Contents

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Significance..................................................................................................................................... 2
Purpose............................................................................................................................................ 2
Standard reference .......................................................................................................................... 2
Equipments and materials ............................................................................................................... 2
Procedure ........................................................................................................................................ 3
Results ............................................................................................................................................. 3
Recorded data.............................................................................................................................. 3
Calculations................................................................................................................................. 4
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Discussion ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 4

1
Introduction
Ten percent fines value is a measure of the resistance of aggregate crushing subjected to loading
and it is applicable to both weak and strong aggregate. Fine aggregates are defined as those
passing 2.50mm sieve. The test aims at looking for the forces required to produce 10% of fine
values (i.e. weight of fines aggregates/weight of all aggregates = 10%). This test is very similar
to Aggregate Crushing Test in which a standard force 400kN is applied and fines material
expressed as a percentage of the original mass is the aggregate crushing value.

Significance
Granular sub-base is subjected to repeated loadings from truck types. The stress level at the
contact points of aggregate particles is quite high. The sub-base in pavement is a structural layer
used for distribution of traffic loads into larger area. As such, it is of paramount importance that
the sub-base material should itself not be disintegrated under severe traffic loads. Ten percent
fines value can be used to reveal the aggregate properties when subjected to mechanical
degradation.

Purpose
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the aggregates 10% fines value of coarse
aggregate, which passes 15 mm. BS sieve and retained on 10 mm BS sieve.

Standard reference
IS:2386-1963 (part IV)

Equipments and materials

1. ACV mould
2. Plunger
3. Rounded end temping rod of diameter 16 mm
4. Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
5. Tray
6. Spatula
7. A balance
8. Stone chips which passed through 15 mm sieve and retained on 10 mm sieve at a surface dry
condition.

2
Procedure
1. The cylindrical measure was filled by the test sample of aggregate in three layers of
approximately equal depth, each layer being tamped 25 times.

2. The test sample in the cylinder with the plunger in position was placed in the
compression testing machine.

3. The load was applied at a uniform rate so as to cause a total penetration of the plunger of
about 20mm for normal crushed aggregates in 10 minutes.

4. For rounded or partially rounded aggregates, the load required to cause a total penetration
of 15mm is applied whereas for honeycombed aggregates a penetration of 24mm was
applied in 10 minutes.

5. After the maximum specified load, which is 205 KN, was reached, the load was released
and the aggregate from the cylinder was sieved from 2.50mm IS sieve.

6. The fines passing 2.50mm.IS sieve was weighed and then ten percent passing value was
determined.

Results
Recorded data
Mould weight 16.8 kg

Aggregate weight with mould 20.6 kg

Weight of aggregate sample 3.8 kg

Weight of sieved aggregate 0.4583 kg

𝟎.𝟒𝟓𝟖𝟑
Mean percentage fine, Y = ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟑.𝟖
=12.06%
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
Required force = = = 205 KN
𝑨𝑰𝑽 𝟏𝟗.𝟓

3
Calculations

14𝑋 14∗205
T.F.V = = = 178.7 KN
𝑌+4 12.06+4
Where, X= the maximum force (KN)

And Y= the mean percentage fines from two test at 205 KN force

Therefore, by applying the load of 178.7 KN ten percent fines value of aggregate will be
attained.

Conclusion
The experiment was about finding out the ten percent fines value while compacted aggregates
were subjected to the gradual increase in load. The experiment was guided by lab instructors. We
firstly was given the sample which was in surface dry condition and also sieved through 15 mm
and retained on 10 mm sieve. Then placing it onto the ACV mould we recorded the weight. After
that the mould was placed in the UTM carefully for compressive loading of 400 KN. After
crushing, we again sieved them through 2.5 mm sieve and took the weight and did the
calculation of aggregate 10% fines value.

Discussion
As this experiment goal was to determine the 10% fines value of aggregate, however at first
12.06% fine value was attained under the force of 205 KN. Then by applying T.F.V formula the
required force for 10% fine value was determined which 178.7 KN.

During the test, while taking out the ACV mould from the UTM, some of the aggregate had fell
down onto the floor. This may be a reason for getting the desired result from back calculation.

Appendix
1. Photos taken during the experiment

2. Individual data sheet of group members

4
Fig 1: apparatus Fig 2: placing aggregates into the mould

Fig 3: Gradual loading in UTM Fig 4: weighing the crushed sample