LECT 5 Oct 5 2018

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
CE441B: CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Sudhir Misra
KANPUR 208016
Email: sud@iitk.ac.in
1
Lecture 5
ESTIMATING QUANTITIES
2
Boundary wall
Source: www.indiamart.com
How to arrive at the estimate of the cost to build this simple

boundary wall?
3
• In order to determine the cost estimate, the quantities of various items

involved in building the wall should be known as accurately as possible.
• Working out the quantities of each item in the project plays a
significant role in estimating the project cost.
• Drawings prepared as per the design are used in measuring the
dimensions for a given item of work.
• Using the measurements in the drawings, quantity estimates are made.
4
Let us calculate the quantities of various items in a boundary

wall using some drawings
5
EXAMPLE
Estimating the quantities in a boundary wall
6
The plan of a boundary wall is shown below. The 230mm thick boundary
wall has reinforced concrete pillars placed at 2.5 m centre to centre to
enclose the area as shown. The clear length of the opening is 5 m.
…. continued
5m
230 x 300 mm RC
pillars at 2.5 m c/c
10 m c/c
20 m c/c
7
Additional notes
• The original and final ground levels on both sides of the boundary wall are
same.
• The plaster on both sides of the boundary wall extends 100 mm below the
ground level.
• Angle (ISA 100 x 100 x 8) is embedded 150 mm in the centre of all RC pillars
and extend 400 mm above the top of pillar to allow placing of barbed wires.
• The barbed wires are placed 100 mm c/c in the angle in 4 layers.
• Excavation is to be calculated allowing an extra 200 mm on both sides beyond
the minimum width required.
• All concrete work is in M25 grade concrete. Concrete pillars are also to be
plastered.
• RC pillars are supported on isolated footings measuring 800mm x 800mm.
• Assume the clear cover as 40 mm, wherever required.
8
ISA 100 x 100 x 8 • Unless otherwise
400 mentioned, all
dimensions are in mm
8φ @ 175 mm c/c • Not drawn to scale
EL: 1.80 m
Pillar of 230 x 300 mm size
EL: 0.00 G.L.
6 - 16 φ
50 875
Size:800 x 800 mm 50
A A
150
250 250
100
75
12φ @ 100 mm c/c
PCC (1:4:8) both ways
Sectional details of RC pillar and foundation
9
Detail: C 6 - 16φ
12 φ
8φ @ 175 c/c
M25 300
450
230 Detail: C
Section - A
Unless otherwise mentioned, all dimensions are in mm
10
15 mm thick plaster
in 1:6 mortar
230 2000
• Unless otherwise
Brickwork using 1:3 mentioned, all
mortar dimensions are in mm
G.L. • Not drawn to scale
200 400 500

500 225
600 200
75
900 PCC (1:4:8)
Sectional details of wall
11
2.5 m c/c
250 mm
75 mm thick PCC
12
Estimate the quantities of the following items
• Excavation
• Brickwork
• Concrete work
• Plastering work
• Shuttering
• Total length of barbed wires
• Total quantity of reinforcement (Neglect any
changes in lengths due to curvature at bends)
13
Item No L (m) B (m) H (m) Quantity Unit Remarks
Earthwork 1 60 1.3 1.2 93.60 m3 L= 10+20+10+20
B= 0.9+0.2+0.2 (extra 200
mm on both sides)
Deductions 1 3.7 1.3 1.2 (-)5.77 m3 H=0.2+0.5+0.225+0.2+0.075
(Opening) Length of opening
= 5-(2*0.65)
TOTAL 87.83 m3 (Clear spacing minus half the
width of excavation on both
sides
5m
230 x 300 mm
RC pillars at 10 m c/c
2.5 m c/c
20 m c/c
14
Item No L B H (m) Quantity Unit Remarks
(m) (m)
Brickwork 22 2.2 0.23 2 22.26 m3 Length of each block
= 2.5-0.15-0.15
footing-1 22 2.2 0.4 0.5 9.68 m3 Total no. of blocks of 2.2 m length
footing-2 22 2.2 0.5 0.225 5.44 m3 = 22
footing-3 22 2.2 0.6 0.2 5.80 m3 At overlaps:
Deductions Length (L) of double overlap
= 800-300 = 500 mm
Double overlap 21 0.5 0.6 0.2 (-)1.26 m3 Length (L) of single overlap
21 0.5 0.5 0.05 (-)0.26 m3 = 400-150 = 250 mm
Single overlap 2 0.25 0.6 0.2 (-)0.06 m3
2 0.25 0.5 0.05 (-)0.01 m3
TOTAL 41.59 m3
15
Item No L (m) B (m) H (m) Quantity Units Remarks
RC pillar 23 0.23 0.3 2.675 4.25 m3 H = 1.8+0.875 m

