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Mumbai and focuses primarily on domestic routes, along with several international services to
neighbouring countries in Asia. Indian Airlines is state-owned, and is administered by the
Ministry of Civil Aviation. It is one of the two flag carriers of India, the other being Air India.
Though the company that owns and operates the airline continues to be named Indian Airlines
Limited, on 7 December 2005, the airline was rebranded as Indian or इंिडयन for advertising
purposes as a part of a program to revamp its image in preparation for an initial public offering
(IPO).[1] The airline operates closely with Air India, India's national carrier. Alliance Air, a fully-
owned subsidiary of Indian Airlines, was renamed Air India Regional.[2]
In 2007, the Government of India announced that Indian Airlines would be merged into Air
India. As part of the merger process, a new company called the National Aviation Company of
India Limited (NACIL) was established, into which both Air India (along with Air India
Express) and Indian Airlines (along with Alliance Air) will be merged. Once the merger is
complete, the airline - which will be called Air India - will continue to be headquartered in
Mumbai and will have a fleet of over 130 aircraft.
History
The airline is set up under the Air Corporations Act, 1953 with an initial capital of 32 million
and started operations on 1 August 1953. It was established after legislation came into force to
nationalise the entire airline industry in India. Two new national airlines were to be formed along
the same lines as happened in the United Kingdom with British Overseas Airways Corporation
(BOAC) and British European Airways (BEA). Air India took over international routes and
Indian Airlines Corporation (IAC) took over the domestic and regional routes.[citation needed]
Seven former freedom domestic airlines, Deccan Airways, Airways India````I have Photographs
from Airways (India) Ltd where my Father was Chief Engineer from 1946 to 1951 if you would
like copies````, Bharat Airways, Himalayan Aviation, Kalinga Airlines````Kalinga was still
operating in 1967-67 out of one hangar at the North side of Dum Dum Airport, Calcutta with 2 X
DC-3s as a small freight oiutfit````, Indian National Airways and Air Services of India, were
merged to form the new domestic national carrier. Indian Airlines Corporation inherited a fleet
of 99 aircraft including 74 Douglas DC-3 Dakotas, 12 Vickers Vikings, 3 Douglas DC-4s and
various smaller types from the seven airlines that made it up````for example de Havilland Doves
and Herons````.
Vickers Viscounts were introduced in 1957 with Fokker F27 Friendships being delivered from
1961. The 1960s also saw Hawker Siddeley HS 748s, manufactured in India by Hindustan
Aeronautics Limited, join the fleet.
The jet age began for IAC with the introduction of the pure-jet Sud Aviation Caravelle airliner in
1964, followed by Boeing 737-200s in the early 1970s. April 1976 saw the first three Airbus
A300 wide-body jets being introduced. The regional airline, Vayudoot, which had been
established in 1981, was later reintegrated.
Old orange logo of Indian Airlines until the mid-2000s
By 1990, Airbus A320-200s were introduced. The economic liberalisation process initiated by
the Government of India in the early 1990s ended Indian Airlines' dominance of India's domestic
air transport industry. Indian Airlines faced tough competition from Jet Airways, Air Sahara
(now Jet Lite), East-West Airlines, Skyline NEPC, and ModiLuft. As of 2005, Indian Airlines
was the second largest airline in India after Jet Airways while Air Sahara controlled 17% of the
Indian aviation industry.
East-West Airlines, Skyline NEPC and ModiLuft discontinued flight operations but the entry of
several low-cost airlines in India, such as Air Deccan, SpiceJet, IndiGo (Interglobe Enterprise)
and others like Kingfisher Airlines continue to give competition in its market, forcing Indian to
cut down air-fares. However, as of 2006, Indian Airlines was still a profit making airline.
Indian Airlines Limited is wholly owned by the Government of India through a holding company
and has 19,300 employees as of March 2007.[3] Its annual turn-over, together with that of its
subsidiary Alliance Air, is well over 4000 crores (around US$ 1 billion). Together with its
subsidiary, Alliance Air, Indian Airlines carries a total of over 7.5 million passengers annually.
