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1. The English colonists created local governments based on the ones they knew in England.
2. Many of the offices and units of government they established are still with us today:
i. The offices of Sheriff, the Coroner, the Assessor, the Justice of
Peace, the grand jury, counties, townships, and etc.




 


1. The colonists brought the idea that government is not all-powerful and it is restricted in what it may do.
i. Each individual has certain rights that the government can¶t take away.







 


1. This is the idea that the Government should serve the will of the people.
i. With it had come a growing insistence that the people should have a voice in deciding what the
government should do.
2. The idea of government for the people flourished in America
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1. It included rights such as:
i. Trial by jury
ii. Due process of law
2. These are the protections against the arbitrary taking of life liberty and property.
i. They were initially intended for the privileged classes
ii. The power of the monarchy isn¶t absolute








1. This petition was created to limit the king¶s power
i. The king could no longer imprison people but by the law of the country.
ii. King could not impose martial law in time of peace
iii. He also cannot quarter solders without homeowners consent
2. This challenged the idea of the divine right of a king








1. It was created to prevent abuse of power Parliament made a list of provisions for William and Mary during
the Glorious Revolution to follow and agree to.
It included such guarantees as:
i. Right to a fair trial
ii. Freedom from excessive bail and protected from cruel and unusual punishment
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1. Royal colonies were subject to direct control of the crown.
2. The king named a governor to serve as the colony¶s chief executive.
i. He also named a council, advisory to the governor.
ii. The council became the upper house of legislature.
3. The lower house of a bicameral legislature was elected by property owners that were qualified to vote.
4. The laws passed would be approved by the governor and the crown




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1. There were three proprietary colonies in 1775:
i. Maryland
ii. Pennsylvania
iii. Delaware
2. The proprietary colonies were organized by a proprietor that the king had made a grand of land
i. The governments were like the royal colonies
ii. The governor was appointed by the proprietor
3. Legislatures were bicameral in 2/3 proprietary colonies
4. Unicameral is known as a one house body (Pennsylvania)
i. The council didn¶t act as one house of the legislature





 




1. These colonies were self-governing
2. The governors were elected by the white make property owners in the charter colonies.
i. The king¶s approval was required
3. Bicameral legislatures weren¶t subject to the governor¶s veto and the crowns approval wasn¶t needed.
4. Judges appointed by legislature

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1. Separately controlled the 13 colonies along with the king.
2. The colonies developed within the framework of control that the first settlement at Jamestown had.
3. ³Let us keep the dogges poore, and we¶ll make them do as we please.´
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1. A Confederation
 i. It is a joining of several groups for a common purpose.
ii. In the New England Confederation, the settlements formed a ³league of friendship´ for defense
against the Native Americans.
2. The Confederation lost importance and dissolved in 1684.





1. The British Board of Trade called a meeting of seven northern colonies.
i. Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island.
2. The main purpose of this meeting was to discuss the problems of the colonial trade and the danger of attacks
by the French and their Native American allies.




 



1. Britain's harsh tax and trade policies of the 1760s fanned resentment in the colonies.
2. The law required the use of tax stamps on all legal documents, on certain business agreements, and on all
newspapers.
i. ³Taxation without Representation.´
3. The colonies joined for the first time in opposition to the British.
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1. Intolerable Acts
2. The delegates urged each of the colonies to refuse all trade with England until the hated taxes and trade
regulations were repealed.
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1. Each of the 13 colonies sent representatives to the Congress
2. Newcomers were Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania and John Hancock of Massachusetts.

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1. The Second Continental Congress was the first national government.
i. It served for five fateful years
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1. Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, and Thomas Jefferson.
i. It was largely the work of Thomas Jefferson
2. The thirteen colonies became the first independent states.
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1. Assemblies or conventions were commonly used to draft and then adopt these new documents.
2. The Massachusetts Constitution of 1780 is the oldest of the present-day state constitutions.




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1. Popular Sovereignty - the government can only exist only with the consent of the governed.
2. Limited Government
3. Civil Rights and Liberties
4. Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances