UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER

TM3104 Teknik Produksi

Ujian Akhir Semester
Semester I 2015/2016

Student outcome being evaluated No : 1-5 : (e)

1. (20) Two stabilized test were conducted on a well and result the following data. Determine the
incremental production rate at Pwf 2000 psia if the well is stimulated so that the flow efficiency
is improved become 1.3.
Average reservoir pressure : 3482 psia
Well dept : 10000 ft
Test Pwh Qo Press Gradient
(psi) (stb/d) (psi/ft)
1 920 1000 0.232
2 630 2000 0.236
2. (20) Well Z-101 is produced and have the following data :
Present condition Future condition
Reservoir pressure (psia) 2500 2000
Flowing pressure (psia) 1750
Flow rate (stb/d) 2024
Flow efficiency 1.0 1.0
kro 0.8 0.75
kabs 62.5 62.5
Oil viscosity (cp) 0.5421 0.6229
Oil FVF (rb/stb) 1.3190 1.2562
Radius of drainage area (ft) 1500 1500
Wellbore radius (ft) 0.25 0.25
h (ft) 50 50
Calculate flow rte for Pwf = 1500 psia and Pwf = 1000 psia when reservoir pressure drop to 2000
psia.
3. (20) Tentukan ukuran separator horizontal untuk menanani produksi berikut
Oil production : 2000 bbl/d
GOR : 5000 scf/stb
Oil API gravity : 40oAPI
Gas SG : 0.6
Operating pressure : 1000 psia
Operating temperature : 60oF
Droplet size : 140 microns
Retention time : 3 minutes
Gas density : 3.71 lbm/ft3
Drag coefficient : 0.854
Z-factor : 0.84
Hint :
Untuk menyelesaikan soal ini Anda perlu membuat table berikut. Untuk mempercepat
penyelesaian soal, pilih diameter (d) telah disediakan pada table.
 d (in) Gas Leff (ft) Liquid Leff (ft) Lss (ft) Slenderness Ratio
24 … … … …
30 … … … …
36 … … … …
4. (20) The back pressure equation of well Z-101 gas well established using two buildup test. The
stabilized using two buildup test. The stabilized IPR equation is
2 0.766
𝑞𝑔 = 180 (𝑃𝑅2 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 )

The initial reservoir pressure is 1500 psia. The Kansas state regulatory board has reduced gas
allowable from 50 % AOF to 25 % AOF because of the present “ gas bubble” (excessive gas
supply). Well spacing is 320 acres and use data in table below to solve the problem.

Initial reservoir pressure 1500 psia

Net pay thickness 60 ft
Porosity 0.17
Water saturation 0.26
Reservoir temperature 92oF
Gas gravity 0.69
Initial gas compressibility 0.752
Calculate :

a. AOF for well Z-101

b. IGIP
c. Gas rate
d. Wellbore flowing pressure
5. (20) Fill up the “?” in the following production data table assuming that the production follow
exponential decline model.
End of month Qo (stb/d) Np (bbl)
2 100
6 85
14 ? ?
Bonus

6. (5) Explain with figure and text the differences of IPR curve etween production and injection
well.
7. (5) a well with nodal analysis (IPR and TPR curves) is presented in figure below. These are one
IPR curve and 3 different TPR curves as a function of GLR and WC. A measurement data is
represented with a bullet point and none of the TPR curve intersect with measurement. As a
production engineer, explain procedure to match TPR curve with measurement data based on
available condition ?
 GLR : 50 scf/stb ; WC : 97 %

GLR : 100 scf/stb ; WC : 98 %

GLR : 150 scf/stb ; WC : 95 %

Pwf (psia)

Liquid Rate (stb/d)

 TM3104 Teknik Produksi
Jawaban Ujian Akhir Semester
Semester I 2015/2016

1. Incremental production rate

Diket : Ditanya :
̅̅̅
PR = 3482 psia ∆q =?
Depth = 10000 ft
Pwf = 2000 psia
FE = 1.3

