Design and Implementation of Vertical Wind Turbine at Gusa Coastal Road
Michael E. Estrera
Bachelor of Science and Electrical Engineering
University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines
Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines
Mchlestrera@gmail.com
Abstract — Energy is an essential ingredient of
socioeconomic development and economic growth.
Renewable energy sources like wind energy is indigenous and
can help in reducing the dependency on fossil fuels. Wind is
caused by differential heating of the earth's surface by the
sun or breeze. It has been estimated that roughly 10 million
MW of energy are continuously available in the earth's wind.
Gusa Coastal Road has no street lights thus it creates
danger to the society. Wind energy has been identified as a
promising renewable option at Gusa Coastal Road. The
objective of this study is to Design and Implement a Vertical
Wind Turbine that can harness the surface wind and from
moving vehicle. The researcher will gather the following
surface winds and wind from moving vehicle to classify its
wind speed.
In this paper, the Design and Implementation of Vertical
Axis Wind Turbine is explained. Different types of turbine has
been determined. Vertical axis wind turbines like the
Savonius appear to be suited for the conditions of low wind
speed. The relevant design parameters and theories were
studied in this paper and used to determine related design
geometry and requirements of the Savonius rotor blade.
INTRODUCTION
Streetlights, more than tens of thousands of them
spread throughout the entire city, represent an impressively
large drain on city budgets. [1] Streetlights are long-term
investments which it is needed to last more than 10 year or
more. They are often cities' primarily or secondary energy
demand, and can amount to somewhere between one-quarter
and one-half of a city's entire energy bill, sometimes even
more.
One of the ingredient for socioeconomic
development and economic growth is energy.[2] Lessening
the use of fossil fuel and relying on the renewable energy can
help to listen global warming, renewable energy like wind,
solar and wave. Another energy created by solar energy
which is indirect form of solar energy is wind which is
always being replenished by the sun. Due to differential
heating of the earth’s surface sea breeze and land breeze is
created. It has been estimated that roughly 10 million MW of
energy are continuously available in the earth's wind. Wind
energy like solar energy is an environmental friendly option
for source of energy.
VAWT was observed that it plays a vital role in the
present energy crisis Due to energy crisis humans are now
dwelling in a world with solar panels and wind turbines.[3]
Wind energy has been identified as a promising renewable
option although the full life cycle accounting shows
VAWTsare advantageous on a cost basis or materials basis
over horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs).
A. Statement of the Problem
Streetlights has the city’s biggest energy demand
that causes power shortage. Gusa diversion road, Cagayan de
Oro City don’t have any street lights along the way. Thus this
place can be dangerous for the people who will pass by. Gusa
diversion road has higher potential of surface wind energy
because it is in between with sea and land which causes sea
breeze and land breeze and with additional factor of wind
from the moving vehicles since it has no traffic. The
researcher conduct this study to design and implement a
vertical wind turbine for a multi power generation streetlight
that harness the surface wind and wind from moving vehicles
at Gusa coastal road and can improve the safety of the area.
B. Objective of the Study
The main objective of this study is to design and
implement a vertical wind turbine that is connected to a multi
power generation street lights at Gusa coastal road. In
designing a turbine, the researcher must aim to do the
following in order to achieve the main objective.
1. To assess the wind potential at Gusa Coastal Road
2. To design and simulate a vertical wind turbine
that can power a stand-alone street light that is
connected to a multi power generation at Gusa
coastal road.
3. To design and fabricate the wind turbine by any
casting material that can be
manufactured locally.
4. To harness the surface wind and wind from
moving vehicles
C. Significance of the Study
The purpose of this study is to design and implement
a vertical wind turbine that uses the wind surface and wind
from moving vehicle as a source for renewable energy. The
study is significant in the following ways
1. The study aims to give an idea on the future
researchers on a design of a vertical wind turbine as using the
surface wind and wind from moving vehicle as their source to
power a vertical wind turbine
A. Flowchart
1
 E. Wind Assessment
Wind assessment is important in designing a wind
turbine, hence the wind velocity is the most important factor.
The researcher will use the method of Average wind speed
since the area of the study is plain unlike a rural area that is
wind distribution is needed. To assess the data that will be
gathered, first the researcher will get the daily average wind
speed adding both minimum and maximum, second the
researcher will get the whole average of the daily average
wind speed which will be based on the number of days of the
data gathered. Thus the researcher will identify the wind
speed type. Also in assessment of the wind coming from
moving vehicle the researcher will also base the result on
figure 9.
F. Calculation and designing
The available power (Pa), which is also the kinetic
energy (KE) of the wind, can be defined as:

1
  . As .V
3
P a
2 (1)
Where V is the velocity of the wind [m/s] and ρ is the air
density kg/m^3 the reference density used its standard sea

s
 AV
level value (1.225 kg/m^3) and = wind mass flow
rate striking the swept area of the wind turbine (kg/sec). But
the swept area is the product of rotor height, H and rotor
Figure 1: Research Flowchart A
diameter, D ( s = H*D) thus the larger the swept area the
larger the power will be generated, therefore the actual power
B. Data Gathering
becomes:
The researcher will gather data especially the wind
data at Gusa diversion coastal road for the potential of the 1
 .H .D.V
3
vertical wind turbine in the area with the use of anemometer
and other tools and techniques that is used for wind
P a
2 (2)
assessment. The researcher also need to gather article’s that
will help to provide theories, processes and concepts on
developing the objective of the study. Any other material will The power that the rotor extracts from the wind is:
be used in understanding the concept and theories about a
vertical wind turbine. P W
 T* 
(3)
The researcher will create wind pattern of surface wind and
wind from moving vehicle at Gusa diversion coastal road. And to get the torque in SI units is:
The data gathered will be average adding both minimum and
maximum. Then data gathered will be plotted using T=P (9.549)/n (4)
Microsoft Office. The researcher needs internet for other
Where n is the revolution per minute.
means of understanding the theories and concept and getting
relevant studies about the vertical wind turbine. According to Betz limit, there is at most only 59.3 % of the
wind power can be converted into useful power. Some of the
energy may lose in gearbox, bearings, generator, transmission
D. Site Location and others. Thus power coefficient consider in this study is
The researcher decided to implement the design in equal to 0.30.
Gusa Coastal Road, Cagayan de Oro City. The area must not Thus having the cube of wind velocity in Equation (3.1)
be too far from the other renewable energy (wave and solar), shows how wind speed affects the power output. Three wind
and must be elevated above the ground thus it will not cause speed parameters where consider in this project: cut-in speed,
any disturbance in the area especially it is a sidewalk. rated wind speed and cut-out speed.

2
 VCut-in = 0.5 Vavg. (5) This chapter discuss about the results gathered by the
researcher in the study of vertical-axis wind turbine. The
Vrated= 1.5 Vavg. (6) following results that are discuss Wind speed of the site,
VCut-out = 3.0 Vavg. (7) Voltage and Power output of the turbine comparing the two
results with deflector and without deflector.
Shikha [17] reported a new vertical axis wind rotor for low
wind speed areas with a convergent nozzle for the B. Site Location
amplification of wind speed. Such novel rotors can be built in
small units instead of large central power plants suitable for
different load requirements. The importance of the work is
especially due to the current trend of high power generation.
Another success has been made to analyze the optimal nozzle
dimensions for a better performance of the system.

Aspect ratio is for Savonious wind turbine is presented below

AR = H/D (8)
Tip speed ratio, λ is defined as the ratio of the linear
speed of rotor blade ω.Rto the undisturbed wind speed, V
[30]. ω is the angular velocity and R represent the radius
revolving part of the turbine. The maximum tip speed ratio
that Savonius rotor can reach is 1. High tip speed ratio
improves the performance of wind turbine and this could be
obtained by increasing the rotational rate of the rotor [28].
Hence in this study the value for the tip speed ratio is 1.
λ = ω.R / V (9)
To calculate the speed of the turbine, Equation (10)
shows the relativity of the wind velocity.
Figure 2: Site Location (credits to Google Map)
C.Wind Assessment
Wind assessment is the most important part in
designing a wind turbine. Thus it allows the researcher to
verify if turbine are possible to be implemented in the site.
Through data gathering using the data logger which compose
of three cup anemometer, Arduino and SD card module to get
the wind speed. Figure 22 shows the data gathered by the
researcher in Gusa Coastal Road, Cagayan de Oro City.

