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Dr. N. K. Patel
Lecture:5 Acetic acid
Module: 2
Lecture: 5
ACETIC ACID
INTRODUCTION
Due to the global present of acetic acid producing bacteria via air
oxidation of beer and wine vinegar was first known to the society. In the 3rd
century BC, Theophrastus described how vinegar acted on metals to
produce pigments useful in art, including white lead (lead carbonate) and
verdigris, a green mixture of copper salts including copper (II) acetate.
Ancient Romans boiled soured wine in lead pots producing lead acetate rich
highly sweet syrup called as sapa or sugar of lead or sugar of Saturn, which
contributed to lead poisoning among the Roman nobility.
NPTEL 1
Module:2
Dr. N. K. Patel
Lecture:5 Acetic acid
In the first decade of twentieth century most glacial acetic acid was
obtained from the "pyro ligneous liquor" from distillation of wood. The acetic
acid was isolated by treatment with milk of lime, and the resulting calcium
acetate was then acidified with sulfuric acid to recover acetic acid.
NPTEL 2
Module:2
Dr. N. K. Patel
Lecture:5 Acetic acid
MANUFACTURE
1. Methanol carbonylation
Raw material
Reaction
Manufacture process
While remaining mixture from the reactor is heated in flash tank where
vapour is transferred to crude column for distillation while liquid coming out
from bottom is recycled to reactor. In crude acetic acid column, light end
are vaporized and send to light ends column where they are removed. Liquid
coming out from bottom is again heated in flash tank and acetic acid -
NPTEL 3
Module:2
Dr. N. K. Patel
Lecture:5 Acetic acid
water mixture is taken out from side cut and charged in to dehydration
column where methanol is introduced.
Purge
scrubber
Methanol
Gas
Acetic
acid
Dehydration
Acetic acid
column
column
Methanol
Flash
tank
CO
Waste acid
column
Light end
column
CO Waste
acid
Purge
Animation
2. Acetaldehyde oxidation
Raw material
NPTEL 4
Module:2
Dr. N. K. Patel
Lecture:5 Acetic acid
Acetaldehyde 845kg
Oxygen 615kg
Reaction
Manufacture process
Nitrogen
Cooled
Acetaldehyde water
still
Waste
Cold
Water
Water
Scrubber
Heat
Oxidizing exchanger
Heat exchanger Air kettle
Steam Manganese
Refined acetate
acetaldehyde
Water
Acetaldehyde from
acetylene hydration
Acetic acid
still
Heat
exchanger
Refined
acetic acid
Figure: Manufacture of acetic acid from acetaldehyde
Animation
NPTEL 5
Module:2
Dr. N. K. Patel
Lecture:5 Acetic acid
NPTEL 6