PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Expected research needs for innovating

intercity transport : Current
Discussions in Vietnam
Author : Group 4

Presented at
class 21B, 24/11/2011

24/11/2011 1
Contents

 Introduction
 Overviews of Intercity Transport in Vietnam
 Research Needs
 Conclusions

24/11/2011 2
Introduction: Vietnam a Country

• Located in Southeast Asia

• Capital city: Hanoi
• Socialist Republic Regime
• Population: 85.6 million (2009)
• GDP per capita: US$ 1000
• HDI: 105 (2007)
• Currency: Vietnam Dong
• Language: Vietnamese
• Member: UN (1976), ASEAN
(1995), APEC (1998), WTO (2007)

Source: VITRANSS 2

24/11/2011 3
Overviews of intercity
transport in Vietnam

24/11/2011 4
Overview of intercity transport issues

 Booming transport demand and Rapid motorization

 Fast growth of transport expenditures but still lack of high
speed transport infrastructure and service
 Big gaps between planned and actual financing
implementation
 State budget and ODA are still the main source
 Successful in enhancing development and improving
accessibility of rural and poor people
 Successful in improving mobility but not traffic safety
 Acceptable transport efficiency except railway and inland
water way sub-sector
24/11/2011 5
 Transport Demand is growing intensively
Motorization in Vietnam (1990-2006)
Passenger (1000 trip /day)
20,000,000
Freight (1000 ton/day) 18,000,000
16,000,000
4000 14,000,000
12,000,000
3000 10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
2000 4,000,000
2,000,000
0
1000

1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
0
Motorcyle Autmobile
1999 2008 2020 2030
Between 1999-2008: Passenger growth Rapid motorization: - Extreme High
5.76%/year, Freight growth 21.12% Motorcycle Ownership; Starting car-boom
Source: adapted from VITRANSS II

24/11/2011 6
Infrastructure:Lack of capacity +
ineffective management

32 National transport corridors

North-South Political Axle

Road: 202.576 km (17.300 km NR)

Railway: 2.362 km (1000 mm
gauge)
300 locomotives
Airport: 20 (3 International airport)
52 Aircraft
Port: 80 (3 Regional gates)
928 vessel (1.8 mil DWT)
Inland waterway: 9800 km
8300 boats
(3.7 mil. DWT)
Source: Ministry of Transport of Vietnam, 2007

Dương Đình Khánh 3/12/2019 Source: VITRANSS II 7

Transport policies

 Infrastructure development policy:

 Road based development policies versus a new fever of North-South
High Speed Raiwal – Japanese Shinkansen
 Focus on new construction other than maintenance;
 Lack of prioritization in the development infrastructure
 Vehicle policies
 Protectionism of domestic vehicle industries but lack of consideration in
vehicle quality management
 Keeping high access price for individual vehicles
 Transport Services
 Decentralization process is going fast in road, aviation and water
transport services, except the railway.
 Heavy budget subsidy is giving to public transport in the big cities while
lack of market mechanisms to administer transport services.
 Fuel policies
 Leaded gasoline was prohibited since 7.2001
 Government kept control of fuel price until the end of 2007
 Lack of consideration to alternative fuels

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 A new fever: North-South
High Speed Railway
 Terminals: Hanoi and HCMC
 Route length(km): 1,540
 No of Stations: 25 with Average
distance between stations of
64km
 Maximum Speed: 300km/hour
 Travel Time between Hanoi and
HCMC: 5h25 min (in case stopping 6
priority stations only)
 Investment Cost: US$38 billion
excluding rolling stock,
contingency and taxes (total cost
is approx. US$60 billion)
 Government target date: 1.1.2020
 Recommended date: 1.1.2036

Source: VITRANSS II
9
A new fever: North-South
High Speed Railway

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Future transport issues demanding research activities
Infrastructure
 Disconnect of urban and regional
planning with infrastructure
development
 Compartmentalized subsector
planning that hampers inter-modal
and multi-modal transportation
complementation
 Imbalances in resource allocation
between sectors, and between capital
and maintenance expenditures
 Lack of sustainable source of
financing for transportation,
particularly for IWT and railways
 Productivity enhancement measures
on existing assets has not been given
more attention, especially in ports and
airports
 Carbon emission and energy
demand, with rapid motorization
 Appropriate participation by private
Services
 Low level of safety, particularly in road
subsector and railway crossings
 Inefficient pricing and regulation
across all modes that result in
imbalances of mode choices and
investment
 Extensive involvement of State in the
provision of services, particularly in
ports and shipping
 Low quality transport services,
particularly in buses, railway and IWT
 Transition from motorcycles to public
transit in inter-city and regional
passenger transport
 Increasing need by export industries
for more sophisticated logistics
services
 Connecting remote villages and
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Issues of transport researches in Vietnam

