TheBalochRace PDF

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1 4 WATT ERS Y u a n Ch w a n g s Tr a vels ( N e a r ly
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r e a dy ) .
1 5 D AV ID S ( Professor Rh y s )
. The K a th a Va t th u . .
1 6 Ros s ( Princip a l E
. H istory of the Selj uks . .
Els i at i c fi oci e tg monog raph s .
V OL . IV .
T H E B A L O C H R A CE .
21 h i s t ori c al ano E t h no l og i c a l S ke t c h .
M . L O N G WO RT H DAMES .
L ON D ON
P U BL I S HED BY THE R O Y AL A S I A T I C S O CI ET Y ,
22, ALBEM A RLE S T RE ET , w .
1 9 04 .
TH E BA L O CH RA CE
A H IS TORICA L A N D ETH N OL O GICA L ’
SK E TCH
TH E n a me B a loch is used i n two d i st i nct w a ys by tr a vellers

a n d histor i a ns In the first pl a ce i t i s employed a s i n
.
,
cluding a ll the r a ces inh a bitin g the g eogr a phic a l a re a shown

o n o u r m a ps under the n a me o f B a lochista n ; a n d i n the
second pl a ce a s denoting one especi a l r a ce known to them i

, ,
selves a n d their neighbours a s the B a loch It i s in the .
l a tter si g nific a tion th a t I employ the word I t a ke it a s .
a pplying to the B a loch r a ce proper not a s comprising ,
Bra h o i s N um ri s a n d other tr i bes o f Indi a n O rigin nor a n y

, ,
other r a ces wh i ch m a y be found within the lim i ts o f the

Kh an o f Kil at e territory o r the Province of Br i tish
’
B a lochist a n O n the other h a nd i t does c omprise th e

.
,
true B a loch tribes outside those limits wh ether found in ,
Persi a o n the west or in Sindh a n d the P a nj ab on th e

,
e a st In the n a tive use of the word a p a rt from modern

.
,
politic a l bound a ries B a lochis t a n includes Persi a n B a loch

,
ist a n the Kh an at of K i l a t a n d the British Districts of

, ,
Der a Gh az i Kh an ( with the a dj o i ning mount a ins ) J a cob

-
,
a b a d a n d p a rt o f Shik arpur a s fa r a s the Indus

, A ppl y in g .
the te st o f l a ngu a ge the true Ba l oc h e s m a y be considered

,
a s those whose n a tive l a ngu a ge is ( or w a s till recentl y )
B a lochi a n d n o t Bra h o i Persi a n Sindh i J a tk i or P a shto

, , , , ,
.
The spelling a n d pronunci a tion of the n a me h a ve v a ried

consider a bly but the Ba l o c h e s themselves only use one
—
,
pronunci a tion B a loch with the S hort a in the first syll a ble
,
3 9 885 8
"T
HE B ALO C H R ACE
and th e 0 i n the second Th e tendency o f Modern Pers i a n .
to substitute 17 for a n older 0 everywhere h a s h a d its e ffect

,
i n Wester n B a loch i st a n where the pronunc i a t i on B a l u ch ,
is I bel i eve he a rd The so und 0 is histor i c a lly older a n d

, , .
,
1
is recogn i sed i n old Pers i a n dict i on a ries O ther tr i b a l .
n a mes such a s Koch H ot D od ai a re a lso frequently

, , , ,
g i ven wrongly a s K u ch H u t D u d ai , , .
The pronunci a t i on of the vowel in the first syll a ble a s a

short i i s unknown a mong the people themselves but ,
common i n Indi a The form Bi luc h o r Bi l uc h ( Be l o o c h )

.
m a y be conveniently ret a ined fo r s u ch fr a gments o f the

r a ce a s a re det a ched from the m a in stock a n d found
i sol a ted i n Indi a such a s the crim i n a l tr i be of the North ,
West Prov i nces a n d the E a stern P a nj ab the c a mel men ,

-
o f L a hore or the P a shto spe a king Bi l uc h o f P a ni al a i n

,
-
Der a Ism a i l Kh a n ‘
.
The a dj ectiv a l form B a loch i i s properly a ppl i c a ble to th e

l a ngu a ge only a n d n o t the people w h o know them selves
, ,
only a s B a loch which occ a sion a lly t a kes a plur a l form , ,
B a loch an but gener a lly i s used e i ther for the individu a l

, ,
’
o r collectively for the r a ce The form the B a luchis or ‘
.
‘
the Be l o o c h e e s frequently found i s a mist a ke .
The B a loch r a ce in the present da y i s divide d i nto t w o , ,
m a in groups which m a y be c a lled ,
1 . The Sul a im an i Ba l o c h e s ;
2 . The M e kran i Ba l o c h e s .
These groups a re sep a r a ted from e a ch other by a comp a ct

block of Bra h o i tribes which occupy the country a round ,
Kil at These Bra h o i s a re gener a lly cl a s sed under two

—
.
he a ds a s Ja h l aw an s o r L owl a nders a n d S a r aw ans or , , ,
2
H ighl a nders A lthough some B a loch tr i bes a re occ a sion
.
See V u l l e r s L ex i con P ers i co L a t inum

1 ’ ‘
H e quotes the -
,
’
F a rh a n g i S h u fi ri for the sound 0

- -
‘
.
2 F rom the B loch i words

a j a h l d be l ow a n d 3 a m a bove a nd m i n , , , , ,
a m a n wh i ch corresponds wi t h the Pers i a n bcm or w rm a s found i n

’ ’
, ,
F ars i w f m b i g h bd n n i g d h b zn p d s b m d a rw d n f i l w f m etc Th e
’ ’
,
l r , c , ,
.
, ,
d ari v a t i o n o f F d r s i w m from F d r s i z a bc m i s i ncorrect

' ‘
t -
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A H I S T O RI CAL A ND E T H N OLO GI CAL SK ETC H 3
a ll y i nc l uded it m ay be s a id th a t o n the whole the J a t

, , ,
w i ns a n d S a r aw ans a re B ra h o i s a n d m a ke use o f the ,
Bra h o i o r Ki rd g ali l a ngu a ge while both groups of Ba l o c h e s , ,
the Sul a im an i to the north e a st a n d the M e kran i to the -

,
south west a n d west spe a k the B a lochi l a ngu a ge in distinct

-
,
but mutu a lly i n te l l g i b l e di a lects 1

.
The Ba l o c h e s found throughout Sind a n d the P a nj ab

a re a n extension by conquest a n d coloniz a tion o f the
, ,
Sul a im an i Ba lo c h e s a n d a re more or less a ss i mil a ted by

,
their Indi a n neighbours whi l e those of S i st an must be ,
cl a ssed r a ther with the M e kran i tribes .
The trib a l org a niz a tion in M e kran a n d S i st an with ,
which I h a ve no person a l a cqu a int a nce seems fro m a l l ,
a ccounts to be m uch the s a me a s th a t still prev a iling
a mong the tribes of the Sul a im an Mount a ins M a ny o f .
the s a me trib a l n a mes such a s Rind H ot L a sh ar i

‘
, , , ,
M a gh a s si B u l e d
, _h i a re found in both tr a cts but the notes
, ,
which here follow a pply pr i m a ril y to the north e a stern -
or Sul a i m an i tribes only .
The complete trib a l org a niz a tion i s still ret a ined by

those tribes which inh a bit the Sul a im an Mount a ins south
of the thirty first p a r a llel of l a titude to the pl a in of K a ch i
-
,
a n d westw a rds to the B ol an P a ss the pl a in of K a ch i itself ,
( c a lled o n our m a ps G a nd ava or K a ch G a nd ava ) a n d the -

,
territor y stretching from th e mount a in s a n d from K a ch i

towa rds the Indus in some c a ses a s fa r a s the Indus itself
, ,
i n others stoppin g short o f it The tribe is known by the .
n a me o f tu ma n a n d is presided over by a chief known a s

,
Tu m a n d ar . The post is heredit a ry a n d is a lw a y s held b y ,
2
a member of one f a mil y belongin g to o n e cl a n o f the tribe .
1
I n the i ntroducti on to m y Sketch of the N orthern B a loch i L a n
g u a g e ( extr a number J A S B 1 88 0) I descr ibed the t w o di a lects
’
. . . . ,
a s m utu a ll y a l most un i nte l l igi b l e I a m no w of op i n i on th a t th i s

‘ ’
.
w a s too stron gl y ex p ressed a s I h a ve m y self s p e a k i n g the northern

, ,
di a lect been a ble to underst a nd a n d m a k e m y self understood b y

, , ,
p ersons spe a k i n g the M e kr an i d i a l ect .
2
T he cl a n to wh i ch the ch i ef belon g s i s kno wn a s the ph agh lo gh or -
,
house of the turb a n the t yin g on of the turb a n be i n g the out w a rd S ig n

,
1 —2
4 T HE B ALOCH R A CE
E a ch tum a n i s m a de up o f sever a l dist i nct cl a ns known a s ,
p h d r d ( a Sindh i word me a n i ng section or sh a re ) a n d these ,
a re a g a in subdiv i ded into septs known a s p

}
h a l lz
The n a me tuma n i s from the T urkish t i tm ci n ten thous a nd
‘
, ,
wh i ch a ppe a rs to h a ve been first u sed a s a n a pe ll a ti o n of

the nom a d tribes of Pers i a in the time o f the Selj u k Sult an s .
A mong the Ba l o c h e s i t is not so old a n d never occurs i n ,
the hero i c b a ll a ds which rel a te to the events o f the fifteenth

a n d s i xteenth centur i es The O ldest n a me fo r a tr i be found
.
3
i n the poem s is bo la k a lso like tu m a n a word of T urk i sh
2
, , ,
or i g i n ( T ( whi le a b a n d o r crowd) This word seem s

.
,
.
r a ther to refer to the orig i n a l cl a ns a n d not to the modern ,
compos i te tr i be or tu ma n which i s built up of sever a l cl a ns

, ,
co nn ected o n e w i th a noth er m a inly by a cknowledging a

common chief Within th e cl a n the members a re supposed
.
to be of the s a me k i ndred a n d a s a rule the nucleus o f th e ,
t u m a n consists of a few cl a ns which consider them selves to

be closely connected by blood These h a ve served a s a .
centre o f a ttr a ction for other less powerful or un a tt a che d
o f a ssu m in g the ch i e f t a i nsh i p T he p h i g h Zo g h a nswers to the K h an

. c -
kh el i n P a th a n tri bes Such sect i ons a re the B al a ch an i a mo n g the

.
M a z ari s a n d the R a hej a a mon g the B u gh t i s .
1
Am on g the M a rr i s the cl a ns a re known a s t ak a r ( from S in dh i
t a k a ru m ount a i n
, the septs as ph a lli a n d the sm a ll er s u bdi vi s i ons
,
a s ph ar a B a l och i st a n C ens u s R eport p ,

’
.
2
T hi s word frequ ently enters in to T urk i p l a ce n a mes i n Adh a r -
b a ijan etc su ch a s K u m bu l uk , Kizil b u l uk etc I t i s f oun d a mon g

,
.
,
- -
,
.
the Af gh ans ( U t m an bo l a k ne a r P esh a w a r ) a n d a cl a n o f R ind

-
, ,
B al o c h e s ne a r S i b i i s st ill c a ll ed the G h u l am B o l a k I t must not be .
confounded w i th the T u rk i bu ld q a spr i n g wh i ch a lso occurs i n pla ce

, ,
n a mes .
3
T hese words tu m a n a n d bol a k ill ustr a te the B al och tende n c y to
shorte n fin a l sy ll a b l es a n d throw b a ck the a ccent to the penul t i m a te
,
e .
g J
T a m em fro m
.
T u m a/n .
B Ol a k Ba ti k .
P d tta n P a t h dn .
B d kk h a i B a q q dl .
l
J dg fid a l J a g g ed -
.
A H I S T O RI CAL A ND E IH N O L O G IC A L
‘
TC H 5
'
SK E
cl a ns which h a ve lost their ori g in a l tribes either throu g h

,
intern a l qu a rre l s o r through the tribe h a ving been defe a ted

a n d broken up The new tie is not a lwa y s a ver y strong one
.
,
a n d such members o f a tribe a re the first to le a ve it if it
i s defe a ted a n d look for a more power ful protector

, Some .
times mere discontent with the chief or a n intern a l feud , ,
is su fficient to drive a cl a n from one tum a n to a nother 1

.
The oldest poem s s a y th a t there were forty four bo la ks -

,
o f which forty were Ba l o c h e s a n d four were servile tribes ,
dependent on them There i s no complete list o f these

.
b ol ak s The oldest poem mentions seventeen B a loch a n d

.
three servile cl a ns a n d a few others mentioned in ot h er

,
old b a ll a ds bring the number up to twenty six in a ddition -

,
to which three tribes with whom the Ba l o c h e s were a t w a r

,
—
th e L a n gah s N ah a rs a n d Kun g s a re mentioned
,
?
Some m
of these tribes a re not now known a n d most of them a re ,
found a s cl a n s only a n d not a s org a nized tum a n e The

, .
only n a mes a m on g them now found a s t um a n s a re Rind ,
L a sh ari Dr i sh a k M a z ar i Dombk i a n d Khos a to which

, , , , ,
list should be a dded the H ot tribe still found in M e kra n ,
a lthough broken up in the north M a ny consider a ble .
tum a n e such a s the L und L e g h ar i Bozd ar Bu gh ti

, , , , ,
K a sr an i Bu l e dh i ( or B urd i ) a n d J a kr an i do not a ppe a r

, , ,
a t a l l in the older poetry .
The septs o r ph a ll i s a re the units out o f which the

, ,
l a r g er or g a niz a tions a re built up a n d m ay be comp a red ,
to the g o tra s of a H ind u c a ste In a few c a ses one of .
the l a rger cl a ns composing a tum a n a ppe a rs to be r a t h er

a subo r din a te tribe th a n a cl a n a n d h a s its own import a nt ,
sections not a l l necess a rily o f the s a me blood Sometime s

, .
there a re more th a n one in this position These m a y con .
v e n i e n t l y be known by the n a me of s u bt u m a n s S uch a re ’

.
the H a ddi a n i section of the L e gh a ri s tribe the D u rk an i s ,
1
AS re g a rds the p oli t i c a l or m il it a r y or g a n iz a t i on of the tr i be
com p a re Mr H u g hes Buller s rem a rk s on p p i v a n d 8 a n d a lso i n
.
-
’
.
,
ch a p V ii of the B al och i st a n C ensus Re p ort

. i .
,
2
F det a ls of these cl a ns see App end i x I
or i
,
.
6 T HE B A LOCH R ACE
an d L a s h ari smong the Gu rc h an i s the Gh ulam an i s a mong

a ,
the B o z da rs the Sh a m b an i s a mong the B u gh ti s a n d the

, ,
Ma z aran i s a mong the M a rr i s These s u b t u m a n s a re very

.
I ndependent a n d n o t so obedient to their Tu m a n d ars a s

,
the ordin a ry cl a n s In m a ny t u m a n s o n e section either

.
,
cl a n o r ph a ll i is found which h a s a heredit a ry feud with

,
the chief a n d is in h a bitu a l O pposition to him The

, .
Ji n dan i s a mong the Khos a s the H a i b a t an i s a mong the ,
L e g h ari s a n d the Mi s ta k an i s a mong the M a z ari s a re

,
ex a m ples o f this In spite o f th i s however the gener a l

.
, ,
feelin g in a B a loch tribe i s in f a vour o f supporting the

chief s a uthorit y a n d if he is a moder a tely good m a n
’
a ccording to the B a loch st a nd a rd j ust ge n erous a n d o f , , ,
a n even temper he c a n gener a lly enforce it without m uch

,
di ffi culty Wh a t a re a lly a ble a n d str a ightforw a rd m a n

.
c a n do is shown by the history o f N a w ab S i r Im am B a khsh
Kh an ,
the Tu m a n dar of the Ma z ari s a tribe ,
formerly considered i rrecl a im a ble robbers a n d p i r a tes o n

the Indus who h a ve now settled into a l a w a biding a n d -
loy a l tribe a n d over whom he still succe ssfully presides

, ,
1
though bl i nd a n d eighty ye a rs o f a g e .
The Ba l o c h e s a re nom a ds by in st inct a n d st i ll prefer ,
t h e w a nder i ng a n d p a stor a l life wherever it is possible but ,
the popul a tion tends more a n d more to become fixed a s

cultiv a t ion exte n ds B ut town life does not suit them a n d
.
,
a lthough the T um a n dar h a s in every c a se a fixed residence ,
i t never become s the nucleus o f a B a loch to wn Where .
the ch i ef h a s selected a n a lre a dy ex i sti ng town with a non

B a loch popul a tion o f H ind u tr a ders a n d Indi a n M oh a m
med a n a rt i z a n s this p opul a tio n cont i nue s much a s it w a s
,
before F ew Ba l o ch e s live in th e town s ; they prefer th e

.
O pen country Their vill a ges a re collection s o f mud or

.
stone h uts a n d in the mount a i ns where the pop ul a tion i s

, ,
still nom a dic a vill a ge o r h a lk con sists of a number o f li ttle

,
enclosures 3 o r 4 feet h i gh built o f loose stones , On .
1 I re g ret to h a ve to st a te th a t S i r I m am B a kh sh Kh an h as d i ed
s in ce the a bove rem a rks w ere w r i tten .
A H I S T O RI CAL A ND E T H N OLO GI CAL SK E T CH 7
these a tempor a ry roof is spre a d gener a lly composed of ,
m a ttin g ( th a gh a rd) m a de of the le a ves of the ph i sh

( C h a m w rop s R i t c h i e a n a ) a n d wh en th e community mo v es
to a nother gr a zin g ground the roof is c a rried o ff a n d the
, ,
wa lls left st a nding for a nother occup a tion O ften recesses .
o r ledges i n c l ifi s a re utilized a n d no w a ll s a re necess a ry

, .
Their we a lth consist s in c a mels c a ttle sheep a n d go a ts , , , ,
a nd their life i s a bsolutely pr i mitive a n d unc i vilized Y et .
t h e a rts of c a rpet m a k i ng a n d embroidery flourish a mon g

-
th em a n d le a d o n e to comp a re them to the Turkom a n

,
t ribes w i th whom they must a t some time i n the i r history

,
h ave been in cont a ct .Robbers they were a n d to some

e x tent still a re to be a successful le a der i n r a i ds a n d c a ttle
t h eft w a s a title to esteem a n d R d hza n or hi g hw a ym a n w a s
,
a title o f honour .
Such a re the Ba l o c h e s a n d they h a ve been described so

,
often a n d with s o much det a il by S O m a n y tr a vellers a n d

frontier o fficers from Pott i n g er Ferrier a n d M a sson to , ,
Sir T H oldich a n d Ma j or Mol esworth S y kes th a t it i s

.
,
u nnecess a ry for me to go into further det a ils Wh a t I .
Wish to consider now is the question o f the origin a n d

history of th i s rem a rk a ble r a ce wh a t their position i s ,
a mong the r a ces of m a nkind a n d how they c a me to ,
occupy the countr i es where they now dwell These a re .
b y no me a ns simple questions a s will a ppe a r from the ,
v a riety of O pinions which h a ve been held upon them by

persons well qu a lified to j udge Brie fly the origins .
,
f a voured by o n e or th e other a re a s follows :

1 The T u rkom a n or i gin a s a d v oc a ted by Pott i nger a n d
.
,
Kh a n i kofi
'
2 The A r a b origin ( prob a bly the theory most frequently

.
held b y tr a vellers ) strongly a dvoc a ted o f l a te by Sir T

,
.
H oldich
3 The R aj put origin
. as put forw a rd by the l a te
,
Dr Bellew a n d
.
4 The Ir a ni a n or i gin f a voured by S i r R Burton

.
,
.
,
L a ssen Spiegel a n d others

, , .
8 T HE BA L O CH R ACE
O p i n i ons a s to the a ppe a r a nce o f the B a l o c h e s h a v e

v a ried a s much a s those reg a rding the i r or i gin Pottinger .
comp a red them to the T urkom a ns while Kh a n i k o ff detected

1
,
a strong resembl a nce to th e Kirgh i z prob a bly t o one o f th e ,
le a st Mongoli a n in a ppe a r a nce of the tribes included under

this n a me Pottinger denied a l l resembl a nce to th e A r a bs
.
,
while o n the other h a nd m a ny tr a vellers spe a k o f their

, ,
"
A r a b fe a tures Sir T H oldich who a dvoc a ted their A r a b
. .
,
ori g in in a p a per o n the A r a bs o f the North West Frontier 7 -

,
re a d before the A nthropolo g ic a l Society i n 1 8 9 9 consider s ,
the resembl a nce both i n ch a r a cter a n d a ppe a r a nce very

strong S i r R B urton wh o kne w the Ba l o c h e s well a n d
. .
,
h a d a n a lmost unriv a lled a cqu a int a nce w i

not f a vour this v i ew H e s a ys Hi s a ppe a r a nce
.
‘
little resembl a nce to th a t o f Ism a i l s descend a nts ’

.
eye i s the full bl a ck expre ssive Persi a n not the sm a ll

, , , ,
restless fiery Ar a b org a n the other fe a ture s a re peculi a rly

,
high regul a r a n d Ir a n i a n ; a n d the be a rd unerring i n

, , ,
di c a t o r o f high phys i c a l developm ent i s long a n d lustrous , ,
thick a n d flowing .
’
The gener a l v a gue i de a th a t the Ba l o c h e s h a ve A r a b

fe a tures seem s to be b a sed m a inly o n the f a ct th a t th ey
h a ve long a quiline noses wh i ch a re supposed to look ,
Jewish ; a n d they a re therefore a ssumed to b e Semitic , ,
a n d A r a bs B ut this is not th e A r a b type The l a tter is

. .
well described by V o n L u s c h a n w h o rem a rks th a t th e

3
,
B eduins must be considered a s p ure de scend a nts o f th e

O ld S em i tic r a ce : They h a ve long n a rrow he a ds d a rk , ,
complexion a n d a short sm a ll a n d str a ight nose which

, , , ,
i s in every respect the direct opposite of wh a t we a re

a ccustomed to c a ll a typic a l Jewish nose To this i t m a y .
’
be a dded th a t the A r a b nose is ver y commonly depresse d

a t th e root a ch a r a cteristic h a rdl y ever found a mong the
,
Ba lo ch e s The gre a t a bund a nce o f h a ir a n d be a rd a mong

.
1
P ott i n g er s T r a vels i n B e l o o c h i s t a n 1 8 1 6 pp
’
,
’
,
. 2 68 , 2 6 9 .
2
B urton s S i nd Revi s i ted 1 8 7 7 vol ii ; p 1 5 9
’
,
’
, . . . .
3
Q uoted i n
‘
M an P a st an d Present b y A A Ke an e
,
’
. .
, 1 9 00 , p . 5 02 .
th e Ba l o c h e s is not a n A r a b fe a ture The h a iriness is .
often extreme a n d I h a ve on sever a l occ a sion s seen

,
Ba l o c h e s whose b a cks were covered with h a ir .
Resembl a nces in gener a l ch a r a cter a n d in customs both ,
to the A r a bs a n d the T urkom ans h a ve been pointed out , .
O n the whole the resembl a nce to the Turkom ans seems

,
the strongest but th a t to the true Persi a n nom a d s is

,
strongest o f a l l In a n y c a se i t must be remembered th a t

.
,
a nom a dic life in a p a rched u p country is likel y to devel o p -
simil a r customs even in distinct r a ces Th e fondness for

, .
horses ch a r a cter i zes the r a ce s o f C entr a l A si a a n d the

Persi a n Pl a te a u a s strongly a s the A r a bs Th e Ba l o c h e s .
,
when we first he a r o f them were mounted a rchers like the , ,
P a rthi a n s ; the y wore lon g red boots ; they h a d striped

—
r u g s a n d c a rpets a ll ch a r a cteristics referring r a ther to
Northern Persi a th a n Ar a bi a When th e y c a me to close .
qu a rters they a lighted a n d fought on foot like the w a rrior s ,
o f the Sh ah n am a a custom th ey still m a int a in

, In o n e .
point of ch a r a cter th ey di ffer strikin gly from the A r a b s .
They a re a n open he a rted r a ce e a sily ple a sed a n d fond o f

-
, ,
j o k es a n d l a u ghter while in religious m a tters the y a re

,
free from f a n a ticism sensible a n d toler a nt a n d willing

, ,
to discuss opinio n s wi th a n open mind T heir numerou s .
b a ll a d s legends a n d tr a dition s a re sin g ul a rly free from

, ,
the supern a tur a l element It would be h a rd to find a .
g re a ter contr a st th a n th a t which they o ffer to the intense ,
1
concentr a ted f a n a tic a l A r a bs
, .
1
S i nce these rem a rk s were w r i tten m y a ttent i on h a s been dr a w n to
C olone l E M o ck l e r s p a per on the O r i g i n of the B al o c h e s i n J A S B
.
’ ‘
. . .
1 89 5 . Hi s content i on i s th a t the m a ss o f the B a loch a re the a nc i ent

i nh a b i t a nts of M e k ran a n d a re i dent i c a l wi th the G e dro s i i of the
,
Greek s a n d th a t the R inds a re not i n origi n B a loch a t a ll but Ar a bs

, ,
of the Al afi tr i be H e cons i ders i t prob a ble th a t the y a re descended

‘
.
from the sons of Al H ar i th a l Al af i w ho fou ght a g a i nst Al H ajj aj a n d

‘
, ,
w ere fin a ll y dri ven i nto S i ndh a bout A H 86 The i r descend a nts w ere . . .
w ell k no w n i n S i ndh for t w o hundred y e a rs l a ter C olonel Mockler a lso .

