USN 10CV665

Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.2016/Jan.2017

Ground Water Hydrology

Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks:100

Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, selecting

atleast TWO questions from each part.
2. Any revealing of identification, appeal to evaluator and /or equations written eg, 42+8 = 50, will be treated as malpractice.

PART – A

1 a. With the help of neat sketch explain the unconfined, confined and perched aquifers.
(06 Marks)
b. Discuss the occurrence of water in rocks and soils. (06 Marks)
Important Note : 1. On completing your answers, compulsorily draw diagonal cross lines on the remaining blank pages.

c. With the help of a neat sketch explain vertical distribution of ground water. (08 Marks)

2 a. Explain the terms: Specific yield, Specific retention and storage coefficient. (06 Marks)
b. Explain any two laboratory and two field methods to determine specific yield. (08 Marks)
c. In a phreatic aquifer extending over 1 km2 the water table was initially 35 m below ground
level. Sometime after irrigation with a depth of 20 cm of water, the water table rose to a
depth of 34 m below ground level. Latter 3  105 m3 of water was pumped out and the water
table dropped to 36.2 m below ground level. Determine (i) the specific yield of the aquifer
ii) deficit in soil moisture (below field capacity) before irrigation. (06 Marks)

3 a. State Darcy’s law. Discuss its validity and limitations. (06 Marks)
b. Explain the terms: Hydraulic conductivity, intrinsic permeability and storage coefficient.
(06 Marks)
c. It was observed in a field test that 4 hrs is required for tracer to travel from one well to
another 25 m apart and the difference in their water surface elevation was 0.6 m. The
porosity of aquifer between the wells is 15%. Determine the permeability of the aquifer,
seepage velocity and Reynold’s number for the flow, assuming an average grain size of
1 mm and kinematic viscosity of water as 0.01 stokes. (08 Marks)

4 a. Derive an expression for discharge obtained from a well penetrating fully a confined aquifer.
(06 Marks)
b. Explain how will you determine aquifer constant T for an unconfined aquifer under steady
radial flow. (06 Marks)
c. A 30 cm well penetrates 25m below static water table. After 24 hours pumping at 5400 litres
per minute the water level in the observation well at 90 m is lowered by 0.55 m and in a well
30 m away is lowered by 1.11 m. (i) What is the transmissibility of aquifer? (ii) Determine
the drawdown in the main well. (08 Marks)

PART – B

5 a. Derive the general equation for unsteady flow towards well in the form
 2 h 1 h S h
  (06 Marks)
r 2 r r T t
b. Explain Chows method to determine the aquifer constants S and T. (06 Marks)

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c. A well fully penetrating a confined aquifer is pumped at a uniform rate 40 lps. The
drawdowns in an observation well situated at 60 m away are given in table below. Using
Jacob’s method, determine the formation constants S & T. (08 Marks)
Time (Minutes) 0 1.5 2.0 4 8 18 50 80 120 180
Drawdown (m) 0.0 0.20 0.30 0.41 0.53 0.66 0.83 0.91 0.98 1.05

6 a. With the help of neat sketches explain (i) Strainer type tube well (ii) Slotted type tube well.
(12 Marks)
b. List the advantages and disadvantages of open wells. (08 Marks)

7 a. With the help of a neat sketch explain seismic refraction method. (10 Marks)
b. Explain sonic logging and fluid logging methods of bore hole geophysical techniques.
(10 Marks)

8 a. What are the factor necessitating the ground water recharge. List the favorable conditions for
ground water recharge. (10 Marks)
b. With the help of neat sketches explain any two methods of artificial ground water recharge.
(10 Marks)

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