[citation needed]
In December 2007, Air India was invited to join the Star Alliance. Since Indian Airlines is in the
midst of merging with Air India, it too will effectively be a member.
[edit] Destinations
• GMG Airlines
• Gulf Air
• Uzbekistan Airways
[edit] Fleet
Airbus A319-100
Airbus A320-200
Airbus A321-200
Indian Airlines operates an all-Airbus fleet consisting of the Airbus A320 family.
Indian Airlines Fleet
2 120 (14/106)
Airbus A319-100 19 122 (8/114) 5 dry leased
3 144 (0/144)
Total 72
[edit] Livery
The aircraft livery used while the company was called Indian Airlines was one of the longest in
continuous use in the airline industry. Its aircraft were mainly white, with the belly painted in
light metallic grey. Above the windows, "Indian Airlines" was written in English on one side and
Hindi on other. The tail was bright orange, with its logo in white. In most of the aircraft, the logo
was also painted on the engines over its bare metal colour. Also, when the company was under
the title of Indian Airlines, to celebrate its 50th year of service the airline put the slogan "50
years of flying" in gold on many of their aircraft.
After the name change to Indian, the company's aircraft was sporting a new look inspired by the
Sun Temple at Konark in Orissa. The tail of their aircraft had a partial blue wheel since
practically 3/4 of the remainder is cut off. The wheel is over an orange background with the
carrier's name "Indian" written in English on one side of the fuselage, and in Hindi on the other.
On 15 May 2007, the Government of India released the new livery, which was sent to Boeing in
Seattle to repaint all the new fleet coming into the new Air India. Most of the old fleets of Air
India and Indian Airlines have also been painted in the new livery.
The Indian aviation industry is one of the fastest growing aviation industries in the world with
private airlines accounting for more than 75 per cent of the sector of the domestic aviation
market (as of 2006). The industry is growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18
per cent. The country has 454 airports and airstrips, of which 16 are designated as international
airports.
Mr Praful Patel, Union Civil Aviation Minister has stated that the Indian aviation sector will
become one of the top five civil aviation markets in the world over the next five years. Currently,
India ranks ninth in the global civil aviation market.
Passengers carried by domestic airlines from January-June 2010 stood at 25.71 million as against
21.1 million in the corresponding period of 2009—a growth of 22 per cent—according to data
released by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). In terms of market share, private
carrier Jet Airways was the market leader with 26.5 per cent share, followed by Kingfisher
Airlines with 21 per cent, Air India with 16.9 per cent, Indigo with 16.4 per cent, SpiceJet with
13.3 per cent and GoAir with 5.8 per cent during the month of June 2010.
Leading aircraft manufacturers Airbus and Boeing have expressed optimism over the growth of
the civil aviation industry in India. As per Airbus, the country would need 1,032 new aircrafts
worth around US$ 138 billion by 2028. On a similar note, Boeing has also predicted that the
sector would require 1,150 commercial jets worth US$ 135 billion in the next 20 years.
The Hyderabad International Airport has been ranked amongst the world's top five in the annual
Airport Service Quality (ASQ) passenger survey along with airports at Seoul, Singapore, Hong
Kong and Beijing. The Hyderabad International Airport is being managed by a public-private
joint venture of the GMR Group, Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad and the State Government
of Andhra Pradesh along with the Airports Authority of India (AAI).
Timothy J Roemer, the US Ambassador to India has said that the US will work with the Indian
government and the domestic private sector to make the country an aviation hub. Speaking at
India Aviation 2010, Roemer said that the public-private initiative, US-India Aviation
Programme, would work together with the DGCA on helicopter aviation security.
The AAI is set to spend over US$ 1.02 billion in 2010, towards modernization of non-metro
airports. AAI is planning the city-side development of 24 airports, including those at Ahmadabad
and Amritsar. Additionally, 11 new Greenfield airports have been identified to reduce passenger
load on existing airports, according to Praveen Seth, member-operations, AAI.