RC footings 23 0.8 0.8 0.25 3.68 m3 Length of PCC
Total RC 7.93 m3 = 10+20+10+20
PCC 1 60 0.9 0.075 4.05 m3 Length of deduction
Deductions = 5- (2*0.45)
(Clear spacing minus half the
Opening 1 4.1 0.9 0.075 (-)0.27 m3 width of the PCC on both
Total PC 3.78 m3 sides)
16
Plastering
H: plaster extends 100mm
Interior below GL; H = 1.8+0.1
Long wall 2 19.77 -- 1.9 75.13 m2 Length of long interior wall
Short wall 2 9.84 -- 1.9 37.39 m2 =20-0.115-0.115
Exterior Length of short interior wall
= 10-0.08-0.08
Long wall 2 20.23 -- 1.9 76.87 m2 Length of long exterior wall
Short wall 2 10.30 -- 1.9 39.14 m2 = 20+0.115+0.115
Edges 3 0.23 -- 1.9 1.31 m2 Length of short exterior wall
= 10+0.15+0.15
Deductions (In evaluating the lengths, the
Opening 2 5 -- 1.9 (-)19 m2 appropriate thicknesses of
Total 210.84 m2 pillars on either sides are
considered)
17
Shuttering Pillar perimeter

= (2*0.23)+(2*0.3)
Pillar 23 1.06 -- 2.675 65.21 m2 H = 1.8+0.875
Footing length
Footing 23 3.2 -- 0.25 18.4 m2 = 4*0.8 = 3.2 m
Total 83.61 m2
Total length of barbed wire
Barbed wire 4 55 -- -- 220 m = (2*(10))+(20)+(6*2.5)
18
Reinforcement in civil constructions
Source: houseunderconstruction.com Source: www.wind-watch.org
19
Common shapes of reinforcement
Source: IS 2502:1963
20
Bar Bending Schedule
It is a list of reinforcing bars used in a given RCC work
All the details of the bars – diameter, shape, length of each

bend and straight portion, number of each type of bar and
the total length of bar are summarized in a table
This information is helpful in estimating the total quantity of

steel required.
21
The lengths of hooks and bends in the reinforcement bars are

usually taken as per IS 2502:1963
For more accurate measurements of bending dimensions of

main reinforcement and stirrups, Tables III to IX of IS 2502:1963
are used
22
Total
Diameter Cut length Weight* in Total weight
Shape No. length
(mm) (mm) kg/m (kg)
(m)
a b a
12 a = 100mm 920 322 296.24 0.888 263

b = 720mm
*: IS 1786:2008
Cut length = (800- (2*40))+(100)+(100)

No. of spaces
= [{800-(2*40)-(2*12)-(2*(12/2))}/100] = 6
Number of bars per RC pillar and footing
= 2*(6+1) = 14
Total no.of bars = 23*14 = 322
23
Diameter Cut length Total length Weight* in Total weight
Shape No.
(mm) (mm) (m) kg/m (kg)
16 b 3075 138 424.35 1.58 670.5
a = 2825mm
b = 250mm
*: IS 1786:2008
a = 1800+875+150 = 2825mm; b =250mm

Cut length = a+b = 3075 mm
Number of bars per RC pillar = 6
Total no.of bars = 23*6 = 138
24
Total
Diameter Cut length Weight* in Total weight
Shape No. length
(mm) (mm) kg/m (kg)
(m)
L
8 900 391 351.9 0.395 139
B
L = 212 mm
B = 142 mm
*: IS 1786:2008
As per IS 2502:1963, the total hook allowance

for stirrups is 24*diameter of stirrup
L = 300 -(2*40)-8 ; B = 230-(2*40)-8
No. of spacings = {(1800 + 875 + 150) / 175} = 16
No. of stirrups per RC pillar = 16+1 = 17
Total no.of stirrups = 23*17 = 391 25
Total steel required in the boundary wall construction

