1.

Simple Present Tense

Usage :
Menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan perbuatan atau kejadian yang terjadi pada saat sekarang.
Time singnal :
Always, often, seldom, rarely, never, usually, sometimes, now and then, everyday, every
night, every year, every month, every week, once a week, twice a year, etc.
Pattern :
Verbal =
Untuk subjek I, you, we, they ; Untuk subjek he, she, it ;
(+) Subject + V-1 (+) Subject + V-1s/es
(-) Subject + do not + V-1 (-) Subject + does not + V-1
(?) Do + Subject + V-1 (?) Does + Subject + V-1
Nominal =
(+) S + be(am, is, are) + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + be + not + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) Be + S + Adj / Noun / Adverb?

Example :
Nominal:
1.1
(+) Kai's look is sexy everytime
(-) Kai's look isn't sexy everytime
(?) Is Kai's look sexy everytime?

1.2
(+) My brother is a pilot
(-) My brother isn't a pilot
(?) Is my brother is a pilot?

1.3
(+) I'm at home every Sunday
(-) I'm not at home every Sunday
(?) Are you at home every Sunday?
Verbal:
2.1
(+) He works hard everyday
(-) He doesn't work hard everyday
(?) Does he work hard everyday?

2.2
(+) They visit their uncle every Sunday
(-) The don't visit their uncle every Sunday
(?) Do they visit their uncle every Sunday?

2.3
(+) She goes to Chinese course every Friday
(-) She doesn't go to Chinese course every Friday
(?) Does she go to Chinese course every Friday?

2. Present Continuous Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung dan belum selesai
di waktu sekarang.
Time signal :
Now, right now, at this moment, this semester, today, look! , listen! , this week, this month,
this year.
Pattern :
(+) S + to be (am,is,are) + Verb I-ing
(-) S + to be not + Verb I-ing
(?) to be + S + Verb I-ing

Example :
1.1
(+) She is writing a letter today.
(-) She isn't writing a letter today.
(?) Is she writing a letter today.
1.2
(+) We are climbing mountain now.
(-) We aren't climbing mountain now.
(?) Are we climbing mountain now?

1.3
(+) They are eating at dimsum.
(-) They aren't eating dimsum.
(?) Are they eating dimsum?

3. Present Perfect Tense

Usage :
Menyatakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada waktu
tertentu atau masih berlanjut hingga sekarang.
Time Signal :
Just, never, already so far, until now, up to present, ever since, all day, all right, all week, all
my life, recently, lately, etc.
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + have/has + V-3
(-) S + have/has + not + V-3
(?) have/has + S + V-3
Nominal =
(+) S + have/has + to be 3 (been) + O

(-) S + have/has + not + to be 3 + O

(?) have/has + S + to be 3 + O?

Example :
Nominal:
1.1
(+) My cat has been obese recently
(-) My cat has not been obese recently
(?) Has my cat been obese recently?
1.2
(+) He has been crazy at the street.
(-) He has not been crazy at the street.
(?) Has he been crazy at the street?
1.2
(+) Malin kundang has been a stone.
(-) Malin kundang has not been a stone.
(?) Has malin kundang been a stone?

Verbal:
2.1
(+) I have reported my activities to him for a couple days
(-) I haven't reported my activities to him for a couple days
(?) Have you reported my activities to him for a couple days?

2.2
(+) He has checked the account for an hour
(-) He hasn't checked the account for an hour
(?) Has he checked the account for an hour?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Usage :
Menyatakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau atau
aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut
ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi sekarang.
Time Signal :
So far, ever since, all day, all right, all week, all my life, recently, lately, for, since, etc.
Pattern :
(+) S + have/has + been + V1-ing
(-) S + have/has not + been + V1-ing
(?) have/has + S + been + V1-ing
Example :
(+) She has been studying for two hours
(-) She hasn't been studying for two hours
(?) Has she been studying for two hours?
(+) I have been singing for 20 minutes
(-) I have not been singing for 20 minutes
(?) Have I been singing for 20 minutes?