Jawab :
Pwf dari test
Test 1 Test 2
Pwf1 = Pwh1 + G1 Depth Pwf2 = Pwh2 + G2 Depth
Pwf1 = 3240 psia Pwf2 = 2990 psia

Pwf1 Pwf2
2.25 ((1 − ̅̅̅ ) qo2 − (1 − ̅̅̅ ) qo1 )
PR PR
FE =
Pwf1 2 Pwf2 2
(1 − ̅̅̅ ) qo2 − (1 − ̅̅̅ ) qo1
PR PR
FE = 0.5
qo1
qFE=1
o max =
Pwf1 Pwf1 2
1.8 FE (1 − ̅̅̅ ) − 0.8 FE 2 (1 − ̅̅̅ )
PR PR
qFE=1
o max = 16237.9 stb/d

Ketika Pwf = 2000 psia

Q @ FE =0.5
Pwf Pwf 2
qo = qFE=1 FE (1 −
o max (1.8
2
) − 0.8 FE (1 − ) )
̅̅̅
PR ̅̅̅
PR
qo = 5631.72 bbl/d

Q @ FE =1.3
Pwf Pwf 2
qo = qFE=1
o max (1.8 FE (1 − ) − 0.8 FE 2 (1 − ) )
̅̅̅
PR ̅̅̅
PR
qo = 12195.15 stb/d bbl/d

Incremental production rate @ Pwf = 2000 psia

∆q = qFE=1.3
o − qFE=0.5
o
∆q = 6563.43 stb/d
2. Flow Rate when PR decline
Diket : Ditanya :
PR = 2000 psia q @ Pwf (1500) =?
Pwf = 1500 psia q @ Pwf (1000) =?
= 1000 psia

Jawab :
IPR Vogel (present)
qo
qmax =
P P 2
1 − 0.2 ( Pwf ) − 0.8 ( Pwf )
R R
qmax = 4324.78 stb/d
1.8 qmax k
JP∗ = (B ro )
PR ∗ ∗ o μo F
JF = JP
stb k
∗
JP = 3.11 (B ro )
d. psi o μo P
stb
JF∗ = 2.66
d. psi

Flow rate saat Pwf tertentu

Q @ Pwf = 1500 psia Q @ Pwf = 1000 psia

JF∗ PR Pwf1 Pwf1 2 JF∗ PR Pwf2 Pwf2 2
qo1 = (1 − 0.2 ( ) − 0.8 ( ) ) qo2 = (1 − 0.2 ( ) − 0.8 ( ) )
1.8 PR PR 1.8 PR PR
qo1 = 1182.2 stb/d qo2 = 2068.9 stb/d

3. Separator sizing
Density
Oil Gas
141.5 γg P
ρo = 62.4 ρg = 2.7
131.5 + API TZ
ρo = 51.48 lb/cuft ρg = 3.71 lb/cuft

Capacity Contrain
Gas Liquid
1
T Z qg qg qg 2
ql t r
d Leff = 420 ( ) (( ) ( )) d2 Leff =
P ql − qg qg 0.7
d Leff = 39.9 d2 Leff = 8571.4
39.9 8571.4
Leff = Leff =
d d2
39.9 8571.4
Leff = Leff =
dn d2n
 Jika Leff liquid > Leff gas, maka pilih Leff liquid
d 4
Lss1 = Leff + Lss2 = Leff
12 3
dn
Lss1 = Leff +
12

Pilih nilai Lss terbesar dari kedua persamaan

Lss (ft)
d (in) Leff (ft)
Lss1(ft) Lss2(ft)
24 14.88 16.88 19.84
30 9.52 12.02 12.69
36 6.61 9.61 8.81

Lss
Slenderness ratio = 12
dn
Pilih nilai Slenderness ratio dengan range antara 3-4 (rule of thumb)
d (in) Gas Leff (ft) Liquid Leff (ft) Lss (ft) Slenderness Ratio
24 1.66 14.88 19.84 9.9
30 1.33 9.52 12.69 5.1
36 1.1 6.61 9.61 3.2

Separator dengan diameter 36 in dan Lss (seam to seam length) 10 ft yang dipilih
4. Well Condition
Diket : Ditanya :
PR = 1500 psia AOF =?
A = 320 acre IGIP =?
2 0.766
qg = 180 (PR2 − Pwf ) qg =?
50% AOF → 25% AOF Pwf =?