v
60( )
Rpm= 2 r
(10)

F. Project Outline

Figure 3: Summary of Data gathered of Surface Wind speed

at Gusa Coastal Road, CDO City

The researcher then get the average daily which was shown in
Figure 2: Project Outline the graph after that the researcher again get the average of the
daily average wind speed by adding it all divided by the
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION number of days which the data has taken. The figure above
A. Introduction shows that at the month of August have higher average
velocity than of that September and October. The result

3
having average of 2.0854 m/s of the total average would be Table 2: Summary of Design Turbine Parameters
used to get other wind parameters and below are the
calculations.
Parameters Values

Power Generated 1.349W

Rated Wind Speed 3.128

Diameter 0.90m

Height 0.90m
Swept Area 0.81

Aspect Ratio 1

Tip Speed Ratio 1

Number of Blades 4
Figure 4: Summary of Data gathered of Wind speed of
moving vehicle at Gusa Coastal Road, CDO City

By using a digital anemometer the researcher gather

the data of wind speed from moving vehicles taking 15 trials
which was done along the side lanes of the road. In this study
any type of vehicle has been considered. Due to the reason
that the road has 4 lanes wind speed coming from the vehicle
is not that high that vehicles are going along in the center of
the road. The data gathered from moving vehicles has been
average and resulted to the average of 1.067m/s. Referring
also to figure 9, wind velocity from the moving vehicles are
classified as low.

Table 1: Summary of Results

Wind Result
speed
parameter

1.042 m/s
Figure 5: Designed Turbine (Savonius Type)
3.128 m/s E. Number of Turbines and Electrical Layout

Having the electrical output of 1.349W using the

6.2562 m/s design parameters of the vertical wind turbine we can
obtained the numbers of wind turbines needed to achieve
D. Turbine Design 60W power output. Thus, 60W divided by the electrical
output of each turbine is equal to 44.47 or 45 wind turbines
In the turbine designing, Vertical-axis wind turbine
needed to achieve the 60W power output. Thus according
types Savonius, Darrieus and hybrid are considered. The two
Oasis, it is better to connect the wind turbines using a bus bar.
main types of VAWT are examined: lift turbines and drag
turbines.
After examining drag turbines shows more interest in
developing a wind turbine based on gathered data by the
researcher such that drag type wind turbine are self-excited
and does not any electrical input for rotating the turbine

4
 Figure 1: Electrical Layout for Wind Turbines
The spacing of each turbine should be consider, in
order for the turbine to be efficient it should be place 3-10
times of rotor diameter or 2.7m-9m specifically.
To get the total length of the turbine that will be cascaded in
parallel, Number of turbines is considered. The sum of
turbine diameter and turbine spacing multiply by the number
of turbines. Thus the equation becomes
Total length of 45 Turbines = 45(rotor diameter + turbine
spacing) (11)
= (45) (.9m+2.7m)
= 162m
Figure 2: Actual length of 160 m in Coatal Road (credits to
Google Map)
To verify if 45 turbines with the total length of 160 m is fitted
to the area, the researcher have used the google map. Figure
27 above shows the actual length of 160m at Gusa Coastal
Road.
F. Turbine Simulation
Figure 3: Flow Simulation of the Design Turbine w/o
Deflector
Thus the result of simulation above in figure 8 shows
the movement of the wind to the turbine striking the blades.
The flow of the wind shows the difference between two
opposite’s blades. The wind velocity of the blade at the right
side has line color orange that has an equivalent of 1.5m/s
means that wind passing through the right side is stronger
than of the left side which has colored blue lines that has an
equivalent of -1.740m/s.
G. Site Implementation
Figure 9: Site Implmentation with deflector
The designed turbine was place over side walk as wind is
more available in a higher place.
H. Testing and Result
The turbine has been tested and gathered data without
using the deflector as it only using the wind of sea breeze and
land breeze. Table show the electrical output of turbine
without the deflector.
5