(+) We have been eating for 2 hours

(-) We haven't been eating for 2 hours
(?) Have we been eating for 2 hours?

5. Simple Past Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi di waktu lampau
Time signal :
Yesterday, last night, last week, last Sunday, an hour ago, in 1996, the day before yesterday,
on Sunday morning, etc.
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + V-2
(-) S + did not + V-1
(?) Did + S + V-1
Nominal =
(+) S + to be (was/were) + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + to be (was/were) + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) to be (was/were) + S + Adj / Noun / Adverb

Example :
Nominal:
1.1
(+) She was sleepy an hour ago
(-) She wasn't sleepy an hour ago
(?) Was she sleepy an hour ago?

1.2
(+) Last year this was my doll
(-) Last year this wasn't my doll
(?) Was last year this your doll?

1.3
(+) Last saturday at my place there was tornado
(-) Last Saturday at my place there wasn't tornado
(?) Was last Saturday at your place there tornado?

Verbal:
(+) I went to campus yesterday
(-) I did not go to campus yesterday
(?) Did you go to campus yesterday?

(+) The Ecology class started an hour ago.

(-) The Ecology class did not start an hour ago.
(?) Did the Ecology class start an hour ago ?

(+) He won the english speech competition last week.

(-) He did not win the english speech competition last week.
(?) Did he win the english speech competition last week ?

6. Past Continuous Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau
ketika kejadian lain terjadi.
Time signal :
At 7 o’clock, when …., while …, all day yesterday
Pattern :
(+) S + was/were + Verb-ing
(-) S + was/were not + Verb-ing
(?) was/were + S + Verb-ing
Example :
1.1
(+) I was reading magazine when the bell rang.
(-) I was not reading magazine when the bell rang.
(?) was I reading magazine when the bell rang?
1.2
(+) We were playing football yesterday afternoon.
(-) We were not playing football yesterday afternoon.
(?) Were we playing football yesterday afternoon ?
1.3
(+) They were washing dished when I visited them yesterday
(-) They were not washing dished when I visited them yesterday
(?) Were they washing dished when I visited them yesterday?

7. Past Perfect Tense

Usage :
Untuk menerangkan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sudah selesai dilakukan pada waktu
lampau sebelum peristiwa lain terjadi.
Time signal :
Just, already, since, for
Pattern :
(+) S + had + V-3
(-) S + had not + V-3
(?) had + S + V-3
Example :
1.1
(+) She had slept when I came last night
(-) She had not slept when I came last night.
(?) Had she slept when I came last night?
1.2
(+) He had given the memo when I asked him
(-) He had not given the memo when I asked him
(?) Had he given the memo when I asked him ?
1.3
(+) They had gone when you visited to their house last night
(-) They had not gone when you visited to their house last night.
(?) Had they gone when you visited to their house last night?

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sudah dimulai pada waktu lampau dan
masih berlangsung terus hingga pada waktu yang lampau pula.
Time signal :
For, since
Pattern :
(+) S + had + been + Verb I-ing
(-) S + had not + been + Verb I-ing
(?) had + S + been + Verb-ing
Example :
1.1
(+) They had been living here for two years when I came
(-) They had not been living here for two years when I came.
(?) Had they been living here for two years when I came?
1.2
(+) She had been staying in Jakarta for 5 days when I visited her.
(-) She had not been staying in Jakarta for 5 days when I visited her.
(?) Had she been staying in Jakarta for 5 days when I visited her?
1.3
(+) We had been learning chemistry when we were in 1st semester.
(-) We had not been learning chemistry when we were in 1st semester.
(?) Had we been learning chemistry when we were in 1st semester?