‘
i s of O pi n i on th a t the supposed or igi n from Alep p o ( H a l a b ) i s connected

w i th the n a me Al af i ‘
\Vh i l e i t i s qu i te p oss i ble th a t some f a m i l i es
.
10 T HE B ALOCH R ACE
’
Dr Bellew s a ttempt to identify the Ba l o c h e s w i th the
.
R j p u ts w a s b a sed on ph i lologic a l grounds only a n d a s

a 1
, ,
fa r a s I a m a w a re no comp a rison h a s been m a de a s t o

,
the i r a ppe a r a nce Indeed it would not be e a sy to m a ke

.
,
o u t a n y stro n g resembl a nce The di fference between the .
B a loch a n d the Moh a mmed a n R aj p ut o r J a tt o f the Indu s

v a lley i s very cle a rly m a rked both ph y sic a lly a n d ment a lly , ,
a n d I need not enl a rge upon i t .
There rem a i n s the theory th a t the Ba l o c h e s a re Ir a n i a ns ,
a n d th i s I believe to be the true o n e B urton s views h a v e ’

.
a lre a dy been a lluded to a n d L a sse n Spiegel a n d Trumpp

, , ,
h a ve come to th e s a me conclusion I sh a ll here ende a vour .
to S how th a t i t i s borne o u t by a nthropologic a l a n d b istor i

c a l inquirie s a n d by evidence derived from the legends a n d
,
l a ngu a ge of t h e people themselves .
The E a stern Ir a n i a ns a re con sidered by m odern a nthro

p o l o g i s t s to be wh a t i s gener a lly for w a nt o f a better n a me , ,
c a lled the A r y a n r a ce a n d to be strongly a ffected by th a t

,
br a nch o f the C a uc a si a n r a ce which h a s been n a med H o mo

A lp i n u s which extend s through C entr a l E urope a n d A si a
,
?
Minor to the highl a nds o f the H ind u Kush O ne o f the
most d i stinguishing fe a ture s o f this r a ce i s its cons i sten t
br a chyceph a ly a n d i ts p urest ex a mple s a re found a mo n g
,
the T aj i ks of T urkest a n a n d the Gh a l c h a s o f the H ind u

Kush The Ba l o c h e s seem to be a n o ffshoot of this r a ce
. .
They cert a i nly a s I sh a ll S h ow furth er o n c a me i nto thei r

, ,
present l oc a tion s i n M e kran a n d o n the Indi a n border from

p a rts of the Ir a ni a n pl a te a u further to th e west a n d north ,
wh ere they would n a tur a ll y h a ve been a ssoci a ted with
amon g the R i nds or other tr i bes a re descended from these or other

Ar a b sett l ers I do not th i nk th a t there i s s u fii c i e n t ev i dence to just i fy
,
‘
the a dopt i on o f th i s theor y or to sep a r a te the R i nds i n ori g in from the

,
m a ss of the B a l och r a ce A s re ga rds the connect i on bet w een B a l och

.
a n d G e dro s i a see p 2 2
,
. .
1 See below p 1 4 .
, .
2
U jfa l v y ,
L es Ar y ens a u N ord e t a u Sud de l H i n d o u Ko u ch
‘ ’
.
’
T he s ubj ect i s exh a ust i vel y d i scussed i n th i s w ork .

other Ir a ni a n nom a ds such a s the B a khti ar i s o f the

,
present da y The y h a ve brought with them a l a n g u a ge

.
o f th e O ld Persi a n stock with m a ny fe a tures derived from

,
the O ld B a ctri a n r a ther th a n the We stern Persi a n a n d ,
h a ve i ntruded into a region which w a s a lw a ys in a ncient

times reg a rded a s p a rt of Indi a a n d not of Persi a a n d , ,
which both before a n d a fter the Moh a mmed a n conquest

, ,
w a s peopled by Indi a n tribes — R aj p u ts Ja tts a n d Meds , ,

.
But the Ba l o c h e s still ret a in their br a chyceph a ly a lthough ,
A fgh a ns to the north Indi a ns to the e a st a n d A r a bs to

, ,
the south a n d on the P ersi a n Gulf a re a ll dol i choceph a lic .
The A r a bs h a ve a me a n ceph a lic index of from 7 4 to 7 6 ,
a n d the A fgh ans a bout th e s a me The n a t i ves o f Indi a .
h a ve a still lower index T wenty three c a stes of the North

.
-
West Provinces a s given by Mr Risley a ver a ge 7

, an d .
,
seven of the Punj ab Mr Risley gives the index for .
the Ba l o c h e s a s 8 0 but this is misle a di n g a s h i s figure s

, ,
i nclude sever a l Ba l o c h e s from L a hore a n d the neighbour

hood where they h a ve long been a ssimil a ted by their
,
Indi a n surroundings a n d h a ve lost a l l th eir n a tion a l

,
ch a r a cteristics T a king only the Ba l o c h e s of the Tr a n s

.
Indus districts a s f a irly represent a tive of the r a ce I find ,
the me a n index to be 8 1 5 This is most rem a rk a ble a s

.
,
n o ceph a lic index a ppro a ching 8 0 is to be found throughout

Northern Indi a fo r t w o thous a nd m ile s till we re a ch the ,
Thibet a ns o f the D a rj i ling H ills or the a bor i gin a l tribes

beyond C h i tt a gong .
The T aj i ks o f di fferent p a rts o f the Ir a ni a n pl a te a u

h a ve a n i ndex v a ry ing from 8 1 to 8 4 the D a rw azi s 8 1 4 , ,
a n d the Gh a l c h a s 8 5 The figure s given by M de U jfa l v y

. .
fo r B a khti ar i s Kurds a n d Gi l an i s a re 8 8 8 6 a n d 8 4
, , , , ,
a lthough these a re b a sed on t o o sm a ll a number o f c a ses
to be a ltogether trustworthy The i ndex o f th e B omb a y .
P a rsis who h a ve kept distinct a mid their Indi a n neigh

,
bours is 8 2 3 The curve for 60 T aj i ks given by M de

, . .
1
R i sl e y T he T r ibes
, and C a stes o f B en g a l vols i
,
’
. . an d ii : Anthro
.
pom e t ri c D a t a .
12 T HE B AL O CH R ACE
Ujfal v y i s g i ve n here for convenience o f comp a r i son with

th a t o f 4 5 Ba l o c h e s from the distr i cts o f Der a Gh a zi Kh a n
a n d Der a Ism a i l Kh a n The correspondence i s cert a i nly
.
striking the highest i ndex i n e a ch c a se be i ng the rem a rk

,
a ble figure 9 5 o r
The n a s a l i ndex for the s a me 4 5 Ba l o ch e s is 6 8 8 .
It i s cle a r therefore th a t a s fa r a s the sh a p e of the he a d

, ,
GRAP HI C C U RV E O F C E P H ALI C IN DI C E S O F 6 0 T AJ i K s .
GR A P HI C C U RV E O F C E P H A LI C IN DI C E S O F 4 5 B AL O CH E S .
i s concerned the Ba l o c h e s must be cl a ssed with the br a chy

ceph a lic Ir a ni a n s a n d n o t with th e dolichoceph a lic A r a bs
,
o r Ind i a ns This a pplies to th e Ba l o c h e s we st o f the

.
Indus while those who h a ve settled e a st of th a t river S how

,
?
a tendency to a pproxim a te to the Indi a n type
1
N iIr H a ss a n of D er a G h a zi Kh a n
’
C eph a l i c l en g th 1 5 5 ; bre a dth

.
, ,
1 4 8 ; i ndex 9 5 4 , .
2
S i nce the a bove rem a rks were w ri tten I find th a t P rofessor Ke a ne ,
i n Ma n P a st a n d P resent ( P l a te XL p
‘ ’
,
. gi ves a B a loch a s a n
il lustr a t i on of the L o w l a nd T aj i k t y pe .
Spor a d i c c a ses o f the settlement o f A r a b f a m i l i es a mong

the Ba l o c h e s prob a bly occurred duri n g the i r res i de n ce in
K a rm an a n d M e kran a s such c a ses occurred throughout
,
Per si a T urkist a n A fgh a n i st a n a n d Northern Indi a ; but

, , ,
i n such c a ses the ultim a te e ffect on the ge n er a l popul a t i o n

i s b ut sm a ll Isol a ted i nst a nces o f the surv i v a l o f A r a b
.
fe a tures m a y perh a p s b e pointed o u t a n d i t seems to be ,
the gener a l O pin i on o f tr a vellers in M e kran th a t the

f a m i lie s of the ch i efs S how such fe a t ures r a ther th a n the
gre a ter number of the i r tribesmen B ut a mong the tribes .
a long the Indi a n Frontier the A r a bs o f the Indi a n Border ’
—
,
a s Sir T H oldich c a ll s them w i th whom I c a n cl a im a

.
long a n d intim a te a cqu a int a nce I a m convinced th a t there ,
i s no such dist i nction The typic a l a n d ch a r a cter i st i c

.
B a loch f a ce is found equ a lly a mong chiefs a n d tr i besmen ,
a n d true A r a b fe a tures a re very r a re .
1
The R aj p u t origin a dvoc a te d by the l a te Dr Bellew .
deserves some con sider a tion b ut his a ttempt to prove th a t

,
a l l Ba l o c h e s j ointly with a very l a rge section o f P a th ans

, ,
were o f Indi a n descent w a s doomed to f a ilure If he h a d .
confined him self to st a ting th a t there a re some R aj p u t a n d

J a tt elements in the present B a loch n a tion a n d th a t the ,
P a th an tr i bes of the Sul a m an r a nge a re t o a consider a ble ,
extent o f Ind i a n or i gi n he would h a ve obt a ined gener a l

, ,
a ssent ; but h e a ttempted to S how o n ph i lologic a l ground s ,
m a inly th a t every tribe o r cl a n whose n a me he coul d

,
a scert a in w a s descended from some Indi a n c a ste o r g o t ,
a n d he displ a yed a good de a l o f ingenu i ty i n comp a ring
these n a mes with those o f their supposed Ind i a n pro

genitors .
H e commence s with the n a me B a loch which he c o n ,
siders identic a l with the Ba lae c h a ( Bal a i c h a) cl a n o f the

C h a uh an R aj p u ts a n d a t the s a me t i me he finds a cl a n
,
o f the A f g h an D urr an i n a m ed Ba h re c h which h e identifies ,
w i th a nother C h a uh an cl a n the Bh a rae c h a ( properly , ,
1 ‘
E thno gr a ph y of Af g h a n i st a n b y H W Bellew
,
’
. .
, 1 89 1 ,
pp 1 7 1 ,
. 1 72 , an d 1 7 5 1 87
-
.
A H I S T O RI CAL A ND E T H N O L O GI CAL SK E T CH 15
Bh u ra i c h a) L e a vi n g the A f gh a n identific a tion with

.
,
which I c a nnot de a l here th a t o f the words B a loc h a n d

,
Bal a i c h a rests on no ev i dence except the simil a rity of

’
the sounds E ven on philologic a l grounds it i s i m pro b

.
a ble ,
for a lth ough origin a l 0 a n d a a re frequently
converted in B a loch i into e a n d t the reverse process ,
’
never t a kes pl a ce This obj ection a pplies a lso to the

.
d eriv a tion from M le c h h a ( see p The Ch a uh an s were .
a t n o time o n e of the R aj p u t tribes occup y ing the Indus
V a lley e i ther in Sindh o r the P a nj ab The g re a t m a ss

,
.
o f Ch a uh an s i s still found o n the site of th eir a ncient
kingdom in K a rn al a n d A mb al a in the U nited Province s

, ,
and E a stern R aj p ut an a The V a ra i c h who prob a bly

.
,
represent the B al a i c h a cl a n a re a t present a strong ,
Mus a lm an J a t t commu n ity in the Guj r at a n d Si alkot dis

t ri c t s o f the P a nj ab There is no evidence wh a tever th a t
.
they migr a ted west wa rd a t a n y time a n d forsook their ,
fertile pl a ins fo r the a rid rid g es a n d pl a te a us o f Me kra n .
B ut a lthough B a loch is now the n a me for the whole r a ce

, ,
a n d h a s been so since it h a s been known to history ,
Dr Bellew thought th a t the B a loch were origin a lly onl y

.
a br a nch a n d th a t the whole r a ce w a s known a s Rind

, ,
a n a me whic h he derives from the R a nn o f K a ch H is .
words a re The n a me Rind is a territori a l design a tion

a pplied to the B a loch o r Ba l ae c h a a n d other C hoh an
R aj p u t tri bes whose origin a l se a ts were in the C hoh an
,
country on the b a nks o f the L on i the a ctu a l me a ning o f ,

’
t h e words Rind a n d B a loch being thus reversed R ind .
i s in f a ct the title of o n e br a nch of the B a loch a s I sh a ll

, , ,
S how below a n d i s a nickn a me like m a n y other trib a l

, ,
n a mes me a ning scoundrel o r che a t ( like the Indi a n

,
‘ ’ ’
Th a g ) Nor is there a n y evidence to S h ow th a t the

.
Ch a uh an s were ever settled on the river L on i nor in th e ,
nei g hbourhood o f the R a nn of K a ch .
Dr Bellew then proceeds to consider wh a t he c a lls the

three m a in divisions of the B a loch —V iz the Bra h oi the
.
.
, ,
N umr i a n d the R ind I S h a ll not follow him a s reg a rds

, .
16 T HE B A LOCH R AC E
the first two ne i ther o f wh i ch h a s a n y right to th e n a m e

,
B a loch They di ffer from th e true B a loch in every respect

.
,
a n d I a m only de a l ing with the l a tter which Dr Bellew ,

.
h ere c a lls Rind The true histor i c a l n a me is B a loch a n d

.
,
I sh a ll be a ble to show h o w the Rind s obt a i ne d their

prominence a mong the Northern Ba l o c h e s which h a s led ,
to the confusion of n a mes When he comes to the B a loch .
properly spe a king h e g i ves a list o f forty two n a mes o f

,
-
tribes which h e proceed s to de d uce from v a r i ous Indi a n

,
or i g i n a ls I s a y Indi a n a s h e does not confine him self to

.
,
Ch a uh an s o r even to R aj p u ts b ut i ncl ude s Br ahm a ns

, , ,
J a t t s a n d low c a ste tribes-

O ut o f the forty two n a mes -
—
.
, ,
eleven a e unknown to me v iz B ari U t an Ka o da i

r .
, , ,
( perh a p s a S i ndh i method of wr i ting Kor ai ) K a tw ar Korw a , , ,
L a nd i L a tt i M a l ai Mer i Sa jo di a n d Ra k sh
, , , The l a st
, ,
.
n a med perh a p s st a nds for Ra k sh an i a Bra h o i tr i be a n d ,
sm a ll B a loch cl a n None o f these c a n be fo und either a s

.
trib a l o r cl a n n a mes .
—
O f the rem a inder S ix v i z G i chk i Khetr an L or i
—
.
, , , , ,
Ma m a s an i Med a n d M w a i c a nnot str i ctly be c a lled

,
ar r ,
B a loch .
The Gichk i a re a n a ssimil a ted tr i be of M e kran now ,
spe a king the B a lochi l a ngu a ge a n d commonly cl a s sed a s ,
B a loch b ut they a re known to be o f comp a r a t i vely recent

—
Indi a n or i gin some a ccounts s ay Sikh a n d some R aj p u t , .
Their settlement in Me kran w a s not e a rlier th a n the l a tter

p a rt o f the seventeenth century It is very l i kely th a t the .
tribe comprises some true B a loch eleme n ts Dr B ellew . .
m a kes G i chk i equiva lent to K a j k i a n d derives i t from the ,
K a c h w ah a R aj p u ts which i s cle a rly i mpossible o n philo

,
log i c a l grounds The termi n a t i on h z commonly used in

.
,
Sindh i to form a dj ect i ves ( such a s B a lochk i J a tk i Br a h u i k i , , ,
shows th a t the n a me must be o f Sindh i ori g in .
The Kh e t ran s a re a lso a tr i be of undoubtedly Indi a n

o rigin ,
occupy i ng a tr a ct in the Sul a im an Mount a ins ,
between the B a loch a n d P a th an tribes a n d still spe a k i ng

—
,
the i r or i gin a l Indi a n l a ngu a ge a d i a lect pecul i a r to them

A H I S T O RI C A L A ND E T H N OLO GI CAL SK E T CH 17
sel v es a n d a kin to S i ndh i a n d J a t k i with which I h a ve ,
some a c q u a int a nce It is h a rdl y necess a ry to observe th a t

.
their n a me c a nnot b e derived a s Dr B ellew supposes

-
, .
,
from Kh a ter merc a ntile Raj p u t but me a ns cultiva tor

, ,
’
,
’
a n d must be referred to Kh e tr ( S kr K s h e t ra ) a field

’
.
, .
T he Med o r M e dh a re the a borigin a l non B a loch

, , ,
-
fish er tribe of the Me kran a n d Sindh co a st known long ,
before the a ppe a r a nce of the Ba l o c h e s who use the n a me ,
a s a term of contemp t ; a n d those ne a r the Indus a pply it
to the fishermen o f th a t river a n d couple it with the n a me ,
M achh i A b a rd in hurling a t a unt a t his a dvers a ry of

.
,
a nother tribe tells him th a t M e dh s a n d M ac h h i s a re not

,
fit comp a nion s for M i r H a m z a

T he L or i a re the s a me a s the Doms the heredit a ry ,
minstrels of Indi a n origin kno wn in Persi a a n d B a lochi ,
—
st an under this n a me L or i or L u r i th a t is prob a bly , , ,
n a tives o f L ar o r L u rist an The picturesque legend told

, .
in the S h ah n am a of their introduct i on from Indi a into

’
Persi a by B ahr am Gor is well kno wn They a re a tt a ched .
a s b a rds to B a loch tr i bes but a re not a n d do not pretend

, ,
to be o f B a loch blood themselves Their customs a n d

,
.
a ppe a r a nce a re those o f the Dom s or M i ras i s of Indi a .
The M arw ar i s a re the well known Indi a n b a nking c a ste -
origin a ting in M arw ar I do not know how the n a me.
found i t s w a y into a list of B a loch tribes .
The M a m a s an i o f S i st an a re I believe Bra h oi s a n d n o t , , ,
B a loch This is Dr Bellew s own O pinion ( see From the

. .
’
Indus to the Ti g ris 1 8 7 4 p ,

’
, .
The rem a inin g twenty fiv e n a mes on h i s list a re B a loch

-
,
but a l a rge number o f well known n a mes is omitted A -

.
few specimens of the method of deriv a tion on which the ,
a r g ument a s to their I ndi a n origin is founded will be ,
su fficient .
In the list occur two n a mes Bo l ida a n d Burd i These , .
refer i n re a lity to the s a me tribe the Buled i o r B ul e dh i , ,
a n a me derived undoubtedl y from th e Boled a V a lley in

M e k ran Burd i is the Sindh i form due to the fond n ess of
.
,
2
18 T HE B AL O C H R ACE
th a t l a n gu a ge for ch a ng i ng l to r a n d throwing the

a ccent b a ck t o the a ntepenultim a te ; but the Burd i s o f
Sindh a re n ever spoken o f i n B a loc h i by a n y ot h er n a m e

th a n Bul e dh i Dr Bellew g i ve s d i st i nct or i gin s for the t w o
. .
n a mes H e s a ys : Bo l i da ( mentioned by Ptolemy ) is the

.
s a me a s the Pul ad i or F ao l adi o f the H a z ar a h a n d h a s ,
given i ts n a me to a district in M e kran The origin a l n a m e .
seem s t o h a ve been Bo l B ol a o r Pol a ( whence the B0 1 , ,
temple o f Multan B ol a n P a ss a n d Pul a ji Shrine not fa r

,
1
,
from i t ) fo r B al a Br a hm a n a n d the form Bo li da is the 2

,
S i n dh i correl a t i ve o f the H ind i B ol i k a o f the B ol a Pol a , , ,
o r B al a Dr Bellew expl a in s B urd i a s representing the

’
. .
Bh u rt a Sol ank i Rajpfi t SO th a t the Bu l e dhi tribe in .
o n e form of i ts n a m e i s B al a Br a hm a n a n d i n th e other ,
Bh u rt a R aj p u t .
A nother ex a mple i s the n a me Nutk an i a s to wh i ch ,
Dr Bellew observe s
. N a tk a o r N a tk an i is fo r N a t Indi a n
t r i be o f gypsies co n j urers rope d a ncers etc This is a ’
-
.
, , ,
m ost b a seless conjecture The n a me is n o t N a tk a o r N a t .
k ani b ut N utk an i a s pronounced by outsiders a n d No dh a

, , ,
k an i i n B a loch i A n t i s the genit i ve plur a l termin a tion

.
u sed t o form p a tronym i cs N o dh a k is a common proper .
n a me o f Ba l o c h e s a d i m i nutive o f No dh a cloud a , ,
‘
,
’
word wh i ch enters i nto other proper n a mes a s No dh o , ,
N o dh b a n da gh N o dh a kan i o r N utk an i s i mply me a n s th e

‘
.
descend a nts o f N o dh a k .
’
’
M a z ar i me a n s the s o n o f M a z ar th e t i ger a true , ,
B a loch form Dr Bellew identifies the tribe with th e

. .
My sa ri
’
Ind i a n Desert Tr i be
,
‘
I h a ve n o t been a ble to .
obt a in a n y i nform a tion a s t o the My s a ri but the n a me , ,
if correctly g iven looks like a corruption o f M a h e s wa ri ( like

,
Mysore from M a he sw a r )
,
Dr B ellew a lso derives the . .
P a th an tr i be of the S ul a i m an s known a s Z m a ri from a , ,
Hi n dfi tribe M a is a r i perh a p s th e s a me H e does not note

, .
1 T he correct f orm of th i s n a me i s Phu l ej i 3 13 1 551

2 I t m a y be noted th a t da denotes the g en i t i ve i n P a nj ab i b u t i s ,
n ot a S in dh i term i n a t i on .
th a t M z a ra i o r Z m a ra i i n P a shto me a ns the s a me a s M a z ar
’
in B a loch i a tiger
, .
It i s not necess a ry to go further through this list I c a n .
only find one c a se a mong a l l those g iven by Dr Bellew in .
which a B a loch tribe i s re a lly connected w i th the Ind ia n

a ncestry a ssig n ed to i t
— th a t i s th e c a se o f the J a kran i fro m ,
the J a kh a r J a t t e a tribe O f comp a r a tively l a te a dopt i o n

,
1
into the B a loch confr a ternity .
There a re h owever c a ses o f a doption of Ind i a n tribes

, ,
not not i ced by him The most import a nt o f these i s the

.
c a se o f the Dod ai a n d their descend a nts th e moder n ,
Gurch an i tribe wh o a re undoubtedly to a gre a t extent

, , ,
sprung from the Somr a R aj p u ts of Sind a s I sh a ll S how ,
further o n .
It is n o doubt a lso possible to urge th a t the tribes wh i ch

, ,
be a r territori a l n a mes derived from loc a l i ties i n M e kran

ma y h a ve been der i ved from the orig i n a l Ja t ts o f th a t
region a n d n o t from t h e B a loch inv a ders but there is n o
, ,
evidence th a t th i s w a s the c a se There a re sever a l n a mes .
of th i s type fo r i nst a nce

,
Bul e dh i from Boled a

. .
L a sh ar i from L ash ar
, .
M a g a ss i from M a ga s , .
Kul ach i from Ko l an c h

, .
Gi sh kh a u ri from the G i sh K h a ur the n a me of a

, ,
‘
torrent .
’
D a sht i from one o f th e numerou s D a sh t s o r t a blel a nds

, , ,
found throughout the country .
Ka h i r i from the n a me of a torrent s o c a lled from ‘

,
’
-
the Ka h i r ( P ro s op i s sp i c ig e ra ) wh i ch grows a long ,
i t s course There a re sever a l s o c a lled

. .
The Bu l e d h i
h a ve been a lluded to a lre a dy The L a sh ar i .
a re o n e o f the m a in divisions of the B a loch r a ce a n d the ,
Ma g a ss i a tribe gener a ll y cl a ssed a s a br a nch o f the

L a sh ar i It m ay be noted th a t M a g a s is a pl a ce situ a ted
.
1
See E a st wi ck ,
‘
D r y N otes fro m Y oun g Egyp t ,
’
1 85 1 , p . 1 10 .
Q _ o
20 T HE B ALOC H R ACE
1
i n a tr a ct o f cou n try c a lled L ash ar in Pers i a n B a loch i st a n .
M a g a ss i is sometimes used a s a term interch a nge a ble with

L a sh ar i ; Ferr i er C ar a v a n Journeys p 4 3 1 ) d ivides the ,
’
.
Ba l o c h e s of S i st an i nto N e rv ui s ( N arii i s ) R i nds a n d M e k s e s , ,
M a ga s s i s ) .
Kul ach i i s prob a bly from the Ko l an c h Va lley i n M e kran .
This tr i be once powerful but now o f sm a ll import a nce h a s

, , ,
left i ts n a me o n the m a p The town of Kul ach i in Der a .

