|^tesente^ to

of tbe

^niversit^ of Toronto
bB

Professor Keys
 THE

CENTURY DICTIONARY
AND /"^ ^m^ii/

CYCLOPEDIA
A WORK OF UNIVERSAL REFERENCE
IN ALL [Departments of knowledge

WITH A NEW atlas OF THE WORLD

IN TEN VOLUMES
VOLUME III

PUBLISHED BY
Cf)e Centurg Co.
NEW YORK
 ;

?£

(0(0 i

C!opyright, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901,

By The Century Co.

J.II RigMs Beserved.

PUBLISHERS' NOTE ON THE COMPLETED WORK

With the publication of the Alias which is incorporated in the present edition The Century Diction-
ary and Cyclopedia has been brouglit to completion. As the Cyclopedia of Names grew out of the Dic-
tionary and supplemented it on its encyclopedic side, so the Atlas has grown out of the Cyclopedia, and
serves as an extension of its geographical material. Each of these works deals with a different part of the
great field of words, — —
common words and names, while the three, in their unity, constitute a work of
reference which practically covers the whole of that field. The total number of words and names defined
or otherwise described in the completed work is about 450,000.
The special features of each of these several parts of the book are described in the Prefaces which will
be found in the first, ninth, and tenth volumes. It need only be said that the definitions of the common
words of the language are for the most part stated encyclopedically, with a vast amount of technical,

historical, and practical information in addition to an unrivaled wealth of purely philological material
that the same encyclopedic method is applied to proper names —
names of persons, places, characters in
fiction, books — in short, of everything to which a name is given; and that in the Atlas geographical

names, and much besides, are exhibited with a completeness and serviceableness seldom equaled. Of
The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia as a whole, therefore, it may be said that it is in its own field
the most complete presentation of human knowledge —
scientific, historical, and practical —that exists.
Moreover, the method of distributing this encyclopedic material under a large number of headings,
which has been followed throughout, makes each item of this great store of information far more acces-
sible than in works in which a different system is adopted.

The whole represents fifteen years of labor. The first edition of The Century Dictionary was com-
pleted in 1891, and that of TheCentury Cyclopedia of Names in 1894. During the years that have elapsed
since those dates each of these works has been subjected to repeated careful revisions, in order to include
the latest information, and the results of this scrutiny are comprised in this edition.

January, 1899.
 THE
CENTURY DICTIONARY
AN ENCYCLOPEDIC LEXICON
OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

PREPARED UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF

WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY, Ph.D., LL.D.
PROFESSOR OF COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY AND SANSKRIT
IN YALE UNIVERSITY

PUBLISHED BY
CJe Century Co.
NEW YORK
Copyright, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1899, 1900, 1901, by The Century Co.
All Rights Reserved.

By permission of Messrs. Blackie & Son, publishers of The Imperial Dictionary by Dr. Ogllvie and
Dr. Annandale, material from that English copyright work has been freely used in the preparation of
The Century Dictionary, and certain owners of American copyrights having claimed that undue use of
matter so protected has been made in the compilation of The Imperial Dictionary, notice is hereby
given that arrangement has also been made with the proprietors of such copyright matter for its use
in the preparation of The Century Dictionary.

THE DEVINNE PRESS.

 ABBREVIATIONS
USED IN THE ETYMOLOGIES AND DEFINITIONS.
a., ad] adjective. engin. engineering. mech. mechanics, mechani- photog photography.
abbr. abbreviation. entom. entomology. caL phren phrenology.
abl ablative. Epfs Episcopal. med. medicine. phys physical.
ace accasative. equiv equivalent mensor. mensuration. physlol physiology.
accom. acoommadated,acooin- cap especially. metal. metallurgy. pi., plnr. plural.
modation. Eth. Ethiopic. metaph. metaphysics. poet ..poetical.
act. active. ethnog. ethnography. meteor. meteorology. polit politlcaL
adv. adverb. ethnoL ethnology. Hex. Mexican. Pol Polish.
AF. Anglo-French. etym etymology. MGr. Middle Greek, medie- poas. possessive.
ngrt agriculture. Eur. European. val Greek. pp. past participle.
AL. Anglo- Latin. exclam exclamation. MHG. Middle High German. ppr. present participle.
alg. algebra. f., fern. feminine. mUit military. Pr. Provencal (-uguaU^
Amer American. F. French (itfuaUy mean- mineraL mineralogy. meaning Old Pro.
anat. anatomy. ing modem French). ML. Middle Latin, medie- venijal).
anc ancient. Flem Flemish. val Latin. pref prefix.
antiq. antiquity. fort fortiflcation. ULG. Middle Low German. prep preposition,
•or. aoriat. (req frequentative. mod. modem. pres. present.
»VV- apparently. Friea. Frieaic. mycoL mycology. pret preterit.
Ar. Arabic. fnt future. myth. mythology. priv. privative.
arcli. architecture. G. QermuiiusttallymMin' n. noun. prob probably, probable.
archsol archieology. ing New High Ger^ n., neut neuter. pron. pronoun.
arith. arithmetic. manX N, New. pron pronounced, pronun-
art. article. OaeL Gaelic N. North. ciation.
AS. Anglo-Saxon. galv. galvanism. N. Amer. North A merica. prop properly.
astroL aatrology. gen. genitive. nat natural. proa, prosody.
astron. (itronomy. geog. geography. naut nauticaL Prot Protestant.
attrib. attributive. geoL geology. nav. navigation. prov. provincial.
aog. augmentative. gMm. geometry. HGr, New Greek, modem paychol psychology,
Bav Bavarian. Goth. Gothic (Moesogothic). Greek. q. V L. quod (or pi. qvcB)
Beng. Bengali Gr. Greek. NHG. New High German which see.
vide,
bloL biology. gram. gram m ar . (umatty simply G., refl reflexive.
Bohem. Bohemian. gun. gunnery. German). reg regular, regularly.
bot. botany. Heb Hebrew. JTL, New Latin, modem repr representing.
Braa. Brazilian. her. heraldry. Latin. rhet rhetoric.
BreL Breton. hetpet berpelology. Doni. nominative. Bom Roman.
bryoL bryology. Bind. HindoatanL Norm. Norman. Bom. Romanic, Romance
Bulg. Bulgarian. hiat history. north. northern. (lauguagesX
carpi carpentry. horol horology. Norw, Norwegian. Bnsa. Buaaian.
Cat Catalan. hort horticulture. nomia. nnmismatics. 8 South.
Cath. CathoUc. Hung Hungarian. O. Old. S. Amer. Sonth American.
caoa. cauBative. hydraul hydraulics. oh*. obaolete. 80 L. scilicet, understand,
ceram. ceramlca. hydros. bydroatatica. obstet obstetrics. supply.
et L. confer, compam IceL Icelandic (luuaUy OBolg. Old Bulgarian (other- Sc Scotch.
ch. church. meaning Old Ice- wise called Church Scand Scandinavian,
ChaL Chaldee. landlc,<i(A<rw<wea<l- Slavonic Old Slavic, Scrip Scripture,
ehem. chemical, cbemiatry. ed Old None)L Old SlavonicX sculp. sculpture.
Chin. Chineae. iobtb. Ichthyology. OCat. Old Catalan. 8erv. Servian.
chron. chronology. Le. L. M «(, that la. OD. Old Dutch. ilng. singular,
coUoq. eoUoqoialiColloqnially. Impers. impersonaL ODan. Old Danish. 8kt Sanskrit
com. commerce, oommer- impf imperfect odontog. odontography. Slav. Slavic, Slavonic.
cial. impv imperative. odontoL odontology. Sp. Spanish.
comp. compodtion, com- Improp improperly. OF Old French. anb] subjunctive.
pound. Ind Indian. OFlem. Old Flemish. Buperl auperlative.
compar. comparative. Ind. indicative. OOaeL Old Gaelic. surg surgery,
conch. concbology. Indo-Eor. Indo-European. OHG. Old High German. aurv surveying,
oonj conjunction. indef indefinite. Olr. Old Irish. 8w. Swedish.
oontr. contracted, contrao. Inf. infinitive. Olt OldltalUn. yn synonymy.
tlon. Inatr. InstrumentaL OL. Old Latin. Syr. Syriac.
Com- Comlah. inter] interjection. OLG. Old Low German. technol technology,
cranlol cranlology. intr., intrana. ..intransitive. ONorth Old Northumbrian. teleg telegraphy,
cranlom. craniometry. Ir Irish. OPraaa. Old Prussian. teratoL teratology,
cryttaL cryatallography. Irreg Irregular, Irregularly. orlg. original, originally. term termination.
D. Dutch. It Italian. ornltb. ornithology. Tent. Teutonic.
Dao. Danlah. Jap. Japanese. 08. Old Saxon. theat theatrical.
dat. daUvek L. Latin (tmially mean- 06p Old Spanish. tbeoL theology.
def. definite, definition. ing claasical LatinX oateol osteology. tberap therapeutics.
deriv derivative, derivation. Lett Lettish. 08w, Old Swedish. toxicol toxicology.
dial dialect, dialectal. LO Low German. OTeot Old Teutonic. tr., trana, transitive.
dW. difierent. UchenoL lichenology. p, a. participial adjective, trigon trigonometry.
dim diminutive. lit literal, literally. paleon paleontology. Turk. Turkish.
diitrib diitribntlve. lit literature. part participle. typog. typography.
dram. dramatic. Lith. Lithuanian. paaa. passive. alt ultimate, ultimately,
dynam dynamic*. lithog lithography. pathol pathology. V, verb.
E. Eait llthoL llthology. pari. perfect Tar. variant.
E. Engllah(«ni<iavin«an. LL Late Latin. Fen. Fershm. ret veterinary.
<nj7modem English). m. maso
, masculine. pera, person. T, L intransitive verb.
eccL, eocle*. eeclqpiaaticaL M. Middle. perap perspective. T. t transitive verb,
econ. economy. mach machinery. Peruv. Peruvian. W. Welsh.
e-g. L. exempli gratia, tar mammal mammalogy. petrog. petrography, Wall Walloon.
example. manuf. manufacturing. Fg. Portuguese. Wallach Wallachian.
Egypt Egyptian. math mathematics. phar. pharmacy. W. Ind West Indian.
aoSgeog
E. Ind.
elect
embryoL
Eaat Indian.
electricity.
embryology,
U
MD, Middle Dutch.
Middle English (other-
vriu eaOed Old Eng.
Phen
philol
phllos.
Pheniclan.
philology.
philosophy.
nXfl,
loOt
zoogeography.
zoology,
zootomy.
Eng. EngUab. Ush). phonog. phonography.
 : : : :

KEY TO PRONUNCIATION.

a as in fat, man, pang, oi as in oil, joint, boy. & as in Persia, peninsula.

a as in fate, mane, dale, on as in pound, proud, now. e as in the book.
a as in far, father, guard. u as in nature, feature.
& as in fall, talk, naught. A single
dot under a vowel in an unaccented
as iu ask, fast, ant. syllable indicates its abbreviation and lighten-
& A mark (^) under the consonants t, d, s, z in-
ing, without absolute loss of its distinctive qual-
a as in fare, hair, bear. dicates that they in like manner are variable to
ity. See Preface, p. xi. Thus
e as in met, pen, bless.
ch, j, sh, zli. Thus
e as in mete, meet, meat. a as in prelate, courage, captain.

6 as in her, fern, heard. § as in ablegate, episcopal. , t as in nature, adventure.

o as in abrogate, eulogy, democrat. d as in arduous, education,
i as in pin, it, biscuit. u as in singular, education. s as in pressure.
i as in pine, fight, file.
z as in seizure.
A double dot under a vowel in an unaccented
o as in not, on, frog. syllable indicates that, even in the mouths of
6 as in note, poke, floor. th as in thin.
the best speakers, its sound is variable to, and
6 as in move, spoon, room. TH as in then.
in ordinary utterance actually becomes, the
6 as in nor, song, off. ch as in German aeh, Scotch loch.
short ((-sound (of but, pun, etc.). See Preface,
n French nasalizing n, as iu ton, en.
p. xi. Thus:
as in tub, son, blood, ly French words) French liquid (mouill6) 1.
(in
as in mute, acute, few (also new, a as in errant, republican, ' denotes a primary, " a secondary accent. (A
tube, duty : see Preface, pp. ix, x). e as in prudent, difference, secondary accent is not marked if at its regular
as in pull, book, could. i as in charity, density. interval of two syllables from the primary, or
German u, French u. g as in valor, actor, idiot. from another secondary.)

SIGNS.

< read /rojn; i. e., derived from. y/ read root.

> read whence ; i. e., from which is derived. * read theoretical or alleged; i. e., theoretically assumed,
+ read and; i. e., compounded with, or with suffix. or asserted but unverified, form.
= read cognate loith; i. e., etymologieally parallel with. f read obsolete.

SPECIAL EXPLANATIONS,

A superior figure placed after a title-word in- Book and chapter nated in the text immediately following, or
dicates that the word so marked is distinct Part and chapter under the title referred to.
etymologieally from other words, following or Book and line The figures by which the synonym-lists are
preceding it, spelled iu the same manner and Book and page ) iii. 10. sometimes divided indicate the senses or defi-
marked with different numbers. Thus Act and scene . . ; nitions with which they are connected.
Chapter and verse ... The title-words begin with a small (lower-
back^ (bak), n. The posterior part, etc. No. and page case) letter, or with a capital, according to
back^ (bak), a. Lying or being behind, etc. Volume and page II. 34. usage. When usage differs, in this matter,
back^ (bak), V. To furnish with a back, etc. Volume and chapter rv. iv. with the different senses of a word, the abbre
back^ (bak), adv. Behind, etc. Part, book, and chapter II. iv. 12. viations leap.'} for "capital" and [/. c] for
backet (bak), n. The earlier form of bat^. Part, canto, and stanza II. iv. 12. " lower-ease " are used to indicate this varia-
back^ (bak), n. A large flat-bottomed boat, Chapter and section or. IT vii. § or H 3. tion.
etc. Volume, part, and section or IF I. i. $ or H 6. The difference observed in regard to the
Book, chapter, and section or H. .1. i. § or IT 6. capitalizing of the second element in zoologi-
Various abbreviations have been used in the cal and botanical terms is in accordance with
credits to the quotations, as " No." for number, Different grammatical phases of the same the existing usage in the two sciences. Thus,
" gt." for stanza, " p." for page, " 1." for line, word are grouped under one head, and distin- in zoology, in a scientific name consisting of
f for paragraph, " fol." tor folio. The method guished by the Roman numerals I., II., III., two words the second of which is derived from
used in indicating the subdivisions of books etc. This applies to transitive and intransi- a proper name, only the first would be capi-
will be understood by reference to the follow- tive uses of the same verb, to adjectives used talized. But a name of similar derivation in
ing plan also as nouns, to nouns used also as adjectives, botany would have the second element also
to adverbs used also as prepositions or con- capitalized.
Section only } 5. junctions, etc. The namfes of zoological and botanical classes,
Chapter only xiv. The capitalizing and italicizing of certain or orders, families, genera, etc., have been uni-
Canto only xiv. all of the words in a synonym-list indicates formly italicized, in accordance with the pres-
Book only ill. that the words so distinguished are discrimi- ent usage of scientific writers.
 ; ! ; ;:
; ;!

droop 1777 drop

droop (diSp); ME-
droupen, rarely dropen,
P- [< It was a loathsome herd, . half bestial, half human,
. . Upon my credit, sir, were I in your place, and fonnd my
dropping with wine, bloated with gluttony, and reeling in father such very bad company, I should certainly drop his
drupen, droop, e8p. from sorrow, < leel. drupa, obscene dances. Macaulay, Miltuii. acquaintance. Sheridan, The Rivals, ii. 1.
droop, esp. from sorrow, a secondary verb, < It [the cave] has also a semicircular open-work mould-
3. To fall descend sink to a lower position
drjupa =
AS. 'dreopan, drop see drop and drip.'] :

or level.
; ;
ing, like basket-work, which ... is evidently so unsuited
L intrans. 1. To sink or hang down; bend or for stone-work that it is no wonder it was dropped very
From morn J. Fergusson, Hist. Indian Arch., p. 116.
hang downward, as from weakness or exhaus- To noon he and with the setting sun
fell, . . .
early.

tion. Dropp'd from the zenith like a falling star. The member, whether church or minister, can be tried,
Milton, P. L, 745. expelled, dropped, or transferred to a co-ordinate body,
Wei cowde he dre»ae hU takel yemanly 1.
as facts may warrant. Bibliotheca Sacra, XLIII. 418.
HU anres drounede nought with fetheres lowe. The curtain drops on the drama of Indian history about
Chatuxr, Gen. ProL to C. T., L 107. the year 650, or a little later. 7. To utter as if casually: as, to drop a word in
The CTenlng comes, and every little flower J. Fergmson, Hist Indian Arch., p. 209. favor of a friend.
Droopt now, as well aa L
Beau, and Fl., Coxcomb, iii. 3.
4. Specifically, to lie down, as a dog. 5. To — They [the Arabs] had dropt some expressions as if they
wonld assault the boat by night if I staid, which, with-
die, especially to die suddenly; fall dead, as in
Hampden, with hia head drooping, and his hands lean- out doubt, they said that they might make me go away.
battle. Pococke, Description of tlie East,
ing on his horse's neclj, moved feebly out of the battle. It was your presurmise.
I. ii. 105.
Macatdayt Nugent's Uampden. To my great surprise, not a syllable was dropped on the
That in the dole of blows your son might drop.
>'ear the lalse where drooped the willow, Shak., 2 Hen. IV., i. 1.
subject. Lamb, Imperfect Sympathies.
Long time ago. 6. P. Morris.
They see indeed many drop, but then they see many 8. To write and send (a note) in an offhand
2. To languish from grief or other cause ; fall more aUve. Steele, Spectator, No. 162. manner as, drop me a line. 9. To set down
: —
into a state of physical weakness. 6. To come an end; be allowed to cease;
to from a carriage.
Conceiving the dishonour of his mother, be neglected and come to nothing. When Lord Howe came over from Twickenham to see
He straight declin'd, droop'd, took it deeply. him [the King], he said the Queen was going out driving,
I heard of threats, occasioned by my verses I sent to
Shai., W. T., il. S.
;
and should **drop him " at his own house,
acquaint them where I was to be found, and so it dropped. Gremlle, Memoirs, July 18, 1830.
After this King Lelr, more and more drooping with Pope,
Yean, became an easy prey to his Daughters and thir Hus- 7t. To fall short of a mark. [Rare.] To drop a courtesy, to courtesy.
bands. Milton, Hist. Eng., L The girls, with an attempt at simultaneousness, dropped
Often it drops or overshotjts. Collier.
had not been at Sea long before onr Men Ijegan to
Wc "curcheys " of respect The Century, XXXVI. 85.
droop, in a sort of a Uistsraper that stole insensibly on 8. To fall lower in state or condition ; sink To drop a line, To fish with a line. (&) To write a
(a)
theiu. Dampier, Voyage^ I. 524. be depressed; come into a state of collapse or letter or note.— To drop anchor, to anchor.— To drop
One day she drooped, and the next she died ; nor was quiescence. the curtain, .See c«r(oi«.— To drop or weep mill-
there the distance of many hours tjetween her being very stones. See millstone.
easy in this world, and very happy in another.
Down dropl the breeie, the sails dropt down.
[Early mod. E. also droppe; <
Coleridge, Ancient Mariner,
drop (drop), n.
Bp. Attrrbury, Sermons, I. vt ii.
ME. drope, < AS. dropa (= OS. dropo D. drop =
3. To fail or sink ; flag; decline; be dispirited: 9. Naut., to have a certain drop, or depth from = MLG. drope, drape, LG. druppen, drapen =
as, the courage droops; the spirits droop. top to bottom : said of a sail. OHG. iropfo, troffo, MHG. iropfe, 6. tropfen
Myche fere fre, & full was of thoght,
had that Her main top-sail drops seventeen yards. ifor. Diet. = Icel. dropi =
Sw. droppe Dan. draabe), =
AU droupond in drede and in dol lengyt.
A dropping tloOnUU.X a continuous irregular discharge a drop, < AS., etc., 'dredpan, pp. *dropen,
Dettruction nf Troy (E. £. T. 8.), L O03. of smatrarms.— To drop astern (.naut.), to pass or move
toward the stern move liaciv let another Teasel pass
drop: see drop, r.] 1. mass of water or A
But wherefore do you droop f why look so sad? : ;
other liquid so small that the surface-tension
Be great in act, aa you have been in thought. ahead, either by slacki'iiing the speed of the vessel that is
Shak., K. John, t. 1. passed or because of the superior speed of the vessel pass- brings it into a spherical shape more or less
Why droopt my lord, my love, my life, my Cnaar? ing. —To drop away or off. to depart; disam>ear; be modified by gravity, adhesion, etc. ; a globule:
lost sight of as, all my friends dropped away from me as, a drop of blood ; a drop of laudanum.
How 111 this dulness doth comport with greatness :

Fletcher {and another^). Prophetess, v. 1. the guests dropped of one by one.

One or two rfrop* of water perce not the flint stone, but
If the war continued much longer, America would most many and often droppings doo.
4. To tend gradually downward or toward a certainly dro;> away, and lYance, and perhaps Spain, be. Puttenkam, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 164.
eloae. [Poetical.] come banknipt. Lecky, Eng. in 18th Cent, xv.
O,now you weep and, I perceive, you feel
;
Then day dnopt ; the chapel bells
To drop down a stream, a coast, etc., to sail, row, or The dint of pity ; these are gracious drops.
Call'd ns : we left the walks. move down a river or toward the sea, downward along a Shak., 3. C, ill. 2.
Tennyton, Princess, ii.
— come in as if cu.s-
coast, etc. To drop in, to happen in ;
Madam, this grief
6. To drip be wet with water. [Prov. Eng.]
;
ually, or without previous agreement as to time, as for a Yon add unto me is no more than drops
calL To seas, for which they are not seen to sweU.
I was drooping wet to my very skinne.
Coryat, Crudities, I. ST. Captain Knight with as many Men as he could Incon- Beau, ami Fl., Philastcr, iii. 2.

rage to march, came in about 6, but be left many Men tired

"They've had no rain at all down here," said he. on the Road ; these, as is usual, came dropping in one or 2. Something that resembles such a drop of
"Then," said she, demurely regarding her drooping two at a time, as they were able. liquid, aa a pendent diamond ornament, an ear-
•kirts, "theyll think I must have fallen Into the river." Dampier, Voyages, I. 219. ring, or a glass pendant of a chandelier: spe-
W. Black, Harper's Mag., UCXVI. SOL
Othen of the household soon dropped in, and clustered cifically applied to varieties of stigar-plums and
n. trans. To let sink or hang down: as, to round the board. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 3.1. to medicated candies prepared in a similar form:
droop the head. To drop ont, to withdraw or disappear from one's (or its) as, lemon-rfrops; cough-drop*.
The lilylike Melissa droop'ii her brows. place as, he dropped out of the ranks.— TO drop to shot,
:
The flntt'ring fan be Zephyretta's care
Tmnyton, Frioceas, Iv. to drop or charge at the discharge of the gun said of a :
The drops to thee, Brillante, we consign
;

Great, sulky gray cranes dronp their moUonleas beada field-dog. —

To drop to wing, to drop or charge when the And, MomentiUa, let the watch be thine.
over the still, salt pools along the shore. bird fludies saiil of a Held^ug.
:
Pope, E. of the L., ii. 113.
R. T. Cooke, .Someliody's Neighbors, p. U. n. trans. 1 . To pour or let fall in small por- Specifically. In her., the representation of a drop of 11-
tions, globules, or drops, as a liquid: as, to
droop (drOp), n. [< droop, r.] The act of droop- quld, usually globular Ijelow and tapering to a point
ing, or of bending or hanging down ; a drooping drop a medicine. aljove. Drops of different colors are considered as tear-
His besTMU shall drop down dew. Deut xxxUL 28. drops, drops of blood, etc., and are blazoned accordingly.
position or state. .See guttA.
With his little insinuating Jury droop. Their eyes are like rocks, which still <frop water. 3. Any small quantity of liquid: as, he had
DickenM, Little IKirrit, 21. Burton, Anat of Mel., p. 492.
I.
not drunk a drop.
dxoopOT (drO'p^r), n. One who or that which 2. To sprinkle with or as if with drops; varie- Water, water everywhere.
droops. gate, as if by sprinkling with drops ; bedrop Nor any drop to drink.
as, a coat dropped with gold. Coleridge, Ancient Mariner, 1.
he [the historian] be pleasant, he la noted for a lester
It
If
be be graue, be is reckoned for a drooper. This rumoured the day following about the City, num- Hence — 4. A minute quantity of anything : as,
Stamhunt, To Sir H. Sidney, in Hulinshed. liers of people Rockt thither who found the n>ome all to
;
he has not a drop of honor, or of magnanimity.
Iw dropt with torches in confirmation of this relation.
drooplngly (dr6'ping-li), adv. In a drooping Sandys, Travailes, p. 151. But if there be
manner; langnisningly. Yet left In heaven aa small a drop of pity
They [duties) are not accompanied with such sprlghtli-
3. To let fall; allow to sink to a lower position; As a wren's eye, fear'd gods, a part of it
ness of allectlons, and oTerOowinga of Joy, as they were lower : as, to drop a stone ; to drop the muz- Shak., Cymbeline, iv. 2.

wont, bat are performed dfeeciiMH and beavUy. zle of a gun. 6. pi. Any
liquid medicine the dose of which
Sharpe, Works, III. iii.
saw him with that lily cropp'd consists of a certain number of drops.
I
drop (drop), r. ; pret. and pp. dropped, ppr. Impatient swim to meet Lydia. Give me the sal volatile.
dropping. [Early mod. E. also droppe; < ME. My quick approach, and soon be dropp'd
Lucy. Is it in a blue cover, ma'am ?
The treasure at my feet Lydia. My smelling-bottle, you .simpleton
droppen, < AS. droppan, also dropian and drop- !

D. droppen =
G. tropfen = =
Cowper, Dog and Water-lily.
lAtey. O, the drops I —
here, ma'am.
petian, dropjietan
8w. droppa, drop; secondary forms of the orig.
—
Hence 4. To let fall from the womb; give Sheridan, The Rivals, L 2.

strong verb, AS.'dredpan (.pret. 'dredn, pl.'rfn*-

birth to said of ewes, etc. : as, to drop a lamb.
:
6. A piece of gut used by anglers on casting-
pon, pp. 'dropen; occnrring, if at all, only in The history of a new colt that my lonl's mare Thetis had lines. A fly-hook is attached to the loose end of the
dropjied last week. //. Kingstey, Oeoffry Hamlyn, xvii. drop, the other end being fastened to the casting-line.
doubtful passages), ME. drepen (= OS. driopan
= OF'ries. driapa = D. druipen = OH6. triufan, B. To cause to fall ; hence, to kill, especially
7. A Scotch unit of weight, the sixteenth part
of an ounce, nearly equal to 30 grains English
MHG. G. triefen = Icel. drjupa = Norw. drjupa), with a firearm. [Colloq.]
troy weight. —
8. The act of dropping; drip.
drop, whence also ult. drop, n., drip, r., drihhl)^, A yoimg grouse at this season [October] offers an easy
[Rare.]
etc., and (through Icel.) droop, r.J I. intrans.
shot, and he was dropped without diftlculty.
T. Boosevell, Hunting Trips, p. 79. Can my slow drop of tears, or this dark shade
1. To fall in small portions or globules, as a About my brows, enough describe her loss?
liquid.
He had the luck
To drop at fair-play range a ten.tined buck. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, I. 2.

The quality of mercy la not strain'd ; Lowell, Fits Adam's .Story. 9. In mech., a contrivance arranged so as to
It droppetk as the gentle rain from heaven
Upon the place lieneath. Shak., M. of V., iv. 1. 6. To let go; dismiss; lay aside; break off drop, fall, or hang from a higher position, or
from; omit: as, to drop an affair or a contro- to lower objects. Specifically- (a) A trap-door in
8. To let drops fall ; drip ; discharge in drops. the scaffold of a tisual form of gallows, upon which the
versy ; to drop an acquaintance to drop a let- ;
The faesTen* also dropped at the presence of Ood. criminal about to be executed is placed with the halter
Ps. Uvlli. 8. ter from a word. about hia neck, and which is suddenly dropped or swung
Mine na* may drop for thee, bat thine own beart will He Is now under prosecution but they think it will he ; open on its hinges, letting liim fall, (b) A contrivance
cbe for Itaelf. B. Jotuon, Poetaater, L 1. dropped, oat of pity. Sw(ft, Joomal to Stella, xlix. for lowering heavy weiglits, as bale-goods, to a ship's

112
 — ;

drop 1778 Drosera

deck, (c) The eart«ln which
dropped or lowered be- drop-light (drop'lit), n.
is A
portable gas-burn- drop-ripe (drop'rip), a. So ripe as to be ready
tween the acts to conceal the stage of a theater from the er, generally in the form of a lamp, connected to drop from the tree. Davies. [Rare.]
audience. Also called drop-curtain, drop-scene, (d) The
movable plate which covers the keyhole of a lock, (e) A with a chandelier or other gas-fixture by a The fruit was now drop-ripe, we may say, and fell by a
piece of cut glass, sometimes prism-shaped, sometmies metallic or flexible tube. shake. Carlyle, ilisc., IV. 274.
Hat, as if cut out of a sheet of plate-glass, used with others dropling (drop'ling), n. [< drop +
-ling'^.'] A
drop-roller (drop 'ro'''16r), n. 1. Sameasrfrop-
like it as a pendent ornament on girandoles, chandeliers,
etc. (/) A drop-press, (j;) A swaging-hammer which falls
little drop. Vavies. [Rare.] bar. —
2. In press-work, an inking-roUer which
between guides. Rightly to speak, what Man we call and count, drops at regulated intervals, with a supply of
10. In arch., one of the small cylinders or trun- It is a beamling of Diuinity, printing-ink, on the distributing-table or dis-
cated cones depending from the mutule of the It is a droptinrr of tli' Eternall Fount, tributing-rollers. Also known as the ductor or
It is a moatling hatcht of th' Vnity.
Doric cornice and the member upon the archi- Sylvester, Quadrains of Pibrac, St. 13.
ductor-roller.
trave immediately tmder the triglyph of the drop-scene (drop'sen), n. Same as drop, 9 (c).
same order; a trimnel. 11. In mach., the in- dropmealt (drop'mel), adv. [< ME. dropemele,
dropseed-grass (drop'sed-gras), n. name A
< a8. dropmMum, by drops, < dropa, drop, -I-
terval between the base of a hanger and the given to fipecies o{ ^iporobolus ?ind Muhlenbergia.
shaft below. —
12. Naut., the depth of a sail mwlmn, dat. pi. of mal,'a portion, time, etc.:
drop-shutter (drop'shufer), n. In photog., a
from head to foot in the middle: applied to see mcal^.} Drop by
drop; in small portions device for rendering the exposure of plate in
a
courses only, hoist being applied to otlier square at a time. a camera very brief: used in instantaneous
sails. —
13. in fort., the deepest part of a ditch Distilling drop-meale a
and measure as thirst requireth.
little at once in that proportion photography. The most simple form, also known as
the guillotine shutter, and the one that gives a name to
in front of an embrasure or at the sides of a Holland, tr. of Pliny, xvii. 2.
caponiere. —
14. In entoni., a small circular
(drop'net), n. A
kind of light
all other appliances of the kind, consists of two opaque
pieces, each pierced with a hole, and ananged to slide
spot, clear or light, in a semi-transparent sur- drop-net
1.

face : used principally in describing the wings cross- woven

lace. 2. — net suspended from lens-tube,the
A one over other. One of the pieces is fitted over the
and when the openings in the two pieces are in
of Diptera.—A drop in the bucket, an exceedingly
a boom and suddenly let fall on a passing school line, the shutter admits light to the camera. When it is
of fish. desired to make a very short exposure, the movable slide
small proportion.
[< drop -I- -erl.] 1. One is raised till the opening of the tube is closed. On let-
The bulk of his [Congreve's] accumulations went to the dropper
(drop'er), TO.
ting the slide fall, the opening in it passes before that in
Duchess of Marlborough, in whose immense wealth such who or that which drops. Specifically— (o) A glass the fixed piece, and for an instant light is admitted to
a legacy was as a drop in the bucket. tube with an elastic cap at one end and a small orifice at the plate behind the lens. To accelerate the fall of the
Macaulay, Leigh Hunt. the other, for drawing in a liquid and expelling it in drops slide, various devices are used, as springs or elastic bands.
a pipette. Alsodropping-tube. (6) A reaping-machine that Improved drop-shuttera have the form of revolving disks
Drop Of stock, in firearms, the bend or crook of the deposits the cut grain in gavels on the ground so called actuated :
by springs, etc., or that of flap-shutters controlled
stock below the line of the barrel.— Drop serene (a to distinguish it from one that merely cuts, or cuts and
literal translation of Latin (jutta serena), an old medical
by a pneumatic device, etc.; and in many the opening is
binds. See reaper.
—
name for amaurotiis. Prince Rupert's drop. Same as made to take place eccentrically, or the holes in the shut-
detonating bulb (which see, under detonating). —
To get It causes a Westerner to laugh to see small grain being ters are cut of various shapes, with the object of distrib-
uting the light, and giving a greater volume of light to the
the drop, to be prepared to shoot before one's antagonist cut with a dropper or a self-raking reaper.
is ready hence, to gain an advantage. [Colloq., western
;
Set. Ajner., N. S., LV. 373. foreground or the lower portion of the picture, which is
U.S.] naturally not so well lighted as the higher portions.
(c) Among fiorists, a descending shoot produced byseedling
These desperadoes always try to get the drop on a foe —
bulbs of tulips, instead of a renewal of the bulb upon the dropsical (drop'si-kal), a. [< dropsy -ic-al.'i +
that is, to take him at a disadvantage before he can use radical plate, as in the later method of reproduction. 1. Affected with dropsy ; inclined to dropsy.
his own weapon. T. Roosevelt, The Century, XXXV. 504. 2. In mining, a branch or spur connecting with Laguerre towards his latter end grew dropsical and in.
To have a drop in one's eye, to be drunk. [Slang.) the main lode : nearly the same as feeder, ex- active. Walpole, Anecdotes of Painting, IV. i.

O faith. Colonel, you must own you had a drop in your cept that the latter more generally carries the 2. Resembling or partaking of the nature of
eye; for when I left you, you were half seas over. idea of an enrichment of the lode with which it dropsy.
Swift, Polite Conversation, i. unites. 3. — A
dog which is a cross between a dropsicalness (drop'si-kal-nes), TO. The state
—
dropaz (dro'paks), n. [< Gr. SpCma^, a pitch- pointer and a setter. 4. An artificial fly ad- of being dropsical. Bailey, 1727.
plaster, < Spiiretv,_ pluckj pluck off.] prepa- psted to a leader above the stretcher-fly, used dropsied (drop'sid), a. [< dropsy
A -ed?.'] Dis-+
ration for remo'ving hair from the skin ; a de- in angling. Also called bobber and drop-fly. eased with dropsy; unnaturally swollen; ex-
pilatory. [Bare or unused.] See vthip. hibiting an unhealthy inflation.
drop-bar (drop'bar), n. In printing, a bar or And observe, that if your droppers be larger than, or Where great additions swell, and virtue none,
even as large as, your stretcher, you will not be able to It is a dropsied honour. Shak., All's Well, ii. 3.
roller attached to a printing-press for the pur-
throw a good line. /. Walton, Complete Angler, ii. 5, note.
pose of regulating the passage of the sheet to dropstone (drop'ston), ». A
stalactitio variety
impression. In the rotary press the bar drops at a fixed dropping (drop'ing), n. [< ME. droppynge, < of calcite. See stalactite.
time on the edge of the sheet, and with an eccentric re- AS. dropung, a dropping, verbal n. of dropian, dropsy (drop'si), «. [Early mod. E. also dropsie ;
volving motion draws it forward. In some forms of the drop: see drop, u.] 1. The act of falling in < ME. dropsy, dropcsye, abbr. by apheresis of
cylinder-press the bar drops on the edge of the sheet and
drops ; a falling. ydropsie, hydropsie: seehydropsy.l 1. In med.,
holds it firmly in position until it is seized by the grippers.
Also called drop-voller. A continual dropping in a very rainy day and a conten- a morbid accumulation of watery liquid in any
drop-black (drop'blak), n. See hlaclc. tious woman are alike. Prov. xxvii. 15. cavity of the body or in the tissues. See edema,
drop-bottom (drop'bofum), n. A bottom, as 2. That which drops or is dropped: generally anasarca, and ascites.
of a ear, which can be let fall or opened down- in the plural. And lo a man syk in the dropesye was bifore him.
ward a common device for unloading certain Wyclif, Luke liv.
:
Like eager droppings into milk. Skak., Hamlet, i. 5.
kinds of railroad-cars. But the sad Dropsie freezeth it extream,
All the Countrey is overgrowne with trees, whose dro2>- Till all the blood be turned into fleam.
drop-box (drop'boks), n. In a figure-weaving pings continually turneth their grasse to weeds, by reason Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Furies.
loom, a box for holding a number of shuttles, of the rancknes of the ground, which would soone be
2. In bot., a disease in succulent plants caused
each carrying its own color, and so arranged amended by good husbandry.
that any one of the shuttles can be brought into
Capt. John Smith, True Travels, I. 121. —
by an excess of water. 3. In fish-culture, a
action as required by the pattern. Specifically —3. pi. Dung: especially said of the
disease of young trout. Before the food-sac is gone
the trout are often affected with a swelling over the sac,
drop-curls (drop'kferlz), n. pi. Curls dropping dung of fowls : as, the droppings of the henroost. where a membrane forms, swells out, and is filled with a
loose from the temples or sides of the head. — 4. In glass-making, one of the lumps or glob- watery substance. An incision is sometimes made in the
drop-curtain (drop'ker'''tan), n. Same as drop, ules formed in the glass by the glazing of the swelling to let out the water. Also called blue swelling.
9 (c). clay cover of the melting-vessel and its com- drop-table (drop'ta'''bl), to. a
machine for
drop-drill (drop'dril), n. An agricultural im- lowering weights, and especially for removing
bination with the volatilized alkalis. The crude
plement which drops seed and manure into the the wheels of locomotives.
glass thus formed on the cover drops into the molten glass
in the vessel, rendering it defective.
soil simultaneously. See drilft, 3. drop-the-handkerchief (drop ' the -hang ' ker-
dropping-bottle (drop'ing-bot''''l), n. An instru-
drop-fingers (drop'fing''g6rz), «. pi. In print- ment for supplying small quantities of water to ehif), n. A children's game in which one player
ing, two or more finger-like rods attached to having a handkerchief drops it behind any one
test-tubes, etc.; an eduleorator. of the others, who are formed in a ring, and
some forms of cylinder printing-presses for the Same as tries to escape within the ring before being
dropping-tube (drop'ing-tub), n.
purpose of holding the sheet in fixed position dropper, 1 (o).
until it is seized by the grippers. kissed.
drop-press (drop'pres), n. swaging-, stamp- A
drop-fly (drop'fli), n. In angling, same as drop- ing-, or f orging-machine having either a regular drop-tin (drop'tin), TO. Tin pulverized by be-
per, 4. ing dropped into water while melted.
(Urop-forging (drop' for 'jing), n. A forging hammer moving between vertical guides, and delivering a drop'wise (drop'wiz), adv. [< drop + -wise.l
or an intermittent motion, it is essentially a power-
produced by a drop-press. dead-stroke blow either from its own weight or by weight
After the manner of drops; droppingly; by
drop-glass (drop'glas), n. A dropping-tube or combined with power. In simple machines the weight is drops. [Rare.]
pipette, used for dropping a liquid into the eye raised above the anvil by hand by means of a cord, and let In mine own lady palms I cuU'd the spring
fall; but as these macliines are wasteful of labor they That gather'd trickling dropwise from the cleft.
or elsewhere. have been largely superseded by power-machines, in which Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien.
drop-bammer (drop'ham''er), n. Same as drop- the weight is raised by a strap wound over a drum, or by drop-'WOrm (drop'werm), TO. The larva of one
press. a wooden slat pressed between two pulleys revolving in
opposite directions, or by direct connection with a wrist of many insects. Specifically- (a) Of any geometrid
drop-handle (drop'han'dl), n. A form of on a disk-wheel. The weight is either released at any moth. Also called span-worm, inch-worm, measuring-
needle-telegraph instrument in which the cir- f)oint of itspath by some simple device controlled by a worvi, etc. (b) Of Thyridopteryz ephemeroeformis. Also
cuit-making device is operated by a handle ever within reach of the operator's hand or foot, or it called hang-worm, and bag-worm.
projecting downward. descends by the movement of the disk. If a spring is drop'WOrt (drop'wert), n. An English name for
interposed between the weight and the lifting apparatus,
drop-keel (drop'kel), n. Naut., same as center- the Spircea Filipcndula False dropwort, an Amer.
whatever its form, to absorb the recoil, it is called a dead- lean book-name for Tiedcmannia teretifotia, an umbellifer-
board. [Eng.] stroke hammer or press. In the drop-presses employing
droplet (drop'let), n. [< drop + -let.} little A a strap or other lifting device that is released at the will
—
ous plant of the Atliintic States. Hemlock- and water-
dropwort, common book-names for species of (Enanthe,
drop. of the operator, the blows are intermittent. Where the
connection with a wheel is direct, the blows are regular droschka, n. Same as droshky.
Though thou abhorr'dst in us our human griefs, and uniform so long as the machine works. All things drose, v. i. See droze.
Scorn dst our brain's flow, and those our droplets which shaped from hot metals on a drop-press, such as small Drosera (dros'e-ra), TO. [NL., < Gr. Spoacpd^,
From niggard nature fall. Shak., 1. of A., v. 6. parts of machines, are called drop-forgings. The drop- dewy, < (5/)(}(Tof,"dew, water, jnitfe, prob. ult. <
drop-letter (drop'let'''' 6r), n. A letter intended press is sometimes called simply press, and sometimes
drop-hammer. It should not be confounded with the (Skt.) •/ dru, run.] A
genus of plants giving
for a person residing within the delivery of the stamping-press, which, while it is allied to the drop-press, name to the order Droseracem. There are about
post-office where it is posted. [U. S.] differs essentially in its manner of working. 100 species, found iu all parts of the globe exceptUig the
 ! ;
;

Drosera 1779 drove

in ertratropical Aus-
and most abundantly 3. In galvano-elect, an alloy of zinc and iron droilghti, drouth (drout, drouth), n. [In the
Pmciflc Islands,
tralia. Their leaves are tovered with glandular hairs, formed in the
"
zinc-bath,
'
partly by the solvent
.
.....
first form (with t/i altered to ^, as also in fteJi/At,
.

which exude dmps of a clear glutinous fluid that ulitler action of the zinc on the iron of the pot, but liight, highth), < ME. drought, drowght, drugt,
in tlie sun ; hence the name Drotera, and in English sun-
dew. These glandular hairs retain small insects that touch chiefly from the iron articles dipped, and from drogt; in the second, the more orig. form, early
them, and other hairs around the dripping off of the superfluous amalgam mod. E. also drougth, < ME. drougth, druhth,
those actually touched by tl>e AQ as they come from the bath. W. H. Wahl. — drogthe, drugthe; < AS. drugath, drugoth (= D.
insect bend over and inclose it, droogte), dryness, < dryge, orig. *druge (= D.
ITie excitement of the glands
induces the secretion of a di-
JT
M
«
3. Figuratively, a worthless thing; the value-
less remainder of a once valued thing. droog),diry: aeo dry. i)roM</t is thus equi v. to
dry-ih (which form is occasionally used, like
gestive fluid, under the opera-
tion of which the nutritious
^ The world's glory is but dross unclean. Spenser.
warvi-th, etc.). Drouth is etymologically the
nitrogenous matter of the in-
The past gain each new gain makes a loss.
And yesterday's gold love to-day makes dross. more correct spelling. Both forms have been
sect is dissolved and absorljed.
Tlie common European species
William, Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 340. in concurrent use since the ME. period, but
have long had a popular repu- dross (dros), V. t. [< dross, n.] To remove drought has been the more common.] If. Dry-
tation as a remedy for bronchi- dross from. ness.
tis and astlinia.
Drossing is performed with a lai'ge perforated iron spoon With the drowghte of the daye alle drj'e ware the flores
Droseraceae (<lros-e-ra'- ilorte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3250.
or ladle, through the openings of which the fluid zinc runs
86-e), n. pi. [XL., < Dro- off, while the dross is retained, packed into shallow moulds The Asp, says Gesner, by reason of her exceeding
sera +
-acete.^ Anattiral so as to fonu slabs of alxiut seventy-five pounds weight, drou'jht, is accounted deaf but that one Asp ^ deafer
;

order of polypetalous in- and in this form is usually sold to the smelters and refin- than another I read not. Cotcfrave.
ers, who gain the zinc it contains either by distillation or
sectivorous herbs, grow- by special patented procedures. 2. Dry weather; want of rain or of moisture;
ing in marshy localities H'. H. Wahl, Galvanoplastic Manipulations, p. 529. such a continuance of dry weather as injtiri-
in temperate and tropi- ously vegetation ariduess.
drossardt (dros'Srd), n. [< D. drossaard, MD. affects ;

cal regions, having their drossacrt (with accom. term, -aard, -aert = E. Whan that Aprille with his shoures soote
leaves mostly circinate -ard), earlier MD. drossaet, D. drost = OFries. The droghte of March hath perced to the roote,
in vernation and covered Stmdew iZ>rcsfra rotHHdi-
drusta = MLG. drossete (> ML. drossatus), drot- Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 2.
fotia).
with numerous glandu- LG. droste = OHG.
zete, drucsete, droste, druste,
In a drought the thirsty creatures cry,
lar viscid hairs. Of the « genera, Drosera (which see) And gape upon the gather'd clouds for rain.
'truhtsdzo, truhsd^o, trutsdzo, truhsazzo, MHG. Dryden, Annus Mirabilis.
ia by far the largest. Of the others, Dioncea is character-
ized by having foliaceous petioles bearing a two-lobed lam- truhtseze, truhts(eze, trochtsaze, truhsteze, trueh- In the dust and drouth of London life
ina which closes quicldy when touched, and Aldrovanda seze, G. truchsess —
Icel. drottseti Sw. drot- = She moves among my visions of the lake.
by having pitcher-shaped leaves. See cut under Dionaa. tsdt, drozet, drozt, drots =
Dan. drost (< LG.), Tennyson, .Edwin Morris.
droshky, drosky (drosh'-, dros'ki), m. ; pi. an oflicer whose duty it was to set the meat on 3. Thirst; want of drink.
droshkien, dioskks (-Idz). [Also written dro:h- the table of his prince or sovereign, a steward, As one, whose drouth
ki, etc. ; = F. droschki = D. droschke = Dan. server, grand master of the kitchen, hence in
Yet scarce allay'd, still eyes the current stream.
Milton, P. L., vii. 66.
droske =: Sw. droska, < G. droschke, a droshky, extended use a steward, bailiff, constable, pre-
cab, etc., =
Pol. dro:hka, dorozhka, < Buss. fect, chief officer, appar. (as best shown in 4. Figuratively, scarcity; lack.
dro^hki (= Little Russ. arnzhky), a droshky, OHG.) < OHO. tru/i«(= OS. druM AQ.dryht, =
A drought of Christian writers caused a dearth of all his-
Fuller.
dim. of droffi, a carriage, a hearse, prop. pi. of (in'At), the people, multitude, company, follow- y>^- ,, .,,,,
drog/i, the pole or shaft of a carriage. Not con- ing (see drtght), OHG. sdzo (= AS. sceta, etc. : droughts, „. dialectal form of (?ra/«l, draughts
+ A
nected with Kuss. dormja, a road (= Pol. droga see cotset) one who sits or settles the com- droughtiness, drouthiness (drou'ti-nes, -thi-
:

= Boheqi. draija, dralui, a road, OBulg. Serv.
draga, a valley), dim. dorozhka ( > Pol. dorozhkd),
a little road, though the second Pol. form simu-
lates such a connection.] A
kind of light four-
wheeled carriage used in Russia and Prussia.
= pound appar. meaning orig. the officer who as- nes), n. The state of being droughty; dry
signed a prince's guests or followers their seats ness ariduess.
at table. Less prob. the first element is OHG. droughty, drouthy (drou'ti, -thi), a. 1. Char-
truht, a load, draught, provisions (akin to E. acterized by drought ; dry.
drafts, draught^), the lit. meaning of the com- Oh can the cloud.s weep over thy decay,
!

The droAhky proper is without a U>\t. and consists of a kind pound suiting then its first known actual use, Yet not one drop fall from thy droughty eyes?
of lung narrow Iwnch, on which the passengers ride as on Drayton, The Barons' Wars, ii.
a swldle but the name is now applied to various kinds of
;
one who sets the meat on the table.] stew- A
When the man of God calls to her "Fetch me a little
vehicles, as to the common cabs plying in the streets of ard; a bailiff; a prefect. water," ... it was no easy suit in so droughtie a season.
some German cities, etc.
There is ... * drostard of Limburgh near this place Bp. Hall, Elijah.
—
Z>nMiiu the smallest carriage* In the world, mere (to whom I g«ve an Exemplar of R. B. s Apology) very de- The sun of a drouthy summer was shining on the . . .

sledges on wheels, with drivers like old women in low. sirous to speak with some of the friends. heath. R. W. Dixon, Hist. Church of Eng., xv.
crowned hatoand long blue dressing-gowns buttonetl from Penn, Travels in Holland,
etc.

A. J. C. Uare, Kussia, ii. 2. Thirsty; dry; requiring drink.

their throate to their feet.
drOSSelt (dros'el), n. [Also written drazel ; per-
drosnet, ". [>rE.: see rfro**.] Dregs; dross. haps the same as drolchel, appar. < Sc. dratch, If the former years
Exhibit no supplies, alas thou must
drosometer (dro-som'e-ter), II. [< Gr. ifxiaof, dretch =
E. dretch^, loiter, delay : see dretch^.}
!

With tasteless water wash thy droughty throat

dew, + iiirpin; & measure.] An instrument An idle wench ; a glut. Philips.
for a-icertaiiiitig tht- quiiutity of dew that con-
That when the time's expir'd, the drazel* And at his elbow Souter Johnny,
denses on a body which ha.s been exposed to For ever may become his vassals. His ancient, trusty, drouthy cronie.
S. Butler, Hudibru, Burns, Tam o' Shanter.
the open air during tlie niglit. it consists of a III. i. 867.
balance, one end of which is fnniished wiih a plate Otted Now dwels ech drosset in her glass. There are capital points in the second [picture], which
Im receive the dew, and the other with a weight protected Warner, Albion's England, ix. 47. depicts the consternation excited in a village inn on dis-
fn>m it. covering the single ale-cask dry, and the house full of
[NL., < Gr. dp&iof, drosser (dros'fer), «.
See the extract. drouthy customers. Saturday liec, July 8, 1805.
DrosopUla (dro-sof'i-la), M.
dew, + 9iy-n^, loving.] A genus of flies, of the The weight of so many tables pressing one against an- The rustic politicians would gather round Philip, and
other would cause the hlndermost to bend but this Is pre- smoke and drink, and then question and discuss till they
j
family ilunHHte, one species of which, Drogo- vented by the invention of iron frames or drostert, which were drouthy again. Mrs. Oaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, xli.
pliiltt flam (the yellow turnip-leaf miner), is divide the tables into sets. QUu»-making, p. 12.'i.
drouk, drook (drok), v. t. [Sc. < ME. 'drouken,
very destructive to turnips, the maggots eating
,

dressiness (dros'i-nes), n. The quality or state 'dniukncn (see droukening), < Icel. drukiia
into the pulp and prodncing whitish blisters on of being drossy ; foulness; impurity.
=
attacks potatoes.
Dan. driikne, be drowned: see drown, where
the iij)iier side. I). cfUarix
The furnace of affliction being meant but to reBne us the k is lost in the «.] To drench; wet thor-
drosophore (dros'o-for), «. [< Gr. Apoaoc, dew, + from our earthly drostinets, and soften ns for the impres- Also dratck.
-Sxi/i'it, < ipepiii; bear.] A device for spraving sion of liod's own stamp ami image. Boyle, Works, 1. 275. oughly. And aye she took the tither souk
wate'r into air to increase ite humidity ; a kind
droggieaa (dros'les), a. [< dross -less."] Free +To drouk the stowrie tow.
of iitornizer. frora dross. Burns, The Weary Pund o' Tow.
dross (dros), n. [Early mod. E. also drossc; < drossy (dros'i), a. [< dross -yt.] Like dross; +
droukeningt, droukningt, »• [ME., also drouk-
ME. ilniHse, earlier dros, < AS. dros =
MLG. pertaining to dross; abounding with dross, or ing, < 'drouken, 'droukiieii, drench: see drouk.'\
dros =
MD. droes, dregs. The more common waste or worthless material: applied to metals, 1. A slumbering; slumber; a doze.
AS. word is 'drosen (or 'drosen), always in sjTi- and figuratively to other things.
Ais I lay in a winteris nyt in a droukening before the day.
copated pi. drosna (or 'drosna) (= mD. droes- So doth the Are the drossy gold refine. Debate of Body and Soul, I. 1. (Lat. Poems attrib. to
sem, D. droe-tem =
MLG. druse OHG. tnuana, = Sir J. Davies, Immortal, of Soul. Int [W. Mapes, ed. Wright)
trusna, drusena, drusina, MHG. drusene, dnuine, A wise man, like a good refiner, can gather gold out of 2. swoon. A
drussene, OHO. also truosana, truoaena, tmotina, the drossiest volume. Milton, Areopagitica, p. 21. Alle thel seiden thei weore sort,
truogen, dmosaiut, MHO. truosen, druosene, 0. Many more of the same bevy, that, I know, the drossy For-doiled in a drouknyng dred.
Shak., Hamlet, v. 2. Holy Rood (E. E. T. ».), p. 141.
dnum), lees, dregs, < dre6san (pp. droren for age doats on.
'drosen) =
OS. driosan =
Norw. drjosa Goth. =
The heart restor'd and purg'd from drossy nature droukit, drooket (dro'kit, -ket), p. a. [Pp. of
driusan (LG. drusen, etc.), fall: see drizzle, and Now finds the freedom of a new-bom creature. drouk, q. v.] Drenched. [Scotch.]
<iwtrles. Emblems, IL 15.
et. drozc, droicni'.'\ Refuse or
1. ..^...^ „. impure
.„^,..v, or for- j The last Halloween I was-waukln'
eign matter which separates from a liquid and drot (drot), r. (. as drat^.o
^me My droukit sark-sleeve, as ye ken.

falls to the bottom or rises to the top, as in drond (droud), n. [8c.,

ongm obscure.] 1. A Bums, Tarn Glen.
The cart gaed ajee and they baith fell into the water
wine or oil or in molten metal; sediment; lees; codfish. Jamieson. twa puir drouitif-Ilke bodies they were when they cam out.
dregs; scum; any refuse or waste matter, as The fish are awful half a guinea for a cod's head, and
;
Petticoat Tales, I. 237.
no bigger than the drotirf* the cadgers bring from Ayr, at
chaff; especially, and now chiefly, the slag, a shilling and eigbteen-pence a piece. droukningt, « See droukening.
scales, or cinders thrown off from molten metal. Dlachroods Mag., June, 1820, p. 209.
droumyt (drou'mi), a. [E. dial. (Devonshire)
Gold and sUner clenseth ham of hore dros the furc [in 2.
i A
kind of wattled box for catching herrings. cf. drumty.] Troubled ; turbid ; muddy.
the flrej. Ancren llitcie, p. 284. Jamieson. 3. — A
lazy, lumpish person. Jamie- That protestation of Catiline, to set on fire and
. . .

Dtons of roetalle, scorlnm drosse of come, seas, cri- son.

