A presentation on

Software Crisis
Prepared By:
Chandan Sharma
Before we talk about Software Crisis….
What is software?
History of Software.
History of Software failure .
What is Software?
Software is a part of computer system that consist of data or
computer instruction ,in contrast to the physical hardware from
which the system is built.

Software is a place where dreams are planted and nightmares

harvested, an abstract ,mystical swamp where terrible demons
complete with magical panaceas, a world of werewolves and silver
bullet.
 History of Software failure and loses
 The Northeast blackout in 2003 has been one of the major power system failures in the history of North
America. This blackout involved failure of 100 power plants due to which almost 50 million customers faced
power loss that resulted in financia110ss of approximately $6 billion. Later, it was determined that the
major reason behind the failure was a software bug in the power monitoring and management system.

 Year 2000 (Y2K) problem refers to the widespread snags in processing dates after the year 2000. The roots
of Y2K problem can be traced back to 1960-80 when developers shortened the 4-digit date format like 1972
to a 2-digit format like 72 because of limited memory . At that time they did not realize that year 2000 will
be shortened to 00 which is less than 72. In the 1990s, experts began to realize this major shortcoming in
the computer application and then millions were spent to handle this problem.

 In 1996, Arian-5 space rocket, developed at the cost of $7000 million over a period of 10 years was
destroyed within less than a minute after its launch. The crash occurred because there was a software bug
in the rocket guidance system.

 In 1996, one of the largest banks of US credited accounts of nearly 800 customers with approximately
$9241acs. Later, it was detected that the problem occurred due to a programming bug in the banking
software.
What is Software Crisis?
The term “Software Crisis” was coined by some attendees at the first
NATO Software Engineering Conference in 1968 at Garmisch ,
Germany.

Software Crisis is a term used in the early days of computing science

for difficulty of writing useful and efficient computer programs in the
required time.
 Causes of Software Crisis
Project running over budget
Project running over time
Software was very inefficient
Software was of low Quality
Software often didn’t meet requirement
Project were unmanageable and code difficult to maintain
Software was never delivered
The major causes of software crisis is that the machines
have becomes several order of magnitude more powerful.
To put it quite bluntly :as long as there were no machines ,
programming was no problem at all: when we had a few
weak computers programming becomes a mild problem,
and now we have gigantic computers, programming has
become an equally gigantic problem.
>>>Edsger Dijkstra
By the end of the 1960s, hardware
costs had fallen exponentially, and
were continuing to do so, while the
cost of software development was
rising at a similar rate.
Solution of Software Crisis

Software Engineering
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Software engineering is the application of engineering to development of
software in a systematic method.
IEEE definition of software engineering is “the systematic application of
scientific and technological knowledge ,methods, and experience to the
design , implementation, testing, and documentation of software”
 One of the possible solution of software crisis is Software engineering.
As a solution to software crisis , we must apply a disciplinary artistry; using
tools that help us manage this complexity.
The skilled system engineers can through the use of these techniques and
by the application of system engineering methods and project
management skills reduce the demands placed on engineers.
 In software engineering ,the possible solution to software metrics is the proper use of software
metrics and the proper utilization of these metrics .

 For the implementation of this solution of to the problem of software crisis some pre-requisites
are there

Knowledge of basic statistics and experimental design.

Basic understanding of commonly used software life cycle models, at least to the level covered in
an introductory senior or graduate-level software engineering course.

Experience working as a team member on a software development project.

For the projects which are delivered late must
adopt the following methodology:
Project Planning & Scheduling->For the projects which are delivered late must
adopt the following methodology.

Cost Estimation->For the projects running out of budget, cost estimation methodology
must be applied

Risk Management->In order to cope up with the increasing system complexity, risk
management should be applied:
 CONCLUSION
 Thus, we have discussed software crisis, its causes, the present status and the possible solution to
this crisis. Software engineering appears to be one of the few options available to tackle software
crisis . Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach
to development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is, the application of engineering
to software.

• It is believed that the only satisfactory solution to the present software crisis can possibly come
from a spread of software engineering practices among the engineers, coupled with further
advancements to the software engineering discipline itself
THANK YOU !!!!!