,
Is m a il Kh a n though n o w belonging to the G a nd ap u r

,
A fgh a ns be a rs it a n d the gre a t se a port o f K a r ach i h a s

, ,
the s a me n a me with th e u su a l Sindh i ch a nge o f l to r

,
.
The n a me o f the Ka h i ri s wh o a re in th e present da y,
a L evitic a l tr i be w i th cert a in peculi a r a ttributes i s prob a bly ,
der i ved from o n e of the K a h i r i torrents The legend given .
i n the T ar i kh i M a s u m i ( 1 6 0 0 A D ) der i ve s the n a me

- -
‘ 2
. .
d i rect from the K a h i r tree a ssert in g th a t one of the

-
,
a nce stors o f the tribe rode on a tre e of this sort m a king ,
i t move like a horse whe n h e struck it w i th a whip .
Perh a p s the Ka lm ati should be a dded to this list S i r .
T H oldich supposes them to derive the i r n a me from

.
K a lm a t a n d this is p ri ma f a c i e prob a ble They a re st a ted

, , , .
to be a peculi a r tr i be w i th cert a in religious superst i t i o n s

a tt a ched to them a n d it seems pos s i ble th a t their n a me
,
m a y be der i ved from the K a rm a t i o r Ka rm a t i a n heretics ,
who were dr i ven i n to Me kran by M a hm u d of Gh a zn i a n d

3
Muh a mmed bin S am Neither K a h i r i nor K a lm a ti a re
.
prob a bly Ba l o c h e s by origin though long a ssoc i a ted with ,
them a n d mentioned in old b a ll a d s .
It is not necess a ry to go further into Dr Bellew s lists of .

’
subd i v i sions o r of wh a t he c a lls Ja t Ba l o c h e s O nly two .
B a loch tr i bes the J a toi a n d J a kr ani a re included in the

, ,
l a tter list The rest a re th e n a mes of miscell a neous Indi a n

.
tribes with no cl a im to be c a lled B a loch .
I m a y here a llude to the deriv a tion of the word B a loch

I o w e th i s i nform a t i on to the k i ndnes s o f M a j or P Mo l esworth
1
.
S ykes .
3 E
2
E D i 2 38
. . . . D i pp 4 5 9 4 9 2 . .
, .
,
.
,
.
however thinks th a t Ba dro c h or Ba dro sh i n B a loc h i m ay

, , ,
be t a ken a s equiv a lent to Ga dro sh or Ga dro s o f the

‘
, ,
more a nc i ent Pehlev i or Z end a n d t o Ga drO S ii o r , ,

-
,
Ge dro s ii of the Greeks

, Ba dro c h from the interch a nge .
,
a bility o f th e l i quid s r a n d l is equ i v a lent to Ba dl o ch , ,
o u t of wh i ch the cl m ust n a tur a lly drop le a ving B a loch ,

" ”
equiva lent to th e Ge dro si i .
W i th reg a rd to th i s der i va tion it m a y be rem a rked th a t ,
n o such word a s b a d o r ga d is found in th e a nc i ent

‘ ’ ’
l a ngu a ge s a n d th a t while a m odern 9 o r g w often

,
represents i n Pers i a n ( a n d st i ll more ofte n i n B a lochi ) a n

orig in a l the reverse process i s unknown A n a nc i ent .
G such a s i s fou n d i n th e n a me Ge dro s i a d a t i ng from

, ,
th e fourth century B C c a n h a rdly be represente d by a . .

,
B a s i n B a loch
, If I h a ve been successful in show i n g
.
th a t the B a loch n a m e w a s not known in Me kran before the

th i rtee n th century i t seem s a u seless t a sk to a ttempt
,
to a ssoci a te th em w i th the Ge dro s i i o f s i xteen hundred

ye a rs before .
B a loch i s a Pers i a n word which i n a dd i t i on to it s use , ,
a s a proper n a me me a ns a s expl a ined in the Burh an i

, ,
-
Q ati a n d other dict i on a ries a cockscomb o r crest

‘
It ,
.
seem s poss i ble th a t the proper n a me w a s or i g i n a lly a n i ck

n a me der i ved from the u s e of such a cre st or b a dge m a n y
trib a l n a me s a re uncompliment a ry n i ckn a mes l i ke o ur ,
Whig an d Tory a n d others a ppl i ed to rel i gious sects A

,
.
p a ss a ge i n the Sh ah n am a a ffords some support to this ’
theory . I n the enumer a t i on o f the w a rriors o f Ka i

Kh u s ra n s a rmy the poet comes to the B a loch led by
’
As h ka sh a n d i n o n e text h e describes th em a s
,
Gai n? 8 3 . n
to
) ; )
Q
’ 1
‘
Inte n t on w a r, w i th ex a lted cockscomb crests . This
T h i s p a ss a g e i s a n ex a mp l e o f the extr a ord i n a r y v a r i et y
'
1 o f re a d
i n g s i n the text of the S h ah n am a .

’
In Moh l s text the p a ss a g e re a ds

’
p .
C ” A K" , b a gl lfi w —ck )
A H I S T O RI C A L A ND E T H N OL OGI CAL SK E T CH 23
m ay be considered a s ev i dence th a t in the tr a ditions or

poems m a de u se o f by Fird a us i the Ba l o ch e s were re pre
sented a s we a ring such crests a n d a s the words B a loch ,
an d Khoch h a ve the s a me me a ning it seems th a t B a lo c h ,
must be a nickn a me .
The reput a t i on o f being r a iders a n d robbers wh ich the

B a loch h a ve a lw a ys borne a mong their nei g hbours h a s
e a rned them m any uncompl i ment a ry ep i thets which a re ,
found a mong the trib a l n a me s .
The following a re ex a mples

Rind kn a ve deb a uchee w a nderer , ,
.
L und si m il a r m e a n ing A le g end expl a i ns i t .
a s me a ning fool but I c a nnot find th a t the word ’
ever bore th i s sign ific a t i on .
Khos a ( Sindh i ) a robber a lso a fever , .
M a r i ( Sindh i ) a pl a gue o r epidemic

, .
L e gb ar ( B a loch i ) foul or dirty ,

.
The n a me o f the Koch th e r a ce a lw ays coup l ed with the ,
B a loch in the e a rliest a ccounts a l so me a ns nom a d i n ,

‘ ’
Persi a n ( cf P a shto Koch a i a

.
,
Some o f the cl a n n a mes a lso a re either n i ckn a mes o r

( possibly ) h a ve a totemic origin I m a y mention the .
following
Sy ah ph aak ( Bl a ckfeet ) a cl a n of the D urk an i Gur
-
,
ch an i s .
w hi ch he tr a nsl a tes : Il ét a i t a ccomp a g n é de s bra ves de C utch e t de

‘
B e l o u dji s t a n qu i sont a v i des de comb a ts comme des b él i ers

, .
’
V u ll e rs i n h i s P ers i a n Di ct i on a r y
,
gi ves i t a s quoted
a bove i n the text a n d th i s a lso i s the re a d i n g of the ol d est MS of the
, .
poem in the B r it i sh Museum a ddl f In h i s ed it i on of .

, .
the S h ah n am a ho w ever V u l l e rs does not gi ve th i s r e a d in g but the

,
’
, ,
foll o win g (1 1 .
Cj é ik é K/s ? l
9
' N o. 6 53 3
.
w h i ch i s a l so gi ven i n the B omb a y l i tho gr a phed edi ti on .
M a c a n s C a lcutt a ed i t i on om i ts the whole p a ss a g e a s to the number

’
i n g of the a rm i es w h i ch i s of g re a t i nterest throu ghout

,
.
T he w ords a) ? a n d a} both me a n ra m but a s a) ; ends i n a a ‘

,
’
a n d not a i t i s i m p rob a b l e a s a rh y me to
, T he re a d in g i n the
text seems pre f er a ble to both .
24 T H E B A L O CH R ACE
Gul ph aak ( F l o w e rfe e t) a cl a n o f the D ri sh a k s

-
, .
Ga n da g w al a gh ( the sm a ll red a n t ) a cl a n of the ,
D urk an i .
Sy ah l af ( Bl a ckb e lli e s ) a ll the Ma z ari s w i th the

-
, ,
except i on o f the B al ach an i .
Ka l ph ur (a n a rom a tic pl a nt G li n u s lo to id e s ) a cl a n o f
, ,
the B ugh ti s
The tr i b a l n a mes H ot (h e ro ) a n d M a z ar i ( s o n s of t ig ers )
a re ex a mples o f epithets o f a nother kind .
Bo z d ar me a n s g oa th e rds .
The B a loch i i s a s i s well k n own a n Ir a ni a n i diom

, , ,
ne a rly rel a ted to modern Persi a n but a t th e s a me time ,
sh ow i ng m a ny points of resembl a nce to the Z end or O l d ,
1
B a ctr i a n r a th er th a n to the O ld Pers i a n Th e voc a bul a ry
, .
h a s borrowed a l a rge n umber o f words from the neigh

b o uri n g settled r a ces spe a king Modern Pers i a n on o n e side ,
o r the Indi a n idiom s Sindh i a n d J a tk i o n th e other .
Bra h o i h a s furn i shed a few words a n d h a s i tself borrowe d ,
exte n s i vely from B a loch i The A r a bic element i s n o t

.
very extensive a n d m a inly consists o f such reli g ious a n d

'
a bstr a ct term s a s a re common to a ll Muh a mm a d a n n a tions .
Most o f the se h a ve been i ntroduced through the medium

o f Modern Persi a n H a d the A r a b element been a n i m
.
p ort a nt or ruling o n e we S ho uld expe ct to find the word s

,
rel a ting to government trib a l org a niz a tion w a r we a pons

, , , ,
horses a n d o ther m a tters in which th e ru l ing c a ste o f a

,
nom a d r a ce m a inly concerns itself l a rgely derived from ,
the A r a bic much a s in E nglish the corresponding cl a ss of

,
words i s derived from Norm a n French B ut h a rdly a -

.
S i ngle word o f this cl a ss comes from A r a bic though Sindh i ,
h a s been dr a wn o n to some extent Most word s o f t h is .
cl a ss belong to the origin a l Ir a ni a n element ; a few a re

T urkish .
C ert a in i nd i c a t i ons a s to or i g i n m a y a lso be deduced from

1
Di e Spr a che der B a l ii t s c h e n b y IV G e ig er N o VI i n the
‘
,
’
.
,
. .
,
‘
G rundr i ss der I r a n i schen P h i lol o gi e gi ves a fu l l summ a r y o f the
,
’
li ter a ture of th e subj ect .

A H I S T O RI C A L A ND E T H N OLO GI CAL SK E T CH 25
the proper n a mes i n use a mon g Ba l o c h e s A ll M u h a m .
m a da n s h a ve to a gre a t exten t a b a ndoned their ori g in a l

n omencl a ture a n d a dopted t h e system of reli g ious n a mes
,
dr a wn from the Qur an the v a riou s divine n a mes the

-
, ,
Prophet the e a rly Kh a l i fa s a n d other persons f a med in

, ,
the history o f the reli g ion Nevertheless ori g in a l n a mes

.
,
h a ve s urvived in m a ny l a ngu a g es especi a ll y in Persi a n ; ,
a n d Persi a n a s well a s A r a bic n a mes

, a re i n u se throu g h ,
o u t Indi a A fgh a nist a n a n d B a lochist a n

, , There i s a m o ng .
the Ba l o c h e s a lso a very l a r g e a n d import a nt element

which c a nnot be derived from either o f these sources .
I h a ve m a de a list of 1 9 0 proper n a mes including a l l ,
th e n a mes I h a ve found in the older poetry a n d in the

gene a logies O f these only fi fty three a re A r a bic n a mes
.
-
,
twenty a re Persi a n o r compound Persi a n a n d A r a bic ( a s

Dost Muh a mm a d Im am B a kh sh ,
four a re T urkish , ,
a n d twenty three seem to be of Ind i a n ori g in

-
a lthou g h ,
mostly n o t identic a l with modern H ind u n a mes The .
rem a ining ninety a re n a mes peculi a r to the Ba l o c h e s o f ,
which a g ood m a ny a re c a p a ble of expl a n a tion from

B a loch i o r from the older Ir a ni a n l a ngu a ges a n d I a m of ,
O pinion th a t the A r a bic element is less import a nt th a n

a mong most Muh a mm a d a n r a ces .
The n a mes of pl a ces a fford little inform a tion The .
Ba l o c h e s a s recent immigr a nts into M e k ran a n d the

,
S ul a i m an s h a ve a ccepted mo st n a mes a s they found them

,
.
The m a j ority seem to be o f Indi a n origin A few B a lochi .
n a mes a re found such a s S uh raf ( red

,
Sy ah af ‘
bl a ck Geh good N a fu s kh step d a u g hter -
Ch i gh a rd D e h g w a r G a n da ki n da f ; a n d n a mes
,
commenci n g with the letters g w such a s Gw ad a r G w a t ta r , , ,
G w a ja k G w a ro k h a re prob a bl y of B a loch ori g in a s g w in

, , ,
th a t l a ngu a ge st a nds for a n ori g in a l 1) or 1 0 which in ,
m odern Persi a n becomes b The tot a l number o f such .
n a mes is sm a ll .
The B a loch i l a n g u a g e i s rich in term s for the n a tur a l

fe a tures Of a mount a inous country—mount a ins S tre a ms , ,
v a lleys spurs cli ffs p a sses etc The only a pp a rently

, , , , .
A r a b i c word a mong these is K h a u r a torrent bed (A r ,

’
.
found a lso in P a s h to in th e form K h w a r Th e , .
common A r a b i c word s ro ad? a n d je be l wh i ch a re to be ,
found from the Persi a n Gulf to the A tl a ntic O ce a n never ,
occur a w a y from the co a st which is n a vig a ted by A r a b

s a ilors.
H I S T ORY AN D L EGEND .
The first ment i on o f th e Ba l o c h e s in his tory i s foun d in

the A r a bic C hronicles of the tenth century the fourth ,
o f the H ij r i e ra ; b ut F ird a us i whose gre a t poem th e , ,
S h ah n am a w a s fin i shed in A H 4 00 refers to a n e a rlier

’
.
, ,
period th a n a n y o f the se The l a tter p a rt o f this poem

.
,
rel a ting to the S a ss a n i a ns must be reg a rded a s m a inly

—
,
h i storic a l a t le a st a s much s o a s the n a rr a t i ves of th e

,
prose chron i cles such a s tho se o f M a s u d i a n d T a b a r i a n d

,
’
the Ra u z a t u s s a f a which embody q u ite a s m uch legend a ry

’
-
,
m a tter a s th e S h ah n am a The e a rl i er p a rt o f th e .
’
S h ah n am a i s of course m a inly mythic a l

, ,
The Ba l o c h e s .
a re i ntroduce d a s formi n g p a rt of the a rmies o f K a i K au s
a n d K a i K husr a u a n d this me a n s no more th a n th a t their
n a me occurred a mong others i n the b a ll a ds o r legend

which F i rd a us i drew upon Ka i K au s is sh own a s em .
ploying th e w a rriors o f P ars a n d of the Koch a n d B a loch ,
1
the troop s of G i l an a n d of th e pl a in o f S a roch The .
’
p a ss a ge describin g the a ssembly o f the w a rriors by K a i

K h usr a u for his expedition a g a inst Afr asy ab is a lso note
2
worthy :
‘
A fter G u s t a h a m c a me As h k a s h H is a rm y w a s
from the w a nderers of the Koch a n d B a loch intent o n ,
w a r a n d with ex a lted cock scomb crests whose b a ck none ,
in the world ever s a w Nor w a s on e of their fingers b a re

.
1
o wlt
g
r a
2
See s up r a , p . 22 .
A H I S T O RI CAL AN D E T H N OLO GI C A L SK E T CH 27
of a rmour . H is b a nner bore the figure o f a tiger

This p a ss a ge is interesting a s showi n g the crest borne by
the Ba l o c h e s a lluded to a bove a s possibly expl a ining the
,
1
me a ning o f their n a me .
The a llusion under N a ush i rv an is more import a nt

histor i c a lly This King i s not a mythic a l person a ge he is
.
,
the Ch o sro e s o f the cl a ssic a l writers who fough t a g a inst

Justini a n a n d w a s only kept within bound s by the genius
,
of Belis a riu s ; a n d F i rd a us i described h i s exploits a s a ccu

ra t e ly a s w as possible to him H e represents N a ush i rv an .
a s m a k i ng w a r a g a inst the A l ans who lived ne a r the ,
C a sp i a n Se a ; he then tr a nsports him suddenly to the

river o f Hi ndu st a n (no doubt the Indu s ) whence he ,
returne d a fter receivin g the submission o f the people O n .
his return he w a s met by the news th a t the country w a s

being l a i d w a ste by the Ba lo c h e s a n d Gi l an i s a n d deter ,
mined to subdue them T urning first a ga inst the Ba l o c h e s .

,
he le a rnt from a Dehk an th a t his predecessor A rd a sh i r ,
( presum a bly A rd a sh i r B ab a k an ) h a d in v a in tried to ,
subdue them N a ush i rv an however surrounded their

.
, ,
mount a in s with his troop s a n d ordere d them to destroy ,
2
every B a loch gre a t o r sm a ll This w a s c a rried o u t s o
,
.
,
th a t there w a s not a B a loch left o n the mount a ins a n d ,
their oppressions a n d tyr a nny d i s a ppe a red ( This i s the .
2
re a din g o f the oldest M S but the text used by Mohl
re a ds M the oppression o f the Koch inste a d of
,
‘
,
’
5;
3
w } p
e O ppres sion a n d
k "
, L a ter o n however , ,
we find th a t the Ba l o c h e s were by no m e a ns extermin a ted ,
but were serving in N a u sh i rv an s a rmy a n d to g ether with ’
, ,
the men o f G i l were dr a wn up a rmed with golden shield s

,
1 M ajor P Moleswor th S yk es h a s dra w n m y a ttent i on to the fa ct

.
th a t the t ig er b a nner a l so furn i shes a v a lu a ble i nd i c a t i on a s to the

-
home of the B a l och the t ig er be in g found onl y o n the shores o f the

,
C a sp i a n .
2 Some MSS h a ve ever y Koch a n d some a dd th e Kurds a s

.
‘
,
’ ‘
w ell .
3 Br i t i sh Museum a ddl D a ted a bout A H 6 7 5 . . .

.
,
28 T HE B AL O C H R AC E
to receive the a mb a ss a dor o f the K h aq an o f C h i n O n .
a nother occ a sion we fin d th a t the King s friend s a n d free

’
m en m a rched tow a rds Adh a r b ada g an ( Adh a rb a i jan ) wi t h

-
a force m a de up o f contingents from G i l an D a i l a m an the , ,
mount a ins o f the B a loch the pl a in of S a roch a n d t h e

,
swordsmen o f Koch The n i n some texts but not i n the

.
, ,
best M S follows a p a ss a ge to th e e ffect th a t up till th a t

.
,
time since the worl d w a s the world there h a d never been

, ,
1
a s i ngle Koch who did not pill a ge a n d burn the town s .
The n a rr a tive a fter rel a ting the conquest o f the Ba l o c h e s

,
by N a ush i rv an cont i nue s to give a n a ccount o f his w a r

—
,
a g a i nst the men o f G a d Da a

i l n i l m th a t i s t o s ay o f ,
G i l an a n d Adh a rb a i jan Th i s a ssoc i a tion o f the B a loch

.
with th e r a ces ne a r th e C a sp i a n Se a seem s to m a ke i t

prob a ble th a t they w ere t hen loc a ted i n a more northerly
prov i nce th a n K a rm an where th ey a re next he a rd of
,
.
Fird a u s i m ust h a ve dr a wn this description from the

tr a ditions Ha d h e been d escribing the B a loch simply a s
.
they were i n h i s o w n time h e would cert a inly h a ve shown

,
them a s occ u pying K a rm an a n d the L u t a n d plundering ,
the routes le a ding tow a rd s S i st an a n d Kh ur as an ; there

would n o t h a ve been a n y especi a l a ssoc i a t i on with the
Gi l an i s .
The f a ct th a t the n a m es o f B a loch a n d Koch a re

frequently coupled by F ird a u s i i s not necess a r i ly a p roof
th a t th i s w a s a nything m ore th a n a method o f spe a king
prev a lent i n h i s d a y In the oldest M S o f th e poem
. .
th e n a m e Koch occurs very seldom a n d n ot a t a ll in the ,
p a ss a g e describing th e conquest of the B a loch by N a u

s h i rv an It i s prob a ble th a t i n m a ny p a ss a ges l a ter
.
copyists introduced the n a me a s the phr a se Koch a n d ,

‘
B a loch h a d become custom a ry in their time ; a n d this

’
a ssoc i a tion o f n a me s w a s due simply to the f a ct th a t th e
two r a ces h a d settled ne a r e a ch oth er in K a rm an a lthough ,
1
I t i s worth not i n g th a t a ll the p a ss a g es in wh i ch the n a me Koch
a ppe a rs a r e subj ect to g re a t v a r i a t i on i n the M S S wh il e the n a m e .
,
B a loch a ppe a rs throu ghout w i thout v a r i a t i on .

th a t they were a lre a dy settled there when the A r a b co n

que st took pl a ce thre e h undred ye a rs before The B a loch .
occup i ed a territory a dj a cent to th a t o f t h e Koch b ut were .
,
’
quite distinct fro m them M a s ad i only s a y s th a t h e i s

1
.
not a ble to give a n y a ccount o f the Oa f s th e B a loch a n d , ,
the J a tt ( Z utt) wh o dwell i n the regions o f K a rm an H e

,
.
i s the only wr i ter wh o m entions J a t t s in K a rm an a l l other ,
a ccounts sh ow i ng th em a s occupy i ng M e k ran a t th a t perio d .
?
Is t a k h ri g i ve s fuller det a il s H e de scribes t h e Koch a s
l i v i ng i n th e mount a ins while th e B a loch inh a bited th e ,
desert Both r a ces spoke l a ngu a ge s o f the i r o w n distinct

.
from Persi a n which w a s th e ordin a ry l a n gu a ge of K a rm an

, .
T he vers i on tr a nsl a ted by O u s e l e y puts the desert inh a bited

by the B a loch to the south of the mount a i n s a n d tow a rds ,
M e kran a n d th e s e a ; a n d o n e p a ss a ge i n the A r a bic vers i on

—
be a rs th i s o u t v iz : K a r m an i s bordered o n the e a st by
.
Muk a r am a n d the desert bet ween Muk a r am a n d the s e a

,
tow a rd s th e B ul u s ( B a loch ) b ut further o n i t s ays The

Bul u s live o n the t a blel a n d o f the Q u fs Mount a ins a n d no ,
on e else enters the se mou n t a i n s they h a ve c a ttle a n d

tents l i ke the B edu i n a n d th e routes through their country
,
a re n o t uns a fe The Q u fs it s a ys a re believed t o be O f

.
’
,
’
,
’
A r a b descent a n d l i ve under their o w n chiefs
,
Further .
south a g a i n l i ve s a nother r a ce a pp a rently d i st i nct fro m

, , ,
both Koch a n d B a loch A ccording to the Persi a n version .
they i nh a b i t the mount a in s ne a r H urm u z a n d a re robbers , ,
s a id to be A r a bs b y ori g in while in th e A r a bic version we

3
re a d The inh a bit a nts o f the Q ar a n o r Barfe n Mount a i n s
were Z oro a str i a n s during th e rule of the A m aw i Kh a l i f a s ;
they would not submit a n d were m ore cunn i ng th a n th e ,
inh a bit a nts o f the Oa fs Mount a ins They were converted .
'
under th e r ule o f th e A bb as i Kh a l i fa s This r a ce i s .
’
evidently th e Ahw as o r H a w as o f Idr i s i The Pers i a n .
1
M a s i i di , F rench tr a nsl a t i on , iii 2 5 4
‘
. .
M o rdt m an n s Ist a k h ri ( H a mbur g 1 8 4 5 pp 7 7 ’

’
a n d Ous e l e y s
2 ‘ ’
, , .
,
‘
I bn H a u k al ,
’
pp 1 4 3 1 4 6 ( T h i s i s a Pers i a n vers i on of
.
, .
3 T he or C ol d Mount a i ns a ccord i n g to I dri si .