Jawab :
2 0.766
a. AOF qg = 180 (PR2 − Pwf )
Ketika Pwf = 0, tercapai AOF
2 0.766 qg 0.766
qg = 180 (PR2 − Pwf ) Pwf = √PR2 − ( )
180
qg = 13.2143 MMSCFD
b. IGIP Pwf = 1371.9 psia
Zi Ti
Bgi = 0.0283
Pi
Bgi = 7.8316 × 10−3 rcf/scf
A h ∅ (1 − Sw )
IGIP = 43560
Bgi
9
IGIP = 13.43 × 10 scf
c. Gas rate
qg = 25% AOF
qg = 3.3 MMSCFD
d. Flowing pressure
5. Cumulative Production
Exponential decline model
Diket : Ditanya :
t1 = 2 month qo =?
t 2 = 6 month Np =?
t 3 = 14 month
qi = 100 stb/d

Jawab :
1 q1 t = t 3 − t1
b= ln
t 2 − t1 q 2 t = 12 month
b = 0.0406 /month

Pada akhir bulan ke-14

Flow rate Cumulative Production
q = qi e−bt qi − q
Np =
q = 61.43 stb/d b
Np = 28500 stb
6. IPR (production & injection)
IPR Production IPR Injeksi
Pwf P

PR +∆P
Fracture
Pressure
PR

qo
IPR Produksi menggambarkan hubungan antara
Pwf pada sumur produksi dengan laju alir produksi
minyak dan digunakan sebagai penunjuk
produktivitas dari suatu reservoir.
7. TPR Matching
Nilai TPR dapat disesuaikan dengan hasil pengamatan dengan cara mengubah GLR, dengan nilai GLR produksi
berada diantara 100-150 scf/stb.
qw, injection
iivnninjecti
IPR Injeksi menggambarkan hubungan antara
tekanan reservoir dengan laju injeksi air, serta
menggambarkn pengaruh dari injeksi fluida pada
sumur injeksi terhadap peningkatan tekanan
reservoir.
 Teknik Produksi
UAS
110 menit
December 2016
Closed Book – No Cheat Sheet

1 The Gas Well No. 1 was tested several times indicating a constant backpressure exponent n = 0.948 and a
transient constant C does not reach stabilization even after nine-day flow periods. Table 1 below consist of
lists reservoir and well data.
a. (5) Calculate 𝒕𝒑𝒔𝒔 considering that the well drains 640 acres.
b. (5) Calculate initial gas in place for the initial reservoir pressure 4500 psia ( m(4500) = 1.18 x 109 psi2/cp ).
c. (5) Calculate gas production rate during transient flow period for the desired flowing bottom-hole pressure
2000 ( m(2000)= 3.53 x 108 psi2/cp ).
d. (5) Calculate the average reservoir pseudo pressure value at the beginning of the the pseudo-steady-state flow
period.

Table 1. Relevant Reservoir and Well Data for The Gas Well No. 1
Porosity, ∅ 0.07
Net Pay Thickness, ℎ 110 ft
Permeability, 𝑘 5.3 mD
Reservoir Temperature, 𝑇 90oF
Initial Gas Viscosity, 𝜇𝑔 0.012 cp
Initial Z-factor, 𝑧 0.925
Initial Total Compressibility, 𝐶𝑡𝑖 0.0016 1/psi
Gas Gravity, 𝛾𝑔 0.712
Wellbore Radius, 𝑟𝑤 0.292 ft
Skin Factor, 𝑆 0
Water Saturation, 𝑆𝑤 0.27