; trouble states, to the end to fish In droumy waters.
ballum, mscum ; droue of f yithe where of hyt be, ruscum, Folk pitied her heavy handful of such a drovd.
Bacon, Advancement of l.,earning, il. 3.'>0.

rusculuni. Prompt. Parv., p. 133. Gait, Annals of the Parish, drouth, drouthiness, etc See drought}, etc.
p. 336.
drosse that from the metall came,
Some acumil the
stlrd the molten owre with ladles great. drought. A Middle English form of the preterit drove^. Preterit and obsolete and dialectal
Spenser, V. Q., IL vU. 36. of dravn. past participle of drive.
 ; : ; ;

drove 1780 drudge

droTS" (drov), n. [< ME. drore, earlier drof, < kanen, drunkmien, become drunk, be drunk), drowsy (drou'zi), a. [Formerly also droitsie;
AS. dr^, a drove, < drifan (pret. drdf), drive: < AS. druncen, pp. of drincan, drink see drinl: : < rfrott'«c + -j/i.] 1. Inclined to sleep; sleepy;
see drive.1 1. A niimber of oxen, sheep, or Cf. drench^, drown, and drouk, of same ult. ori- heavy with sleepiness.
swine driven in a body ; cattle driven iu a herd gin.] I. intrans. To be suffocated by immer- Drowsy am I, and yet can rarely sleep. Sir P. Sidney.
lay extension, a collection or crowd of other sion in water or other liquid.
They went till they came into a certain country, whose
animals, or of human beings, in motion. O Lord raethought what pain it was to dr&um 1
I air naturallytended to make one drow«y. . Here Hope- . .

Of moistfull matter, Shak., Rich. III., i. 4. ful began to be very dull and heavy of sleep wherefore ;

God made the people that frequent the Water To

suffocate by immersion in he said unto Cliristian, I do now begin to grow so drowsy
II. trans. 1.
And of ail Earthly stuff the stubborn droue^ that I can scarcely hold up mine eyes let us lie down ;

That haunt tlie HUs and Dales, and Downs and Groues. water or other liquid hence, to destroy, extin-
;
here and take one nap.
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas"s Weeks, i. 4. guish, or ruin by or as if by submersion. Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, i., Enchanted Ground.
The sounds and seas, with all their fluny drove. The sea cannot drown me I swam, ere I could recover
:
2. Resulting from or affected by drowsiness
Mow to the moon in the shore, five-and-thirty leagues, off and on.
wavering morrice move.
Shak., Tempest,
characteristic of or marked by a state of drows-
iii. 2.
Milton, Comus, 1. 115.
ing.
I feel I weep apace but Where's the flood,
Where droves, as at a city gate, may pass.
;
Therest around the hostel fire
Dryden, tr. of Juvenal's Satires. The torrent of my tears to drown my fault in ? Their drowsy limbs recline.
Beau, and Fl., Knight of Malta, iv. 2.
Scott, Marmion,
2. A road or drive for sheep or cattle in droves. I try'd in Wine to droicn the mighty Care
iiL 26.

[Great Britain.] —
3. A narrow channel or But wine, alas, was Oyl to th' Fire.
Cowley, The Mistress, The Incurable.
;
My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains
My sense. Keats, Ode to a Nightingale.
drain,' used iu the irrigation of land. [Great
Britain.] The barley is then steeped too much, or, as the maltster 3. Disposing to sleep; lulling; soporific: as, a
(drov), v. t. ; pret. and pp. dr<rved, ppr.
expresses it, is drowned. Thausing, Beer (trans.), p. 281. drowsy couch.
drove^
droving. [Sc, usually in pp. droved; prob. a 2. To overflow inundate ; : as, to drown land. The hoary willows waving with the wind,
To dew the sovereign and drown the weeds. In drowsy murmurs luU'd the gentle maid.
secondary form (after drovei, drove^) of drive; flower,
Addison.
cf. D. drijven, drive, also engrave, emboss.] In Shak., Macbeth, v. 2.
The bowl with drowsy juices filled
masonry, to tool roughly.— Droved and broached, If it ftlie storm] had continued long without y« shifting FYom cold Egyptian drugs distilled.
of yo wind, it is like it would have drowned some parte of Addisfni, Kosamond,
a phrase applied to worlc that has been first rouy:h-liewn, yo cuntrie.
iii. 3-
Brati/ord, riymontli Plantation, p. 337.
—
and then totaled clean. Droved and striped, a plirjise I hate to learn the ebb of time
applied to work tliat is first rouj^li-t^oled, and then formed The trembling peasant sees his country round From yon dull steeple's drowsy chime.
into shallow grooves or stripes with a lialf- or three-quar- Covered with tempests, and in oceans drowned. Scott, L. of the L., vi. 24.
ter-im-h rliisel. liavin^ the droved interetioes prominent. Addison, The Campaign.
— Droved ashler, .see ashler.
4. Dull; sluggish; stupid.
A weir is said to be drowned when the water in the I would give you a drowsy relation, for it is that time of
drove-* (drov), «. [See rfrorcS, «.] Achisel,from channel below it is Ingher than its crest.
night, though I called it evening. Donne, Letters, Ixii.
two to four inches broad, usedin making droved Rankine, Steam Engine, § 137.
work. 3. Figuratively, to plunge deeply ; submerge Those inadvertencies, a body would think, even our
autlior,with all his drowsy reasoning, could never have
drove^t, drevet, ». t. [ME. drovcn, drevcn, < overwhelm: as, to drown remorse in sensual been capable of. Bp. Atterbury.
AS. drcfan (for *dr6fian), trouble, agitate, dis- pleasure.
turb (the mind), =
OS. drobhian MLG. dro- = Both man and child, both maid and wife,
drowsyhead (drou'zi-hed), «, [In Spenser
ven, LG. driiven =
MD. droeven OHG. trnobun, = Were drown'd in pride of Spain. drowsihed; < drowsy + -hend.] Drowsiness;
truohen, MH6. triioben, triicbeu, G. triibcn, troti- Qkc c?i Eleanor's Fall (Child's Ballads, VII. 293). sleepiness; tendency to sleep. [Archaic]
ble, =
Sw. be-drofva =
Dan. be-drme, grieve, My private voice is drowned amid the senate. A pleasing land of drowsf/head it was, •

trouble, =
Goth, drobjan, cause trouble, excite Addison, Cato. Of dreams that wave before the half-shut eye.
Thomson, Castle of Inijolence, i 6.
an uproar; connected with the adj., AS. drof, To drown out, to force to come out, leave, etc., by influx
of water drive out by flooding or by fear of drowning. These hours of drowsihead were the season of the old
etc., troubled: seedrof^.] To trouble; afflict; ;

gentlewoman's attendance on her brother.

make anxious. Chilion fished, hunted, laid trapsforfoxea, [Sind]drowned
out woodcbuclvs. S. Judd, Margaret, i. 3. Hawthorne, Seven Gables, ix.
Welthe his lif trobles and droves.
Hampole, Prick of Conscience, dro'wnage (drou'naj), n. [< drown -age.l drowsy-headed (drou'zi-hed'''ed), a.
+ [< drow-
1. 1309.
The act of drowning. Carlyle. [Rare.] sy head -cd^.'] +
Having a sleepy or slug- +
drovent. An obsolete and improper form of dro'vmer (drou'ndr), n. One who or that which gish disposition; sleepy-headed.
driven, past participle of drive. drowns. droylet, "• and »?. See droil. Spenser.
drover (dro'ver), )/. l<. drove^,n., -er^.}+ 1.
The nourse of dyse and cardes is werisome idlenesse, droze, arose
(droz), v. i. pret. and pp. drozed, ;

One who drives cattle or sheep to market ; one enemy of virtue, droumer of youthe. Aschain, Toxophilus. ppr. drozing. [E. dial., also freq. drosle; prob.
who buys cattle in one place to sell in another. connected -with dross and drowse, ult. < AS.
drO'WSe (drouz),i). %. ; pret. andpi). drowsed, ppr.
The temple itself was pr«faned into a den of thieves, drowsing. [Also drowse, formerly drouse, drouge, dredsan, fall: see drizzle, dross, dtowse."] To
and a rendezvous of higlers and drovers. melt and drip down, as a candle. Grose; Halli-
'
South, Sermons, III. .Sll.
prob. < ME. *drotisen (not found), < AS. drusan,
well. [Prov. Eng.]
drusian, sink, become slow or sluggish (rare)
2t. A
boat driven by the wind: probably only (= MD. droosen, slumber, doze; cf. LG. driin- drub (drub), V. t. ; pret. and pp. drubbed, ppr.
in the passage cited. drubbing. [Appar. orig. dial, form (= E. dial.
sen, driinseln, slumber, drunsen, low, as a cow,
He woke
And saw his drover drive along the streame. drawl in speech), < dredsan (= Goth, driusan, (Kent) drab for *drob), a var. or secondary form
Spetiser, F. Q., III. viii. 22. etc.), fall: see drizzle, dross, droee.'] To be of "drop, "drop (E. dial, dryp and drih : see
heavy with sleepiness ; be half asleep hence, drib^), beat, < ME. drepen (pret. drop, drop,
drovingl (dro'ving), 71. [< drove^ +
-ing^.']
to be heavy or dull.
;
drape), strike, kill, < AS. drepan (pret. *drwp,
The occupation of a drover. [Rare.]
He drowsed upon
drep, pp. dropen, drepen), strike, LG. drapen, =
droving^ (dro'ving), n. [Verbal n. of drove^, «.] his couch. South, Sermons, IV. 78.
drdpen =
OHG. treffan, MHG. G. treffen,\\t,
A method of hewing the faces of hard stones, Let not your prudence,
The Danaid of a leaky vase.
dearest, drowse, or prove
Tennyson, Princess, ii.
touch, concern, Icel. drepa Sw. drdpa = = =
similar to random-tooling or boasting. See Dan. drwbe. Mil, slay (cf. Sw. drabba, hit).]
drove^, v —Droving and striping, in stone-cutting,
the making with the chisel of shallow parallel channels
In the pool drowsed the cattle up to their knees.
Lowell, Sir Launfal, i. To beat with a stick; cudgel; belabor; thrash;
= Syn. Doze, Slumber, etc. See sleep. beat iu general.
or grooves alon^ the leniith of a l-ough-hewn stone.
drovyt (dro'vi), a. [The reg. mod. form would drowse (drouz), n. [< droiDse, ».] state of A
Captain Swan came to know the Business, and marr'd
all undeceiving the General, and druhbiny the Noble-
be *droovy =
E. dial, druvy, druivy, thick, mud- somnolency; a half -sleep. man.
;

Dampier, Voyages, L 362.

dy, overcast (cf. druve, a muddy river), Sc. But smiled on in a drowse of ecstasy. Browniny.
Must I be drubb'd with broom-staves ?
drowie, moist, muddy, < ME. drovy, drovi, tur- Many a voice along the street. Steele, Lying Lover, Iv. 1.
bid, muddy, < AS. drof, drofi (rare), turbid, And heel against the pavement echoing, burst
Tlieir drowse. Tennyson, Geraint. Admiral Hawke has come up with them [the French]
muddy, also troubled (in mind), =
OS. drobhi,
He gave one look, then settled into his drowse again.
and dniMed them heartily.
druobhi =
D. droef, droevig =
MLG. drove, LG. L. Wallace, Ben-Hur, p. 128.
Goldsmith, Citizen of the World, vL, ed. note.
druv, drove =
OHG. truobi, G. trube, troubled,
drowsed (drouzd), J), o. 1. Sleepy; overcome
If any of the under officers behave so as to provoke the
gloomy, sad : see drove^.'] Turbid. people to drub them, promote those to better offices.
with sleepiness ; drowsy. Franklin, Autobiog., p. 411.
He is like to an hors that seketh rather to drynke drovy
water and trouble than for to drinke water of the welle I became so drowsed that it required an agony of exer- drub (drub), n.
tion to keep from tumbling off my horse.
[< drub, i'.] blow with a A
that is cleer. Chaucer, Pjirson's Tale. stick or cudgel; a thump ; a knock.
B. Taylor, Lands of the Saracen, p. 272.
drow^, V. t. [E. dial., var. of dry : see dry."] To 2. Heavy from somnolency dull ; stupid. By setting an unfortunate mark on their followers they
;
have exposed them to innumerable drubs and contusions.
dry. Grose. [Prov. Eng. (Exmoor).]
There gentle sleep Addison.
drow^ (drou), n. [Sc, aj>par. developed from First found me, and with soft oppression seized
the adj. drowie, moist, misty, > E. drovy, q. v.] My drowsed sense. Milton, P. L., viii. 280. drubber
(dmb'Sr), n. One who dmbs or beats.
A cold mist; a drizzling shower. drowsihead, n. See drowsyhead. These two were sent (or I'm no Dritbber).
Prior, The Mice.
drow^ (drou), n. [Sc, also trow, var. of troll^. drowsily (drou'zi-li), adv. 1 In a drowsy man- .

Cf droll.'\ One of a diminutive elfish race sup- ner; sleepily; heavily: as, he drowsily raised drubbing (drub'ing), n. [Verbal n. of drub, ».]
.

posed by superstitious people in the Shetland his head. 2. Sluggishly; languidly; slothful- A cudgeling a sound beating.
— ;

islands to reside in hills and caverns, and to be ly; lazily. drudge^ (dmj), v. i. ; pret. and pp. drudged, ppr.
curious artificers in iron and precious metals. Droivsily the banners wave drudging. [< ME. druggen, work hard ; said to
O'er her that was so chaste and fair. Praed. be of Celtic origin cf. Ir. drugairc, a slave
I hung about thy neck that gifted chain, which all in ;

our isles know was wrought by no earthly artist, but by drowsiness (drou'zi-nes), n. 1. Sleepiness; or drudge, drugaireachd, slavery, drudgery;
the Draws in the secret recesses of their caverns. disposition to sleep lassitude. ;
but these forms are prob. of E. origin. Cf.
Scott, Pirate, x.
'Tis like the murmnnng of a stream, which, not varying
drug^, a drudge, So. drug, pull forcibly, drug,
drowghtt, n. An obsolete form of drought^. in the fall, causes at first attention, at last drowsiness. a rough pull, E. dial, drug, a timber-carriage,
drown (droun), v. [Early mod. E. a\so droun; Dryden, Essay on Dram. Poesy. drudge'^, a large rake, as a verb, harrow, E. =
< ME. drownen, drounen, contr. of earlier rfrttnc- He bore np against drowsiness and fever till his master dredge^. The word is thus prob. ult. < AS.
nen, druncnien, < GNorth. druncnia (= leel. was pronounced convalescent. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vii. dragan, E. draw : see draw, drag, dredge^."] To
drukna =Sw. drunkna =
Dan. drukne, intr., 2t. Sluggishness; sloth; laziness. work hard, especially at servile, mechanical,
drown, sink, =
AS. druncnian =
OHG. <r«»- Drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags. Frov. xxiii. 21. or uninteresting work labor in tedious, drag- ;
 :;: — .;

drudge 1781 drum

«
ging tasks; labor with toil and fatigue, and drug^ (drug), V. ;
pret. and pp. drugged, ppr. druida, also druis (fern, druias)^ pi. druides (usu-
without interest. drugging. [< drug^, «.] I. trans. 1. To mi.x ally in pi.), =
Gr. dpvid?/c, a druid; of Old Celtic
He profreth hia servyse with drugs ; poisonous, as a
narcotize or make origin < Olr. drui, gen. druad, dat. and ace.
:

To dniijge aud drawe. beverage, by mixture with a drug: as, to drug druid, nom. pi. and dual druad, later Ir. and
Ckaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 658.
wine (in order to render the person who drinl^ Gael, drairi, gen. dri<ad/(, a magician (L. magus);
Fair are your Words, as fair your Carriage
Let me l)e free, drud'je you in Marriage.
;
it insensible). also later nom. druidh =
W. derwydd (orig. nom.
Prior, Tlie Mice. Tlie surfeited grooms *dryv!), a druid. Cf AS. dry, a magician, < Olr.
.

Do mock their charge with snores : I have drugged their

drui, a magician. The W. form shows a forced
Cui it be that a power of Intellect so unmeasured and possets. Shak., Macbeth, ii. 2.
exhaustless in its range has been brought into being simulation of W. dcrw, an oak; so Xi. drttidw
merely to drudge for an animal existence ? 2. To dose to excess with drugs or medicines. was thought to be connected with Gr. dpif a tree, ,
Channiny, Perfect Life, p. 159. 3. To administer narcotics or poisons to ; render esp.an oak (=E. tree) but this is guesswork. Cf.
;
insensible with or as with a narcotic or anes-
drudge^ (druj), «. [< drudge^, v. See dritg^.'} OL-. dair (gen. daracli), daur (geu. daro, dara)
One who toils, especially at servile or mechan- thetic drug; deaden: as, he was drugged and = OGael. dair = W. ddr, an oak. ] 1 One of an .

ical labor; one who labors hard in servile or then robbed. order of priests or ministers of religion among
uninteresting employments ; a spiritless toiler. A sorrow's crown of sorrow is remembering happier things. the ancient Celts of Gaul, Britain, and Ireland.
Drug thy memories, lest thou learn it, lest thy heart be The chief seats of the druids were in Wales, Brittany, and
Another kind uf bondman they have, when a vile drudge, put to proof. Tennyson, Locksley Hall.
l)eing a poor labourer in another country, doth choose of the regions around the modern Dreux and Chartres In
hid own free will to be a bondman among them.
'
With
rebellion, thus sugar-coated, they have been drug- France. The druids are believed to liave possessed some
Sir T. More, Utopia (tr. by RobinsouX U. 8. ging the public mind of their section for more than thirty knowledge of geometry, natural philosophy, etc. They
years. Lincoln, in Eaymoud, p. 145. superintemled the affairs of religion and morality, and
I can but wait upon you. performed the oltice of judges. The oak is said to have
And be your drudge ; keep a poor life to serve you. 4. To surfeit ; disgust. represented to tlieni the one supreme God, and the mis-
Fletcher, Humorous Lieutenant, iU. 2. With pleasure drugg'd, he almost long'd for woe. tletoe when growing upon it the dependence of man
How did the toiling ox his death deserve, Byron, Childe Harold, i. 6. upon him; and they accordingly held these in the highest
A downright simple drudge, and lx>m to serve? veneration, oak-groves being their places of worship. 'They
l>r3/</<-n,"^ Pythagorean Philos., L 177.
H. To
prescribe or administer drugs
intrans.
are said to have had a ctmimon superior, who was elected
or medicines, especially to excess. by a majority of votes from their own members, aud who
drudge'-' (dmj), n. [E. dial., ult. dredge^, n.] = the doses of your drugging doctors. enjoyed his dignity for life. The druids, as an order, al-
1. Alarge rake. UaUiwell. [Prov. Eng.] 2. — Past all
B. Jtmion, Alchemist, ii. 1.
ways opposed the Romans, but were ultimately extermi-
nated by them. [Very commonly written with a capital.]
A dredge. drug^t (drug), ji. [See drudge'^.'] A drudge.
drudge* (druj), r. t. ; pret. and pp. drudged, As those Druids taught, which kept the British rites.
ppr. drudging. [E. dial., ult. dredge^, v. t] = Hadst thou, like us, from our first swath proceeded And dwelt in darksome groves, there counselling with
The sweet degrees that tills brief world affords sprites. Drayton, Polyolbion, i. 35.
To harrow. HalUicell. [Prov. Eng.] To such as may the passive drugs of it Thir Religion was governd by a sort of Priests or Magi-
dirudge-* (druJ), n. [Origin obscure.] Whisky Freely command, thou wouldst have plung'd thyself
cians call'd Dnddcs from the Greek name of an Oke, which
in the raw state, as used in the manufacture In general riot. Shak., T. of A., iv. 3.
Tree tliey had in grcate reverence, and the Missleto espe-
of alcohol. [U. S.] drugS (drug), n. Same as drogue. cially growing theron. Milton, Hist. Eng., ii.

drudger'^ (dmj'fer), «. drudge ; one whoA drugge t, V. i.

• A Midtlle English form of drudge^. 2. [cap."} A member
of a society called the
drui%es. drugge'-'t, n. An obsolete form of drug^. United Ancient Order of Druids, founded in
drudger'^ (dmj'fer), «. [Var. of dredj/er^.] 1. drugger (dmg'^-r), ». [< drug -eri. Cf. F. + London in 1781, for the mtitual benefit of the
A dredging-box. drogueur, Sp. droguero.'\ If. druggist. A members, and now counting numerous lodges,
To London, and there among other things did look over Fraternities and companies I approve of — as merchants' called groves, in America, Australia, Germany,
ome pictures at Cade's for my house, and did carry home
a silver drudger for my cupboard of plate.
burses, colledges of druggerjt, physicians, musicians, *Vc.
Burton, Anat. of Mel., To the Header, p. ti:t.
etc. —3. In entom., a kind of saw-fly, a hyme-
—
nopterous insect of the family Tentliredinidce.
J'epye, l>iary, Feb. i, 1986.
2. One who administers drugs; especially, a Druid's foot, a flve-i)Ointed figure supposed to have had
2. Abonbon-box in which comfits (drag^es) physician who doses to excess. Dunglison. mystical meaning among the druids, and still in use in
some parts of Europe as a charm.
are kept. druggennant (drug'6r-man), n. An obsolete dmidess (dro'id-es), n. [= F. druidesse; as
drudgery (druj'6r-i), n. [< drudge^ + -«ryt.] form of dragoman. druid + -ess.} A
female druid; a druidio
Thelabor of a drudge ignoble, spiritless toil
;
You druggerman of heaven, must I attend
prophetess or sorceress.
hard work in servile or mechanical occupations. Your droning prayers? Dryden, Don Sebastian.
The Dmidess has offended Heaven In giving way to
One that is aboue the world and its drudgery, and can- Pity you was not druggerman at BabeL love. The American, IV. 232.
not pull duwne bis thoughts to the pelting bnsinesaes of Pope, Satires of Donne, iv. 83.
It llilcj. druidlc, druldical (drS-id'ik, -i-kal), a. [< druid
Bp. Earlt, Micro-cosmographie, A High-spirited Man. druggery (drug'er-i), n. ; pi. druggeries (-iz).
+ -ic, -ic-al.'i Of or pertaining to the druids:
[<Or'. droguerie, F. droguerie (cf. MD. droo- as, druidical remains.
Those who can tnm their hands to any thing besides
drudgery live well enough by their indostry. glierije), < drogue, drug : see drug'^ and -«ry.] 1
The Druid followed him, and suddenly, we are told,
Dampier, Voyages, IL L 141. Drugs collectively. [Kare.] 2. druggist's — A struck him with a druidic wand, or, according to one ver-
Paradise was a place of bliss, . . . without drudgery, shop. [Humorous.] sion, flung at him a tuft of grass over which he had pro-
and without sorrow. Locke. dn^get (driig'et), H. [= G. dr'>guett =Sp. Pg. nounced a druidical Incantation. O'Curry, Anc. Irish, I. x.
=8yiL See vork, n.
Lalxtr, Toil, etc. droguile =
droghetto, < F. droguet, drugget,
It. Druldical bead. Same as adder-sfonc— Druidical cir-
cles, the name popularly given to circles fornietl of targe
drudgical fdmj'i-kal), a. drudge^ +
[Irreg. < formerly a kind of stuff half silk, half wool. upright stones, eonsistingin some cases of a single round,
-ic-aJ.] Of or pertaining to a drudge of the ; Origin unknown. There is nothing to show a in others of several rounds, and concentric, from the as-
nature of a drudge or of drudgery. Carlyle. connection with dn/^i.] 1. coarse woolen A sumption that they were druidical places of worship,
drudging-boxt (draj'ing-boks), n. See aredg- material, felted or woven, either of one color or though there is no sufhcient proof that this was their des-
tination. The most celeljrated tlruidlcal circle in England
ing-h'ij'. printed on one side, aud used as a protection — is tiiat at Stonehenge in Wiltshire. Druldical patera,
drudgingly (druj'ing-li), adv. With labor and for a carpet, as a carpet-lining, or, especially a name given to bowls, commonly of stone, and usually
fati^rm-: laboriously. in summer, as a rug or carpet, generally cov- with one handle, found in the Isle of Man and elsewhere,
drudgism (druj'izm), n. [< drudge + -i»m.] ering only the middle portion of a floor. A and !iow thought to have been used as lamps. Similar
bowls are still in use for tills purpose in the Faroe islands.
l)ni(U;ery. Carlyle. finer fabric of the same sort is used for table-
[< drxdd + -isK^.I
druerlet.drueryt, "• Same as drury. —
and piano-covers. 2. A striped woolen or druldlsh
(dro'id-ish), a.
Pertaining to or like the druids.
drug^ (drug), n. [Early mod. E. also drugg, woolen and cotton fabric, commonly twilled, =
(JlE. druggcs, droggea, is doubtful m formerly used in some parts of Great Britain,
druidism (dro'id-izm), n. [= F. druidisme Bp.
fg. druidistno ; as druid + -ism.} The religion
'Iriigge
this sense, as in the only passage cited (Chau- especially for women's clothing.
of the druids; the doctrines, rites, and cere-
cer) it alternates with dragges, stomachic com- He is of a fair complexion, light brown lank hair, hav- monies of the sacerdotal caste of the ancient
fits: see dredge'^); =
G. droge, drogue 8p. Pg. = ing on a dark brown frieze coat, double-breasted on each
Celts. See druid, 1.
It. droga, < OF. drogue, F. drogue, a drug, side, with black buttons and buttonholes a light drug- ;

.still the great and capital objects of their [the Saxons']

mod. also stuff, rubbish, < D. droog E. dry = get waistcoat.
Advertisement, 1708 (Malcolm's Manners and Customs worship were taken from Druviiftm.
"druoghe icaere, droogh kruyd, droogherije (dfiy (of London in luth Cent.). Burke, Abridg. of Eng. Hist., i. 2.
wares, dry herb, 'druggery'), phannaca, aro- They rthe Gauls] wove their stuffs for summer, and Their religion [that of the ancient Britons] was Druid-
raata" (kilian, who explains that "drags vio- rough felts or drujggett tor winter wear, which are said ism; and Britain is said to have been the parent-seat of
lently dry up and cleanse the body, but afford to have been prepaced with vinegar, and to have been so that creed. Sir E. Creasy, Eng. Const., p. 23.
tongh as to rMist the stroke of a sword. Same as
it no nourishment"); " droogen, gedroogde C. Elton, Origins of Eng. Hist., p. 114.
druid-stone (dro'id-ston), n. gray-
kruyden en wortels (dried herbs and roots), wetlier.
See dry."] 1. Any vege- druggist
(drug'ist), n. [= MD. drooghist F. = (drum), n. [Early mod. E. also drumme;
druggs" (Sewel).
table, animal, or mineral substance used in
droijuiste (appar. later than the E.) ; as drug"^ + drum^
= Dan. tromme = Sw. trumma (cf. Ir. Gael.
the composition or preparation of medicines; -ist.'] 1 . One who
deals in drugs ; one whose oc- < D. troni = LG. truvime
druma, < E.), a drum,
is the buying and selling of drugs.
hence, also, any ingredient used in chemical cupation = G. tromme, dial, irumme, trumm, tromm,
preparations employed in the arts. This new corporation of druggists ha^l inflamed the bills
-

dromm, late MHG. trumme, trumbe, drumbe,

of mortality and puzzled the* College of Physicians with
Full redy hadde he his apotecarles. diseases for which they neither knew a name or cure.
drumme, trum, a drum (also in dim. form : Dan.
To send him dragget [var. drogget, drugget] and his letua- Tatler, No. 131. tromle = Sw. trumla, < D. trommel = G. trom-
mel, formerly also drummel, MHG. trummel,
ries.
For ecbe of hem nude other for to winne. Specifically —
2. One who compounds or pre-
trumpet, drompel, trumel, a drum) orig. identi-
CAaucer, Oen. Prol. to C. T., 428. pares drugs according to medical prescriptions ;

cal with MHG. trumme, trumbe, < OHG. trumba,

1.

an apothecary or pharmacist a dispensing

2. A thing which has lost its value, and is no chemist. [U. S.] — ciliemist and druggist. See
;
trumpa, aimroTp, trumpet: see trumiA&nA trum-
longer wanted specifically, a commo<lity that chemist.
;
pet^. It thus appears that drum^ and trurnfA
is not salable, especially from overproduction
drugstert (drug'stfir), n. [< drug + -ster.'\ A are ult. identical, though applied to unlike in-
as, a drug in the market (the phrase in which druggist. struments. The diverse use is prob. due to the
the word is generally used). (supposed) imitative origin of the name. See
They place their ndnisters after their apothecaries that ;

Dead they He. is, the physician of the soul after the druqster of the bmly. drumi, t'.] 1. A musical instrument of the per-
As these were times when loyalty's a drug. South, Works, I. iv. cussive class, consisting of a hollow wooden or
And seal in a subordinate too cheap
And oonuDOO to be saved when we spend
spen life druld (dro'id), 71. [= G. druide = F. druide = metallic body and a tightly stretched head of
Brmming, King and Book, II. SSO, Sp. Pg. druida = It. druido, < L, druida, pi. membrane which is struck with a stick. Three
 ——
: — ;

dmm 1782
principal tomu
are used (1) cylindrical, with one head
: red-hass, gea-btus. See cut under redjish. Bass drum, — drumbelo (drum'be-16), n. [E. dial. : see drum-
aud an open bottom, usually called a tambouritit or a musical instrument, the largest of the drmn family, c] A dull, lieavy fellew.
ble'^,
^nptian arum ; (2) heniisphorieat, with one head, usually having a cylindrical body and two heads of membrane,
called a ktttUdrum ; (3) cylindrical, with two heads, one the tension of which may be altered by hoops. It is struck drumblelf (drum'bl), v. i. [Appar. freq. of
of which can be struck, as" in a side-drum or snare-drum, with a soft-headed stick. It is conunonly used in mili- drum, v., after D. trommelen = G. trommeln =
or both of which can Ite struck, as in the bass drum. All tary bands, and occasionally in full orchestras. Formerly Dan. tromle = Sw. truvda, drum (see drum, v.);
these (onus ai-e used to some extent in orchestral music, calledtoi,7dram.~Beat or tuckof drum. Seebeat^.— but perhaps in part of other origin. Cf. drum-
but the kettledrum only is important, because it alone can Circulating drum, in water-heatei-s or steam-boilers, a
be perfectly tuned. Orchestral drums ai-e generally used chamber dispo.sed to receive a flow of heated water in ble'^.] 1. To sound like a drum.
in pai», and tuned to ditferent pitches. The third form order to alluid room near tlie heating surface for other The whistling pipe and drumbling tabor.
iu all itfi varieties is much used in military music, prin- bodies of water from parts of the boiler remote from the Drayton, Nymphidia, viii.
cipally toemphasize rhythm. Are. —
Double drum, a former name of the bass drum.
I would wish them rather to be chosen out of all partes Drum of cod, a lai-ge cask or hogshead, containing from 2. To mumble.HalUwell.
f>(K) to 1,000 pounds, into which the cod are packed tight- drumble^t (drum'bl), v. i. [Cf. drumble^ and
of the realme, either by discretion of wise men thereunto
appoyuted, or by lott, or by the drumuie^ as was tlie old ly and pressed down with a jack-screw and shipped. dumble^.'] To drone be sluggish.
use iu sending f oorthe of colonyes. Drum of the ear. Same as tympanum. Muffled drum, — ;

Spen$cr, State of Ireland. a drum having the cord which is used for carrying the Go take up these clothes here, quickly ; look, how . . .

drum over the shoulder passed twice through the cords you drumble. Shak., M. W. of W., iii. 3.
The dmmnm crie dub a dub. Qaxoigne, Flowers. which cross the lower diameter of the drum, to prevent a
Your nether party fire must, sharp sound, or to render the sound grave and solemn. drumble-drone (drum'bl-dron), n. [E. dial,
Then beat a Hving dnan. And our hearts, though stout and brave,
also drumble-drane; < drumble -I- drone; cf. dum-
Battle of I'hitiphautih (Child's Ballads, VII. 134). Still, like viu^ed drums, are beating hlcdnrc.~\ 1. drone. 2.A — A bumblebee.
2. In arch. : (a) The solid part of the Corinthian Funeral marches to the grave. 3. A dor-beetle. Eingsley.
Longfellow, Psalm of Life. MD. drommeUr, a
and Composite capital, otherwise called bell, dnunblert (drum'bl6r), n. [<
vase, or basket. (6) One of the blocks of nearly dnun^ (drum), V. ; pret. and pp. drummed, ppr. kind of ship (Kilian). Cf. MD. D. drommeler, a
cylindrical form of which the shafts of many drumming. [= I), trommen = Dan. tromme = man of square and compact build, < drommel,
columns are constructed, (c) An upright mem- Sw. trumma, drum; also freq. E. drumble, q. v.; things packed close together, < drom, a thread,
ber under or above a dome. 3. In mack., a — from the noun, bu* felt to be in part imitative. = E. thrum'^, q. v.] A kind of ship.
See drum^, «., andcf. thrutn^.'] I. intrans. 1. To
term applied to various contrivances resem- She was immediatly assaulted by diuers English pinas-
bling a drum in shape. Specifically— (a) A cylin- beat a drum beat or play a tune on a drum.
; ses, Iioyes, and drumblers. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 001.
der revolving on an axis for the purpose of turning wheels 2. To beat rhythmically or regularly with the
by means of t>elts or bands passing round it. {b) The fingers or something else, as if using drum-
drum-call (drum'kal), n. In milit. music, a call,
tHirr«l of a crane or windlass, (c) A cylinder on which signal, or command given upon the drum.
sticks: as, to drum on the table.
wire is wound, as in wire-drawing, (d) The grinding cyl-
inder or cone of some mills. (*') The cast-iron case winch He drummed upon his desk with his ruler and medi-
drum-curb (drum'kerb), n. wooden or iron A
cylinder set in the opening of a shaft, at the
holds the coiled spring of a spring car-brake. (./") A cir- tated. W. M. Baker, New Timothy, p. 274.
cular radiator for steam or hot air a stove-drum or steam- beginning of its construction, to sustain the
;
There was no sound but the druinming of the General's
drum, (p) In water-heaters or steam-boilers, a chamber fingers on his sword-hilt. lining. The eai"th is cut away under the edges of the
into which heated water is made to tlow in order to afford drum, and as it settles down courses of brick are added to
G. W. Cable, Old Creole Days, p. 281.
room for other bodies of water from parts of the boiler nut the lining at the top.
so near the fire, (h) A steam-tight cask in which printed 3. To beat, as the heart ; throb. drum-cylinder (drum'si^'in-dSr), n. In a print-
fabrics are submitted to the action of steam to tix the col- His drumming heart cheers up his burning eye, ing-press, a large cylinder making one revolu-
ors, A washing-tub for cleaning rags iu paper-making,
(t)
His eye commends the leading to his hand.
(j) A doffer in a carding-machine. tion to each impression.
See cylinder-press.
Shak., Lucrece, 1. 435.
4. In a vase or similar vessel, that part of the drumfish (drum'fish),
as drum^, 11. n. Same
body which approximates to a cylindrical form. 4. To
attract recruits, as by the sound of thedrum-guard (drum'gard), n. A device on a
— 5. In attat. and eool. : (a) The tympanum
drum; hence, in the United States, to sue for
partizans, customers, etc. : followed by for. —
threshing-machine to prevent the operator,
or middle ear. (6) The tracheal tympanum or while feeding it, from falling into the throat,
labyrinth of a bird. See tijmpanum, 4. (c) One 5. To sound like a drum; resound. the feeder being at the top used only on Eng- :

of the tympanic organs seated in two deep This indeed makes a noise, and drums in popular ears.
lish machines.
Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici.
cavities on the first abdominal segment of cer- drumhead (drum'hed), n. 1. The membrane
tain Homoptera, and said to be used in produ- 6. To produce a sound resembling drumming stretched upon a drum, by striking which the
cing sounds. Kirby. {d) The large hollow hyoid said of partridges, blackcock, and other birds. tone is produced. Its tension and the pitch of the
bone of a howling monkey. See Mycetirue. 6. — It is done by quivering the expanded feathers tone are determined by rings or hoops fitted round the
edge of the drum-body.
A membrane drawn over a rotrnd frame, used of the wings.
2. The top part of a capstan, which is pierced
for testing the delicate edges of eye-instruments. The bird [snipe] never drummed except when on the
— with a number of holes to receive the ends of
7. A
receptacle having the form of a drimi, stoop, and whenever it performed this manoeuvre the
<iuill feathers of the wings were always expanded to their the levers or bars employed to turn it round.
or the quantity packed iu such receptacle as, a
—
8. Milit., a party accompanied
:
utmost width, so that the light could be seen between —
See capstan. 3. In anal., the membrana tym-
driitn of figs.
by a drum sent under a tlag of truce to confer
them, and quivered with a rapid, tremulous motion that
quite blurred their outlines.
pani. —
4. A vajiety of cabbage having a large
J. O. Wood, Out of Doors, p. 17L rounded or flattened head Drumhead court
with the enemy. martial. See court martial, under court.
I believe I told you of Lord John Drummond sending a To perform on a drum, as a tune. drumin, drumine (dmm'in), n. [< Drmn{mon-
trans. 1.
drum to Wade to propose a cartel.
Walpole, Letters, II. 2.
—II.
2. expel formally and accompany dii) (see def.) + -in^, -ine^.'] An alkaloid from
Milit., to
in departure with the beat of the drum often Euphorbia Drummondii, said to produce local
:

9t. [With allusion to drumming up recruits.] used figuratively, and usually followed by out: anesthesia like cocaine.
A fashionable and crowded evening party, at as, the disgraced soldier was drummed out of the
drumlin (drum'lin), n. Same as drum^, 2.
which card-playing appears to have been the regiment.
chief attraction; a rout. The more
drumly (drum'li), a. [E. dial, and Sc, also
riotous of A soldier proved unworthy was drummed out. drumblcd. Cf droumy. Perhaps altered from
.

such assemblies were styled drum-majors. Lowell, Tempora Mutantur. equiv. ME. drubly, drobly, turbid, muddy, con-
They were all three to go together to the opera, and One by one the chief actors in it [the prosecution of the nected with drublen, droblen, trouble, make
thence to Lady Thomas Hatchet's druin. Whisky Ring] were called before the lines, despoiled of
FUlding, Tom Jones. their insignia, and drummed out of the administration turbid, as water, perhaps allied to equiv. droien
All your modern entertainments, routs, drums, or as-
camp. N. A. Rev., CXXIII. 321. (see drove^), or possibly a mixture of droven
semblies. Qoldsmith, The Goddess of Silence. 3. To summon as by beat of drum. with eqtuv. trublen, troblcn, trouble. Cf. drum-
ble^, and LG. drummelig, drummig, musty, ap-
10. An afternoon tea. Also called kettledrum, But, to confound such time.
with a punning allusion to tea-kettle. 11. In — That drums him from his sport, and speaks as loud
As his own state, and ours — 'tis to lie chid
plied to gi'ain, bread, etc.] 1. Turbid; full of
grounds, dregs, or sediment dreggy muddy
ichth., a name of several seiKnoid fishes: so
; ;

As we rate boys. Shak., A. and C, i. 4. holding foreign matter in mechanical solution.

called from the drumming noise they make,
said to be due, in part at least, to the grinding 4. To force upon the attention by continual Draw me some water out of this spring. Madam, it is
of the pharyngeal bones upon each other, (a) iteration ; din : as, to drum something into one's all foul, ... it is all drumly, black, muddy.

ears.— To drum Wodroeph'e, Fr. and Eng. Gram., p. 210.

The salt-water drum, Poi/onias chroiais, the largest of the up,' to assemble as by beat of drum;
SeieenidAZ, ranging from '20 to nearly 100 pounds in weight, assemble or collect by influence and exertion as, to drum, : Then bouses drtcmly German water.
up recruits or customers. To mak' himser look fair and fatter.
driim^ (drum), n. [< Ir. and Gael, druim, also Burns, The Twa Dogs.
J.^^, druman, the back, a ridge, 'summit.] 1. A 2. Troubled; gloomy.
ridge; a hill. Drum enters into the composition of Dismal grew his countenance,
many Celtic place-names, especially in Ireland and Scot- And drumlie grew his ee.
land, as Drwrttcondra, jDrwwglass, Drmnsheugh, Drum- The Daemon Lover (Child's Ballads, I. 203).
lanrig, /)r«moak and it is frequently found alone as the
;

name of a farm, an estate, a village, etc. drum-major (drum'ma''jor), n. 1. The chief

or first drummer of a regiment. — 2. One who
-^ Specifically —
2. A long narrow ridge or mound
directs the evolutions of a band or drum-corps
of sand, gravel, and boulders a name given by
Irish geologists to elevations of this kind be-
:
in marching. [U. S.] — Sf. A riotous evening
Sal^water Drum (,Ptf£Onias chromis). assembly. See druni^, 9.
lieved to have been the result of glacial agen-
of a silvery-gray color when adult, and with numerous cies. See eskar, horseback, and kame. Also drummer (drum'Sr), n. l. One who plays the
bartiels on the chin.
drum; especially, one who beats time on the
It ranges along the Atlantic coast called drumlin.
of the United States from Florida to M,issachusetts. It drum for military exercises and marching.
feeds much upon shellfish, and is very destriictive to oys- [the glacial drift] is apt to occur in long ridges
It
ter-beds. («) The fresh-water drum, Ilaplodinotus grun-
(" drums" or drumlins) which run in the general direc- We caried with vs a fifer & a drummer.
nient, a smaller fish than the foregoing, without barbels. tion of the rock- striation —
that is, in the path of the ice Hakluyt's Voyages, III. 437.
movement. Geikie.
It is an inhabitant of the great lakes, and of the Mississip- 2. One who solicits custom a traveling sales-
;
pi river and its larger tributaries. Also called sheepgtiead. The long parallel ridges, or "sowbaoks" and drums,
(<:)The branded drum, or beardless dnmi, Scioma ocellata, as they are termed, . . invarial)ly coincide in direction
.
man ; a commercial traveler. [U. S.]
the redflsh of the south Atlantic and Gulf States. It is with the valleys or straths in which they lie. The energy and wiles of business drummers.
recognized by the black spot margined with light color Qeikie, Ice Age, p. 17. The Century, XXVIII. 631.
forming an ocellus on each side of the base of the tail-fln.
It is a game-fish valued for the table, averaging about druin-anuature (drum'ar'''ma-tur), n. A dy- 3. A of a large West Indian cock-
local name
10 ponnds in weight, but sometimes attaining upward of namo-armature constructed so" as to resemble roach, Blatta gigantea, which, in old frame
40 pounds. Also called organ-Jith, red-horae, tpatUd-bau, a drum in form. houses, makes a noise at night, by knocking
 ; ;
; —

dmmmer druse
[Nil., fem. pi.
head against the wood. The sound very drunkard (drung'kard),». [First in 16th cen Drupacese
(dro-pa'se-e), n. pi.
its
and -ace«p.] A
much resembles a smai-t knocking with the tury, also written drunkerd; < drunk + -ard.] of drupaceus: see drupaceous
knuckle upon the wainscoting. One given to an excessive use of strong drink name given by some botanists to that division
rosaceous plants which comprehends the al-
drumming (dmm'ing), n. The sport of fishing a person who is habitually or frequently drunk of mond, peach, cherry, plum, and similar fruit-
for dniuitish. an inebriate.
bearing trees. More generally called Amygda-
(immming:-log (drum'ing-log), ». A log to The drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty.
Prov. xxiii. 21. leie, from Latin amygdala, almond.
which a bird, as a grouse, resorts to drum,
dnimmock (drum'ok), n. [Sc, also written Avoid the company of drunkards and busylwdies. drupaceous (dro-pa' shins), a. [< NL. drupaceus,
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 404. < drujia, a drupe see drupe, and cf. Drupacew.^
(Iniminock, dramock, drammach, etc., < Gael.
:

1. Producing drupes: as, drupaceous trees.

dramaige, a foul mixture.] A mixture of un- Dnmkard's cloakt.
See cloak,

cooked oat-meal and cold water. drunkelewt, <'. and n. [ME. drunkelew, dron- 2. Resembling or relating to a drupe con- ;

kiliu-e, drunken, < drunken, dronken, drunken, sisting of drupes. See drupe.
To tremble uiuler Fortune's crumniock. -t- -lew, < leel. -legr = AS. -lie, E. -«y2.]
Oil scarce a bellyfu' o' drummock,
I. a. drupe (drop), n. [= F. drupe = Sp. Pg. It.
Wi' his proud, indepemlent stouiach Given to drink drunken. Chaueer.
; drupa, < NL. drupa, a drupe, < L. drupa, drup-
Could ill agree. Voide alle drunkdew folk, . . . pa (with or without olira), > LGr. ipmna, an
Burm, On a .Scotch Bard. And alle hem that vsen suche vnthriftynesse. overripe olive, < Gr. dptrnmi]^, ripened on the
Dmmmond light. Sameasca/ciu»»Z»<//i< (which And also dijs pleiera.
tree, quite ripe, a form alternating with dpvire-
Babeei Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 56.
.sec, iiiiili-i' cnlcium). TtK, ready to fall, overripe, < fipvq, tree, + rri-
n. «. A drunkard.
dmm-roomt (drum'rom), 11. The room where TTT-ecv, cook, ripen, and Tri-TTT-eiv (/ "tet), fall,
party See A yonge man to be a dronkelewe,
a drum or crowded evening is held.
Gouxr, Conf. Amant, vi. respectively.] In bot., a stone-fruit; a fruit in
drum'^, n., 9. j v which the outer part of the pericarp becomes
/^H
^
'V A
,^ [The older form of
The l«nuy housemaid begin, to repair the di«,rdered "5!!fl:t.®?ir^f ^
iyfl-„"; fleshy or softens like a berry, while the inner
Fielding, lom Jones, xl. 9. drunk, now used chielly as an 1 attributive, the
drum-room. hardens like a nut, forming a stone with a ker-
predicative use, as in senses 1 and 4, being
drum-saw (drum'sa), w. Same as cylindrical archaic or technical.] 1. Afiected by or as if nel, as the plum, cherry, apricot, and peach.
»«« (which see, under cylindric). The stone in-
by strong drink; intoxicated; drunk. closing the
dmm-sieve, «. See gicve. Drunken men imagine everything tumeth round. Bacon. kernel is call-
drum-skin (drum'skin), n. [= Dan. tromme- ed the puta-
A drumhead. He stares, he sighs, be weeps and now seems more men (or eudo-
skiiid z= Sw. trumskinn.}
With sorrow drunken than with Wine before. while carp), the
His heart J. Beaumont, Psyche, iiL 188. pulpy or more
Beat* like an iU-played drum-tUn quick and slow. Let the earth be drunken with our blood. succulent part
Library Mag., III. 801. Shak., S Hen. VI., ii. 3. is callett the
aarcocarp (or
dmmsladet, « . [Found in the 16th century, and 2. Given to drunkenness ; habitually intemper- mesocarp), and
appar. earlier; also spelled drumslet, 'drumsled ate: as, he is a drunken, worthless fellow. the outer cov-
(cited as drumsted), drombinlade, drumlade, Aton. Is not this Stephano, my drunken butler?
ering the epi-
carp. The true
drouHslate; appar. of D. or LG. origin, like Sell. He is drunk now. Shak., Tempest, v. 1.
drupe consists
drHmglager, but no corresponding form appears; 3. Proceeding from intoxication ; done in a of a single one-
cf. MD. trommeUlayh, D. trommeUlag G. trom- = state of drunkenness : as, a drunken quarrel.
celled and usu-
Drupe.
a. Section of a cherry a, fleshy
melsMag =
Dan. trommeslag =
Sw. trumsla-
When your carters, or your waiting vassals.
I. Cherries, :
allyone-seeded sarcocarp b, stony wall of the putameo, inclos-
;

^are, a drum-beat. Seedntnuiajfer.] 1. A drum.

carpel, but the ing the seed.
Have done a drunken slaughter, and defac'd tenu is applied
The dmmmen and the drumdada (tympanotrilwX as The precious image of our dear Redeemer, to similar fruits resulting from a compound pistil, in which
alio the trumpeters, call to anas, and inflame the soldiers, You straight are on your knees for pardon, pardon. there may be several separate or separable putamens.
i/ewfc, VUible World. Shak., Kich. III., ii. 1. Many small drujies, like the huckleberry, are in ordinary
usage claaseil with Ixrriis. f)n the other hand, some
2. A dniinraer. Minakeu. 4. Acting as if drunk : applied by workmen to
druiie-like fruits, as that of the hawtliorn, arc technically
drumslagert, n. [< MD. trommeUlager, trom- a screw the thread of which is uneven and pro- referred to the pome, and the cocoanut and walnut, be-
Diil-sliiiihir, D. trommeUlaqer (= O. trommel- duces an unsteadiness of motion in the nut. ing inlenuediate tietween a nut and a drupe, are described
schUi'ivr. earlier trommen-aeklSger, trMmpe^leger, as drupaceous nuts.
If the tool is moved irregularly or t>ecomes checked in
druuime-ncliUiger = D»n. trommeslager = 8w. Its forward movement, the thread will become drunken, dmpel (drO'pel), n. [< NL. "drupella, dim. of
trumslagare), < trommel, D. trommel and Irum (= that Is, it will not move forward at a uniform si>eed. drupa, a drupe: see drupe.'] A
little drupe,
Q. trommel and tromme, etc.), a drum, + glager J. Rote, l*ractical Machinist, p. 106. sucn as the individual pericarps which together
(= G. sehldger, etc.), beater (= E. slayer), < Drunken cutter. See cutter^ form the blackbeiry.
slagen (= O. sehlagen, etc., beat, strike) = E. drtinkenheadt (drung'kn-hed), ». [ME. drmi drapelet (drop'let), n. [< drupe +'-tef.] Same
slay : see drum and slayer. Cf. drumslade.] A keuhui, drunkinhed, dronkehed, < drunken + -hed, as drupel,
drummer. -head.] Dnmkcnness. drupeole (dro'pe-ol), «. [< NL. 'drupeola, dim.
Be was daine and aU bis oompuiie, there being bat For thel two through her dronkenkede. of drupa, a drupe: see dru2>e and -ole."] Same
one man, the drumtUgtr, left tUue, who by swUtnesse Of witles excitaclon as drupel.
of his (oot« ««caped. Oppressed all the nacion
Holinthed, Cliron., Ireland, an. ISM. Of Spayne. Oover, Conf. Amant vi. drupetum (drS-pe'tum), «.; pi. drupeta (-ta).
[NL., < drupa, a drupe see drupe and -etum.] :

[= Dan. tromme- drunkenly (dning'kn-li), adv. In a drunken

drumstick (drum'stik), «. In bot,, an aggregation of drupes, as in the
Ktik.] 1. One of the sticks used in beating a maniur. [Kare.] blackberry.
drum. That used for the bass dram has a soft, stuffed Th»' '''"°'' »'"*''>'• '"'* **'5 !>«"«".
Hast thou tapp d out, and dnmtCTUy^arousd. drupose (drS'pos), ». [< drupe -1- -o«e.] A
head. Dnmisticks are generaUy used in pairs, one Ui each compound (CiQHgoOg) formed by treating the
hand of the performer. Shak., Rich. II., ii. 1
2. Hence, from its shape, the lower or outer drunkenness (drung'kn-nes), n. [< ME. drun-
stony concretions found in pears with dilute
hydrochloric acid at a boiling heat.
joint of the leg of a dressed fowl, as a chicken, kennestu, drunkcnesse, dronkenesae, etc., < AS. j - j .

[Early mod. E. also drounj,

duck, or turkey. Anatoaiically, It Is the leg from the druHcennes, < druneen, drunken: see drunken "^'^'y'' *"7®J7t' ", j •• .

knee to the heel, the leg proper, or cms, intervening Ije- and-MCT«.] 1. The8tateofbelngdnink,orover- <lrouenj; < Uh. drury, drun druery, druerir,
twecn tlie thigh and the slunk, which latter is usually
powered by intoxicants the habit of indulg- druwerie, driwerie, etcT, < OF. druerie Pr. dru- =
cut off when the fowl is dresseti for the table.
ing
;

in intoxicants; intoxication; inebriation.

daria =
It. druderia, love, gallantry, < OF. dru,
3. The stilt-sandpiper or bastard dowitcher, drud, druc Pr. druz =
It. drudo, amorous, =
Miiri>i,iiliimii liimantopus. [Local, U. 8.] Sum men seye that he sloughe one* an Heremyte in gallant, < OHG. trut, drut (> G. traut, a.), a
his Dronkeneue, that he loved ml wel.
drumstick-tree (dmm'stik-tre). ». The Ca»- MandemUe, Travels, p. 71. mend, lover.] 1. Love; gallantry.
Kui Fistula : so called from the shape of its pods.
Let us walk honestly, as in the dajr not In rioting and
; Of ladys love and dretvery.
drum- wheel (drum'hwel), n. In hydraulus en- drunkennett. Rom. xlii. 13. Chaucer, Sir Thopas, 1. 184.
(/in., a tympanum.
2. Disorder of tha faculties resembling intoxi- The druuxriet of ladies and damesels make knyghtes to
drmnwobd (dmm'wud), n. The Turpinia oc- cation intense excitement ; frenzy ; rage.
;
vndirtake the hardynesse of armes that thei don.
cidrntiilis, a small sapindaceous tree of Jamai- Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 641.
Passion is the drunkennese of the mind.
ca and other parts of tropical North America. South, Sermons, II. 362. 2. mistress. A
It has pinnate leaves and white flowers, which
Lady, where is your drury/
are followed by dark-blue drupes. drunkenship (drung'kn-ship), n. [< ME. drun- Bonnie House o' Airly (Child's Ball.ids, VL 186).
k([H'\iihi)i, ilrunkeshipjie, dronkeskip (AS. 'drun-
drunk idrunxk). The regular past participle
cenncipe, not verified); < drunken +
-*/iip.] Drun- 3. A
love-token a gift, especially a jewel or
;
and a former preterit of drink.
other precious object.
drunk(drungk), |7. a. [Pp. of drtnt, r.] 1. In- kenness. For dronkeehip in euery place.
toxicated; inebriated; overcome, stupefied, or Thenne dressed he his drurye double hym aboute.
To whether side that it turne. Sir Qawayne aiui the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), L 2033.
frenzied by alcoholic liquor : used chiefly in the Doth harme. Gower, Conf. Amant, vi.
prsdicato. Hit (truth] Is as der worthe a druwerji as dere god hlm-
dmnkerdt, "• An obsolete spelling of drun- selue. Pierg Plowman (C), ii. 88.
Be not drumk with wine, wherein Is excess. Eph. v. 18.
[< G. druse (as in def.), <
Sfaice drunk with Vanity yon fell. dnmkwort (dmngk'wtrt), n. An old name drusei (dr8z), ^ __ n.
=
The thiagi tarn round to you that steadfast dwell. for tobacco. Minsheu Bohem. drvza, in same sense, orig. a brush,
CowUy, The HUtcees, Called Inconstant
^^^^ (jrunt), V. i. [Also drou7it, drant ; < Dan. lined Russ. druaa (obs.), a brush.] rock-cavity A
I Rare Patrick balf-a-crown for hi* Christniaslmx, on drunte, drynte (rare), lag, loiter.] To drawl. with crystals a geode, or, as miners call ;

condition he would tie good and lie came home drunk at it, a vug. A common word in Ocrnmny, adopted from
;
[North. Eng. and Scotch.]
miiluigl\,t Su7(/t, Journal to Stella, Dec. 24, 1711. the .Slavic the most important mining region of Germany
drunt (drunt), n. [Also drant, draunt; from being the Eragebirge, on the liorders of Bohcniia. 1'he
:

2. Drenched or saturated.
I will make mine arrows drunk with blood.
Dent xuii. 42. dumps the huff. [North. Eng. and Scotch in as aimb has been in English. Hence it also came to mean
drunk (drungk), n. l< drunk, a.] 1. A spree; both senses.]
—
a drinking-bout. 2. A case of drunkenness
a drimken person. [Slang.]
the verb.] 1. A slow and dull tone; a drawl- word originally meant (in Slavic) brush,' and was applied
ing enunciation. —
2. A fit of ))ettishnes8; the to surfaces covered with projecting crystals like teeth, just
;
the cavities where snih druses are found to occur. In
English the word dnijie is little used lit the present time
An' Mary, nae doubt, took the drunt. except by mineralogisU, and then chiefly in the adjective
To be compared to Willie. Bums, Halloween. form drtuy (which see). See also geodt.
 ;; — ;

Druse 1784 dry-as-dust

Dmse2 (drOz), n. [Turk. /)n(n.] One of a Wyth stume chere ther he stod, he stroked his berde, With eyes scarce dried, the sorrowing dame
tt wyth a countenaunce dry;^e he dro3 doun his cote. To welcome noble Marmion came.
people and religious sect of Syria, living chiefly
Sir Gaxpayne and the Green Kniyht (E. E. T. S.), 1. 335. Scott, Marmion, iv. 12.
in the mountain regions of Lebanon and Anti-
libanus and the district of Hauran. The only Full cold my greeting was and dry. 2. To cause to evaporate or exhale stop the ;
Tennyson, The Letters. flow of: as, to dry out the water from a wet
name they aeknowledpe is I'nitariang {Muahidin): that
by which they are known to others is probably from Ismail 8. Humorous or sarcastic, apparently without garment.
I^razi or I>urzi, wlio was tlieir first apostle in Syria. They intention slily witty or caustic as, a dry re-
are fanatical and warlike, and have had bloody conflicts
; :
Chang'd Peace and Pow'r for Rage and Wars,
with their uei^hbors the Maronites.
mark or repartee. Only to dry one Widow's Tears. Prior, Alma, 1.

