3.

Sultanates (Mindanao)
- Were sure that this kind of society is established according to one thing
- Batay sa isang organized religion
- Follow some standards in following the scripture (same scripture,
documents etc.)
- Commonality
- Standardized belief
- ISLAM​: in one text, clear
- How to study? Study the religion itself
- Etymology: s-l-m (triconsonantal root), semitic language
- Usually associated to peace
- Irony in the association of them to war and terrorism
- Monotheistic: submission to one god
- Abrahamic faith
- Consider Abraham (Ibrahim) as a patriarch
- World religion
- Can see adherence to many countries and continents
- One of the biggest population
a. Sunni
- Majority
- Abu Bakr as a successor for them
(father-in-law)
b. Shia
- Ali as a successor for them
- Argued with sunni
- Ex. Brunei, Islamic Federation of Malaysia (uses
sultanate)
- Note: indonesia is not islamic state - should have god
- Terms
- Subscriber: Muslim
- Whole Community: Ummah (like the church)
- Promote equality and social justice
- Community of believers
- God: Allah
- Arabian peninsula one god = allah but the name
was already existing
➢ Beginnings (610 AD)
- Muhammad (Mecca) died 632 AD - considered the
founder of islam; was visited by angel jibril (gabriel),
physical visitation, during the visitation jibril reveals the
word of Allah (God) spoke in arabic, Muhammad didn’t
know how to write, he memorized it, results to the central
 scripture (Quran) - verbatim words of God, Sharia
(religious law)
- The law of the religion is the law of the land
- Also important, Hadith: words of Muhammad
which inspired the Sharia (archaic)
- 622 AD -​ persecuted so they had to move, Hijra (from
mecca) move to Yathrib (present day Medina), first time
the Ummah was formed, religious community
- Year 1 = 622 AD
- Hijri calendar
➢ Arkan Al-Islam
- “Five Pillars of Islam”
- 6-10% of the PH population is muslim
- Foundations of the Islam way to live
1. Shahada
- Recitation / two testimonials
- Reciting or proclaiming the 2 basic principles
- Ex. only one god and it’s allah and muhammad is
the messenger
- Recite before praying; recite to newborn / dying
2. Salat
- Worship / Prayer
- Directly given by allah to muhammad
- Miraj: your followers and you have to pray at least
50x a day, will pray, but on the way down he
meets the prophets, Musa (Moses) - you can’t do
that go bargain, bargained until it became 5x a
day
a. 5 times a day
i. Fajr (dawn): before sunrise, based on the
sun (4-6am)
ii. Zuhr (noon)
iii. Asr (afternoon) - around 3-4pm
iv. Maghrib (dusk) - bago lumubog araw
v. Isha (evening)
b. Orientation
- Oriented towards a certain direction -
Mecca
- Westward in the Philippines
- Al-masjid al-Harram​: the great/grand
mosque of islam found in mecca
- Can fit 2 million people
 - Kaaba​ (The Cube): Can find the
oldest mosque in the world built by
ibrahim and ishmael
- Relic: Al-hajar al-aswad
(Black Stone) - stone used
to be white, absorbed
people’s sins, believed its a
meteorite by allah, where it
landed - that should be
where it has to be built, (got
lot for a while during noah)
- Where to directly talk to God
c. Ablution
- Clean yourself before praying
i. Wudu: use water
- Partial cleansing
ii. Ghusl: literal bath
- Full cleansing
- Ex. sex/masturbate: ritually impure,
clean self
- Sometimes too impure can’t
pray
iii. Tayammum: sand
- more symbolic - in the absence of
water I still clean myself
d. “Sutrah”
- Objects you place in front of you when
praying
- Was thought to be praising objects
- Objects signify or warn people that you are
praying or else your connection with mecca
will get interrupted
3. Zakat
- Charity or almsgiving
- Redistribution of wealth
- Rich has an obligation to give
- 2.5% of the Income
- Should usually go to other muslims
4. Sawm/Saum/Puasa
- Pagaayuno or fasting
- Ramadan: when do you do it, 9th month of the hijri
calendar
- While there is sunlight you can’t eat or drink
 - Time to get closer to allah
- Create compassion and sympathy to the less
fortunate
- Can’t do anything pleasurable
- Physically demanding
- Exemptions
- Those who are travelling, pregnant, kids,
sick, old
- BUT, do it the next month OR offer the
“Fidyah”/donations
- Eid-al Fitr / Hariraya Puasa: the end of ramadan
5. Hajj
- Pilgrimage
- Once in their lifetime they have to visit Mecca
- But, people can be excused due to
financial constraints
- “Stoning of the devil”
- Pebbles, thrown at pillars, to show bye evil
- Shave head
- When they return from the pilgrimage they add a
new name
- Man: Hajji
- Woman: Hajjah
- Done in the 12th month of the hijri calendar called
Dhu al-Hijjah