Vawt Presentation PDF

GROUP
GROUP PROJECT
PROJECT PRESEN
PRESENTTATION
Group
Group:-
:- RMD & MD (PEMP
(PEMP FT - 10)
Title:-VERTICAL
Title:-VERTICAL WIND
WIND TURBINE
Project leaders:-
leaders:- Dr.Narahari,HOD,
Dr.Narahari,HOD, A&AE Department
Dr.N.S.Mahesh,
Dr.N.S.Mahesh, HOD, MME Department
Project group:-
RMD MD
Mr.Chandramouli H.R. Mr.Lava

Mr.Lava kumar
Mr.Mohan patnaik Mr.Srinath.

Mr.Srinath.k.
k.
Mr.Lokesh
Mr.Lokesh kumar. Mr.Abinandan patil
Mr.Srinath.P.V
Mr.Raghavendra
Mr.Narendra.
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 1
CONTENTS
 Aim ,Obje
bjective and Scope of the projec
ject.
 Introduction
 Methodo
Methodolog
logy
y adopted
adopted
 Desi
Design
gn and
and Fabr
Fabric
icat
atio
ion
n
 Conclusion

AIM & OBJECTIVE
AIM:
Tomodel and explore the Vertical Wind Turbine of a
Savonius rotor (S-rotor) wind turbine adapted for
househol
household/d
d/dom
omest
estic
ic electr
electrici
icity
ty generat
generation
ion
OBJECTIVES:
 Evaluate the best blade offset by field testing using a small
protot
prototyp
ypee model.
model.
Produce a turbine capable of generating 5%~10% of the
household¶
household¶ss electricity
electricity..
 To show
how that usi
using the Savon
vonius turbine for house
usehold
old gen
generation
is a viable option.

Objectives
To study the Savonius generator which relies solely on drag to

prod
produc
ucee a force that turns the turbine
bine shaft
aft.
To understand the fundamentals of turbine design, and to

eval
evalua
uatte the best
best blad
bladee prof
profil
ile.
e.
To stud
study
y the
the gene
genera
rati
tion
on of elec
electr
triicity
city..
To study the occurrence of self ±starting in low wind speeds.
To calcu
alcullate the per
performance of the wind machine
hine
To study the overall structure of the turbine

Scope of the project
The wind turbine set up is used to visualize the flow of wind

energy which converts kinetic energy of wind in to mechanical
energy, which can be diverted to generate electricity.
With the help of this set up homeowners generate their own

clean power, thereby reducing Carbon Dioxide emissions.
It helps in putting the wind to work, the household electricity

bill should be decreased.
Using this set up, it easy to contain the generator and other
electrical parts at the ground level.

INTRODUCTION
Vertical-axis wind turbines are a type of wind turbine where

the main rotor shaft is set vertically.
 The vertical design means that blades pushed by the wind will
turn the shaft to which they are connected.
Fig.1 Vertical Axis wind

turbine (Savonius type)

SAVONIUS TURBINE
The Savonius is a drag-type VAWT.
Savonius wind turbine cannot rotate faster than the speed of
the wind.
Savonius type vertical axis wind turbines turn slowly but

generate a high torque.
Savonius turbines are suitable for small scale domestic

electricity generation -especially in locations with strong
turbulent winds.

Blade Design & Manufacturing outline
 Conceptual Design of Rotating Blades

 CAD model (using CATIA V5)
 Blade material Selection
 Manufacturing Process for the Blade
 Blade Mounting