Dnisian' (dro'si-an), a. [< L. Dri(sia7itis, < He was rather a dry, shrewd kind of body. Irving. 3. To wither; parch.
J}nii!Hg (see def.).] Pertaining to Nero Clau- Mark ... is exceedingly calm his smile is shrewd
; A man of God, by Faith, first strangely dri'd.
dius Drusus, called Drusus Senior (38-9 B. c), he can say the driest, most cutting things in the quietest, Then heal'd again, that Khigs vnholy hand.
tones. Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, ix. Sylvester, tr. of Du liartas's Triumph of Faith,
stepson of the emperor Augustus, who govern- iiii. 8.

niejisure, eiinal to
— about
ed Germany Druslan foot, an ancient German long
13 English inches.
9. In painting, noting a hardness or formal
stiffness of outline, or a want of mellowness
This wasted body.
Beaten and bruis'd with arms, dri^d up with troubles.
Is good for nothing else but quiet now, sir.
Drusian- (dro'zi-an), a. [< I>rusc- + -jaw.] Of and harmony in color; frigidly precise; harsh. And holy prayers. Fletcher, Loyal Subject, i. 3.
or pertaining to the Druses. The Fall of the Angels, by F. Floris, 1554 which has ;
Cut and dried. See cut, p. o.— Dried alum. Same as
The full exposition of the Drusian creed . would some good parts, but without masses, and dry. —
burnt alum (which see, under- aium). To diy up. (a)
. .

require a volume of considerable size. Sir J. Reynolds, Journey to Flanders and Holland. To deprive wholly of moisture scorch or parch with arid-
;

Eneyc. Brit., VII. 484. No comparison can be instituted between his [Verro- ity.
chio's] dry uninspired manner and the divine style of his Their honourable men are famished, and their multi-
dmsy (dro'zi), o. [< druse^ + -i/i.] In mineral., scholar [Leonardo da Vinci]. tude dried up with thirst. Isa. v. 13.
covered or lined with very minute crystals. The C. C. Perkins, Italian Sculpture, p. 136.
(b) To evaporate completely; stop the flow of: as, the
surface of a mineral is said to be dmsy when composed
of very small prominent crystals of nearly uniform size 10. In sculp., lacking or void of luxuriousness fierce heat dried up all the streams.
as, drwsy quartz. or tenderness in form. —
11. Free from sweet- Dry up your tears, and stick your rosemary
On Shak., R. and
The dnuy, crystalline cavities of quartz and amethyst ness and fruity flavor said of wines and, by
:
this fair corse. J., iv. 5.

that enhance the beauty of the material [silicifled wood] extension, of brandy and the like, it is said also II. intrans. 1. To
lose moisture; become
BO much. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXVIII. 382. of artificially prepared wines, as champagnes, in which a
diminished amount of sweetening, or liciueur, as it is
free from moisture. —
2. To evaporate; be ex-
druve, n. [Seedrouw.] Amuddy river. Grose. called, is added, as compared with sweet wines.
haled ; lose fluidity : as, water dries away rap-
[Cumberland, Eng.] idly; blood dries quickly on exposure to the
12. In metal., noting a peculiar condition of a
druvyt, "• See drovy. Brockett. metal undergoing metallurgic treatment. The air.— To dry up. (a) To become thoroughly dry lose ;

druxy, dnixey (druk'si), a. [Also droxtj, and all moisture. (6) To be wholly evaporated ; cease to flow.
epithet is chiefly used in reference to copper which is be-
(c) To wither, as a limb, (ti) To cease talking be silent.
tormeily *drixi/,dricksie; origin obscure.] Part- ing refined. Dry copper contains a certain proportion of
;

ly decayed, as a tree or timber ; having decay-
ed spots or streaks of a whitish color.
dry (dri), a. and n. [Early mod. E. also drie; <
ME. drye, drie, dri, drige, dryge, druyc, etc., <
AS. dryge, drige,orig. *driige D. droog ML(}.
droge, druge, LG. dreuge, drog, drege, dree, dry;
allied to OS. drukno, drokno, adv., druknian, v.,
make dry, =
OHG. trucchan, trocchan, MHG.
[Low.]
oxygen in combination, and to eliminate this it is subject-
ed to the process of poling. Dry up :— no, I won't dry up. I'll have my rights, if I
... so you had better dry up yourself.
die for 'em,
During the ladling out the refiner takes an assay at P. Reeves, Student's Speaker, p. 79.
short intervals, as the metal is liable to get out of pitch,
or become dry, as under-poled copper is termed. dryad (dn'ad), n. [= D. G. Dan. dryade = Sw.
= = Eiiajc. Brit., VI. 350. dryad = F. dryade = Sp. driade, driada = Pg.
dryas = It. driada, driade, < L. dryas (dryad-),
13. In American jiolitical slang, of or belong-
< Gr. ipvd( (dpvad-), a wood-nymph, < Spl(, a
ing to the Prohibition party in favor of or
adopting prohibition of the sale or use of intoxi-
;

tree, esp. and commonly the oak, E. tree, =

trucken, trocken, G. trocken, adj., dry. Cf. Icel.
cating liquors opposed to wet : as, a dry town,
: q. V. Cf. hamadryad.'] 1. In myth., a deity or
draugr, a dry log, from the same Teut. •/ *drug.
Hence ult. drought^, drouth, dryth, and drug'^,']
county, or State —
Cut and dryt. See cut, p.a.—
Dry bob, casting, color. See tlie nouns.— Dry con-
nymph of the woods ; a nymph supposed to re-
side in trees or preside over woods. See hama-
I. a. ; compar. drier, superl. driest (sometimes fections. See confection.— JiTy cooper. See cooper.— dryad.
dryer and dryest). 1. Without moisture; not Dry cupping. See cuppiwj, i.— Dry digging, distilla-
tion, exchange, mass, measure, pile, etc. See the Soft she withdrew, and, like a wood-nymph light.
moist; absolutely or comparatively free from nouns.— Dry plate, in 2j/to?o<7., a sensitized plate of which Oread or Dryad, or of Delia's train.
water or wetness, or from fluid of any kind: as, the sensitive film is hard and dry, so that it can be packed Betook her to the groves. MUton, P. L., ix. 387.
dryland; dry clothes; dry weather; a dry day; away, and, if protected from light, will keep for a con- Thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees, . . .

dry wood ; dry bones. siderable time before being used to make a negative or Singest of summer in full-throated ease.
a positive picture. Various processes for preparing dry Keats, Ode to a Nightingale.
When 'tis fair and dry Weather North of the Equator, plates have been experimented with almost since the ear-
'tis blustering and rainy Weather .South of it. liest diffusion of photography ; but most of these processes
Knock at the rough rind of this ilex-tree, and summon
Dumpier, Voyages, II. iil. 77. forth the Dryad. Hawthorne, Marble Faun, ix.
afforded plates of very uncertain quality, slow in opera-
It is a very dry country, where they have hardly any tion, and exceedingly tmreliable in their property of keep- 2. In a kind of dormouse, Myoxus dryas.
zoiil.,
other supply but from the rain water.
Pococke, Description of the East, II.
ing. Dry plates have comparatively recently come into
general use, in great measure superseding the old wet
Dryades (dri'a-dez), «. pi. [NL.] group of A
ii. 136.
plates, owing to the adoption of gelatin as a medium for
butterflies, named from the genus Dryas. Hiih-
Upon the reading of this letter, there was not a dry eye the sensitizing agent (bromide of silver), which is formed ner, 1816.
in the club. Addison, Spectator, No. 617. into an emulsion with the gelatin, and spread in a thin
film upon some support, as glass, paper, or metaL
dryadic (dn-ad'ik), a. [< dryad -jc] Of or +
Nor vainly buys what Gildor sells. Such pertaining to dryads.
Poetic buckets for dry wells. plates require a remarkably short exposure to make a
M. Green, The Spleen. picture, are very convenient to handle, since the operator He could hear the woods declaiming in vibrant periods,
although he could translate none of these dryadic tones
Specifically — 2. In geol. from and mining, free
can make a number of exposures at one time and place,
and can perform the chemical operations of development, that came from the trees. The Atlantic, LXI. 669.
the presence or use of water, or distant from etc., at his convenience, weeks afterward, if necessary, at
Dryandra (dri-an'dra), «. [NL., named after
water: as, dry diggings; dry separation. 3. — any other place, instead of being forced, as with wet
Jonas Dryander, a Swedish-English botanist
Not giving milk: as^ a dry cow. 4. Thirsty; — plates, to finish his picture at once. Moreover, the gela-
tin film is so tough that it is hardly necessary to varnish (1748-1810).] A large genus of Australian
craving drink, especially intoxicating drink. a dry-plate picture, as is indispensable with the tender shrubs, natural order Proteacto?, with hard, dry,
None so dry or thirsty will touch one drop of it. collodion film and these plates can be prepared conmier-
. . .
;
evergreen, generally serrated leaves, and com-
cially at small cost and of even quality. Their chief defect
Shak., T. of the 8., v. 2.
is that they cannot, as now made, be trusted to keep un-
pact cylindrical clusters of yellow flowers. A
Believe me, I am dry with talking ; here, boy, give us impaired in warm, damp weather, while unexposed or un- few species are occasionally cultivated in green-
here a l)ottle and a glass.
developed, unless carefully protected from the air (in air-
Cotton, in Walton's Angler, houses.
ii. 259. tight boxes). —Dry process. See process. Dry season, — Dryas (dri'as), n. [NL., < L. dryas, a dryad:
I suspected nothing but that he had rode till he was dry. a fishing season during whicli tish are scarce. [Local, New
Walpole, Letters, II. 346. England.] — Dry service. See dry mans, under massi. see dryad.'] 1. A
small genus of rosaceous
5. Barren; jejune; destitute of interest; in-
— Dry way, a method of assaying by tlie aid of fire, or in plants, found in alpine and arctic regions of the
a furnace or nmffle the opposite of assaying in the humid
;
northern hemisphere. They are small prostrate
capable of awakening emotion : as, a dry style way, when the conil)ination to be assayed, or, more prop- shrubs with large white or yellow fiowers, followed by a
a dry subject ; a dry discussion. erly, analyzed, exists in solution, or in the liquid form. number of long feather-awned achenes. The mountain
As one then in a dreanie, whose dryer braine High and dry. See AiirA.-To boll dry. See6ot(2. avens, D. octopetala, is amphigean, and from it the arctic
Is tost with troubled sights and fancies weake, n. n.; pi. dries (driz). 1. A
place where D. inteyri/olia is hardly distinct. The only other species,
He mumbled soft, but would not all his silence breake. things are dried; a drying-house. D. DrtnnmoTidii, is peculiar to the Rocky Mountains of
Spenser, i\ Q., I. i. 42. British America.
In the tanks it [clay] is allowed to settle until it acquires
Their discourses from the pulpit are generally dry, me- a thick creamy consistency, when it is transferred to the 2. In entom.: (a) A
genus of butterflies, of
thodical, and unatfecting. Goldsmith, English Clergy. drying-house or dry. Kncyc. Brit., XIV. 1. which D. paphia is the type and sole species.
Long before he reached manhood he knew how to baffle 2. In American political slang, a member of (6) Another genus of butterflies. Also called
curiosity by dry and guarded answers.
Macaiday, Hist. Eng., vil. the Prohibition party. —
3. In masonry, a fis-
Aculhua. Hiibtier, 1816; Felder, 1865.
dry-as-dust (dri'as-dusf), a. and n. [That is,
Macaulay'8 memory, like Niebuhr's, undoubtedly con- sure in a stone, intersecting it at various angles
founded not infrequently inference and fact it exagger- to its bed and rendering it unfit to support a dry as dust; used as the name of "Dr. Dryas-
;

ated it gave, not what was in the book, but what a vivid
; load.
imagination inferred from the book. Sir George Lewis
had none of this defect ; his memory was a dry memory,
just as his mind was a dry light if he said a thing was at
;
page 10, you might be sure it was at page 10.
W. Hac/ehot, On Sir O. C. Lewis.
6t. Severe; hard: as, a dry blow.
Dro. S. I pray you eat none of it [meat].
Ant. S. Your reason?
Dro. S. Lest It make you choleric, and purchase me an-
other dry basting. Shak., C. of E., ii. 2.
If I should have said no, I should have given him the
He, uncle, and so have deserved a dry beating again.
Ford, 'Tis Pity, ii. 6.
7. Lacking in cordiality; cold:
was very snort and dry.
dust," the feigned editor or introducer of some
dry (dri), V. ; pret. and pp. dried, ppr. drying. of Scott's novels, and by later -writers in allu-
sion to this character.] I. a. Very dry or un-
[< ME. dryen, drien, drigen, drygen, etc., < AS.
drygan, drigan, tr., dry, drugian, intr., become interesting; prosaic.
dry (= D. droogen =
LG. drdgen, driigen, dry), That sense of large human power which the mastery
over a great ancient language, itself the key to a magnifi-
(.dryge, dry: see dry, a.] I. tran^. 1. To make cent literature, gave, and which made scholarship then a
dry ; free from water or from moisture of any passion, while jvith us it has almost relapsed into an anti-
kind, and by any means, as by wiping, evapo- quarian dry-as-dust pursuit.
ration, exhalation, or drainage; desiccate: as, R. //. Ilutton, Modern Guides of English Thought, p. 193.
to dry the eyes; to dry hay; 'svind dries the So much of the work is really admirable that one the
more regrets the large proportion of the trivial and the
earth ; to dry a meadow or a swamp. dryasdust. Athenceum, No. 3084, p. 739.
After drie hem in the Sonne, a nyghtes
Leve hem not tliroute, and then in places colde H. n. A
dull, dry, prosaic person.
as, his answer Lette bonge hem uppe. Not a mere antiquarian dryasdust.
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.),p. 117. British Quarterly Rev., LXXXIII. 17a.
 dry-beat
dry-beatf (dri'bet), r. t. To beat (a thing)
it becomes dry ; hence, to beat severely.
1 will dry-beat you with an iron wit.
Shak., R. auJ J.,
Rng, Xot one word more, my maids break off, break off.
Biron. By heaven, all dry-beaten with pure scoff
1785 Dryolestes
within the inner cylinder, and the machine is then made sensibility in devotion; want of ardor; as, dryness of
till
to rotate with great velocity, when, by the action of cen- spirit. ((0 In paintinij, harshness and formality of out-
trifugal force, the water escapes through tlie lioles. The line, or want of mellowness and harmony in color, (e)
action of the drying-maclline is the same in principle as In sctUp., want of tenderness in form.
Iv. 5. that witnessed when a person trundles a mop to dry it. dry-nurse (dri'ners), ». 1. A nurse who at-
;
Also called extractor.
tends and feeds a child, but does not suckle it.
!

Shak., L. L. L., V. 2.
drying-off (dri'ing-of), n. The process by
wnich an amalgam of gold is evaporated, as in
Compare wet-nurse. —
2. One who stands to an-
other in a relation somewhat similar; hence, es-
He by dry-beating him mi^lit make him at least sensible gilding.
of blcjws. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. S;J4. pecially, an inferior who instructs his superior
drying-plate (dri'ing-plat), n. One of a series in his duties. [Slang.]
dry-bone (dri'bdn), n. In mining, the ore of of frames in a malt-kiln, covered with woven
zinc, chiefly the silicate, which occurs, mixed Grand caterer and dry-nurse of the Church. Cowper.
wire, and placed one over the other, so that
with lead ore, in the mines of the upper Missis- the hot air from the flues beneath may ascend dry-nurse (dri'ners), v.t. 1. To feed, attend,
sippi lead re^on. through them and dry malt placed in them, and bring up without suckling. 2. To in- —
dry-boned (dri'bond), a. Having dry bones; drying-tube (dn'ing-tub), ». A tube filled struct in the duties of a higher rank or position
without Hesh. Imp. Diet. with some material having a great avidity for than one's own. [Slang.]
dry-castor (dri'kas'tor), ». species of bea- A moisture, such as calcium When a superior officer does not know his duty, and is
ver. Sometimes c&WeA parchment-bearer, chlorid, sulphuric acid, or instructed in it by an inferior ofticer, he is said to be dry-
dry-cup (dri'kup), r. t. To apply the cupping- phosphoric anhydrid, and used nursed. The inferior nurses the superior as a dry-nurse
rears an infant. Brewer.
glass to without scarification. to dry a cxirrent of gas which
£y-cupping (dri'kup'ing), n. See cupping. is passed through it, or to Dryobalanops (dri-o-bal'a-nops), n. [NL., <
dry-Ctire (ili-i'kiir), r. t. To cure (fish, meat, retain the moisture evolved Gr. (!pi«,iu>.ai'of, an acorn (< Spvq, a tree, esp.
hides, etc.) by salting and drying, as distin- from a substance so that it the oak, -1- (ia^Mvoq, an acorn or any similar
guished from pickling. can be weighed. fruit), + uTp, face, appearance.] small ge- A
£y-ditcht (dri'dich), i'. t. To labor at without Dryininae (dn-i-ni'ne), ». pi.
result, as one who digs a ditch in which no [NL., < l>ryinus + -ina.'] A
water will flow. subfamily of parasitic hyme-
There would be no end to repeat with how many quar- nopterous insects, of the fam-
rels this unfttrtunate Bishop was pruvok"d, yet his adver- ily Froctotrupidw, founded by
saries did but dry-ilitck tlieir matters, and digged in vain,
though they still cast up earth.
Drying-tube. Haliday in 1840. They are dis-
Bp. Uaekel, Abp. Williams, iL 98. tinguished by having a tongue-like
addition to the hind wings, or, when the wings are want-
dry-dock (dii'dok), n. See dock^. ing in the female, by enlarged raptorial front feet. The
dryer, «. See
drier. wingless species resemble ants.
dry -eyed (dri'id), a. Tearless; not weeping. Dryinus (dri'i-nus), n. [NL. (Latreille, 1804),
si;.'ht so deform what heart of rock could loiif; < Gr. dpvtvoi (of a tree, esp. of the oak) (= E.
Dni ei/.'d behold? MUton, p. L., xi. 495. treen), < ipvc, a tree, the oak: see dryad.'] 1.
In entom., the typical genus of I>ryinin<e, hav-
dry-fatt (dri'fat), n. Same as dry-vat.
ing the vertex impressed and the wings ample.
diy-flstt (dri'flst), n. A niggardly person. Ford.
It is wide-spread, and the species appear to be parasitic
dry-fisted (dri'fis'ted), a. Niggardly. upon leaf-hoppers. D. alriventrui of North America is an
lirit-Jitted patrons. example.
Newtt/rom Pamastus.
2. In herpet., a genus of whip-snakes, of the
dryfoot (dri'fut), adr. foot, dru
[< ME. drye
family Dryophidte, distinguished from Dryophis
fot, drtii fot, drigefot, adverbial aeo. ; AS. dat.
(which see) by having smooth instead of keeled
pi. drygum Jotum, on dry feet.] 1. With dry
feet; on dry land. —
2. In the manner of a
scales. J/errcm, 1820; Wagler.
+
dog which piursues game by the scent of the dryly, drily (dri'li), adc. [< dry -lyK] 1.

foot.
without moisture.
It looks ill, it eats drily; marry, 'tis a withered pear.
A hound that nuu coanter, and yet drawi dry-foot well. SAo*., Alls Well, L 1.
Shak., C. of E., Iv. 2.

My old muter intends to follow my young master, dry- 2. Without embellishment; without anything
/<Kit. over Moorflelds to Ixjndon. to enliven, enrich, or entertain. Flowerijig Branch of Cajnphor-trec Dryebalanofs arofna/t'ea).
{

B. Jonton, Erery Man in his Humour, ii. 2.

Tlie poet either drily dldactive gives us rules which
dry-foundered (drl'fonn'dferd), a. Foundered, might appear abstruse even in a system of ethics, or tri- nns of trees, belonging to the natural order Dip-
tlingly volatile writes up<m the most unworthy subjects. terocarpew, natives of the Malay archipelago.
as a horse.
Goldtmilh, The Augustan Age in England. The principal species, D. aroiiieUica, is remarkable as the
If he kick thus 1'the dog-days, he will be dry-fourtder'd.
3. Coldly; frigidly; without affection. source of the B<^meo or .Sumatra camphor, which is found
Brau. ami Ft., King and Ho King, r. 3.
filling cracks or cavities in the wood. See camphor.
Virtue is but dryly praised and starves.
dry-goods (dri'gudz), n. pi. Te.xtile fabrics, Dryden, tr. of Juvenal's Satires.
Dryocopus (dri-ok'o-pus), n. [NL., < Gr. rfpif, a
and related or analogous articles of trade (as tree, esp. the oak, +
-ko-oc, < Kometv, cut.] 1. A
cloth, shawls, blankets, ribbons, thread, yam, 4t. Severely; harshly; inconsiderately. genua of woodpeckers, of which the great black
hosiery, etc.), in distinction from groceries, Conscious to himself how dryly the king had been used
hardware, etc. by his council. Baeon, Henry VII.

Hi hone* were laden on the beach near Benacre with 6.With apparently unintentional or sly hu-
dry ffoodt, and on the aoth of the same month 40
. . . mor or sarcasm.
horses were laden with dry yood* at Kartley by riders well Drymodes (dri-mo'dez), «. [NL. (Gould, 1840),
armed. Rep. of llotue o/ Commont on Smugfflinff, 1745.
< <ir. ApvfiudrK, woody (of the wood), < dpv/ioc, a
dry-house (dri'hous), n. Same as drying-house. coppice, wood, an oak-coppice (< dpv^, a tree,
To twive woollen )>o)>)iins and shape after
retain their size esp. the oak), +
fi(5of, form.] A
genus of Aus-
they are put int^j a hot mill, tlie wood moat be thoroughly tralian turdoid passerine birds. Its position is
seasoned In a good, well heated dry house.
Maart/aeturer^ Rev., XX. 217.
uncertain ; by some it is referred to a family
Timeliida;. Also written Drymaaedus.
drying [Ppr. of dry, r.] 1. Serv-
(dri'ing). a.
ing to diy; adapted to exhaust moisture: as, a Drymoeca (dn-me'kft), n. [NL. (Drymoica —
drying wind or day. —
2. Having the quality of
Swainson, 1827), < Gr. dpvp6c, a coppice, +
rapidir becoming dry and hard: as, a drying
oucof, house, > o'lKeiv, dwell.] 1. genus of A
small dentirostral oscine passerine birds, con-
oil. See inl.
taining numerous characteristic African spe-
drying-box (dn'ing-boks), n. In photog., an cies known as grans-tcarblers : now commonly
oven or a <'iipl)oard neated by a gas- or oil-stove,
or otherwise, and used to dry and harden gela-
merged in Cisticola. 2. [J. c] — member of A
this genus.
tin plates, phototypes, et«.
Also Drymoica.
drying-case (dri'ing-kas), ». copper case A Drymomys (drim'o-mis), n. [NL. (Tschudi,
inclosed in a bot-water chamber, employed in
l,s4r)), < dr. Spv/id^, a coppice, -I- //iif, a mouse.] Great Black Woodpeclcer {Dryocpfiuj martius).
drying tissues and hardening balsam prepara-
tions for tlio microscope.
A notable genus of South American sipmodont
rodents, of the family Muridai and subfamily woodpecker of Europe, Dryocopus martius, is
drying-chamber (dri'ing-cham'btr), n. See Murinee, They have the upper lip cleft, the ears large,
elm mill r.
the type. This bird one of the largest of Its tribe,
Is
the tail long and scaly, the lncis<jrs furrowed on the sides, black with a scarlet crest, and resembles somewhat the
drying-floor (dri'inp-flor), n. See floor. and the molars small, the flrst of them with S pairs of tu- Ivory-billed and pileated woodpeckers of the I'nited States.
drying-house (dri'ing-bous), n. A building, bercles, the second with 2 pairs, and the third with 1 pair. It inhabits northerly portions of Europe. Bote, 1826.
room, eatablidbments of many different
etc., in dry-multure (dri'mul'tur), «. In iScots laio, a 2. A genus of South American tree-creepers.
kinds, as gunpowder-works, dye-houses, fruit- sum of money or quantity of com paid yearly Also Dendrocincla. Maximilian, 1831.
drying establishments, etc., where goods orma- to a mill, whether those liable in the payment Dryodromas
(dri-od'ro-mas), n. [NL. (Hart-
^ terials are dried in an artificially raised tem- grind their grain at the mill or not. See tliirl- laiib and Finsch,
1869), < Gr. Spvc, a tree, esp.
perature a drying-chamber. Abo dry-house,
;
age. the oak, -t- fipopa^, running, < Spapelv, run,] A
drijinii-ronm. dryness (dri'nes), n. [Formerly also driness; genus of African warblers, the dryodromes, as
drying-machine (dri'ing-ma-shen'), n. Ama- < ME. drynesse, < AS. drygnes, drignes, etc., < 1). fulricnpilla of South Africa.
chine uscil in bleaching, dyeing, and laundry dryge, dry: see dry and -ness.] The character or dryodrome (dn'o-drom), «. bird of the genus A
establishments, consisting of two concentric —
state of being dry. Specifically (o) Freedom from Dryodrrnnas.
drums or cylinders, one within the other, open moisture; lackof water or other fluid; aridity; arldness.
(fi) Barrenness; Jejuneness; want of that which interests,
Diryolestes (dri-o-les'tez), n. [NL., < Gr. ('piT,
at th<! top, and having the inner cylinder per- enlivens, or entertains: as, the drynesn of style or expres- a tree, esp. the oak, -I- Iriarr/^, a robber.] A
forated with holes. The goods to be dried are placed sion the dryness of a subject,
; (c) Want of feeling or genus of fossil pantotherian mammals of the
 ; : ;
. ;:

Dryolestes 1786 dub

Jurassic ago, remains of which are found in the I Iwcame a merchant — a wholesale trafficker ... in the existence of matter they could make no use of it. The
Atlantosaurus beds of the Rocky Mountain re- everything, from barrels of gtinpowder down to a pickled sutjjectwould remain as dark as before. G. H. Lewes,
herring. In the civic acceptation of the word, I am a (b) the doctrine of a double absolute, especially a prin-
gion of North America, indicating an animal merchant amongst the vulgar, I am called a drysalter. 'I'o
;
ciple of good aud a principle of evil, or a male and a fe-
related to the opossum. T. Hook, Gilbert Gurney, III. ii. male principle.
Dryolestidse (dri-o-les'ti-de), n. pi. [NL., < 2.
Dryolestes + -idrt'.] A
family of extinct mar- etc. [Great Britain.]
A
dealer in dyestuffs, chemical products, Rudimentary forms of DuaZism, the antiigonism of a Good
and Evil Deity, are well known among the lower races of
supial mammals, represented by the genus Dry- mankind. E. B. Tylor, ITim. Culture, II. 287.
drysaltery (dri'sal't^r-i), «. [< dry-salt + -ery."]
olestes.
Dryoptaidse (dri-of'i-de), n. pi. [NL.,
1. The business of a diysalter.
< Dry- kept by a drysalter.
2. The articles — 3. In theol. : (a) The doctrine that there are two
independent divine beings oreternal principles,
ophis + -i(f<p.] A
family of aglyphodont or dry-shod (dii'shod), a. Having dry shoes or one good and the other evil : characteristic es-
colubriform serpents; the whip-snakes. They feet. pecially of Parsism and various Gnostic sys-
have an extremely slender form and a greenish color tems. (6) The heretical doctrine, attributed
their haitits are arboreal, and they inhabit warm countries. Dry-shod to passe she parts the flouds in tway.
Spenser, F. Q., I. x. 20.
to Nestorius by his opponents, of the twofold
The pupil is horizontal, and the dentition characteristic;
the snout is sometimes prolonged into a flexible appen- Those Feet, that dry-shod past the Crimsin Gulf, personality of Christ, the divine logos dwelling
daiie. There are several genera. Now dance (alas !) before a Molten Calf. as a separate and distinct person in the man
Dryophis (dri'o-fis), n. [NL., < Gr. <5piic, a tree, Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Lawe. Christ Jesus, and the union of the two natures
esp. the oak, -f- 6(j>i^, snake.] A
genus of colu- dry-stone (dri'ston), a. Composed of stones being somewhat analogous to the indwelling
briform serpents, typical of the family Dryophi- not cemented with mortar: as,'' drystone vraUB," of the Holy Spirit in the believer; that view of
dai, or whip-snakes, having no nasal appendage Scott. the personality of Christ which regards him as
and keeled scales. D. acuminata ana D. ar- dry-stove (dri'stov), n. A glazed structure for consisting of two personalities. —
4. In chem.,
gentea are two Sotith American species. containing plants which are natives of dry cli- a theory advanced by Berzelius which assumed
Dryopithecus (dri'o-pi-the'kus), n. [NL., < mates. that every compound, whether simple or com-
Gr. Apvc, a tree, esp. the oak, = E. tree, + Ttidr/- drytht, n. [< dry + -th; a mod. formation, as plex, must be constituted of two parts of which
(cof, an ape.] A genus of extinct anthropoid a var. of drouth, with direct ref. to dry. See one is positively and the other negatively elec-
apes from the Miocene of France, of large size drought^, drouth.'] Same as drought^. trified. Thus, for example, sodium sulphate is put toge-
and among the highest simians, regarded by dry-vatt (dri'vat), n. A basket, box, or pack- ther not from sulphur, oxygen, aud sodium, but from sul-
phuric acid and soda, which can themselves be separated
Gervais and Lartet as most closely related to ing-case for containing articles of a dry kind. into positive and negative constituents. Muir, Principles
the early ancestors of man. These apes were Also dry-fat. of Chemistry.
of nearly human stature, and were probably I am a broken vessel, all runs out 5. In general, any system or theory involving
arboreal and frugivorous. A shrunk old dry/at. a duality of principles Creatural dualism. See
Dryoscopus (dri-os'ko-pus), n. [NL. (Boie, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 2. creatural. — Hypothetic dualism, ^et! hypothetic. — Nat-
a tree, esp. the oak, -1- anoirelv,
1826), < Gr. dpic, Charles has given o'er the world I'll undertake ural dualism, the doctrine of a real suijject and a real
view.] An
extensive genus of shrikes, of the ... to buy his birthright of him
;
object in cognition accepted unreflectively. — Persian
For a dry-fat of new books. dualism, the doctrine of a good and an evil active princi-
family Laniidee, containing about 22 species, Fletcher {and another). Elder Brother, i. 2.
ple struggling against each other in the government of
all confined to Africa. The type is D. mbla. The —
human affairs and destiny, Realistic dualism, the
bill isalways hooked and notched, but varies in propor- D. S. -An abbreviation of dal segno, doctrine that the universe consists of two kiiuls of reali-
tion of height to width in diJferent species. The nostrils d/s. An
abbreviation of days' sight, common in ties, spirit and matter.

are oval and exposed, the wings and tail rounded and of commercial writings : as, a bill payable at 10 dualist (du'a-list), n. [= F. dualiste = Sp. Pg.
about equal lengths, and the tarsi scutellate. The plu- It. dualista = D. Dan. Sw. dualist; as dual +
d/s. (that is, ten days after sight).
mage of the back and rump is extremely fluffy ; the colora- One who holds the doctrine of dualism
tion is black and white, sometimes with an ochraceous D. Sc. An
abbreviation of Doctor of Science. -ist.]

tinge but without any bright colors, and is alike in both dso, n. [E. Ind.] valuable hybrid between A in any of its forms an opponent of monism
;

sexes. Also called Hapalonotu^, Chawtuyiiotus, and Rhyn- the yak and the common cow. Encyc. Brit., especially, one who admits the existence both
chantatng.
XIV. 197. of spirit and of matter. Craig.
dry-point (dri' point), n. and a. I. re. 1. A D-string (de'string), re. The third string on dualistic (dii-a-lis'tik), a. [= F. dualistiquc (cf.
steel instrument or etching-needle with a sharp
the vioUn, and the second on most other in- D. G. dualistisch
— Dan. Sw. dualistisk) ; as du-
point, used by etchers to cut delicate lines on
struments played with a bow ; the third string alist + -ic. ] 1 Consisting of two ; characterized .

copperplates from which the etching-ground

has been removed. The bur raised by the cutting of
on the guitar. by duality. 2. Of or pertaining to dualism; —
duad (du'ad), re. [Var. of dyad, after L. d«o, not monistic.
the metal is either left standing on one side of the furrow
to catch the printing-ink and produce a mezzotint etfect two see dyad, dual.] 1 Same as dyad. 2. In
: .
—
The dualistic doctrine of a separate mind is therefore
upon an artificial and impassible separation of the
of more or less deep tone, or removed with the burnisher math., an unordered pair; two objects consid- basednecessarily co-existent sides of thought-life, namely,
so that the line may yield a clean impression.
two
ered as making up one, and as the same one the plastic and the functional.
2. The process of engraving with the dry-point. whichever is taken first. ilaudsley, Body and Will, p. 118.
H. a. In engraving, an epithet applied to a duadic (dii-ad'ik), a. 1. Same as dyadic. 2.
line made with the dry-point, or to an engrav- In math., composed of unordered pairs.
—
In the Mazdean orZoroastrian religion we have the best
example of a dualistic faith. Faiths oj the World, p. 350.
ing produced by means of that instrument. dual (du'al), a. and re. [< L. dualis, of two (in duality (du-al'i-ti), re. [< ME. dualitie = F. du-
dry-pointing («iri'poin''ting), n. The grinding gram. tr. Gr. SvM;), < duo = Gr. 6vo = E. two, alite= Pr. duatitat = Sp. dualidad = Pg. duali-
of needles aud table-forks. q. v.] I. a. 1. Relating to two specifically, dade = It. dualitA, < L. as if *dualita{t-)s, < du-
;

Drypta (di-ip'ta), n. [NL. (Fabricius, 1801), ir- in gram., expressing two, as distinguished from alis, dual see dual.] The state of being two,
reg. < Gr. dph-zTtiv (?), tear, strip.] A genus of singular, expressing one, and from plural, ex- or of being di-vided into two; twofold division :

adephagous beetles, of the family Carabidce. pressing more than two. The languages of our fam- or character; twoness.
They are of small size and slend'er, graceful form. There
are 20 to 30 species, confined to the old world, especially
well repj;esenteti in the East Indies and Africa only 2 are
European. D, rnurffinata of Europe is the type.
Dryptidaet (drip'ti-de), n. pi. [NL. (Laporte,
Drypta + -idee.] Afamilyof Coleoptera,
1834), <
named from the genus Drypta, now merged in
Carabidce.
dry-rent (dri'rent), n. In laic, a rent reserved
without clause of distress.
A
ily originally had a dual number, both in declension and in
Tliis dualitie after determission is founden in euery
conjugation ; it is preserved in Sanskrit and Gfreek, and
; creature, be it neuer so single of onhed.
less fully in other tongues, as Gothic. Dual forms also Testament of Love, ii.
occur in other families.
2. Composed or consistingof two parts, quali- Though indeed they be really divided, yet are they so
ties,or natures, which may be separately con-
united as they seem but one, and make rather a duaiity
than two distinct souls.
sidered twofold binary ; dualistic as, the
; ; : Sir T. Browne, Eeligio Medici, iL 6.
dual nature of man, spiritual and corporeal. To the schoolmen the duality of the universe appeared
Faint glimpses of the dual life of old. under a different aspect.
Inward, grand with awe and reverence outward, mean Huxley, Nineteenth Century, XXI. 192.
;

dryrihedt, »»• false spelling of drearihead. and coarse and cold. Whittier, Garrison of Cape Ann. The principle of duality, in rjeom., the principle that
dry-rot (dri 'rot), «. 1. A
decay affecting II. n. In gram., the nupiber relating to two
in any pro]iosition not involving measure, if for "point"
be everywhere substituted '-plane," and vice versa, the
timber, occasioned by various species of fun- the dual number. latter proposition will be as true as the former.
gi, the mycelium of
The employment of a dual for the pronouns of the first Upon this supposition of a positive curvature, the whole
which penetrates the and second persons marks an early date. of geometry is far more complete and interesting ; the
timber, destroying Genesis and Exodus i^. E. T. S.), Pref., p. xiv. principle of duality, instead of iialf breaking-down over
metric relations, applies to all propositions without ex-
it. Potyporux hyhridus
causes the dry-rot of oak-
dualin (dii'a-lin), n. [< dual, of two, -i»2.] + ception. W. K. Clifford, Lectures, I. 323.
built ships Meruliua la-
;
A mixture of 30 parts of fine sawdust, 20 of
(dii'an), re. duan
[< Gael, duan, a poem, canto,
cryiiums is the most com- saltpeter, and 50 of nitroglycerin, used as an
mon and roost formida- explosive. Also called dualin-dynamite. ode, song, ditty, oration, Ir. duan, a poem, =
Cf. Ir. duar, a word, saying, duas, a
ble dry-rot fungus, found
chiefly in fir- and pine-
dualism (da'a-lizm), «. [= F. dualisme Sp. song. =
division of a poem; a canto; also, a A
wood. Polyporus destruc-
Dry-rot Fungus {Merulius tacry-
fftans).
Pg. It. dualismo =
D. G. dualismus =Dan. dua- poet.]
poem or song. Burns; Byron.
tor is common in Ger- lisme =
Sw. dualism; a.s dual -ism.'] +
1. Divi-
many. Damp, unventilated situations are most favorable sion into two; a twofold division; duality. duarcby (du'ar-ki), re.; pi. duarchies (-kiz).
to the development of dry-rot fungi. Dry wood is not [Prop. *dyarchy, < Gr. dvo, =: E. two,
An inevitable dualism bisects nature, so that each thing < apxeiv, rule.] Government by two persons;
-apx'", +
attacked. Various methods have been proposed for the
is a half, and suggests another thing to make it whole as,
prevention of dry-rot; that most in favor is to thoroughly :

saturate the wood with creosote, which makes it unfit for spirit, matter ; man, woman odd, even ; subjective, ob-
;
diarchy (which see).
vegetation. (See A:yanizi?i*7.) Animal dry-rot is also found jective in, out upper, under motion, rest yea, nay. . .
; ; ;
Siam is practically a monarchy, although nominally a
;

to be occasioned by the attack of fungi. The same dualism underlies the nature and condition of duurehy, the second king hardly holding the power of a
man. Emerson, Compensation. vice-king. Harper's Weekly, XXVIII. 330.
2. Figuratively, a concealed or unsuspected in-
ward deoajf or degeneration, as of public mor- 2. In philos., in general, that way of thinking dubi (dub), pret. and pp. dubbed, ppr.
V. t.;
als or public spirit. which seeks to explain all sorts of phenomena dubbing. [< ME.
dubben, rarely dohben, doub-
dry-ruD (dri' rub), v. t. To make clean by rub- by the assumption of two radically independent hen, dub (also in comp. adubben : see aduh), <
bing without wetting. and absolute elements, without any continuous late AS. "duhban (only once in pret. dubbade
dry-salt (dri' salt), v. t. To cure (fish, meat, gradation between them opposed to monism. : " Se oyng [William the Conqueror] dubbade his
hides, etc. ) by salting and drying dry-cure. ;
In particular, the term is applied (a) To the doctrine
that spirit and matter exist as distinct substances, thus
— sunn Henric to ridere," the king dubbed his
drysalter (dri'sal'tfer), «. [< dry-salt, v., + being opposed both to idealism and to materialism. son Henry a knight) (whence the equiv. Icel.
eri.] If. A dealer in salted or dried meats, Berkeley then is right in triumphing over Realism and dubba til riddara, Sw. dubba till riddare; Icel.
pickles, sauces, etc. Dualunn. Kight in saying that if lie were to accord them dubba, also, equip with arms, dress), < OF.
 dub 1787 dubitative
Attorney-General, was restless and du-
comp. adouher, ado- dnb^ (dub), n. [E. dial, and Sc. see *62.] A
Wedderbum, the
'doitber, "doher, duher, in :
bious, and was anxious to oblige the Chief Justice of Com-
ber. aduber, adubber, adoubber, adobber, equip puddle a small pool of foul, stagnant water. ;
mon Pleas to retire, in order that he might obtain his place.
with arms, invest with armor, dress, prepare, They rudely ran with all their might, Lecky, Eng. in 18th Cent., xiv.
repair, adjust, mod. F. adoubir, adjust (a piece Spared neither dud nor mire.
2. Doubtful ; marked by or occasioning doubt
Bebin Hood and the Beggar (CUUs Ballads, V. 196).
in chess), adouber, radoubcr, repair (a ship, etc.) or uncertainty ; diflieult to determine or relieve
Tarn skelplt on thro' dub and mire.
(= Sp. adobar, prepare, dress, pickle, cook, tan, Despising wind, and rain, and fire.
of uncertainty; not distinct or plain; puzzling:
et«. (hence Sp. and E. adobe), OPg. adubar = Surns, Tam o' Shanter. as, a dubious question; a dubious light.
= addobbare, dress, deck, adorn; so ML.
It. Sometimes the manner of speaking, even concerning
adobare, equip with arms, invest with armor,
dub-a-dub (dub'a-dub'). [Seedu62. Ct. rub-a- common things, is dark and dubious.
dub.] An imitation of the sound of a drum. Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. ix.
dub as knight, dress, repair, adorn, etc.), < a-, See second extract under dritm^, 1.
L. (id-, to, + douber, duber, adjust, arrange. For dubious meanings learn'd polemics strove,
O^gasfl do Da:
dubasb (do'bash), «. Same as dohhash. And wars on faith prevented works of love.
repair, prob. of OLG. origin, meaning orig.
•strike' (whence, in two independent appliea-
aUDD i,uuu;, «. [Ar. (>Pers.)du6&, abear.] A Crabbe, Works, I. 147.
Syrian bear. Looked to it probably as a means of solving a dubious
tious, (a) 'strike, give the accolade,' with refer- ."l"?^^'/?!?; Ferd. and Isa., xvi.
""f""*"
dubbeh i<mn
(dub'e),
> «. [Ar. ddbba.'} The mod- problem. Prescott,
ueetothatpartof the ceremony of knighting,
ern Egyptian name of the common wooden The world is full of hopeful analogies and handsome du-
.vhence, in general, equip with arms, invest bious eggs called possibilities.
lock used in Cairo and elsewhere in the East.
with armor, dress, adorn, etc., and (6) 'strike, It has a square bolt of wood, sometimes as much as two
George Eliot, Middleniarch, I. 91.

beat, dress, prepare,' in various mechanical feet long, in which are a numl>er of holes arranged in a 3. Of uncertain event or issue: as, a dubious
uses; not found in ME.); cf. OF. dober, dauber, pattern ; a movable block, above and resting upon the undertaking.
beat, swiuge, thwack (In part identical with lK)lt,has iron pcfis corresponding to the holes in the bolt.
The key, also of wood, has also pegs or pins by means of His utmost power with adverse power opposed
dober, dauber, piaster, daub: see daub); < East which the pins of the lock ai-e pushed up, allowing the bolt In dubious battel on the plains of heaven,
Fries, dubba, beat, slap (Koolman), OSw. = to Klide. Also spelled
^ dahbeh. And shook his throne. Milton, P. L., 1. 104.
dubba, strike (Ihre), appar. orig. in part imita- dxxbber^t, «• A furbisher of old clothes. York 4. Liable to doubt or suspicion; of doubtful
tive; cf. dub^. Cf. also <ta6l.] 1. To strike Plnus, Int., p. Ixxv. quality or propriety ; questionable as, a man :

with a sword in the ceremony of making one dubber^ (dub'fer), n. [Bepr. Gujerati dabaro of dubious character; a dubious transaction;
a knight; hence, to make or designate as a (cerebral d), a leathern vessel, bottle, etc.] In his morals or his methods are dubious. =Syzi. 1.
knight ; invest with the knightly character. India, a large leathern vessel made of imtanned Unsettled, undetermined.— 2. Doubtful, Ambiguous, etc.
He lokede hide of the buffalo or the goat, and used for (see obscure, a.); questionable, prolilematical, puzzling.
As is the kynde of a knyght that cometh to be doubed. holding oil, ghee, etc. Also written dupper. dubiously (du'bi-us-li), adv. Doubtftilly ; un-
Piers Plowman (C), xxL 11. certainly; questionably.
Did they not hoil their Butter it would be rank, but af-
He. [the Xayro) Is dul/bed or created by the king, who For first, Albertus Magnus speaks dubiously, confessing
ter it lias passed the Fire they kept it in Duppers, the year
commaundeth to gird him with a sword, and laying his round. Fryer, East India and Persia, p. 118. he could not confirm the verity hereof.
ri>!ht hand vjion his head, muttereth certaine wordeg soft- Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iii. 5.
ly, and afterward dubbeth him. dubbing (dub'ing), n. [< ME. dubbing, dob-
(dii'bi-us-nes), n. 1. The state of
Purchat, Pilgrimage, p. 495. bijng ; verbal n. of daftl, ».] 1. The act of dubiousness
The king stood up under his cloth of state, took the making a knight ; the accolade. being dubious, or inclined to doubt; doubtful-
sworil from the lord protector, and dubbed the lord mayor ness.
Uayminl. A prince longeth for to do
of Londou knight The gode knistes dobbyng. She [Minerva) speaks with the dubiousness of a man,
Shoreham, Poems, note.
not the certainty of a Goddess. Pope, Odyssey, i.,
Moiuieur Mingo for qnafflng doth •orpaa*, p. 15,
In cup, or can, or glass; The dubbyng of my dlngnite may nojt be done downe, 2. Uncertainty; the quality of being difficult
God Bacchus do me right.
Nowdlr with dnke nor duzeperes, my dedis are so dreste. to determine, or open to doubt or question : as,
And dub mo knight York Play; p. 219.
Domingo. the dubiousness of a problem.
Niuh, Summer's Lut Will and Testament 2t. Dress; ornament; trappings. Let us therefore at present acquiesce in the dubiousness
catch, a scrap of which is also put into the mouth of
Bis corown and his kinges array of their antiquity. J. Philips, Splendid Shilling, Ded.
(TUs And his dubbing he did oway.
SneDoe Id Shakxpere's 2 ileury IV., v. 3, alludes to a con-
Holy Rood (E. E. T. 8.), p. 130. dubitable (du'bi-ta-bl), a. [< OF. dubitable =
TiTial ciutoni, according tu which he who drank a large =
potation of wine or i>tber liquor, on his knees, to the health 3. The act of striking, cutting, rubbing, or
Sp. dubitable =
Pg" dubitavcl It. dubitabile, <

of his mistress, was jocularly said to lie dubbed a knight, li. dubitabilis, < dubitare, doubt: see dubitate,
dressing, so as to make smooth or otherwise Liable to be doubted doubts ; un-
and retained his title for the evening.) dotibt, u.] ;

Hence — 2. To confer a new character or any adapted to a pur])Ose. (a) Dressing by means of an
adz. (6) Kubbing with grease, as leather when being cur-
certain.
dignity or name upon ; entitle ; speak of its.
ried. .See dipping, 4. (c) Raising a nap on cloth by means
All the did}itable hazards
Of fortune. Middleton, Game at Chess, ilL 1.
O Poet thou had'st been discreeter, . . . of teazels.
:

If thou had'st duMd thy Star a MeU-or, Hence —

4. A preparation of grease for use in The ground of invocation of saints or angels being at
That did but blaze, and rove, ami die.
Prior, On the Taking of Namur, st li
cnrrying leather. —
6. The materials used for
least dubitable, their invocation is sin.
Dr. II. More, Antidote against Idolatry, p. 25.
making the liody of a fishing-fly. The term Is ap
A man of wealth is dubb'd a man of worth. plied more particularly to material of short fiber used in dubitably (dii'bi-ta-bli), adv. In a dubitable
Pope, Imit of Horace, I. tL 81. making the body of the tly, as fur, pig's wool, or pig's manner. [Rare.] Iiui). Diet.
Tka setUefB have dubbed this the cabhaKc-tree. down. It is spun sparsely around the waxed wrapping-silk dubitancy (dii'bi-tan-si), n. [< OF. dubitance
anil wound on with it Tlie materials commonly used are
The Century, X.VVII. 98).
mohair, seal's wool, pig's wool, floss silk, and hurls of pea-
=
It. dubitanza, < ML. dubitantia, doubt, < L.
8t. invest with the dress and insignia of a
To ciK'k-featber* or of oatrlch-plumes. Wool Is least used for dubitaH(t-)s, ppr. of dubitare, doubt: see dubi-
knight, or with any distinctive character; in dubbing, especially in trout-flshing, as It absorbs too much tate, doubt, r.J Doubt ; uncertainty. [Eare.]
general, to dress; ornament; embellish. water and makes the fly soggy it is used, however, for sal-
;
Running headlong and wilfully after the old impurities,
mon-tliea, seal's wool being preferable.
He llbe Lord) dubbed him wit oar liknes. even then when they are most fully without all dubitaiwy
Kng- Heir. HomUiet (ed. J. Small), p. 12. Take your duMn'ni; which is to make the body of your fly, resolved, that all the joys of heaven are forfeited by this
a* much as you think convenient choice. Hammond, Works, IV. 505.
(It was) dubbed oner with dyamondea, that were dare Cotton, in Walton's Angler, 11. 245.
holdyn. dubitate (du'bi-tat), ». «'. pret. and pp. dubi-
That wllh lemys a lamp shone.
of light as dubbing-tool (dnb'ing-tol), n. A
tool for par- tated, ppr. dubitating. [< L. dubitatus, pp. of
;

Dettruetion of Troy (E. E. T. 8.X L 1083. ing or smoothing off an irregular surface an dubitare, doubt see doubt, v.] To doubt hesi-
;
: ;

And alle tho Kobes ben orfrayed alleabout«n, and duUed adz. tate. [Bare.]
falle of preciooa Stonea and ol grete oryent Perles, fulle dubh. [Ir. and Gael., black. See dAu.] See If, for example, he were to loiter dubitating, and not
richely. MandevOU, TraveU, p. 233. ^^|^,^ come if he were to come, and fail.
;

4. Tostrike, cut, rub, or dress so as to make dubhash (de'bash), n. Same as dobhash. Carlyle, French Rev., I. iv. 1.

smooth, or of an equal surface, (o) To cut down or dubiety (du-bl'e-ti), n. [=: Sp. dubicdad Pg. =
How largely his statements are to be depended on, I
nduce with an adz. dubkdade= It. dubbirU), dubbietade, dubbietate. more than merely dubitate.
Lowell, Biglow Papers, 2d sen, p. 7.
If I wanted a board, I had no other way bnt to cut down a < h. duhietait-)^ < f/uWiM, doubtful: see rfuW-
edge hi'fore me, and hew It flat on either
tree, set it on an edge I
ous.] Doubtfulness dubiousness. ; dubitatingly (du'bi-ta-ting-li), adv. Hesitat-
aide with ray axe, till I had brought It to be as thin as a inglv. Carlyle.
Astate of dubiety and suspense is ever accompanied by
plank, and then dub it smooth with my adze. De Foe, OF. and P.
nneaslness. Hiehardton, dubitation (du-bi-ta'shon), n. [<
b) To nib with grease, as leather when lieing curried, (c) The twilight of dubiety never falhi upon a Scotchman. dubitation, =
Pr. dubitaiio =
Sp. dubitacion =
^o ralaa a nap on, as cloth, by striking it with teazels, (d)
?.
To cat aff the comb and wattles, and si^mctlmes the ear-
Lamb, Imperfect Sympathies. Pg. dubita^do =
It. dubitazione, < L. duhita-

lobca ol (a game-cock) ; trim, (e) To dress (a flshlng-llyX Had the antagonist left dubiety. tio{n-), < dubitare, doubt: see dubitate, douhfl.']
Here were we proving murder a mere myth. "The act or state of doubting; doubt; hesitation.
Some dub the Oak-fly with black wool, and
Isabella-col- Browning, Ring and Book, II. 75. In the scholastic disputations, dubitation was the condi-
oured mohair, and bright brownish bear's hair, warped on ,J- X.. f i-\ J 7,- -J.- / f \
1
duWosity (du-bl-08 l-ti), n.; p\.dubwgittes{-tiz). tion of a disputant who had pronounced a matter to be
with yellow ilik. /. rotom. Complete Angler, p. 106, note.
doubtful and was Ijound to sustain that ixisition.
It no time to be dubbing when yon ought to be fishing. r= It. dubbiogttd, dubbiosilade, dubbiositate, <
Is Dubitation Is the beginning of all Knowledge.
R. B. Bootenelt, Game Fish, p. 266. L. as if 'dubiogitd(t-)a, < duhiosus, dubious: see
To dub out, bring oat (a surface) to a
in ptaater-vpork, to dubious.']1. Dubiousness; doubtfulness. — 2. The ordinary effects
Howell, Letters,
might for' ever after be con-
. . .
I. v. 20.