 Political-objective-led studies and activities of transport

research society (lack of neutral voice)
 Infrastructure and constructive domination
 Infective research and study management system
 Lack of local resources for scientific researches
 Disconnection between research institutions and
industries and authorities
 Lack of domestic and international cooperation in study
and research activities
 Low awareness of scientific ethics, copy and intellectual
properties right

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Research Needs

Research Needs

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Research needs on inter-city transport in Vietnam

 Transportation planning
 Development and Formalization of transport planning system (vertical
hierarchy and horizontal network)
 Development an formalization of planning guidelines and tools with
regards about the Vietnamese transport conditions
 Coordination and Integration between Transport Planning and Land
use planning process (functional and institutional)
 Planning institutions (structure & procedure; study & Implementation)

 Traffic safety
 Driving behaviors: Effective driver and road/boat user training and
education; Effective warning and enforcement measures
 Infrastructure: Separation of road traffic flows (inter-city and local,
two-wheelers and four-wheelers; Motorized vehicles and NMVs):
permanently and/or temporarily; Emergency survival solutions
 Vehicle: Pro-active vehicle quality control system; Automatic safety
support systems in vehicles
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Research needs on inter-city transport in Vietnam

 Transport service quality

 Development of applicable quality indicators of: Service access
facilities & media; On-board service conditions; Travelling
behaviors
 Quality management system: Development, Legalize and
institutionalize of the QMS => Performance management for
authorities and operators
 Logistics
 Basic logistics studies: Industry structure, business models; Time,
cost, quality of service
 Intermodalization of transport service: Institutions (structure and
procedure); Market segments and interchanges (services and
facilities); Information technology applications
 Quality management system of logistics
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Research needs on inter-city transport in Vietnam

 Environmental Impacts of Intercity Transport

 Monitoring and assessment of environmental impacts: Quality
management system for vehicle inspection process; Development
and formalized of CO2 & emission foot-print measurement system
for transport and logistics services
 Technologies: Adoptions of low-emission alternative fuels and
vehicle technologies; Low-emission and noise-reduction
infrastructure designs
 Financing transport system
 Transport pricing: Development and formalization of a transport
asset pricing system and procedure; Development and
formalization of environmental pricing for transport vehicles
 Funding transport: Development and formalization of effective PPP
models in infrastructure and service provision; Development and
formalization of land-value capture tax scheme
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Conclusions and Recommendations

 Current issues and future challenges are demanding for

research in inter-city transport in Vietnam
 Lack of number and quality of researches on inter-city
transport in Vietnam
 There are needs of researches in all areas of intern-city
transport
 Cooperation and coordination in research are in urgent
 Connectivity between research institutions and industries
and government authorities is necessary
 International cooperation and Internationalization of
research institutions are in urgent
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Estimated Demand–Supply ◄ 2030 Situation ►
Gap by 2030 (Passenger) Road (Do Nothing) Air

 Road capacity will become

insufficient by 2030 in
many areas of Vietnam

 VNR capacity around Hanoi

and HCMC may fall in short

 Airport capacity in Danang

will fall in short
Pax/Day VNR
25,000

20,000

15,000 2008

2030
10,000

5,000

0
ng

C
nh
i

on
No

M
Na
Vi

Nh
Ha

HC

18
Da

y
Qu
Estimated Demand–Supply Ton/Day
VNR
Gap by 2030 (Freight)
80,000
70,000

60,000

 Freight transport
50,000 2008
40,000
2030

demand for VNR will

30,000
20,000

grow drastically in the

10,000

C
oi

n
nh
future. If no

ho
an

M
aN

Vi

C
N
aN
H

H
uy
D

Q
improvement is done Port IWT
for VNR, the demand
will shift to road and
partially to shipping.

 Demand for IWT will

increase particularly in
the Mekong Delta.

 Port capacity in most

port groups may be
insufficient by 2030 19
Public transport

Thank you very much for your attention...!

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