Rotor Blades
The Savonius rotor concept never became popular, until recently,

probably because of its low efficiency. However, it has the following
advantages over the other conventional wind turbines:
Simple and cheap construction;
Acceptance of wind from any direction thus eliminating the need
for reorientation;
High starting torque;
Relatively low operating speed (rpm)
9
Design criteria
The following are some rules for construction of a Savonius rotor .
The size of the end plates, to which are mounted the buckets,
should be about 5% larger than the diameter of the rotor.
The central shaft should be mounted to the end plates only, and not
through the buckets.
An aspect ratio of about 2 is desirable from the economic point of

view.
Use only two buckets, as a higher number reduces the efficiency.
The use of augmentation devices such as concentrators or diffusers

or combination of the two result in increased power coefficient
10
Basic Blade Designs
It is very strong due to the central shaft, but slightly less

efficient than the other two. However, the extra strength
allows the rotor to be supported at one end only.
This design is also very simple, and can also be made easily
from metal drums or pipe sections. The design is slightly
more efficient than the one above as some of the air is
deflected by the second vane as it exits the first one.
This is the most efficient Savonius design. It not only has

the advantage of air being deflected twice like the design
above, but also that the vanes act partly like an airfoil when
they are edge-on into the wind, creating a small lift effect
and thus enhancing efficiency.
Fig. 2 Blade profiles
Conceptual Design

Nomenclature- D- Rotor Diameter
m- Overlap Distance
q- Radius of circular arc
- Arc angle
p- Straight edge of blade
- Rotation angle
H- Rotor Height
s- End extend 12
Blade Size Calculation
Watts output = Pw = ½ Au3 =1.742pAu3/T= Watts (W)
Power wind = 0.647Au3 W
Where A = area of the turbine, u = wind speed in m/s.
At standard conditions, the power in .8m 2 of wind with a
wind speed of 5.5 m/s is,
0.647 x 1m x 0.8m x (5.5) 3 = 86.11 Watts

Blade with dimensions
Fig.4 Blade dimensions in different views

Catia model
Fig.5 Isometric view of blade

Blade Material and Manufacturing
Material Properties requirements:

Light weight
Corrosion resistant
Good compressive strength
Machinability
Aluminum sheet
Lightweight and tough
hardened aluminum sheet has been
used for turbine blade.

Process for the blade profile
Arc bending
Arc bending has

been done to get the
shape what we require
for our blade profile.

Blade mounting on the shaft
Some gap
has been given
between outer shaft
and blade to make
turbine more
efficient. Because
from this passage
air can pass and hit
the other blade by
this combination
rpm of the turbine
has been increased.
Fig.7 Blade mounting position on the shaft

Structure design
B e a rin g C o v e r
Bearing
O u t e r S h a ft Possibilities for support.
Shaft with one bearing
support at the bottom
C frame with a top and
bottom support
Bearing
Spacer
Shaft with 2 bearing at top
HUB
and bottom and another
75.0
25.0
A
hallow shaft rotating over
the bearings
750 .0
Lock Nut
I n n e r S h a ft

Str ct r si
UB
0 .0 2 A
Base:
75.0
Is a square frame of L angle or

25.0
A
750.0
box structure of 750 Sq.
Fr m t b
A hub is welded to the frame at
W l i
the centre, with a
perpendicularity of 0.02mm,
The hub will have a bore to suit

the inner shaft diameter, this is a
transition fit with a clearance of
0.1 mm.

Structure design
HUB
75.0
25.0
A
750.0
Lock Nut
I n n e r S h a ft
Inner Shaft Outer Shaft
Is a Hallow pipe, in the bottom the shaft is turned to Is a Hallow pipe, with two
3 steps, bearing seating's on top and
1 to suit the bearing ID bottom this is the only support
2 to suit the hub IB for the shaft, and it revolves
3 there is a threaded portion in the end for a lock nut freely on the inner shaft
to lock in position.
O t r s ft t
¥
cycl rim w ldi

¦
¦
§
¨
¦
©


lt Driv
Lager Pulley is welded to the outer shat with a
concentricity of 0.05mm.
Then smaller pulley is mounted on the mounting
plate,
Shims are used for the adjustment of the centre
height and tensioning.
A flat belt is used for connection
r r P ll y
lt
im
m ll r P ll y
M ti Pl t
. 2
£ £ ¤
.
 ¡
¢
2 .
¡
¢
¤
.
 ¡
¢ ¢

Asse l
B e a r in g C o v e r
Bearing
O uter Sh aft
Larger ulle
Belt
Bearing Shi
Spacer S a lle r u lle
0
.
9
HUB ounting late

0 . 02 A
75.0
25.0
750.0
A
L - la te
Lock Nut ra e
In n e r S h a ft

Blade ounting
T p 12
0
.
0
5
Tp
Ø6 Ø1 2
0
.
0 0
5
.
5
2
2
6 Ø12

0
.
5
2
2
0
.
5
2
2
0
.
5
2
2
0
.
5
2
2

anufacturing drawings
$
2
.
  