'evcl plane by pieces of wood, tiles, slate, plaster, or the Something doubtful. fidently expected, without any dubitation.
Men often awaUow falsities for troths, dubiontiet for Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 255.
Bb^ (dnb), V. {.; pret. and pp. dubbed, ppr. certainties. Sir T. Broume, Vulg. Err.
In states of dubitation under impelling elements, the in-
dubUng. [Prob. orig. 'strike' (see dutA). but dubious (du'bi-us), o. [= It. dubbioso, < LL stinct pointing to courageous action is, besides the man-
in duh-a-ilub, rub-a-dub, considered imitutiye,
~
,;„/,jo,f„j, an
iininiAiiw, dw
u. dubiUS
extension of L.
iuic<.i/cuuiuuuL "
OPg. duMO, lier, conjecturably the right one.
like Ar. dabdaba (a pron. like E. u), tho Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XL. 461.
uoi.st
= It. duhio, dubbio), doubtful: see doubt^.] 1.
of a drum, of horses' feet, etc. The noun dub'^ Doubting; hesitating; wavering or fluctuating dubitative (du'bi-ta-tiv), a. [= F. dubitaHf
isratherduetodaftl, 4 (a), dress with an adz.] in opinion, but inclined to doubt. = Pr. dubitatiu Sp. Pg. It. dubitativo, < LL. =
To make a quick noise, as by hammering or At first he seemed to be very dubtout in entertaining
dubitativus, < L. dubitare, doubt: see dubitate.]
drumming. any discourse with us, and gave very Impertinent answers Tending to doubt ; doubting. [Rare.]
"llb2 (dub), n. [See rf«ft2, f.] A blow. to the questions that we demanded of him. They were engaged. She had been niMilcd at. all but
Vampier, Voyages, I. 12. eaten up, while he hung dubitaticf ; and lliough that was
As skilful coopers hmip their tubs
'With Lydian and with Phrygian rftiAs. Dubiout still whose word to take. the cause of his winuiug her, it olTeuded his niceuess.
S. Sutitr, Uudlbras, U. L 8fia Brmminy, Ring and Book, I. 121. O. Meredith, The Egoist, Ui.
 — — —

dubitatively 1788 duck

dubitatively (du'bi-ta-tiv-li), adv. Hesitat- 3. pi. Money; cash. [Slang.] 4. An Aus- — ML. a duke:
see duke\ and cf. ducat, dogate.^
ingly; doubtingly; as'if in doubt. [Rare.] trian weight for gold, which has been deter- The territory or dominions of a duke ; a duke-
"But oujrht I not to tell Ezra that I have seen my mined by Vienna authorities to be 3.490896 dom. See duke^, 3.
father?" said Mirah, with deprecation in her tone. *'No," grams. This unit is supposed to have been derived duchy-court (duch'i-kort), n. The court of a
Mrs. Meyrick answered, dubitativeli/, "1 don't know that through the Jews from the I'tolemaic drachma of 3,56 duchy especially, in England, the court of the
;
it is necessary to do that." grams. Ducat gold, in ceram., a name given to gilding duchy of Lancaster, held before the chancellor
George Eliot, Daniel Deronda, lii. of brilliant color slightly in relief above the glaze, espe-
cially in the painting of fine iwrcelain. of the duchy or his deputy, concerning equi-
Dnboisia (du-boi'si-a), «. [NL., named after
F. N. A. DuboiSf a French botanist and ecclesi- ducatoon (duk-a-ton'), n. [Also formerly dueka- table interests in lands held of the crown in
astic (1752-1824).] 1. A
solauaeeous genus of toon, ducadoon; < F. dueaton Sp. dueaton = =
right of this duchy.
plants, of Australia and New Caledonia, in- Pg. dueatdo, < It. dueatonr, aug. of ducato, a ducipert, «• In her., same as cap of maintenance
(which see, under maintenance).
cluding two shrubby or arborescent species.
D. myoporoides is employed in surgery for the dilatation duck^ (duk), V. [< ME. "dukken (= MD. dueken
of the pupil, and yields an alkaloid, duboisine, identical =
LG. dueken, > G. dueken z= Dan. dukke, also
with hyoscyaniine. The wood is white and very soft, but dykke), duck, dive, stoop; a secondary verb,
close and tirui, and excellent for carving. Tlie leaves and partly displacing its orig., E. dial, and Sc. douk,
twigs of the itituri. Z>. Hopicoodii, are chewed by the na-
a stiniuhiting tonic.
tives as dook, < ME. douken, diiken, < AS. 'ducan (found
2. [^ c] Same as duboisine, only in deriv. duce, a duck see duck'^) MD. : =
duboisilie (du-boi'sin), ?^. [< Duboisia + -inc2.] duycken, D. duiken= MLG. daken, LG. duken =
An alkaloid obtained from Duboisia myoporoideSj OHG. tuhhan, MHG. tuchen, G. iauchen Sw. =
a shrub or small tree which is a native of Aus- dyka, orig. intr., duck, dive, stoop.] I. intrans.
tralia. In its chemical reactions and its physiological 1. To plunge the head or the whole body into
effects it presents strong resemblances to hyoscyamine. water and immediately withdraw ; make a dip.
Also dubotsia. They shot marvellously at him, and he was driven some-
dnbs^ (dubz), n,pL
.pi. •
[An abbr.
[ of doublets.^ times to duck into the water.
bles. A
Doublets at marbles. A.player knocking two marbles .
North, tr. of Plutarch, p. 609.
out of the ring cries "du6«," and thereby claims both. Well, my dear brother, if I scape this drowning,
The ground was beaten by many feet to the liardness of 'Tis your turn next to sink you shall duck twice
;

a floor, and the village boys delighted to play marbles in Before I help you.
this convenient spot. Their cries of "rounses," "taw," Beau, and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 2.
*'dtibs," "back licks," and "vent" might often be heard 2. To nod or bob the head suddenly bow. ;
there before and after school hours.
The Century, XXXVI. 78. Because I cannot flatter, and look fair, . . .

Duck with French nods and apish courtesy,

dnbs^ (dubz), n.pl. [Cf. equiv. dibs: see difts.] I must be held a rancorous enemy.
Money same as dib^, 3. [Slang.]
: Shak., Eich. III., i. 3.

ducal (du'kal), a. [= F. ducal = §p. Pg. ducal = You shall have

It. ducale, C\Aj. ducalis, < L. dux (due-), a lead-
A Frenchman ducking lower than your knee.
At th' instant mocking even your very shoe-ties.
er, general, ML. duke see duke^.l 1. Pertain-
:
Ford, Love's Sacrifice, L 1.
ing to a duke as, a dueal coronet.
Oil, salt,
:

even flour and bread, were subject to monopoly,

Hence — 3. To give way;
yield; cringe.
"What, take the credit from the Law?" you ask?
and could only be sold by the ducal agents. Broughain. Indeed, we did ! Law ducksto Gospel here.
2, In ornith., a term applied to certain large Browning, Ring and Book, II. 107.

terns of the subgenus Thalasseus, as Sterna Wig ducked to wig, each blockhead had a brother, and
{Thalasseus) cantiaca. Cones. there was a universal apotheosis of the mediocrity of our
set. Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 338.
dncally (dti'kal-i), adv. After the manner of
a duke; with a duke or a ducal family: as, H. trans. 1. To dip or plunge in water and
dueally connected. immediately withdraw : as, to duck a witch or a
dncape (dii'kap), «. A heavy silk, especially scold.
So strait they were seizing him there
black or of plain color, usually corded. To duck him likewise.
ducat (duk'at), n. [Altered in spelling from Ducatoon struck by Antonio Priuli, Dojje of Venice, A. D. r6r8- 1623. Robin Hood and Little John (Child's Ballads, V. 220).
earlier duck'at, ducket, < ME. duket (= D. du- Britisii Museum. ( Size of ttie oriijinal.)
I say,duck her in the loch, and then we will see whether
kaat, G. dukat, Dan. Sw. dukat), < OF. and F.
ducat : see ducat."] .The English name of the she is witch or not. Scott, Abbot, ii.
ducat =
Pr. ducat =
Sp. Pg. ducado It. du- = dueatone, a silver coin (also called giustina) for- 2. To lower or bend down suddenly, as in dodg-
cato, < ML. dueatus, a ducat; so called, it is
merly current in the republic of Venice, and ing a. missile or an obstacle, or in saluting awk-
said, from the motto "Sit tibi, Christe, datus,
containing nearly 398 grains of fine silver, equal wardly: as, to duck the head.
quem tu regis, iste dueatus" (let this duchy to 0.965 of the United States silver dollar. ducfcl (duk), ». [< duek^, v.l A diving incli-
which thou rulest be dedicated to thee, O nation of the head.
Some gae her crowns, some ducadoons.
Christ), impressed on a coin struck by Roger Oighfs Lady (Child's Ballads), VIII. 290). As it is also their generall custome scarcely to salute
II. of Sicily as duke of Apulia < ML. dueatus, ;
The duckatoone, which containeth eii^ht livers, that is, any man, yet may they neither omitte crosse, nor carved
a duchy, < L. dux {due-), a leader, ML. duke see : six shillings. This piece hath in one side the effigies of statue, without a religious duck.
duke^. a doublet of dacat] 1.
Cf. dnehy, ult. the Duke of Venice and the Patriarch, . . . and in the Discov. of New World, p. 128.
A gold coin of varying form and value, formerly other, the figure of St. Justlna, a chast I'atavine [Paduan]
virgin. Coryat, Crudities, II. 68.
Here without duck or nod,
lie,
Other trippings to be trod
in use in several European countries. A ducat Of lighter toes. Milton, Comus, 1. 960.
was first issued io Apulia, alwut the middle of the twelfth duces, n. Plural of dvj:.
duces tecum (dii'sez te'kum). will [L., you duck^ (duk), n. [= Se. duik, duke, dook, < ME.
bring with you duces, 2d pers.
: sing. fut. ind. ducke, dukke, doke, dokke, douke, duke, < AS. diiee
of dueere, lead, bring (see duet) ; te, abl. of tu (found only in gen. ducan), a duck, lit. a ducker,
= E. thou; cum, with (appended to personal < *duean (pret. pi. *dueon, pp. *ddccn), duck,
pronouns).] In law, a writ commanding a per- dive : see duck^, v. Cf . ducker, 3 ; Dan. duk-and,
son to appear in court, and to bring with him dyk-and, a sea-duck (and, duck: see drake^);
specified documents or other things in his cus- Sw. dyk-fdgel, diver, plungeon (fdgcl ^1. fou-l). =
tody, which may be required as evidence. More So diier, dipper, dopper, etc., names applied to
fully called subpoena duces tecum. See subpoena. diving birds.] 1. A. lamellirostral natatorial
Ducnet, a. and n. An obsolete form of Dutch. bird of the family Anatidw and subfamily Ana-
duchess (duch'es), re. [Formerly also dutchess; tinee or FuliguUnce (which see). The technical dis-
Ducat of Ladislaus Postumus, Kinf of Hungary, A- D. 1453- 1457. tinction between any duck and other birds of the same fam-
British Museum. (Size of tile original.) < ME.duchesse, duches (also dukes, i. e., dukess),
ily, as geese and mergansers, is not clear but a duck may
< OF. duchesse, F.. duchesse Pr. duquessa = = usually be recognized by the broad and flat bill, short
;

century, by the Norman duke Koger II. In 1283 a gold

ducat was struck in Venice, but the piece was afterward
called a zeccAino (sequin), the ducat becoming only a money
of account. (See def. 2.) The earliest gold coins of Ger-
many seem to have been called ducats, and this name was
applied to German gold coins of the sixteenth and seven-
teenth centuries. Gold coins called ducats were also is-
sued in the Netherlands, in Hungary, and elsewhere. ITie
value of the ducat varied but little, the coin usually con-
tahiing from 3.42 to 3.44 grams of fine gold, worth from
$2.27 to ¥2.32.
If every du^at in six thousand ducata
Were in six parts, and every part a ducat,
I would not draw them. Shak., M. of v., iv.
Take you a ducket, or your chequin of gold, and apply
to the place affected. Ji. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1. 2.
After It grew tributary to the Tiirke
erned and possessed by the Genoese, who paid for their
immunities the Annuall sum of fourteen thousand duck-
aU.
Sandys, Travailes, p. 11,
2. An old money of account in the Venetian
duchy (dueh'i), n. pi. duchies (-iz). [Also for-
republic.
Now whereas the Venetian d^ickat is much spoken of,
Sp. duquesa =
Pg. duqueza =
It. duehessa,^. ML. legs, scutellate tarsi, and entirely feathered head. The
dueissa (the orig. hard sound of c being retain- common wild duck or mallard is Anas boscas, the feral
stock of the domestic duck. The species of ducks are
ed in Rom., after the masc. form), fem. of dux numerous, about 125, divided into some 40 modern genera,
(due-), > OF. due, etc., E. duke: see duke^.'] 1. and found in nearly all parts of the world. Most ducks
The consort or widow of a duke, or a woman fall in one or the other of two series, fresh-water ducks or
river-ducks, Anatince, and salt-water ducks or sea-ducks,
who holds the sovereignty or titles of a duchy.
Fuligidince; and from the latter a few are sometimes
Ich am hus dere douheter, duchesse of heuene. detached to form a third subfamily, Krismaturince ; but
Piers Plowman (C), iii. 33. the implied distinction in habits by no means holds good,
The dictionarydefinition is far from being exhaustive, since some or any river-ducks may be found in salt wa-
since, obviously, where so created, or where the terms of ter, and few if any sea-ducks are entirely maritime. The
the patent so run, a duchess may be duchess in her own mallard and closely related species now form the restrict-
1. right. There is no antinomy to resolve in the case of a ed genus Anas. Teal are small ducks, chielly of the ge-
princess being also a duchess. JV. and Q., 7th ser., IV. 229, nus Querquedula ; Q. circia is ihe garganey. The widgeons
form the genus 3/ (Treca ; thegadwalls, Chaidflas7nus; the
A
variety of roofing-slate two feet long and spoonbills, Spatula ; the pintails or sprigtails, Dajila. Cer-
one foot wide. 3.
; yet was it part of ladies' head-dress
gov- — A tain arboreal ducks of various parts of the world consti-
in the seventeenth century, apparently a knot tute the genus Detidrocygna. The muscovy duck or musk-
duck is Cairirta moschata. The celebrated mandarin-
of ribbon.
duck of China and the wood-duck or summer duck of the
; United States are two species of the genus Aix, A. galeri-
merly dutchy ; < ME. duchie, duchee, duehe, < cnlata and A. sponsa. Sheldrakes or burrow-ducks are
OF. duchee, duehet, f., F. ducM, m., Pr. ducat = of the genus Casarca or Tadoma. A number of sea-ducks

you must consider that this word duckat doth not signifie
Sp. Pg. dueado —
It. dttcato, < ML. dueatus, = with black or red heads are placed in ifenera variously
named Fuliimla, Fulix, Aithitia, \proca, etc.; such are
any one certaine coyne but many severall liieces do con- a duchy, territory of a duke, L. dueatus, military
; the scaups and pochards, the canvashack, and others. The
cnrre to make one duckat. Coryat, Crudities, II, en. leadership, command, < dux (due-), a leader, buflleheads, goldeueyes, and whistlewings belong to a ge-
 — —
; ;

duck 1789 ducking

DOS variously called Clafu;iUa, Giaucion, and Bueephala. the mallard. — Round-crested duck, the hooded mergan-
The harle«|iiiii duck is HistrionieushistrionicusoT H. minn- ser. —
Ruddy duck, the most general name of Erismatura
(u*. Tlic idd-wife or long-tailed duck is Harelda glacialis. rubida : so called fiom the i)rev;iiling reddish color of the
The I^ibmdor duck, Camptolamus labradoriu^, is notable adult male, first by A. Wilson, lsl4. It has many popu-
as beiuL; prolmidy on the point of extinction; it is a near lar and more or less local names in the United States, de-
relative of the steamer-duck of South America, Microp- rived from some peculi.arity of its aspect or habits.— St.
terug cinereus. Eiders are large sea-ducks of the genus Cuthbert's duck. See Cuthbert due*.- Scale-duck, the
So)iifiuria and some related genera. Scoters and surf- red-hreiisted merganser. (Strangford Lough.] Scotch —
ducks, also called sea-coota, are large black sea-ducks of duck^ the bulHe. Also called Scotchynan. Scotch dip-
the ;;enus (Edemia and its subdirisious. The ruddy ducks per, Scotch teal. G. Trumbull. (North Carolina, U. S.] —
belunp to the genus ErUmatura, and some related gen- Scoter duck. See «co<er.— Sharp-tailed duck, the
era. Kishiug-ducks, so called^ are not properly ducks, but long-tailed duck. Eev. C. Swain-mn. (Orkney and Shet-
mergansers (MerffiiuB). land.]— Shoal-duck, the American eider. (New Eng-
land.]— Sleepy duck, the ruddy duck.— Sleigh-bell
The duck and mallard first, the falconers only sport. duck, the .•Vmericanidack scoter. G. Trumbull. [lUiiigeley
Drayton^ Polyolbion, xxv. lakes, Maine, l'. s. —
Smoklng-duck, the Americtm wid-
]

2. The female duck, as distinguished from the geon. [Fur countries.) —

Squam-duck, the American
eider: so called from a locality in Loni; Island, New York.
male, or drake (which see). 3. Some -web- — Giraud, 1844. —
Squaw-duck, the American eider: a mis-
footed bird likened to or mistaken for a duck: print for Kiiuain-iiuck. l)e Kay, lh44; Trumbull, 1SS8.
as, the cobbler's-awl duck (that is, the avoset). —
Stock-duck, the mallard. Suinmer duck, a duck which
summers or breeds in a given place or region. Specifical- Duckbill, or Duck-billed Platypus [UrmtHoynym-nus faradoxus'^
4. One of the stones used in playing the game ly— (o) The wood-duck (which see). See Aix. [U.S.] (6)
of duck on drake Acom-duclL the summer duck
orwmxl-duck, Aix spimsa. [Maryland, Carolina, U. S.J — — The garganey or summer teal, Querquedu2a eircia. [Eng.j
8OTf-du<i, a sea-duck of the genus (Edemia; a sco-
under speculum), — 3. [In allusion to the shape
American scaup dude, a variety of the common scaup ter ; a sea-coot : specifically, (E. perspieiUata, inhabiting
of the toe.] A broad-toed shoe of the fifteenth
I*t'citli:ir to Xm^ncti^AithyitimaTilanearctica. — Blmacu- North America at large, especially coastwise, the male of century.
lated duck. See bimnrulate.—'Biaxik duck, (a) Tlie which is black with a white patch on the nape and an- duck-billed (duk'bild), a. Having a bill like a
dusky duck. (6) Tlie vt-lvct scoter, (c) The surf-scoter. other on the poll, iuid the bill pinkish-white, orange, and duck's, as that of the Orjiithorhyjichtts.—'Dxitk-
(l>ocal, U. S.J— Black En^rlish duck, the dusky duck. black.— Swallow-tailed duck, the long-tailed duck.
billed cat, the tlsh Polyodon spatvla, or pad^lle-fish. Also
[.^'luthcm r. S.] — Blaten duck, the gudwall — that is, Siraingtiii and J:irhnrth"ii, lfe31. (Hudson's bay.] TO — called gpoon-billed crt(.— Duck-biUed speculum. See
the l.Litant or Ideating duck. |Ncw.lci->sc.\, I'.S.] — Bom- make or play tat) duck and drake, to make or play spemhiiii.
bay duck. See hmnnuil'i
See frraA- — Rrahmin y riiirV ducks and drakes. (« ) To cast or shy a flat stone, a piece
m ,ni/. - BufTalo-headed, buffel-betul, buffel's-head, or of slate, etc., along the surface of water so as to cause it ducket (duk'^r), n. [=E. dial, doukcr, douckeVj
buffle-headed duck, ^ame as ftujXei, 2.— Butter-duck. to strike and rebound rejH'atedly. < ME. doukere^ a ducker, a bird so called, =
(n) TliL- liUtterl.Hll. (lieon-'ia, V. S.J (fc) The ruddy duck.
watered slates are best to make
-^liat B. dtiiker = OHG. tuhhari, MHG. tucker, G.
lVir;;iiiiii, I. s.j Cayuga duck, a large black vaiiety of — On watery surface duck-and^rake. taucher =
Dan. dukker, a diver (bird), dykker,
the domestic duck. It hiis \teen recently introduced into
Euiihitid.— Channel-duck, the velvet scoter. Sharvtegg,
S. Butler, Hudibras. a plunder, =
Sw. dykarcy a diver.] 1, One
;-:«. iihcsapciike itiy, I. s. - Cobbler's-awl duck. ]
Duek and Drake is a very silly pastime, though inferior who ducks a plunger or
; diver.
--e c(y>W'-r I. —
Cock- robin duck, tlie h'H-ded merganser. to few in point of aiitif)uity, . . and was anciently.
They haue Oysters, in which the Pearles are found,
New Jersey, I'. S.] —Conjuring duck, the buffle or played with flat shells, testulam inarinani, which the hoys
which are fished for by Uuckers, that diue into the water,
npirit-duck ; al-so, the goldeiieyu or whistlewing: from threw into the water, and he whose shell rebounded most
liefore it finally sunk was the
at least ten, twenty, or tliirty fathom.
their quickneiss in diviuu'. Sir J. Richardaon. (British fretjuently from the surface
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 505.
America.] —
Creek-duck, the gadwall. G. Trumbull. [At- conqueror. Strutt, Sports and Tastimes, p. 494.
2. A cringer a fawner.
lantic coa-st, r. s.j Created wood-duck, the wood- — Hence — (6) To handle or use a thing recklessly scatter
;

duck. H^l/ctiap, 17»4. [New- Haniiishire, l". S.J Crow — sqmiudcr ; throw into confusion with with or
;

of.
No, dainty duckers,
duck, .''ee i'uiica.— Cuthbert duck, or St Cutb-
:
I'p with your three pil'd spirits, yotn- wrought valours.
bert's duck, the cummuu eider, Somotoria fnUliuiina, He(the unscientific etymrdogist] has now added to his Beau, and FL, Philaster, iv. 1.
— Daub-duck, the ruddy duck, Erimatura rubida. G. marvellous capacity for philological blundering the power
3. A bird that ducks or dives; specifically, the
Traiuhull. [Rangeley lakes, Maine, U.8.1— Deaf-duck. of wandering into the flelcl of comparative philology and
.Same as daui-duec. [Michi^n, U. S.] Buck on drake, — of there playing duckt and drakeg with the Aryan roots European dipper, Cinclus aquaticus. MacgilH-
a game In which one player places upon a large stone (the and their permutations. y.andQ.,7lh ser., III. 312. vraxf, [Local, British.]
drake) a small stone (the ditck), which the other players My fortune is nae Inheritance —
a' mine ain acquisition
duckery (diik'^r-i), «. ;
pi. duckeries (-iz). [<
try to knock off with their ducks and return to the pitch- — I can make duckg and drakeg qf It. So don't provoke ducU^ T -cry,'] A place for breeding ducks.
ing-Une without liaWng been touched. If the player me. U. Mackenzie, Man of the World, iv. 1.
whose duck is on the drake succeeds in touching one of the Every city and village has fish ponds and dtickeries.
other players while his duck is In his hand, the latter takes Tree-duck, (a) Any dnck of the genus Dendrocyrma ISouthom China.] i'. S. Cmu. Jtep., No. Iv. (1885), p. 583.
his place, and tlie game continues as before. — (which seeX (6) The wood-duck or summer duck, which
DuclalT An obsolete spelling of ducat.
breeds In trees, (c) The hooded merganser so called from : ducket^, «.
duck, a French variety of the domestic duck, the result
of crossing white and colored varieties. Dumpllng- — breeding in trees, R, Ridgway. (Indiana, Illinois, l^ S.] ducket-, «. A corruption of dowcotc^ variant of
duck. Same as dault^aek. [(Jeorgia, l'. S. Dunter — — Tufted duck, the ring-necked scaup, Aith;/ia coUarig dovtc'ifr.BrockcU.
or PuUguta rujUortjueg. A. IFi'fsim.— Velvet duck, the
j

duck. See dunter.— Dntkr and spotted duck, the duck-hawk (duk'h^k), n, 1. In England, the
harlequin duck. O. Bdwardt, 1747.— Dusky duck, .l"""
velvet or white-wingedacoter. Seenroter. Wheat-duck, —
the American widgeon. D.Crary. |iires.'on,l-. s.j Whls- — moor-buzzard or marsh-harrier, Circus ctrugi-
obteura, a large duck closely related to the uialluni. <if va-
ried dnrk coloration, with white under the wings and pur-
-
tle-dnck. See »rti»«f«rin</.— -Whistling duck or coot,
the American black scoter.— White-faced duck or teal,
nosus. —
2. In the United States, the great-foot-
l>li :>-cnlum, abundant along the eastern coast of
the blue-winged teaL See f«if. —White- winged surf-
ed hawk or peregrine falcon, FaJco peregrinuSf
ites, and highly esteemed for food. Avariety
t
duck, the velvet scoter. See «cor<T.— Wild duck, specifi- var. anatum : so called from its habitually prey-
T' iorida Is Anas obteura fulviffuia, — Bngl1«h
duck O.Trumbull. [Local, southern
iiiiillard.
cally, the mallard.— Winter duck, the lung. tailed duck. ing upon ducks, it is very closely related to and not
til
— Fall duck, the American redhead or pochard. School-
».[ T'.
(I'. S.l —
Wood duck. See urofKl duck. specifically distinct from the peregrine falcon of the old
crnft, Isxi; Tuinrr, 1830.— Fan-CreSted dUClC, the hood- dnck* (duk), [Prob. a familiar use of duck^,
«. world. It la a bird of great strength and spirit, a true
I Barto»,l799.— Fish- or llslllng-duck,a like dorr, c/iiVA-1 =zchurk'^, mouse, lamb, F.poide, falcon, little in-
'1 mergansers, from their food or haltits.— ferior to the ger-
v and other zoOlogit-al terms of endearment but ;
falcon in size,
Seojlocin'ii^-/owi.— Fool-duck, the ruddy
I'i
dii ^ I, ,firurarubida. O.TruinbuiL [Michigan, U. .S.J pf. Dan. dukke =
Sw. docka =
East Fries, dokke, and about as
—French duck, the mallard. JLoulsiaDa, U. S.]— Oer- dok =
O. docke, etc., a doll, puppet: see dock^. large as the lan-
manduck,tbegadwalL Alsocalled WeUharake. Oiraud, Cf. also doxy.] A
sweetheart; a darling: a ner or prairie-
\rA4. [.NewJersey, U.S.) Cbray duck, (a) Properly, the — word of endearment, fondness, or admiration.
falcon.
male, which
The fe-
grayoraadwall, .kmustrepenior ChauUlarmug ttreperut, is
(h) The female mallard, (e) The female pintalL [Local, It is sometimes also applied to things: as, a larger than the
r. S. -Harle duck, .^amu as Aarfi;. JUv. C. Sufainton,
I
duck of a bonnet. [Colloq.] male, ia 17 to 19
\-.<,. [iirkiiey isliii. Is.] -Harlequin duck. See Aarfa- inches long and
Will you buy any tape
7><i/i.— Heavy-tailed duck, the ruddy duck. Also about 45 In ex-
(h- lace for your cape.
cilled britUetaU, pinlaU, quOUaa, ttiektaO, tti/taa, tent of wings.
My dainty duck, my dear-aT In both sexes,
iii»e(aU, etc, in reference to the pecnllar tail-fealhei*. Shak., W. T., It. S (song).
sharpUn. 183a [Chesapeake Bay, U. & ] BcnUd dnck: — when adult, the
the herald, a merganser. [Shetland Mea.) — Isle* of Prithee goc In (my duck) lie bnt speak to 'em. ; upper parts are
Sboals dnd^ the American elder.— labrador duck, And return instantly. FUteher, Spanish (Torate, 11. 2. slaty-blue or
f' f^ymius labradoriuM, a species of sea-duck of the dark-bluish ash,
duck-* (duk), Ji. [< D. doek, linen cloth, a towel,
'

Lame darker on the

I last of .Vorth
— Little
America. See
black and white duck, the
<lef. 1 .

light canvas, =
MLG. dok OHG. tuoh, = MHG. head, the sides
(1

I
I'.
I'.'iicardg, 1747. — Little brown duck, the tuoch, G. tuch, cloth, =
Icel. duk-r, any cloth or of which have
I .il C<K«6y,173l.— IaOIlK-taileddUCk,//<ir'U<>
tj II!! . te.xture, a table-cloth, a towel, Sw. duk Dan. = = a characteristic
curved black
''tcialU iiv Ctanffula hyenuUis. See hareLl and Ilarelda.
Maiden duck, the shoveler. Bev. C. Siraiwon. [Wex-
dug, cloth.] 1. A
strong linen fabric simply stripe; the un-
woven without twill, lighter than canvas, and
Kandarin-dael^ a beantUul kind of
I
— der parts are
used for small sails, sails for pleasure-boats, and
I

Heuiata, baring a pnrple, gnen, white, and whitL'ih or Imff,

variously spot-
i:.'e,andavarle<lgreenanapiirplecrest. It for men's wear. Duck is usually whit« or un-
ted or barred
and is regarded In that empire as an
'
bleached, but is sometimes made in plain col- with blackish Duck-hawk {Falco fere£Tinus,\ax. anatum).
iHecUoiL It Is a near relative of the
k or wood-duck of the United .States,
I'
ors. —
2. A cotton fabric sometimes considered the wings and tail are also spotted or barred the bill is ;

Hire-, mow-, or mulr-duck, the mallard. the second grade, for strength and durability, blue-black; the cere and feet are yellow. The duck-hawk
' •»». (Loosl, Eng.l Moimtaln duck, the — after double-warp (which see, under warp). —
is widely but irregularly distributed throughout North
I r.f.Riekardmji. (Ilud.^m s l»ay.] Mussel- — Russia duck, a white linen canvas of fine quality. America; it nests indifferently on trees, cliffs, or the
ground, and usually lays 3 or 4 heavily colored e^rs.
duck, til A merican scaup. O. Trumbull. [Shinnecock
l.in. .\. w —
V .rk, U. S.) Noisy duck, the long-Uilcd duck. dnck-ant (duk'&nt), n. In Jamaica, a species ducking^ (duk'ing), «. [Verbal n. of duck\ v.]
» —Painted duck, (o) The Chinese man- of Tcrmci or white ant, whieh, according to P.
./ / I " '.'
1. The act of plunging or the being plimged
rieulata. (6) The harletiuin. |Hiid< H. Gosse, constructs its nest on the branches into water: as, to get a ducking.
iiln-dnck. a variety of the domestic or trunlcH of trees, where clusters of them may
attitude.- Fbeasant-dnck. u itserect At length, on the 18th of September, we crossed the line
\>\iiViil, Oafilaaeuta, Also called sea-vA«a«a7U and
be seen forming large, black, round masses, in the longitude of 8° west; after which the ceremony of
IfAuant. A related nedea is technically known often as liii; as a lingshead. duekirur, Ac., generally practised on this occasion, was not
'nurophagiana. [Local, U.S.] (b) The hooded mer-
'
duckatt, dnckatoont. Obsolete forms of ducat, omitted. CooAr, Voyages, III. iL 1.
Jaiiier. Also called ?flfl(rr-pA*a«iiil. Lawmm.VIQO. [New iluraionn. 2. The act of bowing stiffly or awkwardly.
ersey, (J. S.j Pled dudC, the Labrador duck. Camp- — duckbill (duk'bil), B. 1. The duck-billed pla-
tni^Kmug labrn^l''r:n^. — Pled gray duck, tlie male pintAil. For my kneeling down at my entrance, to begin with
O.Trumbull. New Y.irk. r.S.) — Puddle-
1,
tyjius, Ornithnrhifnchus paradoxus, a monotre- prayer, and after to proceed with reverence, I did bnt my
dttCk, the co^ duck, of no slHN-inl l.reed. —
I.- matous oviparous mammal of Australia, hav- duty in that let hint scolfingly call it cringing or duck- ;

SaAdnck. -' Red-headed duck. scer«r(-

ing a homy beak like a duck's, whence the ing, or what he pleases. State Trialu, Abp. Laud, an. 1640.
Aeoci.— Bing-neckedduck. seerinffn^c*.— Eock-duck,
— name. Also duck-mole. 8ce Ornithorhynchus. ducking^ (duk'ing), n. [< duck'^ -ing^,"] The +
the harlequin duck. Jti-rJ. II. Lanffille. (Nova Scotia.
Bonen dock, a large variety of domestic duck, colored like
I

— 2. Same as duck-billed speculum (which gee, sport of shooting wild ducks.

 1790 ductor
ducking
dueere, pp. ductus, lead, lymphatic duct, conveying the great mass of lymph and
For water service of any kind, and especially for duck- con(iu»<l, douche), <
chyle directly into the venous circulation so called from :

ing, he (the Chesapeake Bay dog] is the dog par excel- conduct, draw, bring forward, etc. (in a great itscourse tlirough the cavity of the thorax. In man this
ienee. Sportsinnn's Gazetteer, p. 424.
variety of uses), =
Goth, tiuhan OHG. ziohan, = duct is from 15 to 18 inches long it begins opposite the
;

ducking-gun (duk'ing-gun), «. A very heavy MHG. G. Ziehen =

fowling-piece used for shooting ducks, and usu-
ally mounted upon a fixture in a punt or skiff.
ducking-sink (duk'ing-singk), n. boat used
iu hunting ducks and other water-fowl.
stool or
ducking-stool (duk'ing-stol), )!.
chair in which common scolds were formerly
tied and plunged into water. They were of differ-
ent forms, uut that most commonly in use consisted of
an upright post and a traosvefse pivoted beam on whicli
AS. teon, draw, > ult. E.
tow, fug: see toic^, tug, tuck'-, etc. The L.
dueere is the ult. source of very many E. words,
A as abduce, adduce, conduce, deduce, educe, in-
duce, introduee, produce, reduce, seduce, traduce,
A 3 coats, and is provided with valves. Its caliber varies
abduct, conduct, etc., conduif-, conduit^, aque-
duct, viaduct, etc., cndue^, subdue, etc., educate,
etc., ductile, etc., dulce, doge, ducat, duchy, etc.]
It. Leading; guidance; direction; bearing.
According to the dtict of this hypothesis.
Glanville, Pre-existence of Souls, p. 146.
second lumbar vertebra, by a dilated sac or cyst (the
receptaculum chyli or cistern of Pecquet), and runs up to
the root of the neck, alongside the vertebral column, pass-
ing through the aortic orifice of the diaphragm. It ends
in the venous system at or near the junction of the left
internal jugular and subclavian veins. It is composed of
between that of a crow-(|uill and of a goose-quill.— Whar-
ton's or Whartonlan duct (ductus Whartoni; named
for Tllumas W harton, an Englisli physician, author of
"Adenographia," lC5Ci), the duct of the submaxillary
gland, conveying saliva into the mouth, about 2 inches
long, opening on a papilla at the side of the frenum lin-
gua;, or bridle of the tongue,— Wolflan duot. See ductus

Any tubebe or canal by which a fluid is con-

ducted or convi
of the vessels TaSil iXn^tL-l.\tl3!'chyTe:
. .
-
lymph, secretions, etc., are conveyed. See ductus.
The
•

ducts began
little
•
^li'Se Tdtfk'tilbl),
"If- ^abim, W*«U- °'
'Ti'
see rf«c«.] Capable of bemg
[Rare.]
drawn out; ductile.
<
a. [< L. as if ^ductibilis

^
To feed thy bones with lime, and ran The purest gold is most ductible.
Their course, thou wert also man.
till Feltham, Resolves, ii. 2. .

Tennyson, Two Voices.

form- ductile (duk'til), a. [= F. ductile Sp. ductil = =
(1) A long continuous vessel or canal,
(b) In bot.:

ed by a row of cells which have lost their intervening

Pg. ductil =
It. duttile, < L. ductilis, that may be

Eartitions. Tiie walls are variously marked by pits and led, extended, or hammered out thin, < ductus,
y spiral, annular, or reticulated thickenings, and the pp. of dwcere, lead : see duct.'] 1. Susceptible
cavity may be filled with air or water, or they may be of being led or drawn ; tractable; complying;
Duclcing-stool. lactiferous. (2) In bryology, the narrow continuous cells
whicli surround tlie utricle's in tlie leaves of Spltagnum.— yielding to persuasion or instruction: as, the
the seat was fitted or from which it was suspended liy a Aberrant duct of the testis. See aterrane.- Acous- ductile mind of youth ; a ductile people.
chain. The ducking-stool is mentioned in the Doomsday tic duct. See acoustic and a udifori/.— Annular duct. The sinful wretch has by her arts defiled
survey ; it was extensively in use throughout Great Brit- See awmiiar.- Archinephrlc duct, the duct of the ar- The ductile spirit of iny darling child.
ain from tlie fifteenth till tlie beginning of tlie eigliteenth chinephron, or primitive kidney.— Arterial duct, audi- Crabbe, Works, IV. 139.
century, and in one rare case at least— at Leominster
— tory duct, branchial duct. See tlie adjectives.— Bili-
ary duct, one of the raniilied systems of ducts which col- Says he, " while his mind's ductile and plastic,
was used as recently as 1809. See cucking-stool. Also
lect tlie bile from tlie liver and by their union form the I'll place him at Dotheboys Hall,
called castigatory-
hepatic duct.— Cystic duct, the duct of the gall-bladder Where he'll learn all that's new and gj-mnastic."
If he be not fain before he dies to eat acorns, let me directly as m Bartiam, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 166.
mouth be made a
my conveying bile into the intestine, cither or,
live with nothing but pollerd, and "
man, by uniting with the hepatic duct in a ductus com- The overwhelming popularity of " Guzman de Alfarache
ducking-atool for every scold. one
Miseries of Inforst Marriage, ui.
.
munis choledochus.— Duct or canal of Bartholin, rendered this form of fiction sp generally welcome in
.
G- Wilkins, . .

of the ducts of the sublingual gland, running alongside of Spain that it made its way into the ductile drama.
dnckins (duk'inz), [Origin obscure.]
n. A Wharton's duct, and opening into it or close to its orifice
Gaertnman
Ticknor, Span. Lit., III. 106.
mouth.— Duct of Gartner. Same as
name in Berwick, England, of the sea-stickle- into the 2. Flexible; pliable.
canaHwhichsee,undercr(/(ail).— Duct or canal of Muller
hack, Si)inachia vulgaris. (ductus Muclleri), tlie iiriiiiitive oviduct, or passage in the The and leaves of radiant gold.
ductile rind
[A dial, transposition of Dryden, ^neid.
duckish (duk'ish), n. female from the ovary to the exterior, which sulisequently
ditsk.'] Dusk. Ualliwell. [Prov. Eng.] becomes converted, as in mammals, into the Fallopian The toughest and most knotty parts of language became
Having short tube, uterus, etc. One Miillerian duct may be obliterated, ductile at his touch. Macaulay, Dryden,
duck-legged (duk'leg"ed), a.
or botli may persist, in different animals or the two may
;

legs, like a duck. be united in one in most of their extent, giving rise to 3. Capable of being dra-wn out into -wire or
Dmh-h'rig'd, short-waisted, such a dwarf she is, a single uterus and vagina with a pair of Fallopian tubes. threads : as, gold is the most ductile of the
That slie must rise on tiptoes for a kiss. —Duct or canal of Wharton. See Wharton's duct, be-
metals.
Dryden, tr. of Juvenal's Satires, vi. low.— Duct or canal of Wirsung. See pancreatic duet. tensile, as metals, that will be
— Ducts or canals of Rivinus (ductus Riviniam), those All bodies, ductile and
duckling (duk'ling), 11. [< ME. dokelyng, dooke- ducts of the sulilingual gland which open apart from one drawn into wires. Bacon.
lyiige; <duck^ + dim. -ling'':] A young duck. another and from Wharton's duct.— Ducts or canals Of J„p*npl v fduk'til-li).
tAu^^^^^j \ '? adv. In a
ductile manner.
Stenaon, the communication of Jacobson's bson's organ witli the
I must have my capons Imp. Diet.
And turkeys brought me with my green geese buccal cavity.— Efferent duct. Same as deferent canal
n. The quality of be-
in,
And ducklings th' season. (which see, under ((cA'/rnO—EJaculatory duct orcanal. ductileness (duk'til-nes),
i'
, „ .. .
See ductus ejaculalorius, under ductus.- Galactopho- capability of recei-ving extension
Fletcher, Beggars Bush, i. 1. ing ductile ;

rouB duct, one of the lactiferous ducts of the mamillary by drawing; ductility. [Rare.]
So have
Young
I seen, within a pen,
ducklings foster'd by a hen.
—
gland which terminate in the nipple. Genito-urinary
I, when I value gold, may think upon
Swift, Progress of Marriage. duct. See the extract.
The ductileness, the application.
In the Urodela, the vasa eflerentia of each testis enter the Donne, Elegies, xviii.
duck-meat, duck's-meat (duk'-, duks'met), n. inner side of the corresponding kidney, and traverae it, ,. , ,. ^ r -ci j
The popular name of several species of Lemna leavingitsouterside to enter a f7e«ito-«rtjia)-!/di«;(, which ductilimcter (duk-ti-lim'e-ter), n. [= t . auc-
and Wolffia, natural order Lemnacece, plants lies on the outer side of the kidney, ends blindly in front, fin,^^ffg < L. ductilis, ductile, metrum, mea- -I-
and opens behind into the cloaciL^^_^^ j^^ instrument for showing with preci-
growing in ditches and shallow water, floating ^_^^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^-^
on the surface, and eaten by ducks and geese. conveying bile to the /'°i?. |.^.l'^^'=l!^i^L°!:?'f -
See Lemna. Also called duckweed.
Hepatlc duct, the duct of the liver,
"tfsthie, either directly or, as in man, by uniting with^the ductlllty
^^t-- * • duCtlUte-ii^.
(duk-tiU.-tl),_m.^^[= duetilite Sd F
duck-mole (duk'mol), n. Same as duckbill, 1. cystic duct to form the ductus communis choledochus. ductilidad Pg. ductilidade =
It. duttilita, < =
ITie dui-k-mole, on the other hand, lays two eggs at a It is formed in man of two main branches which issue as if *dtictilita(t-)s, < diictilis, ductile: see duc-
time, and does not carry them about, but deposits them
from the liver at the transverse fissure, one from the tile.} 1. That property of solid bodies, particu-
mole. right, the other from the left lobe, and unite in one trunk
in her nest, an underground burrow like that of the larly metals, which renders them capable of
Pop. Sci. Ho., XXVII. 666. before joining the cystic duct.
All the ducts from the liver being extended by drawing, with correlative
duckoyt, n. [See decoy, as decoy.
v."] Same and gall-bladder are sometimes diminution of their thickness or diameter, -with-
duck's-bill (duks'bil), n. In printing, a pro- known as biliarjj ducts, collec-
out any actual fracture or separation of parts.
tively.— Lactiferous duct.
jecting lip (0) of stiff paper or cardboard On this property the wire-drawing of metals depends. It
Same as galactophorous duct. Dr. 'Wollaston suc-
pasted on the tympan of a hand-press to sus- —Lymphatic duct. See is greatest in gold and least in lead.

tain and keep in place the sheet to be printed. lymphatic, n. —

Nasal duCt,
— Duck's-blU bit. SeeW(i.— Duok's-blllllmpet. See the membranous tube leading
limpet. from the lacrymal sac to open
duck's-egg (duks'eg), n. In cricket, the zero (0) into the inferior meatus of the
nose.— Obliterated duct.
which marks in the score the fact that a side See o!)(i(erate,— Pancreatic
or a player makes nothing; hence, a score of
duct, the duct of the pancre-
nothing: as, to win a duck's-egg. as, discharging the pancreatic
duck's-foot (duks'fut), n. In some parts of secretion into the intestine.
In man the principal pancre-
England, the lady's-mantle, Alehemilla vulgaris, atic duct is also called duct or
from the sliape of the leaf. The name is said canal of Wirsung. —Parotid
to be given in the United States to the May- duct. HsLTaeSia ductus Steyumis
apple, Podophyllum peltatum. (which see, under ductits).
archinephrio
Secondary
duck-shot (duk'shot), n. Large shot used for duct. See the extract.
ceeded in obtaining a wire of platinum only j^J,, of an
inch in diameter.
—
The order of ductility is Gold, Silver, Platinum, Iron,
Copper, Palladium, Aluminium, Zinc, Tin, I,ead.
A. Daniell, Prin. of Physics, p. 232.
2. Flexibility; adjustability; ready compli-
ance.
It is to this dwlUily of the laws that an Englishman
owes the freedom he enjoys.
Goldsmith, Citizen of the W orld, i.
In none of Dryden's works can be found passages more
— pathetic and magnificent, greater ductility and energy of
language, or a more pleasing and various music.
Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vii.

shooting wild ducks. In both sexes the products ductiont (duk'shon), n. [< L. ductio{n-), < duc-
duck's-meat, n. See duck-meat. escape by an app.ar,atus which ttis, pp. of dueere, lead: see duct.'] Leading;
duck-snipe (duk'snip), n. The semipalmated is homologous with the Miil- guidance.
tattler or willet, Symphemia semipalmata. Dr. lerian duct, consisting of a Human Thoracic Duct and
canal of varying length, and Azygous Veins. The but meanly wise and common ductions of bemisted
Ilenni lirmnt, 1859. [Bahamas.] nature. Feltham, Resolves, ii. 66.
provided with an infundibular a, receptacle of the chyle
duckweed (duk' wed), «. Same as duck-meat. orifice, which is attached to the *, trunk of the thoracic duct,
;

ductless (dukt'les), a. [< duct -t- -less.] Hav-

duck-weight (duk'wat), n. A
stone figure of a ureter (secondary archinepliric opening at c into root of left
innominate vein at junction of ing no duct: as. a ductless gland. The so-called
duct) ; this takes up the gene-
duck, used as a weight in ancient Assyria and /, left jugular, and f*. left sub- ductless glands of man are four — the spleen, thymus,
rative products.
Babylonia, it was usually inscribed with a legend, giv- clavian vein ; e, rignt innomi-
thyroid, and adrenal. The last is a pair, and the others
Gegenbaur, Comp. Anat. nate vein ; rf, d, d, several
ing the name of the king and the value of the weight in [(trans.), p. 610. thoracic and lumbar lymphatic
lynipnatK are single. See jriand.
., -r J , ,„„J /•

mina, as "30 manahs. Palace of Irba Merodach, King of glands; A.A.a shortportionof HuCtOT (duk tOr), «. [< L. dUCtOr, & ieauer, <>
See ductus
Babylon." Steno's duct.
under ductus. — Vein's nrn''?I?aiJ;uh''aXfo"^ duccrc, pp. ductus, lead : see duct.:] It. leader. A
Duclair duck. See duck^.
L., ductus; = OF.
Stcnonis,
Thoracic duct, the ductus each side of the duct, until 7'
jjrowne
(j,-_ —
2 An iiiking-roUer on a print-
duct (dukt), n. [Also, as thoracicns, the common trunk ;5'j!,1nr/%S'"The'lt';u?: ing-press which takes printing-ink from the
duit, doit, doet = Pg. ducto = It. dutto, < L. duc- of all the lymphatics, except- tures represented rest nearly
juk-fountain and oonducts it (whcncc the name)
tus, a leading, a conduifc-pipe (of. aqueduct, ing those which form the right upon tnc D&Cic*DOiic*
 ;

dnctor due
to the distributing-table and -rollers. Improp- TU woimdy
cold, sore. I dodder and shake like an The Archbishop of Canterbury, writing a Letter to
aspen leaf, every joint of me. him [Wolsey], subscribed Your Brother William of Can-
erlv called doctor bv many pressmen. Ford and Dekker. Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1. terbury he took it in great Dudgeon to be termed his
;

duc'tor-roller (duk'tor-ro'ler), n. Same as Brother. Baker, Chronicles, p. 285.

drop-roller. n. trans. To shock with noise; deafen; con-
I drink It to thee in dudgeon and hostility. .Scoe*.
fuse; confound; amaze. Halliwell. [Prov.Eng.]
ductule (duk'tul), n. [< KL. "ductulus, dim. of Confu-
Mrs, W. was in high dudgeon; her heels clattered on
little duct. dndder'- (dud'er), ». [< dudder\ t'.] A the red-tiled floor, and she whisked about the house like
L. ductus, a diict: see d«ct.]
sion ; amazement : as, all in a dudder (that is, a parched pea upon a drum-head.
[Rare.] Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 365.
quite confounded). Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.]
As the duetuUs grow longer and become branched, vas* Same as +
cnlar processes grow in between thera. dudder^ (dud'6r), n. [< dud -er.] dudgeou^t (duj'on), a. [Origin uncertain ME. ;

Foiter, Embryology, L vi. 18. .d«/^l,2.

_ , — doron, explained by L. degener, degenerate,
dudderies worthless, occurs in " Prompt. Parv." (p. 125) in
ducturet (duk'tur), n. [< ML. as if *ductura, duddery
(dud'6r-i), n. ; pi. (-iz).

< L. ductus, pp'.'oi dueere, lead: see duct and

du<l -crw.] place where duds or rags are + A the alphabetical place of and appar. intended
-«re.] Guidance;
direction. kept for sale. Gmt. Mag.; Grose. [Colloq. or for "dogon, *doion, but another manuscript has
open the soul, j_jj-{._. „ _. in the same place "doion, dogena" (p. 436),
Interest and design are a kind of force n,,j_ pnhi^nfnn SoT^nrvTia
FlUangton, bermons
btaring a man oftentimes besides the diKture of his native duddlest, M. pJ. ^D^ds. which seems to refer to dudgeon^, the hilt of a
propensities. South, Works, VIII. 1. (Parker Soc). [North. Eng.] dagger: see dudgeoii^.'] Eude; unpolished.
p\.ducttis. [L.: 8eed««<.] duddy^dud^i), ,, a. [Sc., also d«dd»e; ^ ^^^ "*"
^ By my troth, though I am plain and dudgeon,
ductus (duk'tu8),«.; , , .

In anat., any duct, tube, pipe, canal, or other -1^1.]' Ragged; tattered; having a disreputable I would not be an ass. Beau, and Ft., Captain, ii. 1.
conduit. (In technical use the Latin form is com-
appearance. dudgeon-daggert (duj'on-dag"fer), n. A dagger
monly pre8erve<l.]— Ductus ad nasum (duct to the Nae tawted tyke, though e'er sae duddxe, having an ornamental hilt of wood ; hence, a
nose), the nasal or lacrvmal duct, cinveyini; tears from But he wad stan't, as glad to see him.
one carried
till- ive ta the nrse. Ductus arteriosus. Same as — Bums, The Twa Dogs. dagger of any sort, but especially
r !/ duct (whiih see, under arterioQ.— DnctUB Bel- by a civilian, and not a weapon of war.
Their goods were contained in certain duddy pokes.
'I "

llnlani (duct ut Bellini), the excretory tubes of the kid- Carlyle, in Froude, I. 271. An his justice be as short as his memory,
! 1 . -Ductus BotalU (duct of Botalli), a ductus arteri- A dudgeon dagger will serve him to mow down sin withall.
;. trttwecii the fourth aortic arch and the nfth; in mam-
duddy (dud'i), «. ; pi. duddies (-iz) [Dim. of Beau, and Fl., Coxcomb, v. 1.
li-. the couiniiinicatiou which persists during fetal life j„w A little rnir
1 Mnrknu
ui.nthearchof theaortaand thepulmonar>arten\ J jJ,.A! ^ [A slang
(dud), n. r^',
, *•
term -a t have on- dudgeon-haftf (duj'on-haft), «. [Early mod.
to \.
passage, after birth, the duct whLh dudo said
ginated in London, hngland. It trst became E. also diidgiii hafte;< dudgeon^ + haft] The
on the ciosur^ of
ijcconies a tli)rou8 cord, the ligamentum Botalli. Tl)e
term is sometimes extended to the corresponding ductus known in general colloquial and newspaper use haft or liilt of a dagger ornamented with graven
arteri.«i of uthj^r primitive aortic arches. So uMied from ^ ^j^ ^j^ ^f ^y^g so-called " esthetic '^move- lines.
Lojuardo BoUlli. of I*iedraont, bom at- Asti about 1530, „„
and „„
dress „„j
m in laao
;„ a
.
„..„
who descrilwd it in IS&i. Ductus choledochus, -
a bile- — -
ment manners, loo^-S. The A dudgeon haft of a dagger, [F.] dague a roeUes.
term has no antecedent record, and is prob. Shxricood,
duct the common bile-duct. Also called iluHut eomiiiu-
nin choUdoehu$.
;

See choledoch. DuCtUB COChlearis, — merely one of the spontaneous products of pop- dudgeon-tree, «. [Sc. dugeon-tree ; < dudgeon^
til i,i..,ir (which see, under conai').— Ductus
i-anal
Cuvler),s short traasvetse venous trunk,
ular slang. There is no known way, even in + trcf.} Wood for staves. Jamieson. [Scotch.]
C .)f

!i side of a vertebrate embryo by the June-

slang etymology, of "deriN-ing" the term, in dudish (dii'dish), a. Like a dude.
t .'ir and posterior cardinal veins the primi- ; the sense used, from duds (formerly sometimes dudism (dfl'dizm), n. [< dude + -ism.'] The
>r superior vena cava, both of which may
t
spelled dudes : see dud), clothes, in the sense of dress, maimers, and social peculiarities of the
precaval veins, or, aa usual in higher I'rrte-
'fine clothes'; and the connection, though ap- class known as dudes.
I .

hi,!, may be more or less obliterated, when

.i.

A
'

I cava superior persists.— Ductus parently natural, is highly improbable.] fop I suppose it to be the efflorescence of that pseudo-res-
( ilat-jry duct), in both V'trteAroto and or exquisite, characterized by affected refine- theticism which has had other outcome in sun-flowers, and
1 , ...the duct conveying semen from the
. , . ..
ments of dress, speech, manners, and gait, and Dnde-igm, and crazy quilts, and crushed strawberry tints.
tt^sticies or auociate structures to the canal of the intro- D. (J. Mitchell, Bound Together.
niittent oncan. especially from the seminal vesicles to the a serious mien ; nence, by an easy extension,
,,r. ,i,r.. _
Dnctns endolymptiatlcns, a tubular process and with less of contempt, a man given to ex- Dudley limestone, trilobite. See limestone,
• ::inous labyrinth of the ear which passes cessive refinement of fashion in dress. trilohitc.
into the cranial cavity,
iu»ductus vestitiiili
There was one young man from the West, who would dudman (dud'man), n. ; pi. dudmen (-men). [<
t :

enlargement l>elow the dura

U..V..V.. .^....ukates in a blind
mater, the aacculus endolymphaticus. See lalmrinlh, and have been flattered with the appellation of dude, so at- dud + man.] A rag man, or a man made of
reeetaut veMibuli. uniler recetsus.
"^ /.'.,..w,..-,
DnctOS Qaertnerl.
^i (which see, under cauall).^
— tractive In the flt of his clothes, the manner in which he
walked and used his cane and his eyeglass, that Mr. King
rags that is, a scarecrow made of old gar- —
s
wanted very much to get him and bring him away in a ments.
Mackay. [Prov. Eng.]
r !S, a bile-duct in general; aduc-
cage. C. D. Warner, Tlieir Pilgrimage, p. 180. duel (dii), a. and n. [Early mod. E. also dew; <
• lit duct conveying the hepatic
Ductus nasolacrTinaUs, The elderly club dvde may lament the decay of the good ME. due, dewe, duuie, <
OF. deu, deut, m., dene,
I't the lacr>'mat sac ana f., mod. F. du, m., due, f. (pp. of devoir: see
t.
old code of honor. llarjiert Mag., LXVII. 632.
1,1 icutaneus, a duct which
'
-"•ri with tlic bran- The social dude who affect* English dress and the Eng- rf«r*r, devoir), = It.
debuto, < ML. as if "dehutus
horae fishes, as lish drawl. The American, VII. 151. for L. debitus, owed
(neut. debitum, fem. debita,
a thing due or owed, a debt), pp. of dehere (>
'.?^V^P,""TSny dudeen (du-den'), n. fOf Ir. origin.] Ashort It. devere =
P. deroir, etc.), owe : see debt."] I, a.
the tobacco-pipe ; a clay pipe with a stem only two
f
1. Owed payable as an obligation that may ;
\ fU»p- or three inches long. ;

-, lu- ..1 ...-..,, .,.1 i...-^.._- n .,i tKxly, be demancwd as a debt: as, the interest falls
It is not the descendant* of the " Mayflower," in short,
.4

Ductus Rlvinl or KlTlnlanl. the who are the representative Americans of the present day due next month.
hiih see, under (/i>W).— Ductus Bte- The penalty,
it is the Micks and the Fats, the Hanses and the Wilhelms,
'

the duct uf the parotid gland, con.

}.
redolent still of the dudetn and the sauerkraut barret
Which here appeareth due upon the bond.
le mouth : so called from the Danish Shak., M. of V., Iv. 1.
The Century, XXXV. 807.
"teno. of Copenhagen (1638-80)1 Also
Then there was Computation made, what was due to
Ductus thoradciu (thoracic dudeism (du'dizm), n See dudism. the King of Great Britain, and the Lady Elizabeth.
.; vessel of the body^ conveying
dudgeon' (duj'on),
"""6^"" I., and o.
v
[Early mod. E. Iloicell, Letters, I. vi. 6.
OS circulat on. See cat under i j o j " y \fv j
is vetiubua (venous duct), the communlcat- also dudgen, dudgtn, 8c. dugeon; < ME. dojoun, In another [inscription] there is a sort of table of the
fetus, between the inferior vena cava and dojon, dogon (as a noun see def. 3 and quot.) : fees or salaries due to the several officers who were em-
: vein, obliterate*! s*jon after birth. — Dnc- perhaps, through an unrecorded OF. 'dojon, ployed about the games.
Poeocke, Description of the East, II. 71.
tus viieuiuus, or ductus yltello-lntestlnaUs
i,r vii.-ll.» intestinal duct), in a vertelirate eml)r>o.
line
(vitel-
*dogon, dim. of OF. (and F.) douve Pr. Cat. = ii.

df>ga =
It. doga, dial, rfotvi (ML. doga), a stave 2. Owing by right of circumstances or condi-
the (-unitnuni<-ati-ii) between the primitive intestine and
the eavjty o( tlie yolk sac or nmbilieal vesicle. Duc- — (of a hogshead or other cask), < MD. dut/ghe, tion ; that ought to be given or rendered ; prop-
tus Wirsun^lanus, the duct of Wirsung. the principal D. duig =
MHO. duge, G. dauoe, a stave fur- ;
er to be conferred or devoted : as, to receive
pan-r-iiti. .iii.t, -Ductus Wolffll (Wolfflan duct), tlic one with due honor or courtesy.
t of tlie Wolffian bo«ly or primitive kidney,
'
ther origin unknown.] I. n. If. stave of a A
soon disappearing for the most part, In tlie barrel or cask. [Recorded only in the com- Do thou to euery man that is due,
As thou woldist he dide to thee.
j^ the pennanent va* deferens, or excretory pound dudgeon-tree: see def. 2 and dudgeon-
<i >>i 111- testicla.
<
-
(See also eano/l.)
MK tree.^ —
2. Wood for staves: same as dudgeon- We receive
Ilyinne to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. 8.), p. 63.

dud Mud), n. [<

C'loiik;
dudd, dudde, a coarse
said to be of Celtic origin. Cf. brat^.]
tree. Jamieson. [Scotch.] 3t. Some kind of — the due reward of our deeds. Luke xxiii. 41.
Hapless the lad whose mind such dreams invade,
wood having a mottled grain; or the wooden And win to verse the talents due to trade. Crabbe.
If. A coarse cloak or mantle. hilt of a dagger, ornamented with graven lines. With dirges diu in sad array.
(L) amphibilu* bimu.
X>t<dd<, clothe,
Slow through the churchyard path we saw him borne.
Prompt. Pan., p. U4. Bcnnyn [\. e., run, as lines interwoven] a* dojoun or
masere (maple see maur] or other lyke.
: Gray, Elegy.
Laetma «i( palUmitJlmbriatum, a conle, or a dudd* or Prompt. Part., p. 438.
3. According to requirement or need ; suitable
a govne. Prompt Parv., p. U4, note (Uarl. MS., Ko. 2257).
4f The hilt of a dagger. See dudge<m-haft. to the case ; determinate ; settled ; exact : as,
2t. rag. A — 3. pi. [Formerly also spelled
.