,
A H IS T O RI CA L A ND E T H N OLO GI CAL SK E T CH 31
version a dds th a t Q ufs i n A r a bic is the s a me a s Koch i n

P ersi a n a n d th a t these two peoples
,
— o n e in the mount a in s
a n d the other in the desert

— a re commonly spoken of
j ointly a s Koch a n d B a loch Both versions a gree in .
describing the B a loch a s better beh a ved th a n their n eigh

bours a n d a s not infesting th e ro a ds ; b ut it is impossible
,
to a ccept this st a tement a s f a ct It i s perh a ps due to the .
a ccident a l u se o f a neg a tive by a Copyist a n d one a uthority ,
h a s prob a bly reproduced it from a nother without question .
Is ta kh ri a lso in h i s a ccount o f Si ji s t an g i ves a list o f

, ,
the p rov i nces o f th a t country a mon g wh i ch two ( Nos 1 9 , .
?
a n d 2 2 ) a re described a s country o f the B a loch ( o k ) ‘ ’
a
T he desert infested by the B a loch seems i n re a lity to h a ve

been not th a t to the south o f the K a rm an Mount a ins but ,
the gre a t desert n o w known a s the L u t which lies north ,
a n d e a st of K a rm an a n d sep a r a tes it from Khor as an a n d

,
Sist an . Idr i si who w a s a c a reful writer s a ys th a t the ,
—
,
Koch Mount a ins were inh a bited by a s va ge r a ce a sort

a
o f Kurds — while the B a loch live to the north a n d some ,
?
to the west o f them H e a dds th a t they a re pro s
p e ro u s h
, a ve much c a ttle a n d a re fe a red by their neigh ,
bours a n d a lso confirms the st a tement th a t the y do n o t

,
infest the ro a ds Y aku t is in subst a nti a l a g reement with

.
?
Idr i s i H e a lso comp a res the Koch to the Kurds a n d ,
quotes a n A r a bic poem a s follows : Wh a t wild regions ‘
h a ve we tr a versed inh a bited by J a t t s ( Z u t t ) Kurds a n d

, , ,
s a v a ge Q ufs H e give s a long a ccount o f the Q u fs quoted ,
from e r Rohin i in which he tr a ces them to pre Isl a m i c

-
,
-
A r a b s o f Y emen a n d s a ys the y h a ve never h a d a n y

,
religion either p a g a n or Mu h a mm a d a n
, H e spe a ks of .
them a s irrecl a im a ble s a v a ges a n d s a ys it would be well ,
to extermin a te them H e a dds th a t they do S how som e .
‘
respect to A l i but onl y out o f imit a tion o f their neigh
,
bours This gives rise to a suspicion th a t they m a y h a ve

.
1
M o rdt m a n n
’
s p . 115 .
2
J a ubert s E dri s i i 4 28 42 9
’ ‘
,
’
.
, .
3
I o w e the reference to Y ak ut to the k i ndness of Mr E lli s . .
32 TH E B ALOCH R AC E
bee n Sh i a s a n d th a t e r Rohi n i h a d som e gru dg e a g a inst

,
-
them . Yak u t a l so quote s e l Bish ar i a s cl a ssify i n g the -
mount a in s o f K a rm an i nto those o f th e Koch the B a loch , ,
a n d t h e Q ar a n which corresponds with the descr i ption o f

,
Is t a kh ri H e s a ys th a t the Koch ( Q u fs ) a re t a ll slender

.
,
people who c a ll them selves A r a bs g i ven to a l l sorts o f

, ,
wickedness b a rb a rous a n d cruel a n d liv i n g by plunder

, , .
The B ulfi s were formerly the most terrible o f the m a r a ud

i ng tribes but were destroyed by A d a d u d d a ul a wh o
,
1 -
’
-
,
a lso slew a gre a t number o f the Q u fs They c a ll them .
s el v es M u s a l m an s ( this a pp a rently refers to the Q u fS) but ,
a re m ore bitter a g a inst M u s a lm an s th a n a re th e Greeks
a n d T urks .
Y ak u t spe a ks of th e B a loch under a sep a r a te he a d ing

( u g h) a n d g ive s a more f a vour a ble a ccount o f them H e s a ys
,
.
the y resemble the Kurd s live between F ars a n d K a rm an , ,
a n d a re dre a ded by th e s a v a ge Oa f s who fe a r no o n e el se , .
The B a loch he s a ys a re rich er a n d more c i vi li z ed th a n

, ,
the i r neighbours live in go a tskin tents a n d do not plunder

, ,
a n d fight like the Q u fs .
In a ddition to Ada du d d a ul a D a i l a m i h i s uncle Mu Iz ’

-
,
z u d d a ul a wh o d i ed A H 3 5 6 a l so c a me into collision with

’
-
,
. .
,
th e wild tr i bes of K a rm an c a lled by some Kurd s a n d by ,
others Koch a n d B a loch H e lost his left h a nd a n d the .
fingers o f th e righ t i n conflict with them a n d w a s thence ,
or m a imed ?
c
known a s Aqt a
The B a loch n o doubt possessed horse s a n d r a ided fa r
, ,
a fiel d a s their d escend a nts h a ve done ever since

, They .
crossed the desert into Khor as an a n d S i st an a n d the ,
f a ct th a t two of the province s of S i st an were a lre a dy in

Is ta kh ri s time k nown a s B a loch country shows th a t they
’
h a d begun to e st a bli sh themselves there D uring the reign .
of M a hm u d Gh a zn a v i they roused th e wr a th o f th a t
m on a rch by robbing h i s a mb a ss a dor on the w a y to Ka r
m an between Ta b b a s a n d K h a b i s
, M a h m fi d sent his s o n .
1
T he D a il a mi ( Bu w a i h i ) w ho re igned A H 3 3 8 3 7 2 (A D 9 4 9
, . .
-
. .
2
T a r ikh i Y af a i quoted b y Ra v e rt y T a b e kat i N asir i i 6 0 ( note )
- -
, ,
‘ - -
,
’
. .
'
M a s ii d a g a inst them wh o fin a ll y defe a ted them ne a r

,
K h a b i s which lies o n the edge o f the desert a t the foot

, ,
?
of the K a rm an Mount a ins O n a nother occ a sion these
robbers were disposed of by a llowing them to c a pture
sever a l lo a ds o f poisoned a pples which they devoured , .
The chron i cler a pproves o f this a s a ple a s a nt a n d ingeniou s

scheme for getti n g rid of them .
Fird a us i who lived a t this time a t T ri s ne a r Meshhed

, , ,
i n Kho ras an must h a ve been f a mili a r w i th the n a me o f

,
t hes e m a r a uders a n d this knowledge must h a ve g iven

,
point to th e descriptions i n the Sh ah n am a a lre a dy ‘ ’
a lluded to .It is possible th a t perm a nent settlements m a y

have been m a de by the Ba l o c h e s in K h or as an a s well a s
in S i st an . E ven in the present da y a ccording to L ord ,
C urz on there is a consider a ble B a l och popul a tion a s fa r

,
?
nor th a s Turb a t i H a id a r i -
C ert a in it is th a t soon a fter the a bove quoted a ccou n t s -
were written there w a s a wholes a le migr a tion o f the

Ba l o c h e s from Kerm an a n d th ere is some re a son to
,
believe th a t before est a blishing themselves in Me kran a n d

o n t h e Sindh frontier they m a de a tempor a ry settlemen t
in S i st an S u ch a moveme n t h a d a lre a dy be g un a s the

.
,
n a mes o f the prov i nces in S i st an given b y Is t a k h ri show ;

a n d l a ter o n the a uth or o f the Ta b a k at i N asir i note s
‘ ’
- -
th a t he h a lted i n S i st an a t a pl a ce c a lled Gumb a z i B a loch - -

,
a sli g ht indic a tion but su fficient to show their presence

,
in the country T here i s however no historic a l evidence

.
, ,
a s to wh a t h a ppened to the Ba l o c h e s during this period
previous to their a ppe a r a nce in Sind which is first men ,
t i o n e d in the middle o f the thirteenth century .
It seem s prob a ble th a t there were two movements o f t h e

B a loch r a ce in this period e a ch o f which corresponded ,
with a con quest a ffecting a gre a t p a rt o f the A si a tic world . .
The first w a s the a b a ndonment of K a rm an a n d the settle

ment in S i st an a n d Western Ma kr an corresponding with ,
1
J am i u l h i k ay at i n E D ii 1 9 3 1 9 4
-
. .
,
.
,
.
Curz o n s P ers i a 1 89 2 i 2 0 3
2 ’ ’
, , . .
34 T HE B ALO CH R AC E
the S e ljuq inv a s i on a n d the overthrow o f the D a il a m i

a n d Gh a z n a w i power in Persi a ; the second move w a s to
E a stern M e kran a n d the Sindh border corresponding w i th ,
the i nv a sion s o f C h a ngiz Kh an a n d the w a nderings of

J a l a lu ddi n M a n gb arn i In M a kr an .
This secon d movement introduced the Ba l o c h e s first

i nto th e Indus V a lley a n d prep a red th e w a y for the third
,
a n d l a st mi g r a tion by which a gre a t portion of the B a loch

,
r a ce w a s precip i t a ted i nto the pl a in s of Indi a The l a st .
movement corresponds i n i ts commencement w i th the

c onquests o f T a im u r a n d in its l a ter developments w i th the
,
i n v a sions o f Indi a by B ab a r a n d the Argh un s .
A lthough historic a l d a t a a re w a nting their pl a ce is to ,
s ome extent suppl i ed by tr a d i tion wh i ch a mong the ,
B a l o c h e s e speci a lly th e tribe s o f the Sul a im a n Mount a ins

, ,
is full a n d circum st a nti a l a n d cont a ined in numerou s ,
?
h ero i c b a ll a d s of a nc i ent d a te The tr a dit i on a l n a rr a tive ,
a s far a s i t posse sse s a n y v a lue m a y be s a id to commence ,
w i th the soj ourn i n S i st an B efore th a t the l egend simply .
a sserts th a t the B a l o c h e s were descended from M i r H a m z a ,
th e Prophet s uncle a n d from a P a ri a n d th a t the y took

’
, ,
'
rt i n the w rs f A l i s sons g i nst Y z i d n d fough t

’
p a a o a a a a
a t Kerbel a . This i s merely th e introduction the descent ,
from some Muh a mm a d a n not a ble o r from someone men

t i on e d i n the Q ur an which i s considered necess a ry to
-
,
every respect a ble Mus a lm a n r a ce j ust a s the Ka lh o ra s of ,
Sindh a n d the D audpo t ra s o f B a h awa lpur cl a im descent

from A bb as a n d the son s o f H ind u s converte d t o M uh a m
'
m a da n i s m a re c a lled Shei k _h a n d blossom i nto Q ure s h i s o f

,
the p urest blood Between Kerbel a a n d S i st an there is a

.
g pa , a n d the settlement in the l a tter is re a lly the st a rting

point o f the legen d The Ba l o c h e s a re represented in the
.
old b a ll a ds a s I h a ve a lwa ys he a rd the t a le rel a ted a s

, ,
a rr i ving in S i st an a n d being hospit a bly received by a King
n a med S h a m s u d d i n A fter a time a nother King a rose

’
-
.
1
A s fa r a s I a m a w a re a ll the b a l l a ds of th i s n a ture h a ve been
,
c ollected a mon g the Northern B a l o ch e s a d n one i n M e k an ,

n r .
A H I S T O RI CAL A N D E T H N OLO GI CAL SK E T CH 35
n a med B a dru d d i n who persecuted a n d drove them out

’
-
, .
N o w there re a lly w a s a M a lik o f S i st an a n independent

, ,
ruler o f the dyn a sty cl a imin g descent from the Sa ffari s ,
n a med S h a m s u d d i n who died in A H 5 5 9

’
H e is de -
,
. . .
?
scribed a s a cruel tyr a n t h a ted by his people It is quite ,
possible th a t he m a y h a ve utiliz ed the services of the

Ba l o c h e s who were cert a inly settled to some extent in
,
S i st an a t this time a s mercen a ries to upho l d h i s power , .
B a dr u d d i n is not s o e a sily identified

’
-
.
A bout thirty ye a rs a fter S h a m s u d d i n s de a th S i st an

’ ’
-
bec a me trib ut a ry to the Ghor i kings (A H who m a in . .
t a i n e d their power until C h a ng i z K h a n dev a st a ted th e

country but the M a liks o f S i ji s tan continued to rule
,
under them There w a s a B a dru d d i n Kid an i a mong the

.
’
-
M a liks of Ghiy asu d d i n Ghor i but it is impossible to sa y ’

-
,
whether he ever h a d power in S i st an Bu t it seems most .
prob a ble th a t the convul sions a ttending C h a ngi z Kh a n s ’
inv a sion forced most of the B a loch tribe s out of S i st an ,
a n d a lso drove e a st a n y who m a y h a ve still lingered in
K a rm an The whole legend is b y some a uthorities loc a ted

.
?
i n K a rm an a n d not in S i st an , B ut I h a ve never myself
met with this version a mong the Ba l o c h e s Th a t a gre a t .
migr a tion a mon g the tribes took pl a ce a t this period does

n o t a dmit o f doubt Within thirty o r forty ye a rs we re a d .
o f Ba l o c h e s r a id i ng in Sindh where they h a d previousl y ,
been unknown .
The legend i s to the e ffect th a t Ba dr u d d i n dem a nded ’

-
a bride from e a ch of the forty four bo la ks of the Ba l o c h e s -

.
They pretended to a g ree but sent him forty four boys ,

-
dressed a s g irls a n d themselves m a rched o u t o f the ,
country to a void his ven g e a nce when the deception w a s

discovered H e however sen t the boys b a ck to their
.
, ,
1
See Ra v e rt y N asir i i 1 8 9 ’
s
‘
T a b a kat i - -
,
’
. .
2
S e e H etu R a m Be l ochi n am a T r a ns D ou i e ; L a hore p 1 6 1‘ ’
-
.
,
. .
, ,
1 885 .H R gi ves the n a me of the B a loch le a der under S h a m

. .
,
su d di n a s Ilm a s h R umi a n d th a t of h i s son un der B a dru d d i n

’
-
, , ,
’
-
,
a s Gul C h i r agh .
36 T HE B ALOC H R A C E
f a milies but pursued the tr i bes into Kech M a kr an a n d w a s

,
-
,
defe a ted by them there In Ma kr an the Ba l o c h e s fought .
a g a inst a ruler n a m ed H ar i n or H arfi n prob a bly a n A r a b ,
o f the co a st a s th e pl a ce where the fight took pl a ce i s

,
n a m ed H ar i n b a nd a r o r th e port o f H ar li n
-
A nother , .
'
n a me i n the b a ll a ds is J a g i n wh i ch is a pl a ce o n the ,
co a st of M a kr an n o t fa r from J ask The origin a l tr i bes

, .
o f M a kr an seem to h a ve been m a inly J a tts a n d a t the time ,
o f the A r a b conquest they a re frequently a lluded to under
the n a me o f Z utt a n d no doubt som e A r a b settlements

h a d been m a de then a s now on the co a st Th a t some , ,
.
o f the se tribes were destroyed a n d others a bsorbed a n d
a ssimil a ted by the B a loch inv a ders i s extremely prob a ble ,
but we a re without a n y inform a tion a s to wh a t extent this

took pl a ce B ut th e le g end a ry a ccount refers the origin
.
of the m a i n div i s i ons of the B a loch r a ce to this period .
M i r J a l al Kh an son o f J i a n d is s a id to h a ve been ruler

, ,
over a l l the Ba lo c h e s H e left four sons n a med Rind .

, ,
L ash ar H ot a n d Kor ai a n d a d a u g hter n a med J a t o who

, , , ,
w a s m a rried to his n ephew Mur ad These five a re the .
eponymous founders of the five gre a t division s o f the r a ce ,
the Rinds L a s h ari s H ots K o rai s a n d J a t oi s There a re

, , , , .
,
however some tr i bes which c a nnot be brough t w i thin a n y

,
of these division s a n d a ccord i ngly we find a nce stors duly ,
provided for them in some gene a logies T wo m ore sons

—
.
a re a dded to the list Ali a n d B ulo From B ulo a re .
descended the B ul e dh i s a n d from Al i s two sons Gh a z a n ,

’
,
c
an d U m a r a re der i ved the Gh a z a n i M a rr i s a n d the

,
c
U m a ran i s ( now sc a ttered a mong sever a l tr i bes ) I m ay .
here note th a t the gene a log i e s g i ven i n the Tu h fa t u L ‘ ’
Kir am seem to be a pocryph a l a n d a re not in a ccord a nce

1
,
with B a loch tr a dition It is there a sserted th a t Ja l al u d .

’
d i n w a s o n e o f fift y brothers a n d th a t he received one h a lf ,

-
o f the inher i t a nce th e rest t a king h a lf between them a n d , ,

-
1
See E D i 33 6 T hi s i s the tr a d i ti on a l l uded to b y Colone l
. .
,
. .
Moc k ler ( J A S B 1 89 5 pa r i p
. . T he T u h fa tu l Ki r am i s
. .
, ,
. .
,
.
’
-
a l a te e ig hteenth centur y comp i l a t i on -

.
There i s a long list of Somr a kings in th e C hron i cles no ,
less th a n five of whom bore the n a me o f Dod a The .
chronology is very uncert a in but Dod a IV seems to h a ve , .
reigned a bout the middle of th e thirteenth century

( A .H . In the time of h i s f a ther Kh a f if a body of
Ba l o c h e s entered Sindh a n d a llied themselves with two ,
loc a l tr i bes the S o dh as a n d Jh a re jas When Do d a IV

, . .
succeeded the Ba l o c h e s a n d Jh a re jas for sook the So dh a

,
a lli a nce , a n d supported him In the time of U m a r the .

,
next king w e a g a in find th e Ba l o c h e s entering into a com

,
bin a tion with th e Sa m m as S o dh as a n d Ja t t s ( Jh a re jas ) , , ,
but this did not l a st long The Sa m m as m a de term s for .
them selves a n d their a llies h a d to subm i t wh i ch prob a bly

, ,
me a n s th a t th e Ba l o c h e s ret i red into the mount a ins .
There is no evidence th a t they m a de a n y perm a nent settle

m ent in the pl a in s a t this t i me In th e reign o f Dod a V . .
the Somr a rule w a s fin a lly overthrown a n d the power ,
p a ssed into th e h a nds o f the S a m m as who e st a blishe d ,
wh a t i s known a s the J am dyn a sty Th i s event took pl a ce .
prob a bly a t th e end o f the th irteenth cent u ry while A l au ,

‘
d d i n Kh a lj i w a s reigning a t Delh i A S tory evidently

’
-
.
,
derived from popul a r folklore is tol d in the T ar i kh i ,

-
’
M a s u m i ( written c i rc A D 1 6 0 0 ) a bout Dod a s extr a ordin a ry
‘
. . .
a dventures
?
H e wins th e f a vour o f Sul t a n M a u dud o f
Gh a zn i by h i s power of seein g through men s bodies ’
which en a bles him to fi s h o ut t w o sn a ke s which the Sul ta n

h a d sw a llowed a n d is fin a lly restored to his dominions
,
.
Possibly the legend referred origin a lly to Dod a I who .

,
live d while the Gh a zn a v i dyn a sty still existed ( his de a th

?
is pl a ced i n A H 4 8 5 while M a s ii d III w a s rei g nin g )
. .
,
‘
.
This story begins w i th th e esc a pe of Dod a from his ene m ies

a n d his crossing th e r i ver Indus .
1
See T ari kh i M a sum i E D i ; a l so E D i p 4 84 a ppend i x ;
- -
’
, . .
, . . .
,
. .
,
M u n t a k h a b u t t a w ari kh Ibi d
’
-
.
2 E
D i 22 1
. .
,
. .
3
R a v e rt y J A S B , 1 89 2 p 2 2 5 ( note ) s a y s th a t D od a w a s
. . . .
, ,
.
,
contempor a r y wi th Abdu r r a sh i d of G h a z n i ( A H ‘
H e does not
’
- . .
ment i on the a uthor i t y .

A H I S TORI CAL A ND E T H N OLO GI CAL SK E T CH 39
T o turn now to the B a loch legend of th e origin the of
Dod ai s Dod a Somr a w a s turned out o f Th a th a b y his

.
brethren a n d esc a pe d b y swimmin g his m a re a cross the

,
Indus H e c a me h a lf froz en in the morning to the b u t of

.
a Rind n a med S al b e who took him down from the m a re , ,
a n d to revive him put him under the bl a nkets with h i s

, ,
d a ughter M udh o H e a fter wa rds m a rried him to M u dh o

.
,
a n d a s the b a ll a d s a ys For the wom a n s s a ke the m a n ‘ ’
, ,
bec a me a B a loch who h a d been a J a tt a Ja gh da l a

, , ,
nobod y ; h e dwelt a t H a rr a nd under the hills a n d f a te ,
m a de him the chief o f a l l H is descend a nt s were th e .

’
Do dai tribe which took a le a din g pl a ce a mong th e Ba l o c h e s

,
i n the South P a nj ab a n d his s o n Go ri s h g a ve his n a me t o

,
the Gorsh an i or Gurch an i tribe , ,

.
It m ay be conj ectured th a t a t the bre a k u p of the Somr a -
p ower a section o f the tribe he a ded by their chief Dod a , ,
a llied i t self wi t h the B a l o c h e s who were then in M e kran ,
a n d in the mount a ins a dj oining Sindh a n d becoming , ,
gr a du a ll y a ssimil a ted ultim a tely took their pl a ce a s a ,
B a loch tribe A lthough the y a re Ba l o c h e s in a ppe ar a nce

.
,
an d spe a k the B a loch i l a ngu a ge it h a s a lw a y s been ,
recognised th a t th e G u rc h an i s ( now the princip a l tribe of

Dod ai or i gin ) a re not of pure blood The M i rran i s a nothe r .
,
Dod ai tribe long of g re a t import a nce whose chiefs wer e ,
for two hundred ye a rs N a w ab s of Der a Gh azi K h a n a re ,
now broken up a n d dec a yed .
In a ddition to the five m a in tribe s a n d the others j us t

men t ioned there a re a l so a few tribes of lower st a tu s
,
which a re supposed to represent the four servile bo la ks ,
which were a ssoci a ted with the forty B a loch b o l a k s These .
a re the G O pan s D h ti G adh i G h l d perh p s

g a s s s , o o s a n a , , ,
some othe rs The B a loch n a tion th erefore a s it a ppe a red

.
, ,
in the fifteenth century o n the eve of the inv a sion of Indi a , ,
w a s m a de up o f the followin g elements

1
( ) T he five m a in bodie s of undoubted Ba loch descent
viz . the Rind L a sh ar i H ot Kor a i J a toi ;
,
—
, , , ,
( )
2 The group s a fterw a rds formed in M e rak n viz the ,
B u de dh i s , Gh a z a n i s , an d
‘
U m a ran i s
( 3 ) Th e Dod ai s ; a n d
( 4) The servile tribes .
And since th a t period the Gi c h ki s i n M e kran a n d t h e ,
J a k ran i s in Sindh see m to h a ve been a ssimil a ted in com

,
ra t i v e l modern time s
p a y .
Noth ing more is he a rd o f the Ba l o c h e s i n Sindh a fter

th e f a ll o f the S o m ras for ne a rly a hundred a n d fifty ye a rs ,
a lthou g h there m a y h a ve been occ a sion a l r a id s which a re
not recorded Their next a ppe a r a nce th ere is in the rei g n

.
of J am Tu gh la q ( A D 1 4 2 3 . when the y a re recorded a s

.
r a iding n e a r Bh a kh a r There w a s a t this period a n e w

.
feelin g of restlessness a bro a d o f w h ich T a i m u r s inv a s i on,

’
o f Indi a w a s the i nstig a ti n g c a use a s th e conque sts of the ,
S e ljuq s a n d of C h a ng i z K h an h a d been o f th e e a rlier

movements The rem a ins o f th e once powerful Tu gh l a q
.
mon a rch y o f Dehl i dis a ppe a red a n d a succession of feeble ,
rulers a llowed the L od i A fgh an s to seiz e the sovereignty ,
a n d opened a temptin g prospect to needy a dventurers fro m
beyond the border This led to inv a sion s o f Indi a from

.
three distinct sources First those o f B a ber a n d his

.
,
T urks S O c a lled Mugh a l s which culmin a ted in the es ta b

,
-
,
l i sh m e n t o f the Mugh a l E mpire ; secondly those o f the ,
A r g h ans he a ded b y Sh ah B eg which est a blished a tem

, ,
p o ra r
y dyn a sty in Sindh sweeping a w a y the S a
,
mm a J ams
an d ,
thirdly th a t of the Ba l o c h e s which though it did
, , ,
not est a blish a n y dyn a sty contributed a m ore i mport a nt ,
element to the pop ul a tion o f Northern Indi a th a n either o f

the others .
B efore their fin a l descent i nto Indi a th e Ba l o c h e s seem

to h a ve been in occup a tion o f the Kil at highl a nds n o w ,
held by th e Bra h oi s It seem s a t le a st prob a ble th a t their

.
w a rs w i th the Bra h o i s h a d some connection with their
onw a rd movement but their own tr a dition tell s u s nothi n g

,
o f it . It i s commonly a sserted by writers on t h e s ubject

th a t a H indu tribe c a lled Sew a w a s i n possession of Kil at ,
a n d th a t th ey c a lled in th e services of the Bra h oi s to

protect them a g a inst the B a l o c h e s Some hold the B ra h i o s .
A H I S T O RI CAL A ND E T H N OL O GI C A L SK ETC H 41
to be a borigines o f the countr y a n d this ide a seem s to be ,
b a sed o n the f a ct of their l a n g u a ge cont a inin g a strong

Dr a vidi a n element but the y themselves cl a im like th e
, ,
Ba l o c h e s to h a ve come from H a l a b
, It i s a t le a st a theory .
worthy of some consider a tion th a t the y a re identic a l with

the Koch the neighbours o f the Ba loch in K a rm an The
,
.
Koch a s we h a ve seen were often d e scribed a s very like

, ,
the Kurds a n d were sometime s even c a lled Kurd s There

,
.
is still a powerful tribe a mong the Bra h oi s be a rin g t h e

n a me of Kurd or Kird a n d a cl a n of K i rd s i s even found
, ,
a mong the B a loch M a z ar i T he Bra h o i l a n g u a ge is sti ll

.
—
c a lled by the Ba l o c h e s Kur g al i or Kir g l i th a t is th e
a -
,
-
,
l a n g u a g e o f the Kurds — a lthou g h it h a s no connection with

the Kurdish l a n g u a ge which is a n Ir a ni a n di a lect with
,
some points of resembl a nce to B a loch i It is h o w ever a t .

