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Bella Galli
Mr. Watson
4 December 2018
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Semantics
https://www.etymonline.com/word/flower#etymonline_v_8927 –
Flower (n.)
c. 1200, flour, also flur, flor, floer, floyer, flowre, "the blossom of a plant; a flowering plant,"
from Old French flor "flower, blossom; heyday, prime; fine flour; elite; innocence, virginity"
(12c., Modern French fleur), from Latin florem (nominative flos) "flower" (source of
Italian fiore, Spanish flor), from PIE root *bhel- (3) "to thrive, bloom."
From late 14c. in English as "blossoming time," also, figuratively, "prime of life, height of
one's glory or prosperity, state of anything that may be likened to the flowering state of a
plant." As "the best, the most excellent; the best of its class or kind; embodiment of an ideal,"
early 13c. (of persons, mid-13c. of things); for example, flour of milk "cream" (early 14c.);
especially "wheat meal after bran and other coarse elements have been removed, the best part
of wheat" (mid-13c.). Modern spelling and full differentiation from flour (n.) is from late
14c.
In the "blossom of a plant" sense it ousted its Old English cognate blostm (see blossom (n.)).
Also used from Middle English as a symbol of transitoriness (early 14c.); "a beautiful
woman" (c. 1300); "virginity" (early 14c.). Flower-box is from 1818. Flower-arrangement is
from 1873. Flower child “gentle hippie" is from 1967.
Flower (v.)
c. 1200, "be vigorous, prosper, thrive," from flower (n.). Of a plant or bud, "to blossom," c.
1300. Meaning "adorn or cover with flowers" is from 1570s. Related: Flowered; flowering.
Noun
- 1 The seed-bearing part of a plant, consisting of reproductive organs (stamens and
carpels) that are typically surrounded by a brightly coloured corolla (petals) and a
green calyx (sepals).
o 1.1 A flower together with its stalk, picked for use as a decoration.
‘a bunch of flowers’
o 1.2 [mass noun] The state or period in which a plant's flowers have developed
and opened.
‘the roses were just coming into flower’
o 1.3 Northern English informal Used as a friendly form of address, especially
to a young girl or woman.
‘all right then, flower?’
- 2 (the flower of) The finest individuals out of a number of people or things.
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Verb
[NO OBJECT]
- 1 (of a plant) produce flowers; bloom.
‘Michaelmas daisies can flower as late as October’
o 1.1 [with object] Induce (a plant) to produce flowers.
- 2 Be in or reach an optimum stage of development; develop fully and richly.
‘she flowered into as striking a beauty as her mother’
Origin
Middle English flour, from Old French flour, flor, from Latin flos, flor-. The original spelling
was no longer in use by the late 17th century except in its specialized sense ‘ground grain’
(see flour).
Flower
Countable Noun
o A flower is the part of a plant which is often brightly colored, grows at the end of
a stem, and only survives for a short time.
Each individual flower is tiny.
Countable Noun
o A flower is a stem of a plant that has one or more flowers on it and has been
picked, usually with others, for example, to give as a present or to put in a vase.
...a bunch of flowers sent by a new admirer.
Countable Noun
o Flowers are small plants that are grown for their flowers as opposed to trees,
shrubs, and vegetables.
...a lawned area surrounded by screening plants and flowers.
Intransitive Verb
o When a plant or tree flowers, its flowers appear and open.
Several of these rhododendrons will flower this year for the first time.
Intransitive Verb
o When something flowers, for example, a political movement or a relationship, it
gets stronger and more successful.
Their relationship flowered.
Verb Intransitive
o to produce blossoms; bloom
o to reach the best or most vigorous stage
his genius flowered early
Verb Transitive
o to decorate with flowers or floral patterns
Verb
o (intransitive)
to produce flowers; bloom
o (intransitive)
To reach full growth or maturity
o (transitive)
To deck or decorate with flowers or floral designs
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Noun
o [biology] the part of a plant that produces seeds, is often brightly colored and
sometimes has a pleasant smell, or a plant that produces this part.