And on thy blade and dudoeon gout* of blood. he arrived in d^ie time or course.
dudes, as in Barman's "Caveat" (1567), where Shak., Macbeth, IL 1. Mony dayes he endurit, all in due pes.
theword erroneously set down as "pedlar's
is And had rest in his rewme right to his dethe.
French" —
that is, tlueves' cant.] Clothes;
6t. A See dudgeon-dagger.
dagger. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), L 13386.
especially, poor or ragged clothing; tatters:
n.t a. Ornamented with graven lines full ;
They cannot nor are not able to make any due proofe
of wavy lines ; curiously veined or mottled. of our letters of coquet. Haktuyte Voyaget, I. 211.
used in contempt. [Cofloq. or humorous.]
Now for the l)OX.tree seldome hath it any graine
: . . .
Last of all he was seen of me also, as of one born out of
I se warrant it was the tae half of her fee and bountith, damaake wise, and never but about the root, the
crisped dt«i time. 1 Cor. xv. 8.
for she wared (spent) the ither half on pinners and pearl- which is dud^n and full of wnrke.
lugs; . . , shell ware 't a' on du/i« and nonsense. To ask your patience.
UoUand, it. of Pliny, xvi. 16.
If too much zeal hath carried him aside
Scott, Old Mortality, xiv.
dudgeon^ (duj'on), n. [By apheresis from the From the dite path. B. Jongon, Alchemist, iii. 2.
Away I went to sea, with my duds tied in a han'kercher.
JTrs. Stoux, Oldtown, p. 84. form endugine, appar. < W. "endygen, < en-,
orig. 4. That is to be expected or looked for un- ;

At some windows hnng lace curtains, flannel duds at an enhancing prefljt, + dygen, malice, resent- der engagement as to time; promised as, the :

Home. a. W. Cable, Old Creole Days, p. 181. ment. Cf. dychan, a jeer, dygas, hatred, Com. train is due at noon he is due in New York to-
;

dudder^ (dud't-r), v. [Var. of dodder'^ and did- dur.han, duwhan, grief, sorrow.] A feeling of —
morrow. 6. Owing attributable, as to a cause
;

il'T, q. v.] I. intrans. To didder or dodder; offense; resentment; sullen anger; ill will; dis- or origin ; assignable followed by : to : as, the
shiver or tremble. cord. delay was due to an accident.
 — ;;;

dna 1792 duffer

lUi effect U due to the attraction of tbe sun and moon. duel (du'el), n. [= D. Dan. duel G. Sw. duell, = That dueness, that debt (as I may call it), that obliga-
J. D. Forbes.
In the mind of the savage every effect is believed to be
< F. duel, < It. duello Sp. duelo =
Pg. duello, = tion,which, according to the law of nature, in a way of
meetness and comeliness, it was fit for God as a creator to
< ML. duellum, lit. a combat between two, a deal with a creature. Goodwin, Works, I. ii. 199.
due to a special worker, because special workers have been
observed to precede effects in a multitude of instances. restored form of h. helium, OL. duellum, war
li. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 330. (see bellicose, etc.), < duo B. too.] 1. =
sin- A duenna (du-en'a), n. [Sp., formerly duenna,
That which is most characteristic of us [Americans] is gle combat : specifically, a premeditated and
now spelled dueka, vernacular form of dofta,
mistress, lady (fem. corresponding to masc.
unmistakably a political education due to English origin prearranged combat between two persons with
and English growth. StilU, Stud. Med. Hist., p. 191. duerlo, master, don, sir), < L. domina, mistress,
deadly weapons, and usually in the presence of
6. In laic Owing, irrespective of whether fem. of dominus, master: see dominus, doifl,
: (a) at least two witnesses, called seconds, for the
the time of payment has arrived: as, money donna, etc.] 1. The chief lady in waiting on
purpose of deciding a quarrel, avenging an in-
is said to be due to creditors although not sult, or clearing the honor of one of the com-
the (Jueen of Spain. —
2. An elderly woman
yet payable. (6) Presently payable; already holding a middle station between a governess
batants, or of some third party whose cause he
matured: as, a note is said to be diie on the champions. The origin of the modern practice of duel-
and a- companion, appointed to take charge of
third day of grace
sisting debt the time for
—
Due and payable, said of a sub-
payment of which has arrived.
ing was doubtless the judicial combat or wager of battle
resorted to in the middle ages as a means of settling dis-
the girls of a Spanish family.
How could I know so little of myself when I sent my
Due notice, due diligence, such as the law requires putes. The practice was formerly common, but has gener- duenna to forbid your coming more under my lattice ?
—
under tlie circumstances. Due process of law, in ally been suppressed by adverse public opinion in civilized
countries. In England and the United States dueling is
Sterne, Tristram Shandy, Slawkenbergius's Tale.
Amer. const, law, the due course of legal proceedings ac-
cording to those rules and foi-ms which have been estab- illegal, death resulting from this cause being regarded as 3. Any elderly woman who is employed to
lished for the protection of private rights. Constitutional murder, no matter how fair the combat nmy have been guard a younger; a governess; a chaperon.
provisions securing to citizens due process of law imply and the seconds are liable to severe punishment as acces- You are getting so very pretty that you absolutely need
judicial proceeding with opportunity to be heard, as dis- sories. DelitKrate dueling is where both parties meet a duenna. Hawthorne, Blithedale Romance, ix.
tinguished from a legislative act. They refer generally avowedly with intent to murder. In law the offense of
to those processes which the American law inherited from dueling consists in the invitation to fight ; and the crime duet (du-ef), n. [Also, as It., duetto; =: D. Dan.
the English common law, as part of the law of the land is complete on the delivery of a challenge. duet = G. Sw. duett = Sp. dueto = Pg. duetto, <
secured by M:igna Charta ; but they may include any new
form of legal proceeding devised and sanctioned by legis-
They then advanced to fight the duel
With swords of temper'd steel.
It.duetto, < duo, < L. duo =
E. two.] A musical
lative act, provided it be consonant with the recognized composition either for two voices or for two
Sir Hugh le Blond (Child's Ballads, III. 268).
general principles of lilwrty and justice. instruments, or for two performers on one in-
A certain Saracen challenged the stoutest Christian
H. n. 1. That which is owed ; that which is
of all thearmy to a duell.
. . .

Coryat, Crudities, I. 119.

strument, and either with or without accom-
required by an obligation of any kind, as by Modern war, with its innumerable rules, regulations,
paniment.
contract, by law, or by official, social, or reli- limitations and reflnementa, is the Duel of Nations. duetet, n. A Middle English form of duty.
gious relations, etc. a debt ; an obligation.
; Sumner, Cambridge, Aug. 27, 1846. duettino (do-et-te'no), M. [It., dim. of duetto,
And unto me addoom that is my dew. A duel is a fighting together of two persons, by previous duet.] A
short, unpretentious duet.
Spenser, F. Q., VII. vii. 66. consent, and with deadly weapons, to settle some antece- Ariettas and duettinos succeed each other.
I'll give thee thy due, thou hast paid all there. dent quarrel. 2 Bishop, Cr. L. (7th ed.), 313. Longfellow, Hyperion, p. 329.
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., i. 2. 2. Any fight or contest between two parties duetto (do-et'to), n. [It. : see duet.] A duet.
Measuring thy course, fair Stream at length I pay ! especially, a military contest between parties Scott, Monastery, xviii.
To my life's neighbour dues of neighbourhood. representing the same arm of the service. due volte (do'e Vai'te). [It. : due, fem. of duo,
Wordsworth, The River Eden, Cumberland.
< L. duo = E. two; volte, pi. of volta, turn: see
For I am but an earthly Muse, The Son of God,
And owning but a little art. Now entering his great dtiel, not of arms, vault, n.] Two
times; twice: a direction in
To lull with song an aching heart. But to vanquish by wisdom hellish wiles. musical compositions.
And render human love his dues. Milton, P. R., i. 174. duffl (duf), n. [Another form of dough (with/
Tennyson, In Memoriam, xxxvii. The long-range artillery duels so popular at one time < </A, as in draft =
draught, dwarf, etc.): see
Specifically —
2. Any toll, tribute, fee, or other
in the war. The Century, XXXVI. 104.
dough.] 1. Dough; paste of bread. [Prov.
legal exaction : as, custom-house dues; excise duel (du'el), V. ; pret. and pp^ dueled, duelled, Eng.] — 2. Naut., a stiff flour pudding boiled
dues. ppr. dueling, duelling. [= D. duelleren =
G. du- in a bag or cloth as, sailors' plum duff.
:

Men
that cleave the soil, clliren = Dan.
duellere = Sw. duellera ; from The crew . .are allowed [on Sunday] a pudding, or,
.

Sow the seed, and reap the harvest with enduring toil. the noun.] I. intrans. To engage in single as it is called, a duff. This is nothins; more than flour
Storing yearly little dues of wheat and wine and oil. boiled with water, and eaten with molasses.
Tennyson, The Lotos-Eaters (Choric Song).
combat ; fight a duel.
R. H. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 19.
With the king of France duelled he.
3. Right ; just title. Metrical Romances, ill. 297.
3. Vegetable growth covering forest-ground.
The key of this infernal pit by due [Local. U. S.]
I keep.
.

Milton, P. L.,
. .

ii. 860. II. trans. To meet and fight in a duel ; over-

This rfw^ (composed of rotten spruce-trees, cones, nee-
Easter dues. See Easter^.—Tor a full due (naut.), so
come or kill in a duel. dles, etc.) has the power of holding water almost equal to
that itneed not be done again. Wlio, single combatant, the sponge, and, when it is thoroughly dry, burn.s like
Duell'd their armies rank'd in proud array. punk, without a blaze. Pop. Sci. Mo., XIII. 289.
The stays and then the shrouds are set up for a full
due. Luce, Seamanship, p. 116. Himself an army. Milton, S. A., 1. 345. I have seen the smoke from fires in the duff even after
He must at length, poor man die dully of old age at the snow has fallen.
Sound dues, a toll or tribute levied by Denmark from !

Rep. of Forest Commission of State of New York, 1886,

an early date (it is mentioned as early as 1319) until 1857, home when here he might so fashionably and gentilely,
;

long before that time, have been duell'd or flux'd into an- [p. 102.
on merchant vessels passing through the Sound between
Denmark and Sweden. These dues were an important other world. South, Works, II. vi. 4. Fine coal.
source of revenue for Denmark they were sometimes par-
; The stage on which St. George duelled and killed the duff2 (duf), V. i. [Scotch.] In golf, to hit the
tially suspended, were regulated by various treaties, and dragon. Maundrelt. ground behind the ball.
continued until abolished for a compensation fixed by
treaties with the maritime nations. —
TO give the devU duelert, duellert (dii'el-6r), n. combatant Ouffar, n. Same Aas duffer^, duffart.
his due. See devil. in single fight ; a duelist. duffart (duf'art), «. and a. [Sc, also dowfart,
duel (dii), a«f». \(,due,a.'\ Directly; exactly: You may also see the hope and support of many a flour- doofart, < dowf, q. v., -art, -ard.] I. «. + A
only with reference to the points of the com- ishing family untimely cut off by a sword of a drunken dull, stupid fellow.
pass : as, a due east course. dueller, in vindication of something that he miscalls his II. a. Stupid ; dull ; spiritless.
honour. South, Works, VI. iii.
Due west it rises from this shrubby point. duff-day (duf 'da), n. The day on which duff is
Milton, Comus, 1. 306. dueling, duelling (du'el-ing), n. [Verbal n. of served on board ship; Sunday.
The Danube descends upon the Euxine in a long line duel, U.J The fighting of a duel ; the practice duffel, n. and a. See duffle.
running diie south. De Quincey, Herodotus. of fighting duels. duffer 1 (duf'^r), H. [Origin obscure.] 1. A
due^t, V. t. [Early mod. E. also dewe; < ME. duelist, duellist (du'el-ist), n. [= D. duellist, < peddler; specifically, one who sells women's
dtwn, by apheresis from enduen, endewen, en- F. duclliste Sp. duelista Pg. It. =
duellista ; as clothes. =
dowen: see endue'^, endow.'] To endue; endow. duel -ist.'] One who fights + single combat m
A cl.ass of persons termed '^duffers," "packmen," or
For Fraunces founded hem [religious orders] nougt to one who practises or promotes the practice of "Scotchmen," and sometimes " tallymen," traders who go
dueling. rounds with samples of goods, and take orders for goods
faren on that wise,
afterwards to be delivered, but who, carrying no goods for
Ne Domynik dued hem neuer swiche drynkers to worthe You imagine, perhaps, that a contempt fop your own life immediate sale, were not within the scope of the existing
[become], fiers Plowman's Credo (E. E. T. S.), 1. 776. gives you a right to take that of another ; but where, sir, charge, were in 1861 brought within the charge by special
This is the latest glory of thy praise, is the difference between a duellist who hazards a life of
enactment and rendered liabla. to duty. These duffers
That I, thy enemy, d!t« thee withal. no value, and the murderer who acts with greater security ? were numerous in Cornwall.
Shak., 1 Hen. VI., iv. 2. Goldsmith, Vicar. S. Dmeell, Hist. Taxation, HI. 38
due-bill (dti'bil), n. A
brief written acknow- duello (du-el'o), ». [< It. duello : see duel.'] 1. 2. hawker of cheap, flashy, and professedly A
ledgment of indebtedness, differing from a duel ; a single combat. A smuggled articles ; a hawker of sham jewelry.
promissory note in not being payable to or- This being well forc'd, and xn-g'd, may have the power [Eng. in both uses.]
der or transferable by mere indorsement. To move most gallants to take kicks in time.
And spurn out the duelloes out o' th' kingdom. duffer^ (duffer), «. [Appar. a var. of duffart,
due corde (do'e kor'de). [It. : due, fern, of duo, Fletcher (and another 1), Nice Valour, iii. 1. q. v.] stupid, dull, plodding person ; a fogy; A
< L. duo =
E. two; corde, pi. of corda, < L. a person who only seemingly discharges the
chorda, cord, chord: see chord.'i Two strings: 2. The art or practice of dueling, or the code functions of his position ; a dawdling, useless
in music, a direction to play the same note si- of laws which regulate it. character: as, the board consists entirely of
multaneously on two strings of any instrument The gentleman will, for his honour's sake, have one old
duffers.
of the violin class. bout with you he cannot by the duello avoid it.:

Shak., T. N., iii. 4. Duffers (if I may use a slang term which has now be-
due-distant (du'dis'tant), a. Situated at a come classical, and which has no exact equivalent in Eng-
suitable distance. [A nonce-word.] +
duelsome (du'el-sum), a. [< duel -some.'] In- lish proper) are generally methodical and old. Fosset cer-
clined or given to dueling ; eager or ready to tainly was a duffer. Hood.
A seat, soft spread with furry spoils, prepare ;

Due-distant, for us both to speak and hear. fight duels. [Rare.] "And do you get £800 for a small picture?" Mackenzie
Poj^e, Odyssey, xix. Incorrigibly ditelsome on his own account, he is for oth- asked severely. " Well, no," Johnny said, with a laugh,
" but then I am a duffer."
duefult (du'ful), a. [Formerly also dewful; < ers the most acute and peaceable counsellor in the world. W. Black, Princess of Thule, xxv.
Thackeray, Paris Sketch-Book,
duc^ + -ful.'i Pit ; becoming.
ii.

—
The snob, the cad, the prig, the duffer >lu Maurier has
But thee, Jove ! no equall Judge I deeme. due&a (do-a'nya), n. [Sp.] See duenna.
given us a thousand times the portrait of such specialties.
Of my desert, or of my dewfull Eight. dueness (du'nes), n. [< (fuel + -ness.] Fit- No one has done the duffer so well.
Spenser, F. Q., VII. vl. 35. ness; propriety; due quality. [Rare.] if. James, Jr., The Century, XXVI. 55.
 ;
:

dnffil 1798 dulcamon

duffilfi "• An
obsolete spelling of duffle. 2. A
shelter or rough kind of honse excavated Thr^ dayis in dub amang the dukii
He did with dirt him hyde.
duffing (dufing), n. In angling, the body of in the ground, or more generally in the face of
Bannatyne Poenu, p. 22.
an artilieial fly. a bluff or bank. Whole dtigouta are entirely exca-
duffle, duffel (dnf'l), n. and [< D. duffel
a. vated hal/ dugoutg are partly excavated and partly built
; dukedom (diik'dum), n.
[< duke^ -t- -dom.'] 1.
of logs. The latter kind ia frequently used in Montana for The
= Hi. (/«;?>/, a kind of coarse, thick, shaggy
dwellings the whole dugouts are chiefly built for storing
jurisdiction, territory, or possessions of a
wooleu cloth, = W. Flem. duffel, any shaggy duke.
;

the crops and other things and as a refuge from cyclones

cf. duffelen, wrap Is not a dukedom, sir, a goodly gift ?
material for wrapping up ; and tornadoes. (Western U. S.]
Shak., 3 Hen. VI., v. I.
up, < duffel, a bundle or bunch (of rags, hay, The small outlying camps are often tents or mere dug-
(Wedgwood). Usually referred to outa in the ground. T. RooatxxU, The Century, XXXV. 499.
Edward III. founded the dukedom of Cornwall as the
straw, etc.) perpetual dignity of the king's eldest son and heir appa-
Duffel, a town near Antwerp. ] I. n. 1 . A coarse People must resort to dug.out» and cellar caves. rent. Stubbs, Const. Hist., S 428.
woolen cloth having a thick nap or frieze, JouT. Franklin Inst., CXXI. 259.
2. The rank or quality of a duke.
generally knotted or tufted.
DugungUS, n. [NL. (Tiedmann), < dugong, q. dukeliug (duk'ling), n. [< duke^ + dim. -Hng.^
And let it be of duflt grey vTj A genus of sirenians: same as Halicore. A
petty, mean, insignificant, or mock duke.
As wwtn a cloak as man can sell.
Wordnmrth, Alice Fell. Also called Platystotnus. This dukelinff mushroom
They secured to one corporation the monopoly to con-
dug- way (dug'wa), n. way dug along a A
Hath doubtless charm'd the king.
precipitous place otherwise impassable ; a road Ford, Perkiii Warbeck, ii. 3.
tinue to introduce . trade guns, fishing and trapping
. .

gear, calico, duJU, and gewgaws. constructed for the passage of vehicles on the dukely (duk'li), a. [< duke^ + -ly^.l Becom-
W. Barrom, Oregon, p. 09. side of a very steep hill, along a bold river-
ing a duke. Southey.
2. Baggage; supplies; specifically, a sports- front, etc. [Western U. S.] dukery (du'kfer-i), n.; pi. dukeries (-iz). [<
man's or camper's outfit. dul-. [Accom. form of Skt. dvi (= E. tvi-), < dta duke^ + -ery.'\ ducal territory, or a duke's A
Erery one has gone to his chosen ground with too much L. duo = =
E. tmo : noting a supposed second seat as, the bakeries (a group of ducal seats in:

impedimenta, too much duJU. following element.] A

prefix attached to the Nottinghamshire, England). Davies. [Humor-
0. W. Sean, Woodcraft, p. 4. name of a chemical element and forming with ous.]
n. a. Made
of duffle. it a provisional name for a hypothetical ele- The Albertlne line, electoral though it now was, made
She was going ... to buy a bran-new dufU cloak. ment, which, according to the periodic system apanages, sutxlivisions, unintelligible little dukes and du-
Mrt. OiukeU, .Sylvia's Lorera, U.
of Mendelejeff, should have such properties as keriet of a similar kind. Carlyle, Misc., IV. S59.
dnfoil (du'foil), n. and [< L. duo (= E. two)
a. to stand in the same group with the element to England is not a dukery. Nineteenth Century.
+ E./oi71, < \j. folium, a leaf. Cf. trefoil, etc.] which the prefix is attached and next but one dukeship (dflk'ship), «. [< duke^ + -ship."] The
L n. In ker., a head of two leaves growing out to it. For instance, dui-Jiuorine is the name of a sup- state or dignity of a duke.
of a stem. Otherwise called twifou. posed element not yet discovered, belonging in the same
group ss Uttorine snd separated from it in the group by Will your dukeehip
n. a. In her., having only two leaves, manganese. Sit down and eat some sugar-plums ?
dnfrenite (du-fren'it), n. [Prom the French [NL., named
Mageinfjer, Great Duke of Florence, iv. 2.
miii.ralogistP. A. Dufrinoy (1792-1857).] A Dnjardinia
(du-jar-din'i-S), n.
after Dujardin.'} A genus of chtetopodous an- duke's-meat, ». Same as duck-meat.
native hydrous iron phosphate, generally mas-
nelids, of the family Syllidte. dukesst, ". [ME. dukes, a var. of duches: see
sive with radiated fibrouH structure. It has a A duchess.
[< ME. duke, dewke, duk, due, rfiK'/ica's.]
dark-green color, but changes on exposure to duke^
(duk). n.
vellow or brown. douk, dove, < OF. due, dues, dux,F. due =
Sp. Pg. Dukhobortsl (do-ko-b6rt'8i), n. pi. [Buss.
duquezslt. duca (Venetian doge: see doge) = dukhnbtinUiU, pi. ilukhobortsi, one who denies
dnfrenoysite (du-fre-noi'zit), n. [< Dufrfnoy the di'vinity of the Holy Ghost {dukhoborstvo,
(see def.) + -ile^.] A sulphid of arsemo and
MOr. Ax'f, < L. dux (due-), a leader, general,
lead, found in small prismatic crystals of a lead-
ML. a duke, < L. dueere, lead : see duet. Cf. G. a sect of such deniers), < dukhu, spirit (Srya-
gray color in the dolomit« of the Binnenthal,
herzog = D. hertog = Dan. hertug =
8w. hertig, tuiX DukhH, Holy Ghost), -t- boretsU, a contend-
Switzerland : named for the French mineralo- a duke, = AS. heretoga, a general, lit. 'army- er, wrestler, < boroti, overcome, refl. con-
leader' ; the second element (G. -eog, AS. 'toga) tend, -wrestle, fight.] A fanatical Russian sect
gist P. A. Dufr^noy.
[Early mod. dugge; being ult. akin to L. dux, as above. Cf duehess, founded in the early part of the eighteenth
.
dog^ (dog), n. E. cf. E.
dueky, dueat, etc.] If. A chief; a prince; a century by a soldier named Procope Loupkin,
dial, ducky, dukky, the female breast; prob.
ult. connected with 8w. dagna = Dan. dtrgge,
commander; a leader: as, " the diMre« of Edom," who pretended to make known the true spirit
Ex. XV. 15. of Christianity, then long lost. Tliey have no
suckle. See dairy, cby^.] The pap or nipple stated places of worship, observe no holy days, reject the
" What lord art thu ! " quath Lucifer a voys aloud seyde,
of a woman or a female animal; the breast, " The lord of myght snd of mayn, that made alle thynges.
use of Imagea and all rites and ceremonies, have no or-
;

with reference to Boekling. It is now applied Jhite of this dymme place, a-non vndo the jates." dained clergy, and do not acknowledge the divinity of
Christ or the authority of the .Scriptures, to which they
to that of a haman female only in contempt. PUr$ />(owman(C), xxi. 3ti. give, in so far as they accept thcni, a mystical interpreta-
It was a laitbleas squire that was the sooroe Wlth-ynne the Cite were iij'" men defsosable, that of tlon. Owing to their murders ami cruelties, they were re-
(>f all my sorrow and ot these sad tears moved to the Caucasus In 1841 ami subseijucnt years; they
'
the i>idfcs made arete ioye when thei hym sangh.
;

With whom, from tender dug ot common noorae. Jffrlin (K. E. T. 8.X U. 188. now form a community there of seven villages.
At once I was up brought. Spetutr, r. Q. dulcamara (dul-ka-ma'rft), n. [= F. douce-
Hannibal, dute of Carthage. Sir T. Klyot.
She wildly breaketb from their strict enibraoe, aniire = Sp. dulcamara,
like a mllcb doe, wboae sweUlng dugt do aebe,
Uastlac to feed bar fawn hid in aome brake.
S. In Great Britain, France, Italy, Spain, and duhamara = Pg. It.
SMk., Venus and Adooia, L 878. Portugal,
a hereditary title of nobility, ranking duccamara, < NL. dul-
next below that of prince, but in some' instances camara, lit. bitter-
dug- <'<lug). Preterit and past participle of dig. a sovereign title, as in those of the dukes of < L. dulcis, sweet,
dugong (du'gong), ». [Also duyong; < Malay Burgtmdy, Normandy, Lorraine, etc. (see 3, be- sweet, amarus, bitter.] A
'
Javanese duyunn.'] A large aquatic low), or borne as bis distinguishing title by a +
pharmaceutical name
•roos mammal of the order •Virmta, Hali-
"•. of the Indian seas, in general con- prince of the blood royal. I'he first English duke for the bittersweet,
was Edward the Black Prince, created Solanum Dulcamara, a
"lables a cetacean, baring a tapering llsh- linke of OomwaU bi ISST. Inke^
in flukes like a whale's, with two tore
.'
whMi Brltiah peer% alt In the Boose common hedge-plant
o( Lords by right o( Urth Scotch ; through Europe and the
and Irish dukes hsve a right of elec- Mediti'rranean region,
tioo to it, in common with other and naturalized in the
pean ot tliose coonlries, in certain
praportloaa; la other countries, ex- United States. The root
cept Oermaay (see belowX the title Cofoaet of an Englisli and twigs have a peculiar
conveys no prescriptive political Duke. bitter-sweet taste, and have
power. In Oreat Britain a duke's been used in decoction for Bittersweet ISctamum Dultm-
coronet consists of a richly chased gold circle, having on the cure of diseases of the inara).
Itsupper edge ei^t strawberry -leaves, with or without a skin.
cap of crimson velvet, closed st the top with a gold tassel, dulcamarin (dul-ka-ma'rin), n. [= V.duU
lined with sarcenet, snd turned np wfth emiine. camarine; as dulcamara + -in^.] A glucoside
His grandfather was Lionel duk* of Clarence, obtained from the Solanum Dulcamara or bit-
Third son to the third Edward king of England. tersweet, forming a yellow, transparent, resin-
Skak., 1 Hen. VI., U. 4.
ous mass, readily soluble in alcohol, sparingly
Next In rank (to the sovereign] among the lords tem- so in ether, and very slightly soluble in water.
SttiUt, Const. Uist, I 42H.
duJc&niOIlt, 1. A word occurring in the phrase
poral were the duiru.

8. A sovereign prince, the roler of a state to be at diifcarnon —

flippenand nohindliniha. It is known to attatai a length
of for 8 (eat, and is said to be sometimes mnch longer.
The laab ts adlUe, and not unlike beet Other prodncU
eiklled a ducky, in the middle sges, on the continent
of Europe, sU dukes were hereditary territorial rulers,
generally in subordination to a king or an emperor, though
often independent now only Oerman dukes retsin that
;
that is, to bo at a loss, to
be uncertain what course to take. It is found
in the following passage from Chaucer
" I am, til Ood me bettcre niynde sende.

of tha daym tn leather, twiry, and ofl. Ikadagaacaod status, snd of these there sre but five, those of Anhalt, At duteamon, right at my wfttes ende.'
tiie naaalM.at the old and new world iMpaetl r aly, are Bmnswtck, 8axe- Altenburg. .Saxe-Coburg-Ootha, and Saze- Quod Pandarus, " Ve, nece, will yc here?
the best-known sbenlana, and leadins IMag icpnscnla- Melningen. Uodena and Parma, in Italy, were ruled by Dulcamon oUled is flemyng of wreches
*
'

HTca of the order Simia (which isei They may hare sovereign dnkes nntfl their Incorporation with the king- Itsemeth hard, for wreches wol nought lere,
eontriboted to the myth o( the '--"~" flee Halieor*. dom of Italy In isaa For veray slouthe, or other wilful teches."
TroUue, 9S1.
dugout (dug'out), A boat consisting of
n. 1. 4t. A name of the great eagle-owl of Europe,
ill.

a Totrwith the interior dug out or hollowed. It Bubo niaximiw, called otoimWhc by the French. Duteamon represents the Arabic dhil 'I kamein, 'lord of
is a common form of the primitive canoe. 6. pi. The fists.— [Slang.] -Duke of Exeter's the two horns,' a name applied to Alexander, either be-
cause he boasted himself the son of Jupiter Anmion, and
Onr boat was a rery aosafe dmf-out with no oat-i1(geis, daughtert. .See frroln-^ 12. -Duke palatine. fieejMfa- therefore had his coins stamped with horned images, or,
tiiie. —To dine with Duke Humphrey. <«« dine.
in which we eonld not dare to bafaUe a part of the way as some say, because he had In his power the eastern and
la sleep, (or fear of r a pahl ag It
ment
^
an nnmardcd Bore- duke^ (duk), V. i. pret. auil pp. duked, ppr. duk-
U. O. nirikeTtnitai ii Arcfatpclago, p. m. ing. [< duke^, n.] To play the duke. [Kare.]
; western world, si«ntfled in the two horns. (.Selden's
Preface to Drayton's Polyolblon.) But the epithet was
The sun was lost riafaic, as a nan stepped (torn his also applied to the 47th iin>position of Euclid, in which
Lord Angelo dukee it well in his absence.
slender du>/-<mt and drew half Its length out npon the Sltai.,U.tarii.,ULi. . the squares of the two sides of the right-angled triangle
oosy bank of a pretty bayon. stand out something like two horns. Tlits j>n)po8ition
O. W. CaU4, The Century, XXXV. at. dnke^, H. A
dialectal (Scoteh) form of duok^. was confounded by Chaucer with the &th proposition, the
113
 ; ;;

dalcarnon 1794 dnU

famous pmu asinoruin. This, for some reason, was in the dnlcimelt, n. An obsolete form of dulcimer. a subdivision of dulia, is that higher veneration which we
(dul'si-mtr), n. [Formerly also dulci- give to thethough, of course, infinitely inferior to God,mere
nii<l<lle Httes termed Klefuga, which is explained as mean- Blessed \'irgin as the mr)st exalted of
dulcimer and
ing flight ol the miseral)le,' or, as Chaniir renders it. creattires,
'flemyng of wreches.' Ele was supptised to be derived mel (alter Sp. and It.); < OF. douleemer (Roque- incomparably inferior to Christ in liis human nature.
from tUgi^ meaning miserable, and this latter was itself fort), < Sp. dulcemele It. doleemele, a musical = Cath. Diet.
derived from elegia, meaning sorrow. The passage from instrument, < L. dulecmelos, a sweet song: dulce, DulicUa (du-lik'i-a), n. [NL., < Gr. 6ov2.tx6(,
Chaucer was first thus explained in the Loudon Athenceum, neut. of duleis, sweet; melos, < Gr. iitlo^, a song: Ionic form of do/uxic, long : see Dolichos.] The
Sept. 23, 1871, p. 393.
dnice (duls), a. and n. [Altered to suit the orig.
se^ melody.] 1. A
musical instrument consist- typical genus of the family DuUchiidw.
ing of a body shaped like a trapezium, over Dulichiidae (du-li-ki'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Duli-
L. ; early mod. K. doulcc, earlier douce, < ME.
which are stretched a number of metallic chia + -«i<i'.] family of amphipod crusta- A
dcmce, doicce, sweet, < L. duleis, sweet: see
I. a. Sweet; pleasant; soothing.
strings,having a compass sometimes diatonic, ceans. —
douce.']
Nevertheless with much doulce and gentle terms they
—
sometimes chromatic of from 2 to 3 octaves. Dulinse (dil-li'ne), n. pi. [NL. < Dulus -in(B.] , +
The tones are produced by striking the strijigs with ham-
make their reasons as violent and as vehement one against mers, the heads of which have both hard and soft sides, A subfamily of West Indian dentirostral oscino
the other as they may ordinarily. 80 that different qualities and degrees of force are possi- passerine birds, commonly referred to the fart-
Quoted in Slubbe's Const. Hist., § 443. ble. The dulcimer is a very ancient instrument. It is ily Vireonida; sometimes to the Ampelidw. It
notable because it was the prototype of the
n. ». Sweet wine ; must. See the extract. specially pianoforte, which is essentially a keyed dulcimer — that
is represented by the genus Dulus (which see).
Sweetness is imparted by the addition of *' dulce," that —
is, a dulcimer whose hammers are operated by keys or
duUl (dul), a. [Early mod. E. also dul, dulle; <
is, must, frequently made from grapes dried for some days levers. The immediate precursor of the pianoforte, how- ME. dul, dull, also dyll, dill, and in earlier use
in the sun. lire, Diet., IV. 950. ever, the harpsichord, was a keyed psaltery. See harpsi- dwal, < AS. "dwal, *dwol, found only in contr.
dulcet, »'• '• [< dulce, a.] To make sweet; ren- chord, psaltery, pianoforte.
form dol, stupid, foolish, erring (= OS. dol =
der pleasant ; soothe. Here, among the fiddlers, I first saw a dulcimere played
on witli sticks knocking of the strings, and is very pretty.
OFries. dol D. dol MLG. dwal, dwel, dol, = =
Severus . (because he would not leave an enemie
. .
Pepys, Diary, I. 283.
LG. dol, dul OHO. MHG. tol, G. toll, mad, =
behind at his baclie) wisely and with good foresight
dutceth and kindly intreateth tlie men.
. . .

It was an Abyssinian maid.

leel. dulr, silent, close, =
Goth, dtcals, fool- =
And on her dulcimer she played. ish), < *dwelan, pret. *dwal, pp. gedwolen, mis-
Holland, tr. of Camden's Britain, p. 68.
Coleridge, Khubla Khan. lead, OS. fordwelan, neglect. From the same =
dnlcenesst (duls'nes), n. [< 'dulce, a. (see root come AS. dwelian, err, dwola, dwala, error,
douce, a.); < L. duleis, sweet, -ness.] Sweet- 2t. + kind of woman's A
bonnet.
gcdwola OHG. gitwola, error, etc., and ult. E. =
ness ; pleasantness. With bonnet trimmed and flounced withal,
Which they a dulcimer do call. dwell and dwale, q. v. Cf. also dilV^ and dolt.]
Too much diUceness, goodness, and facility of nature. Warton, High Street Tragedy. 1 . Stupid ; foolish ; doltish ; blockish ; slow of
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 338. understanding : as, a lad of dull intellect.
dulcin (dul'sin), n. [< L. duleis, sweet, -in^.] +
dlllcet (dul'set), a. and n. [Altered, after L.
Same as duleitol. The murmur was mykell of the mayn pepull.
duleis, from ME. doucet, sweet, < OF. doucet, Lest thai dang bir to dethe in hor dull hate.
F. doucet (= Pr. dosset, dousset), dim. of doux,
dulcinesst (dul'si-nes), n. [< dulce -y + +
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), L 11904.
-ncss.] Softness ; easiness of temper. Bacon.
fem. douce, < L. duleis, sweet. Cf. doucet.] If our Ancestors had been as dull as we have been of
Dulcinist (dul'si-nist), n. [< ML. Dulcinistw, late, 'tis probable we had never known the way so much
I. a. 1. Sweet to the sense, especially of taste; pi., < Duleinus, a proper name (It. Dolcino), <
luscious ; exquisite ; also, melodious ; harmo- as to the East Indies. Dampier, Voyages, II. i. 102.
nious.
L. duleis, sweet.] follower of Duleinus or A Among those bright folk not the didlest one.
Dolcino (bom at Novara, Italy; burned alive William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 366.
Dainty lays and diUcet melody. Spenser.
in 1307), a leader of the .Apostolic Brethren of
Anon out of the earth a fabric huge northern Italy. With that sect, the Dulcinists rejected 2. Heavy ; sluggish ; drowsy ; inanimate ; slow
Rose, like an exhalation, with the sound in thought, expression, or action : as, a surfeit
the authority of the pope, oaths, marriage, capital punish-
Of dulcet symphonies and voices sweet. ment, and all rites and ceremonies. They held that all leaves one dull; a dull thinker; a dull sermon;
Milton, P. L., i. 712. and
law and all rights of property should be abolished, a dull stream ; trade is dull.
So mild and dufcet as the flesh of young pigs. that the rite of marriage should be superseded by a
Lamb, Roast Pig. merely spiritual and celibate union of man and wife. Their hands and their minds through idleness or lack of
2 Agreeable to the mind. dulcitamine (dtil-sit-am'in), m. [< duleite exercise should wax dtdl. +
Sir T. More, Utopia (tr. by Robinson), i.
They have styled poesy a dulcet and gentle phi-
. . . amine.] In chem., a compound of dulcitan with
losophy. B. Jonson, Discoveries. ammonia, having the formula C6Ha(OH)KNH2. It can never be known, till she is tried, whether a new
ship will or will not be a good sailer for the model of a
dulcitan (dul'si-tan), n. [< duleite + -an.] The
;

Il.t n. The sweetbread. good-sailing ship h.as been exactly followed in a new one,
Thee stagg upbreaking they slitto the dulcet or inche- anhydrid of duleitol (CeHi205), an alcohol pre- which has been proved, on the contrary, remarkably dtdl.
pyn. Stanikurst, jEneid, i. 218. pared by heating duleitol. Franklin, Autobiog., p. 262.

dulcetness (dul'set-nes), n. Sweetness. oulcite (dul'sit), n. [< L. duleis, sweet, + -ite"^.] 3. Wanting sensibility or keenness; not quick
Same as duleitol. in perception : as, dull of hearing ; dull of seeing.
Be so that there were no discommodities mingled
duleitol (dul'si-tol), n. [< duleite + -ol.] A
it
with the commodities yet as 1 before have said, the ; And yet, tho' its voice be so clear and full,
saccharine substance (CgHiiOg), similar to and
brevity and short time that we have to use them should You never would hear it your eai-s are so duU.
;
assuage their dulcetness. isomeric with mannite, which occurs in various Tennyson, The Poet's ilind.
J. Bradford, Writings (Parker Soc), I. 338.
plants, and is commercially obtained from an
4. Sad; melancholy; depressed; dismal.
dulciant, n. [= Dan. Sw. duleian =
OF. doul- unknown plant in Madagascar, and in the crude
If thi herte be dulle and myrke and felis nother witt ne
foine, doufainne, douceine, also doulcine, dou- state is called Madagascar manna. Also called
sauour ne deuocyone for to thynke.
cine, a flute, Sp. dulzaina = =
Pg. dulqairm, do- duleite, dulcin, dulcose. Hamjiole, Prose Treatises (E. E. T. S.),p. 40.
gaina, dogainha, < ML. dulciana, a kind of bas- dulcitudet (dul'si-tM), n. [< L. dulcitudo,
soon, < L. duleis, sweet: see dulce.] A
small sweetness, < duleis, sweet: see dulee, douce.] 5. Not pleasing or enlivening; not exhilarat-
bassoon. Sweetness. E. Phillips, 1706. ing; causing dullness or ennui; depressing;
cheerless: as, duM weather; a (i«H prospect.
dulciana (dul-si-an'ft), «. [ML., a kind of bas- dulcoratet (dul'ko-rat), V. t. [< LL. didcoraius,
soon: see duleian.] In organ-building, a stop pp. of dulcorare, sweeten, < dulcor, sweetness, He from the Rain-bow, as he came that way,
having metal pipes of small scale, and giv- < L. duleis, sweet: see dulce.] To sweeten; Borrow'd a Lace of those fair woven beams
Which clear Heavens blubber'd face, and gild dtdl day.
ing thin, incisive, somewhat string-like tones. make less acrimonious. J. Beaumont, Psyche, i. 59.
The word was formerly applied to a reed stop The ancients, for the duleorating of fruit, do commend profane fogs, far hence fly away
Fly, fly,
of delicate tone. See duleian. Also called swines-dung above all other dung. Taint not the pure streams of the springing day
Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 465.
dolcan. With your dull influence. Crashaw, A Foul Morning.
dulcification (dul'si-fi-ka'shon), n. [= F. dul- dulcorationf (dul-ko-ra'shgn), n. [< ML. dul- There are very few people who do not find a voyage
cification =
Sp. duleifieaeion Pg. dulcifieagito = coratio{n-), < LL. dulcorare, sweeten: see duU which lasts several months insupportably didl.
= It. doleificazione, < L. as if *duleifieatio(^n-), < corate.] The act of sweetening. Macaulay, Warren Hastings.
duleificare, sweeten: see dulcify.] The act of The fourth is in the dulcoration of some metals ; as DuU, dreary flats without a bush or tree.
sweetening the act of freeing from acidity,
; saccharum Saturni, &c. Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 358. Whittier, Bridal of Pennacook.
saltness, or acrimony. E. Phillips, 1706. inanimate
dulcifluous (dul-sif 'lij-us), a. [< ML. duleifluus,
dulcose (dul'kos), n. [< L. duleis, sweet, + 6. Gross ; ; insensible.
-ose.] Same
as duleitol. Looks on the dull earth with disturbed mind.
< L. duleis, sweet, -I- -Jluus, (.Jluere, flow.] Flow- Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 340.
ing sweetly. Bailey, 1727. dule (dol), n. Same as dool, a dialectal form of
dolc'i. 7. Not bright or clear; not vivid; dim; ob-
dlUcifT (dvd'si-fi), V. t. pret. and pp. dulcified, ;
duledge (du'lej), n. [Origin not ascertained.] scure as, a dull fire or light ; a dull red color
:
ppr. dulcifying. [< F. dulcifier, < LL. duleificare,
In mech., a peg of wood which joins the ends of the mirror gives a dull reflection.
sweeten, < L. duleis, sweet, -t- facere, make.]
the six fellies that form the round of the wheel One dxdl breath against her glass.
1 To sweeten in old chemistry, to free from
. ;
Noctum.
of a gun-carriage. D. G. Bossetti, Love's
corrosive and sharp-tasting admixtures render ;

more agreeable to the taste. Dules (du'lez), n. [NL. (Cuvier, 1829), irreg. < By night, the interiors of the houses present a more dull
Gr. SoiiTiOi, a slave. Prop. Dulus, as applied to appearance than in the day.
Can you sublime and dulcify J calcine? E. W. Lane, Modern Egyptians,
a genus of birds.] A genus of serranoid fishes,
I. 188.
B. Jonson, Alchemist, li. 1.
characterized by a lash-like extension of a spine 8. Not sharp or acute; obtuse; blunt: as, a
Other beneflclal inventions peculiarly his such as the ;

dulcifying sea-water with that ease and plenty. of the dorsal fin, the body being thus tmder the dull sword a dull needle.
;

Evelyn, To Sir. Wotton. lash, whence the name. The murtherous knife was dull and blunt.
2. To render more agreeable in any sense, dule-tree, n. See dool-tree. Shak., Rich. III., iv. 4

llis harshest tones in this part came steeped and dulci-

dulia (du-li'a), «. [ML., < Gr. dov^in, service, I wear no dull sword, sir, nor hate I virtue.

fied in good-humour, Lainb, Artificial Comedy. servitude, < ooiXof, a slave.] An inferior kind Beau, and FL, Knight of Malta, ii. 3.
Dulcified spirit, a compound of alcohol with mineral of worship paid to saints and angels in the Ro- Wielding the dull axe of Decay.
acids as, dulcified spirits of niter.
: man Catholic Church. Also duly, doulia. Whittier, Mogg Megone.

dnlcilOQUyt (dul-sil'o-kwi), n. [= Pg. It. dul- Catholic theologians distinguish three kinds of cultus. 0. Not keenly felt not intense as, a dull pain. ; :

eiloquo. It. also doleiloquo, < LL. duleiloquus, Latria, or supreme worship, is due to God alone, and can- = Syn. 1. Silly, etc. See simple.
sweetly speaking, < L. duleis, sweet, loqui,
sin of idolatry.
+
not be transferred to any creature without the horrible dulll (dul), V.
Dulia is that secondary veneration which
[= E. dial, dill: < ME. dulkn,
speak.] A
soft manner of speaking. Bailey,' Catholics give to saints and angels as the servants and dyllcn, dillen, make dull; < duW^, a.] I. trans.
1731. special friends of God. Lastly, hypenlulia, which U only 1. To make dull, stupid, heavy, insensible, etc.
 ; ; ;

duU 1796 dumb-cake

lessen the vigor, activity, or sensitiveness of; They are somewhat heavy in motion and dullish, which None duly loves thee but who, nobly free
must be imputed to the quality of the clime. From sensual objects, finds his all in thee.
render inanimate damp as, to dull the wits
; :
Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 12. Cowper, Glory to God Alone.
to dull tlie senses.
dullness, dulness (dul'nes), n. [< ME. dul- duly2 (dii'li), «. [< dulia, q. v.] Same as dulia.
How may ye thus meane you with malis, for shame tiesse, dullnes, dotnesse, dolnes; < dull + -ness.']
!

Now call you this devotion, as you please, whether dw^j/

Youre dedis me duUit, & dos out of hope.
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 11314. The state or quality of being duU, in any sense or hyperduly, or indirect, or reductive, or reflected or ana-
gogical worship, which is bestowed on such images.
I hate to heare, lowd plaints have duld mine eares.
of that word.
Brevint, Saul and Samuel at Endor, p. 352.
SpenseTy Daphna'ida, v. Thou art inclin'd to sleep ; 'tis a good dulness,
Those [drugs] she has
And give it way. Shak., Tempest, i. 2. dumf, a.An obsolete spelling of dumb.
Will stuplfy and dxUl the sense awhile. Dulruas, that in a playhouse meets disgrace. dumal (du'mal), a. [< LL. dumalis, < L. du-
Shak., Cymbellne, 1.9. Might meet with reverence in its proper place. mus, OL. dusihus, a thorn-bush, a bramble, per-
Dryden, Troiius and Cressida, Pro!., 1. 25. haps akin (as if a contraction of "densimus) to
The nobles and the people are all dxdl'd
With this usurping king. Nor is the didness of the scholar to extinguish, but
rather to inflame, the charity of the teacher.
densus =
Gr. 6aav(, thick, dense: see dense.'\
Beau, and Fl.. Philaster, iii. Pertaining to briers ; bushy.
South, Sermons.
DvU not thy days away in slothful supinity and the And gentle Dulness ever loves a joke. dumb (dum), a. [Early mod. E. also dum,
tediousness of doing nothing.
Sir T. Brotme, Christ. Mor., I. xxxiii.
Pope, Dunciad, ii. 34. dumbe; < ME. dumb, domb, doumb, < AS. dumb,
^^Tien coloured windows came into use, the comparative mute, = OFries. dumbe, dumi = D. dom =
2. To render dim; sully; tarnish or cloud: as, dulness of the former mode of decoration [fresco] was im- MLG. LG. dum, dull, stupid, = ORG. tumb,
the breath dulls a mirror. mediately felt. J. Fergtisson, Hist. Arch., I. 520.
MHG. tunip, turn, G. (with LG. d) dumm, mute,
She deem'd no mist of earth could dutt Cardiac dullness. See cardiac. =8yn. Baldness, Heavi- stupid, = loel. dumbr, dumbi, mute, = Sw. dumb,
mute, dum, stupid, = Dan. dum, stupid, = Goth.
Those spirit-thrilling eyes so keen and beautiful. ness, etc. (in style). Hee /rigidity.
Tennyatm^ Ode to Memory. dully (dul'li), adr. In a dull manner; stupid-
dumbs. OHG. tumb, G. dumm, is foimd also in
3. To make less sharp or acute; render blunt ly; sluggishly; without life or spirit; dimly;
sense of 'deaf (OHG. toup); cf. Gr. Tu^Aiif,
or obtuse: as, to dull a knife or a needle. 4. bluntly. —
She has a sad and darkened soul, loves duUy.
blind; perhaps the two words are ult. con-
To make less keenly felt ; moderate the inten- Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iv. 1. nected, the orig. sense being then dull of per- '

sity of : as, to dull pain. ception.' See deaf.'] 1. Mute; silent; refrain-
The dome dully tinted with violet mica.
Weep weeping duUt the inward pain.
;
L. Wallace, BenHur, p. 317. ing from speech.
Tennyton, To J. S.
Somewhat + I was dumb with silence I held my peace. Ps. xxxix. 2.
n. intrans. If. To become dull or blunt be- dully [< dull ;
(dul'i), a. -y.]
;
dull. [Poetical.] Dombe as any ston.
come stupid.
Far off she seem'd to hear the duUy sound Thou another booke,
sittest at
Right nought am 1 thurgh youre doctrine, Of human footsteps fall. Tennyson, Palace of Art, Tyl fully dasewyd is thy looke.
I duiU under youre discipline. Chaucer, House of Fame, L 658.
Horn. 0/ tite Sou, 1. 47»2. dulness, n. See dullness. To praise him we sould not be dumm.
Which [wit] mst« and dvU, except it subiect Dnde dulocracyt (du-lok'ra-si), n. [Also written dou- Battle 0/ Uarlaw (Child's Ballads, VII. 189).
Worthy it's worth, whereon it self to grinde. locrucy ; < Gr. Sov/onfiaTia, < doi?.oc, a slave, + Since they never hope to make Conscience dum}}, they
SylKster, tr. of Uu Bartaa's Weeks, i. 6. •Kparia, < Kpareiv, rule. ] Predominance of slaves would have it sleep as much as may be.
a government of or by means Stillingfleet, Sermons, I. xi.
2. To become calm; moderate: as, the wind of slaves. E.
dulled, or dulled down, about twelve o'clock. Phillips, 1706. 2. Destitute of the power of speech ; unable to
[Kare.] —
3. To become deadened in color; dulse (duls), n. [Also dial, dullis,
dillisk; < Gael, duileasg, duileosg Ir. duileasg, =
dilse, dills, utter articulate sounds: as, a deaf and dumb
person; the dMmft brutes. 3. Mute; notaccom- —
lose brightness.
The day had duUed somewhat, and far out among the duilUasg, dulse, perhaps < Gael. Ir. duille, a leaf, panied with or emitting speech or sound : as, a
western Isles that lay along the horizon there was a faint, + (Ir.) uisge, water: see usquebaugh, whisky.^ dumb show; dumb signs.
still mist that inaile them sliadowy and vague.
W. BUtek, A Daughter of Heth, u.
A seaweed, Khodymenia palmata, belonging to Such shapes, such gesture, and such sound, expressing
the order Florideie. it has bright-red, broadly wedge- (Although they want the use of tongue) a kind
dull'' (dul), n. [Oriijin obscure there is no ; shaped fronds, from 6 to 12 Inches long and 4 to 8 inches Of excellent dumb discourse. Shak., Tempest, lit 3.
evidence to connect it with dole^, < L. dolus, a broad. Irregularly cleft or otherwise divided, and. often You shan't come near him none of your dumb signs.
;

bearing frondleta on the margin. It is common between Steele, Lying Lover, ill. 1.
device, artifice, snare, net, < Gr. 66>j>c, a bait
for fish, a snare, net, device, artifice.] noose A tide-marks, and extends into deeper waters, mlhcnng to
the rocks and to other algte. It is eaten in New England Hence —
4. Lacking some usual power, mani-
of string or wire used to snare fish; usually, and in Scotland in Iceland It is an important plant, and
; festation, characteristic, or accomj)animent
a noose of bright copper wir" attached by a is stored In casks to be eaten with fish in Kamtchatka a ;
destitute of reality in some respect; irregular;
fermented liquor is made from it. In the south of England simulative: as, dumb ague; dumb craft. See
short string to a stout pole. [Southern U. 8.]
dllll2 (dul), r. ». [< dulP, «.] To fish with a
this name Is given also to another alga of the same order,
Iriden edulu. —
phrases below. 6. Dull; stupid; doltish. [Lo-
dull : as, to dull for trout. [Southern U. 8.] Wliat dost thoQ here, voting wife, by the water-side. cal, U. S. In Pennsylvania this use is partly
I hope that the barbarous practice called duUing has
Gathering crimson dvlte I Celia Tkaxter, All's Well. due to the G. dwinw.] —
6. Deficient in clear-
gone out of fashion. Forest and Stream, March 11, 1880. Craw dulse, V!Ao<fyn«nui cUiata. [Scotch.] Pepper — ness or brightness, as a color. [Bare.]
dulse, haureneia pinnatifida. [Scotch.) Her stern was painted of a dtimb white or dun colour.
dullard (durjlrd), n. and a. [< ME. duUarde; Dulus (du'lus), n. [NL. (Vieillot, 1816), < Gr. De/oe.
< dull + -ard.] I, n. A dull or stupid person; ioiAof, a slave. The bird used to be called Tan- Deaf and dumb. See deaf-mute.— Dumb afne, a jnipu-
a dolt ; a blockhead ; a dunce. gara esclave.} A
genus of probably vireonine lar name of an irregular intermittent fever, lacking the
usual chill or cold stage; masked fever.— bors- Dumb
They which cannot doe itare hulden duUardt and
holder, an old staff of oflice, serving also as an imple-
blockea. Purchat, Pilgrimage, p. Mi.
ment to lireak open doors and the like in the service of
n. a. Dull; doltish ; .stupid. the law, of whicli an example is preserved at Twyford in
the county of Kent, England, It was made of wood, about
But would I bee a poet if I might.
S feet long, with an iron spike at one end and several iron
To rub my browes three days, and wake three nights,
rings attached, tliroujjh wliich ci.rds could Ik- passed. J.
And bite my nails, and scratch my dullard head? — Dumb
Bp. HaU, Satire*, L iv. A. .4, 1.X. 505.— Dumb compass, .'^ic com/wnii
craft, Unbtcrs anil Iwat." nut liaving sails.- cram- Dumb
dnllardism (dul'Sr-dizm), [< dullard n. + IJO, furnace, etc See the nouns.— Dumb
piano. Same
—
-ixni.] Siiipidity;dolti.shne88. Maunder. [Rare.] as (/j'/f^'rM((/f. — Dumb spinet, .'^aine as vianichord.
To strike dumb, to render silent fiom astonishment;
dull-brained (dul'brand), a. Having a duU confound; astonisn.
brain; being slow to understand or compre- Alas this parting strikes poor lovers dumb.
1

hend. Shak., T. O. of V., 11. 2.

