Muhammad Fahmi Adji

181244021
1-Proses Manufaktur
1. A specimen of aluminum having a rectangular cross section 10 mm x 12.7 mm (0.4 in. 0.5 in.) is
pulled in tension with 35,500 N (8000 lbf) force, producing only elastic deformation. Calculate the
resulting strain.
Answer:
𝐹
𝜎=
𝐴
35500 𝑁
=
127 × 10−6 𝑚2
= 279,53 × 106 𝑃𝑎
= 279,53 × 10−3 𝐺𝑃𝑎

𝜎
∈=
𝐸
279,53 × 10−3 𝐺𝑃𝑎
=
69 𝐺𝑃𝑎
= 4,051 × 10−3 𝑚
= 4,051 𝑚𝑚

2. A cylindrical specimen of a titanium alloy having an elastic modulus of 107 GPa (15.5x106psi) and
an original diameter of 3.8 mm (0.15 in.) will experience only elastic deformation when a tensile
load of 2000 N (450 lbf) is applied. Compute the maximum length of the specimen before
deformation if the maximum allowable elongation is 0.42 mm (0.0165 in.).
Answer :
𝐹
𝜎 =
𝐴
2000 𝑁
=
1 2
𝜋𝑑
4
2000 𝑁
=
1 −3
4 × 3,14 × 3,8 × 10
= 670465,98 𝑃𝑎
= 6,7 × 10−4 𝐺𝑃𝑎

𝜎
∈=
𝐸
6,7 × 10−4
=
107
= 0,063 × 10−4 𝑚
∆𝑙
∈=
𝑙0
 0,42 × 10−3 𝑚
𝑙0 = = 66,7 𝑚
0,063 × 10−4 𝑚

3. A specimen of ductile cast iron having a rectangular cross section of dimensions 4.8 mm x15.9
3
mm ( in. in.) is deformed in tension. Using the load-elongation data tabulated below,
16
complete problems a through f.

Answer :

This problem calls for us to make a stress-strain plot for a ductile cast iron, given its tensile load-

length data, and then to determine some of its mechanical characteristics.

(a)The data are plotted below on two plots: the first corresponds to the entire stress-
strain curve, while for the second, the curve extends just beyond the elastic region of
deformation.
 (b) The elastic modulus is the
slope in the linear elastic region as
∆𝜎 100𝑀𝑃𝑎 − 0𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐸= = = 200 × 103 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 200𝐺𝑃𝑎(29 × 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖)
∆𝜀 0,0005 − 0

(c)For the yield strength, the 0.002 strain offset line is drawn dashed. It intersects the stress-
strain curve at approximately 280 MPa (40,500 psi).
 (d)The tensile strength is approximately 410 MPa (59,500 psi), corresponding to the maximum
stress on the complete stress-strain plot.
(e)From Equation 6.14, the modulus of resilience is just
𝜎𝑦2
𝑈𝑟 =
2𝐸

which, using data computed above, yields a value of

106 𝑁 2
(280 × )
𝑈𝑟 = 𝑚2 = 1,96 × 105 𝐽/𝑚3
2(200 × 109 𝑁/𝑚2)

(f)The ductility, in percent elongation, is just the plastic strain at fracture, multiplied by one-
hundred. The total fracture strain at fracture is 0.185; subtracting out the elastic strain (which is
about 0.001) leaves a plastic strain of 0.184. Thus, the ductility is about 18.4%EL.

4. A cylindrical specimen of aluminum having a diameter of 0.505 in. (12.8 mm) and a gauge length
of 2.000 in. (50.800 mm) is pulled in tension. Use the load–elongation characteristics tabulated
below to complete problems a through f.
 Solution

This problem calls for us to make

a stress-strain plot for aluminum, given its
tensile load-length data, and then to determine
some of its mechanical characteristics.
(a)The data are plotted below on two plots: the first corresponds to the entire stress-
strain curve, while for the second, the curve extends to just beyond the elastic region of deformation.
 (b) The elastic modulus is the slope in the linear elastic region as
∆𝜎 200𝑀𝑃𝑎 − 0𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐸= = = 62.5 × 103 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 62.5𝐺𝑃𝑎(9.1 × 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖)
∆𝜀 0,0032 − 0
(c)For the yield strength, the 0.002 strain offset line is drawn dashed. It intersects the stress-
strain curve at approximately 285 MPa (41,000 psi ).

(d)The tensile strength is approximately 370 MPa (54,000 psi), corresponding to the maximum
stress on the complete stress-strain plot.
(e)The ductility, in percent elongation, is just the plastic strain at fracture, multiplied by one-
hundred. The total fracture strain at fracture is 0.165; subtracting out the elastic strain (which is about
0.005) leaves a plastic strain of 0.160. Thus, the ductility is about 16%EL.
(f)From the modulus of resilience is just
𝜎𝑦2
𝑈𝑟 =
2𝐸

which, using data computed above, yields a value of

(285 × 103 𝑀𝑃𝑎)2

𝑈𝑟 = = 0.65 × 105 𝐽/𝑚3
2(62.5 × 103 𝑀𝑃𝑎)