AAI also plans to spend around US$ 3.07 billion in the next five years for developing, upgrading
and modernizing metro and non-metro airports.
With the growth in the industry, airport retailing has also gained pace in the recent times.
Development of new terminals and airports such as the recently inaugurated T3 in New Delhi
has provided added impetus to this segment. The highest margin earners in this segment are food
and beverages, beauty product, electronic items, apparel etc. It has been predicted that airports
would provide around 300,000-400,000 square feet retail space by 2015. Many companies are
also planning to leverage on this growing segment by launching specific products for air
travellers. For instance, French premium skincare brand L'Occitane is planning to develop a
special range to cater to the airport retailing segment.
Investment Policy
The consolidated document on FDI policy was released on March 31, 2010.
Currently, for the civil aviation sector (Airports):
• FDI up to 100 per cent is allowed under the automatic route for greenfield projects.
• For existing projects, FDI up to 100 per cent is allowed; while investment up to 74 per
cent under the automatic route and beyond 74 per cent under the government route.
Government initiative
As per a new Civil Aviation Requirement (CAR) issued by the DGCA, airlines would have to
mandatorily pay a compensation for delay or cancellation of flights or in case the passengers are
denied boarding although possessing a confirmed ticket. The regulation would come into effect
from August 15, 2010.
The Road Ahead
Investment opportunities of US$ 110 billion are being envisaged up to 2020 with US$ 80 billion
towards new aircraft and US$ 30 billion towards the development of airport infrastructure,
according to the Investment Commission of India.
GE Aviation and Air India will jointly invest US$ 90 million to set up a maintenance, repair and
overhaul (MRO) facility in Mumbai.
Indocopters Private Ltd, distributor for Eurocopter helicopters in India, is planning to set up a
helicopter MRO facility in Bhubaneswar, the company’s fourth service centre in the country.
India's first air service was inaugurated in 1932 when J.R.D. Tata landed on a mud flat at Juhu
in Bombay carrying mail from Karachi on a de Havilland Puss Moth. The planes initially used
by Tata Airlines were too small to carry passengers on a regular basis. In 1946 Tata Air Lines
became a joint stock company called Air-India Ltd, providing domestic flights. Air-India
International, 49 per cent government owned and 25 per cent owned by Tatas, made its maiden
flight on June 8th, 1948 from Bombay to London via Cairo and Geneva using Malabar Princess,
a Lockheed Super L-749 Constellation. The Malabar Princess tragically struck the face of Mont
Blanc on November 3rd 1950 while on descent into Geneva from Bombay via Cairo killing 40
passengers and 8 crew members. 16 years later another ill-fated Air-India aircraft, the
Kanchenjunga (a Boeing 707 jetliner), struck Mont Blanc in almost the same spot on January 24,
1966 enroute to New York city while descending into Geneva.
After the Second World War as many as
eleven private domestic airlines operated in
India. The supply-demand was not in balance
as the Indian aviation market was still in a
fledgling state. Many of these airlines were
making heavy losses as a result of which the
government decided to nationalise the airlines
by forming one domestic carrier and one
international flag carrier. In 1953 Air-India
International (name truncated to Air-India in
1962) became a public sector corporation
along with Indian Airlines Corporation
(catering to domestic and regional routes).
Eight erstwhile private airlines were merged to form Indian Airlines Corp., namely Deccan
Airways, Bharat Airways, Air India, Himalayan Aviation, Kalinga Airlines, Indian National
Airways, Air Services of India and Air-Services India. The fleet was fairly big consisting of 73
DC-3 Dakotas, 12 Vikings, 3 DC-4s and some other smaller aircraft.
Image above right: K.L.M (Royal Dutch Air Lines) Douglas DC-2 (PH-AKK Koetling) flying over Jodhpur. K.L.M
used 14-seater DC-2's in the 1930's on the Amsterdam-Batavia route with stops at Jodhpur, Allahabad and Calcutta
airfields. K.L.M. started the Amsterdam-Batavia (at the time part of the Dutch East Indies) service in 1924 (non-
scheduled) with a single-engined 8-seater Fokker F.VII.
