GPO

Communicate Ideas : We shared our information with one another

and communicated with our peers to gather information.

Investigate The World: We are investing on the making and

materials used to create paper.

Take Action: We are taking action by making a pamphlet about

papermaking.
I Can Statement

● I can - make paper out of recycled materials.

● I can - understand the environmental impacts of the pulp and
paper industry.
● I can- state the procedures used to make paper.
Pulp and Paper Industry
A. Economic Concerns
● Many industry economic studies
mainly focus on the impact of a
particular regulation and this is their
main concern. In addition, this study
combined the effects on water, air,
and noise regulations on the pulp
and paper industry.
B. Environmental Impact
● The environmental consequences of
pulp and papermaking includes
sulfur compounds and nitrogen
oxides that are released into the air.
Not only the air is affected, but
wastes like sludge and organic
compounds and nutrients are also
dumped into wastewaters that affect
our environment.
History of Papermaking (China, Egypt, India, etc)

It was reported that paper making was invented on 105 A.D in China. That was billions and billions of years ago!!

During the 8th century, Chinese papermaking was then spread to the Islamic world. In the Islamic world, paper mills
were used for money making.

By the 11th century, medieval Europe was introduced to papermaking. It was refined with the earliest known paper
mills utilizing waterwheels.

One of the first papermaking machines invented in 1798: Invented by:

Louis-Nicolas R.
The Chemistry of Papermaking
A. Basic structure of pulp and paper
● The basic structure of pulp and
paper sheets is a felted mat of
cellulose fibers held together by
hydrogen bonds…
● The purpose of pulping is to
separate cellulose fibers from the
other components of the fiber
source.
B. Wood Handling
● Vacuum is used to clamp and handle
workpieces made of wood. Usually the
application is characterized by a dusty
environment, fast cycle times and a high
degree of automation. The porosity and
surface finish as well as degree of cracks
and twigs can vary from part to part,
which makes the vacuum component
selection crucial.
Continued...

C. Pulping D. Bleaching

● Pulping during paper making is a ● Bleaching of wood pulp is the

process for conversion of wood that chemical processing of wood pulp to
is then turned into wood pulp. lighten its color and whiten the pulp.
● The pulp consists of pure cellulose
fibers, the main component of paper.
Continued...
E. Recycled Paper
● The process of waste paper
recycling most often involves
mixing used/old paper with water
and chemicals to break it down. It is
then chopped up and heated, which
breaks it down further into strands
of cellulose, a type of organic plant
material; this resulting mixture is
called pulp, or slurry.
F. Papermaking Additives
● Chemical additives are used in
papermaking and many are usually
divided into two groups. Functional
chemicals directly improve properties of
the sheet, while process chemicals affect
operations on or near the paper machine.
This module covers the second group -
process chemicals.
Continued...
G. Chemical by-product
● The pulp used throughout the
process can be bleached to produce
a white paper product. The
chemicals used to bleach pulp have
been sources of environmental
concern. Many have been using;
chlorine dioxide, oxygen, ozone and
hydrogen peroxide.
H. Occupational Hazards
● Pulp and paper manufacturing can
be hazardous due to massive
weights and falling, rolling and
sliding pulpwood loads. Many
workers are crushed by loads and
suffer because of the lacerations of
the equipment. Machines should be
utilized with a safeguard.
Continued...
I. Injuries & non-malignant diseases
● All injuries in the field are some
type of hand injury.
● Sharp blades, saw, cutters and
chippers should be used with care in
order to limit hand injuries.
● Studies have detected exposure
disease relationships, especially for
rarer cancer.
J. Cancer
● There has been an increased risk for
lung cancer among pulp and paper
mill workers.
● The results suggest that long- term work
in the pulp and paper industry is
associated with excess risks of prostate
and stomach cancers and all leukemias
for work in both kraft and sulfite
processes and of rectal cancer for work
in the sulfite process only.
Steps Applied in Papermaking

1. Prepare the pulp, which can be pulp of paper, pineapple and bark from logs.

2. Blend the pulp. Convert it into a liquid and make sure to blend it well so that the liquid does not

stay thick. 4 cups of water can be added.

3. Assemble hand mold: Put down a screen support grid. Place paper making screen on grid and

make sure the screen is wet. Place the wooden frame on the screen.

4. Agitate the pulp. Fibers have to be evenly distributed in the water, therefore move fingers

around to even it out.

Continued steps...

5. Pick up the assembled hand mold and hold it vertically so that the water can come out.

6. Set the hand mold down on the tray and place the gray cover screen over the sheet.

7. Use a sponge and press the sponge down over the entire screen. Get as much water out of the screen
as possible.

8. Peel off cover screen and lay out one pressing cloth. Repeat step 7.

9. Carefully lift one corner of screen. Place a new cloth over the sheet.

10. Turn iron to a high setting with no steam. Use iron on pressing cloth. Turn over, and repeat. Iron
directly on sheet until it’s completely dry. Finally, put under textbooks to flatten.
Step-by-Step Images

M
Our Final Product!! (we tried our best)

Jonathan: Alejandra: Aileen:

Credits

● https://www.britannica.com/technology/papermaking
● https://wipapercouncil.org/about-paper/how-paper-is-made/
● http://www.paperindustry.com/paper-making-process.php
● https://www.worldwildlife.org/industries/pulp-and-paper
● http://www.vault.com/industries-professions/industries/pu
lp-and-paper.aspx