Tbla am
of mine hath chastised
=8yn. 1 and Mute, etc. See silent.
2.
The petty rebel, duU-trrain'd Buckingham.
Shak., Klcb. UI., ir. 4. dumb (dum), V. [< ME. doumben, < AS. d-dum-
bian, intr., become dumb, be silent, < dumb,
dull-browed (dul'broad), a. Having a gloomy dumb: see dumb, a.] I.t intrans. To become
brow or look. Ihtliu dptmimtcMj. dumb be ; sUent.
Let us screw our pampered hearta a pitch beyond the
I doumbed and meked and was ful stille.
reach of dtiZI-frrvuM sorrow. dentirostral oscine birds of the
Indies, West Ps. xxxvlii. 3 (ME. version).
QuarUt, Judgment and Mercy. representing a subfamily Dulinte, the position
H. trans. To make dumb; silence; over-
dnller (dul'6r), It. One who or that which makes of which is unsettled. In some respects it re- power the sound of.
dull. sembles Icteria. D. dominieus is the only es-
An arm-gaunt steed,
Your grace most fly phlebotomy, fresh pork, conger, tablished species. Who neigh'd so high, that what I would have spoke
and clarifled whey ; they are all dultem of the vital spirits. dulwllly (dul'wil-i), «. [E. dial.] The ring- Was beastly dumlid by him. Shak,, A. and C, i. 5.
Beau, and Ft., Philaster. il. 1. plover, ACgialites hiaticula. Montagu.
dumb-bell (dum'bel), n. One
of a pair of
dulleryt (dul'6r-i), n. [= MLG. duUerie; as duly! (du'li), adr. [< ME. dtiely, dewly, dieicly,
weights, each consisting of two balls joined by
dull + -eryl.] Dullness; stupidity. ducliche; < rfuel -1- -ly^.'] In a due manner;
a bar, intended to be swung ip the hands for
Master Antltns of Creaseplota was licentlated, and had when or as due; agreeably to obligation or the sake of muscular exercise, made of iron, or
passed his degrees In all duUery and blocklshness. propriety; exactly; fitly; properly.
Urr/ukart, tr. of Rabelais, IL II. for very light exercise of hard wood.
Vnto my dygnyte dere sail diewly be dyghte
A place full of plente to my plesyng at ply. Brandishing of two sticks, grasped in each hand and
doll-eyed (dul'id), a. Having eyes dull in ex- loatien with plugs of leaii at either end sometimes ; . . .
} ork Plays, p. 1.
pression ; being of dull vision. practised in the present day, and called "ringing of the
Tliat they may have their wages duly paid them.
111 not he made a soft and duU-eifd fool.
And something over to remember me by,
dumb belts." StrutI, Sports and Pastimes, p. 142.
Shak.. M. of v., ill. 3. Shak., Hen. VIII., Iv. 2. dumb-bidding (dum'bid'ing), n. A form of
|dullhead (dul'hed), n. A
person of dull under- As our Saviour, during his forty days' stay on earth, bidding at auctions, where the exposer puts a
^ sttuidiiiK ; a dolt ; a blocknead. fully enabled his ap6stles to attest bis resurrection, so did reserved bid under a candlestick or other cov-
This people (sayth he) he fooles and diUhede* to all he qualify them duly to preach bis doctrine. ering, and no sale is effected unless the bidding
Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. viL
gondnes. A$eham, The Scholeroaater, p. 76. comes up to that.
Seldom at church, 'twas such a linsy life ;
dullish ((lul'ish), a. [< dull -Mftl.] +
Some- But duly sent his family and wife. dumb-cake (dum'kak), n. A cake made in si-
what dull. Pope, Moral Essays, ill. 382. lence on St. Mark's Eve, with numerous cere-
 ;; ;; : ; ;

dumb-cake 1796 dump

monies, by maids, to discover their future hus- tyrant flycatchers, of the family Tyrannidce, 2t. Meditation; reverie. Locke. — 3. pi. Twi-
bands. [Local, Eng.] containing such species as D. diops. Also light. [Prov. Eng.] 4t. (a) — A slow dance
dumb-cane (dum'kan), h. An araceous plant called Museiphaga and Uemitriceus. with a peculiar rhythm.
of the West Indies, tUfffenhaehia Scguiiie: so dummador (dum'a-d6r), «. Same as dumble- And then they would have handled me a new way
called from the fact that its acridity causes dore. The devil's dump had been dauc'd then.
Fletcher, Pilgrim,
swelling of the tongue when chewed, and de- dummerert (dum'6r-^r), n. [< dumb + double
v. 4.

(6) Music for such a dance.

stroys the power of speech. suffix -fc-cr.] A dumb person; especially, one Visit by night your lady's chamljer-window
dumb-chalder (dum'chal'dfer), «. la ship-build- who feigns dumbness. With some sweet concert to their instruments
:

ing, a metal cleat bolted to the after part of Eciuall to the Cranck in dissembling is the DumiMrar; Tune a deploring dump. Shak., T. G. of V., iii. 2.
the stem-post, for one of the rudder-pintles to for, as the other takes vpon him to haue the falling sick-
nesse, so this counterfets Dunibnes. (c) Any tune.
play on. Dekker, Belman of London (cd. 1608), sig. D, 3. O, play me some merry dump, to comfort me.
dumb-craft (dum'kr&ft), n. An instrument Every village almost will yield abundant testimonies Shak., R. and J., Iv. 5.
somewhat similar to the screw-jack, having [of counterfeits] amongst us we have dummerers, <Sc. ; dump2 (dump), V. [< ME. dumpen, rarely dam-
wheels and pinions which protrude a ram, the Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 159. pen, tr. cast down suddenly, intr. fall down sud-
point of which communicates the power. dumminess (dum'i-nes), n. The character of denly (not in AS.); = Norw. dumpa, fall down
dumbfound, dumbfounder. See dumfound, being dumb ; stupidity. suddenly, fall or leap into the water, = Sw. dial.
dumfoKiidcr. A little anecdote . which
. . . . . strikingly illustrates dumpa, make a noise, dance clumsily, dampa,
dumblel (dum'bl), a. [E. dial., < rfwraft -I- dim. the dumminess of a certain class of the English popula- fall downsuddenly,=Icel. «?«»(/)« (once), thump,
or freq. term. -te.] Stupid ; very dull. Malli- tion. C. A. Bristed, English University, p. 292, note.
= Dan. dumpe, intr. thump, plump, tr. dip, as
well. dummy (dum'i), «. Sc. dumbie and a. [= a gun, = D. dampen, tr., dip, as a gun, dampelen,
dumble^t (dum'bl), n. [E. dial., = dimhle, q. v.] dim. of dumb, dum.] I. «. dummies (-iz). ;
pi. tr., plunge, dip, immerse, = LG. dumi>eln, intr.,
Same as dimble. 1. One who is dumb; a dumb person; a mute. drift about, be tossed by wind and waves all
dumbledore (dum'bl-dor), «. [E. dial., also [CoUoq.] — 2. One who is silent ; specifically, from a strong verb repr. by Sw. dinipa, pret.
;

written dumblcdor; < 'dumble D. dommelcn, = in theat., a person on the stage who appears be- damp, pp. neut. dumpit, fall down, plump. Cf.
buzz, mimible, slumber, doze (perhaps ult. imi- fore the lights, but has nothing to say. 3. One — thump.] I. trans. 1. To throw down violently
tative, like bumble-, huniblebee), + dore, dor, a who or that which lacjis the reality, force, func- plunge; tumble. [Obsolete, except as a Col-
bumblebee, a black beetle, a cockchafer: see tion, etc., which it appears to possess; some- loquialism in the United States as, the bully :

dor^.1 1. The bumblebee. thing that imitates a reality in a mechanical was dumped into the street.]
Betsy called it [the monk's hood] the dumbled(yre'8 de- way or for a mechanical purpose. Specifically— Than sail the rainbow descend. . . .

light. Soulhey, The Doctor, viii. (o) »ome object made up to deceive, as a sham package, Witjhj the wind than sail it mell,
a wooden cheese, an imitation drawer, etc. (b) Some- And driue th.am dun all vntil hell
2. The brown cockchafer. thing used as a block or model in exhibiting articles of
adv. [< dumb + -ly^.l Mute- And dump the deuls [devils] thider in.
dumbly (dimi'll), dress, etc. (e) A specimen or sample of the size and Cursor Mundi, X. 22689.
ly; silently; without speech or sound. appearance of something which is to be made, as a book
composed of sheets of blank paper bound together, (d) Kene men sail the kepe.
Cross her hands liumbly,
.Something employed to occupy or mark temporarily a par-
And do the dye on a day,
As if praying dumbly^ ticular space in any arrangement of a number of articles.
And domp the in the depe.
Over lier breast. Hood, Bridge of Sigha. Minot, Poems (ed. RItson), p. 47.
4. In mech. (a) : dumb-waiter. (6) A loco- A
dumbness (dum'nes), w. 1. Muteness silence; ;
motive with a condensing-engine, and hence 2. To put or throw down, as a mass or load
abstention from speech ; absence of sound. avoiding the noise of escaping steam used es- :
of anything unload especially, to throw down
; ;

Talte lience that once a Icing ; that sullen pride pecially for moving railroad-cars in the streets or cause to fall out by tilting up a cart: as, to
That swells to dumbnesg. of a city, or combined in one with a passenger- dump a stickful of type (said by printers) ; to
Dryden, Don Sebastian, iii. 1.
car for local or street traffic, (c) The name dump bricks, or a load of brick. [U. S.]
2. Incapacity for speaking ; inability to utter given by firemen to one of the jets from the The equipage of the campaign is dumjted near the store-
articulate sounds. See deafness. mains or chief water-pipes, (d) hatters' A cabin, ir. Barrows, Oregon, p. 137.

In the first case tlie demoniac or madman was dumb

and his dumt/itens probably arose from the natural turn
pressing-iron. —
5. In card-playing: (a) An ex- Dumped like a load of coal at every door.
Lowell, To G. W. Curtis.
posedhand of cards, as in whist when three play.
of his disorder.
Farmer, Demoniacs of New Testament, i. § 6. (6) A
game of whist in which three play, the 3. To plunge into. [Scotch.] — 4. To knock
fourth hand being placed face up. One player, heavily. [Prov. Eng.]
dumb-show (dum'sho'), n. 1. part of a A II. intrans. If. To fall or plunge down sud-
dramatic representation shown pantomimi- with this and his own hand, plays against the
other two denly.
cally, chiefly for the sake of exhibiting more Double dummy, a game at whist with
only two players, each having two hands of cards, one of Vp so doun schal ye dumpe depe to the abyme.
of the story than could be otherwise included, them exposed. Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), iii. 362.
but sometimes merely emblematical. Dumb- II. a. If. Silent; mute. Clarke. 2. Sham; — in the flete felly thai drownen
The folke
shows were very common in the earlier English fictitious ; feigned : as, a dummy watch. Thai dump in the depe, and to dethe passe.
dramas. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), I. 13289.
About 1770 it became fashionable to wear two watches
Groundlings who, for the most part, are capable of no- but this was an expensive luxury, and led to the manufac- 2. To unload a cart by tilting it up; dispose
thing but inexplicable dumb shows and noise. ture of dummy
watches, of a refuse load by throwing it out at a certain
Shak., Hamlet, iii. 2.
F. Vors, Bibelots and Curios, p. 83. place: as, you must not rf«m^ there. [U.S.] —
The Julian feast is to-day, the country expects me ; I It is also probable that farms made up in whole or part 3. In printing,to remove type from the stick and
spealc all the dumb-shows : my sister chosen for a nymph. of land obtained by dummy entries would, for some time
Fletclier and Rowley, Maid in the Mill, ii. 1. at least, be returned as having separate ownera and there-
place it on the galley: as, where shall I dumpf
2. Gesture without words pantomime : as, to fore as separate farms. N. A. Rev., CXLII. 388. durnp^ (dump), n. [= Norw. dump, a sudden fall
;
or plunge, also the sound of something falling,
a story in dumb-show. See blue, n. Dumont's blue.
also a gust of wind, a squall, = Dan. dump,
tell
dumb-waiter (dum'wa'tfer), n. A framework dumortierite (du-mor'ter-it), n. [After M. the sound of something falling from the verb.
with shelves, placed between a kitchen and a Eugene Dumortier.'] A silicate of aluminium
;

dining-room for conveying food, etc. When the of a bright-blue color, occurring in fibrous forms
Hence dumpy, dumpling.] 1. The sound of a
kitchen is in the basement story the dumb-waiter is bal- in the gneiss of Chaponost near Lyons, and else- heavy object falling; a thud.— 2. Anything
'
anced by weights, so as to move readily up and down by the where. short, thick, and heavy. Hence 3. A clumsy —
agency of cords and pulleys. The name is also given to a medal of lead formerly made by casting in
small table or stand, sometimes with a revolving top, placed dumose, dumous
(du'mos, dii'mus), a. [< L.
dumosus, dummosus, OL. dusmosus, bushy, < <J«- moist sand specifically, a leaden counter used
;
at a person's side in the dining-room, to hold dessert, etc.,
until required. »i!<«, a thorn-bush, a bramble : see dumal.] 1. by boys at chuckfarthing and similar games.
existing are generally impressed with char-

right
Mr. Meagles
hand
. . . gave a turn to the ditmb-waiter on his
to twirl the sugar towards himself.
having a compact, bushy form. 2.
In bot., — The dumps still
acters, often letters, perhaps the initials of the maker.
Dickens, Little Dorrit, i. 16.
in bushes and briers. Abounding Thy taws are brave, thy tops are rare,
dump^ (dump), n. [< *dun>p, adj., Sc. dumph, Our tops are spun with coils of care.
dumetose (du'me-tos), a. [< L. dumetum, dum- dull, insipid prob. < Dan. dump, dull, low, hol- ;
Our dumps are no delight.
metum, OL. dumectum, a thicket, < dumus, a low, = G. dumpf, damp, musty, dull, esp. of Hood, Ode on Prospect of Clapham Academy.
bramble see dumal.'] In bot, bush-like.
:
sound, low, heavy, indistinct, muffled (< MHG. 4. A small coin of Australia.
dumfotmd, dumbfound (dum-found'), " * dimpfen, steam, reek); cf. D. dompig, damp, The small colonial coin denominated dumps have aU
[Orig. a djal. or slang word, < dumb + appar. hazy, misty, = LG. dumpig, damp, musty, = been called in. Sydney Gazette, January, 1823.
-found in confound.] To strike dumb confuse Sw. dial, dumpin, melancholy (pp. of dimba,
;
If the dollar passes current for five shillings, the dump
stupefy; confound. steam, reek), »w. dumpig, damp see below. :
lays claim to fifteen pence value still in silver money.
Sydney Gazette, January, 1823.
Words which would choke a Dutchman or a Jew, Cf D. dampen, quench, put out from the same
. ;
BumfouTui Old Nick, and which from me or you Money; "chink." [Slang.]
Could not be forced by ipecacuanha. source as damp, q. v.] 1. A dull, gloomy state 5. pi.
of the mind; sadness; melancholy; sorrow; May I venture to say when a gentleman jumps
Drop from his oratorio lips like manna. Soulhey.
In the river at midnight for want of the dumps.
I waited doggedly to hear him [Landor] begin his cele- heaviness of heart: as, to be in the dumps. He rarely puts on his knee-breeches and pumps?
bration of them [pictures], dumfownded between my moral [Regularly used only in the plural, and usually Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 37.
obligation to be as truthful as I dishonestly could and my in a humorous or derogatory sense.]
social duty not to give offense to my host. 6. Aplace for the discharge of loads from
iMwell, The Century, XXXV. 614. Some of our poore familie be fallen into such dumpes, carts, trucks, etc., by dumping; a place of de-
that scantly can any such cumfort as my poore uit can
Fosit for offal, rubbish, or any
dumfounder, dimibfounder (dum-foun'der), coarse material.
geue them any thing asswage their sorow.
V. t. [Another form of dumfound, apparent- Sir T. More, Cumfort against Tribulation (1573), fol. 3. U. S.]
ly simulating founder^, sink.] Same as dum- Why, how now, daughter Katharine? In your dumps f A sort of platform on the edge of the dump. There, m
Shak., 1. of the S., 1. old days, the trucks were tipped and the loads sent thun-
found. [Rare.] ii.
The Century, XXVII. 191.
Gent. But where's my lady? dering down the chute.
There but one way to browbeat this world,
is
dumps
Dumb/ounder doubt, and repay scorn in kind — Pet. In her old within, monstrous melancholy. We sat by the margin of the dttmp and saw, far below
Fletcher, Loyal Subject, v. 2. us, the green tree-tops standing still in the clear air.
To go on trusting, namely, till faith move
His head like one in doleful dump The Century, XXVII. 38.
Mountains. Browning, Ring and Book, I. 114.
Between his knees. The next point Is to get sufficient grade or fall to carry
Dnmicola (du-mik'o-la), 11. [NL. (Swainson, ,Sr. nutter, Hudibras, II. i. 106. away the inmiense masses of dSbris that is, the miner :

1831, as Dumecola), < L. dumus, a bramble, + I know not whether it was the dumps or a budding ec- has to look out for bis "dump."
eolere, inhabit.] A
genus of South American stasy. Thoreau, Waldeo, p, 242. Mistier, Mod. High Explosives, p. 278.
 ; ; :
;: :
.

damp 1797 dunche-do'wn

7. Thepile of matter so deposited ; specifically, dnn^ (dun), a. [< ME. dunne, donne, dun, duncan(dung'kan), H. A half -grown cod.
and w. Gor-
the pile of refuse rook around the mouth of a < AS. f/««, dunn, < W. dicn, dun, dusky, swarthy, don. [Scotch (Moraj- Frith).]
shaft or adit-level. [U.S.J 8. nail. See — A = Ir. and Gael, donn, dun, brown. Not related dunce (duns), n. [Early mod. E. also dunse,
the extract. [Eng.] to G. dunkel, dark. Hence dunling, dunnocl; tliiK.i, Duns (> G. Duns), ori^. in the phrase
Nails of mixed metal being termed dumpt. donkey.'] I, a. 1. Of a color partaking of brown Duns man, Duns-matt, that is, a follower of
Thearle, Xaval Arch., | 216. and black; of a dull-brown color; swarthy. Duns (also written Dunse, Dunce), whose full
dump3 (dump), n. [Cf. Norw. dump, a pit, And shote at the donne dere name was John Duns Scotus, a celebrated scho-
pool, also the Dottom of a carriage or sleigh As I am wont to done. lastic theologian, called the " Subtle Doctor."
LyteU Gente o/ Robyn Mode (Child's Ballads, IV. 256).
LG. dumpfel, tilmpfel, an eddy, a deep place in He died in 1308. His followers, calledScofiste,
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun held control of the imiversities till the reforma-
a lake or stream, orig. a place that '•plunges" Coral is far more red than her lips' red
;

down ; ult. from the verb represented by dump^, If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun. tion set in, when the reformers and humanists,
r.] A deep hole filled with water. Grose, [Prov. Shak., Sonnets, cxxx. regarding them as obstinate opponents of
Eus:.] They [sea-lions]have no hair on their bodies like the sound learning and of progress, and their phi-
dumpage (dum'paj), «. l< dump'^ -age."] 1. + seal ; they are of a dun colour, and are all extraordinary losophy as sophistical and barren, applied the
The privilege oi dumping loads from carts,
fat. Dumpier, Voyages, an. 1683. term Duns man, which at first meant simply a
trucks, etc., on a particular spot. [U. 8.] 2. — And deer-skfns, dappled, dun, and white.
Scott, L. of the lu, 27.
Seotist, to any caviling, sophistical opponent;
The fee paid for such privilege. [U. S.] 2. Dark; gloomy.
i.
and so it came finally tomean any dull, obsti-
damp-bolt (dump'bolt), n. la ship-building, a nate person.] If. [cap.] A disciple or fol-
" O is this water deep," he said,
short bolt used to hold planks temporarily. lower of John Duns Scotus (see etymology);
'*
As it is wondrous dun ? "
dnmp-car (dump'kar), ri. A dumpmg-car. Sir Roland (Child's Ballads, I. 226).
a Dunce-man ; a Seotist. Tyndale.
dump-cart (dump'kart), n. Same as tip-cart. He then sitfvey'd Scotista [It.], a follower of Scotus, as we say a Dunce.
damper (dum'per), n. One who or that which Hell and the foilt between, and Satan there Florio.
dumps .specifically, a tip-cart. [U. 8.]— Double
dumper, a
;

cart or wairon the form of which is liko tliat

Coasting the wall of heaven on this side night
In the dim air sublime. Milton, P. L., ill. 72.
Hence — 2. A
caviling, sophistical person; a
senseless caviler.
of a ti]>-cart, except that the neap contains a seat for the Fallow-dun, a shade between cream-color and reddish
driver ill the rear of the forward axle. (U. S.J hrowii, which grailiiates into light bay or light chestnut. AVboso surpasseth others either in cavilling, sophistry,
/>aruiii.— Mouse-dun, lead- or slate-color which gradu- or subtle philosophy^ is forthwith named a Duns.
domping-badcet (dum'ping-btik'et), n. See Stanihitrst, m Holinshed's Chron. (Ireland), p. 2.
ates int<i an ash-color.
hurh t.

dumping-car (dum'plng-kar), «. A truck-car H. "• A

familiar name for an old horse or 3. A dull-witted, stupid person ; a dolt ; an ig-
the body of which can be turned partly over to jade : used as a quasi-proper name (Uke dobbin). noramus.
be emptied. [U. 8.]
—Don In the mire, a ]>r<>verliia1 plirase used to denote What am
I better
an embarrasM.*d or straitened position. For all my learning, if I love a dunce,
dumping-cart (dum'ping-kart), fl. A cart Syr, what i>unn« is in the mire! A handsome dunce! to what use serves my reading?
whose bfxlv can be tilted to discharge its con- Chaucer, Manciple's Tale, Prol. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1.
tents. [I''. S.]
dnn^ (Jun), V. ; pret. and pp. dunned, ppr. dun- Graue clothes make dunces often seeme great clarkes.
dumping-ground (dum'ping-gronnd), n. A ning. [< ME. dunnen, donnen, make of a dim
Cotgrave (s. v./of.X
pieee of ground or a lot where earth, offal, rub- Or I'm a very Dunce, or Womankind
color, < AS. dunnian, darken, obscure (as the Is a most unintelligible thing.
bish, etc., are emptied from carts; a dump. moon does the stars), < dun, dunn, dark, dun Cowley, The Mistress, Women's Superstition.
[V. 8.] see dvnl, a.] I. trans. 1. To make of a dun or How much a dunce that has been sent to roam
dumpish (dum'pish), a. [< dump^ + -i»ht-.'\
dull-brown color. Excels a dunce that has been kept at home.
I^ull: stupid; morose ; melancholy ; depressed Dmutyd of colour, subniger. Prompt. Pare, p. 1S5. Courper, Progress of Error, I. 415.
in spirits. yow gytfe twa gad grewhnndes The interval between a man of talents and a dunce is as
I sail
Sir knight, why ride ye dMmpUk thns behind T Are dotuMoala any doo (doej. wide as ever. Macautay, Loni Bacon.
Sptnter, ¥. Q., IV. it S. MS. in HaUiwtU, p. 310. duncedom (duns'dum), n. [< dunce -dom.] +
The life which I lire at this age la not a dead, dumpUh, Especially —
2. To cure, as cod, in such a man- The domain of dunces; dtinces in general.
and sour life but chearful, Ureljr, and pleasant.
;
ner as to impart a dun or brown color. See C'arlyle.
Lord Uerbert^ Memoirs.
dunflsh. [New Eng.] and most effective of
It [dignity] is at once the thinnest
She will either be dumpiMh or tmnelgbboorlf, or talk of
such matters as no wise body can abide. Theproceseof dunning, which made the [laleeof] Shoals all the coverings under which du ncedom sneaks and skulks.
flab so famoiu a century ago. Is almost a lost art, though Whipple, Lit. and Lite, p. 142.
Bunyan, PUgrlm's Progress, p. 2S7.
the chief flsherman at star still (funs a few yearly.
dumpishly (dum'pish-li), adv. In a didl, mop- Crlia Thaxter, Isles of Shoals, p. 83. duncelyt, dunslyt (duns'li), adv. [< Dunce (def
or morose manner. Bp. Hall. 1), Duns, + -/y''^.] In the manner of a follower
in>,'.
n. intrans. To become of a dun color.
of Duns Scotus, or of Duns Scotus himself.
dnmpishness (<linn'pish-nes), n. The state of Thin hew [hue] dunnet.
being dull, moping, or morose. PaiUieal Poemt, etc. (ed. Fumivali), p. 221.
He is wilfully witted, Duimly learned, Moorly affected,
bold not a little, zealous mure than enough.
The dnke deniaundid of him what should slsnUIe that dun^ (dun), r. ; pret. and pp. dunned, ppr. dun- Latiuter, .Sermons and Kcniains, II. 374.
dumpishnes of myniie. UaU, £dw. IV., an. 15. ning. [< ME. dunnen, make a loud noise (ver- Dnnce-mant, Duns-mant (duns'man), n. [See
domple (dum'pl), r. (. ; pret. and pp. dumpled, bal n. dunning, a loud noise), var. of dynnen, dunce.] A disciple of Duns Scotus; a Seotist;
ppr. dumpling. [Appar. freq. of dump^, c.J To dynning, dinnen, etc., earlier ME. dunien, < AS.
hence, a subtle or sophistical reasoner (see
fold; b«'nd; douole. iScott. dunian, make a din. Dun^ is thus another form
dunce, etymology).
dumpling (dump'ling), n. [< dump^, n., 2, + of din, V. Cf. dunt dint, dulll- =
dilf^, etc. The = Now would Aristotle deny such speakyng, & a Duna
dim. -/iji>/.] 1. A
kind of pudding or mass of use of the wonl as in II. is modern, and may man would make xx. distinctions. Tyndale, Works, p. 8S.
boiled paste, or a wrapping of paste in which be of other origin.] I.t intrans. To make a How thinke you ? is not this a likely answere for a great
fruit is boiled. loud noise ; din. doctoiir of diuinitle? for a great Du»s man! fur so great
Onr banest neighliour's gooae and dumpUtu' "Be. *" H. trans. To demand payment of a debt a preaclier ? Barnes, Works, p. 232.
eaUnstt*, Vlau, x. from ; press or urge for payment or for fulfil- duncepoll (duns'pol), n. A dunce. [Prov. Eng.]
8. Adwarf. [Prov. Eng.1 — scotch dumpling, ment 01 an obligation of any kind. Duncert, "• [< I>unce, Duns (i. e.. Duns Scotus
the stomach of a obd stuffed with cho|>|ie<l cod-liver ami I scorn to push a lodger fur his pay so I let day after ; see dunce), + -eri.] A Dunce-man. Becon.
eom-mral, and boiled. day pass on without dumtitiff the old gentleman for a far-
dumpling-duck, n. See duek^. thing. Irving, Kiiickerbocker, p. 19.
dnncery (dun'sfer-i), n. [Formerly dunsery and
dunstery ; < duttce -V -ery.J Dullness ; stupidity.
dumpy' (ilum'pi), a. [< dtimpl -yl.] Dimip- + dnn^ (dun), n. [< dun^, r.] 1. One who duns
ish; sad; soiky. [Bare.] T-et make thee zealous,
every indignation as the dunnttry
an importunate creditor, or an agent employed of tlie monks made Erasmus studious.
Tbe nreet, ooorteoaa, amiable, and good-natured Satur- to collect debts. Ward, Sermons, p. 8S.
S.
day Keriew baa dumpf miaglvingi upon the same point
It grieves my heart to be pulled by the sleeve by some The land had once infranchls'd her self from this Imper-
Sev York Trilmiu. rascally dun, "Sir, remember my bllL
'
tinent yoke of prclaty, under whose inqtiisitoriiis and ty-
dnmpy^ (dnm'pi), a. and n. [< dumj>2, n., + Arbuthnot, BUt. John Bull. rannical duticen/ no free and splendid wit can flourish,
Milton, Cliurch-tiovernment, Prcf., iU
-yt.J L
a. Short and thick ; sqnat. Has his distresses too, I warrant, like a lord, and affects
With the occasional duncery of some untoward tyro
credlton and dum. Sheridan, School for Scandal, liL 2.
ller stature tall — I hate a dumpy woman.
serving for a refreshing interlude.
Aynm, Don Joan, L 61. 2. A demand for
the payment of a debt, espe- Lamb, Old and New Schoolmaster.
Be had a round head, snngly-trimmed beard slightly cially a written one;
a dimning-letter : as, to
dashed with gray, was short and a trifle stout —
King send one's debtor a dun. dunce-table (duns'ta'bl), »i. An inferior table
thooght, dumpy. C. D. Warner, Their Pilgrimage, p. 185. provided in some inns of court for the poorer
dnn* (dun; AS. and Ir. pron. dSn), n. [Of Cel- or duller students. [Eng.]
H. n. ; pi. dumpies (-piz). 1. A
specimen of tic origin Ir. dun Gael, dun, a hill, fort, town, ; = Dyce.
a breed of the domestic hen in which the bones W. din, a hill-fort > AS. dun, E. downi, a hill A phlegmatic cold piece of stuff his father, methinks,
;
:

should be one of the dunce-tabU-, and one that never drunk

of the legs are remarkably short. Also called see dotrni.] hill; a mound; a fortified emi- A
rrrepfT. —
2. Same as dumpy-level. nence. This word enters into the composition of many
strong beer in 's life but at festival-times.
Dekkerand Ford, Sun's Darling, v. 1.
dumpy-level (dum'pi-lev'el), n. A form of place-names in Great Britain, frequently under the modi-
Mpint-levol much used in England, esx>ecially fled forms dum-, don., -don (as well as doirn, which see): as,
dunch^ (dunch), V. t. or i. [Also written dunsh ;
Dunstable, i>unmow, Dundee, Dunbar, jTumfries, Dum- < ME. dunchen, push, strike, < Sw. dunka, beat,
for rough and rapid work. lu superiority consisu barton, Z>oncaster, i>onegal,
principally in its sininliclty and cunipactneas. The tele-
etc. throb, Dan. duukc, thump, knock, throb, = =
scope is of Short local length, whence the name dumpy- The Dun was of the tame form as the Rath, bnt consist- Icel. dunka (Haldorsen), give a hollow sound.]
ImN, or simply dumpy, as It Is frequently called. It is ing of at least two concentric circular mounds or walls, To push or jog, as with the elbow; nudge.
bo called the Gracatt level, after the name of the in- with a deep trench full of water lM?twcen them. They
were often encircled by a third, or even l)y a greater num- [Scotch and prov. Eng.]
ventor. In tbe dampy the lerel Is placed upon the tele-
licr of wails, atlncreaslngdlstances; but this circumstance " Ve needna lie duTwhin that gate [way], John," contin-
scope (not under it, as in the Y-level), and Is fastened at
one end with a hlnfce, and at the other with a capstan- made no alteration in the form or in the signiflcation of ued the old lady " naelx)dy says that ye ken whar the ;

beail>~l w-rew. See YUvtl. the name. O'Curry, Anc. Irish, II. xix. brandy comes from." Scott, Old Mortality.
dumreicherite (dOm'ri-6h6r-it), n. p^amed dunbird(dun'b6rd),n. 1. The common pochard dunch* (dunch), a. [Appar. a 'var. of dunce.]
after Huron von DMmreicher of Lisbon.] A hy- or red-headed duck, Fuligula ferina. 2. The Deaf. Grose. [Prov. Eng.] —
drous sulphate of magnesium and aluminium, ruddy duck, Krismatura rubida. Nuttall, 18.34. dunche-downf, dunse-downt, «• [So called
related to the alnms, found in the volcanic —
3. The female scaup duck, FuXigula marila. "bycauso the downo of this herbe will cause
rocks of the Cape Verd islands. [Essex, Eng.] one to be deafe, if it happens to fall into the
 ; ;

dnnche-down 1798 dtmite

ears, as Matthiolus writeth" (Lyte, 1578); < The Spaniards neared and neared the fatal dunes which underground part was often used aa a prison. Also called
duHch''^ +
dowiiS.'] The herb reed-mace, Typlia fringed tlie shore for many a dreary mile.
Kiwjsley, Westward Ho, xxxi.
keep, dungeon-keep, or tower. See cut under castle. [In
iatifoUa. this sense also written donjon, a spelling preferred by
Then along the sandy margin some English writers but there is no historical distinc-
dnncicalt (dun'si-kal), a. [Formerly also duti- tion.]
;

Of the lake, the Big-Sea- Water,

cieall, diiiisieal, duintical; < dunce
Tiike a dunce.
-ic-al.'] + On he sped with frenzied gestures, . . .
Hence — 2. Aolosec^ll; a deep, dark place of
Till the sand was blown and sifted confinement.
The most dull and duneicaU commissioner, Like great snowdrifts o'er the landscape.
Heaping all the shore with Sand Dunes. A-twene theis tweyn a gret comparison
PlUler, Ch. Hist., VIII. ii. 26. Kyng Alysaunder, he conqueiTyd alle
Longfellow, Hiawatha, xl. ;

I have no patience with the foolish duncical dog. Dyogenes lay in a smalle dongeon,
Richardson, Clarissa Harlowe, VIII. 100.
The long low dune, and lazy-plunging sea. In sondre wedyrs which turnyd as a balle.
Tennyson, Last Tournament. Political Poenis, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 27.
dnncifyf (dun'si-fi), v. t. [< dunce + -i-fy, dune^ (diin), [See dMw3.] An ancient fort
re. They brought him [Joseph] hastily out of the dungeon.
make.] To make dull or stupid ; reduce to the Gen. xli.
with a hemispherical or conical roof. [Scotch.] 14.
condition of a dunce.
dunfish (dun'fish), n. [< rf««i, a. and v. t., + The King
of Heaven hath doom'd
Here you have a fellow ten thousand times more dunci- This place our dungeon, not our safe retreat.
fish.'i Codfish cured by dunning, especially for
Jied than dunce Webster. Milton, P. L., ii. 317.
Warburton, To Hurd, Letters, cxxx. use on the table uncooked. The fish are first slack-
salted and cured, then taken down cellar and allowed to dungeon (dun'jun), v. t. [< dungeon, n.] To
dnncisll (dun'sish), a. [< dunce + -ishK] Like "give up," and then dried again. Great pains are taken confine in or as in a dungeon.
a dunce; sottish. Imp. Diet. in this mode
of preparation, even to the extent of cover-
Dungeoned up in the darkness of our ignorance.
duncislmess (dun'sish-nes), The character n. ing the "fagots" with bed-quilts to keep them clean.
[New Eng.] Bp. Hall, Kemains, p. 128.
or quality of a dunce folly. Westminster Rev.
;
You said nothing
dun-cow (dun'kou), n. In Devonshire speech, dungl (dung), n. [< ME.
dung, dong, rarely Of how I might be dungeoned as a madman.
di7ig, < AS. dung, also dyng (in glosses badly Shelley, The Cenci, Ii. 1.
the shagreen ray, Baia fullonica, a batoid fish.
duncur (dung'kfer), n. The pochard or dun- written dingc and dinig) =OFries. dung.Fries. dungeoner (dun'jim-er), n. One who impris-
bird. Also duiiker. [Prov. Eng.] =
dong OHGr. tunga, MHG. tunge, dung, G. dung ons or keeps in jail; a jailer. [Poetical.]
Dundee pudding. See pudding. (with LG. d) (at. MHG. tunger, G. diinger, ma-
That most hateful land,
dunder^ (dun'der), n. A
dialectal variant of nure) =
Sw. dynga, muck, =
Dan. dynge, a heap, Dungeoner of my friend. Keats, To .

hoard, mass. Hence dingr^l.] The excrement

thutider.
of animals ; ordure feces. dung-fly (dung'fli), n. dipterous insect of A
dnnder^ (dun'dfer), n. Lees; dregs; eiSpecially,
;
the genus Scatophaga.
the lees of cane-juice, which are used in the Thei that kepen that Hows coveren hem with Hete of
Hors Doti^, with outen Henne, Goos, or Doke, or ony other dung-fork (dung'f6rk), n. 1. fork used in A
West Indies in the distillation of rum. Foul. MandemUe, Travels, p. 49. moving stable-manure. Also muck-fork. 2. —
The use of dunder in the making of rum answers the In entom., a pointed or forked process upon
purpose of yeast in the fermentation of For over colde doo [put] douves dounge at eve
flour. Edwards. Aboute her roote. which the larva; of certain coleopterous insects
dunderbolt (dun'dSr-bolt), n. [A dial. var. of Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 189. carry about their own excrement, as in the
thunderbolt.'} A fossU belemnite; a thunder- Pigeon dung approaches guano In its power as manure. genera Cassida, Coptocycla, and the Uke. See
stone. Davies. Encyc. Brit., XII. 233. cut under Coptocycla.
For "the reumatis" boiled dunderbolt is the sovereign dtingl (dung), V. [< ME. dungen, dongen (with dunghill (dung'hil), n. and a. [Early mod. E.
remedy, at least in the West of Coniwall,
Polwhele, Traditions and Recollections (1826),
restored vowel), < AS. ge-dyngan =
OPries. also dunghil, dunghille; < ME. donghyll, donghel,
II, 607.
donga, denga MHG. tungen, G. dungen, dung, etc.; < dung + hill^.] I. n. 1. heap of dung.
= A
dnnderfunk (dun'dfer-fungk), n. The name
given by sailors to a dish made by soaking ship-
manure (cf. Dan. dynge =
Sw. dynga, heap, Salt is good, but if salt vanysche, in what thing schal
hoard, amass); from the noun.] I. trans. 1. it be sauered ? Neither in erthe, neither in donghilte it is
biscuit in water, mixing it with fat and mo- To cover with dung; manure with or as with profitable. Wyclif, Luke xiv.
lasses, and baking in a pan. Also called dandy- dung. Shine not on me, fair Sun, though thy brave Ray
funk. And, warring with success. With safety can the foulest dunghils kiss.
Dung Isaac's Fields with forrain carcasses. J. Beaumont, Psyche, ii. 135.
Ounderhead (dun'd6r-hed), n. [Orig. E. dial.,
appar. < dunder^, =
thunder (cf. Sc. donnard, Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii,. The Schisme.
And he answering
Hence — 2.
Figuratively (a) mean or vile— A
stupid, appar. of same ult. origin), + head. Cf. said unto him. Lord, let it alone this abode. (6) .Any degraded situation or condition.
year also, I shall dig about it, and dung it.
equiv. dunderpate, dunderpoU.'] dunce; a A till
Luke xiii, 8,
He lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill.
. . .

numskull. 1 Sam. ii. 8.

This ground was dunged, and ploughed, and sowed.
I mean your grammar, O thou dunderhead. Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, p. 254.
(c) A man meanly bom: a term of abuse.
Fletcher (and another). Elder Brother, ii. 4. Out, dunghill dar'st thou brave a nobleman ?
2. In calico-printing, co
immerse in a bath of !

Here, without staying for my reply, shall I be called as Shak., K, John, Iv. 3.
many blockheads, numskulls, dotldypoles, dunderheads,
cow-dung and warm water in order to remove
nimiy-liammers, Ac. Sterne, Tristram Shandy, ix. 25. the superfluous mordant. II, a. Sprung from the dunghill; mean;
II, intrans. To void excrement.
low; base.
dunderheaded (dun ' d6r - hed " ed), a. Like a Unfit are dunghill knights
dunderliead or dunce. G. A. Sola. dung2 (dung). Preterit and past participle of
To serve the town with spear in field. Qooge.
dunderpate (duu'der-pat) n. [< dunder''- (see You must not suffer your thoughts to creep any longer
dunderliead) + pate.'\ Same as dunderhead. dungaree (dung-ga-re'), «. [Anglo-Ind., low, upon this dunghill earth.
Many a dunderpate,
common, vulgar.]
like the owl, the stupidest of birds,
coarse cotton stuff, gen- "
A Bp. Beveridge, Works, II, cxxxvii.
comes to be considered the very type of wisdom. erally blue, worn by sailors.
Dunghill fowl, a mongrel or cross-bred specimen of the
IrciTiff, Knickerbocker, p. 148. The crew have all turned tailors, and are making them- common hen a barn-yard fowl, ;

selves new suits from some dungaree we bought at Val- dunghill-raker (dung'hil-ra'kfer), n. The com-
dunderpoU (dun'd6r-p61), n. [< dunder^ (see paraiso. Lady Brassey, Voyage of Sunbeam, I. xii. mon dunghill fowl. [A nonce-word.]
dunderhead) + poll^.] Same as dunderhead.
BalHwell. [Prov. Eng. (Devonshire).] dung-bath (dung'bath), n. In dyeing, a bath The dunghill-raker, spider, hen, the chicken too, to me
dnnder-whelp (dun'dfer-hwelp), n. [< dunder^ used in mordanting, composed of water in have taught a lesson, Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, ii.
(see dunderhead) + whelp.'] A dunderhead; which a small proportion of cows' or pigs' dung, dung-hook (dung'huk), n. An agricultural im-
a blockhead. or some substitute for it, has been dissolved, plement for spreading manure.
What a puiblind puppy was I now I remember him with a certain amount of chalk to remove the dung-hunter (dung'hun'ter), n. One of the
!

All the whole cast on 's face, though it were umber'd, acetic acid from the printed material. See species of jaeger or skua-gull, of the genus Ster-
And mask'd with patches : what a dunder-whelp, dunging. corarius. The birds are so called from their supposed
To let him domineer thus 1
dung-beetle (dung'be'tl), ». 1. A common Eng- habits but in reality they harass other gulls and terns to
;

Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, make them disgorge

iii. 1.
lish name of the dor or dor-beetle, Geotrypes their food, not to feed upon their ex-
—
dun-diver (dun'di"v6r), n. 1. The female mer- stercorariiis. 2. pi. A general name of the crement. Also called dung-bird and dirty-alien.
ganser or goosander, Mergus merganser: so group of scarabs or scarabseoid beetles which dunging (dung'ing), n. [Verbal n. of dung^, v.]
called from the dun or brown head. —
2. The roll up balls of dung; the tumblebugs or dung-
In dyeing, the mordanting of goods by passing
ruddy duck, Erismatura rubida. [New York, chafers, as the sacred beetle of the Egyptians. them through a dung-bath (which see). In mod-
U.S.] J. E.DeEay,\Ui^. ern practice substitutes are used.
See cuts under Copris and Scarabceus.
Dundubia (dun-du'bi-a), n. [NL. (Amyot and dung-bird (dung'berd), n. Same as dung-hunt- dungiyah (dung'gi-ya), n. A coasting-vessel
Serville, 1843) (so called from the resonant in use in the Persian gulf, on the coasts of
er. See badoch. [Prov. Eng.]
drumming sound which these insects emit), < dung-chafer (dung'cha^ffer), n. A name given Arabia, and especially in the gulf of Cutch.
The dungiyahs sail with the monsoon, and arrive often in
Hind. 8kt. dundubhi, a drum, < Hind, dund.'] to various coleopterous insects of the family large companies at Muscat, celebrating their safe arrival,
A remarkable genus of homopterous insects, ScarabceidcB, and especially of the genus Geo- witli salvos of artillery, music, and flags. They are flat-
containing the largest and most showy species trypes, which frequent excrement for the pur- bottomed and broad-beamed, have generally one mast, fre-
of the family Cicadidce, or cicadas. longer quently than the vessel, and are in other respects
D. im- pose of depositing their eggs; a dung-beetle. rigged like the baggala. The model is supposed to date
peratoria is the largest hemipteran known, dungeon (dun'jun), n. [Also archaically in from the expedition of Alexander,
expanding 8 inches, of a rich orange-color, and some senses donjon ; < ME. dongeon, dongeoun, dungmere (dung'mer), ». A pit where dung,
is a native of Borneo. dongon, dongoun, donyon, donioun, etc., a dun- weeds, etc., are mixed, to rot together for ma-
dunei (dun), n. [Partly a dial, form (also dene) of geon (in both uses), < OF. dongeon, dongon, nure. E.Phillips,yiO<i; Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.]
down^, and partly < P. dune =
Sp. Pg. It. duna, a donjon, etc., F. donjon =
Pr. donjon, dompnhon, dungy (dung'i), a. [< dung -y^. Cf dingyi.] + .

dune, =
Or. dune, a dune, =
Dan. Sw. dyner, pi., domejo (ML. reflex dunjo{n-), dungeo(n-), don- Full of dung; foul; vile.
< LG. diinen, pi., =
Fries, diinen (also diininge, jio(n-), dangio{n-), domgio(n-), etc.), < ML. There's not a grain of it [honesty], the face to sweeten
dum) =
D. duin, a dune, =
E. down^, a hill see : domnio(n-), a dungeon (tower), contr. from Of the whole dungy earth. Shak., W. T., ii. 1.
dojcni.] A
mound, ridge, or hill of loose sand, and a particular use of ML. dominio(n-), do- yard or inclosure A
heaped up by the wind on the sea-coast, or rare- main, dominion, possession: see dominion, do-
dung-yard (dung'yard), m.
ly on the shore of a large lake, as on Lake Su- where dung is collected.
main, demain, demesne.'] 1. The principal tow-
perior. Hills of loose sand at a distance from the coast, er of a medieval castle, it was usually raised on a
dunite (dun'it), «. [So called from l>un Moun-
or in the interior of a cormtry, are soinetinies called by tain, near Nelson, New Zealand.]
natural or artificial mound and situated in the innermost
rock con- A
French authors dune»; but this is not the usage in Eng- court or bailey, and formed a last refuge into which the sisting essentially of a crystalline granular mass
llah. Jkiaodoum. garrison could retreat la case of necessity. Its lower or of olivin with chromite or picotite, containing
 —
dnnlte 179» duodenal
also frequently more or less of various other dnnner (dun'fer), n. One who duns; one em- dunter-goose (dun'tfer-gos), n. Same as dun-
minerals, alteration products of the olivin. ployed in soliciting payment of debts. ter. Symonds.
Dunite appears to be frequently more or less They are ever talking of new silks, and serve the owners duntle (dun'tl), V. t. ; pret. and pp. duntled, ppr.
altered into .seqjentine. in getting them customers, as their common duntterg do duntliug. [Freq. of dtjni.] To dent; mark with
in making them pay. Spectator. an indentation. [Prov. Eng.]
dmuwassal, dunniewassal (diin-i-was'al), «.
[Bepr. Gael. a gentleman duirie, a dunniewassal, «. See duniwassal.
</«i«' «<'*«/, : His cap is duntled in ; his back bears fresh stains of
man i«i»a/, gentle.] Among the Highlanders dnnniness (<lun'i-nes), n. [< dunny + -ness.']
;
peat. Kingdey, Two Years Ago, Int.
of Scotland, a gentleman, especially one of sec- Deafness. Bailey, 1731. [Kare.] duo (dii'6), n. [It., a duet, also two, < L. duo
ondary rank; a cadet of a family of rank. dunning (dun'ing), n. [Verbal n. of rfunl, r.] = E. two.] The same as duet, a distinction is
His bonnet had a short feather, which indicated his The process of curing codfish in a way to give sometimes made by using d\iet for a two-part composition
cUlm to be treated as a Duinhe-WattUl, or sort of gentle- them a particular color and flavor. See dioii, for two voices or instruments of the same kind, and duo
man. Seott, Warerley, xvi. for such a composition for two voices or instruments of
r. t., and dunfish.
different kinds.
dnnkadoo (dung-ka-dS'), u. [Imitative.] The dnnnish (dun'ish), a. [< dun^ + -»«7»l.] In-
(Lord's Day.) Up, and, while I^taid for the barber, tried
Aimriean bitteru,\Boto«r«s mugitans or lenti- clined to a dun color; somewhat dun.
to compose a duo of counter point : and 1 think it will do
qinnsiis. [Local, New Eng.] dtumock (dun'ok), n. [E. dial. (Northampton) very well, it being by Mr. Berkenahaw's rule.
I)tmkard (dung'kard), «. Same as Dunker^. also doney; < ME. donek, < donnen, dunnen, dun, Pepyg, Diary, II. 312.

Near at hand was the meeting.house of a sect of German

+ dim. -ek, -ock. Cf. donkey.] The hedge- duo-. [li. duo-, duo, Gr. rfuo-, ivo E. tioo.] = =
Quakers— Tonken or Dunkanbt, as they are differently sparrow, Accentor modularis. Also dick-dun- A
prefix in words of Latin or Greek origin,
named. *. A. Rev., CXXVI. S155. nock. MacgilUvray. meaning two.' '

Dnnker^ Ttmker (dung'-, tung'kfer), n. [< G. Hareton has been cast out like an unfledged duniwck. duodecanedral, duodecahedron (du-o-dek-a-
tuiiLvr, a dipper, < tunken, MHG. tunken, dunken,
E. Bronte, Wuthering Heights, iv. he'dral, -dj'on). See dodecahedral, dodecalie-
OHG. tUHchoH, duncMn, thunkon, dip, immerse, dunny (dun'i), a. [E. dial.; origin obscure. dron.
perhaps ult. =
L. tingere Gr. =
wet, riyyetv, Cf. aonnerd.'] duodecennial (du'6-de-sen'i-al), a. [< LL.
Deaf; dull of apprehension.
moisten, dye, stain : see tinge.'] member of A [Local, Great Britain.] duodecennis, of twelve years (i L. duodecim,
a sect of German-American Baptists, so named My old dame, Joan, is something dunny, and will scarce twelve, annus, a year), -al.] Consisting of + +
from their manner of baptism. Their proper know how to manage. Scott. twelve years. Ash.
church-name ia Brethren. Driven from Germany t»y per-
•ecution early in the eighteenth centur>', they took ref- dunpickle (dun'pikl), n. The raoor-buzzard. duodecimal (du-o-des'i-mal), a. and n. [< L.
Circus wruginosus. Montagu. [Local, Eng.]
duodecim (= Gr. Svuieaa, Smcko), twelve (< duo
nge in Pennsylvania, and thence extended tlieir societies
Into neightiorinK .States, and are especially found in Ohio. dunrobin (dim'rob'in), n. superior kind of E. tKO,
Adecern E. ten), -al. = Cf. dozen, + = +
They condemn all war and litigation, acknowledge the au- Scotch pliiid. ult. < duodecim, and see decimal.] I. a. Beck-
thority of the Bible, administer baptism by triple immer- oning by twelves and powers of twelve: as,
sion, and only to adults, practise washing of the feet liefore dunst, dunset, «. Obsolete forms of dunce.
Che Lord's supper, use the kias of charity, Uyingon of hands, dunse-downt, « See dunche-down, duo^cimal multiplication.
and anointing with oil, and oljeerve a severe simplicity in dunseryt, " An obsolete form of duncery. The duodecimal system in liquid measures, which .Is
dreM and speech. They have bishops, elders, and teachers, [A book-form repr. AS. found elsewhere, appears to be derived from the Babylo-
and are oommoDly soppoeed to accept the doctrine of uni- dnnsett
(dun'set), «.
nians. V(tn Jianke, Univ. Hist, (trans.), p. 19.
Tenal redemption. Also called Dipper. dunsSte, dUnsete, pi., a term applied to a cer-
dnnker- (dung'k^r), n. Same as duncur. tain division of the Welsh people, lit. hill-dwell- Duodedmal arithmetic or scale. See duodenary arith-
viftic or scale, under duodenary.
Dvinkirk lace. Seie kiee. ers, < din, a hill (see (toirnl), steta (= OHG. +
n. ». 1. One of a system of numerals the
dunlin (dun'lin), n. [A
dunlintj, the proper form, < dun^
corruption of E. dial. sdio), a dweller, settler, < sittan (pret. stet), sit.
base of which is twelve. 2. pi. An arithmeti-
dim. -ling^. Cf. coteef.] One of the hill-dwellers of Wales; cal rule for ascertaining the number of square
+
—
Cf. dunbird, dunnoek.'j The red-backed sand- a settler in a hill country. feet, twelfths of feet, and square inches in a
piper, Tringa (Pelidna) alpina, widely dispersed dunsh, <°. ' See dunch^. rectangular area or surface whose sides are
and very abundant in the northern hemisphere, dunaicalt, a. See dundcal. given in feet and inches and twelfths of inches.
especially along sea-coasts, during the extensive dunslyt, Duns-mant. See duncely. Dunce-man. The feet of the multiplier are first multiplied into the
dunst (dunst), II. Akiudof flour; flue semolina feet, Inches, and twelfths of the multiplicaml, giving
without bran or germs. The Miller (London). S4|uare feet, twelfths, and inches. The inches of the mul-
are then multiplied into the feet and inches of the
dunstable (duu'sta-bl), a. and n. [In allusion tiplier multiplicand, giving twelfths of feet and square inches,
to Dunstable in England, the adj. use (as in and finally the twelfths of inches of the multiiilier are
def.) being derived &om the word as used in the multiplied into the feet of the multiplicand, giving s<]iiaro
phrase Dunstable road or icny.] I,t a, [cap.] Inches. These three partial products are then ndiltd to-
gether to get the product sought. It is used by artificers.
Plain; direct; simple; downright. duwiecimal cross multiplication.
Also called or
Your uncle Is an odd, but a very honest, Dunstable soul. duodecimally (du - o - des ' i - mal - i), adv. In a
liichardton, .Sir Charles Grandison, VI. 177.
duoilocimnl manner; bjr twelves.
Dnnatable road, way, "r blgbway, the way to Dun-
duodecimfid (du'o-de-sim'fid), a. [< L. duode-
used proverbially as a symlKU of plainness or di-
stable
rectness.
:

cim, twelve, + -fiJius, < finderc, cleave, split (=

E. bite) : see fission, etc.] Divided into twelve
"Asplain as DumtabU road." It is applied to things
plain and simple, wlthoat welt or guard to adorn them, as parts.
slso to matters easie and obvious to be found. duodecimo [Orig.
(da-o-des'i-mo), «. and a.
Fuller, Worthies, Bedfordshire. in L. (NL.) phrase in duodecimo: prep., in, =
There were some good walkers among them, that walked E. in; duodecimo, abl. of duodecimus, twelfth,
in the Idngs
(foMs way.
hii^ way ordinarily, uptlghtljr, plaine Z>t/n-
hatxmer, Hermons.
< duodecim, twelve.] I. n. 1. size of page A
Dnalia {Peti^tui paei/leu ), imniiMr pjiilsgr.
Ullilli sii tai
usually measuring, in the United States, about
n. n. A
fabric of woven or plaited straw, 5i inches in width and 7| inches in length,
migrations it performs between its arctic breed- originally made at Dunstable in England. Also
ing-grounds and its temperate or tropical win-
when the leaf is uncut, and corresponding to
ter resorta. TIm dnnlin i« 8 Inches long, the bill an
used attributively: as, a dunstableh&t or bon- crown octavo of British publishers. 2. book — A
Inch or more, slightly decurved ; in fnll drMS the belly Is
net. composed of sheets which, when folded, form
Jet-black, tbe npper puts varied with brown, gray, and dnnstert (dun'st^r), n. 1. kind of broad- A twelve leaves of this size. 3. In music, the in- —
reddish. The American dunlin Is a dilTerent variety, some- cloth : so cidled in the seventeenth century. terval of a twelfth. E. D.
what larger with a longer w
more decnrved bill, the Pe- 2. Casdmere. H. a. Consisting of sheets folded into twelve
Urfna paeinea of Cones. The dunlin is also called etint,
pvm^ oxJtini, indl9.eye, ua-mipe, pickerel, etc. dnnt (dnnt), n. [A var. of dint, dent, < ME. leaves having leaves or pages measuring about
;

dunt, dynt, etc.: see dint and dent^.] 1. A 5t by 7J inches. Often written 12mo or 12°.
dnnling (dun 'ling), n. A dialectal (and origi-
stroke ; a blow. [Scotch and prov. Eng.] duodecimole (du-o-des'i-mol), «. [< L. duo-
niiUy more correct) form of
dunlin.
I hae a gude braid sword, decimus, twelfth: 'see duodecimo.] In music, a
donlop fdun'lop), n. A
rich white kind of I'll t»k <funf< frae naelmdy. group of twelve notes to be performed in the
cheese made in Scotland out of unskimmed my Aln.
BurTu, I ha'e a Wife o*
time of eight; a dodecuplet.
milk: so called from the parish of Dunlop in
Ayrshire.
2. A malady characterized by staggering, ob- DuodeciinpennatsB (dii'6-de-sim-pe-na'te),
served particularly in yearling lambs. [Prov. n. pi. [NL., < L. duodecim, twelve, + penna-
dnniutge (dun'aj), n. [Origin unknown.] 1.
Fagots, boughs, or loose wood laid in the hold
Eng.] —
3. Palpitation. Dunglison. [Scotch.] tus, winged, feathered.] In ornith., in Sunde-
dunt (dunt), r. [A var. of dint, dent^: see dint, vall's system, a cohort of Gallinw, composed of
of a ship to raise heavy goods above the bot- dent^, p.] I. trans. 1. To strike; give a blow the American curassows and guans, Crarida;:
tom ana prevent injury from water ; also, loose to ; knock. [Scotch and prov. Eng.] so called from the 12 reetriees or tail-feathers.
artielefl of lading wedged between parts of the
Fearing the wrathful ram might dunt out the Also called Sylvicolte.
.
cargo to hold them steady and prevent injury he had any, of the yoons cavalier they opened
. .