A very interesting collection of colourful airline timetable images of the past (provided by
Airline Timetable Images)
• Tata Airlines
• Air-India
• Air-India
• Air Services of India
• Airways (India)
• Bharat Airways
• Damania Airways
• Gujarat Airways
• Indian Airlines
• Indian National Airways
• Madras Air Taxi Service
• ModiLuft
• Skyline NEPC
• Vayudoot
Present Civil Aviation Scenario
The Indian civil aviation industry has witnessed 20 to 30 per
cent growth rates during the last few years. Growth has now
slowed down considerably due to the ever increasing cost of
ATF (especially in India where ATF is heavily taxed). A slew
of low-cost airlines now compete with the more established
operators. Aviation infrastructure has not kept pace with the
increased traffic and passenger volumes. India's main airports
are currently facing capacity constraints but are in the process
of being modernised and expanded with additional capacity. Privatisation of the two major
airports at Mumbai and Delhi has been completed. Two new greenfield airports have opened at
Bangalore and Hyderabad. Another major change as a result of deregulation of the commercial
aviation sector in India has been the option for private airlines to fly overseas after completing
five years of operations in the domestic market. Jet Airways is presently the sole private airline
with any substantial international traffic.
The civil aviation scenery in India has evolved in many ways. Whereas prior to 1992, when the
two public sector airlines, namely Air-India and Indian Airlines enjoyed a monopoly in the
domestic sector, today some eight airlines are competing for a market share in the rapidly
growing domestic market. In the early nineties, soon after deregulation, many of the newly
established airlines went bust, including Modiluft, Damania (later Skyline NEPC), Gujarat
Airways, East West, UBAir and VIF. Passenger service has improved and is generally speaking
of world standard now or even better. Less than adequate airport and traffic control
infrastructure, which is the main obstacle to future growth, will have to be improved and
expanded for the industry to sustain longterm growth. Increasining fare rates may also have a
negative impact on growth as rock bottom fares are no longer sustainable to run a profitable
airline. Aviation fuel costs in India are much higher compared to comparable costs elsewhere.
Indian airlines have lately placed a record number of aircraft orders. As an example, ATR
received firm orders for 90 new aircraft in 2005 of which India's (Kingfisher Airlines and Air
Deccan) share was 55 per cent. Boeing has estimated that India will require some 850 aircraft
over the next two decades to cater to the growing demand for air travel.
The Delhi-Mumbai sector is the sixth busiest (as at September 2007) air route in the world with
some 740 weekly inbound and outbound flights.
The government owned Airports Authority of India (AAI) manages 126 airports and civil
enclaves out of a total of 449 airports and airstrips found in India. Indian airports handled 65.7
million domestic and 24.8 million international passengers in 2006. Total passenger throughput
grew to 113.7 million in 2007. A record 1.4 million tons of cargo in the year ended March 2006.
Domestic scheduled operators carried a record 43.3 million passengers in 2007.
Foreign air carriers operated 763 charter flights to Goa (India's main destination for international
charter flights) in 2007-08.
India's commercial airline fleet is currently among the top ten nations in the world.
Above pic: Kolkata NSCB (Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose) Airport - landside view of the domestic
terminal (2001). While the airport's domestic terminal was very spacious and modern at the time of its
opening in the mid-nineties, its capacity is no longer adequate for the recent record increases in
domestic traffic. The adjacent international terminal built in the early 70s is more cramped but is
usually adequate for the relatively small volume of international traffic handled by the airport.
A commuter rail link connects the Kolkata's airport with the Sealdah rail terminus in central Kolkata,
but is not very convenient as train frequency is abysmally low for such a service. This once relatively
quiet airport has seen a considerable increase in air traffic and now handles over 200 daily aircraft
movements. International traffic is relatively small. The secondary runway, also used as a taxiway for
the main runway, is being extended to facilitate increased number of aircraft takeoffs and landings.