, ,
present impossible to do more th a n st a te a s a prob a bili t y , ,
th a t the Bra h oi s c a me from the we st a n d th a t t h eir ,
occup a tion o f the hi g hl a nd s h a d somethin g to do with the

B a loch descent on th e pl a ins The sep a r a tion bet w een the .
Northern Ba l o c h e s a n d those o f M e kran d a te s from this

period .
The movement of the tribes took on th i s occ a sion a

northerl y direction th eir obj ective being r a ther Multan a n d
,
the Southern P a n j ab th a n Sindh strictly s o c a lled .
The R a j put tribe n a med L a n g ah lo n g since converted

1
,
to Muh a mm a d a nism h a d est a blish ed a n independent

,
kingdom a t Mult an under th eir chief Ra i Sehr a ( A H 8 4 7 . .
A D
. . who took the title of Out bu d d i n H e w a s ’
-
.
s ucceeded in A H 8 7 4 b y his son

. . Sh ah H us a in who , ,
reigned till A H 9 0 8 ( A D . . It w a s durin g his reign

. .
t h a t the first settlement of B a l o c h e s in the P a n j ab w a s

m a de b y M a lik Sohr ab Dod ai who c a me to Mult an with ,
h i s sons Gh az i K h an F a t h K h an a n d Ism ai l Kh an , , ,
and a l a rge number of Ba l o c h e s Sh ah Hus a in e u .
c o u ra g e d them a n d g a ve them a j agi r extendin g from

1
F i i s h t a c a lls them A fgh ans but there seems no doubt th a t the y
r ,
w ere R ajp uts .

Kot K a ror to Dh a nkot ev i dently o n condition of milit a ry

,
serv i ce . O ther B a l o c h e s he a ring o f this c a me flocki n g

, ,
in a n d gr a du a lly O bt a ined posses sion o f the whole country

,
t —
between S i tpur a n d Dh a nko th a t is to s a y the present , ,
district o f M u z a fa rga rh bet w een the In du s a n d the C h a n ab .
The chie f a uthorities for these events a re F i ri sh ta s history ’
?
o f the Kin g s of Mult an a n d the T a b a k at i A kb a r i F i ri s h t a - -
c a lls the newcomers both Dod ai s a n d Ba l o c h e s a n d s ay s ,
th a t they c a m e from Kech a n d M a kr an Soon a fter this .
two brothers belonging to the S a mm a trib e J am B ay a z i d ,
a n d Jam Ibr ah i m who h a d qu a rrelled with J am N a nd a

,
( or Niz amu d di n ) the S a mm a ruler o f Sindh c a me a s

’
-
, ,
refugees to Sh ah Hus a in a n d a l so obt a ined j ag i rs V i z ,

— .
,
U c h h a n d Sh or Shorkot now in the Jh a ng district ) ,

.
J am B ay a z i d bec a me a person of gre a t influence a n d com

m a nder o f th e Sh ah s a rm i es A fter Sh ah Hu s a i n s de a th
’
.
’
a n d th e a ccess i on o f Sh ah M a hm a d he went into rebellio n .
A tempor a ry reconcili a tion took pl a ce but there seem s to ,
h a ve been a goo d de a l o f fr i ction between M a lik Sohr ab

Dod ai a n d Jam B ay a z i d This c i rcumst a nce is connected.
w i th the second settlement of Ba l o c h e s un der M i r C h ak a r

Rind whose n a me is celebr a ted a mon g a ll B a lo c h e s up t o
,
th e present da y .
2
M i r C h akur Rind a n d his s o n M i rz a Sh a hd ad ( o r a c cord ,
i ng to some his two sons Sh a h i d a n d Sh a hd a) c a me from

,
S i v i ( S i bi ) seeking serv i ce a n d l a nds M a lik Sohr ab Dod ai .

,
o u t of j e a l ous y prevented Sh ah M a h m u d from a ccepting

,
his services ; where upon J am B ay a z i d took up his c a use ,
a n d a ssi g ned h i m l a n ds from his o w n j ag i r of U c h h .
A ccording to th e legends M i r C h a kur h a d two sons n a me d ,
Sh a hz ad a n d Sh a i b a k Sh a hz ad w a s of mir a culous ori g in

.
,
his mothe r h a ving been oversh a do wed by some mysteriou s

1 E D . v 4 70 .
,
. .
T he n a me i s v a r i ously wr i tten Br igg s i n h i s tr a ns l a t i on gi ve s

.
, ,
M i r J a k a r Z a nd ; the li tho g r a phed L uc k now ed i t i on of F i i s h t a r
gi ve s 5 1 5 k 1 3" w h il e the Br i t i sh Museum M S N C 6 5 7 2 O r f

<
a a .
,
. . . .
6 1 4 gi ves i t a s
,
T he T ar ikh i Sher Sh ah i ( i n E D i v - -
. .
,
.
3 8 9 3 9 7 ) gi ves C h ak ur R i nd correctl y
-
.
A H I S T O RI CAL AND E T H N OLO GI CAL SK E TC H 43
power A m y stic a l poem in B a lochi on the ori g in o f

.
Mult an is a ttributed to him a s well a s one on th e s a ck of ,
Dehl i It is rem a rk a ble th a t Sh a hd ad is s a id by F i ri s h t a

.
to h a ve been the first to introduce the Sh i a creed into ‘
Mult an The riva lry between the Rind s ( Ch ak u r s trib e )

.
’
a n d the Dod a i s is a lso the subj ect of m a ny poems .
O ther poems formin g the bulk o f the legend a r y b a ll a ds

, ,
de a l with the w a r which took pl a ce between the Rinds a n d

L a s h ari s a n d a lso between both of them a n d the Turks ,
a n d a ssert th a t it w a s the loss of Sibi a n d K a chh i which
forced M i r C h akur a n d his Rind s to migr a te to the

Pa nj ab To underst a nd the true me a nin g o f these legends
.
it i s necess a r y to go b a ck to the inv a sion of Sindh by the

Argh un s —the T urks of the Ba loch story The A rgh a ns .
were a Mugh a l f a mily who cl a imed descent from C h a n g i z

Kh an Z u n n ii n Beg A rgh u n ro se to power a s Minister
.
’
-
under Sult an Hus a in Ba ika ra of H er a t o n e of the ,
descend a nts o f T a ima r H e obt a ined the Government of .
Q a nd a h ar where he m a de h imself pr a ctic a lly independent

,
.
The first inv a sion of K a chh i b y w a y of the Bol an P a ss , ,
took pl a ce in A H 8 9 0 ( A D Sh ah Beg comm a nded

. . .
-
o n beh a lf o f his f a ther a n d penetr a ted a s fa r a s the ,
Indus ; Jam N a nd a the S umm a C hief opposed him a n d , ,
defe a ted a n d drove him b a ck a t Ja l ugi r in A D . .
A fter Z u n n u n Be g S d e a th in w a r a g a in st the U zbegs Sh a h

’ ’ '
-
,
Be g wh o succeeded him w a s driven o ut o f Q a nd a h ar by

, ,
B ab a r in A D 1 5 0 7 a n d took refuge in Sh al a n d Must a ng

. .
,
a t the he a d of the Bol a n P a ss where he must h a ve come ,
into cont a ct with the Ba l o c h e s Sh a h B eg ultim a tely lost .
Q a nd a h ar a n d determined to build up a new throne for

,
himself in Indi a H e inv a ded Sindh in A H 9 1 7 ( A D 1 5 1 1 )

. . . . .
an d A H 9 27 (A D
. . overthrew the S a m m as a n d
. .
,
?
est a blished his power H e enlisted the services of some
o f the hill tribes prob a bly B a l o c h e s a n d we a lso re a d of
-
, ,
1
F or a g ood s k etch of the h i stor y o f th i s per i od see Gener a l ,
H a i g s The I ndus D e l t a C ountr y 1 89 4 p 8 4

’ ‘ ’
. .
, ,
S e e a lso E rsk i ne s L i ves of B ab a r a n d H um ay un 1 8 5 4 i 3 5 2

2 ’ ‘ ’
, ,
.
,
etc a n d the T a r ikh i M a s um i i n E D i 2 3 6

.
- -
’
. .
,
. .
a force o f B a l o c h e s serving under J am F eroz ; s o

th a t it is prob a ble th a t r i va l B a loch tribes fou g ht on
opposite S ides This i s borne o ut by B a loch legend a s
.
t o the riva lry between the Rind s a n d L a s h ari s in which ,
the T urks under Z un fi ( Z u n n fi n B eg) a n d the King o f ’

-
?
Sibi Jam Nind a pl a y a n import a nt p a rt
, , The Rinds were
under M i r C h akur a n d th e L a sh ari s under Gw a h a ram who
, ,
were riv a l s for the h a nd of the f a ir Goh a r the owner of ,
l a rge h erd s of c a mel s Goh a r preferred M i r C h akur a n d

.
,
th i s led to a qu a rrel A h orse r a ce in which the Rin ds

.
-
,
a re st a ted to h a ve won by trickery precipit a ted the out ,
bre a k . Some L a s h ari s killed som e o f Go h a r s y oung ’
c a mel s a n d C h ak u r thereupon swore revenge A desper a te

, .
w a r beg a n which l a sted for thirty ye a rs

,
A t first the .
R i nd s were defe a ted a n d the y seem to h a ve c a lled on th e

,
Turks for a i d but a fter v a rious fluctu a tions C h akur with

,
most of his Rinds left Sibi a n d m a de for t h e P a nj ab ,

.
The L a sh ari s rem a ined a t G a nd av a a n d some Rinds m a in ,
t a i n e d their posit i on a t Shor an both pl a ce s not fa r from ,
S i bi in the pl a in of K a chh i These events con stitute th e .
Il i a d of the B a loch r a ce a n d form the subj ect o f numerous ,
picturesque b a ll a ds which h a ve been h a nded down verb a lly

?
to th e pre sent d ay
It h a s been shown a bove h ow M i r C h akur a rrived a t
Mult an a n d how the riv a lry a rose between the Rind s a n d
,
the Dod ai s The legend a ry lore de a l s with this subj ect

.
a l so a n d it is st a ted th a t C h akur j oined H u m ay fi n a fter

,
w a rd s o n his m a rch to Dehl i a n d a t l a st settled down a t ,
S a t ga rh a ( in the Mont g omery District of the P a nj ab ) H is .
tomb still exists there a n d there is a consider a ble Rind ,
1
O n e b a l l a d represents C h akur a s t a k i n g refu g e w i th Sult an Sh a h
H us a i n of H a e v rSu l t an H us a i n of H er at ) .
2
Some of these I pub li shed wi th a tr a n sl a t i on i n m y Sketch o f the
Northern B a l och i L a n gu a g e ( J A S B extr a number ’
an d . . . .
, ,
others i n T he A dventures of M i r C h ak ur i ncluded i n T e mpl e s

‘
,
’ ’
‘
L e g ends of the Pun j ab vol ii Others h a ve been p r i nted a n d
,
’
. .
tr a nsl a ted b y the Rev T J L M a y er ( F ort Munro a n d Agr a 1 9 0 0

. . . .
,
an d
46 T HE B A LOCH R ACE
th e C hen ab the R av i a n d the S a t l a j a n d the Dod ai s a n d

, , ,
H ots up th e Indus a n d the Jehl a m B ab a r found th e .
Ba lo c h e s a s he st a tes i n his a utobiogr a phy a s e a rly a s

, ,
A D
. 1 5 1 9 a t Bher a a n d Khush ab
. a n d i t m a y be i nferre d
th a t these were Dod ai s fo r when Sher Sh ah a rrived a t ,
Kh ush ab in A D 1 5 4 6 in pursuit o f H u m ayfi n he w a s

. .
,
—
,
met by the three sons o f Sohr ab Kh a n V iz Ism ai l Kh an

—
.
, ,
F a t h Kh an a n d Gh az i Kh an a n d he confirmed to them
,
th e countr y o f Sindh by which must be understood

‘
,
’
—
Sindh in the loc a l u s e o f the word th a t i s th e l a nd s lying ,
a l ong the Indus th e D e ra jat where these brothers h a d

, ,
?
formed settlements Th e three towns o f Der a Ism a i l ‘
Kh an Der a Gh az i Kh an a n d Der a F a th Kh an still be a r

, ,
th eir n a m es a n d Gh az i Kh an s tomb I S a t the vill a ge o f

,
’
C hur a t ta ne a r Der a Gh az i Kh an The d a te i s lost but

, .
,
i t be a rs a n inscription of A kb a r s time I sm ai l Kh an h a d ’
.
to give up the l a nd s belonging to a holy m a n n a med

She i kh B ay a z i d S a rw ani of which h e h a d been in p osses ,
sion S ince the time of the L a n g ah s a n d received in ,
?
exch a nge the p a rg a n a o f N i n dun a in the Gh a kh a r country
In Akb a r s time there a re o cc a sion a l notice s o f expedi
’
t i ons a g a inst the Ba l o c h e s They do not se em to h a ve .
entered h i s milit a ry service a s the Persi a ns Mugh a l s a n d , ,
A fgh an s did a n d B a loch n a m es a re conspicuou s by their

,
a bsence in the list o f m a n s a bda rs in the Ai n i A kb a r i in - -

,
which on l y o n e n a me occurs —v i z P a h ar Kh an B a loch ,

-
,
comm a nder o f t wo hundred E ven this n a me is not .
B a loch i in ori g in .
A fter the Rinds h a d left K a chh i the L a s h ari s seem to

h a ve a ccomp a nied Sh ah Beg Arg h fi n a n d his successor
Sh a h H us a in in his w a rs a g a inst J am F ero z whom h e ,
pursued tow a rds Guj a r at a s the legen d represents them ,
a s inv a ding Guj a r at a n d a fterw a rd s returning to K a chhi

,
a n d obt a ining a gr a nt of Gu n d av a from the king The .
1
T ar ikh i Sher Sh ah i E D i v 3 88
- -
,
. .
, . .
2
T he a uthor of the T ari kh i Sher S h ah i w ho records th i s - -
,
’
, was
gr a ndson of She ikh B ay a zi d .

A H I S T O RI C A L AND E T H N OLO GI CAL SK ET C H 47
M a gh a s si tribe br a nch of the L a s h ari s still occupy th a t

,
a ,
nei g hbourhood O ther L a sh ari s must h a ve j oined the

.
inva ders of the P a nj ab a s a stron g L a sh ari cl a n is still

,
a tt a ched to the G u rc h an i s ( Dod ai s ) a n d the J i s tk an i s a , ,
cl a n of the L a sh ari s est a blished a princip a lity a t M a nker a

, ,
in the Sindh s ag a r Do ab In f a ct the e a rl y successes o f

-
.
,
the Rinds a n d Dod ai s seem to h a ve led to some t hing like

a n a tion a l migr a tion T he poems de scribe it in picturesque
.
l a ngu a ge
The noble R i nds were in B a mp u r in the grove s o f ,
Kech a n d M a kr an w i th the D o m b ki s the g re a test house

, ,
a mong the dwellings of the B a l o c h e s T he Rind s a n d .
L a sh ari s m a de a bond together a n d s a id : C ome let us ,
le a ve this b a rren l a nd ; let us s py o ut the runnin g stre a m s

a n d sweet w a ters a n d distribute them a m ong us ; let us
,
t a ke no heed o f tribe or chief The y c a me to th eir homes

.
,
the chiefs c a lled to their sl a ves L oose the slender chestnut ,
m a res from their st a lls s a ddle the young fill i e s steeds

,
—
—
worth nine thous a nd drive in the c a mels from the p a sses .
The w a rriors c a lled to their wives : C ome ye down from y our

c a stles bring o ut your beds a n d wr a ppings c a rpets a n d red
, ,
bl a nkets pillows a n d striped rugs cups c a st in the mould

, , ,
a n d drinking vessels o f M a kr an ; for C h akur will no longer

-
”
a bide here but seeks a fa r l a nd
, So the generous Rinds .
rode forth in their overco a ts a n d long red boots with ,
helmets a n d a rm pi e c e s bows a n d quivers silver knives

, ,
a n d d a g gers — fort y thous a nd o f them rode a t the M i r s c a ll ’

.
’
So the y sw a rmed down into the pl a ins seizin g the fertile ,
l a nds a n d g r a z in g ground s a n d a lw ays if possible keeping

-
, , ,
?
ne a r to a screen o f hills a s a shelter Some tribes w a n
dered fa r a field A mong th e first must h a ve been the
.
Ch an dya s who g a ve their n a me t o the tr a ct known a s

,
1
T he extent of the m i gr a ti on m a y be j ud g ed from the fa ct th a t a
recent census ( 1 89 1 ) sho w ed B a l o c h e s i n S i nd a n d the P a nj a b .
O nl y h a ve been enumer a ted i n the Kel at terr i tor y wh ile the ,
fi g ures for M e k ra n a n d Pers i a n B a l och i st a n not a ccur a tel y known , ,
m a y be rou ghl y p ut a t
48 TH E B A LO CH RA CE
C h andko a long the Indus j ust where the P a nj ab a n d S i ndh ,
meet The H ots pre ssed northw a rds a n d settled with the
.
,
Dod ai s a t Der a Ism a il Kh an wh ich th ey hel d for two ,
h undred ye a rs until deprived of it by P a th ans ; a n d th e

,
K u l ac h i s founde d the town which be a rs their n a me ne a r

b y It n o w belongs to the G a nd apur A fgh ans b ut th e
.
,
K u l ac h i s st i ll inh a bit th e countryside The Ji s tk an i s

’
.
,
a s h a s been seen settled in the s a ndy w a ste o f th e centr a l

,
Sindh S a g a r Do ab a n d south o f them the Mi rran i Dod ais

-
, ,
wh o were a lso N a w ab s o f Der a Gh azi Kh an till th e time of

N adir Sh ah Ma z ari s a re still fo u n d a t C h a tt a B a kh sh a
.
in Jh a ng Th e Rind s a re in l a rge n umbers i n the districts

.
of Mult an Jh a ng M u z a fa rg a rh Montgomery a n d Sh ahp ur ;

, , , ,
th e Ja t o i s a n d K o rai s a re S pre a d over the s a me districts ,
while th e Go pan g s a n d G u rm an i s a re concentr a ted in

M u g a fa rga rh These represent the descend a nts o f th e
.
tribe s which fol l owed M i r C h akur but others st a yed behind , ,
a n d some a re s a id to h a ve turned b a ck from Tulumb a i n
Mult an a n d recrossed the Indus wish i ng to keep n e a r th e ,
mount a in s C h akur i s s a id to h a ve inc i ted the Dod ai s to

.
a tt a ck the tribe s th a t refused to follow h i m a n d this w a r ,
is a l so the subj ect o f m a ny b a ll a ds The tr i bes which .
rem a ined o n the right b a nk o f the Indus a re th ose which

h a ve ret a ined th eir l a ngu a ge a n d their tr i b a l const i tution ,
while the rest h a ve in v a rying degree s become a ss i mil a ted

to their J a t t a n d R aj p at n eighbours ; a n d a s those wh o
spe a k B a loch i s ay : Those w h o followed C h akur h a ve
become J a t ta while those w h o st a yed beh i nd h a ve rem a ined
,
B a lo c h e s A n d this a l so expl a in s the prominence obt a ined

’
.
by th e Rind s The H ots Ja t o i s a n d Ko rai s p a ssed o n

.
, , ,
a n d their descend a nts a re found sc a ttered a s I h a ve a lre a dy ,
s t a ted Mo st of the L a sh ari s st a yed behind i n Me kran o r

.
K a chh i B ut the org a niz ed t um a n s which rem a i n to th e

—
.
,
present day in th e S ul a i m an s a n d the D e ra ja t V i z the .