= 263 + 670.5 + 139 = 1072.5 kg
26
Estimating the cost using rate analysis
27
Estimates of project cost
Quantities of individual items, Rates of items, which could be

which can be estimated using estimated using (a) standard rates,
measurements in the drawings or, (b) detailed rate analysis
Largely depends on
Description/Specifications of
the work to be executed
28
Description of items
• The cost of a work depends on the quantity and specifications of the

work.
• Specifications describe the nature, scope, materials, execution details etc.
• Description should be as clear as possible to avoid conflicts.
• Generally, the clauses of the description of work in the BOQ sheet are
written in the same order in which the work is carried out.
BOQ: Bill of quantities
29
Most of the construction activities involve

the following items/activities:
• Excavation
• Brickwork
• Concreting
• Plastering
• Reinforcement
Let us look into the aspects of description of these

items in a typical BOQ sheet
30
Earthwork
Source:
http://beaninc.net/
Description of earthwork includes the following works:

• Digging suitable foundation trench
• Type of excavator
• Finishing and dewatering the trench
• Backfilling
• Disposal of earth at a given location 31
Description of earthwork in a typical BOQ
Earth work in excavation using hydraulic excavator in

foundation trenches or drains including dressing of sides
and ramming of bottoms, dewatering the trench,
providing timber shoring if necessary, with lift up to 2m,
including getting out the excavated soil and disposal of
surplus excavated soil as directed, within a lead of 5 km.
32
Brickwork
Source:
http://ensureconstruction.co.uk/
Description of brickwork includes the following:

• Thickness of wall
• Proportion of mortar
• Class of bricks
• Minimum compressive strength of brick unit
• Details of curing and scaffolding (if any) 33
Description of brickwork in a typical BOQ
Providing half-brick wall with first class bricks with minimum compressive
strength of 30MPa with 1:6 cement mortar (1 cement: 6 coarse sand)
proportion, in straight or curved in plan in walls at all levels including
curing, scaffolding and providing reinforcement (if required) at suitable
spacing as directed by Engineer-in-charge
34
Concreting
Source:
www.videoblocks.com/
Description of concreting work includes the following works:

• Including material storage and preparation for mixing
• Mixing (Hand or Machine?)
• Details of the structural element
• Regular quality control testing at site
• Formwork and Laying
• Curing
35
Description of concreting work in a typical BOQ
Reinforced cement concrete work in beams, slabs, columns, footings

suspended floors, roofs, balconies, shelves, chajjas, lintels, bands, plain
window sills, staircases and spiral stair cases up to Tenth floor level
including the cost of mixing, centering, shuttering, finishing with mix
details as provided in drawing. Rate may also include the cost of storage,
regular quality testing and curing till minimum stripping time as per IS
456:2000.
36
Plastering
Source:
http://bodaiju-residences.com
Description of plastering should include the following works:

• Material selection (cement mortar / lime mortar ?) and mixing
• Surface preparation
• Sequence of plastering (External, internal ceiling)
• Plastering and curing for specified period
37
Description of plastering work in a typical BOQ
Providing 12 mm thick cement plaster (1:6 cement mortar) to brickwork in

superstructure and 100 mm below the finished ground level, including the
surface preparation, texturing and curing for 10 days.
Ceiling plaster should be provided before plastering the walls. Any
defective plaster shall be appropriately replaced.
38
Reinforcement work
Source:
http://www.spantower.com
Description of reinforcement work includes straightening, cutting, bending,

placing in position and binding.
39
Description of reinforcement work in a typical BOQ
Providing, fabricating & placing reinforcement steel (Fe 500) of various diameters
of grade Fe500 (HYSD) conforming to respective IS codes, including straightening,
cutting, bending, hooking, lapping and/or welding wherever required as directed,
placing in position, tying with 18G black annealed binding wire double fold, cost of
binding wire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherever necessary, all laps
and wastages etc. complete as per structural drawings.
Rate also to include cost of all materials, cost of labor, cost of equipment and
machinery, loading and unloading, transportation, all other incidental charges and
work at all leads and lifts etc. complete.
40
Estimates of project cost
Quantities of individual items: Rates of items:

