State Reduction and Assignment

Lecture 20
State Reduction
 The reduction in the number of flip-flops in a
sequential circuit
 Since m flip-flops produce 2m states, a reduction in
the number of states may (or may not) result in a
reduction in the number of flip-flops.

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State Reduction
 If identical input sequences are applied to the two
circuits and identical outputs occur for all input
sequences, then the two circuits are said to be
equivalent

 Two states are said to be equivalent if, for each

member of the set of inputs, they give exactly the
same output and send the circuit either to the same
state or to an equivalent state

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State Reduction-Example
 Only the input–output
sequences are important;
the internal states are
used merely to provide
the required sequences.

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State Reduction-Example
 As an example, consider
the input sequence
01010110100 starting
from the initial state a

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State Reduction-Example
 As an example, consider
the input sequence
01010110100 starting
from the initial state a

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State Reduction-Example

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State Reduction-Example
 Reduced State Diagram

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Example:

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First Pass

S1
Different output

S2 S2-S0

S0-S1
S3
S4-S3

S0-S2 S1-S2
S4
S4-S1 S3-S1

S0 S1 S2 S3

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Second Pass

S1

S2 S2-S0

S0-S1
S3
S4-S3

S0-S2 S1-S2
S4 1
S4-S1 S3-S1

S0 S1 S2 S3

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3rd Pass (No Change)

S1 S4

S2 S2-S0

S0-S1
S3
S4-S3

S0-S2 S1-S2
S4 S1
S4-S1 S3-S1

S0 S1 S2 S3

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Example

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State Assignment

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Reduced table
 Removing equivalent states.

17 Copyright 2012 - Joanne DeGroat, 9/2/2012 – ECE 3561

ECE, OSU Lect 7
State Assignment

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One-hot encoding

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