,
M a rr i ,
Bu gh ti ( including Sh a m b an i ) ,
M a z ar i ,
A H I S TORI CAL A ND E T H N OLO GI CAL SK E T CH 49
Dr i sh a k ,
L und ( two t um a n s ) ,
L egh ar i ,
Khos a ,
Nutk an i ,
Bozd a r ,
K a sr an i
—a re m a in ly Rinds wh i l e on e —v i z the .
,
Gurch an i
i s Dod ai w i th Rind a n d L a sh ar i cl a n s a tt a ched to i t
, .
O f the tribes i n K a chh i an d North ern S i ndh the follow in g ,
a re R i nds
R i nd ( of Shor a n) i ncludin g the ,
Ghul am Bol a k o f Sib i ,
Dombk i U m a ran i , ,
Khos a Ch a n dya,
.
The M a gh a s si a re L a s h ari s the B ul e dhi ( or Bur di ) a

,
sep a r a te B a loch stem a n d the J a kr an i a ssim il a ted J a tt ;

,
the K a h i r i possibly S ayyids by origin a lso now a ssimil a ted

, , .
The Bul e dh i seem to h a ve a ccomp a nied the Rinds into

the Sul a im an H ills ; a n d th ere the country n o w occup i ed ,
i n p a rt by M a rr i s B ugh ti s a n d Gu rc h an i s w a s long a
, , ,
bone o f contention between them a n d the Go rge z h Rinds ,
a n d prob a bly the Ka l m a t i too The struggle between

, .
?
Go rg e z h a n d Bu l e dh i forms the subj ect o f song a n d le g end
A fter they were expelled from the hills they settled ne a r
the Indus where they h a d m a ny w a rs w i th the Ma z ar i
,
Rinds T heir countr y is known a s Burdi ka O ne o f the

. .
son g s a ttributed to B al ach Go rge z h in his w a r with the

Bu l e dh i s is worth quoting a s it expre sses t h e very S piri t
,
o f the B a loch o f th e mount a ins
The mount a ins a re the Ba l o ch e s forts these hills a re ’
better th a n a n a rmy The lofty hei g hts a re o u r comr a des

.
,
the p a thless g orges o u r friend s O ur dr i nk i s from the .
flowing springs our cups the le a f o f the ph i sh o ur beds

, ,
1
See the stor y of B al ach a n d the B ul e dh i s i n F o lk l ore 1 89 3
‘
,
’
,
p 2 00
. .
50 T H E B AL O CH R ACE
the thorny brush the ground o u r pillow My h orse i s

, .
my white s a nd a ls F o r my son s yo u m a y t a ke the a rrows

.
,
fo r my brethre n the bro a d sh i eld for my f a ther the w i de ,
wounding sword .
’
Th e Go rg e z h h a ve a l so p a ssed a w a y from the country

where th i s struggle took pl a ce a n d only a fr a gment of the ,
tr i be i s n o w found a t Th a l i ne a r Sibi The Ka lm a ti s , .
a fterw a rd s h eld the c ountry a n d were succeeded by the ,
H a s a ni who were broken up a bou t seventy ye a rs a g o by a

,
c omb i n a t i on b etween th e M a rr i s a n d B ugh ti s O nly a .
s m a ll body o f H a s a n i s n o w rem a i n s a s a cl a n a mong the
Kh e t ran s . The de serted v i ll a ge s o f the Ha sa n i s m a y st i ll

b e seen o n the pl a n o f N e s ao .
The settle m ent o f the Ba l o c h e s i n S in dh w a s very

extens i ve a n d perh a p s a qu a rter o f the popul a t i o n o f th a t
,
c ountry cl a i m s B a loch descent but l i ke those settled i n , ,
the P a nj ab pl a i ns they a re more o r less a ss im i l a ted to

,
the i r Ind i a n ne i ghbours The T alp ur ( properly Tal b ur) .
A m i rs wh o ruled Sindh a fter the overthrow o f the Ka l h o ra s ,
in the l a tter p a rt o f th e eightee n th century a re bel i eved to ,
be desce n ded from a br a nch o f the L e gh ari s o f C hot i ne a r ,
D er a Gh a z i Kh an where there i s still a Tal b u r ph a ll i

,
1
.
They seem to h a ve been i n a h umble pos i t i on when they

first c a me t o Sindh n o r i s t h e L egh ar i ph a ll i o n e o f a n y
,
import a n ce The n a me occurs i n a fr a gment of a n o l d

.
b a ll a d in a list o f servile tr i bes s a id to h a ve been presented ,
by M i r C h akur to h i s s i ster B an a r i a s a wedding port i on ,
a n d s e t free by h e r
‘
The Ki rds G a b o l s Ga da h i s the Tal b u rs a n d the
, , , ,
M a rr i s o f K ah a n a ll were C h a kur e S l a ves a n d he g a ve

,
’
them a s a dowry to B an a r i o n th e d ay o f w a shing her

h ead seven d a ys a fter th e weddin g ) but sh e s e t them
free a n d would n o t a ccept the g i f t i n God s n a me
,
’
.
’
L eech gives a nother vers i on o f this i ncluding a tr i be ,
1
See the i nteresti n g a ccount b y M i r N a s i r Kh an T al pur of , ,
H a i d a r ab ad i n E as t w i c k s D r y L e a ves f rom Y oun g Egy pt 1 85 1

,
’ ‘
,
’
Append i x V I Al so G ener a l H a i g s I ndus D e l t a C ountr y pp 1 2 1 1 2 2

.
’ ‘
,
’
.
,
.
A H I S T O RI CAL A ND E T H N OLO GI C A L SK E T CH 51
n a med Pa c h al o , an d a
th i rd version a dds the rotten bo n ed -
Bo z dars b ut evidently a rhyme like th i s is li a ble t o be

v a ried a ccordin g to th e prepossessions o f the reciter .
L eech s version however w a s obt a ined a t K a l at fifty ye a rs

’
, ,
before mine a n d m y t w o versions were O bt a ined from

,
di fferent tribes s o th a t it is pr o b a ble th a t the n a mes in

, ,
which a l l a gree a re old The word t alb u r me a ns wood

,
.
cutter from ta t a br a nch a n d bur a gh to cut

,
’
,
‘
A ,
’
-
,
‘
.
’
L und b a rd with a gre a t comm a nd o f gene a lo g ies tr a ces

, ,
M i r Bij a r Kh an T alpur to a n eponymic Tal b ur gr a ndso n ,
of B ulo which would m a ke them Bul e dhi s in origin ; but

, ,
a s a lre a dy st a ted the A m i rs them selves considered th a t

,
they were L e gh ari s .
Most o f the cl a ns which took p a rt in the gre a t mi g r a tion

left some o f their members behind a n d in Me kran a t the ,
present da y a re found Rinds L a sh ari s H ots Gi s h ka uri s , , , ,
a n d Bu l e d i s The gre a t Na u sh i rv ani tr i be m a y perh a ps be

.
cl a ssed a s B a loch a lthough gener a lly st a ted to be Persi a ns

, .
The B u l e di s ret a ined for long a n import a nt pos i tion a s the

rul i ng r a ce in Me kran but in the e a rly eighteenth century
,
they were displ a ced by the Gi c h ki s a tribe s a id to be o f ,
Indi a n origin a n d v a riously st a ted to be descended from

,
Sikh s or R aj puts T hey a re n ow cl a ssed a s Ba lo c h e s a n d

.
,
spe a k t h e B a loch i l a n g u a ge This a ffords a l a ter inst a nce .
o f a ss i mil a tion of the s a me n a ture a s th a t which took

,
pl a ce with reg a rd to the Dod ai s i n e a rlier times .
B ut little det a iled inform a tion a s to the B a loch tr i bes o f

Me kran i s to be g a thered from the a ccounts o f tr a vellers
1 ?
A s to S i st an a l so a ccounts a re v a gue a n d contr a dictory

,
1
U nfortu n a te ly , M e k ra n not i ncluded i n the scope of the censu s
w as
o f 1 9 0 1 a n d Mr Hu ghes Buller s report i ssued in 1 9 0 2 does not gi ve
, .
-
’
, ,
a n y det a i ls a s to the tr i bes of th i s prov i nce .
2
T he best a cco u nts a re those of St J ohn i n E a stern Pers i a 1 8 7 6 ; .
‘
,
’
B elle w (re g a rdi n g S i st an ) i n F rom the Indus to the T i gr i s 1 8 7 4 ;

‘
,
’
G ol d s m i d (i n E a stern ‘
F err i er ( C a r a v a n an d
‘
P ott i n g er T here i s noth i n g i n the w ork s of M a c gre g or or

P l o y er
. M a j or Molesworth S yk es h a s l a tel y p a i d a ttent i on to th i s
subject .
It i s however ge n er a lly a dm i tted th a t th e Ba l o ch e s hold a

, ,
pos i t i on o f gre a t i mport a nce there though n ot con s i dered ,
a borigin a l. F err i er however th ought th a t th e Ba l o c h e s

, ,
were the a borig i ne s o f S i st an a n d cl a ssed them a s follows

,
N e rv u i s ( N a h ri ci s) ,
R i nds ,
M e k si s M a gh a s s i s ) ,
an d he a lso i ncludes th e S a rb a n di s a s Ba l o c h e s ; but th i s

seems doub tful The S a nj a r an i o r Tok i a re a ll a gree a n
.
, ,
i m port a nt B a loch tribe but i t i s left doubtful wheth er the

,
M a m a s s an i s a re B a loch o r Bra h ii i The S h a h rki s a n d

.
S a rb a n di s a re s a i d to h a ve been brought i nto S i st an by

N ad i r Sh ah but th a t i s n o re a son for h old i ng them non
,
B a loch a n d the n a me o f th e Sh ah rki ch i ef M i r C h aka r , ,
cert a i nly po i nts to a B a loch or i g i n .
It c a nnot ev i dently be a sserted th a t a n y of the B a loch

t ribes n o wIn S i st an h a ve m a int a i n ed their posit i on ever
s i nce th e first settlement there It i s more prob a ble

.
th a t they a re l a ter i mm i gr a nts from M e kran or Pers i a n

B a loch i st a n.
It i s n o t my obj ect a t present to go a t le n gth i nto the

l a ter h i story o f the Ba l o c h e s I h Ope th a t I h a ve s uc
.
c e e de d i n giv i ng some i de a o f the i r origin a n d w a nderi n gs ,
a n d i n sh owing h ow they c a me to occupy the pos i t i o n s
they now hold Br i efly the co n clusio n s I h a ve come to

.
,
a re a s follows
1 Th a t the Bal o c h e s a re a n Ir an i a n r a ce j udg ing by

.
,
the i r phys i c a l a n d ment a l ch a r a cter i st i cs a n d th a t they ,
should be cl a ssed with the T aj i ks a n d other or i gin a l r a ces

o f the Ir an i a n t a blel a n d .
2 Th a t histor i c a lly they m a y be tr a ced first t o the north

.
o f Persi a i n the neighbourhood o f the C a sp i a n S e a i n the

, ,
t i me o f the l a ter S a ss an i a ns .
3 Th a t the i r settlement in Kerm an prob a bly did n ot

.
t a ke pl a ce t i ll a fter the Muh a mm a d a n C onquest a n d th a t ,
i n S i st an n ot before the beginn i n g o f the te n th century

4 Th a t the movement i n to S i st an a n d Western M e kran
.
AP P EN D IX 1 .
I C L AN S or b o l a k s n a med in e a rly poetry with p a rtic ul a rs

.
, , ,
a s to present distribution .
B a lm a t .
—Mentioned in on e poem as at wa r w i th the K al
mati Not now known
—
. .
Ch an dya . Now found ch i efly in U pper S indh i n the tr a ct ,
known a s C h a nd uk a o r C h andko P a rt o f this tr a ct .
is held by M a zari s Ch an dya s a re a lso numerous in .
the d i stricts o f M u z a fa rg a rh a n d Der a Ism a i l Kh an

'
—
.
There is a C h an d y a cl a n in the L egh ar i tr i be Der a

Gh az i Kh an
—
.
D a s h tt Mentioned a s a servile tr i be Now foun d sc a ttered .
in sm a ll numbers through Der a Gh az i Kh an Der a ,
Ism a i l Kh an a n d M u z a fa rga rh
‘
—
.
,
D o ri n
a This once import a nt tribe is not now found under
this n a me Its most import a nt represent a tive s a re
.
the Mi rran i o f Der a Gh az i Kh an Der a Ism a i l Kh an

‘
, ,
a n d Jh a ng a n d the Gurch an i tribe o f which the most

, ,
import a nt p a rt including the S h a i h a k an i H o t w an i

, , ,
K h a l i l an i a n d A lk an i D urk an i cl a ns is o f Dod ai ,
descent
—
.
D o m bki or D om ki
,
S a id in the b a ll a ds to be the gre a t e st
.
’
house a mong the B a loch C h akur spe a ks o f them a s
—
.
g re a t i n g u i t ar song o r speech a n d they a re

’
still c a lled the D a pta r o r recorders o f B a loch ‘

,
’
ge n e a logy O w i ng to this f a ct a n d the simil a rity o f

.
n a me some a ccuse them o f being D om s ; but their

,
high r a nk a dmitted by a l l seem s to preclude this

, ,
ide a A s a tiric a l Gurch an i b a rd s a ys

. The D om b ki s
a re little brothers of the D om s Their present he a d ’
.
qu a rters a re a t L ehr i i n K a chh i Their n a me is s a id .
by some to be derived from a r i ver i n Persi a n a med

D u m b ak .
A PP E NDI X I 55
D ri s h ak —Now
org a nized tribe in Der a Gh az i Kh an
an .
’
H e a dqu a rters a t A sn i S a id to be descended from a .
comp a nion o f C h akur nic kn a med Dri sh a k or , ,

’
S trong from holding up a roof th a t thre a te n ed to

‘
,
’
coll a pse o n some L a sh ar i women who were prisoners .
Possibly connected w i th D i z a k in M e k ran

—
.
G a bo l A servile tribe now o f sm a ll import a nce

. Found ,
.
m a inly i n M u z a fa rg a rh
—
.
G a te ,
or G h o l a A servi le tr i be ; s a id to h a ve fought
.
a g a inst C h akur ; now the princ i p a l cl a n a mong t h e

Bu l e dh i
—
.
G op an g A servile tr i be now sc a ttered through Muz a f a r

.
,
g a rh Mult an Der a Gh az i IQ Ian a n d K a chh i chiefly

, , , ,
the former
—
.
G g
or e z h A br a nch o f the Rinds formerly of gre a t power , ,
but much reduced throu g h their w a rs with t h e

Bul e dh i ; now found a t Th a l i i n Sib i a n d considered ,
a cl a n of the D ombk i tribe

H ot —
.
. O ne o f the origin a l m a in sections of the B a loch .
Ver y widely spre a d Th ey form a powerful tribe still .
in M e kran a n d ruled a t Der a Ism a i l Kh an for two

'
h undred ye a rs P a rt o f the Khos a tribe a n d the.
B al ach an i Ma z ari s a re s a id to be o f H ot descent The y .
a re found a lso wherever the Ba l o c h e s h a ve spre a d ,
a n d a re numerous in Der a Ism a i l K h a n M u z a fa rg a rh

'
, ,
Mult an a n d Jh a ng N a m e sometimes wrongly spelt

, .
E dt
—
.
J a toi . O ne of the orig in a l m a in section sNot now a n .
org a nized tribe but found wherever th e Ba l o c h e s ,
h a ve spre a d chiefl y in M u z a fa rg a rh Mont g o m ery

, , ,
Der a Gh az i K _h an Der a Is m a i l K_
h a n Jh a n g Sh ahpur ,
‘
, , ,
a n d L a hore ; a lso in Northern Sindh ne a r Shik arpur

—
.
,
J i s t kan i F ormerly a powerful tr i be in the Sindh S ag a r

.
Do ab with he a d q u a rters a t M a nker a a n d still

, ,
numerous t here Found a s a cl a n in the Gurch an i .
a n d Dr i sh a k tribes Believed to be a br a nch of the .
L a sh ari s
—Formerly
.
K a lma t, o r K a l ma t i of gre a t import a nce a n d ,
fought with the M a r i s ; now found a t P asn i in M e kran ,
a n d in Sindh A L evitic a l tribe prob a bl y non B a loch

.
,
-
.
Derived either from Kh a lm a t in Me k ran or from th e

K a rm a t i ( Ka rm a t i a n ) heretics
K i rd o r K urd —T he n a me of a powerf ul Bra h o i tribe
.
.
,
Found a s a cl a n in the M a z ar i tribe Mentioned in .

56 T HE B ALOCH R AC E
a b a ll a d a s o n e of th e sl a ve tr i bes given by C h ak a r to
B an a r i his S ister a n d set free by her
—
, , .
K hos a A very import a nt tribe forming two distinct

—
t u m a n s one ne a r J a c o b a b a d i n U pper Sindh a n d the ,
other w i th i ts he a dqu a rters a t B atil ne a r Der a Gh az i ,
Kh an Also a sub tum a n of the Rinds o f Shor an a n d

.
-
,
a cl a n o f the L unds o f Tibb i S a id to be m a inly of H ot .
desce n t The Is an i cl a n of the Der a Gh az i Kh an tribe

.
i s of Khetr a n origin a n d the sm a ll Ja j el a cl a n prob , ,
a bly a bori g in a ls of the J a j V a lley which th ey inh a bit , .
K o rai . O ne of the m a in origin a l section s ; not now a n

-
org a ni z e d tum a n b ut found wherever the Ba l o c h e s

,
h a ve spre a d in the P a nj ab pr i ncip a lly in Mu z a fa rg a rh , ,
Mult an a n d Der a Ism a i l K h a n Still form a tribe i n

,
‘
.
M e k ran ( spelt by some K a ud ai )

—
.
L a s h ari .O ne of the m a in origin a l section s s a i d to h a ve ,
settled in G a nd av a a fter t h e w a r w ith the Rinds a n d ,
to be now represented by th e M a g h a si s o f Jh a l in
K a chh i Some L a sh ari s in K a chh i keep their own
.
n a me a n d form the l a rgest c l a n o f the Ma gh a s si tribe

,
'
.
O thers a re found in M e kran a n d S i st an where they ,
i dentified with the M a gh a si s

'
a re The J i s tkan i s .
a lso a re of L a sh ar i descent There i s a strong sub .
tum a n o f L a s h ari s i n the Gurch an i tribe a n d other ,
L a s h ari s of Dr i gr i i n Der a Gh az i Kh a n a re a pp a rently

Ja tts a n d L a sh ari s only in n a me L a s h ari s a re foun d
,
.
wh erever the Ba l o c h e s settle d in the P a nj ab chiefl y ,
in Der a Gh azi IQ Ian Der a Ism a i l Kh a n Mu z a fa rg a rh ,

‘
, ,
a n d Mult an
—
.
M a z a ri An or g a nized tr i be of i mport a nce with i ts he a d ,
qu a rters a t Roj h an in the south o f Der a Gh az i Kh ans

,
.
The ruling cl a n th e B al ach an i a re s a id to be H ots

, , ,
a n d the rem a inder of the tribe with the exception of ,
the Ki rds Rinds The n a me is a pp a rently derived

,
.
from M a z ar tiger like the P a th an M z a ra i

‘ ’ ’
—
.
, ,
M ari ta Recorded a s h a vin g fo u ght with th e Rinds a g a inst

the L a sh ari s Prob a bly identic a l with the Mehr al i
.
cl a n o f the Rinds o f K a chh i ; sometimes identified with

the Bu l e dh i
—
.
N a mu rd t Not now found except a s a ph a ll i i n the B o z d a r

tribe
—
.
N o h M i l it an t
,
Not now found S a id to h a ve b een o n th e .
side of th e L a sh ari s a g a in st the R i nds

—
.
P h uz h . A cl a n o f Rinds to which belonged B i ja r one of ,

A PP E NDI X I 57
Ch aku r comp a n i ons They were o f gre a t import a nce

’
s .
,
a n d the n a me is s a id b y some to be a n old n a me of

the whole Rind tribe Now found a t Ko l an c h in .
,
Me kran a n d in sm a ll numbers in K a chh i o r ne a r the

, ,
Bol an but not elsewhere Th e Bij a r an i M a rr i s a re

,
.
supposed to be descended from Bij a r Ph u z h

—
.
Ra s h kan t ’
.Mentioned once prob a bl y a s a subsection only , .
Now found onl y in sm a ll numbers ne a r Q uett a a n d ,
cl a ssed a s a cl a n o f the Rinds There is a l a rge .
Bra h o i tribe of Ra k sh an i
—
.
Ri n d . The most import a nt o f the m a in divis i ons of th e

Ba l o ch e s a n d sometime s loosely used to include others
,
.
Most of the tribes of Rind descent a re known b y their

dist in ctive n a mes but the Rinds of M a nd in Me kran ,
a n d Shor an in K a chh i a dhere to the n a me Ri n d ,
which i s a lso used by l a rge numbers of Ba l o c h e s out

side the t u m a n s in Der a Gh az i K h an Der a Ism a i l ,
‘
Kh a n M u z a fa rg a rh Mult an Jh a ng Sh ahpur a n d
, , , , ,
Mont g omery The Ghul am Bol a k o f Sibi is a cl a n

.
o f Rinds There is a lso a Rind cl a n i n the L und

.
tribe o f Tibbi in Der a Gh az i K h an .
II To this list th e followin g n a mes m a y be a dded o f

.
tribes not mentioned in the a ncient poems but n o w o f ,
i mport a nce .
O R GANI Z E D TU M AN S .
B ug h ta — A tribe m a de up o f v a rious elements m a inly of ,
Rind origin h a ving its he a dqu a rters a t Sy a h af ( a lso

,
c a lled Der a Bi b ra k a n d Bug h ti Der a ) in t h e a ngle of ,
the Sul a im an Mount a ins between the Indus a n d ,
K a chh i S a id to be descended from Gy an d ar cousin

.
,
o f M i r C h ak ur Gy an d ar s s o n R a hej a is s a id to
’
.
, ,
h a ve given his n a me to the R a hej a cl a n but the n a me ,
a ppe a rs to be of Indi a n origin The No tkani cl a n .
h a ve L evitic a l powers The Sh a m b an i a re a sub .
tum a n sometimes considered distinct from the B ugh ti

—
.
,
B u le d h i ( Buled i B a le t h i Burd i ) ,
Derived from Boled a i n
, .
,
M e kran a n d lon g the rulin g r a ce until ousted by the

,
Gichk i Found a lso ne a r the Indus in U pper Sindh

.
,
in the tr a ct c a lled B urdi k a a n d in t h e K a chh i ,
territor y of K a l at
—
.
B oz d ar A tribe livin g in the Sul a im a n Mount a ins north ,
o f Der a Gh az i Kh an Prob a bly p a rtly of Rind descent. .
The n a me me a ns g o a therd .
’
58 T HE B AL O CH R A C E
G urc h an i —
A tr i be o f m i xed or i gin , h a v i n g i ts he a dqu a rters
a t L alg a rh , ne a r H a rr a nd in Der a Gh az i Kh an The , .
pr in cip a l p a rt of th e tri b e i s Dod a i The Syah ph adh

D urk an i a re R i nds ; the Pit afi , Jog ani , a n d C h ang
prob bly p a rtly R i nd ; the L a sh r i sub tum a n ( except
a a -
the G a bol e a n d Bh a n ds ) a n d the J i s tk an i a re L a sh ari s ;

the S uh ri an i a n d H o l a w an i a re B u le th i s Th i s seem s .
to be the composition o f this tribe There is a .
Gurch ani cl a n a mong th e L unds o f Sor i

—
.
H a sa n i A tr i be of uncert a in origin which a t one t i me

.
,
occup i ed a consider a ble p a rt o f th e country n o w held

b y the M a rr i s They were destroyed in w a rs with the.
M a rr i s a n d a fr a gment only rem a ins now forming a

, ,
cl a n a mong the Kh e t ra n s ne a r the H a n P a ss C olonel ,

.
O T D uke considers th a t they were P a th an s b y origin

. .
,
but it seem s prob a ble th a t they were like the Kh e tra n s , ,
an a borigin a l Indi a n tribe but more thorou g hly ,
a ss i mil a te d b y the B a l oc h e s The rem a i n i ng H a s a n i s .
spe a k B a loch i n o t Khetr an i

—
.
,
J a kran i A tribe now in K a ch h i a n d North Sindh Prob .
a bly o f J a tt origin though some deduce them from ,
Gy an dar ( s e e under Bu gh ti ) There is a S y ah ph adh .
cl a n a mong them prob a bly o f Rin d orig in ( s e e under ,
Gurch an i ) They a re s a id to a dmit the suprem a cy of

.
the Rind C hief o f Shor an Ahm a d Kh a n derives th e .
Ja k ran i s from Gyan d ar the a ncestor of the Bu gh ti s ,
( A ppendix III
—
.
,
Kat Z A sm a ll tribe in K a chh i now cl a ssed a s B a loch

.
, ,
but prob a bly non B a loch in ori g in Mentioned in the -

.
T ar i kh i M a s am i (A D - -
The a uthor derives th e
‘
. .
n a m e from the K a h i r tree ( P ro s op i s sp i c ig era ) whic h -

,
w a s ridden a s a horse by one of their a ncestors ( E D . .

,
i p
—
. .
,
K a sr n
a t Sometimes wr i tten Q a i s a ran i a s it i s supposed ,
to be a p a tronymic from Q a is a r but a lw a ys pronounced ,
K a sr an i Th e mo st n ortherly o f a ll the org a nized

.
tum a n e occupyin g p a rt of the Sul a im a n Mount a i n s

,
a n d the a dj oining pl a in s in Der a Gh az i K h an a n d

Der a Ism a i l K h a n O f R i nd descent ‘
—
. .
L eg h rt An import a nt tr i be with its he a dqu a rters a t

'
a .
,
C ho t i in Der a Gh az i Kh an A lso found in Sindh

,
. .
The n a me is derived from L egb ar dirty a n d v a riou s ,

’
legends a re told to expl a in it The a ncestor Koh .
h h wh ose n a me w a s ch a n g ed to L e g h ar w a s b y
p r o s , ,
descent a Rind The princip a l p a rt of th e tribe i s .

A PP E NDI X I 59
descended from h i m The Ch an dya cl a n i s sep a r a te .

,
a n d the H a ddi an i a n d K a l o i s the sub t um a n o f the ,

-
mou n t a ins a re s a id to be o f Bozd ar origin

—
.
,
L un d A l a r g e tribe divi ded into two t um a n s both i n

Der a Gh azi Kh an —the L unds o f S or i a n d the L u nds
.
,
of Tibb i B oth cl a im descent from A l i son o f Reh an

.
, ,
M i r Ch aku r s cousin The Sor i L unds a re a l a rge

’
.
tr i be living in the pl a in s with their he a dqu a rters ,
a t K o t K a ndiw a l a This tribe cont a ins a cl a n o f

.
Gu rc h an i s The Tibb i L unds a re a sm a ll tr i be with

.
a cl a n of L unds a n d one o f Khos a s to which a third ,
cl a n c a lled Rind but o f impure blood is a lso a tt a ched

—
.
, , ,
M a rri O ne o f the best known a mong B a loch tribes for

.
their m a r a uding propensities O f composi te origin . .
The Gh a z a n i section are supposed to be descended

from Gh a z a n s o n of A li s on o f Ja l al Kh a n a n d the
, , ,
Bi ja ran i s from Bij a r who revolted a g a inst M i r C h akur

,
.
The M a z aran i s a re s a i d to be of Khetr an origin a n d ,
the L o h a ran i s o f mixed descent No doubt some J a t t s .