9. Simple Future Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang tejadi pada waktu yang akan datang.
Time signal :
Tomorrow, tonight, this weekend, soon, later, next week, next month, next year, etc.
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+): S + will + V-1
(-): S + will not + V-1
(?): Will + S + V-1
Nominal =
(+) S + Will/Shall + be + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + Will/Shall + not + be + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) Will/Shall + S + be + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

Example :

Verbal:
2.1
(+) Michael will come to Bali next week.
(-) Michael will not come to Bali next week.
(?) Will Michael come to Bali next week ?
2.2
(+) You will bring your text book tomorrow morning.
(-) You will not bring your text book tomorrow morning.
(?) Will you bring your text book tomorrow morning ?
2.3
(+) They will meet their senior on high school later.
(-) They will not meet their senior on high school later.
(?) Will they meet their senior on high school later ?

10. Future Continuous Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung di waktu
tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Time signal :
At this time next month, at 7 o’clock tomorrow, tomorrow morning
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + will be + Verb I-ing
(-) S + will not be + Verb I-ing
(?) will + S + be + Verb-I-ing

Example :
1.1
(+) I shall studying if you come at seven o'clock
(-) I shall not studying if you come at seven o'clock
(?) Shall I studying if you come at seven o'clock?

1.2
(+) They will eating if you go to Shanghai at noon
(-) They will not eating if you go to Shanghai at noon
(?) Will they eating if you go to Shanghai at noon?

1.3
(+) We shall waiting for you if you visit your grandma at ten o'clock
(-) We shall not waiting for you if you visit your grandma at ten o'clock
(?) Shall we waiting for you if you visit your grandma at ten o'clock?

11. Future Perfect Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sudah dimulai pada waktu lampau
dan segera selesai pada waktu yang akan datang.
Time signal :
By this weekend, by the end of this week, by next month
Pattern :
(+) S + will/shall + have + V-3
(-) S + will/shall not + have + V-3
(?) will/shall + S + have + V-3
Example :
1.1
(+) I shall have finished my homework tomorrow night
(-) I shall not have finished my homework tomorrow night
(?) Shall you have finished my homework tomorrow night?

1.2
(+) You will have spoken English very well next year
(-) You will have not spoken English very well next year
(?) Will you have spoken English very well next year?

1.3
(+) She will have eaten fried chicken the next day
(-) She will not have eaten fried chicken the next day
(?) Will she have not eaten fried chicken the next day?

12. Simple Past Future Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan terjadi pada waktu lampau.
Time signal :
This morning, yesterday, two days ago, the other day, … ago, last night, last week, last
month, last year.
Pattern :
(+) S + would/should + V-1
(-) S + would/should not + V-1
(?) would/should + S + V-1

Example :
1.1
(+) I should come here for lunch yesterday, but it was raining
(-) I shouldn't come here for lunch yesterday, but it was raining
(?) Should you come here for lunch yesterday, but it was raining?

1.2
(+) She would take me to the party, but I went out
(-) She wouldn't take me to the party, but I went out
(?) Would she take me take me to the party, but I went out?
1.3
(+) We would visit you, but the weather was so bad.
(-) We would not visit you, the weather was so bad.
(?) Would we visit you, but the weather was so bad ?

13. Past Future Perfect Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sudah selesai pada waktu
lampau (pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi).
Time signal :
This morning, yesterday, two days ago, the other day, … ago, last night, last week, last
month, last year.
Pattern :
(+) S + would/should + have + V-3
(-) S + would/should + not + have + V-3
(?) would/should + S + have + V-3

Example :
1.1
(+) She would have come here if she had called him.
(-) She would not have come here if she had called him.
(?) Would she have come here if she had called him ?
1.2
(+) We should have graduated if we had studied hard
(-) We shouldn't have graduated if we had studied hard
(?) Should we have graduated if we had studied hard?
1.3
(+) She would have come if you had invited her
(-) She wouldn''t have come if you had invited her
(?) Would she have come if you had invited her?