AP Biology Unit 6: Ecology and Animal Behavior Cheat Sheet

by hlewsey via cheatography.com/36676/cs/11641/

Population Ecology Inters​pecific Intera​ctions (cont) Chemical Cycles

biotic​/ab​iotic factors  response: acclimate, Predation Water evapor​ation, conden​sation,

regulate, conform, migrate, torpor, etc. +/-; adaptions: crypti​c/a​pos​ematic precip​ita​tion, runoff​/tr​ans​pir​ation

fundam​ental niche=​range of factor​s/r​eso​urces a
species could use
realized niche=​actual use of potential
enviro​nment
uniform disper​sio​n=e​venly spaced
random disper​sio​n=u​npr​edi​ctable spacing
clumped disper​sio​n=a​ggr​egate in patches
colora​tion, Batesi​an/​Mül​lerian mimicry Carbon photos​ynt​hesis & respir​ation,
burning fossil fuels
Symbiosis
Nitrogen fixation: free nitrogen NH₄ +
-paras​itism: +/-, endo & ecto
nitrification: NH₄+  nitrites/ates
-mutualism: +/+, obligate vs facultative
denitrification: nitrates N₂
-commensalism: +/0 intera​ction
decomposition: organic matter 
ammonia
Community Distur​bance

primary coloni​zation by pioneer Animal Behavior

Logistic Growth succession organisms
Proximate how a behavior occurs/is modified
(bacte​ria​/al​gae​/li​che​ns/​moss) in a
Cause
virtually lifeless area to form soil
Ultimate why behavior occurs in context of
secondary coloni​zation of an area where the
Cause natural selection
succession existing community was cleared
but soil is intact Fixed highly stereo​typic behavior that is
Action unchan​geable and carried to
Pattern completion
Learning
Sign external cue that triggers FAP
habitu​atio loss of respon​siv​eness to stimuli
Stimulus exchanged within a
n w/no new info
specie​s=r​eleaser
K-sele​cti​on=​sen​sitive to population density imprinting formation of permanent long-
Commun​i visual (waggle dance), chemical
r-sele​cti​on=​max​imizes r (repro​ductive rate) l​asting response to an individual
cation (phero​mones), tactile, & auditory
during sensitive period
density indepe​ndent= pop. density does not (birdsong)
affect birth/​death rate spatial landmarks, cognitive maps
Kinesis & change in activity in response to
density dependent=  pop. density   birth
associ​ativ classi​cal​/op​erant condit​ioning Taxis stimulus; oriented movement
rate/  death rate e toward​/away from stimulus
cognitive awareness, reasoning, judgment
Species Richness and Diversity
 problem solving Ecosystem Energy Flow
species # of different species in a
richness community Social Behavior

species # & size of each population in a

cooper​ation behavior done as a group
diversity community
agonistic aggressive behavior
relative proportion of different species in
dominance dictate social position of an
abundance a community
hierar​chies animal in a culture
dominant most abundant species w/
territ​ori​ality behavior to defend an area
species highest biomass
from others
keystone has pivotal ecological role/niche
altruism  individual's reprod​uctive
species bottom-up model: influence from low high
fitness,  fitness of colony
top-down (trophic cascade) model: influence
Inters​pecific Intera​ctions from high low
biological magnification:  trophic level= 
Compet​itive Exclusion Principle
accumulated toxin concen​tration
2 species can't survive in the same
ecological niche; fundam​ent​al≠​rea​lized

By hlewsey Published 27th May, 2017. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

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