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C 1 Nonproprietary Names
BP: Powdered Cellulose
Powdered cellulose has been investigated as an alternative to
microcrystalline cellulose as an agent to assist the manufacture of
pellets by extrusion/spheronization.(2,3) However, powdered cellu-
JP: Powdered Cellulose lose alone requires too much water and due to water movement
PhEur: Cellulose, Powdered during extrusion cannot be used as an extrusion/spheronization aid
USP-NF: Powdered Cellulose on its own.(4)
Powdered cellulose is also used widely in cosmetics and food
2 Synonyms products as an adsorbent and thickening agent.
Alpha-cellulose; Arbocel; cellulosi pulvis; E460; Elcema; KC Flock;
Table I: Uses of powdered cellulose.
Microcel 3E-150; Sanacel; Sanacel Pharma; Sancel-W; Solka-Floc.
Use Concentration (%)
3 Chemical Name and CAS Registry Number
Capsule filler 5–30
Cellulose [9004-34-6] Tablet binder 5–40 (wet granulation)
10–30 (dry granulation)
4 Empirical Formula and Molecular Weight Tablet disintegrant 5–20
Tablet glidant 1–2
(C6H10O5)n 243 000 where n 500.
Since cellulose is derived from a natural polymer, it has variable
chain length and thus variable molecular weight. See also Sections 8
and 13. 8 Description
Powdered cellulose occurs as a white or almost white, odorless and
5 Structural Formula tasteless powder of various particle sizes, ranging from a free-
flowing fine or granular dense powder, to a coarse, fluffy,
nonflowing material.
9 Pharmacopeial Specifications
See Table II. See also Section 18.
1 36
Cellulose, Powdered 13 7
log(1/R)
1481
1428 1590
1707
2106
C
12 2335
1921 2485
8 2273
−5.0 −0.2
1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500
Wavelength/nm
4
12 Incompatibilities
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, bromine pentafluoride,
4 sodium nitrite and fluorine.(6)
13 Method of Manufacture
0 Powdered cellulose is manufactured by the purification and
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 mechanical size reduction of a-cellulose obtained as a pulp from
Relative humidity (%) fibrous plant materials.