Estimated using the Could be estimated using standard
measurements in the drawings rates or rate analysis of individual
items
Description/Specifications of
the work to be executed
41
Estimating the cost of boundary wall
The abstract of estimated cost in case of the boundary wall is…
42
S. Particulars of work Quantity Unit Rate Per Amount
No. (INR) (INR)
1 Earthwork in excavation 87.83 m3
2 First class brickwork in 1:3 mortar 41.59 m3
3 RCC work of M25 grade in columns 7.93 m3 Rates
and footing excluding steel, centering
corresponding to
and shuttering
the specifications
4 Plain cement concrete (1:4:8) 3.78 m3 have to be found
5 15 mm thick plastering with 1:6 210.84 m2 through rate
mortar analysis or by using
6 Centering and shuttering (formwork) 83.61 m2 standard rates
7 Steel work in RCC including bending 1072.5 kg
and binding in position
8 Barbed wire 220 m
9 ISA 100 x 100 x 8 187.7 kg
43
Estimating the rate of an item
• Standard rates published by CPWD as Delhi Schedule of Rates (DSR) can be

used.
• However, these rates are calculated based on an analysis that assumes
standard combinations of materials and manpower (given in Delhi Analysis
of Rates) .
• Therefore, if there is any deviation in the combination of materials and (or)
manpower, rates have to recalculated with detailed analysis.
• In fact, rate analysis plays a major role in calculating the rates of extra items,
which are originally not included in the contract!
44
45
Reference Books
•Jha K.N., Construction Project Management- Theory and practice, 2nd

Edition, Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd., UP, India 2015
•Dutta B.N., Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering- Theory and
practice, 25th revised edition, UBS Publishers’ Distributors Pvt. Ltd.,
Delhi 2004
46
Thank you
47

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Department of Civil Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

CE441B: CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

How to arrive at the estimate of the cost to build this simple

• In order to determine the cost estimate, the quantities of various items

Let us calculate the quantities of various items in a boundary

Unless otherwise mentioned, all dimensions are in mm

200 400 500

Estimate the quantities of the following items

RC pillar 23 0.23 0.3 2.675 4.25 m3 H = 1.8+0.875 m

Shuttering Pillar perimeter

Reinforcement in civil constructions

Source: houseunderconstruction.com Source: www.wind-watch.org

It is a list of reinforcing bars used in a given RCC work

All the details of the bars – diameter, shape, length of each

This information is helpful in estimating the total quantity of

The lengths of hooks and bends in the reinforcement bars are

For more accurate measurements of bending dimensions of

12 a = 100mm 920 322 296.24 0.888 263

Cut length = (800- (2*40))+(100)+(100)

16 b 3075 138 424.35 1.58 670.5

a = 1800+875+150 = 2825mm; b =250mm

As per IS 2502:1963, the total hook allowance

Total steel required in the boundary wall construction

Estimating the cost using rate analysis

Estimates of project cost

Quantities of individual items, Rates of items, which could be

• The cost of a work depends on the quantity and specifications of the

• Specifications describe the nature, scope, materials, execution details etc.

• Description should be as clear as possible to avoid conflicts.

Most of the construction activities involve

Let us look into the aspects of description of these

Description of earthwork includes the following works:

Description of earthwork in a typical BOQ

Earth work in excavation using hydraulic excavator in

Description of brickwork includes the following:

Description of brickwork in a typical BOQ

Description of concreting work includes the following works:

Description of concreting work in a typical BOQ

Reinforced cement concrete work in beams, slabs, columns, footings

Description of plastering should include the following works:

Description of plastering work in a typical BOQ

Providing 12 mm thick cement plaster (1:6 cement mortar) to brickwork in

Description of reinforcement work includes straightening, cutting, bending,

Estimates of project cost

Quantities of individual items: Rates of items:

The abstract of estimated cost in case of the boundary wall is…

• Standard rates published by CPWD as Delhi Schedule of Rates (DSR) can be

•Jha K.N., Construction Project Management- Theory and practice, 2nd

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