Figure 10: Wind Speed vs Power (w/o deflector)
The figure 11 shown above is the relationship between the
wind speeds vs. output power from the generator without the
use of the deflector. At around the average wind speed which
is 2.0854 shows that the electrical output of the generator of
the turbine which is around 3W.
Turbine with Deflector
After tested without the deflector the researcher install the
deflector for harnessing the wind from moving vehicle.
Figure 11 shows the electrical output of the turbine over
different wind speed.
Figure 11: Wind Speed vs Power (w/ deflector)
The above figure 11 shows the output power of the
generator of the turbine with the used of the deflector. The
graph shows the power output from the surface wind and
wind from moving vehicle.
The power output of the turbine increases after vehicles
passes at wind speed 1 to 2 m/s, the graph shows a large
margin of the resulted power output At some point around 2.8
m/s and above due to the wind produced by the vehicles as
classified as low it does not affect the rotation of the turbine
resulting to the same power output.
Energy Produce by Wind Generator
Figure 12: Data Gathered for (Voltage and Current)
Figure 12 shows the Current and Voltage gathered in the site
using the data logger that is connect to the multi-power
system. The orange line shows the power output of the
turbine, at 11 am to 4pm shows the maximum power output
of the turbine at 5W. And rapidly going down to zero at 6’
clock. The total energy for the turbine that has taken is
31.39388889 Wh.
Current is needed in order to find the size of wire that will be
used as bus wire. To get the current, power divided by the
battery rating thus we get,
(31.39Wh/10h)/12V = 0.26 A (12)
The smallest wire size available from the table 7 is 2.0mm2,
thus it will be used as the bus wire.
6
 Table 2: Aleternating Current Resistance and Reactance for
600-V Cables Phase,60Hz 75’C- Three Single Conductors in
Conduit
Thus the total Energy can be generated from the turbines is:
Total Energy = 31.39Wh*45-2.511293508Wh
Total Energy= 1410Wh
The total energy needed for two street lights for 12h is only
936Wh which can be supplied alone by the Wind Turbines
for more than 1.5 times.

IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Conclusion
As result are presented in chapter 4, the research has
achieve its goal in order to harness the wind from moving
vehicle but as the electrical output is not enough to stand
alone supply the two streetlight which has 60W rating does
To calculate the Ploss, we can get in the equation below. the researcher makes an alternative to solution increase the
number of turbine that can be used to achieve the desired
output. After cascading the 45 Turbines the power output was
enough to supply the streetlights more than 1 and half of the
Ploss = (I^2) (R) energy. The researcher was able to find alternative solution to
(13)
power the two street lights. There are two kinds of data that is
Ploss = (I^2) (Length of wire) (Resistance of Wire per meter) gathered using anemometer: Surface wind and Wind from
moving vehicles, both were analyze and used to conclude that
Thus referring to table 7, the available surface wind speed of Gusa coastal road can be
classified as low same as the wind speed of the moving
For turbine 1, Ploss1= = vehicle. The researcher has successfully simulated the design
using solidworks and the turbine parameters. The wind
0.001374545 W turbine was successfully made using the materials that can be
found locally.
For turbine 2, Ploss2 = =
0.003848726 W B. Recommendation
In order to improve the researcher in future purposes
and to increase the electrical output the researcher have the
For Turbine 3, Ploss3 = =
following recommendation.
0.006322906 W
 The turbine should have an additional deflector which
And so on, below are the continuation for the Ploss to turbine harness the wind breezes
number 45.
 To design a generator that is specifically made for the
turbine like axial flux
 To design the turbine base that is capable of another
deflector

Time of Usage =12 hours

System loss = 1.3 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This research would not be possibly done without the

guidance and blessing of almighty God for making all things
possible and also a big thanks for the following people.
= 936 Wh
To my parent, Mrs. Miguela Estrera and Mr. Danilo
Estrera, to my siblings Shirlyn Estrera and Francis John

7
Edyesca , and to April Rose Dimple Toledo for the unending
spiritual, financial and moral support as I pursue my career as
an Electrical Engineering student at University of Science
and Technology of Southern Philippines.
To my relatives especially to Mr. Rodrigo Edyesca and
family for the unending support financially.
To Engr. Rojien V. Morcilla; Engr. Clark Darwin M.
Gozon; Engr. Christopher Dolino and especially to my thesis
adviser for the advises and recommendation for the
betterment of the output of the research
To Mr. Judito R. Hucamis and family for the warm
welcome and accommodation during the making the
manufacturing of the turbine
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