2 (30) A reservoir with two layers “A” and “B”, are produced using
two different wells due to the layers are separated by thick sealing
fault. Layer A is produced through well A01, while layer B is
produced through well B01. Reservoir data and well test data are
presented in Table 2. The wells and surface flowline
configuration are presented in Figure 1. Determine the optimum
production rate for each well with nodal point at manifold. The
inflow performance from tubing and flowline for well A01 is
presented in Table 3. The inflow performance from tubing and
flowline for well B01 is presented in Table 4.
 Figure 1. Well and Surface Flowline Configuration for Well A01 and
Well B01

Table 2. Reservoir data and well test data for well A01 and well B01
Well A01 Well B01
Pr = 1600 psi (Pr<Pb) Pr = 1700 psi (Pr<Pb)
GLRf = 200 SCF/STB GLRf = 800 SCF/STB
WC = 0% WC = 0%
S =0 S =0
Qtest = 600 b/d Qtest = 300 b/d
Pwf test = 1050 psi Pwf test = 1500 psi

Data permukaan & data komplesi: Data permukaan & data komplesi:
Psep = 210 psi Psep = 210 psi
Panjang flowline@ wellhead-manifold = Panjang flowline@ wellhead-manifold =
200 ft 150 ft
Panjang flowline@ manifold-separator = Panjang flowline@ manifold-separator =
300 ft 300 ft
dP/dL = 0.04 psi/ft dP/dL = 0.04 psi/ft
Diameter tubing = 3” Diameter tubing = 2” and 3”
Panjang tubing 3” = 3200 ft Panjang tubing 2” = 2000 ft
Panjang tubing 3” = 1000 ft

Table 3. Pressure drop at tubing and flowling for well A01

Qo Pwf dP/dL dP Pwh dP @wh- P
tubing @tubing manifold @manifold
(b/d) (psi) (psi/ft) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi)
200 1437.312 0.351852
400 1256 0.263874
600 1049.998 0.219815
800 801.598 0.182885
1000 466.4544 0.144167

Table 4. Pressure drop at tubing and flowling for well B01

Qo Pwf dP/dL dP dP/dL dP Pw dP P
tubing @tubin tubing @tubin h @wh- @manifol
2” g 2” 3” g 3” manifol d
d
(b/d (psi) (psi/ft) (psi) (psi/ft) (psi) (psi (psi) (psi)
) )
200 1569.15 0.15781 0.15718
1 3 8
400 1427.92 0.15843 0.13531
4 8 3
 600 1273.3 0.15781 0.11843
3 8
800 1100.63 0.15312 0.11062
4 5 5
100 901.493 0.1625 0.10098
0 4
120 657.9 0.16666 0.08820
0 7 3

3 (20) Separator. Tentukan ukuran separator horizontal untuk menangani produksi

berikut:
Oil production 2000 barrel/day Droplet size 140
microns
GOR 5000 SCF/STB Retention time 3
minutes
0
Oil API gravity 40 API Gas Density 3.71
3
lbm/ft
Gas SG 0.6 Drag. Coefficient 0.854
Operating pressure 1000 psia Gas Compressibility factor 0.84
0
Operating Temperature 60 F
Hint:
Untuk menyelesaikan soal ini Anda perlu membuat tabel berikut. Untuk mempercepat
penyelesaian soal, pilihan diameter (d) telah disediakan pada tabel.
d (in.) Gas Leff (ft) Liq Leff (ft) Lss (ft) Slendless Ratio
24
30
36