,
a n d a lso some K a l m a ti s B u l e dh i s a n d Ha sa n i s h a ve , ,
bee n a bsorbed a n d perh a ps some P a th an elements

,
a lso a mong the B i a ran i s

j
B ai s an t —A po w erful Bra h o i tribe s a id by some Ba l o ch e s
.
.
,
to be o f Ba loch descent a n d tr a ced to R ai s cousin of , ,
M i r Ch akur This gene a lo gy is perh a ps only due to

.
, ,
the simil a rity of n a me

—
.
h
S m ban i
a A sm a ll tribe sometimes cl a ssed a s a cl a n o f
.
,
the Bu gh t i occup y ing the hill country a dj a cent to the

B u gh t i a n d M a z ar i tribes Tr a ced like the L unds to .
, ,
Reh an cousin of M i r C h akur

—
.
,
Uni a
°
r a9i i A sm a ll tribe in K a chh i a n d a l so a cl a n or
.
,
sept o f the M a gh a s s i M a rr i L und a n d Khos a tribes

—
.
, , ,
Z a rkan i A nother n a me for the B u gh t i

. It is
noticeable th a t a neighbouring K ak a r P a th an cl a n ( of
Kol a) be a rs the n a me Z a rk an .
T R I B E S N O T O R G AN I Z E D AS TU M AN S .
Ah m da n Z — A tribe formerl y of import a nce with its he a d

.
,
qu a rters a t Man a in Der a Gh az i Kh an T here is a lso

,
.
a l a rge Ah m dan i cl a n a mong th e Sor i L unds a n d ,
a mong the H a ddi an i L e gh ari s The Man a Ah m dan i s .
a re s a id t o desce n d from Gyan dar ( see A ppend i x

III
—
.
,
G i s hkh a u ri N o w found sc a ttered in Der a Ism a i l Kh an

‘
.
a n d M u z a fa rg a rh a lso in M e k ran S a id to be descended

,
.
from o n e o f Ch akur s comp a n ion s n i ckn a med Gish ’
kh a ur who w a s a Rin d The n a me a ppe a rs t o be

,
.
re a lly derived from the Gi s h kh a ur n a me of a torrent ,
in the Boled a Va lley Me kran S O this tribe is prob a bly , ,
o f common descent with the Bul e dh i There is a .
Gi sh kh a u ri sept a mong the L a sh ar i sub tum a n o f the -
Gurch an i a n d a cl a n a mong the Dombk i

T alp ur o r T a lba r — The well known tr i be to which the
.
,
-
, .
A m i rs o f Sindh belonged still represented b y the M i rs ,
o f Kh a irpur Identified by themselves a n d by most

.
,
other a ccounts w i th the Talb u r cl a n of the L e gh ari s

, ,
but by som e derived from a n eponymic Tal b u r gr a nd ,
s on O f B ulo a n d hence supposed to be of co m mon

,
origin with the Bul e dh i s

—
.
P i taf i . Of uncert a in orgin Foun d i n consider a ble .
n umbers in Der a Ism a i l Kh a n a n d M u z a fa rg a rh a n d ‘

,
a s a cl a n o f the G u rc h an i s i n Der a Gh az i Kh an
—
.
N u t kan i or N o d h a h an z
,
A comp a ct tribe which till quite .
,
l a tely w a s org a nized a s a tum a n occupy i ng the country ,
o f S a n g a rh nor th of Der a Gh az i Kh an
—
.
,
K u la ch i Prob a bly derived from Ko lan c h in M e k ran ,

.
They a ccomp a nied the Dod ai s a n d H ots a n d settled ,
n e a r Der a Ism a i l Kh a n The town o f Kul ach i st i ll

‘
.
be a rs their n a me a n d they a re most n umerous in th a t ,
neighbourhood There seem s some prob a bility th a t .
they were a br a n ch of the Dod ai .
G u rm an i — This tribe is sc a ttered through Der a Gh az i

.
Kh an Der a Ism a i l Kh a n a n d M u z a fa rg a rh but

,
‘
, ,
nothin g is known of its history

—
.
M a s h o ri An impure r a ce now found m a inly i n Muz a

.
,
fa rga rh There is a M a sori cl a n a mong the Bu gh t i

.
,
but there i s prob a bly nothin g in common between

them .
M a s toi Prob a bl y o n e o f the servile tribes though n o t

.
-
m entioned in o l d poem s Found m a inly in D er a .
Gh azi Kh an where the y h a ve no soci a l st a tus

,
.
K up c h an i — M a inly in Der a Ism a i l Kh a n

.
‘
.
l In Der Gh az i K h an
fiy
a n a ra n i
y a
(
.
S u h r am —
a a nt
In M u z a fa rg a rh
—
. .
L a s h ari i In . M u z a fa rga rh ,
D er a Gh az i K h a n , an d D er a
Ism a ‘
il K h an .
Q a u drau i -
In M u z a fa rg a rh
—Foun d
. .
K a la t . as a cl a n a mon g the L e gh ari s of Der a

Gh az i K h an an d the K a chh i Rinds .
62 THE B AL O CH R ACE
TR I B E . CLA N . SE P T .
Bu gh t i , or N o t h an i Ha ib a t an i .
Z a rk an i 1 . Z im a ka n i , M e h ran z a i .
( c on t i n u e d ) . D u rra gh . C h a kr an i .
2 . Ph e ro z a n i . Ch a n dram z a i .
H a iw an i .
N o h k an i .
Ph e ro z an i .
Ph i sh bur
-
.
R ame z a i .
Sh a lw an i .
Su n dr an i .
M a sor i . Ba g ri a n i .
Ba k s h w an i .
Ph e ro z a i .
Gu rri a n i .
J afa ran i .
N o h ka n i .
Ka l ph u r . Ho t a k an i .
F a dl an i .
Phong or , D a rw ani .
Mondr an i . Gyan d aran i .
H aji an i .
Ph on g .
Ki a za i
S h a m b an i , or
.
Sh am b an i
Ki a z a i
.
S a i d an i
.
Bu l e d h i , or Gol a .
B urd i . J afu z ai .
K a h o rkh an i .
Kot achi ( Kul ach i

L ul ai .
Pit af i .
Ra i t e .
B o z d ar . B a khr i .
Rust a m ani .
Dul an i .
L adw an i .
Ch ak a ran i .
S i h an i .
Sh ahw an i .
J afiran i .
A PP E NDI X II 63
TRI B E . CL AN .
Bo z d ar ( c on J a l al an i .
N a murd i .
Ghul am an i ( s ub j Bij a r an i .
tum a n ) . K a j an i .
Dombk i or
, B a ghd a r . A lm an i .
Domk i . C hh a t an i .
Ph e ro za n i .
Isi an i .
J aro i .
Mor ai .
Phil an i .
Bano z a i .
Th a th e t an i ( Th a th i
l an i
Bh a nd .
Bo z e ran i .
G a j an i .
Ha st i an i .
K a sm an i .
Ma s ti an i .
N a h an i .
R a khi an i .
D i n a ri . Is h k an i .
Mur i d an i .
D i rkh a n i .
G a bol .
L a dh i an i .
Gh az i an i .
Gi s h kh a u ri .
Go rg e z h .
H ar a .
J a m b an i .
Pa c h i z a i .
S ah jan i .
L a sh ar i . L a sh ar i .
Ma h a m d ani . Birm an i .
Is a b an i .
M i rw an i .
Ni h al z a i .
M i ro z a i . All ah dadz a i .
Bhut an i .
D i l darz a i .
TR I B E . CL AN . SE P T .
Dombk i or , M i ro z a i ( co n ti n u e d) . H as i l kh an z a i .
Domk i (c o n H o t i an i .
ti n u e d) . J a l alkh an z a i .
M u h a m m a dkh an z a i .
Th a ro z a i .
Sh a bkhor . Ch a n g w an i .
J a h l w an i .
Sh a bkhor .
Si n g i an i .
C h a kr an i .
D a dran i .
D i l aw a rani .
K a sm an i .
M a z aran i
M i rdad z a l .
Sh ab oz a i
S o h rab z a i .
T al ani . F a zl an i .
Kh a i ro an i .
N o dh w an i .
W a z i r an i . A tr an i .
M a ndw an i .
Wa zi rkh a n za i .
G a d an i . G a d an i .
Dr i sh a k .
G urch ani .
( a ) D oda i Gurc h an i s
J a l a b an i .
Ba ka ran i .
M a n ka n i
1 Sh a ih a k an i
.
D o d an i
.
Kh a kh a l an i
.
Shei k h an i
Sh a kh a l an i
.
M e h an i
.
Bab u l an i .
M i th an i .
A PP E NDI X II 65
TR I B E . S E PT .
Gurch an i S a nj an i .
( co n ti n u e d ) . B ab u l an i .
Ch u ti an i .
M a n a k an i .
K a sm an i .
Ku l a n g an i .
3 . Kh a l i l an i . B a kr an i .
Ba h aduran i .
Go rpa t an i .
( ) Ri n ds ,
b or L a s h ari s .
4 . B az g i r . M a pa rw an i .
Pa b a d an i .
D a l al an i .
Bra h i m an i .
5 . J i s tk an i . D a d an i .
F a t h i an i .
King an i .
Ph a u jw an i .
D i l s h adh an i .
Gh a r a m .
6 . P i t af i . J a rw an i .
H atm an i .
K a t al an i .
Brah i m an i .
M a tk an i .
J a n gl an i .
S a rm o ran i .
Th u lran i .
Mew an i .
Ah m dan i .
Kin g an i .
K o h n ani .
9 . H o l a w an i . V a d an i .
L ud an i .
M a t ka n i .
Ha rw an i .
10 . Suhr an i . M i r a k an i .
Mu s an i .
S a w an L
(c) 1 1 . Durk an i ,
A lk an i
( sub tum a n )
-
Ga n da gw ala gh .
5
TR I B E . CL AN .
SE P T .
Gurch an i S a lem an i .
( co n ti n u e d ) Z a h ri an i .
Z av e ran i .
Z a w adh an i .
Eri .
J a nd an i .
Ph i ru kan i .
Sy ah ph adh .
Gh a tt an i .
Th al o w an i .
M e l o h ar .
Om a ran i .
S a gh a rw an i .
N o h k an i .
L a n gran i .
Ka h i r i .
Raw a l k an i .
Nih al an i
Sulem an i .
Ga n ds a r .
12 . L a sh ar i J a l alan i .
( sub tum a n ) -
. Ba d ul an i .
J um b ran i .
Ba n gul an i .
Mo rd an i .
G a bol .
Bh a nd .
Gw a h a ram an i
S a n dh a l an i .
H a g dadan i .
G u rkh av an i .
Sh al a m an i .
S ar a ng an i .
N i h é l an i .
Gi s h kh a uri .
J a kr an i . S a l i v an i .
Sa w a n ari .
Syah ph adh
Ma jan i .
S o lk an i .
M u l k an i .
S a dk an i .
A PP E NDI X II 67
J ac kran i ( c o n K a ro rk an i .
ti n ne d ) . D i rk an i .
K a sr an i . A l an i.
L a shk a r an i . L a khn i .
Rust a m ani .
M a md an i .
Rub a da n .
Bud an i .
Wasfi an i .
L a i l an i .
Sh ah l an i .
J a rw a r .
j T a hor i .
Wa sm a n ani .
Khos a .
—
N B The a bove
. . the cl a ns of the Der a Gh az i Kh an
a re
tum a n I h a ve not been a ble to obt a in the n a mes o f the
.
cl a ns of the Khos a s o f North Sindh .
S E PT .
D o di an i .
Murid an i .
Ph e ro an i .
Nid a m an i .
M a lh an i .
J a m al kh an ani .
Bra h i m an i .
5 2
68 T HE B A L O CH R ACE
TR I B E . CLAN . SE P T .
L egh ar i ( c o n 2 . Jog i ani . M i rzi an i .
ti n n e d ) . S a n g a ran i .
M a sto i .
3 . Bu gh l ani . Rust a m an i .
S i rk an i .
4 . Ha i b a t an i . H a i b a t an i .
5 . R a mdani .
( In Sindh ) .
6 . Hijb an i . Bij a ran i .
Sh a h an L
7 . Tal b ur . Gurm an i .
B ij a r an i .
8 Ch an dya . Ch an dya .
9 K a lo i . N angr i .
S uhr an i .
10 . B a ddi an i
( sub tum a n )
-
.
1
( ) A hm a d ani . An g l an i .
Ba h arkh an i .
H a id a r an i .
H a ji an i .
Kh an i an i .
( 2 ) B u l o an i . An g l an i .
B a g a r i an i .
B a gl an i .
B u l o an i .
Bij a r an i .
H aji an i .
Ism a il an i .
J a kh w an i .
J a n g w an i .
Ja ri an i .
Kh e dran i .
S a rb ani .
Sh a di ani .
S h a h an L
11 . B a tw ani . Ha ji an i .
Sh a h ani
70 T HE B AL O C H R ACE
TRI B E . CL AN . SE P T .
M a rr i ( c o n S a l ar an i .
ti n u e d ) Sumr an i .
Ph i rd adan i .
Ma ndw an i .
Ra m k an i .
Kh a l w an i .
K u n grani .
S h a h e ja .
Ph a w adi .
Ra m kan i .
Ka i s a ran i .
3 . L oh a r an i . Kh un a ran i .
Sher an i .
M a h m dan i .
G u s ran i .
D urk an i .
J al a m b an i .
J i n dw an i .
Me loh ar .
S a r a n g an i .
M a z aran i . H 1] b an i .
C h a n g ul ani .
M an i kan i .
Me h kan i .
B a d an i .
A l i an i
.
Sher an i .
Ma z ari . 1 . B al ach ani . G ul sh e ran i .
M i s t a kan i .
Az adan i .
Mac h i an i .
H a i da ran z ai .
S a idan z a i .
Kh u dadadan i .
Ha i b a t an i .
R a d an i .
Bad h e l an i .
A PP E NDI X II
TR I B E . CLAN .
SE P T .
Ma z ar i ( co n 2 . Rust am an i . Ph i ru k an i .
ti n u ed ) M a r an i .
A di an i .
H a rw an i .
Bu n g ran i .
Ab du l an i .
K a i sa ran i .
Sh ab a rk an i .
M i n gl an i .
D arw an i .
S a rw an i .
N a dh an i .
Ch o n g l an i .
Z im a k an i .
Mir i a n i .
Gul ab .
L al an i .
Gul ani .
Isi an i .
Gulr an i .
B anud .
Talb u r .
3 . Ma si dan i . S a l at an i .
L ul ai .
Dul an i .
N o h k an i .
S a nj a r an i .
S a i n dan i .
Sh a h e ja .
V a h an i .
N o d h a k an i .
L a t an i .
H a u ran i .
S ure ja .
G a r an i .
Tuk uran i .
Bh a m b o ran i .
M i r a k an i .
Po h t h an i .
Is an i .
J a u ra k an i .
S a m l an i .
Shul an i .
4 . S a rg an i . S a rg an i .
Ma z ar i ( c on
t i n n e d) 5 . Kird .
1 . Az di .
2 . Bad in i .
3 . Bi ja rz a i .
4 . Bu z d ar .
5 . Ch ak a ran i .
6 . Ch an dya .
C hh a lg a r i .
Ch a w a l an i .
Din ar i Isr ani .
Ph e ro z ai .
G a bol .
G a d ai . S a r ai .
Ga dri .
Gh ul am B ol a k .
K h i an i .
Is a b an i Ma n dw ani .
N in dw ani .
Gori sh i an i .
Gurch an i .
Gurg e z h .
Gu rg e z a i .
H a da ka ri . U mr an i .
H a dw ar .
Ho th an z a i .
Indr a .
Is an i .
J a m al i C hh a lg a r i .
( sub tum a n ) -
. Mundr an i .
New ar i we n s -
.
J a m al i .
J a to i . Brah im an i .
B u l an i .
H aji h an z a i .
A PP E NDI X II 73
TRI B E . C LA N .
Rind ( o f
K a chh i )
c o n t i n u ed .
Ka h i r i .
K a lw an i .
K a rm uz a i .
Khos a
( s ub tum a n )
-
.
30 . K a lo i .
31 . Kul ach i .
32 . Ko l a n k .
33 . Kuch i k .
L e gh a r i .
L a sh ar i .
L und .
M a sor i .
Mehr al i . Mehr an i .
Mu g her i .
M u ra dkh e l . M i roz a i .
N ah a r .
N a khe z a i .
N a u s h é rw an i .
Nindw ani . Ha n jw an i .
Pa i n d z a i .
Ph i ru k an i .
Pit af i .
Ph u gh .
Ph u z h .
Ra h e ja .
51 . Ra h e jo .
52 . R a kh sh an i .
53 . R ame z a i .
74 T HE B ALO C H R ACE
TR I B E . CLA N . SE P T .
R i nd ( of 54 . Rozi .
Ka chh i ) 55 . Rust a m an i .
c o n ti n u e d . 56 . Sohr i an i . B ag a r z a i .
H aji h an z a i .
Nindw ani .
57 . S a rkh i .
58 . S h a h e ja .
59 . Sh ar .
60 . S undr an i .
61 . Sohri an i
Kah i r i . 1 . Bul an i . Ba m b u w an i .
M un dw ani .
N i h al z a i .
S um a rz a i .
2 . Mur a d ani . B a ndl a n i .
J an b an i
M i rz a i .
M un dh an i .
Sa di kan i .
3 . K a l a nd a r an i . H a m am an i .
Ha z fi ran i .
N u r ani .
Tah i ran i . A hm a d an i .
A ll ah b a khsh
- -
z ai .
Bu dran i .
N ur ani .
W a z i r an i .
M a gh a s si . Bh u t an i .
Bij a r an i .
Ba n g u l an i . J i g an i .
B olt i .
C h a ndr am a .
F a sl an i .
G adh i .
G a gr an .
Gol a .
H isb ani .
11 . J a g i r an i .
12 . Ko t o h a r .
13 . L ash ar i . A lk ai .
B h a n g a ran i .
Bh u t an i .
A PP E NDI X II
Ma gh a s si D i n arz a i .
( c on t i n u e d ) . Ga jan i .
Gor an i .
J a h aw an i .
J an i.
L a kl an i .
M a n gh i an i .
Mi anz a i .
M u h a m dan i .
Sumr an i .
Tajan i .
Tum pan i
Wasuw an i
.
14 . L a sk an i .
15 . M i rz an i .
16 . M uh a m dan i .
17 . Mugher i .
18 . R a hej a .
19 . Sh abr an i .
20 . S h ah m urz a i .
21 . Sh a m b an i .
22 . Syah z a i .
23 . Ta ri h a l i .
24 . U mr ani .
25 . Wa sdan i .
U mr an i . Subdiv i sions not re

corded .
A PPE N D I X I II .
G EN EAL O G I CAL T A BLE S S HO WI N G T HE CONNEC

T I ON OF T HE V AR I O U S T R I BES A CCO RD I N G
To BAL O CH T R AD I T I ON .
I .
Mir J a l al K h an .
1 . R in d 2 L ash ar
. 3 . Kor ai . 4 H ot
. 5 Ja to . 6 . B ul o . 7 Al i
.
( see ( see ( see ( d a ug hter )

V III ) = Mur ad.
( nephew ) .
G h a z an . U mar .
U m a ran i tr i be a n d c l a n
,
( a m o n g L un ds Khos a s , ,
M a rri s ,
N B
. .
—T he
f oll ow in g t a bles show the descent of the ex i st i n g tr i bes
fr o m the a bove .
78 T H E B ALOCH R AC E
S a h ak ( see
Ha s a n .
Mi r C h ak a r . Ha m al .
M uh a m B r a hi m . Réh an . J i a nd . N oh ak Gy an M i r R ai s H a m a l
. . .
m ad . d ar
. H an .
B a h adu r .
M a hm J in dan i N oh a n i , B u h ti g R a i san i H a m a l
d an i F a th . c l a n c l a n o f tr ibe tr ibe an i
( D o m bk i ( Khos a ) ( Bu gh ti ) ( see
. .
( now cl a n
clan) . Maz ar . B r a h ( Kh os a )
oi ) ?
an d
R a sh
I
B rfih l m f ml Al i . Sher a l i
'
. B a sh k
'
a li .
0 1 Mek
a n d G a d ani T ED
cl a ns L und tr i be Gh ul am S y ah ph ad h
D ombk i .
a n d Sh a m B ol a k D urk an i
b an i sub
, R i nds .
( G u rch ani ) .
tr ibe ( B u gh t i )
( See
S a i d to be o f Af gh an or igi n in B a l och i st a n C ens u s R eport , 1 9 02 ,

A PP E NDI X III 79
IV .
N au b a t (s e e
I
B r ah i m .
Mub ar a k .
Koh -
ph ro sh , a li a s L e gb a r .
R u st a m . S i r ak . H a ib a t . R a m d an .
l
Ali ani R ust a m an i S i rk an i H a i b a t an i R a md an i
cl a n . cl a n . cl a n . cl a n .
C l a ns f orm in g the m a i n b od y of the L e gh ar i ( L e gh ari s

tribe of D er a G h a zi Kh an of S indh ) . .
( Prob a bl y the J o gi an i cl a n shou l d be a dded to these T he other .
c l a ns give n a bove i n Append i x II do not be l on g to the origi n a l .
L e gh ari s ) .
V .
D E S C E N T O F T H E PR E S E N T BU GHT i CHI EF F R O M G Y AN D AR ( S EE
G y an dar .
R a hej a .
1
B i v a ra gh , or B i b ra k .
S a lem .
G ola Sh ah .
F a th Muh a mm a d .
G hul am Murt iz a .
N a w ab S i r Sh ahb az Kh an ,
G a uh a r Kh an etc ,
.
present T u m a n d ar .
N B —Ahm a d Kh an st a tes th a t the

. . J a k ran i s an d the A h m d an i s of
M an a a lso descend from G y an d ar .
1
H ence R a hej a cl a n .
80 T HE B AL OCH R ACE
P E DIG R EE or LU N D AN D S H A M B AN i CHI EF S F R O M AL i ( S EE
Ad a m . C h u tt a .
Kh aro . All ahd ad .
A dn a k h . H us a in .
Hai da r . Jum a .
Sh a rb a t .
Sor i .
2
Sh a mbo .
3
H u s a in . M iro .
G am a n .
D u rra k h .
D a ul a t .
L a shk a r .
Dil a w a r .
Sobh a .
Muh a mm a d .
F a z l Kh an . G hu l a m G w a h a ram .
Muh a mm a d .
G hu l a m H a i d a r .
Kechi Kh an , D a u gh t e r z M e h
T u m a n d ar of ru l l a h K h a , n
Muh a mm a d Ahm a d Kh an , S h a m b an i s . T u m a n dar
Kh a n l a te
,
l a te T u m a n dar of M a rri s .
T um an dar . of L u n ds .
1
H ence the town of Sh ad a n L u nd .
2
H ence the n a me Sor i L und .
3
H ence the n a me S h a m b an i .
A PP E NDI X III 81
V II .
D E SC E N D AN T S O F L AS H AR ( S EE
N o dh b a n da gh . B ak a r . M i ro .
G w ah aram . R am en . K a rm Al i .
T he L a sh ari , M u b ar a k . N aub a t .
c l a n of K a chh i .
M a s s ii .
Bhut 1 H us a i n .
Réh an .
S a lem .
B a kh ri . Sh ahb az .
Muh a mm a d . J a s si i .
G ah w a r . L ash ar .
K ai s ar . T he J i stk an i ,
ch i efs of M a nker a .
M i h an .
K a i s a r Kh an ,
Tu m a n d ar of the M a g h a ssi s of J h a l .
V III .
D E SC E N D AN TS O F H O T ( S EE
S a h ak. P un n ii .
d a u ghter of B iz a n ch i ef ,
T he Khos a tr ibe
of the S y ah l af M a z a ri s
-
, ( see
a n d e l ected ch i ef of the tr i be .
T he B a l ach an i M a z ari s
( see
1
H ence the B hut ani cla n of M a gh a s s i s .
2
H ence the n ame M a gh a s si .
T H E B ALOCH R ACE
T H E P E DIG R EE O F T H E M Az ARi T U M AN D AR ( B E LO N GI N G To THE

B AL AC H AN i CL AN F R O M S AH AK ( S EE V III )
, .
S a h ak .
B al ach ? succeeded on
S h adh e n ,
de a th of R adho .
R adho . B h a ndo .
B adh él . Sh aho .
B al ach . H ama l I .
M i th a I .
d
Pa h e l i F a th Ali )
'
.
M i th a II .
H a m a l II .
M i th a III .
G ul sher .
Sh ah '
Al i .
H a m a l III .
B a hram Kh an .
D ost Al i
'
. N a w ab S i r I m am B a khsh R a h a m Kh an .
Kh an ,
Sher M u h a mm a d . Act u a l T u m a n d ar .
i
D ost M u h a mm a d ,
Sa rd ar B a h ram Kh an ,
Ti tu l a r Tu m an dar a n d others .
1
H e n ce the n a me B al ach an i .
A PP E N DI X II I
'
83
P E DIG R EE O F K HO S A CHI EF S F R O M H A M AL ( S EE,
H a m al .
S a mmo .
Di g h aro .
K h aw an -
Kh a sh , a li a s B h aw a.
I
B al e l U mar Jia H a mal
( B a l el an i c l a n ) .
( U m a ran i c l a n) .
(J i ani cl a n) .
( H a m a l an i c l a n ) .
B adh e l , or B at il ?
Y iIs u f .
J a w an ak .
Ghu l am H a i d a r .
K a ur a Kh an ?
S ika n d a r Kh an . G hulam H a i d a r . D ost Muh a mm a d .
Mub ara k Kh an . S a rd arB a h adur Kh an ,
present ch i ef .
1
H ence the to w n of B at il tr i b a l he a dqu a rters
,
2
See a cco un t b y H erbert E d wa rdes i n A Y e a r on the Punj ab ‘
F ront i er 1 8 49
,
’
.
XI .
P E DIG REE O F M A RRi T U M A N D AR F R O M G H A Z AN ( S EE I ) .
G h a z an .
s at a k .
K a i s ar .
B a h aw a l .
R a h im . Mub ar a k .
M ith a .
I D °S t t
A1"
Mu r ad B a khsh .
J al lb a .
Mi r Muh a m m a d . B al och .
G h a z an Kh an , N a w ab Mehrull ah Kh an ,
l a te Tu m a n dar . present Tu m a n d ar .
I
Kh a ir B a khsh .
XII .
D O D Ai P E DIG R EE S .
Bh il n g , Som r a .
Af ter sever a l g ener a t i on s .
D od a .
G o ri sh Sohr ab .
( G urch an i tr i be ) .
Sh a ib a k . H oto . Kh a li l . Al i . I sm a i l F a th
Kh an .
E ran .
I
Sh a ib a H o t w an i Kh a l i Al k ani T he T he Prob a bl y
k an i cl a n . l ani D urk an i M i rran i s M i rran i s the
clan . cl a n. cl an . of D era ( of L e i a ) . Kul ach i
G h a zi tri be .
Kh an .
86 T HE B AL O CH R AC E
III HI S T O R Y
. .
E LLIO T T AN D D O WS O N T he Hi story of I ndi a 8 vol s L ondon .