Verb
o To produce flowers:
Our shrubs flower in late summer.
o [literary] to develop completely and become obvious.
Morphology
*Flower is a free morpheme; therefore, it can stand alone as a word, and it does not have any
bound morphemes attached to it.
Noun/Verb
Noun/Verb
Flower s
Verb
Noun/Verb
Flower ed
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Adjective/Noun
Noun/Verb
Flower ing
Verb
Noun/Verb
De flower
Verb
Noun/Verb
Re flower
Adjective
Noun/Verb
Flower ful
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Adjective
Noun/Verb
Flower less
Noun/Verb
Flower like
Noun
Noun/Verb
Flower er
Verb
Noun/Verb
Un flower
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Adjective
Noun/Verb
Flower y
Syllable (Flow-)
Onset Rhyme
Nucleus Coda
fl o w
Syllable (-er)
Onset Rhyme
Nucleus Coda
(*None) e r
Grammar/Syntax
Sentence
Noun Phrase
Sentence
Verb Phrase
Noun Phrase
Sentence
Orthography
*There are no differences in spelling among individuals in countries or regions who use the
English language.
Phonology/Phonetics
Variety
Area of Usage
The English word flower is used in most countries English-speaking countries, such as in the
United States, in the United Kingdom, and in Canada. It is one of the most common words in the
English language and became a part of the language after the Norman invasion of 1066. During
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this invasion, French-speaking individuals captured and ruled England. Flower stems from the
Old French flor or flour, which had previously originated from the Latin flos or flor-. (Different
https://medium.com/the-philipendium/word-connections-flowers-a6731cc0c1d9
Dialects/Languages Translations
https://www.1800flowers.com/blog/flower-facts/how-to-say-flower-in-different-languages/
Reflection
Flowers bloom into a variety of colorful petals, green leaves, winding vines, and beautiful
silhouettes. I chose the word flower to analyze for this project, because flowers serve as
reminders of joy and new growth and often celebrate positive feelings and events. For me,
studying a word that kindles pleasant feelings encouraged me to want to learn more and apply it
fascinating to dive deeper into understanding its origin and how it has evolved since it was first
applied within a sentence or work. Throughout my research this semester, the linguistic tools and
concepts that the class has taught me has made me more conscious of my own speech and how I
express ideas, and I have acquired skills that will help me to continue to utilize and recognize
The knowledge I have gained from studying morphology and syntax specifically has
greatly affected both my writing and speaking abilities, not only in Grammar and Linguistics but
my other classes, as well. Structures of both a sentence and a single word in a sentence impacts
its meaning and how it is meant to be communicated. As I studied the word flower, I quickly
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realized how diverse it could be when employed correctly in a work of literature. Flower can be
used as a noun, verb, and an adjective. Usually, I only say it when referring to a noun. This
expanded my vocabulary, because, although it is a recognizable word, I can now convey new
notions due to its ability to function as different word classes, depending on the context of a
sentence and morphemes added to the word itself. With this discovery, I was driven to consider
how other basic words could have several definitions and could be used to articulate refreshing
perspectives. In other classes and beyond the boundaries of school, I am eager to see how
linguistics will continue to exhibit itself and affect my own awareness of the English language,
because it has already inspired me to be more mindful of how I converse with others and write
appreciation of the complexity of the language I use to connect with those and the world around
me has grown, as well as my cognizance of those who do not speak the English language.
Linguistics affects all languages, because it involves understanding the historical background of
how words came to exist and advance, and it influences the communication dynamic within a
small or large group of people. Much of the English language itself developed from foreign
languages such as Latin, French, and German, according to my research. For the word flower,
much of its origin relates to Latin and French. Foreign cultures and languages have contributed
to the foundation of our language, and I have a better grasp of how interconnected the globe is
due to the sharing of languages and values of listening to and interacting with one another.
Overall, I have obtained a large amount of knowledge on the study of the structure of the word
flower, how it functions within sentences and on its own, and how it can shape the ideas I wish to
express. It is thrilling to know that there is more to be learned each day about how and why I
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will apply my new knowledge and gratitude to the language I speak as I move forward in my