#
. 
. 2

2 .

  
" . 2
"
!
Hub:
Material is mild steel,


.
The bore of 24 has a close tolerance

of - 0.02,
The top face must have a

2 .

  
2
.
perpendicularity of 0.02 with respect
to the bore.

There is relief in between to reduce

.
the are of contact,


The top bore must be concentric to

!
.
  
. 2
the bottom bore by 0.02mm
 
2 .


 
6 .

  

M f ct ri dr i s
9
2
8
8
.
Inside shaft:
2 .
& &
(
)
. 2
6
7 7
4
.
T s it
ri Material is mild steel,
I 2
2 .
& &
) 5
The overall OD is maintained as 28 mm

3
4
.
Bottom there are threads to suit lock nut and is maintained
2 .
as M24 X 1.5
( & &
)
6
1 & &
2
There is a dia of 24 to suit the hub and there is a tolerance

'
8
.
of 0.02
2
3
2
. Then there is bearing seating to suit bearing ID of 25 mm,
2
- . 2
@
@
@
the perpendicularity has to be maintained
2 .
& &
Towards the other end there is a bearing seating for 25mm

) %
2
2
.
the concentricity w.r.t to other bearing seating and
) '
0
.
& &
perpendicularity has to be maintained

M2 . X .
& & (
% '
T s it it
l ck t

anufacturing drawings
A
2
7 Inside shaft:
0
.
0
Ø42.00 0.02 A
Material is mild steel,
0
.
9
The overall OD is maintained as 54 mm
To suit
At top end there is bearing seating to suit bearing OD
Bearing of 42 mm, the perpendicularity has to be maintained.
9
6
0
1
OD 42 Towards the other end there is a bearing seating for
Ø54.00
42mm the concentricity w.r.t to other bearing seating
and perpendicularity has to be maintained
0
.
9
A
2 Ø42.00 A
0
.
0

CATIA MODEL OF VAWT
Fig. 8 VAWT assembly

BILL OF QUANTITY
1. FRAME 1NO.
2. LOCK NUT 2NOS.
3. HUB ± WIND TURBINE 1 NO.
4. RIM 1 NO.
5. BOTTOM BEARING 1 NO.
6. INTERNAL SHAFT 1 NO.
7. OUTSIDE TUBE 1 NO.
8. TOP BEARING 1 NO.
9. SUPPORTING PLATE PULLEY 1 NO.
10. SPACER 1 NO.
11. PULLEY WITH DYNAMO 1 NO.
12. DYNAMO MOUNTING PLATE 1 NO.
13. SPACER FOR DYNAMO 1 NO.
14. BELT 1 NO.
15. BLADE 2 NOS.
16. BUSHING 10 NOS.

DETAILED VIEW OF VAWT
Fig. 9 Orthographic views

WIND TURBINE MODEL PROCEDURE
Based On Conceptual Design Model As Been Created

Part By Part Using CATIA.
Applied the material properties for all part.
Assembly has done as per fabricating procedure.
Detailing Is Done For Each Parts
Dimensional And Geometric Constraints Are Done For
Sketches and model
Assembly Constrains Are Done As Per Simulation
requirement and arrested the degree of freedom

Length of the Belt
Length of the belt (L):

Length of the flat belt (open) = /2*(D+d) + (D-d) 2/(4*c)+
2*c
Diameter of Rim = 620 mm; diameter of pulley = 100 mm;
Centre to centre distance = 410 mm
Therefore length of the belt = 2110 mm
Considering initial tension of 2% ,length of the belt gets
reduced to 2115- (0.02*2110) = 2068 mm;
Therefore length of the belt = 2068 mm;