’
.
,
1 86 7 1 8 77 ( espec i a ll y vo l s i ii a n d Referr ed to a s E D ’
-
.
.
,
. .
.
,
F E RIS H T A S Hi story T ext p u b li shed b y N ew a l Ki shor L a khn a u

’
. .
,
E RS K I N E B a b a r a n d H um ay un 2 vo l s L ondo n 1 85 4 .
’
.
, .
RAV E RT Y : T r a ns l a t i on of Ta b a kat i N as i ri L ondon 1 88 1 - -

.
’
,
.
J A U B E R T : G éo g r a ph i e d E d ri s i P a r i s 1 836 ’ ’
. .
,
O U S E L E Y S I bn H a u k a l Is t a k h ri )
’ ‘
.
Z O TE N B E R G : C hron i qu e de T a b a r i
‘
Pa r i s 1 87 2 ’
. .
,
M O RD T M AN N Is t a kh ri ? H a mbur g 1 8 4 5 , .
M A S UD i 9 vo l s P a ri s ( F rench tr a ns l a t i on )
‘
. . .
Y AK U T S G eo gr a ph i c a l Di ct i on a r y ( F rench tra nsl a t i on )

’
.
HA IG T he I ndus D e l t a C ountry L ondon 1 89 4 .

’
,
.
M O CK L E R T he Origi n o f the B a loch J A S B 1 89 5

‘
.
’
. . . .
,
.
I V P O E T R Y AN D LEGE N D
. .
D A M E S : Sketch o f the
‘
N o rt h e rn B a l o c h i
'
L an gu a g e .
’
C a l cutt a ,
1 88 1
(J A. . S .
D A M E S : B a l och i T ext B ook L ahore 1 89 1

‘
-
.
’
,
.
H E T U R AM : Bi l u c h i n a m a L a h ore 1 8 8 1
‘ -
.
’
,
.
D O U I E : An not a ted tr a nsl a t i on o f a bove omi tt i n g the poe m s Ca l ,

.
ou tt a 1 8 85 , .
M AY E R : B a l och C l a ss i cs F ort Munro a n d A gr a (pr i v a te l y pr in ted )

.
’
,
1 9 00 .
V L AN G U A GE . .
In a dd it i on to the a bove gi ven u nder I V the works of Mock l er a n d .

,
P e a rce sho ul d be consulted for M e k ran i a n d those of Gl a dstone a n d ,
B ruce f or N orthern B a loch i A comp l ete li st w ill be found i n .
G E IG E R : Di e Spr a che der B a l fit s ch e n ( Gru n dri s s d Ir

‘ ’
. .
Stra ssb u r g 1 8 9 8 wh i ch i s the best g ener a l work on B a loch i

, ,
.
IN D E X
A . B u gh t i tr i be , 5 , 6 , 4 9 , 5 7 , 7 8 , 7 9
B u l e dh i or Buled i tr i be , 3 , 5 , 1 7
A D AD U D
’
,
-
DA U LA D a i l a m i
, 32
A dh a rb a ijan , 2 3
A h lk an i cl a n of D ur k an i , 8 4
B u lm a t i , 54
tr be
Ahm a d Kh a n L udh i an i 5 3 Burd i . S e e B u l e dh i
,
B u rd i k a , 4 9
A h m d an i tr i be 5 9
Alaf i (Ar a b tr i be ) 9
’
,
Burton S r ,
i R, 8 .
Al ans 2 7
,
Al e p po 9 ,
C .
Al i an i c l a n 6 7 7 9 ,
Anthropometr y of B al o c h e s 1 1
,
C h akur M i r 42 4 5
, ,
Ar a b n a mes 2 5
, ,
C h and k o 4 8 ,
Ch an d y a tr i be 4 7 4 9 5 4
,
Ar a b origi n of B a l o c h e s 7 1 4 , , ,
Ar a b ty pe 8 9 1 1
, ,
C h a n giz Kh an i nv a s i ons of 3 4 3 5 , , ,
, ,
A r a b i c w ords i n B a loch i 2 4
,
C h a tt a B ak hsh a (J h a n g ) 4 8 ,
A rg h i m Dy n a st y 4 0 4 5
,
C h a uh an R ajputs 1 4 1 5 , ,
, ,
C rooke Mr \V V i ews of 1 5 2 1
,
. .
, , ,
Cu rz o n s Pers i a 3 3
’ ’
B .
,
B aber s Autob i o gr a ph y
’
,46
B a dru d di n of S i st an
’
-
, 35
B a ga Sh a l a m an i 5 3 D a sht 1 9 ,
B a h r e c h ( D urr an i Af gh ans )
,
,
14 D a sht i tr ibe 1 9 3 9 5 4 , , ,
B al ach an i M a z ari s 4 ,
D er a F a th Kh a n 4 6 ,
B al a i c h a Ch a u h an s , 1 4 D era Gh azi Kh an 1 3 9 4 6 , , ,
B loch
a , defined
,
1 D er a I sm a il Kh an 4 6 '
B loch
a i i al d ects 3 D h a n k ot 4 2 ,
B loch
a
,
i a g a g , 24
l n u e D od ai tri be 2 5 4 8 4 , , ,
B loch
a ,
ig ior n of n me
a , 1 5 ,
2 1 2 3 - D od ai tr i be h i stor y of 3 7 39
, ,
-
a i , 13
B lt s D od ai tr i be r i v a lr y wi th R i nds
, ,
a i a , 13
B lt st n D o m ( m i nstrel tr i be ) 1 7 ,
Belle w, D H r,
7 , 14
. . W .
Domb k i tribe 5 4 9 5 4 7 8 , , , ,
Bher a, 46 D r i sh a k tri be 5 4 9 5 5 , , ,
B i l azu ri , 2 9 D uk e C olonel O T 5 3
,
. .
,
i li
B l ch tr be i ,2 D urk an i cl a n 6 7 8 8 4 , , ,
Bol k a , 4, 5
ol n ss
B a Pa , 3
Boled V lle
a a y, 19
z a i , 5 , 6 , 24 , 49 , 5 7 , 7 7
Bo d r tr be E a st wi c k 5 0 5 3
E p hth a l i tes or Wh i te H uns
, ,
element n
B ra h o i i Ba i, 24 loch , ,
29
r ce
B rah o i a , 1 3 , 4 0 , 4 1 - E r i cl an 6 6 ,
88 TH E B AL O CH R ACE
F . I sm a il Kh an D odai
’
,
41 , 46
F a t h Kh an D od ai 4 1 4 s Is t a kh ri , 2 9 , 3 1
, , ,
F err i er s C a r a v a n J ourne y s
’ ‘
,
’
7 , 2 0,
J
21, 52
J a c o b a b a d Di str i ct , 1
F i rd a u s i s S h ah n am a , 2 1 , 2 2 , 2 6 2 8
'
-
J a gi n , 3 6
F i ri s h t a s Hi y, 42 stor
’
J a h l a w an , 2
J a k h a r J a tt, 1 9
G J a k r an i tr i be , 5 , 1 9 , 5 8
G a bol tri be ,
5 0, 5 5 J a l al Kh an , M i r 3 6 ,
G adh i tr i be ,
39 J am Dy n a st y ( S a m m as o f S i ndh ) ,
G a n d a g w al a gh , cl a n of D urk an i s , 2 4 38
G a nd av a , 3 , 46 J a tk i e l ement i n B a loch i , 2 4
G e dro s i a , 9 , 2 2 J a to i tr i be , 2 0 , 3 6 , 4 8 , 5 5
G e dro si i , 9 , 2 2 J a t ts a mon g B a l o c h e s , 1 4 , 3 8
G h al ch a s , 1 0, 1 1 J a t t s i n M e k ran a n d Kerm an , 3 0
G h a z a n i Cl a n , 3 6 , 7 6 J b a rej a tr i be , 38
Gh az i Kh an , D od ai , 4 1 , 4 6 J i nd an i cl a n , 6 , 7 8
G holo tr i be , 3 9 , 5 5 J i s t k an i tr i be , 4 7 , 4 8 , 5 5 , 8 1
G hul am an i B o z d ars , 6
Ghul am B ol a k cl an , 4 , 4 9 , 7 8 K .
Ghul am Muh a mm a d B al ach ani , 5 3 K a ch G a nd av a

-
,
3
G i ch k i tr ibe , 1 6 , 5 1 K a chh i 3 ,
Gi sh Kh a ur , 1 9 K a h i r i tr ibe 1 9 , ,
2 0, 4 9 , 5 8
G i s h kh a u ri tr i be , 1 9 , 5 9 , 7 7 K a i K aus 2 6 ,
Gi l , 2 7 , 2 8 Kai 26
G i l an i , 2 7 , 2 8 K a lh o ra s of S i ndh , 5 0
Gop an g tr i be , 3 9 , 4 8 , 5 5 K a lm a t , 2 0 , 4 9 , 5 0, 5 5
G o rg e z h c l a n , 4 9 , 5 5 K a l m a t i tr i be , 2 0 , 4 9 , 5 0 , 5 5
G u l ph adh , cl a n of D ri s h a k s , 2 4 K a lo i cl a n , 6 0 , 7 7
G urch an i tr i be , 6 , 3 9 , 4 9 , 5 8 , 84 K a l ph u r cl a n of B u gh t i r, 2 4
G urm an i c l a n , 4 8 , 6 0 K a o d a i Kor ai , 1 6
-
K a r ach i , 2 0
H .
K a rm a t i a n s , 2 0
H a ddi an i L e g h ari s , 6 , 7 7 K a sr an i tr i be , 4 9 , 5 8 , 7 7
H a i b a t an i L e gh ari s , 6 , 7 9 Kenned y , Mr J v i e w s of, 1 3
.
H a i g Gener a l quoted 4 3 Kerm an , th e B al o c h e s i n , 1 4 , 2 9

_
, , ,
H a j an i cl a n 6 0 ,
K h ab is , 3 2
Ha m z a M ir 1 7 2 1 34
, , , ,
Kh a l il an i G u rc h an i s , 8 4
H ar i n 3 6 ,
K h a n i k o ff, v i e w s of , 7 , 8
H a s a n i tri be 5 0 5 8 , ,
Khetr an tr i be , 1 6 , 1 7
H e t i l Ra m R B 2 1 3 5 ,
. .
, ,
Khos a tri be , 5 , 2 3 , 4 9 , 5 6 , 8 1 , 8 3
H i n dii Kush tr i bes of 1 0 , ,
Khush ab , 4 6
H old i ch S i r T 7 8 2 0 ,
.
, , ,
K i rd g al i ( K i r g al i ) or B ra h o i l a n
H ot tribe 2 3 5 3 6 3 9 46 4 8 5 5
, , , , , , , ,
gu a ge, 3
H o t w an i Gurch an i 8 4 ,
K i rd S e e Kurd
.
H u ghes Buller Mr R ( C ensus

-
,
. . Koch r a ce , 2 , 2 3 , 2 6 3 1 -
Report ) 5 5 1 , ,
Koch r a ce comp a red wi th B ra h o i ,
H us a i n Sh ah L a n g ah 4 1 4 2
, , , ,
41
K o l an c h , 1 9
Kor ai tr i be , 3 6 , 5 6 , 4 8, 5 6
Idr i s i 2 9 3 1
, , Kot K a ror , 42
-
I m a m B a k hsh Kh an N a w ab S i r , , 6 Kul ach i , tr ibe a n d to w n , 1 9 , 2 0 , 4 8 ,

I ra n i a n or igi n of B a loc h 7 1 3 , , 60
IND EX
Ku n g tr ibe 5 ,
N uh an i tri be ,
5 6 , 78
K u pc h an i c l a n 60 N ii m ri s , 1 5
,
Kurd tr ibe 3 1 , ,
4 1 ,
5 5 N ut k an i tr i be ,
1 8, 49 , 6 0
L P .
L a n gah tri be ,
and d yn a st y ,
5 , 41 , P a rth i a P a rth i a ns 9 1 3
,
45 Ph a ll i defined 4 6
, ,
L sh r 1 9
a a ,
Ph ar a defined 4
, ,
L a sh ar i tr ibe 3 6 1 9 3 6 5 6 8 1 , , , , , ,
Phu l eji ( P i l l aji ) 1 8 ,
L a s k an i cl an 6 0 Ph u z h cl a n of Ri nds 5 6 ,
,
L a ssen v i e w s of 7 2 1
, , ,
Pi t af i cla n 6 0 ,
L e gh ar i tr i be 5 6 2 3 4 9 5 8 7 9 , , , , , ,
P ott in g er s tr a vels 7 8 8 5
’
, , ,
L or i ( mi nstrel tri be ) 1 7 ,
Proper n a mes of B al o c h e s , 25
L und tribe 5 2 3 4 9 5 9 7 8 8 0
, , , , , ,
Q
L u s c h a n D r von v i e w s of 8
.
Q a i s a ran i S e e K a sr an i
.
, , ,
L i It ( desert ) 2 8 3 1
.
Q a n d ran i c l a n , 6 0
, ,
M . Q u fj S e e Koch
.
M a ga s 1 9
,
Q u fs S e e Koch
.
M a g h a s s i tr ibe 3 1 9 2 0 4 9 8 1 , , , , , R
M a h m i i d of Gh a z n i 2 0 3 2
M a m a s an i tr i be 1 7 5 2
, ,
R a hej a cl a n of B u g h t i 4 6 1 , 79
M a rri tr i be 4 2 3 48 5 9 7 6 84
, ,
R a i s an i cl a n ,
59, 78
M ar w ari s 1 7
, , , , , ,
R a jput origi n of B a loch d i scussed ,
,
7 , 1 0, 1 4 1 9
M a shor i 6 0
-
R hsh
ak R a k s h an i ( R a shk an i ) cl a n
,
M a sor i cl a n of B u gh t i 6 0 6 2 , ,
, ,
M a sson tra vels of 7

, ,
R a md an i L e gh ari s 7 9
M a sto i cl a n 6 0 7 7 , ,
R a nn of Ka ch 1 5
,
M a s ii d i , 2 6 , 2 9 , 3 0
‘ ,
R a v e r t y s Notes on Af g h a n i st a n
‘
’ ’
M a z ar an i cl a n , 6 , 7 0 ,
85
M a z ar i tr ibe ,
4 6 , 1 8, 48, 5 6 , 7 0, 7 1 ,
-
R a v e rt y
’
T a b a kat i N asi r i ’
s - -
3 2, 3 3,
7 7, 8 1 , 82 ,
38
Med , M e dh , 1 7 R in d tr i be 3 , 5, 36, 37, 5 7
M e k ran , 1 0 , 1 4 , 5 1 ,
Meks i M a gh a s s i , 5 2
-
R ind tr i be d i str ibut i on of 4 8 4 9
, , ,
M ir al i tr ibe 56
R ind tr ibe or igin of n a me of 1 5 2 3
, , ,
M i rran i cl a n of D od ai 3 9
,
4 8, 84
R i sle y s T r i bes a n d C a stes of Ben
’
g al , 1 1
, ,
M i s t a k an i cl a n of M a z ar i 6
Mle ch h a , 1 5 , 2 1
,
Rust a m an i c l a n of L e g h ari s , 7 9
Mock ler C ol E ,
. .
,
9 ,
2 1 ,
2 2 ,
86 S .
Muh a mm a d b i n S am , 2 0
S a k a r a ce , 1 3
M ul t an 4 1 4 5
,
-
S a k a st e n e , 1 3
S a mm a R aj p ut tri be 3 8 , ,
42
N ah a r tr i be ,
5 S a nj a r an i tr i be 5 2 6 0 , ,
N a h ri i i tr ibe 5 2 ,
S a r a w an B ra h o i s 2 ,
N a murd i c l a n 5 6 ,
S a rb a nd i tri be 5 2 ,
N a u s h i rv an i tr i be 5 1 ,
S a t g a rh a , 4 4 , 4 5
N a ush i rv an S a ssa ni a n K i n g , , 27 Sh ah Be g , A rg h ii n , 4 5
N e r v i Ii N a h rii i , 5 2
-
S h ah n am a of F i rd a us i quoted , 2 1 ,
N i ck n a mes , 2 3 2 2, 2 6 2 8 -
N o dh a k an i S e e N utk an i
. S h a h rk i t r i be , 5 2
N o dh b a n d a gh , 1 8 S h a i h a k an i G u rch an i , 8 4
Nodh , N o dh o , 1 8 S h a m b an i cl a n , 6 , 5 9 , 7 8 , 8 0
N oh S e e Nuh an i
. S h a m s u d d i n of S i st an , 3 5
’
-
B AL O CH R ACE
Sh ik arp ur 1 T a rkh an n am a 4 5 -
,
Shor 4 2
, T rumpp D r 1 0 , .
,
Shork o t 42 , T u h fa t u l K i r am 3 6
’
-
,
S i ndh i e l ement i n B a l och i 2 4 , T um a n defined 2 3 , , ,
S i ndh S ag a r D o ab 4 7
-
, T u m a n d ar, 2 , 3
S i rk an i cl a n of L e gh ari s 7 9 , T u a i Ha i a
rb t d ri 3 3
- -
,
S i st an ( S i ji s t an ) B a l o c h e s i n 3 , ,
1 3, T urk i words i n B a loch i 1 3 ,
3 1 35, 5 1, 52
-
T urkom a ns comp a r i so n w i th 7, 9
, ,
S i tpur ,
42
S o dh as , 38
Sohr b D od
a ai , 4 1 , 8 4 U jfal v y , M de , 1 0 , 1 2 .
Somr R j p ts
a a u , 1 9 , 3 7, 38 U m aran i tr i be , 3 6 , 3 7 , 4 9 , 7 6
Sp i e g e l quoted 7, 1 0
W
,
Suh n i cl n
ra a , 60
Sy ha l af M a z ari s , 2 4 , 7 7
-
We i l s G esch i chte der Ch a l i fe n
’ ’
29
Wh i te H u ns 2 9
,
Sy ha ph adh D u rk an i s , 2 3 , 7 8
-
1
,
S y k es M a j or
,
P . Moles w orth
quoted 7 ,
,
Y
T Y ak ii t s g eo gr a ph y quoted 2 9
’
, , 31,
T a b a ri s Hi stor y , 2 6 , 2 9
’
32
T a b a kat i N as i r i , 3 2 , 3 3
- - Z
T a i m i i r s i nv a s i ons , 3 4
’
Z a rk an ( K ak a r fg h ans ) , 5 9 A
T aj i ks , 1 0 1 2 -
Z a rk an i B u gh t i , 5 9
z
Ta k a r ( subd i v i s i on a m on g M a rr i s ) , 4 Z m a ra i A
f gh ans , 1 9
T al pu rs i of S ndh Z u n n ii n B e g A rg h i m
’
,
5 0, 6 0 - 43 ,
T a ikh i M a s i i m i , 3 8 , 4 3
r '
- -
44
T a ikh i
r -
a i , 42 , 4 5
-
Sher Sh h -
Z ut t = J at t 3 0
B IL L IN G A N D SON S , L TD .
, P R IN T E R S , G U ILD F O R D

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A S I A TI C M O N O G R A P H S .

A rr a n g ements h a ve been m a de fo r the public a t i on of the

(2) W IN T ER N I T Z ( Dr C a t a logue of S a n skrit M S S

in the Roy a l A si a tic Society s L ibr a ry with a n ’

A ppendix b y Mr F W T hom a s 8 v o ; pp xvi. . . . . .

(3) H I RS CH F E L D ( D r New Rese a rches into the

C omposition a n d E xe g e sis o f t h e Qor a n 4 to ; . .

H istoric a l a n d E thnologic a l Sketch ( Price 5 s . .

Mesopot a mi a in the ye a r 1 3 4 0 A D from the . .

a summ a ry of the contents of th a t work ( Price .

Mus a lm a n Numism a tics ( Price 7 3 6d ) . . .

A ny persons wishin g copies of the printed circul a rs

TH E following works o f this series a re n o w for s a le a t the

L ondon W Pr i ce 1 08 a volume excep t vol s 9 1 0

1 2 P a rt I ( Vols I a n d II ) of the Persi a n h i stori a n M i r

K h w an d s Ra u z a t u s S a f a or G a rden of Purity tr a nsl a ted

by Mr E Re h a ts e k a n d cont a inin g the Moslem Version of

o u r Bible stories a n d the lives of the prophets from A d a m

to Jesus a n d other historic a l m a tter 1 8 9 1 a n d 1 8 9 2

3 4 P a rt II ( Vols I a n d II ) o f the a b ove cont a in i n g

a full a n d det a iled l i fe of Muh a mm a d the A postle with a n ,

a ppendix a bout his w i ves concubines children secret a ries , , , ,

serv a nts etc 1 8 9 3 , . .

5 P a rt II ( Vo l III ) o f th e a b ove cont a in i ng the lives

6 The K a th a Ko s a a collection of J a i n stories tr a nsl a ted

from S a nscrit M a nuscripts by C H T a wney M A 1 895 . .

C ollege C a mbridge ) B an a s H a r s a C a rit a 1 8 9 7

o f A bu Muh a mm a d a l Ka sim a l Ha r i r i forming V o l II ,

Ch e n e ry s tr a nsl a tion o f the ﬁrst twenty four M a k am at s sold

with it a s Vol I 1 8 9 8 Price 1 5 3 a volume . . . . .

H ebrew Bible H i st o ri a l e A collection of Jewish legends .

a n d tr a dition s tr a nsl a ted from the H ebrew 1 89 9 . .

logic a l ethics o i the fourth century B C being a tr a nsl a tion . .

o f the Dh a mm a S a n g a ni from th e Ab h i dh a m m a Pit a k a of

the B uddhis t C a non 1 9 0 0 . .

b a d a n Begum a unt of A kb a r the Gre a t tr a nsl a ted from

the Persi a n 1 9 0 2 With illustr a tions

TH E n a me B a loch is used i n two d i st i nct w a ys by tr a vellers

cluding a ll the r a ces inh a bitin g the g eogr a phic a l a re a shown

second pl a ce a s denoting one especi a l r a ce known to them i

selves a n d their neighbours a s the B a loch It i s in the .

l a tter si g niﬁc a tion th a t I employ the word I t a ke it a s .

a pplying to the B a loch r a ce proper not a s comprising ,

Bra h o i s N um ri s a n d other tr i bes o f Indi a n O rigin nor a n y

other r a ces wh i ch m a y be found within the lim i ts o f the

B a lochist a n O n the other h a nd i t does c omprise th e

true B a loch tribes outside those limits wh ether found in ,

Persi a o n the west or in Sindh a n d the P a nj ab on th e

e a st In the n a tive use of the word a p a rt from modern

politic a l bound a ries B a lochis t a n includes Persi a n B a loch

ist a n the Kh an at of K i l a t a n d the British Districts of

Der a Gh az i Kh an ( with the a dj o i ning mount a ins ) J a cob

a b a d a n d p a rt o f Shik arpur a s fa r a s the Indus

the te st o f l a ngu a ge the true Ba l oc h e s m a y be considered

a s those whose n a tive l a ngu a ge is ( or w a s till recentl y )

B a lochi a n d n o t Bra h o i Persi a n Sindh i J a tk i or P a shto

The spelling a n d pronunci a tion of the n a me h a ve v a ried

and th e 0 i n the second Th e tendency o f Modern Pers i a n .

to substitute 17 for a n older 0 everywhere h a s h a d its e ffect

i n Wester n B a loch i st a n where the pronunc i a t i on B a l u ch ,

is I bel i eve he a rd The so und 0 is histor i c a lly older a n d

n a mes such a s Koch H ot D od ai a re a lso frequently

The pronunci a t i on of the vowel in the ﬁrst syll a ble a s a