LESSON 8

April 13 2018

UPRHS SH-SCI 9
 Energy

DEFINITION
The capacity to do work
 Work

DEFINITION
The product of the force and the distance moved in
the direction of the force.
SI unit is N-m (Newton-meter)
1 Joule = 1 N-m
 Potential Energy

DEFINITION
The capacity to do work due to the position of the
body

U = mgh = Wh
 Kinetic Energy

DEFINITION
The capacity to do work due to the motion of the
body
1 2
1 𝑊 2
U = mv = v
2 2𝑔
 Power

DEFINITION
Time rate of doing work.
Unit of power is Watt (W)
1 N-m/s = 1 J/s
 Work done by a Spring

DEFINITION
1 2 1 2 2
U = − kx = − 𝑘 𝑥2 − 𝑥1
2 2
(-)sign: movement and force of spring in opp. direction
(+)sign:movement and force of spring is same direction
 Work Energy Principle

DEFINITION
1 2 2
Fd = 𝑈 = − 𝑚(𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 )
2
The work done on a particle is equal to its change in
kinetic energy
 Linear Impulse

DEFINITION
J = Ft

The product of the resultant force acting on a body bad

the time t for which it acts on the body
 Momentum

DEFINITION

P = mv ∆P = m∆v
The product of the mass of a body and the velocity
with which it travels.
The unit is N-s (Newton-seconds)
 Impulse Momentum Principle

DEFINITION

F 𝑡𝑓 − 𝑡𝑖 = 𝑚𝑣 𝑓 − 𝑚𝑣 𝑖

The component of the resultant linear impulse along

any direction is equal to the change in the component
of momentum in that direction
Sample Problem #1
A 300 N block is pushed up a
30° plane by a 400N force
parallel to the plane. If the
initial velocity of the body is
1.5 m/s and μ = 0.2, what
30°
velocity will the body have
after moving 6m?
Sample Problem #2
What distance will Block A B
attain a velocity of 3 m/s,
starting from rest. μ=0.2. 3
Pulleys are frictionless and 4
weightless.
WA = 1500 N WB = 2000N
Block A moves twice longer A
than Block B 4
3
Sample Problem #3
A block moves along a horizontal plane at constant
deceleration. Its velocity decreases from 10 m/s to zero
over a distance of 25 m. If the block weighs 200N:
(a) Determine μ
(b) If a second block is attached on top of the block, what
is the distance thru which the blocks will move before
coming to rest if the initial speed is 1 m/s
Sample Problem #4
A 200 N block slides down
from rest down a plane
inclined at 25° from the
horizontal. What is the
speed of the block after 5
25°
seconds? μ = 0.2
Sample Problem #5
A 200 N block is pulled up a 30° plane by a force P,
producing a velocity of 5 m/s in 5 seconds. If μ = 0.2.
Determine (a) The magnitude of force P (b) If force P is
removed, how much more time will it take to come to rest?

30°
Sample Problem #6
A shot is fired horizontally from a gunboat towards a target.
The total weight of the gunboat is 15 kN. The weight of the
shell is 15 N and emerges out a velocity of 300 m/s.
(a) What will be the velocity of the boat when the shell is
fired?
(b) If the target weighs 100 kN suspended by a rope of
length 2m, what angle would it swing if the shell gets
embedded in it?