Velocity ratio
Without slip:
Diameter of rim= DA ; Diameter of pulley= D B
NB = (DA/DB)* NA = (620/100)*60 = 3 72 rpm;
NB = 372 rpm;
With 2% slip:
NB / NA = (100-s)/100 * (DA/DB);
Velocity ratio = NB / NA= 6.1;
NB = 365 rpm;

Kinematic simulation using Adams

Joints

Simulation video

Simulation video (top view)

Fabrication
As per the design requirement we have chosen following
material for different parts.
For inner shaft, outer shaft, hub, pre load cap for bearing,
Dynamo assembly parts, blade supporting shaft- Mild Steel .
Because its very cheap and most versatile. High strength &
malleability, so it is soft. This means it can be easily machined
& welded.
Blade- Al.
Belt- Nylon.
The machines which were used for manufacturing the parts are
milling, drilling, lathe and laser cutting machine.
Welding
MIG welding (Metal Inert Gas):
The gas which is used is Argon (Ar)

MIG welder uses electrical current to raise the temperature
of the base metal and fuse the filler metal together in an
electrical arc.
Temperature range is 3000- 6000 C
Advantages:
Very smooth welding.
Faster & quicker process.
Economical & easy to use.
Isometric view of blade in catia

Machined parts
Hub Dynamo assembly parts
Lock nut Nylon belt
Blade dimensions in different views

Positioning of Hub Welding of Hub
To the frame
Supporting ribs Setting of bushes for

Blade mounting
Welding of bushes Shaft mounting in
For blade mounting the Hub
Lock nut for Inner shaft

Modification done in fabrication
For achieving the concentricity and accuracy of shafts.

Slots are made for the purpose of reducing the weight of the
rim.
Primary design
Sheet metal Modified assembly
of rim
of rim

Estimated Project Cost
Material cost: Rs 6500/-

Machining Cost: Rs 6150/-
Fabrication Cost: Rs 7300/-
Miscellaneous: Rs 550/-

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GROUP

Mr.Chandramouli H.R. Mr.Lava

Mr.Mohan patnaik Mr.Srinath.

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 2

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 3

To study the Savonius generator which relies solely on drag to

To understand the fundamentals of turbine design, and to

To study the occurrence of self ±starting in low wind speeds.

To study the overall structure of the turbine

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 4

The wind turbine set up is used to visualize the flow of wind

With the help of this set up homeowners generate their own

It helps in putting the wind to work, the household electricity

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 5

Vertical-axis wind turbines are a type of wind turbine where

Fig.1 Vertical Axis wind

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 6

Savonius type vertical axis wind turbines turn slowly but

Savonius turbines are suitable for small scale domestic

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 7

 Conceptual Design of Rotating Blades

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 8

The Savonius rotor concept never became popular, until recently,

The following are some rules for construction of a Savonius rotor .

An aspect ratio of about 2 is desirable from the economic point of

Use only two buckets, as a higher number reduces the efficiency.

The use of augmentation devices such as concentrators or diffusers

It is very strong due to the central shaft, but slightly less

This is the most efficient Savonius design. It not only has

Fig. 3 Blade profiles

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 13

Fig.4 Blade dimensions in different views

Fig.5 Isometric view of blade

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 15

Material Properties requirements:

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 16

Arc bending has

Fig. 6 Blade profiles

Fig.7 Blade mounting position on the shaft

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 18

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 20

Is a square frame of L angle or

box structure of 750 Sq.

The hub will have a bore to suit

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 21

cycl rim w ldi

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 23

HUB ounting late

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 24

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 25

The top face must have a

the are of contact,

The top bore must be concentric to

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 26

The overall OD is maintained as 28 mm

There is a dia of 24 to suit the hub and there is a tolerance

Towards the other end there is a bearing seating for 25mm

perpendicularity has to be maintained

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 27

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 28

Fig. 8 VAWT assembly

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 30

M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 31