from (rietion or collision.

brains, if
duodecuple (du-o-dek'u-pl), a. [= F. duodi-
We covered the bottom of the hold over, tore and aft,
the door. OaU, Rtngan Gilhaize, ll. 220.
cuple =
Sp. duodecuplo' =: Pg. It. duodecuplo, <
wtth dried bmab for duisna<7r.
2. In packing herrings, to jump upon (the head L. duo, E. two, =
decupltis, tenfold: see de- +
A a. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, of the barrel) in order to pack it more tightly. cuple and duodecimal.] Consisting of twelves.
2. Baggage.
p. a04.
[Local, Canadian J —
3. To confuse by noise; duodena, n. Plural of duodenum.
Bnt Barnacle soaneated, as some of the dtmntioe and stupefy. [Prov. Eng.] duodenal^ (du-o-de'nal), a. [= F. duod^al =
the tent would need to be dried before being packed, that n. intrans. To beat ; palpitate, as the heart. Sp. Pg. duodenal It. duodenale; as duodenum =
we build a &re ontsida. [Scotch.] -al.] +
Connected with or relating to the duo-
C. A. SeiM, Cmlse of Aurora 08S5), p. lOS.
While my heart wi' life-blood dutUed, denum: as, "duodenal dyspepsia," Copland. —
dnnnage (dun'aj), and pp. dunnaged,
r. (. pret. I'd bear't in mind. fold, a special loop or duplication of the duo-
Duodenal
;
Tostowwith Burm, To Mr. denuni. iu which the pancreas is lodged in ninny animals,
Mitchell.
PX>T. dunnaging. [(. dunnage, n."]
especially in liirds, where it forms the most constant
fagots or loose wood, as the bottom of a ship's dunter (dun't^r), n. [Sc., perhaps so called anil characteristic folding of the intestine.— Duodenal
hold wedge orehock, as cargo. See dunnage, n. from its waddling
; gait, < dunt, v.] The eider- glands. See fftand.
Vessels traadnlentlydunnafleif for the purpose of redu.
duck, Somateria tnolliasitna. Montagu. [Local, duodenal^ (dii-6-de'nal), a. and n. [< duodene
dag their tonnaga. The Amerieam, <82. VUL BriUsh.] + -al.] I. a. I'ertaining to a duodene.
 :; — . —

dnodenal 1800 duplication

n. In musical
n. theory, the symbol of the of (supposed) stupid birds to stupid persons, cf 2. In physiol., to divide into two by natural
root of a duodene. booby, goose, gull, and (in Pg.) dodo. Cf. Bret. growth or spontaneous division : as, some in-
duodenary (du-o-den'a-ri), a. [= F. dnod6naire houperik, a hoopoe, a dupe.] person who is A fusorians duplicate themselves.
= Sp. Pg. It. duodenario, < L. duodenarius, con- deceived one who is led astray by false repre-
; II. intrans. To become double ; repeat or be
taining twelve, < duodeni, twelve each, < duo- sentations or conceptions; a victim of credu- repeated; specifically, in ecclesiastical use, to
decim, twelve.] Relating to the number twelve lity: as, the dujK of a designing rogue he is a ; celebrate the mass or holy communion twice in
twelvefold; increasing by twelves Duodenary dupe to his imagination. the same day. See duplication.
or duodecimal ariUimetlc'or scale, that system in
whiL-h the local value of the tigui-es im-reases in a twelve- First slave to words, then vassal to a name, The desires of man, if they pass through an even and in-
fold proportion from right to left, insteail of in the ten- Tlien dupe to party ; child and man the same. different life towards the issues of an ordinary and neces-
fold pr^>portion of the common decimal arithmetic. Pope, Dunciad, iv. 602. sary course, they are little, and within command but if ;

He that hates truth shall be the dupe of lies. they pass upon an end or aim of difficulty or ambition,
dtiodene (dii'o-den), K. [< L. duodeni, twelve they duplicate, and grow to a disturbance.
each: see duodenary, Cf. duodenum.'] In mu- Cowper, Progress of Error.
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 104.
sical theory, a group of twelve tones, having pre- When the spirit is not master of the world, then it is its
dupe. Emerson, Essays, 1st ser., p. 229. has to duplicate, i. e., to celebrate twice in
If the Priest
cise acoustical relations with one another, ar- one day, he must not drink the ablutions, which must be
ranged so as to explain and correct problems in dupe (dup), V. t. ; pret. and pp. duped, ppr. poured into a chalice and left for liim to consume at the
harmony and modulation. Any tone whatever may duping. [< F. duper, dupe, gull, take in; from second celebration. For to drink the ablutions would be
be chosen as the root, and ita symbol is called a dnodenal. the noun.] To deceive; trick; mislead by im- to break his fast.
The root, the major third above, and the major third be- posing on one's credulity as, to dupe a person F. G. Lee, Directorium Anglicanum, 4th ed. (1879), p. 248.
:
low it constitute the initialtrine. The duodene consists by flattery. duplicate (du'pli-kat), a. and ti. [= It. dupli-
of four such trines, one being the initial trine, one a per-
fect fifth below it, one a perfect fifth above it, and one Ne'er have I duped him with base counterfeits. cato =
D. duplikaat =
G. Dan. dupUkat, < L.
two perfect fifths above it. The term and the process of Coleridge. duplicatus, pp. of duplicare, make double : see
analysis to which it belongs were first used by A. J. Ellis Instead of making civilization the friend of the poor, it duplicate, vi] I. a. 1. Double; twofold; con-
in England in 1874. The study of the process is incident [the theory of social equality] has duped the poor into sisting of or relating to a pair or pairs, or to two
to the attempt to secnre just intonation (pure tempera- making themselves the enemies of civilization. corresponding parts: as, duplicate spines in an
W. H. Matlock, Social Equality, p. 211.
duodenitis (du'o-dMu'tis), w. [NL., < dt/orfc- insect; duplicate examples of an ancient coin;
j„„„„. .i.4.„ , „„vi» o J ^
num + .itis.-\ liflammatiok of the duodenum. OliPeaDility. dupeable.
I-,;
See dupabthty, dupa- duplicate proportion. —
2t. Consisting of a dou-
duodenostomy (du"o-de-nos'to-mi), n. NL. ^,'f." ,,^,-,,^.^s „
[<
ble number or quantity; multiplied by two.
duodenum, q. v., + (Jr. arS/^a, mouth, opening.] dliperjdu pfer), n. [< dupe + -crl ; after OF. The estates of Bruges little doubted to admit so small a
The surgical formation of an external opening (and F.) dupeur, a deceiver.] One who dupes or numbre into so populous a company, yea though the num-
from the duodenum through the abdominal deceives ; a cheat ; a swindler. bre were duplicate. Hall, Hen. VII., an. 6.

wall. The race-ground had its customary complement of 3. Exactly like or corresponding to something
duodenum (du-o-de'num), n. pi. duodena (-na). knaves and fools — the dupers and the duped. made or done before; repeating an original;
; Bulwer, Pelham, I. xii.
[NL. (so called because in man it is about twelve matched: as, there are many duplicate copies
finger-breadths long),< L. duodeni, twelve each dupery {du'p6r-i), n. [< F. duperie, < dupe, a of this picture ; a duplicate action or proceed-
dupe The art of deceiving or
see dupe, «.]
see duodenary.] 1. In anat., the first portion
of the small intestine, in immediate connection
:

imposing upon the credulity of others the ways ;

—
ing Duplicate proportion or ratio, the proportion
or ratio of .squares thus, in geometrical proportion, the
:

with the Stomach, receiving the hepatic and or methods of a duper. firstterm is said to be to the third in the dujtlicate ratio of
Travelling from town to town in the full practice of du- the first to the second, or as its square is to the square of
pancreatic secretions, and usually curved or the second. Thus, in 9 16 :: 15 25, the ratio of 9 to 25 is
pery and wheedling. /. D' Israeli, Amen, of Lit., I. 304. : :

folded about the pancreas, it extends from the a duplicate of that of 9 to 15, or as the square of 9 is to
pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum. In man it is Itmight be hard to see an end to the inquiry were we the square of 15 also, the duplicate ratio of a to 6 is the
;

from 10 to 12 inches in length. See cuts under alimentary once to set diligently to work to examine and set forth ratio of a a to ft 6 or of a*-^ to W.
and intestine. how much innocent dupery we habitually practise upon II, n. 1. One of two or more things corre-
ourselves in the region of metaphysics.
2. In entom., a short smooth portion of the in- sponding in everj- respect to each other.
Body »"<'"'".
Maudsley, -""^ p. •"
and Will, p- 23.
testine, between the ventriculus and the ileum, . ^
(du f"""-^. Of all these he [Vertue] made various sketches and notes,
. .

found in a few coleopterous insects. Some en

•
en- dupion. doupion -, do pi-on), n. [< F. dou- always presenting a duplicate of his observations to Lord
tomotomists, however, apply this name to the pion, < It. doppione, aug. of doppio, double, < Oxford. Walpole, Life of Vertue.
ventriculus. L. duplus, double: see double, and also dou-
Specifically, in law and com.: (a) An instrument or writ-
duodrama (dii-o-dra'ma), n. [= F. duodrame bloon and dobrao, doublets of dupion.]
= 1. A ing corresponding in every particular to a first or original
It. duodramma, < L. dMoJ'two (= Gr. 6vo double cocoon formed by two silkworms spin-
= and of equal validity with it an adilitioiial original.
E. two),
—
;

+ Gr. dpa/ia, a drama see drama.] : dramatic

ning together. 2. The coarse silk furnished
A Duplicates of dispatches and of important letters are
or melodramatic piece for two performers only. by such double cocoons. frequently sent by another conveyance, as a precaution
The copy which flrat
E. duplation (du-pla'shon), n.
against the risk of a miscarriage.
duoliteral (dii-o-lit'6r-al), a. L. duo, K = [< L. duplus, dou-
+
Multiplication by two; dou- reaches its destination is treated as an original. Wharton.
two, +literal: see literal, letter^.] Consisting
ble, -ation.]
In the case of mutual contracts, such as leases, contracts
of two letters only; biliteral. bling.
of marriage, copartnership, and the like, duplicates of the
duologue (du'o-log), n. [< L. duo, two (= Gr. duple (du'pl), a. [= Sp. Pg. It. duplo, < L. du- deed are frequently prepared, each of which is signed by
ivo = E. two), Gr. Mjoc, speech. Cf. mono- plus, double: see double, the old form.] Dou-
+ all tlie contracting parties; and, where this is done, the
logue, dialogue.] dialogue or piece spoken ble. [Rare in general use.]
A parties are bound if one of the duplicates be regularly ex-
A competent defence of lUyricum was upon a two-fold ecuted, although the other should be defective in tlie ne-
by two persons. cessary solemnities. Bell.
reason established, the duple greatnesse of which busi-
Mr. Ernest Warren's duologue " The Nettle " is simple, ness the emperor having taken in hand affected both.
pretty, and effective. Athenaum, No. 8077. (6)A second copy of a document, furnished by authority
Holland, tr. of Ammianus, p. 101. when the original has been lost, defaced, or invalidated.
1 do not feel that I shall be departing from the rule I
Duple ratio, a ratio such as that of 2 to 1, 8 to 4, etc. 2. One of two or more things each of which
Srescribed to myself at the commencement of this paper,
Subduple ratio is the reverse, or as 1 to 2, 4 to 8, etc.
I touch upon the duoloffue entertainments. corresponds in all essential respects to an origi-
Duple rhsrthm, in music, a rhythm characterized by two nal, type, or pattern another corresponding to
Fortnightly Jiee., N. S,, XXXIX. 644.
beats or pulses to the measure douide time. ;
;

duple (dii'pl), V. t. ; pret. and pp. dupled, ppr. a first or original ; another of the same kind a
duomo (dwo'mo), n. [It., a dome, cathedral: copy: as, a duplicate of a bust.
;

see dome^.] A
cathedral; properly, an Italian dupling. [< duple, a.] To double. [Rare.]
Many duplicates of the General's
cathedral. See dome^. duplet (du'plet), n. [< L. duplus, double, E. + wagon stand about the
Bright vignettes, and each complete,
dim. -et.] A doublet. [Rare.] churcli in every direction.
W. M. Baker, New Timothy, p. 72.
Of tower or duomo, sunny-sweet. That is to throw three dice till duplets and a chance be
Tennyson, The Daisy. thrown, and the highest duplet wins. duplication (dii-pli-ka'shqn), n. [= F. dtipli-
The bishop is said to have decorated the duomo with Dryden, Mock Astrologer, iii. cation = Pr. duplicatio = Sp. dupUeacion = Pg.
500 large and 200 small columns brought from Paros for duplCX (du'pleks), a. and n. [< L. duplex, dou-
duplicagao =
It. dupUcasionc, < L. duplicatio(n-),
the purpose.
C. C. Perkins, Italian Sculpture, Int., p. rxxv., note.
ble, twofold, < duo, E. two,= +
plicare, fold.] I. < duplicare, pp. duplicatus, double : see dupli-
a. Double; twofold. Specifically applied in electricity cate, v.] 1. The act of duplicating, or of mak-
dupt (dup), [Contr. of dial, do up, open, <
V. t. to a system of telegraphy in which two messages are trans- ing or repeating something essentially the same
ME. do up, don up, open : see do\ and of. d!o»i, mitted at the same time over a single wire: it includes as something previously existing or done.
doff, dout^.] To open. both diplex and eontraplex. See these words.— Duplex
However, if two sheriffs appear in one year (as at this
What Devell iche weene, the porters are drunke wil
escapement of a watch. See escapement. Duplex — time and frequently hereafter), such dujdication cometh
! ; Idea, lathe, pelltti. See the nouns.— Duplex querela
they not dup the gate to-day? (eccles.), a. double quarrel (which see, under quarrel). to pass by one of these accidents.
R. Edwards, Damon and Pythias.
II. ». A
doubling or duplicating. Fuller, Worthies, Berkshire.
Then up he rose and donn'd his clothes. duplex (du'pleks), V. 2. In arith., the multiplication of a number by
[< duplex, a.] I, trans.
And dupp'd the chamber door.
Shak., Hamlet,
In teleg., to arrange (a wire) so that two mes- two. —
3. Afolding; adoubling; also, a fold: as,

dupability (du-pa-bil'i-ti), n. [Also written,

iv. 6.
sages may be transmitted along it at the same the duplication of a membrane. 4. tn physiol., —
time. the act or process of dividing into two by natural
less leg., dupeability;"<. dupable: see -bility.]
The quality of being dupable gullibility.
Four perfectly independent wires were practically cre-
ated. . . . Each of these wires was also duplexed.
growth or spontaneous division. 5. Inmusic, —
; the process or act of adding the upper or lower
But thispoor Napoleon mistook ; he believed too much G. B. Prescott, Elect. Invent., p. 219. octaves or replicates to the tones of a melody or
in the dupaMlily of men. Carlyle.
U. intrans. To transmit telegraphic messages harmony. Seedouble,n.a,n<iv. 6. In 6o/., same —
dupable (du'pa-bl), o. [Also written, less reg..
dupeable; < dupe + -able.] Capable of being duplicate (dii'pli-kat), v.; pret. and
by the duplex system. as chorisis. —
7. In admiralty late, a pleading on
pp. dupli- the part of the defendant in reply to the replica-
duped; gullible. cated, ppr. duplicating. [< L. duplica'tus, pp". of tion. Benedict. [Rare.] 8. Ecclcs., the cele- —
Man is adupable animal. Southey, The Doctor, Ixxxvii. duplicare, make double, (duplex (duplic-), dou- bration of the mass or eucharist twice by the
duparted (dii'par-ted), a. E. two,[< L. duo, = ble, twofold: see duplex. Cf. double, v.] I. same priest on the same day. From the sixth cen-
trans. 1. To double; repeat; produce a second tury to the thirteenth, duplication was in many places
+ parted.] In biparted.
lier., same as not an unusual practice on a number of days. Since the
dupe (dup), n. [< F. dupe, a dupe, < OF. dtipe, (like the first) ; make a copy or copies of.
fourteenth century it has been forbidden in the Boraan
duppe, F. dial, dube, duppe, a hoopoe, a bird re- Whereof perhaps one reason is, because there is shewn Catholic Church except on Christmas day. Tn the medi-
garded as stupid see hoopoe and Upupa. For in this a duplicated power: a contrary stream of power eval church in England it was .lUowed on Easter day
:
Tunuiug across and thwart, in its effects in this. also. The (Jreek Clmrcll does not permit duplication.
•imilar examples of the application of the namea Goodwin, Works, III. L 668. DupUcatlon formula, iu mat A., a formula for obtain-
 - !

duplication 18e«- durante beneplacito

Ing the sine etc., ..( the .loiiMe of an ansle from the duplo- (du'plo). [< L. duplus, double: 866 dou-
functionsof the an^e itsif. —
Problem Of thedupllca- °^Y and spinal cord; a dense, tou^h, glistening
tlon, or dupUcaUonof the cube, in ^m/Arthe "r. "len,
hiZl
''''^•J AA „_„«
prefix „'_L-*
signifying 14. e iji
'twofold' or 'tw^06 as fibrous membrane which lines the interior of the
toUeteniiine the side of a cube which sliall have double ™uen : as, duplo-carOuret, twofold carburet, brain-case, but in the spinal column is sepa-
the solid contents of a given cube. The problem is equiv- duply (du-pU'),M.; -pX. duplies (-•pMz'). [i'dunlu, rated from the periosteum lining the vertebfEe
alent to fluding tlie cube root of 2, which is neither ra-
tional nor rationally expressible in terms of square roots
y. (on type of rephj < OF. replier) < as if OF by a space fUled with loose areolar tissue, in
of integers ; cousetiuently neither an exact numerical so-
'duplier, F. only dupUquer =
Sp. Pg. duplicar = the skull it envelops the brain, but does not send down
lution nor an exact construction with a rule and compaas It. duplicare, < ML. dupUcare, put in a rebutter, processes into the fissures. It forms, however, some main
folds, as the vertical falcate sheet or falx cerebri between
is possible. Also called the Ddian problem. make a second reply, L. duplicare, double : see the hemispheres of the cerebrum, and the tentorium or
There remain yet some other pages of Mr. Hobbes's dia- duplicate, n.'] In Scots law, a second reply: a horizontal sheet between the cerebrum and the cerebel-
logue, wherein he speaks of . . . the duplicatioa o/ the pleading formerly in use in inferior courts. lum. Sundry venous channels between layers of the dura
cube, and the quadrature of the circle. mater are the sinuses of the brain. The term thira mater
Boyle, Works, L 2S4.
Answers, replies, duplits, triplies, quadruplies, followed is contrasted with pia mater, both these meninges being
thick upon each other. Scott, Ablwt, i. so named from an old fanciful notion that they were the
The altar of A;
i Apollo at Athens was a square block, or j„«^«jj„« /j- /j. \ , j j-- / -. " mothera," or at least the nurses, of the contained parts.
cube and to doubk it required the d«piKa(.ono/(A€cu««.. duponaiUS (du-pon dl-us), n. ;
pi. dupondu (-i).
D. WAtter, Speech^ Mechanics'Inst, Nov. 12, 1828. dupondium, dipondium, < duo, = E. two,
[L., also duramen (du-ra'men), n. [NL., < L. duramen,
duplicative (du'pli-ka-tiv), [= F. duplica-
a.
+ pondus, a weight, < pendere, weigh: see hardness, also applied to aligneous vine-branch,
pouHd^.'] A Roman bronze coin, of the value < durare, harden, < durns, hard: see dure.] In
tif; as diqiUcate + -ire.'] Having the quality of
bot., the central wood or heart-wood in the trunk
duplicating or doubling especially, in physiol., ;
of an exogenous tree, it is harder and more solid
having the quality of duplicating or dividing than the newer wood that surrounds it, from the forma-
into two by natural growth or spontaneous di- tion of secondary Liyers of cellulose in the wood-cells. It
vision. isalso usually of a deeper color, owing to the presence of
peculiar coloring matters. Called by ship-carpenters the
In the lowest forms of Vegetable life, the primordial ipine. See aiburnum. Also dura.
germ midtipliea itself by duplicatire subdivision into an

> apparently unlimited number of cells.

H'. B. Carpenter, iu Grove's Corr. of Forces.
The inner layers of wood, being not only the oldest, but
the most solidilled by matters deposited within their com-
ponent cells and vessels, are spoken of collectively under
duplicatopectinate (du-pll-ka-to-pek'ti-nat), the designation duramen or " heart- wood."
«. [< duplicate + jieclinate.'] In entom., hav- W. B. Carpenter, Micros., § 369.
ing the branches of bipeetinate antennse on
durance (du'rans), n. [Early mod. E. also dtt-
each side alternately long and short. Obvene. Reverse.
dnpllcature (du'pli-ka-tur), n. [= P. duplica- Dupondius of Augustus. British Museum. (Si2eof the original.)
raunce, duranse; < OF. durance Sp. duranza =
(((/•< =
duplicatura, ^ L. as if 'duplicatura,
It.
= It. duranza, < ML. as if "durantia, < L. du-
of 2 asses (see a**), issued by Augustus and ran(t-)s, ppr. of durare, last: see dure, v. In E.
< duplicare, pp. duplicatus, double: see dupli- durance is prob. in part an abbr. by apheresis of
some of his successors: popularly called by
eate,v.'] A
doubling; a fold or folding; a du-
coin-collectors "second brass," to distinguish endurance, q. v.] 1. Duration; continuance;
plication: as, a duplicature of the peritoneum. endurance. [Obsolete or archaic]
it from the sestertius, the "firet brass" Bomau
The kidneys and bladder are contained In a distinct rfu- „
coin. Loe ! I have made a Calender for every yeare,
^iSl^iri^S'ia^nTS^'o'JSirSSS'o^iSf ^M*:: dupper (dup'er), „. Same ^sduhber^. That Steele in strength, and time in durance, shall out-

( BKD. paUp Nat. TheoL xi i^upuvtren 8 Contraction. See contraction.

duplicidentato (du'pli-si-den'tat) a K NL. ^^^^X'mJ^, Saforras'^C
weare. Spenier, .Shep. Cal., Epil.
An antique kind of work, composed of little square pieces
or C S^'- ft of marble, gildedand coloured, . which set together . .

ttf'^ f"' i /w' ii X'Tl'

"^
1^'
dura (du'rft), n. '[NL., fem! of L. 'durus, hid: . present an unexpressible statelinesse and are of
. . ;

t^^li^J t
n ,*, "l*^-^-
t^ii^llTir."* \l />«/''<C'rf«;n<«'.; T
'" 8eed«re.]"l. Same as rfwramen.-
having four ^^ter (which see). Wilder
and Gage.
^
2. Thedura
marvellous durante.
Of
Sandys, Travailes, p. 24.
how short durance was this new made
Dryden, State of Innocence,
state

^^^
^n-h
llTTdZ *r other r^'^^J
iLh- H the
"*"***'^ behind
fi.
two, of
durabiUtv T^
(du-ra-bil'i-ti), n. [= Dan. Sw. du-
rabiUtet,h\durabilitHOV.durelAetc)=.VT.du.
The durance of a granite ledge. Emernon, Astrroa.
v. 1.

^^P^"""^' "« "^ rahlctat= Pg. durabilidade = It. durabilitd, < 2. Imprisonment restraint of the person ; in-
th h,re r^tlbrt' l^^vl C ;

li^nl ^fn^rflf ^,^^'

Duphcidentotl 4-
du>li-si-deu-t*
^- •
' *-x
ti), «.
,
vl
LL. durabilita{t.)s, < L. durabilis, durable: see voluntary confinement of any kind.
durable.] The quality of being durable ; the What bootes it hira from death to be mibownd.
-*""
/ , ;/ nii.;!^?*!.^^-! y^j^^j"*? If- IX"'" of lasting or contiuuini in the Lame To be captived in endlesse duraunce
st*te by resistance to causes of decay
Ai^'prime°'/''/'{«^«<»'«-J«e
•?'•
or uioou-
cv.»j u* disso- Of sorrow aud despeyre without aleggeaunce ?
'Ihj
, >;i^,f,
'i
i.nrifjifale.] division of the order Spenser, K. Q., III. v. 42.
lution.
' fi'»re», containing those rodents, as
••

.nH nikaa whiol. A. „ .Vi

Oothlc .^ j .
cathedral .j . , j
rai»c« ideasof grandeur in oorminds
. Tliey (the Flemmings] put their Lord in Prison, till with
t
'
inaputas, which Iiairo four i..vL>.
ha>e f/^..i. upper by lu .lie, lU height long Durance he at last consented.
in, 111 I,-,. Ill —
that 18, twice as many as ordinary
iu antiquity, and iUdur»Wf«i/.
u. Blair, Sbetoric, lii. Baker, Chronicles, p. 122.
rodents, or SimplieidentaH. The group consists
r- D Dan 8w dumhrl I give thee thy liberty, set thee from durance.
of the families Uporidce aud E. B. Lagom^. %*»)^ "
durable fdu'ra-bH a
pV.' Sp. krablltptduZtL Shak., L. L. L., ill. 1.

It.durabile, < L. durabilis, lasting, < durare, last In durance vile here must I wake and weep.
duplicity (du-plis'i-ti), «. [< ME. duplieite, <
< durus, hanl, lasting : see dure, v.] Having the
Burns, Epistle from Esopus to Maria.
OV. dui'lirite, F. duplicitS
8p. duplicidad = = quality of la.sting, or continuing long in being; 3t. Any material supposed to be of remarkable
Pg. iiu}iliridade =
It. duplicitA, < LL. duplid-
not perishable or changeable; lasting; endur- durability, as buflf-leather
-v^ „<, especially, »
„«.i-.v^^..„..ti ,; coi>cvj.<»jij,
, a anuug
strong
"
-. doubleness, ML. ambiguity, < L. tluplex
ing: as, dura&ie timber; duraote cloth ; durable cloth made to replace and partly Jo imitate
'-), twofold, double: see duplex.] 1. The > -. ..
happiness. buff-leather ; a variety of tammy. Sometimes
ii.!:- of being double doubleness. [Bare.];
The monuments of wit and learning are more durable written durant, and also called ccerlasting.
Thejf neither acknowledge a multitude of unmaile del-
tJea, nor yet that duplieity of them which Plutarch con-
tlian the monuments of power, or of the hantls.
Baciin, Advancement of Learning, I. 101.
Your mincing nlceries — diira7>c« petticoats, and silver
bodkins.
taoded for (one good and tlie other erllX
They might take rp their Crosse, and foUqw the second Marston, Jonton, and Chapman, Eastward Ho, i. 1.
CudmirfA, Intellectual Sjntem, p. SI.
Adam vnto a durable happtnesse. As the taylor that out of seven yards stole one and a
Thete Intermediate examples need not in the least oon- Purehat, Pilgrimage, p. 28. half of durance. H. Wilson, llirce Ladles of London.
fnae oar generally distinct ideas o( the two families of
For time, though in eternity, applied
baildtngs ; the one In which tlie sabstance Is alike through- Is not a buff-jerkin a most sweet robe of durance!
To motion, measures all things duraUe
oat, ana the forma and conditions of the ornament as- Shak., 1 Hen. IV., i.2.
By present, past, and future.
mne or prore that It is so and the other, in which
; . . .
Milton, P. L., V. 581. 4. A kind of apple.
the sabstance is of two kinds, one internal, the other ex-
temal, and the system of decoration is founded on this The rery susceptibility that makes him- quick to feel dlirancyt,n. \_As durance.] Continuance; last-
E: 4»plieUy, as pre-eminently in St. Mark's. I have used makes him also Incapable of deep and durable feeling. ingness durance. ;

K> the word duflicily in no depreciatory sense. Jiutkin. LowiU, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 364. The souls ever duraney I sung before,
A star in the Northern Crown, . . . (i| Coronie), was = Byn. Permanent, Stable, etc. (see tatting), abiding, con. Ystruck with mighty rage.
loand to have completed more than one entire circuit Uniiiiiu. Ilriri, -strong, tough. Dr. 11. More, Sleep of the Soul, 1. 1.
since Us flrstdtaeoverr: another. T8erpentaril,ha.l closed durableness (du ra-bl-nes), n.
quality of The U
•p l«to apparent singleness : wfille in a thlr.I, i orionis,
dnranritafdii-ran'iit)
being lasting or enduring; durability : as, the "*" *°5*5^ "a ^ ''
«
\
L<.^'"-««!3'0"^
Durnnnn(«P(,Aff
(see def.)\
V^
tie eonrerse change had taken pUce. and deceptive sin- ^'.^ fluo-arsenate of aluminium, iron,
duralleness of honest fame
gleneas had been transformed Into obrloua duplicity.
A. M. Clerke, Astron. In 19th Cent p 58.
....
*» '"• ""^ timber of the walnut-tree, It may lie termed
and sodium, occurring in orange-red monoclinic
crystals, associated with cassiterite (tin-stone),
Uonbleness of.^.
'

_ _. ,, . ,
an English shlttim-wood lor the fineness, smoothness, and
at Durango, Mexico.
8. heart or speech
the acting ; duraUeneu thereof. Fuller, Worthies, Surrey.
or speaking differently in relation to the same The duralJrnen of metals Is the foundation of this ex- duranset, n. An
obsolete form of durance.
thing at different tiroes or to different persons, traordlnary steadiness of price,«. [< It. rfwran^e, a kind of durantt (du'rant),
jrith intention to deceive the practice of de- ;
^'''"" *""'*• ^™'"» «' Nations, i. ii.
L. rfi(ran(<-).v, lasting, ppr. of strong cloth, <;

ption by means of dissimulatiou or double- durably (dii'ra-bli), adv. In a lasting manner; durare, last: see dure, v.] Same as durance, 3.
with long contiDuance. Duranta (du-ran'ta), «. [NL., named after
[And shall we even now, whilst we are yet smarting from An error In physical speculations Is seldom productive Castor Durante, aiti Italian physician (died
'^ consequences of her treachery, become a second time of such coiisequencea, either to one's neighbour or one's 1590).]
! good easy dupes of her du/ilMlyl self, as are deeply, durably, or extensively injurious.
genus of verbenaceous shrubs of A
tropical America, bearing a great profusion of
Anceilotet of Bp. WaUon, I. 273. K. Knox, Essays, 1.
blue flowers in racemes. D. Plumieri is found
jl think the student of their character shonld also Iw slow dnral(dti'ral), a. [< dura (mater) + -ah] Of in greenhouses.
"• P^rtaimiig to the dura mater.
rX!^TZ'iZZ'',^;i'!:it„V!;iTor^^^^^ durante beneplacito (du-ran'te be-ne-plas'i-
! Oppression, in politics and religion. TTie dnral vessels were well injected externally and In- to). [ML. NL. \j. durante, a.h\. of duran(t-)s,
:

llmeells, Venetian Life, xxl. ternally. Medical Sews, Lll. 430. during, ppr. of durare, last, dure (see dure, v.,
In Uitr, the pleading of two or more dis- dura mater (du'rft ma'tSr). [NL. : L. dura, and during); LL. beneplacito, abl. of benepla-
net matters together as if constituting but ^s™- of durus, hafcl; mater, mother: see dure, citum, good pleasure, neut. of beneplacitus, pp.
"e. =8jm. 3. Ouile, deception, hypocrisy, artiOce, chl- mother, and cf. dura.] The outermost membra- of beneplacere, bene placere, please well see 6e- :

nous envelop or external meuinx of the brain neplacit.] During good pleasure.
 ) ; :

durante vita 1802 Durio

durante vita (du-ran'te [L.: durante,
vi'tii). been produced in that branch of art in his day, and pro- come, q. v.] A Hindu divinity, the consort of
vided free scope for his remarkable sureness and delicacy
abl. of (luran{t-)s, during (see durante bene- Siva, other names given her being Devi, Kali,
of hand. One of the greatest merits of his work lies in
jiliieilo); n/d, abl.of l'(te,life: seert'toZ.] Dur- the harmony of composition characterizing even his most rarvati, BItavani, Uma, etc. she is generally rep-
ing life. complicated designs. In his early work tlie detail, though resented witli ten arms. In one hand slie holds a spear,
with which she is
duration (du-ra'shon), n. [< ME. duraeion. piercing Maldsha,
Cf. Pr. duracio = Sp."di(rae«"on = Pg. duragao = the chief of the
It. dura:ioiie, < ML.
duratio{n-), continuance, demons, the kill-
perseverance, < L. durare, last: see dure, v.] ing of whom was
her most famous
Continuance in time; also, the length of time exploit : in ano-
during which anything continues as, the dura- : ther, a sword in ;

tion of life or of a partnership; the duration a third, the hair of

the demon chief,
of a tone or note in music; the duration of an and the tail of a
eclipse. serpent twined
The distance between any parts of that succession [of round him ; and in
ideas], or l>etween the appearance of any two ideas in our others, the trident,
minds, is tliat we call duration. discus, ax, club,
Locke, Human Underatanding, II. xiv. 3. and shield. A great
festival lasting ten
Is there any thing in human life, the duration of which days is celebrated
can be called long ! Steele, Spectator, No. 153. annually in Bengal
It was proposed that the duration of Parliament should in her honor. Also
be limited. Macaulay. spelled Doorr/a.

Relative, apparent, and common time

duration as es- is
durgan, dur-
timated by the motion of bodies, as by days, months, and gen (dfer'gan,
years. Cterk Maxicell, Matter and Motion, art. xvii. -gen), 11. [A
(der'bilr), ». [< Hind, darbdr, dial. var. of
durbar, darbar
Turk, derhdr, < Pei-s. darbdr, a court, an audi- dwarf (ME.
Durga.
ence-room, < dar, a door, + bar, admittance, dwergh, etc.) {From Coleman's " Hindu Mythology.'
audience, court, tribunal.] 1. An audience- see dwarf.} A
room in the palace of a native prince of India; dwarf. E. Phillips, UOC,; ITnlUwcll. [Prov.Eng.]
the audience itself. Durham (dfer'am), n. One of a breed of short-
horn cattle, so named from the county of Dur-
He was at once informed that a Ilampore citizen had
no right to enter the durbar of Jubbul, and was obliged ham in England, where they are brought to
Diireresque Detail, as illustrated in a woodcut by Durer.
to go out in the rain in the court-yard. great perfection: also used attributively: as,
(Reduced from the original.
W. II. Russell, Diary in India, II. 208. the Durham breed Durham cattle. ;

2. A state levee or audience held by the gov- always rendered with almost unparalleled truth, is some- Duria (dii'ri-a), ». See Durio.
ernor-general of India, or by one of the native what profuse and labored, and often sacrifices beauty to durian (du'ri-an), n. [< Malay d«<r!/OTi.] 1. A
princes; an official reception.
exactness l)ut toward the close of his c.ireer he sought
to attain repose and simplicity of manner and subject.
;
tree, the Durio Zibethinus. See Durio. 2. The —
fruit of this tree.
On January 1, 1877, Queen Victoria was proclaimed Era- duress (du'res or dii-res'), n. [< ME. duresse,
press of India, at a darbdr of unequalled magnificence,
duresce, hardship, <; OF. durece, duresce, du- the fruit of
We tasted many fruits new to us; we tried a durt'an, . . .

held on the historic " ridge " overlooking the Mughal capi- the East, and having got over the first
t.-il of Delhi. Encyc. Brit., XII. 811. resse Pr. duressa Sp. Pg. dureza = It. du- = =
liorror of the onion-like odour we found it by no means
. . .

rezza, < L. duritia, hardness, harshness, sever- bad. Lady Brassey, Voyage of Sunbeam, II. xxiv.
duret (dur), o. [Sc. also dour; < OF. dur, F. ity, austerity, < durus, hard: see dure, «.] 1+.
dar = 8p. Pg. It. dura, < L. durus, hard, rough,
Hardness.
durillo (do-rel'yo), n. [Sp., dim. of duro, hard:
harsh, insensible, =
Ir. dur =
Gael, dur, dull, see dure, a.} An old Spanish coin, a gold dol-
hard, stupid, obstinate, firm, strong, W. dir, =
Ye that here an herte of suche duresse,
A faire body formed to the same.
lar: otherwise called the escudillo de oro and
certain, sure, of force, dir, force, certainty; coronilla.
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furinvall), p. 67.
but the Celtic forms, like W. dur, steel, may duringt, «. [< ME. during; verbal n. of dure,
be borrowed from the Latin.] Hard rough. 2. Hardship;
;
constraint; pressure; imprison- V.} Duration; existence.
What dure and cruell penance dooe
ment restraint of liberty durance. ; ;
And that shrewes ben more unsely if they were of lenger
I sustaine for none offence at all. Whan the spaynols that a-spied spakli thei him folwed, durinff and most unsely yf they weren perdurable.
Palace of Pleasure, I. sig. Q, 4. And deden al the duresse that thei do migt. Chaucer, Boethius, iv. prose 4.
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3632.
duret (dur), V. [< ME. durer, F.
diireu, < OF. duringt, p. a. [< ME. during, ppr. of duren,
=
Pr. Sp. Pg. durar It. durare, < L. = Yef I delyuer my moder fro this Inge, shall eny other last: see dure, v.} Lasting; continuing; en-
durer do her duresse? Merlin (E. E. T. S.), i. 19.
durare, intr. be hardened, be patient, wait, hold during. Chaucer.
Right feeble through the eviU rate
out, endure, last, tr. harden, inure, < durus, Of food which in her ditresse she had found. Temples and statues, reared in your minds.
hard, rough, harsh, insensible : see dure, a. Spenser, F. Q., IV. viii. 19.
The fairest, and most during imagery.
B. Jonson, Sejanus, i. 2.
Hence endure, perdure, duration, during, etc.] After an unsatisfactory examination and a brief duress,
1. intratis. 1. To extend in time; last; con- the busy ecclesiastic was released. during (diir'ing), prep. duringe, prep.,
[< ME.
tinue ; be or exist ; endure. Motley, Dutch Republic, III. 398. prop. ppr. of dure, last (see during, p. a.), like
Whyl that the world may dure. 3. In law, actual or apprehended physical re-
OF. and F. durant =
Pr. duran, durant Sp. =
Chaucer, Man of Law's Tale, 1. 980. straint so gi'eat as to amount to coercion: a
Pg. It. durante, < L. durante, abl. agreeing with
species of fraud in which compulsion in some the substantive, as in durante vita, during life,
Vpon a sabboth day, when the disciples were come to-
lit. life lasting, where durante is the present
gether vnto the breakyng of the bread, Paule made a ser- form takes the place of deception in accom-
mon duryng to raydnight. Tyndale, Works, p. 476. plishiug the injury. Cooley participle used in agreement with the noun
Duress of goods,
Yet hath he not root in himself, but dureth for a while. the forcible seizing or withholding of personal property vita (E. life), used absolutely: durante, abl. of
Mat. xiii. 21. without sufficient ju.stilicatioii, in order to coerce the claim- ditran(t-)s, ppr. of durare. last: see dure, v.]
ant.— Duress of Imprisonment, actual deprivation of In the time of; in the course of; throughout
The noblest of the Citizens were ordained Priests, which liberty. —
Duress per minas, coercion by threats of de-
function dured with their liues. struction to life or limb. A promise is voidable when made
the continuance of: as, during life; during
Purctias, Pilgrimage, p. 332. our earthly pilgrimage ; during the space of a
under duress, whether this is exercised immediately upon
2. To extend in space. the promisor or upon wife, husband, descendant, or ascen. year.
Arabye durethe fro the endes of the Reme of Caldee dant. Ulysses was a baron of Greece, exceedingly wise, and
unto the laste ende of Affryk, and marchethe to the Lond duresst (dii-res'), v. t. [< duress, n.} To sub- during the siege of Troy invented the game of chess.
of Ydumee, toward the ende of Botron. ject to duress or restraint ; imprison. Quoted in Strutt's Sports and Pastimes, p. 405.
Mandeville, Travels, p. 43.
If the party duressed do make any motion. Bacon, During the whole time Rip and his companion had la-
"How fer is it hens to Camelot?" quod Seigramor. bored on in silence. Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 53.
**
Sir, it is vj mile vnto a plain that duretli wele two myle duressort (du-res'or), n. [< duress + -or.} In
Jlferfm(E. E. T. law, one who subjects another to duress. Bacon.
The whole world sprang to arms. On the head of Fred-
fro thens." S.), ii. 2«0.
eric is all the blood which was shed in a war which raged
II. trans. To abide endure.;
durett (dii-ref), n. [Appar. < OP. duret, F. during many years and in every quarter of the globe.
duret (= It. somewhat stiff, hard, etc.,
duretto), Macaulay, Frederic the Great.
He that can trot a courser, break a rush. dim. of dur, hard, etc., < L. durus, hard:
stiff,
And, arm'd in proof, dare dure a strawes strong push. Durio (dii'ri-6), n. [NL., also written Duria
Marston, Satires, i.
see dure, a.} A
kind of dance. and (non-Latinized) Durion,
+ Last- The Knights take their Ladies to dance with them gal- Dhourra, etc., < Malay dury-
durefult (dur'ful), a. [< dure -ful.}
ing as, dureful brass.
:
liards, durets, corantoes, Ac.
Beaumont, Masque of Inner-Temple.
on: see durian.} genus of A
malvaceous trees, of which
The durefult oake whose sap is not yet dride. durettat, n. [As if < It. duretto, somewhat there are three species, na-
Spenser, Sonnets, vi.
hard: see duret.} A
coarse kind of stuff, so tives of the Malay peninsula
durelesst (diir'les), a. [< dure -less.} +
Not called from its wearing well. and adjoining islands. The
lasting; fading; fleeting: as, "dureless plea- I never durst be seen durian, D. Zibethinus, the best-
sures," Raleigh, Hist. World. Before my father out of duretta and serge known species, is a tall tree very
Diireresque (dU-rfer-esk'), a. [< Diirer (see def.)
But if he catch me
in such paltry stutfs. commonly cultivated for its fruit,
To make me look like one that lets out money, which is very large, with a thick
+ -csque.} In the manner or style of Albert Let him say, Timothy was born a fool. hard rind and entirely covered
Diirer, themost famous Renaissance artist of Jasper Mayne, City Match, i. 5. with strong sharp spines. JJot-
Germany (1471-1528), noted for the perfection withstanding its strong civet otlor
Durga (dor'ga), n. [Hind. Durga, Skt. Durga, and somewhat terebinthinate fla-
of his drawing and the facility with which he
a female divinity (see def.), prop, adj., lit. vor, it is regarded by the natives
delineated character and passion: as, Diirer- whose going is hard, hard to go to or through, as the most delici^s of fruits. The
esque detail. Alljert Diirer was at once painter, sculp- custard-like pulp in which the
impassable, as n. difficulty, danger, < dur- for large seeds are embedded is the
tor, engraver, and architect but his fame is most widely
;

spread through his admirable engravings, both on wood dus-, hard, bad (= Gr. Sva-, bad see dys-), : + Durian (i).,r,v,^.feM.- part eaten; the seeds are also
and on copper, which far surpassed anything that had y/ ga, another form of \/ gam, go, come, E. = nils). roasted and eaten, or pounded into
 J: ;

Durio 1803 dnst

flour. They may Ije used as vegetable Ivory. It posaeaMs rain, Sw. dial, dusk, a slight shower, 8w. dusk, The divers colours and the tinctures fair.
very marked aphnxlisiac qualities. Sw. = Which in this various vesture changes write
chilliness, raw weather (/ Norw. duska
durityt (du'ri-ti), «. [= F. duret^ It. duritd, = duska =
Dan. duske, drizzle; Sw. duskig, misty,
Of light, of dunkishneme.
Dr. II. More, Psychozoia, i. 22.
liiiritdde, dufitate, < L. durita(t-)8, hardness, < etc.), appar. orig. applied to dark, threaten-
diirus, hard: see dure, a.] 1. Hardness; firm- dasky (dus'ki), a. l< dusk + -y^.l 1. Rather
ing weather. LG. dusken, slumber, is not re-
ness. dark ; obscure ; not luminous dim ; : as, a dusky
lated.] I. a. Dark; tending to darkness ; dusky
valley.
for irradlancy or sparlilin^. which is found in many
.\a shaded, either as to light or color; shadowy;
gems, it is not discoverable in this ; for it cometh short of Here dies the dusky torch of Mortimer,
swarthy. [Rare and poetical.]" Chok'd with ambition of the meaner sort.
their eompactnesse and durity.
Sir T. Brotcne, Vnlg. Err., ii. 1. A pathless desert, dusk with horrid shades. Shak., 1 Hen. VI., ii. 5.

The ancients did burn their firmest stone, and even frag-
MMon, P. R., i. 29«.
[Daniel is the very man who has heard the torment-
He
ments of marble, wiiich in time Iwcame almost marble Dusk faces with white silken turbans wreathed. ed spirits crying out for the second death, who has read
again, at least of indissoluble duriYw, as appeareth in the Milton, P. K, iv. 76. the du»ky characters on the portal within which there is
standing theatres. Sir II. Wollun, Elem. of Architecture. As rich as moths from dusk cocoons. no hope. Macaulay, Milton.
Tennyson, Princess,
2. Hardness of mind; harshness; cruelty.
ii.
Memorial shapes of saint and sage.
Ciickeram. n. n. darkness; an obscuring of
1. Partial That pave with splendor the Past's ditsky aisles.
Lowell, Under the Willows.
durjee (d^r'je), n. [Also written dirgee, durzee, light, especially of the light of day; a state
etc., repr. Hind, darzi, vernacularly darji, < between light and darkness twilight as, the ; : 2. Rather black; dark-colored; fuscous; not
Pers. darsi, a tailor.] In the East Indies, a dusk of the evening the dusk of a dense forest.
; li^ht or bright: as, a dttsky brown; the dusky
native domestic tailor or seamster. He quits wings of some insects.
durmast (der'mftst), n. [Origin tmeertain.] A His door in darkness, nor till dusk returns. I will take some savage woman, she shall rear my dusky
Wordsu^rth, Excursion, v.
species of oak ( Quercus sessiUflora, or, according race. Tennyson, Locksley Hall;
to some, Q. pubescens) so closely allied to the Prone to the lowest vale th' aerial tribes
Descend the tempest-loving raven scarce A smile gleams o'er his dusky brow.
common oak (Q. Sobur) as to be reckoned by :

Dares wing the dubious dusk. Thomson, Summer. Whittier, Mogg Megone, i.

some botanists only a variety of it. lu wood Is, Fortunately the dusk had thrown a veil over us, and in Here were the squalor and the glitter of the Orient —
however, darker, heavier, and more elastic, and leas em the exquisite delicacy of the fading light we drifted slowly the solemn dusky faces that look out on the reader from
to apUt or to break comparatireljr <ea»jr to bend,
; but it Is comparatireljr * the pages of the .\rabiHn Nights.
up the mysterious river.
nndis therefore highly ralued by the builder ana the cabl- C. W. Stoddard, Masballah, p. 161. T. B. Aldrich, I'onkapog to Pesth, p. 201.
net-maker.
dum', dams (dfem, d*mz), n. [E. dial. (Corn- 2. Tendency to darkness of color; swarthiness. 3. Hence, figuratively, gloomy ; sad. [Rare.]
wall) duni, a door-post, gate-post, < Com. dom, Some aprinlded freckles on his face were seen, While he continues in life, this dnxky scene of horrour,
door-post; cf. W. dor, drtcs, door: see door. Whoae dusk set oS the whiteness of the sUn. this melancholy prospect of final perdition will frequent-
Dryden, PaL and Arc., ill. 77. ly occur to his fancy. Bentley, Sermons.
In rMiNinf/,a "sett" of timbersutamine. Dunn
is >• •met itn''-s made singular and aometimes plural. (Pryee.) dusk (dusk), r. [< ME. dusken, earlier donken, Dusky duck. See duck.
i he term chlelly Used at present, eapeclalljr in the United
.^lates, is «•(( (which see).
make dark, become dark < dusk, a.] I. trang. Dussumiera (dus-u-me'rS), n. [NL. (Cuviei
;

1. To make dusky or dark; obscure; make less and Valeneiennesj 1847; also Dussumieria) ;
dum-, f. '. See derifi.
luminous. named for the traveler Dussumier.'i A genus of
duro (dS'ro), n. [Sp.l The Spanish silver dol- fishes, in some systems made type of a family
See After the son la up, that shadow which dusketh the light
lar, the peso dtiro. dollar.
DiLs-itimhridw,
of the moon moat needs be under the earth. Holland.
durometer (du-rom'e-t*r), n. [< L. rfMi-M, hard, fish of the A
and never his dassamierid (dus-u-me'rid), n.
Essex, at all times hit [Raleigh'sl rival,
+ metrum, a measure.] apparatus invent- An friend, saw his own lustre dusked by the eminence oi his f am 1 y 1> «,< ii m icridce. i
e<I by Behrens for testing the hardness of steel Inferior. /. Disraeli, Amen, of Lit., II. 268.
Dossoinieridse (dus-u-me'ri-de), n. pi. [NL.,
e -'i-^ I.
.,„uisu eiaentlally of a small drill fitted with
measuring the aniuont of feed under a given
'.
2. To make dim. < Uwisumiera -idw.'] family of malacop- + A
the drill, and counting the turns of the drill. Which clothes a dlrknesa of a forletyn and a despised terygian fishes, represented by the genus Dus-
work are conalderea to give relatively the
I elde hadde dusked and derked. sumiera. It is closely related to the family Clupeid(r,
I
: the steel. Chaucer, Boethius, i. prose 1. but the abdomen is rounded and the ribs are not connected
duroust lu'ni-i), a. [< L. durus, hard: see The falthfulnes of a wife Is not stained with deceipt, with a median system of scales. The species are few in
(Inf.. a. nor dusked with any dissembling. number; r>ne (Dussumiera lereti) is an inhabitant of the
Sir r. WilsuH, Art of Rhetoric, p. 56. ea.'itcrn cna-st of the I'nited States.
Ill vary much from their primitive ten- Dossamierina (dus''ii-me-ri'na), n. pi. [NL.,
"'! w) become more durou*. n. intrans. 1. To grow dark; begin to lose
Dussumiera + -ina^.] In Giinther's system,
'l'rii..ft- ....

s Portraiture of Old Age, p. 180.

<
./. .^.>
light, brightness, or whiteness.
the fourth group of Clupeida; with the mouth
doroyt (dti-; [See corduroy.} Sftme as Duskttt hia eyghen two, and faylleth breth.
CAnucer, Knight's Tale, 1M8. anterior ana lateral, the upper jaw not overlaj)-
corduroy. I.
ping the lower, and the abdomen neither cari-
Western Oooda liad their ahare here alao, and aereral 3. To cause a dusky appearance; produce a
nate nor serrate, and without an osseous gular
iKMths were Blied with Seigea, Z>un>|n, Oniggeti, Slud- slightly ruffled or shadowed surface.
loons, Cantaloona, Devonahlre Kenlet, etc.
plate. The group corresponds to the family
Little breezes dusk and shiver
Dtfot, Tour tbiDugh Great Britala, L M.
Thro' the wave that rune for ever
Dussumieridte.
dnrra (ddr'S), n. [Also written dura, doura, By the island In the river dast^ (dust), «. [< ME. dust, doust, < AS. dust
(li)urah, dora, dhura, dliourra, dhurra, etc., repr. Flowing down to Camelot. (orig. diist) OFries. dust= LG. dust = MLG.
Ar. dorra, durra, dora, Turk, dori, millet: cf.
Tennyson, Lady of Shalott, L (> G. dust), dust, D. duist. meal-dust,= Icel. =
Ar. dorra, Turk. Pers. Hind, diirr, a pearl.]
[Rare in all uses.] dust, dust, =
Norw. dust, dust, fine particles,
The Indian millet or Guinea com, Sorghum cul- doskeo (dug'kn), V. [< dusk + -enl.] L •«- = Dan. dyst, fine flour or meal ; allied prob.
gare. See sorghum.
trans. To grow dusk; dim; beeome darker. to OHG. tunu^t, dunist, dunst, breath, storm,

The alwaya icantj crop of doura falls away from the

[Bare.] MHG. G. dunst, vapor, fine dust, = Sw. and Dan.
Nile. TA« Century, XXVL 6&1. have known the male to sing almost uninterruptedly
I dunst, steam, vapor; and to Goth, dauns, odor;
during the evenings of early summer, till twilight cfiuir- all prob. ult. from a root repr. by Skt. •\/ dhvans
durst (dftrst). A preterit of dare^. ened into dark. LouieU.
or •/ dhvas, fall to dust, perish, vanish, in pp.
dnmkilll, n. See dottroueouli. TL trans. To make dark or obscure. [Bare.] dhvas-ta (= E. dus-t), bestrewn, covered over,
dasack < du'sak), n. [O. diiMA, also duaeek, tu-
The layd epigranie was not vtterly defaced, but unely esp. with dust.] 1. Earth or other matter in
mck; UUak, thietiak, ti*zek, < Bohem. tesale, a duskmtd, or so rased that It myght be redde. thoughe that fine dry particles, so attenuated that they can
short, broad, curved sword.] A
rough cutlas with aome dilBculty. Mcolts, tr. of Thucydides, fol. 16.1.
in use in Germany in the sixteenth and seven-
be raised and carried by the wind; finely com-
duskily (dus'ki-li), adr. With partial dark- minuted or powdered matter: as, clouds of dust
teenth centuries. Itiacommonlyrepresentedaaforieed ness ; with a tendency to darkness or somber-
of a single piece, tlte Bnger* paealng through an opening obscure the sky.
made at the end oppoeite the point, lo that the grip con- ness. t
Than a-roos the duste and the powder so grete that vn-
siata of a roonded and perhaps leather-covered part of the The twilight deepened, the ranted battlements and the nethe oon myght knowe a-nother, no noon ne a-bode his
blade Itaelt. It la said to have originated In Bohemia. low broad oriels [of Haddon Hull glanced duskily from felowe. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), 11. 201.
dnset, )>• -An obsolete spelling of deuee^. the foliage, the rooks wheeled and clamored in the glow-
'/. James, Jr., Trans. Sketches, p. 26. Tlie ostrich, which leaveth her eggs in the earth, and
dash (dush), r. [E. dial., < HE. dusghen, duseh- ing sky. wamicth them in dust. Job xxxix. 13, 14.
i,n ; appar. orig. a var. of damhen, dagehen, dash dxuklliess (dus'ki-nes), n. Incipient or partial
see dtt»A.] L
trans. To strike or push violently. darkness: a moderate degree of darkness or 2. A collection or cloud of powdered matter in
blackness; shade. the air; an assemblage or mass of fine particles
[Now only prov. Eng.]
carried by the wind as, the trampling of the :

Thel du—hed hym, thel daiahed hym, Time had somewhat sullied the colour of It with such a
Thel Inaabcd hym, thel laaahed bnn. kind of duskiness, aa we may observe in plcturea tlut have animals raised a great dust; to take the dust
The! poaalied hym, thel paaahed nym. bung In some amoky room. of a carriage going in advance.
All aorowe the! saide that It semed hrm. Boetius (trans.), p. 3 (Oxf., 1674).
By reason of the abundance of his horses their dust shall
York Playt, p. 481.
daskish (dus'kish), a. [<dusk+-iahl.'\ Mod- cover thee. Ezek. xxvi. 10.
^K
^b.
MjBoan then
OoeitjnMt the toaiea,
mightely the rooldes did aerche,
the tore wallea &
erately dusky; partially obscure; dark or —
Hence 3. Confusion, obscurity, or entangle-
^t
^K All daurt<( Into the diche, doll to l>e-holde.
DatruMon i,f Troy (Z. E. T. 8.X L 4T76.
blackish.
Sight is not well contented with sudden departmenta
ment of contrary opinions or desires embroil-
ment discord as, to raise a dust about an af-
; :
;

from one eztream to another: therefore let tlieni have

^^B H. inlrann. To full violently; dash down; rather a duskish tincture than an absolute black.
front to kick up a dust. See phrases below.
;

^^H move with violence. [Now only prov. Eng.] Sir U. Walton, Elem. of Architecture. Great contest follows, and much learned dust
^^B Such a daaande drede duxhed to hia herte daskishly (dus'kish-li), adv. Cloudily; darkly; Involves the combatants each claiming truth.
;

^^K And truth disclaiming both. Cowper, Task, ill. 161.