Construction of a new integrated terminal with a designed capacity to handle 20 m passengers per
annum has commenced. The terminal is planned to be ready in 2011.
Busiest domestic nonstop point-to-point air routes (No. of flights on a single day - 24.3.06)
India is one of the fastest growing aviation
markets in the world. With the liberalization of
the Indian aviation sector, the industry had
witnessed a transformation with the entry of the
privately owned full service airlines and low cost
carriers. As of May 2006, private carriers
accounted for around 75% share of the domestic
aviation market. The sector has also seen a
significant increase in number of domestic air
travel passengers. Some of the factors that have
resulted in higher demand for air transport in India
include the growing middle class and its
purchasing power, low airfares offered by low
cost carriers, the growth of the tourism industry in
India, increasing outbound travel from India, and
the overall economic growth of India.
In addition to these factors, the emphasis on modernization of non-metro airports, fleet
expansion by airlines, service expansion by state owned carriers, development of the
maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) industry in India, opening up of new international
routes by the Indian government, establishment of new airports and renovation and restructuring
of the existing airports have added to the growth of the industry.
However, in mid-2006, many airline operators announced large losses. Analysts opined that a
combination of factors such as high aviation turbine fuel (ATF) prices, rising labor costs and
shortage of skilled labor, rapid fleet expansion, and intense price competition among the players
were responsible for the losses in this sector. The problem was also compounded by new players
entering the industry even before the existing players could stabilize their operations. It was
estimated that the industry as a whole could face losses of over Rs. 22 billion in 2006-07. Some
experts expect the industry to consolidate in the near future. The government also was keen to
restrict the losses in this sector by closer scrutiny of the business plans of new entrants,
conducting quarterly financial audits, etc.
As of 30 October 2007 the total fleet size of commercial airlines in India is 439. In 1994 the Air
Corporation Act of 1953 was repealed with a view to remove monopoly of air corporations on
scheduled services, enable private airlines to operate scheduled service, convert Indian Airlines
and Air India to limited company and enable private participation in the national carriers. [1][2]
However, beginning 1990 private airline companies were allowed to operate air taxi services,
resulting in the establishment of Jet Airways and Air Sahara. These changes in the Indian
aviation policies resulted in the increase of the share of private airline operators in domestic
passenger carriage to 68.5% in 2005 from 0.4 of 1991.
Market share
Current market share of Indian carriers in the domestic aviation market is shown below:[3]
Jet Airways and Jet Lite 25.9%
NACIL 18.2%
IndiGo 15.7%
SpiceJet 12.6%
GoAir 5.9%
Jet Airways JAI 9W JET AIRWAYS May 1993 Mumbai International Airport
Bangalore International
Kingfisher Red DKN IT DECCAN August 2003
Airport
EXPRESS
Air-India Express AXB IX April 2005 Mumbai International Airport
INDIA
Paramount
PMW I7 PARAWAY October 2005 Chennai International Airport
Airways
==Defunct airlines==
This is a list of now defunct airlines from India
COMMENCED CEASED
AIRLINE
OPERATIONS OPERAT0IONS
Air Deccan
Damania Airways
Deccan Airways
Gujarat Airways
Himalayans Air Transport & Survey Limited 1534 1935
Skyline NEPC
Vayudoot
Vijay Airlines
This is a list of airports in India, grouped by state or Union Territory and sorted by location.
•
Map showing the location of airports and seaports in India
[edit] Airports
City served / Location ICAO IATA Comm. Mil. G.A. Int. Dom. Future Closed
Airport name
Andhra Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Along VEAN IXV Along Airport X
Assam
Bihar
Chandigarh (Union
Territory)
Chandigarh Chandigarh X X X
International Airport
Chhatisgarh
Goa
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Karnataka
Kerala
Kannur Kannur Airport (on X
project)
Lakshadweep (Union
Territory)
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Orissa
Pondicherry (Union
Territory)
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
Uttar Pradesh
Uttaranchal
West Bengal