to the installation site, which saves
time and reduces transport and storage costs. The dimensionally accurate groove ensures uninterrupted automated welding
and fitting.
Bent plate products
Bent plate products are components that are ready to be delivered to the installation site, which is beneficial in terms of
schedule as well as transport and storing costs. If needed, the products can also be ordered as shopprimed, furnished with
welding bevels, and cut to shape. Premarked matchmarks facilitate installation.
Processing instructions
Optim 700 QL steel grade is designed to facilitate all the workshop processes, such as cutting, bending, welding and
machining. Due to its high yield strength, the quenched and tempered steel requires special care during plate processing. In
general, the processing technique of the customer has a crucial role in achieving good performance for the products
manufactured of quenched and tempered steels. For example, it is recommended to bring plates stored in cold place
indoors 24h prior to processing.
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Optim QL/QL1 quenched and tempered structural
steels
Bending
Optim 700 QL and Optim 700 QL1. Minimum permissible bend radius, bend angle 90°
Thickness (t) mm Minimum permissible inside bend radius R
≤ 20 2.5 x t
No limitations on bending direction.
Welding
The weldability is good, and all common manual and automatic welding processes can be used. Welding has to be carried
out in accordance with EN 100256 and EN 10112 (Welding. Recommendations for welding of metallic materials. Part 2:
Arc welding of ferritic steels). The best result is obtained using low hydrogen welding methods and consumables (weld
metal hydrogen content HD is a maximum of 5 ml/100g). The surfaces to be welded must be dry and clean to eliminate
remnants of rust, flaking, grease, or paint, as well as rough edges from flame cutting.
Download information about welding.
Working temperature
Recommendations for preheating and minimum working temperature are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Optim 700 QL and Optim 700 QL1. Preheating and minimum working temperature recommendations (°C). Valid
for welding consumables ≤H5. It is recommended to follow the instructions given in EN 10112.
Preheating is especially important when welding with low heat input, such as in tack welding or welding root passes.
Heat input and cooling time t8/5
For welding of Optim 700 QL the cooling time recommendation between 800℃ and 500℃ (t8/5) is = 5 to 20 seconds.
Correspondingly, for Optim 700 QL1 t8/5 is = 5 to 13 seconds. Recommendations for heat input based on the t8/5 times are
shown in Figures 2 and 3. In the figures, the "Qmax1" lines describe the heat input maximum for Optim 700 QL.
Correspondingly, the "Qmax2" lines describe the heat input maximum for Optim 700 QL1. In all four welding cases below,
the "Qmin" lines show the minimum recommended heat input values that are common for both Optim 700 QL and for Optim
700QL1.
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Optim QL/QL1 quenched and tempered structural
steels
Figure 2. Optim 700 QL and Optim 700 QL1. Butt welds. General heat input (Q) recommendations. Valid with matching or
undermatching consumables with hydrogen content of ≤H5.
Figure 3. Optim 700 QL and Optim 700 QL1. Fillet weld in T joints. General heat input (Q) recommendations. Valid with
matching or undermatching consumables with hydrogen content of ≤H5.
Four notes regarding heat input in Figures 2 and 3:
Moreover, the heat input limit Q min – Q max2 is recommended for Optim 700 QL when the application requires optimized
weld joint strength and toughness.
NOTE 3) In multirun welding, using the recommended heat put of figures 2 and 3, the maximum interpass temperature is
as follows:
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Optim QL/QL1 quenched and tempered structural
steels
• +100°C, thickness 6 mm ≤ t ≤ 12 mm
• +125°C, thickness 12 mm < t ≤ 20 mm
• +175°C, thickness 20 mm < t ≤ 25 mm
• +225°C, thickness 25 mm < t ≤ 60 mm.
NOTE 4) In case when higher interpass temperature than above is needed, the maximum allowable heat input is lower than
that in figures 2 and 3. The maximum allowable heat input is casespecific, and a welding procedure test is recommended
to be carried out in order to define it. However, the interpass temperature should not be higher than +300°C.
Welding consumables
To eliminate the risk of cold cracking, the hydrogen content of the weld joint must be kept as low as possible. This means
that lowhydrogen welding consumables (HD ≤ 5 ml/100g) are recommended. The consumables have to be protected
against any absorption of moisture during transport, storage and use. If necessary, the consumables (welding fluxes, basic
covered electrodes) have to be redried according to the manufacturer’s instructions immediately before welding.
The consumables shown in the table below are matching. Matching consumables provide structures that lead to the same
strength level as in the base material.
Consumables for welding of Optim 700 QL/QL1
Consumables for welding of Optim 700 QL/QL1. Lowtemperature (60°C)
MIG/MAG, Solid wire: NiCrMo 2,5IG, Union NiMoCr
MMA, Electrode: FOX EV 85
SAW, Wire + Flux: 3 NiCrMo 2,5UP + BB 24, Union S 3 NiMoCr + UV 421 TT
The selection tables above are not exclusive and should not be taken as any deprecation of the suitability of other
corresponding consumables. Corresponding consumables from other suppliers/manufacturers are equally applicable. The
validity of any recommendations should be verified with the manufacturer before welding.
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Optim QL/QL1 quenched and tempered structural
steels
Undermatching consumables (softer than the base material) may be used in certain applications. These lower alloyed
consumables are suitable for joints subjected to lower loads. Particularly root passes and singlepass fillet welds undergo
an alloying through dilution with the parent steel. For these welds lower alloyed consumables are more often used than for
the filling and capping passes. The benefit of the lower alloyed consumables is that the ductility of the weld metal is better
than that of the higher strength consumables.
Thermal cutting
The Optim 700 QL and Optim 700 QL1 steel grades are designed to facilitate all thermal cutting processes, including flame,
plasma and laser cutting. Under normal conditions thermal cutting can be carried out without any difference compared to
cutting of low alloyed structural steels. Anyway, experience has shown that a slight preheating may be beneficial for flame
cutting in workshop circumstances: +50°C for plate thicknesses 20 to 50 mm and +100°C for thicknesses 50 to 60 mm.
Heat treatment
Heat treatment is mainly used in order to reduce residual stresses after welding and other workshop fabrication. Heat
treatment is not normally used nor recommended for quenched and tempered highstrength steels. Optim QL/QL1
steels can be heat treated when this is specified in the design instructions of the steel construction. The general
recommended procedure for stressrelieving is as follows:
• Holding temperature +550 to +580°C
• Heating and cooling rate maximum 100°C/h
• Holding time 2 min/mm of single plate thickness, minimum 30 minutes.
Please note, that the strength and toughness properties in the welded joints as well as in the parent metal may be reduced
due to heat treatment. The exact changes of mechanical properties depend on how the heat treatment process is carried
out.
Hot working
The steel’s mechanical properties are achieved by a quenching and tempering process. Optim QL/QL1 steel grades are not
suited for applications requiring hot working at temperatures above +550°C since the material may lose its guaranteed
mechanical properties.
Flame straightening
Flame straightening should be carried out under consideration of the mechanical properties of the steel. The hot spot
temperature must not exceed +550°C, as this could lead to local softening and strength reduction. Particular care must be
taken if the structure is subject to dynamic loads and thus fatigue damage.
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Optim QL/QL1 quenched and tempered structural
steels
Safety instructions
Highstrength quenched and tempered steels must be processed with special care in the engineering workshop. Steel
supplier instructions and good engineering workshop practices form an essential part of work quality and safety. Appropriate
health and safety precautions must be taken when welding, cutting, grinding or otherwise working highstrength Optim QL/
QL1 steels. New employees must receive proper induction to their duties.
The content of this document has been created from web page last updated 31 Aug 2014
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