4 (20) Given that a well has declined from 100 stb/day to 96 stb/day during a 1-month
period, use the exponential decline model to perform the following task:
a) Predict the production rate after 11 months
b) Calculate the amount of oil produced during the first year
c) Project the yearly production rate fot the well for the next 5 years
Year Rate at end of year (stb/day) yearly production (stb)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Cumulative (stb) =
5 (10) Tubing
a. Tubing design should consider tubing failure due to: (i)…(ii)…(iii)…
b. Forces affecting tubing strings includes: (6 factors)
c. Explain shortly 4 cases shown in the following figure.
 Teknik Produksi
Solusi UAS
110 menit
December 2016
Closed Book – No Cheat Sheet
1 Gas Well No. 1
a) 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟𝑒2 = 640 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠 = 27878400 𝑓𝑡 2 => 𝑟𝑒 = 2978.322 𝑓𝑡
∅𝜇𝐶𝑡 𝑟𝑒2 (0.07)(0.012)(0.0016)(2978.3222 )
𝑡𝑝𝑠𝑠 = 1200 = 1200
𝑘 5.3
= 2700 𝑗𝑎𝑚
𝑧 0.925
b) 𝐵𝑔 = 0.0283. . 𝑇 = 0.0283. . (460 + 90) = 3.2 𝑥 10−3 𝑟𝑐𝑓/𝑠𝑐𝑓
𝑝 4500
𝐴. ℎ. ∅. (1 − 𝑆𝑤) (43560𝑥640). (110). (0.07). (1 − 0.27)
𝐺= =
𝐵𝑔 3.2 𝑥 10−3
= 4.897𝑥 1010 𝑠𝑐𝑓
c) Gas production rate
𝑘. ℎ. (𝑚(𝑝𝑖) − 𝑚(𝑝𝑤𝑓))
𝑞=
𝑘
1638𝑇(log 𝑡 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 − 3.23 + 0.87𝑆)
𝜇∅𝐶𝑡𝑟𝑤2
(5.3). (110). (1.18𝑥109 − 3.53𝑥108 )
=
5.3
1638. (460 + 90). (log(2700) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 − 3.23 + 0.87(0))
(0.012). (0.07). (0.0016). (0.2922 )
= 68032.64 𝑆𝐶𝐹𝐷
d) The average reservoir pseudo pressure value
𝑘. ℎ. (𝑚(𝑝𝑖) − 𝑚(𝑝𝑤𝑓))
𝑞= 𝑟
1424𝑇(ln 𝑟𝑒 − 0.75 − 𝑆 + 𝐷𝑞)
𝑤
(5.3). (110). (𝑚(𝑝𝑖) − 3.53𝑥108 )
68032.64 =
2978.322
1424. (460 + 90). (ln 0.292 − 0.75 − 0 + 0)
𝑚(𝑝𝑖) = 1.128𝑥109 𝑝𝑠𝑖 2 /𝑐𝑝

2 Calculation.
dP @tubing = (dP/dL @tubing) x (length of tubing) = 0.351852 psi/ft x 3200 ft =
1125.9264 psi
Pwh = (Pwf) – (dP @tubing) = 1437 psi - 1125.9264 psi = 311.3856 psi
Pwh-manifold = (dP/dL @flowline) x (length of flowline) = 0.04 psi/ft x 200 ft = 8 psi
Pmanifold = (Pwh) – (Pwh-manifold) = 311.3856 psi - 8 psi = 303.3856 psi
With the same method, we get.
Table 3. Pressure drop at tubing and flowling for well A01
Qo Pwf dP/dL dP Pwh dP @wh- P
tubing @tubing manifold @manifold
(b/d) (psi) (psi/ft) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi)
 200 1437.312 0.351852 1125.926 311.3856 8 303.3856
400 1256 0.263874 844.3968 411.6032 8 403.6032
600 1049.998 0.219815 703.408 346.59 8 338.59
800 801.598 0.182885 585.232 216.366 8 208.366
1000 466.4544 0.144167 461.3344 5.12 8 -2.88

dP @tubing 2” = (dP/dL @tubing) x (length of tubing) = 0.157813 psi/ft x 2000 ft =

