MOTION 1

8. MOTION
Q.1 Define motion
 MOTION-an object to be in motion when it’s position changes with time.
 REST-An object is at rest when its position does not change with time.
 Motion and rest are relative terms. So when in moving bus, passengers
inside bus appear to be in rest, whereas roadside persons and trees
appear to be moving.
 ORIGIN (REFERENCE POINT)-To describe the position of an object we
need to specify a reference point (fixed point) called origin.
Q.2 Differentiate between distance and displacement
DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT
i. Distance is the actual path i. The shortest distance measured
covered by a body from the initial to the final
position of an object is known as
the displacement.

ii. It is a scalar quantity. (It has no ii. It is a vector quantity (It has
direction. direction)
iii. Distance covered is always iii. Displacement covered may be
positive or zero positive, negative or zero.
iv. Ex. 20km iv. Ex. 20 km from south to north
 Uniform motion :
When the object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, it is said to
be in uniform motion. It looks like straight line path on graph.
 NON UNIFORM MOTION (VARIABLE MOTION):
When the object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time, it is said
to be in non-uniform motion.
Q.3 Differentiate between speed and velocity
SPEED VELOCITY
i. The distance travelled by the i. The distance travelled by a body
object in unit time in any in a given direction is called
direction, is called its speed. velocity

ii. It is a scalar quantity.(Its ii. It is a vector quantity.(Its

direction is not considered)
iii. It is always positive or zero
iv. Speed may or may not be equal
to velocity.
direction is considered)
iii. It may be positive or negative or
zero
iv. A body possesses different
velocities but the same speed.

Tara notes
2018-19
 MOTION 2

v. Ex. 60km/hr. v. Ex. 60km/hr., south to west

 SPEED:
Speed is the ratio of distance travelled to the time taken to cover that distance.
OR speed is defined as the rate of change of distance.
The SI unit of speed is m/s. Speed=distance/time
 AVERAGE SPEED : the average speed of an object id obtained by dividing
Total distance travelled
Total time taken
 VELOCITY-Velocity is the speed of an object moving in a definite
direction. OR Velocity is the rate of change of displacement.
Velocity=Displacement/total time=s/t
 AVERAGE VELOCITY: the average velocity is given by the arithmetic mean
of initial velocity and final velocity for a given period of time
Initial velocity (u) +final velocity/2
 ACCELERATION-Acceleration is a measure of the change in the velocity
of an object per unit time OR Rate of change of velocity is called
acceleration.
Acceleration=change in velocity/time
a =Final velocity (v)-Initial velocity (u)/t
a=v-u/t
Accelerated motion-This kind of motion is known as accelerated motion.
- The acceleration is taken to be positive if it is in the direction of velocity
- The acceleration is taken to be negative if it is opposite to the direction
of velocity.
The SI unit of acceleration is m/s2
 UNIFORM ACCELERATION-If an object travels in a straight line and its
velocity increases or decreases by equal amounts in equal intervals of
time, then the object has uniform acceleration.
E.g. the motion of a freely falling body is an example of uniformly accelerated
motion.
 NON- UNIFORM ACCELERATION-When object velocity changes at a non-
uniform rate, it is with non-uniform acceleration.
e.g. If a car travelling along a straight road increases its speed by unequal
amounts in equal intervals of time, then the car is moving with non-uniform
acceleration.
The quantity which is measured by the area occupied below the velocity time
graph is displacement covered by the body in the given time interval.

Tara notes
2018-19
 MOTION 3

 UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION:

When an object moves in a circular path with uniform speed, its motion is
called uniform circular motion.
V=s/t=2𝜋𝑟/t
- Here acceleration or the change in velocity occurs due to the change in
the direction of motion
- Even the object moves with a velocity of constant magnitude along the
circular path
- The direction of motion of object changes at every point when moving along
the circular path
e.g. If the athlete moves in a circular path with constant velocity, motion of the
moon and the earth, a satellite in a circular orbit around the earth, a cyclist on
a circular track at constant speed.
Q.4 An object has moved through a distance. Can it have zero displacement?
Ans-Yes, for example a ball thrown return back due to gravitational force.
Q.5Under what conditions is the magnitude of average velocity of an object
equal to its average speed?
Ans -When an object moves along a straight line in the same direction, its total
path that is distance is equal to its displacement.
Q.6 What does the Odometer of an automobile measures?
Ans -The distance travelled by an automobile.
Q.7 What is the quantity which is measured by the area occupied below the
velocity-time graph?
Ans- Displacement covered by the body in the given time interval.

Tara notes
2018-19