315.626 psi
dP @tubing 3” = (dP/dL @tubing) x (length of tubing) = 0.157188 psi/ft x 1000 ft =
157.188 psi
Pwh = (Pwf) – (dP @tubing) = 1569.151 psi - 315.626 psi - 157.188 psi =
1096.337 psi
Pwh-manifold = (dP/dL @flowline) x (length of flowline) = 0.04 psi/ft x 150 ft = 6 psi
Pmanifold = (Pwh) – (Pwh-manifold) = 1096.337 psi - 6 psi = 1090.337 psi
With the same method, we get.
Table 4. Pressure drop at tubing and flowling for well B01
Qo Pwf dP/dL dP dP/dL dP Pwh dP P
tubing @tubi tubing @tubi @wh- @manifo
2” ng 2” 3” ng 3” manifo ld
ld
(b/d (psi) (psi/ft) (psi) (psi/ft) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi)
)
200 1569.1 0.1578 315.62 0.1571 157.18 1096.3
51 13 6 88 8 37 6 1090.337
400 1427.9 0.1584 316.87 0.1353 135.31 975.73
24 38 6 13 3 5 6 969.735
600 1273.3 0.1578 315.62 0.1184 118.43 839.23
13 6 38 8 6 6 833.236
800 1100.6 0.1531 0.1106 110.62 683.75
34 25 306.25 25 5 9 6 677.759
100 901.49 0.1625 0.1009 100.98 475.50
0 3 325 84 4 9 6 469.509
120 657.9 0.1666 333.33 0.0882 236.36
0 67 4 03 88.203 3 6 230.363

Make a plot for each well, Qo vs P @ manifold (nodal point at manifold).

 Qo vs P @manifold for Well A01
450
400
350
300
250
P (psia)

200
150
100
50
0
-50 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Qo (b/d)

Qo vs P @manifold for Well B01

1200

1000

800
P (psia)

600

400

200

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Qo (b/d)

The optimum production rate for each well with nodal point at manifold we get when the
pressure in 0.
Well A01 = 990 b/d
Well B01 = 1390 b/d

3 Separator sizing
Density
𝛾𝑔 . 𝑃 (0.6)(1000)
𝜌𝑔 = 2.7 = 2.7𝑥 = 3.71 𝑙𝑏/𝑐𝑢𝑓𝑡
𝑇. 𝑍 (0.84)(60 + 460)
141.5 141.5
𝜌𝑙 = 62.4 = 62.4𝑥 = 51.48 𝑙𝑏/𝑐𝑢𝑓𝑡
131.5 + 𝐴𝑃𝐼 131.5 + 40
Gas Capacity Constrain
 0.5
𝑇𝑍𝑞𝑔 𝜌𝑔 𝐶𝑑
𝑑𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 420 ( ) (( ) ( ))
𝑃 𝜌𝑙 − 𝜌𝑔 𝑑𝑚
0.5
(460 + 60)(0.84)(10) 3.71 0.854
𝑑𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 420 ( ) (( )( )) = 39.93
1000 51.48 − 3.71 140
Liquid Capacity Constrain
𝑞𝑙 . 𝑡𝑟 (2000). (3)
𝑑 2 𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 = = = 8571.43
0.7 0.7
d (in.) Gas Leff (ft) Liq Leff (ft) Lss (ft) = Leff + d/12 Lss (ft) = 4/3.(Leff)
24 1.663776 14.88095 16.88095 19.84127
30 1.331021 9.52381 12.02381 12.69841
36 1.109184 6.613757 9.613757 8.818342
Choose the biggest Leff for each diameter, then choose the biggest Lss too for each
diameter.
𝐿
Slenderness ratio = 12 𝑑𝑠𝑠
d (in.) Gas Leff (ft) Liq Leff (ft) Lss (ft) Slendless Ratio
24 1.663776 14.88095 19.84127 9.920635
30 1.331021 9.52381 12.69841 5.079364
36 1.109184 6.613757 9.613757 3.204586
Rule of thumb, choose the size with the slenderness ratio 3 to 4.
So, the separator with the diameter of 26 in and Lss (seam to seam length) 9.61 ft (≈10
ft) is chosen.

4 Exponential decline model

q0 = 100 stbd q1 = 96 stbd
t0 = 0 month t1 = 1 month
1 𝑞0 1 100
𝑏= ln ( ) = ln ( ) = 0.040822/𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ
𝑡1 − 𝑡0 𝑞1 1−0 96
a) 𝑞 = 𝑞0 . 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡
The production rate after 11 months,
𝑞 = 𝑞0 . 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 = 100. 𝑒 −0.408𝑥12 = 61.27 𝑠𝑡𝑏/𝑑𝑎𝑦
b) Amount of oil produced during first year
𝑠𝑡𝑏⁄
𝑞0 − 𝑞1 (100 − 61.27) 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑎𝑦⁄
𝑁𝑝 = = 𝑥365 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 28857.18 𝑠𝑡𝑏
𝑏 (0.0408𝑥12) ⁄𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
c) Calculation for 5 years
𝑞2 = 𝑞0 . 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 = 100. 𝑒 −0.408𝑥12𝑥2 = 37.54 𝑠𝑡𝑏/𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑞3 = 𝑞0 . 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 = 100. 𝑒 −0.408𝑥12𝑥3 = 23.00 𝑠𝑡𝑏/𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑞4 = 𝑞0 . 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 = 100. 𝑒 −0.408𝑥12𝑥4 = 14.09 𝑠𝑡𝑏/𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑞5 = 𝑞0 . 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 = 100. 𝑒 −0.408𝑥12𝑥5 = 8.64 𝑠𝑡𝑏/𝑑𝑎𝑦
 𝑠𝑡𝑏⁄
𝑞1 − 𝑞2 (61.27 − 37.54) 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑎𝑦⁄
𝑁𝑝2 = = 𝑥365 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 17681.08 𝑠𝑡𝑏
𝑏 (0.0408𝑥12)⁄
𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑠𝑡𝑏⁄
𝑞2 − 𝑞3 (37.54 − 23.00) 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑎𝑦⁄
𝑁𝑝3 = = 𝑥365 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 10833.37 𝑠𝑡𝑏
𝑏 (0.0408𝑥12)⁄
𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑠𝑡𝑏⁄
𝑞3 − 𝑞4 (23.00 − 14.09) 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑎𝑦⁄
𝑁𝑝4 = = 𝑥365 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 6637.71 𝑠𝑡𝑏
𝑏 (0.0408𝑥12)⁄
𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑠𝑡𝑏
𝑞4 − 𝑞5 (14.09 − 8.64) ⁄𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑑𝑎𝑦⁄
𝑁𝑝5 = = 𝑥365 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 4066.99 𝑠𝑡𝑏
𝑏 (0.0408𝑥12) ⁄𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
Year Rate at end of year (stb/day) yearly production (stb)
0 100 -
1 61.27 28857.18
2 37.54 17681.08
3 23.00 10833.37
4 14.09 6637.71
5 8.64 4066.99
Cumulative (stb) = 68076.33

5 Tubing
a) Tubing design should consider tubing failure due to: (i) Tension (ii) Collapse (iii)
Burst
b) Forces affecting tubing strings includes: (6 factors)
- Axial tension due to weight of tubing and compression due to buoyancy
- External pressure (completion fluids, oil, gas, formation water)
- Internal pressure (oil, gas, formation water)
- Bending forces in deviated portion of well
- Forces due to lateral rock pressure
- Other forces due to thermal gradient or dynamics
c) 4 Cases are
- Case 1: Axial tension stress (𝜎1 > 0) and collapse pressure (𝜎2 < 0)
- Case 2: Axial tension stress (𝜎1 > 0) and burst pressure (𝜎2 > 0)
- Case 3: Axial compression stress (𝜎1 < 0) and collapse pressure (𝜎2 < 0)
- Case 4: Axial compression stress (𝜎1 < 0) and burst pressure (𝜎2 > 0)