^H That falewtt Ifallowed) hia face. al
Pomt (ed. MorrbX I6S8. AUiteraHix 11.
obscurely; dimly.
The Comet appeared again to-night, but duskishty. 4. A small quantity of any powdered substance
^Blnak(dusk), a. andn. [=E. dial. dueMA^kCtrans- Pepys, Diary, sprinkled over something used chiefly in cook-
^^^ posed from dusk) < early ME. dosk, dose, deosk, ;
(dus'kish-nes), n. Duskiness;
II. 195.
ery: as, give it a du-H of ground spice. 6.
:

—
lUoHC, dark not found in AS., but perhaps a sur- doskishness
;
Crude matter regarded as consisting of sepa-
slight obscurity dimness. ;
vival of the older form of AS. deorc, ME. deorc, rate particles elementary substance.
;

derk, E. dark, which in its rhotacized form has 1°he harts uae dictamtu. The swallow the hearbe cele-
donla. The weaaell fennell seede, for the duskishnesse Many [a day] hade 1 be ded <fe to dust roted,
no obvious connections, while denxc, dosk, dusk and blearlaboeaae of her eyes. Xadde it be Gotldes grace & help of that best.
appears to be related to Norw. dusk, a drizzling Btnttnuto, Paaaengera' Dialogues (1612). WiUiam qf PaUme (E. E. T. 8.), 1. 4124.
 ;; ;

dost 1804 Dutch

Dwtt thou art, and unto dujit shalt thou return. a dust in the act,
Gen.
i. e., 'dust.'] dust-louse (dust'lous), TO. An insect of the
I.t trans. 1.
19.
ill.
To throw hurl.
; genus I'soctis or family Psocidw.
My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust. .
This milde meiden ... toe [took] htm bl the at«liche dustman (dust'man), TO.; pi. dustmen (-men).
. .

For now shall I sleep iu the dmt. Job vii. 6, 21.

[grisly] top, ant hef him up ant dtisle him adunriht [down- 1. One whose employment is the removal of
Fair brows right] to ther [the] eorthc.
That long ago were dust. dust, rubbish, or garbage.— 2. The genius of
St. Margherete (ed. Cockayne), p. 12.
Bryant, Flood of Years. sleep in popular sayings and folklore: so
He iss Godd self, that dusle death under him.
—
Hence 6t. A dead body, or one of the atoms Legend of St. Katherine, 1. 1093.
named because the winking and eye-rubbing
of a sleepy child are as if he had dust in his
that compose it remains. 2. To strike ; beat.
;

The bodies of the saints, what part of the earth or sea An engel duste hit a swuch dunt that hit bigon to clat-
eyes —
Running or flying dustman, a man who re-
moved dust from dust-holes, without license, for the sake
soever holds their dwitg, shall not be detained in prison eren. Legend of St. Katherine, 1. 2026. of what he could pick out of it. [Eng.]
when Christ calls for them. . . Not a dust, not a bone,
.
Observe, my English gentleman, that blowes have a won-
can be denied. itep. T. Adams, Works, II. 106. At Marlborough Street one day early in November,
derful] prerogative in the feminine sex ; . . . if , . . she
1837, two of the once celebrated fraternity known as
Hereafter if one Dust of Me be good, to dust her often hath in it a singular . , . ver- "fly-
ing dust-men "were charged with having emptied a dust-
Mix'd with another's Substance be, tue. Benvenuto, Passengers' Dialogues (1612).
hole in Frith Street, without leave or licence of the con-
Twill leaven that whole Lump with love of Thee.
intrans. To run ; leave hastily ; scuttle tractor. Quoted in First Year of a Silken Reign, pp. 78, 79.
Cowley, The Mistress, All over Love. n.
get out: as, to get up and dust; come, dtist out dustoori (dus-to'ri), n. Same as dasturi.
7. A low condition, as if prone on the ground.
He raiseth up the poor out of the dust. 1 Sam. 11. 8.
of here. [Colloq. or slang.^ dus't-pan (dust'pan), TO. utensil for collect- A
"Vrgan lepe vnfain ing and remo-ving dust brushed from the floor,
8. Rubbish; ashes and other refuse. [Eng.] Oner the bregge [bridge] he deste. furniture, etc.
Sir Trintrcm, 9 (Minstrelsy, ed. Scott, \.).
But when the parish dustman came, iii.
dust-pointt (dust'point), TO. An old rural game,
His rubbish to withdraw.
He
found more dust within the heap
dust-ball (dust'bal), TO. disease in horses in A probably the same as push-pin.
Than he contracted for Hood, Tim Turpin.
which a ball is sometimes formed in the intes- We to nine holes fall.
I
tinal canal, owing to over-feeding with the dust At dust-point or at quoits.
A string of carts full of miscellaneous street and house of corn or barley, its presence Drayton, Muse's Elysium,
is indicated by a hag- vi.
rubbish, all called here ILondon] by the general name of
dust. New York Tril/une, Sept. 1879. gard countenance, a distressed eye, a distended belly, and
9,
hurried respiratibn,
Then let him be more manly he looks
; for
Like a great school-boy that had been blown up
9. Gold-dust; hence, money; cash. See phrases dust-bin (dust'bin), TO. covered receptacle A
Last night at dust-point.
—
below. [Slang.] 10. Sauye as dust-brand cos- for the accumulated dust, ashes, and rubbish Beau, and FL, Captain, ill. 3.
mic dust. See cojnnic— Down With the (his, your) of a dwelling, usually placed in a cellar or in a dust-prig (dust 'prig), TO. dust-hole thief; A
dust, pay or deliver the money at once.
yard. [Eng.] one who filched from dust-bins. [Eng.]
The abbot down with his dust ; and, glad he had es-
caped so, returned to Reading, as somewhat lighter in Villages, with their rows of hovels sandwiched in be- The days of "dusting on the sly" seem to be rapidly
purse, so much more merry in heart than when he came tween rows of dustbins. Contemporary Hen., Lll. 128. passing away. The transportation of the renowned Bob
thence. Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. 218. dust-brand (dust'brand), TO. Smut. Also dust. Bonner, first of dust-prigs, added to the great fall in
breeze, have caused this consummation.
Liinb. ni settle two hundred a year upon thee.
Aldo. Before George, son Limberham, you'l spoil all,
dust-brush (dust'bmsh), TO.
. . . brush made of A
Quoted in First Year of a Silken Reign, p. 79.
feathers, fine bristles, tissue-paper, or the like,
if you underbid so. Come, douni with your dust, man
what, show a base mind when a fair Lady's in question for removing dust, as from furniture, walls, dust-prigging (dusfprig^ing), to. Filching or
stealing from dust-bins.
!

Dtyden, Limberham, ii. 1. framed pictures, etc. [Eng.]

Come, fifty pounds here doum with your dttst.
; dust-cart (dust'kiirt), TO. cart for conveying A
In the palmy days of dust-prigging, [men] fearlessly en-
O'Kee/e, Fontainebleau, ii. 3. dust, refuse, and rubbish from the streets. countered the perils of Tothill Fields and the treadmill
in pursuit of their unlawful vocation.
Dnst and ashes. See aM^.— Founders' dust. See [Eng.] Quoted in First Year of a Silken Reign, p. 79.
/oiinder^.— Metallic duSt, powdered oxids or filings of dust-chamber (dust'cham'^bdr), n. An in-
metals, used for giving a metallic luster to wall-papers,
closed flue or chamber filled with deflectors, in dust-shot (dust'shot), TO. The smallest size of
lacquered ware, etc. The metal-powders are washed,
treated with chemicals, and heated, to obtain a variety of which the products of combustion from an ore- shot. Also called mustard-seed.
colors.— To beat the dust. See beati.— To bite the roasting furnace are allowed to settle, the Mustard-seed or dust-shot, as it is variously called.
dust. See hite.— To kick up a dust, to make a row heavier and more valuable portions being left Coues.
cause tumult or uproar. [Colloii.] To make one take — in the dust-chamber, and the volatile portions dust-storm (dust'storm), TO. storm of wind A
the dust, in driving, to pass one on the road so as to
throw the dust back toward him beat one in a race. To passing out through the chimney or other es- which raises dense masses of dust into the air,
; —
raise a dust, (a) To cause a cloud of dust to rise, as a cape. as on one of the great deserts of Africa or Asia.
fast-driven carriage, a gustof wind, etc. (b) To make con- dust-collar (dusfkol'^ar), TO.
fusion or disturbance; get up a dispute; create discord
A
grooved ring dustuck, dustuk (dus'tuk), n. [Anglo-Ind,, <
or angry discussion. [Colloq.]
or flange placed between the hub of a wheel Hind, dastak, a passport, permit, < Hind, dost,
The Bishop saw there was small reason to raise such a
and the journal, to hold a dust-guard and keep < Pers. dast, the hand,] In India, a customs
dust out of a few indiscreet words. the axle-box clean. permit.
Bp. Hacket, Abp. 'Williams, 11. 61. duster (dus'ter), TO. 1. One who dusts.— 2. Mir Jafir pledged himself to permit all goods of every
By the help of these [men], they were able to raise a That which is used in dusting or removing kind and sort to be caiTied dutyfree, under the company's
dust and make a noise ; to form a party, and set them- dust, as a piece of cloth or a brush, a kind of dusluck. J. T. Wheeler, Short Hist. India, p. 295.
selves at the head of it. Bp. Alterburt/, Sermons, 1. iii. cloth especially for use in the form of dusters is made of
To throw dust in or into one's eyes, to mislead, con- cotton, or of linen and cotton, generally twilled, woven dust-'Whirl (dust'hwerl), TO. whirl of dust, A
fuse, or dupe one. plain or with a checked pattern, and sold by the yard, made by an eddy of wind.
and also in separate squares, like handkerchiefs. In defining this phenomenon [the whirlwind] it will l»e
This is certainly the dust of Gold which you have thrown
in the good Man's Eyes. Dryden, Spanish Friar, iii. 1. We were taught to play the good housewife in the kitch- best perhaps that you should be asked to recall the occur-
en and the pantry, and were well instructed in the con- rence, on any warm day, of the formation of a dust-whirl
dnst^ (dust), V. t. [< ME. dusten, intr., rise as duct of the broom and the duster. as it suddenly bursts upon you iu the open street
Jour. Franklin Inst,, CXXL 247.
dust, = Icel. dusta =
Norw. dusta, tr., dust, Watts, Education of Children and Youth, § viii.
sprinkle with dust, =
Dan. dyste, sprinkle from 3. ; fine sieve. 4. A —
machine for sifting dusty (dus'ti), a. [< ME. dusty, dusti, < AS.
A
the noun.] 1. To free from dust; brush, wipe, dry poisons upon plants, to destroy insects. dystig, dusty, < dust, dust : see dusf^ and -ji.]
or sweep away dust from: as, to dust a table, E. H. Knight. 5. —
light overcoat or -wrap A 1. Filled, covered, or sprinkled with dust ; re-
floor, or room. worn to protect the clothing from dust, espe- duced to dust ; clouded with dust : as, a dusty
Let me dust yo' a bit, William. Yo've been leaning cially in traveling. road; dusty matter; dusty windows.
against some whitewash, a'li be bound. With February came the Carnival. All our yesterdays have lighted fools
. Hawthorne . .
Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, xiv. . . . accepted its liberties . . with great good humor. .
The way to dusty death. Shak., Macbeth, v. 5.
2. To sprinkle with dust, or with something He used to stroll along the streets, with a linen duster The house thro' all the level shines,
over his black coat. CJlose-latticed to the brooding heat,
in the form of dust: as, to dust a cake with Hawthorns, Nathaniel Hawthorne,
J. II. v. And silent in its dusty vines.
fine sugar; to dtist a surface with white or Tennyson, Maiiana in the South.
Set duster, a long broom, hearth-brush, or any dusting-
yellow. brush. Nothing ever gave me such a poignant sense of death
Especially in one of those stand-stills of the air that fore-
bode a change of weather, the sky is dusted with motes of
dust-guard (dust'gard), TO, A thin piece of and dwsi.v oblivion as those crumbling tombs overshadow-
ing the clamorous and turbulent life on the hillside.
wood, leather, or fabric fitted to a journal-box T. B. Aldrieh, Ponkapog to Pestll, p. 245.
fire of which the summer-watcher never dreamed.
Lowell, Study Windows, p. 52, to exclude dust from the axle and bearings, and
to prevent the escape of the oil and waste from 2. Like dust; of the hue of dust ; clouded: as, a
Insects In seeking the nectar would get dusted with pol-
len, and would certainly often transport it from one flower the box. dusty white or red. —
3. Covered with minute,
to another. Darwin, Origin of Species, p. 95. dust-like scales, as the wings of a butterfly.
The dust-guard is made of sycamore wood, and is either
In one or two parts. Engineer, LXV. 297. Wcstwood.
To dust one, ta make one take the dust (which see, under
dust, n.).— To dust one's Jacket, to give one a drubbing; dusty-foot (dus'ti-fut), TO, Same as piepoudre.
beat one as if for freeing him from dust,
or so as to raise
dust-hole (dust'hol), to. A dust-bin.
dusty-miller (dus'ti-mil"fer), to, l. The auricu-
a dust. Our dusthole ain't been hemptied this week, so all the la, Primula Auricula: so called from the white
dnst^ (dust), V. [< ME. dusten, desten, throw, stuff is running into the sile.
hurl, intr, rush, comp. adusten, throw (a differ-
Quoted in First Year of a Silken Reign, p. 80. mealiness upon the leaves. 2. The Senccio —
Cineraria, a common cultivated foliage-plant
ent word from diisshen, throw down, dash: see dustiness (dus'ti-nes), to. The state of being which is covered with white tomentum.
dush), appar, of Scand. origin: < Icel. dusta, dusty.
Dutch (duch), a. and n. [Early mod. E. also
beat; cf. dmtera, tilt, fight (Haldorsen, Cleas- dusting-colors (dus'ting-kuHorz), n. pi. In Dutche, Doutche, Duche; < ME, Dutehe, Dnchc
by), dust, a blow (Haldorsen), = Sw. (f«s<=Dan. printing, colors in the form of powder, made to
(HoUandish or German), < MD, dui/tsch (OD,
dyst, a tilt, bout, fight, = MLCJ, dust {zdzist, sust), be spread or dusted over an impression in ad- dictisc), D. duitsch, Dutch, HoUandish (hoog-
a tilt, a dance, Prob, allied to douse'^, beat (see hesive varnish. Ultramarine blue and gold bronzes duitsch. High Dutch, German), = MLG. dude.^cli,
douse^). Hitherto confused by a natural figure are common dusting-colors, and by this treatment show LG, diidesk = 08. thiudisk^OHQ. dintisk, MHG,
greater depth or brilliancy of color than when mixed with
with dust^, from which, in def. I,, 2, and II,, the varTilsh as a printing-ink. diiitiKClt, diutscli, diusch, tiutisch, tiiit.^ch, tiuscli,
it cannot now be entirely separated. It is dustless (dust'les), a. [< dust^ + -less."] Free MG, dudesch, dutisch, tutisch, G, deiitsch, until re-
gossible that the two words are ult, connected, from dust. cently also teutscli, = Icel, Tliythverskr, thytli-
f. Gr. Kovieiv, tr. cover with dust, intr. run (as erskr, thyeskr (perverted forms), later and mod,
A dusUess path led to the door.
horses or men), or march (as an army), making L. Wallact, B«n-Hur, p. 177. Icel. thyzkr = Sw. tysk = Dan. tydsk (the Scand.
 ; !

Dutch duty
Mnverton began reasoning with the boys, taZHni; Breadstuff dutied so high in the market of Great
fonns after G.) (ML. theodifteug, iheoiiscus, first . . . is
Britain us in times of plenty to exclude it, and this is done
to them tike a Dutch vwle (I wonder what that expression
in the 9th century), German, Teutonic, lit. be- means) about their cruelty. from the desire to favor her own farmers.
longing to the people, popular, national (sup- Helps, Animals and their Masters, p. 131. Ames, Works, II. 13.
posed to have been tirst applied to the 'popular' The Teutonic or Germanic race; dutiful (du'ti-ful), a. [< duty + -/u?.] 1. Per-
II. «. 1.
or national language, German, in distinction the German peoples generally used : as a plu- forming the duties required by social or legal
from the literary and church language, Latin, ral. Specifically —
2. The Low Germans, par- obligations; obedient; submissive to natural
and from the neighboring Romance tongues), ticularly the people of Holland, or the kingdom or legal superiors ; obediently respectful : as, a
being orig. =
Goth, 'thiudisks (in adv. thiudiskv,
of the Netherlands ; the Dutchmen ; the Hol- dutiful son or daughter ; a dutiful ward or ser-
translating Gr. i&viKu^, adv. of cOvmog, national, vant; St dutiful subject.
landers: called specifically the i/OM!l>H<cfe.- used
also foreign, gentile) =
AS. iheddisc, n., a lan-
as a plural. —
3. The High Germans; the in- The Queen being gone, the King said, I confess she hath
guage, < Goth, thiuda =
AS. theod OS. Ihiod, = habitants of Germany; the Germans: formerly been to me the most dut\ful and loving Wife that ever
thioda, theoda =
OFries. thiade OD. diet = = called specifically the High Dutch: used as a
Prince had. Baker, Chronicles, p. 276.
OHG. dioUi, diot, MHG. diet, people, Icel. = plural.
Though never exceptionally dutiful in hia filial rela-
thjodh, nation, =
Lett, tauta, people, nation, = Germany is slandered to have sent none to this war (the
he had a genuine fondness for the author of his
tions,
Lith. tauta, country, =
Ir. tuath, people, Oscan = Crusades] at this first voyage and that other pilgrims,
;
being, J. Hawthorne, Dust, p. 187.

touto, people (cf. meddix tutictis (Livy), the chief passing through that country, were mocked by the Dutch, 2. Expressive of a sense of duty; showing
magistrate of the Campanian towns: meddix, and called fools for their pains. Fuller. compliant respect ; required by duty a.s, duti- :

medix, a magistrate) cf. Skt. ; (a, grow, be
strong. This noun (Goth, thiuda, OHG. diot,
etc.) appears in several proper names, as in
AS. Theodric, G. Dietrich, D. Dierrijk, whence E.
Derrick, giving name to the mechanical con-
trivance so called see derrick. The word Dutch
:
V 4t. The Teutonic or Germanic language, in-
cluding all its forms. See 5, 6. 5. The lan-
guage spoken in the Netherlands the Holland-
ish language (which differs very slightlj- from
the Flemish, spoken in parts of the adjoining
kingdom of Belgium) called distinctively Low which their dignity doth require, it will not greatly need
—
:
ful attentions.
— There would she kiss the ground, and thank the trees,
bless the air, and do dutiful reverence to every thing she
;
thought did accompany her at their first meeting.
Sir P. Sidney.
Surely if we have unto those laws that dutiful regard

came into E. directly from the MD., but it is Dutch. 6. The language spoken by the Ger- that we should be exhorted to live in obedience unto them.
also partly due to the G. form.] I. a. 1. Of or Hooker, Eccles. Polity, ilL 9.
mans; German; High German: formerly, and
pertaining to the Teutonic or German race, in- still occasionally (as in the United States, espe- dutifully
(dii'ti-ful-i), adv. In a dutiful man-
cluding the Low German (Low Dutch) and the cially where the two races are mingled), called ner; with regard to duty; obediently; submis-
High German (High Dutch). See U. Specifi-
cally —
2. Of or pertaining to the Low Germans
distinctively High Dutch. —
7t. The common
sively.
I advised him to persevere in dutifully bearing with his
white clover, TriJ'olium repens : an abbreviation
or to their language, particularly to the inhabi- of Dutch cloier. —
8. [?. c] A kind of linen tape.
mother's ill humour. Anecdotes of Bp. If a(«on, I. 367.
tants of Holland; HoUandish; Netherlandish: -Pennsylvania Dutch, a mixed dialect, consisting of dutifulness (du'ti-ful-nes), n. The quality of
formerly called specifically Low Dutch. German intermingled with English, spoken by the de- being dutiful; submission to just authority;
scendants of the original German settlers of Pennsylvania. habitual performance of duty.
Light pretexU drew me sometimea & Dutch love
;

For tuliiK. Tennyton, OardeDer'i Daughter. —To beat the Dutch, to l>e very strange or surprising
excel anything Ijefore known or heard of said of a state- :
At his [the Earl of Essex's] landing, Bryan MacPhelym
The word Dutch in tbia sense came to have in several ment, an occurrence, etc., usually in the form '*That t)eatt welcom'd hira. tendering unto him all manner of Dutiful-
phrasea an opprobrious or humorous application^ perhaps the Dutch.' (Collo<i., northern U. S.) ness and Service. Baker, Chronicles, p. 350.
due in part to the aniioosity engendered by the long and dutch (duch), V. t. [That is, to treat in Dutch Piety or dutyfulnesa to parents was a most popular vir-
severe contest fur the supremacy of the seas waged by Eng- tue among the Romans. Dryden.
lanii and the Netherlands In the seventeenth century. Hee
fashion: in allusion to the fact that quills were
Dutch auction, eourape, defefue. etc. first so prepared in Holland; < Dutch, a.] To duty (dii'ti), n. pi. duties (-tiz).
;
[Early mod.
3. Of or pertaining to the High Germans or clarify and harden by immersing in heated E. also dutie, duetie, dewty, dewtie, < ME. duete,
to their language : formerly called specifically .sand, as goose-quills. duetee, deute, dewtee, etc., < due, dewe, due, +
Hiijh Dutch — Dutch auction, an auction at wlilch the dutchesst, "• An obsolete spelling of duchess.
auctioneer starts with a liigh price, and comes down till Dutchman (duch'man), M.; pi. Dutchmen (-men).
-te, -ty, formed after such words as bewte, beau-
ty, etc.: see due^ and •ty.'] 1. Obligatory ser-
he meets with a bidder; a ni<xk aru-tion. —
Dutch bar- 1. A
member of the Dutch race ; a Hollander: vice ; that which ought to be done that which ;

gain. See6a™iii».— Dutch bricks, .•^eefrn.-*-'.— Dutch one is bound by natural, moral, or legal obliga-
cheeaa. SeeeA«««i.— Dutch clover. .•*eell.,7.— Dutcli in the United States
often locally applied to
collar, a hone-collar. — Dutch concert. See concert.— Germans, and sometimes to S«an(Unavians. tion to do or perform.
Dutch courage, artincial courage ; boldness Inspired by The Dutch man who sold him this Vessel told him with- It doth not stand with the duty which we owe to our
Intoxicating spirits. heavenly Father, that to the ordinances of on/ mother the
al that the Qoveniment did not allow any such dealings
Pull away at the usquebaugh, man, and swallow Dutch with the English, tho they might wink at it. Church we should show ourselves disobedient.
courage, since thine English is oiized away. Dumpier, Voyages, II. 1. 111. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, ill. 9.

Kingttey, Westward Ho, xi. Take care that your expressions be prudent and safe,
2. [/. c] A
wooden block or wedge used to hide
Dutch cousins, intimate frlentls a humorotis jHTversitMi the opening in a badly made joint.—
: consisting with thy other duties.
of 'tennan cousiiu or cvusina gcrman. —
Dutch d6f6nse,
maa, (a) A
Flying Dutch-
a legendary Dutch captain who for some hei-
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 664.
a sham defense. In the middle ages fealty to a feudal lord was accounted
nous olTense was condemned to sail the sea, beating against
I am afraid Mr. Jones maintained a kind of Dutch de- head-winds, till the day of judgment. Lisgends dllTer aa a duty, and the assertion of personal freedom a crime.
fence, and treacherously delivered up the garrison without //. Silencer, Social Statics, p, 265.
to the nature of his offense. According to one, a murder
duly weighing bis allegiance to the fair >k>pbia. was committed on board his ship; according to another, 2. The
obligation to do something ; the bind-
Fielding, Tom Jones, ix. 5. the captain swore a profane oath that he would weather ing or obligatory force of that which is morally
Dutch fOlL See/oOl.—Dutcll gle«k, drink: a Jocular the Cape of Good Hope, though it took him till the last
alliiition to the game of gleek as If tippling were the
: day. It Is said that he sometimes hails vessels with the right : as, when duty calls, one must obey.
favorite game of Dutchmen. Saree. request that they will take letters home for him. (/>> The For the parents iniurie was reuenged, and the duefteof
ship commanded by this captain.— HaUT Dutchman, nature performed or satisfied by the childe,
Nor could be partaker of any of the good cheer, except the IwMMieil iTow, Cnrnu comix. (Ixicai, F.ng.] J'uttenhajn, Arte of Eng. Poesle, p. 138.
it were the liquid part of It, which they call DuUh aletk,
where he plaled his cards so well, and vle<l and revled so Dutchman's-breeches (duch'manz-brich'ez), I taught my
wife her duty, made her see
often, that he had scarce an eye to see withaL n. The plant Dicentra Cucullaria : so called What it behoved her see an<l say and do,
Oayton, Notes on Don Quixote, p. 96. from its broadly two-spurred flowers. [U. S.] Feel in her heart and with her tongue d(-clare.
Browning, Ring and Book, I. 227.
Dutch gold. SeeX>u(cAiM(a<.— DntCblaoe, athiekami Dtttchman's-laadantuii (duch'manz-U''da-
not very open lace, like a coarse Valenciennes lace, niwiein num), n. Bullhoof, the flowers of which are O bard, when love and duly clash
the .Setherlands, generally by the peaaaiitH. Dutch leaf.— Tennyson, Princess, IL
See Dutch nwtoJ.— Dateh Uanldtso named because first used in Jamaica as a narcotic. It is asserted that we are so constituted that the notion
maiie by an association of Dutch chemists), a thin, oily li- Dntchman's-pipe (duch'manz-pip), n. The of duty furnishes in itself a natural motive of action of
quid, insoluble In water, having a pleasant, sweetish smell plant a climber with broad
.iristiilochia Sipho, the highest order, and wholly distinct from all the refine*
and taste. It Is a definite compound, ethylene dicblorid nandsome foliage: so called from the shape nients and modlflcatlons of self-interest.
(L'oIIiClj), formed by mixing ethylene or olefiant gas and Lecky, Europ, Morals, I. 189.
chlorln. It also ocean as a by-product In the manufac-
of the flowers. See cut under Aristolochia.
D^ity to one's countrymen and fellow-citizens, which is
ture of chloral.—-Dntch metU, one of the alloys used as [U. S.]
the social instinct guided by reason, is In all healthy com-
a cheap imitation of golil, and sold in the form of leaves, dutchyt, »• An obsolete
spelling of duchy. muidties the one thing sacred and supreme.
called Dutch ieaj or XeaS-ffotd. It is a kind of brass, con-
tainijlg 11 parts of copper to 2 of zinc, and is one of the
dateons (du'to-us), a. [< duty -ous (cf. beau- + W. K. Clifford, Lectures, 11. 69.
most malleable of alloys. It Is cast in thin plates aitd then teous, (. beauty -ous).} +
1. Dutiful; obedient; 3. Due obedience; submission; compliant or
rolle<l, and afterward beaten inti> rer>' thin leaves. It is subservient. [Rare.] obedient service.
used in bookliinding. — Dutch mjrrtle, oven, pink. >k'e As duteous to the vices of thy mistress
the nouns.— Dutch pins, ^.••y./i
Every subject's duty is the king's but every subject's
Dutch roller, rush. Aa badneas would desire. Shak., Lear, Iv. 6.
;

.See the noiiiw. — Dutch school, tlw ii;imf iipj.li.tl to a soulis his own. Shak., lien. V., iv. 1.

peculiar style of pinrilm.: whirh :itt;iiii-il its lii^lnst ile-

velopmeiit in the N'-lti- rhtiiil., li;irri' t- ri/* ! It) tip- >'-
A duteous daughter and a sister kind.
Dryden, On a Lady who Died at Bath.
4. Afeeling of obligation, or an act manifest-
<

ing such feeling an expression of submissive

;
lection of Hiitrjects of a low nr tniiinMii|iIiii 'hara- tcr. iui
2. Pertaining to or required by duty.
, '•
[Rare.] deference or respectful consideration. [Ar-
boors drinlting, butchers' shops, the mat^-Hals of the lard-
er, etc., but ralaed to the highest popularity by admirable With mine own tongue deny my sacred state. chaic or prov. Eng.]
imitation and general perfection of execution. Rem- With mine own breath release all duteous oaths. They both attone
brandt, Brouwer. Ostade, and Jan 8teen are among the Shak., Rich. II., iv. 1. Did dewty to their Lady, as became.
best-known masters of this peculiar school.— Dntch My ways ami wishes, looks and thoughts, she knows, Spenser, F. Q., II. Ix. 28.
STTUp. See the extract And duteous care by close attention shows. There also did the Corporation of Dover and the Earl
A kind
of syrup called colonial-syrup or Dutch-gyrup Ia Oaiiiw, Works, V. 52. of Wlnchelsea do their duties to him, In like sort
brought into <-oinmerce from those colonies where sugar England's Joy (Arber's Eng. Gamer, I. 27)t
ismanufactured from sugar-cane. duteously (dii'te-us-li), ctdv. In a duteous man-
I mtist entreat you to take a promise that you shall
Thauting, Beer (trans.), p. 217. ner. have the first [copy] for a testimony of that duty which I
Dutch talent (naut.), any piece of nautical work which, duteousness (dii'te-us-nes), n. The quality of owe to your love. Donne, Letters, xiv.
while it may answer the purpose, and even show a certain being duteous. He craved so for news of Sylvia, even though It
. . .
Ingenuity, is not done in clever, shipshape style defined was only that she sent her duty to him,
goes before, whatever duteouxnMS or obaervance
:

If piety
by sailors as " main strength ami stupidity^ "— Ihltcb tile. Mrs. Oaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, xlx.
comes afterwards, it cannot easily be amiss.
See tOc.- Dutch White. See wAi/*. —
Dutch wife, an Jer. Taylor, Rule of Conscience, ill. 6.
6. Any requisite procedure, service, business,
open frame of ratan or cane, used in hot weather in the
butch East Indies and other tropical countries to rest dutiable (du'ti-a-bl), a. [< duty + -able."] Sub- or office ; that which one ought to do ; particu-
the arms and legs upon while In bed. — To talk like a
jeA't to a customs duty as, dutiable goods.
: larly, any stated service or function: as, the
Dutch uncle, to Ulk with great but kindly severity ami
directness, as If with the authority and unsparing frank- dutied (du'tid), a. [< duty + -ed'^.'i Subjected duties of one's station in life ; to go or be on
ness of an uucle from whom one ha* expectaUooa. to duties or customs. [U. S., and rare.] duty; the regiment did duty in Flanders.
 — : . — ;;

duty 1806 dwarfllng

Fear God, and keep his commandments for this ts the
whole duty ol man. Eccl. xii. 13.
:
D-valve (de'valv), n. A valve for opening and Of that Citee was Zacheus the Dwerf, that clomb up In
to the Sycomour Tre, for to see oure Lord be cause he
closing the induction and eduction passages was so litille, he myghte not seen him for the peple.
;

To employ him on the hardest and most imperative of a steam-en-

Hatlam. Uandeville, Travels, p. 98.
duty.
gine cylinder: so Behind her farre away a Dwarfe did lag.
6. In mech., the number of foot-pounds of work called from its That lasie seemd, in being ever last.
done per bushel or per hundredweight of fuel plan resembling Spenser, F. Q., I. i. 6.
consumed: as, the duty of a steam-engine. the letter D. The Beneath an oak, mossed o'er by eld.
an obligation ; com- The Baron's X>w'ar/his courser held.
7t. That which is due ; usual form of the D-
Scott, L. of L. M., ii. 31.
pensation; dues. valve is shown in fig.
1, where it is seen 2. An animal or a plant much below the ordi-
And right as Judas hadde parses smale
And was a theef, right swiche a theef was he.
detached, and at a
a, fig. 2, which
rep-
nary size of its species. 3. In Scand. myth., —
His master hadde but half his dttetee. resents a section of a
a diminutive and generally deformed being,
Chaucer, Friar's Tale, 1. 6934. steam-cylinder and dwelling in rocks and hills, and distinguished
They neither regarded to sette him to schole, nor while nozles. for skill in working metals.
he was at schoole to pale his schoolemaister's auetie. dwale (dwal), «. II. a. Of small stature or size ; of a size
J. Udall, tr. ol Apophthegms of Erasmus, p. 369. ME. dwale,
[< smaller than that common to its kind or spe-
The man shall give unto the woman a ring, laying the dwole, error, de- cies: as, a dwa)/ palm dwarf trees. Among gar-
;
same upon the book, with the accustomed duty to the lusion, also, in deners dwarf is used to distinguish fruit-trees of which
Priest and Clerk. Rubric in Carriage (1552).
later use, dwale, the branches spring from the stem near the ground from
Do thy duty, and have thy duty. Shak., T. of the S., iv. 1. riders or standards, the original stocks of which are several
a sleeping-po- feet in height.
8. A tax or impostexcise or customs dues ; the
; tion, deadly In the northern wall was a dwarf door, leading by break-
sum of money levied by a government upon cer- nightshade, < neck stairs to a pigeon-hole.
tain articles, specifically on articles imported or AS. dwola (rare- R. F. Burton, El-Medinah, p. 92.
exported: as, the stamp duty of Great Britain; ly dwala), ge-dwola, error, delusion, heresy; ef Many of the dwar/bicycles now offered for sale, though
the legacy duty; the duties on sugar; ad valo- D. dwaal- (in comp.), delusion, OHG. twdla, = they have merits of their own, are anything but safeties.
Bury and Hillier, Cycling, p. 28.
rem and specific duties. MHG. twdle, delay ; Icel. dvali, sleep, lethargy Similar to it [B. Aquifolium], but different in foliage
To dames discreet, the duties yet unpaid, (Haldorsen), dvala, also dviil, pi. dvalar, a short and dwarfer in growth, is B. repens.
His stores of lace and hyson he convey'd. stay, a stop, pause ; Sw. dvala, a trance, ec- Set. Amer., N. S., LVI. 292.
Crabbe, Works, I. 55. stasy, =
Dan. dvale, torpor, lethargy, a trance Dwarf bay, bilberry, cherry, etc. See the nouns.
The word duties is often used as synonymous with ta.\es, (dvale-drik, a sleeping-potion, dvalc-bcer, man- Dwarf dove, a small ground-dove of the genus Chamce-
but is more often used as equivalent to customs the latter ;
drake) words variously formed and connected
:
pelia (or Columbifjallina). There are several species, all
being taxes levied upon goods and merchandise which are American, the best-known being C. pacserina, common in
exported or imported. In this sense, ditties are equivalent with AS. "dival, *dwol, dol (= Goth, dwals, etc.), southern parts of the United States. See cut underground-
to imposts, although the latter word is often restrained stupid, foolish, dull (see dulP-), and with the dove. —
Dwarf lemur, a small lemur of the genus Micro-
to duties on goods and merchandise which are imported secondary verbs AS. dwelian, mislead, intr. cebus (which see).— Dwarf male, in alga; of the group
from abroad. Andrews, itevenue Laws, § 133. err, dwelian, hinder, mislead, dwelian, remain, (Edogoniex, a small, short-lived plant consisting of only
a few cells, developed iu the vicinity of the oogonium
Alnage duties. See alnane. — Breach of duty. See dwell, etc. all ult. from the strong verb rep-
;
from a peculiar zoospore, and producing antherozooids.
ftmicA. — Countervailing duties. See countervailing,— resented by AS. *dicelan, pret. "dwal, "dwol, pp. Dwarf quail, a small quail of the genus Excalfacturia,
.Samo as discriminatintj duty (which
Differential duty.
see, un(ier discriminating). — Malls and dutlest. See ge-dwolen, mislead: see further under dweH, and as the Chniese dwarf quail, E. sinensis. Dwarf snake, —
cf. dwale, v., dwalm.] a serpent of the family Calamariidte (which see), of dimin-
»noi7'!.— To do duty for. See dol. = Sya. 8. Custom, Ex- If. Error; delusion.
utive size, and with non-distensible jaws, very generally
cise, etc. See tax, n. The Goddes lamb than clenge sale distributed over the globe, found under stones and logs.
duty-free (du'ti-fre), a. Free from tax or duty. This wreched werld fra sinful duale. There are several genera and species. Dwarf thrush, a —
duumvir (du-um' v6r), n. ; pi. duumviri, duumvirs Cursor Mundi, 1. 12840. small variety of the hermit-thrush, found in the Western
(-vi-ri, -v6rz). [L., usually, and orig., in pi. du- 2t. A
sleeping-potion ; a soporific. States Turdus nanus. ; —
Dwarf wall, specifically, a wall
umviri, more correctly duoviri (sing.duovir), i.e., of less height than a story of a building. The term is
To bedde goth Aleyn, and also Jon, generally applied to walls which support the sleeper-joists
duo viri, two men duo = E. two ; viri, pi. of vir =
: Ther nas no more, hem needede no dwale. under the lowest floor of a building.
AS. u?er, a man. Ct. centumvir, decemvir.'] In Chaucer, Reeve's Tale, 1. 241.
d'Warf (dwarf), V. [< dwarf, «.] I. trans. 1.
Rom. hist., one of two officers or magistrates The frere with hus fisik this folke hath enchaimted,
And doth men drynke dwale that men dredeth no synne. To
hinder from growing to the natural size
united i^j the same public function. The ofBcers make or keep small ; prevent the due develop-
Piers Plowman (C), xxiii. 379.
specifically so called were either the highest magistrates
of municipal towns or persons appointed for some occa- 3. The deadly nightshade, Atropa Belladonna,
ment of ; stunt.
sional service, the kind of duty in ail cases being indicated which possesses stupefying or poisonous prop- Thus it was that the national character of the Scotch
by a descriptive term as, duumviri navales, officers for
:
was, in the seventeenth century, dwarfed and mutilated.
erties. Buckle, Civilization, II. v.
equippinu' .iiiii repairing the fleet.
Dwale, or sleeping nightshade, hath round blackish
duumviracy (du-um'vi-ra-si),' n. [< duumvi- The habit of brooding over a single idea is calculated to
stalkes, &c. This kind of nightshade causeth sleep.
rate : see -aoy.] The union of
'
two persons in dwarf the soundest mind.
Qerarde, Herball (ed. T. Johnson), ii. 56. Dr. Ray, in Huxley and Youmans' Physiol., § 508.
authority or office. [Rare.]
4. Inker., a sable or black color Deadly dwale, The window heads have been dwarfed down to mere
A cunning complicating of Presbyterian and Indepen- the Acuistus arborescens, a small solanaceous tree of framings for masks.
dent principles and interests together, that they may rule tropical America, nearly allied to Atropa. It bears yellow J, Fergusson, Hist Indian Arch., p. 124.
in their Duumviracy. berries.
Bp. Qauden, Tears of the Church, p. 438.
You may dwarf a man to the mere stump of what he
d'wale (dwal), V. i. pret. and pp. dwaled, ppr. ; ought to be, and yet he will put out green leaves.
dnnniTiral (du-um'vi-ral), a. [= F. duumviral dwaling. [See dwell.] To mutter deliriously. G. W. Cable, Grandissimes, p. 331.
= It. duumvirate, < L. duumviralis, < duumviri Dunglison. [Devonshire, Eng.] 2. To cause to appear less than reality ; cause
see duumvir and -al.'] Pertaining to Roman dwaun, d'waum (dwam, dwam), n. [Sa.j also to look or seem small by comparison: as, the
duumviri, or to a duumvirate. written dualm, dwam; < ME. "dwolme, < AS. cathedral dwarfs the hotises around it.
duumvirate (dii-um'vi-rat), n. [= F. duum- dwolma, a confusion, chaos, hence a gulf, chasm The larger love
virat = Sp. duunvirato =
Pg. duumvirato = It. (cf. OS. dwalm, delusion, OHG. twalm, stupe- = That dwarfs the petty love of one to one.
Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien.
duumvirato, < L. duumviratus, < duumviri: see faction, a stupefying drink), < *dwelan, pp. ge-
duumvir and -afeS.] The union of two men in dwolen, mislead, lead into error: see dwell, The mind stretches an hour to a century, and dwarfs
the same office, or the office, dignity, or gov- dwale, and dull^.] A swoon; a sudden fit of
an age to an hour. Emerson, Old Age.
And who could blame the generous weakness
ernment of two men thus associated, as in an- sickness. Which, only to thyself unjust.
cient Rome. Hir Majestic this nicht has had sum dwaumes of . . .
So overprized the work of others.
swooning. And dwarfed thy own with self-distrust?
duumviri, n. Latin plural of duumvir. Letter of Council of State, in Keith's Hist., App., p. 183.
[F., < OP. duvet, down, wool, Whiltier, A Memorial, M. A. C.
duvet (dii-va'), »•
When a child is seized with some undeflaable ailment,
nap.] A quilt or comfortable stuffed with
common to say, "It's just some dwaum." Jamieson.
it is
II. intrans. To become less ; become dwarf-
swans' down or eider-down. ish or stunted.
dux (duks), n. ; pi. duces (du'sez). [L., a lead- d'Wang (dwang), n. A strut inserted between As it grew, it dwarfed. Buckle, Civilization, II. ii.

leader; a A the timbers of a floor to stiffen them. [Scotch.]

er, general, chief : Bee duke^.l 1. The region where the herbage began to dwarf.
chief; specifically, the head or chief pupil of a dwarf (dwarf), n. and a. [< ME. dwarf, dwerf, L. Wallace, Ben-Hur, p. 7.

m where / represents the changed soimd (so in.

class or division some public schools. Imp. dwarfish (dwar'fish), a. [< dwarf + -ish^.] 1.
Diet. —
2. In music, the subject or theme of a
LG. below) of the guttural, which also took a
different development in the parallel ME. dwc-
Like a dwarf; below the common stature or
fugue distinguished from the comes or answer. size; diminutive]: as, a dwarfish animal; a
—
:

rowe, dwerwe (mod. E. as if *dwarrow ; cf. ar-

duyker, duykerbok (di'kfer, -bok), n. [< D. dwarfish Bh.Tab. 2. Slight; petty; despicable.
= row, barrow, etc.), < dwergh, dwerk(whenae also
duiker, = E. ducker, + bok E. ftucZ;.] The The king ... is well prepar'd
diving-buck, or impoon, Cephalophus mergens,
mod. dial, durgan), a dwarf, particularly as an To whip this dwarfish war, these pigmy arms,
attendant, < AS. dweorg, dweorh, a dwarf (def. From out the circle of his territories.
an antelope of South Africa so called from its
=D. dwerg, a dwarf, = MLG. dwerch, dwarch,
:

1), Shak., K. John, v. 2.

habit of plunging through and under the bushes
in flight instead of leaping over them. There
dwark = LG. dwarf, a dwarf, contr. dorf, an dwarflshly (dw&r'fish-li), adv. Like a dwarf
are several species of Cephalophus, besides the one men- insignificant person or thing, =
OHG. twerg, in a dwarfish manner.
tioned, to which the name is also applicable. See cut MHG. twerc, quereh, swerch, G. zwerg, a dwarf, The painter, the sculptor, the composer, the epic rhap-
under Cephalophus. = Icel. dvergr =
Sw. and Dan. dverg, a dwarf. sodist, the orator, all partake one desire, namely, to ex-
duyong, n. Same as dugong. The mythological sense appears esp. in Scand., press themselves symmetrically and abundantly, not dirar/-
ishly and fragmentarily. Emerson, The Poet
duzine, n, [< D. dozijn, a dozen: see dozen."] and may be the orig. sense.] I. n. 1. per- A
A body of twelve men, governing a village. son of very small size ; a human being much dwarflshness (dwar'fish-nes), n. Smallness of
[N. Y., colonial, local.] below the ordinary stature. True dwarfs (some of stature ; littleness of size.
The patentees are said to have been called the "Twelve the most celebrated of whom have been from 3 to less than Science clearly explains this dwarflshness produced by
Men" or Duzine, and to have had both legislative and 2 feet in height) are usually well formed but dwarflshness
; great abstraction of heat showing that, food and other
;

judicial powers in town affairs. is often accompanied by deformity or caused by dispro- things being equal, it unavoidably result^
Johns Hopkins Univ. Stud., IV. 55. portion of parts. In ancient, medieval, and later times, //. Spencer, Education, p. 247.
dwarfs have been in demand as personal attendants upon
D, V. An abbreviation of the Latin Deo volente, ladies and noblemen and the ancient Romans practised dwarfllng
;
(dwarf 'ling), n. [< du-arf dim. +
God willing. See Deo volente. methods of dwarfing persons artificially. -Ung^.] A
very small dwarf a pygmy. ;
 ; .—— ;

dwarfling i8or dyaster

When the Dtcarjiing did perceiae me, d'well (dwel), n. [< dwell, r.] In printing, the AS. dwinan, pine away, d-windle,
. . . MD. dwy- =
Sklpt he soone into a corner.
Si/ltetter, The Woodman's Bear.
brief continuation of pressure in the taking of nen LG. dwinen Icel. dvina, dvina, dvena = =
an impression on a hand-press or an Adams Sw. tvina, pine away, languish; cf. Dan =
dwarfy (dwar'fl), a. [< dtcarf -yl.] Small +
press, supposed to set or fasten the ink more tvine, whine, whimper. Hence dicindle.'] To
(Iwarlish. hrmly in the paper. pine; decline, especially by sickness; fade or
Though I am squint-eyed, lame, bald, dtoarfy, Ac, yet dweller (dwel'fer), n. [< ME. dwellere, < dwell- waste : usually with away.
these deformities are joys.
Waterhoux, Apol. for Learning (1653X p. 65.
e», dwell: see dwell, vJ] An inhabitant; a resi- DueUulli sche dwiiied awaie bothe dayes & nistes.
dent of some continuance in a place. William of Paleme (E. E. T. S.), 1. 678.
dwanm, n. See dwalm. And it was known onto all the dwellers at Jerusalem. Mi loue euere wexinge be.
dwell (dwel), e. ; pret. and pp. dwelled, more Acts i. 19. So that y neuere dwynne.
usually dicelt, ppr. dwelUng. [< ME. dtcellen Dweller in yon dungeon dark. Hymns to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 27.
(pret. dwellede, dwelede, dwelde, dtcalde, dwelte, Bums, Ode on Mrs. Oswald. He Just divined away, and we hadn't taken but one
dwelt), intr. linger, remain, stay, abide, dwell, Dweller on the threshold, in occultism, an imaginary whale l>efore our captain died, and first mate took tli'
being or spirit, of frightful aspect and malicious chai'ac- command. Mrs. Oaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ix.
also err, tr. mislead ; < AS. (a) dweUan (pret.
dwealde), tr., mislead, deceive, hinder, pre-
ter, supposed to be encountered on the threshold of oiie's
studies in psychic science, as a kind of Cerberus guarding
d'Wt. contraction of pennyweight, d. standing A
vent; (6) dwelian (also in eomp. gedwelian and the realm of spirit. Bulwer. for Latin denarius, a penny, and wt. for weight.
ddicelian) (pret. dwelede, dwelode), tr. mislead, dwelling (dwel'ing), n. [< ME. dwelling, duell- dyad
(di'ad), «. and a. [< LL. dyas (dyad-), <
deceive, intr. err, wander; (c) dwelian (pret. ing, delay, continuance, an abode, verbal n. of Gr.
dva( (dvad-), the number two, < <5io E. =
dwelode), intr., remain, dwell (rare in this dwellen, dwell.] If. Delay. Chaucer. 2f. Con-
fico, q. v.] I. ». 1. Two— units treated as one
sense) ; (d) dwolian, rarely dwalian, comp. gc- tinuance; stay; sojourn. a pair ; a couple.
dwolian, intr., err, wander; D. dwalen, err, = =
Therefore euery man bithinke him weel A point answers to a monad, and a line to a dyad, and
a superficies to a triad.
MLG. dwelen, dwalen, err, be foolish, LG. dwa- How litil while is his dwellynge. Ciidworth, Intellectual System, p. 376.
len, intr. err, tr. mislead, cheat, OS. bi-dwelian, = Hymns to rirffin, etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 94.
=
OHG. twaljan, twellan, MHG. 3. Habitation; residence; abode; lodgment. 2. In chem., an elementary substance each of
hinder, delay,
twellen, ticelen, tr. hinder, delay, intr. linger, Ne no wighte male, by my clothing,
whose atoms, in combining with other atoms
or molecules, is equivalent in saturating power
wait, =Icel. ilvelja, intr. wait, tarry, tr. delay, Wete with wtiat folke is my dwelliny.
Bom, of the Rose, to two atoms of hydrogen. For example, oxygen is
lefer, refl. dveljaak, stay, make a stay, 8w. = a dyad as seen in the compound HqO (water), where one
'.vfiljas, intr., dwell, =
Dan. dvcele, intr., linger, Thy dveUing shall be with the beasts of the Held.
Dan. iv. 32. atom of oxygen combines with and saturates two atoms
loiter; all secondary verbs, more or less mix- of hydrogen.
The condition of that fardel, the place of your dwelling,
ed in forms and senses, and with numerous your names? Shak., W. T., iv. 3. 3. In morphology, a secondary unit of organi-
derivatives, ult. from the strong verb repre- zation, resulting from individuation or integra-
sented by AS. 'dwelan (pret. 'dical, 'dwol, pp.
4. place A
of residence or abode ; an abiding-
specifically, a house for residence; a
tion of an aggregate of monads. See monad. —
gedwolen), mislead, cause to err (pp. as adj., Slace; 4. In math., an expression signifying the oper-
welling-house. =
perverse, erring), =
OS. for-dwelan, neglect, ation of multiplying internally by one vector
OHG. ar-twelan, become dull, stupid, or lifeless,
except as
Haior
There
shall be a dwelling for dragons.
was a neat white
Jer. xlix. 33.
<fi«i/in<7 on the hill, which we took
and then by another Pythagorean dyad, the
number two considered as an essence or constituent of
—
ga-twelan, stop, sleep (not in Goth,
to he the parsonage. B. Taylor, Northern Travel, p. 350. being.
in deriv. dwals, stupid, foolish, etc.: see duVX)\
prob. from a root repr. by Skt. dhvar, bend dwelling-lioase (dwel'ing-hous), n.
V house II. a. Same as dyadic. A
or make crooked. See dwale, dull^, doltJ] I. occupied or intended to be occupied as a resi- dyad-deme
(di'ad-dem), «. colony or aggre- A
gate of undifferentiated dyads. See monad-
intrans. 1. To linger; delay; continue; stay; dence.
remain. One Messuage or Jheelliiwe-houMe^ called the Viccaredge deme.
I ne dar no leng dtceUe her. house. Recrrd Soc. of Laneashxre and Ctieshire, I. 13. A secondary unit or dyad, this rising through dyad-
For ihc wu sent as Mnaager. denies into a triad. Encyc, Brit., XVI. 848.
King Ham (E. dwelling-place (dwel'ing-plas), n. [< ME.
place of residence; an dyadic (di-ad'ik), o. and n. [< dyad + -ic]
E. T. S.X p. 48.
hane wonder
dwellynge place,'] A
Sertes, ich
abiding-place. I. a. 1. Pertaining or relating to the number
Where my doubter to-day dictlUs thus longe.
two, or to a dyad; consisting of two parts or
WMiam tif PaUme (E. E. T. S.X L ISW.
Vat qwat broyer or syster be ded of yl» gylde, ye aldyr-
Thei . hav not here a dweUynge ptaet for evere.
. .

riA:fi^, Select Work* (ei Arnold), III. 197. elements: as, a dyarfic metal. 2. In Gr.pros.: —
man and alle ye gylde breyeryn and systen scboUyn be There, where seynt Kateryne was boryed, is nouther (a) Comprising two different rhj-thms ormeters:
redl to bere hym to ye chyrcbe, and affyrryn as It uome Cbircbe ne Chapellc, ne other duellynge ilaee, as, a dyadic epiploce. (6) Consisting of peri-
•eyde, and dwiiU yer tylle ye meaae be don, and be beryld. MandemUe, Travels, p. 62. copes, or groups of systems each of which con-
JSngluk OibU (E. E. T. 8.X p. 88.
The Church of Christ hath been hereby made, not " a tams two unlike systems as, a dyadic poem. :

Oo, and let den of thieves," but in a manner the very dwelling-place Dyadic arithmetic. Siune as binarii arithmetic (which
The old men of the city, ere they die. of foul spirit*. Hooker, Eccle*. Polity, vii. 24. sec, under iiiiian/). — Dyadic dlsyntheme, any combina-
Kiss thee, the matrons dveU about thy ntck. tion of dyads, witli or wittiout repetition, in which each
This wretehed Inn, where we scarce (tay to bait.
B. Jomm, Catiline, T. 8.
We call our Dwelling-plaee, element occurs twice and no ottener.— Dyadic syn-
8. To abide as a permanent resident; reside; Cowley, Pindaric Odes, xli. 1. tbeme, a similar combination in which each element oc-
curs only once.
have abode or habitation permanently or for dwelt (dwelt). Preterit and past participle of
Also dyad, duadic.
aome time. dwell. n. 1. In»iafft.,asumof dyads. See dyad.
H.
In that Desert dtuUyn manye of Arrabyenes.
MandemUe, Traveli, p. 63.
dwindle (dwin'dl), v. i. pret. ;

ppr. dwindling^ [Freq. (for 'dwinle) of ME.

and pp. dwindled, — 2. The science of reckoning with a system of
numerals in which the ratio of values of succes-
God shall enlarge Japheth, and be sluUl dwtU in the 1 . To
tent* of 8hem. Oen. iz. 27.
dwiften, waste away, dwine see dtcine.]
diminish ; become less shrink ; waste or con-
;
:
sive places is two —
Complete dyadic, i^ec cmnplete.
— Conjugate dyadlcs. See cmhimie.— Cyclic dyadl(L
Nor till her lay was ended coold I more. sume away with by or from before the cause,
: a (iya<lic u liii h may l>u expres-sed to any (le^ircd dc;;ree of
But wiib'd to dmtl tor ever in the grore. apjiroxiniation as a rtwt of a unity or universal idemfac-
Drydeti, Flower and Leaf, L 135. and to, in, or in to before the effect or result : as,
t<»r.— Linear dyadic, a dyadic reilucible to a dyad.
And Virtue cannot dtcM with slaTea, nor reign the body dwindles by pining or consumption; Planar dyadic, a dyadic which can be reduced to the sum
O'er those who cower to take a tyrant's yolce. an estate dwindles from waste ; an object dwin- of two dyads. —
Shearing dyadic, a <lyailic expressing a
Bryant, The Age*. dles in size as it recedes from view /ro»> its ;
simple or complex shear.— Unlplanar dyadic, a planar
constant exposure, the regiment dwindled to a dyadic in wliich the plane of the antecedents coincides
8t. To live; be; exist: without reference to witli tliat of the consequents.
plaoe. skeleton.
Dyak (di'ak), «. One of a native race inhab-
There was dwiUyngt somtyme a ryche man, and it is Weary sev'n nights, nine times nine.
Shall he dwincUe, peak, and pine.
iting Borneo, the largest island of the Malay
not loose sitben, *nd men clept him Oatholonabe* ; and he
MandemUe, Trarel*, p. 277. Shak., Macbeth, 1. 3. archipelago. The Dyaks are numerically the leading
wa* fnUe of Caatele*.
people of the island, and arc usually believed to be its
fiya natural and constant transfer, the one [estate] had
Ttt dwell OB or upon. (<) To keep the attention Axed aliorigines. Also Dajiak, Dayakker,
on ; regard with attention or interest. been extended the other had dwindled lo nothing.
;

MaeatUay, Hallam's Const. Hist. dyakis-dodecaliedron (di''a-kis-d6'dek-a-he'-

They stand at a distance duxUint/ on hi* looks and Ian.
Buekminster. In the common Triton of our ponds, the external lungs dron), Ji. [< Gr. (iuawf, twice, + iudcKdeSpov, a
gnage, flied in amaxement. Same
or branchife dwindle away when the internal lungs have dodecahedron: see dodecahedron."] as
The mind moat abide and dictU upon things, or be always grown to maturity. H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 458. diploid.
a stranger to the Inside of them. South.
2. To degenerate ; sink ; fall away in quality. The dyakisdodecahedron, bounded by twenty-four tra-
Do yon not, for Instann, dweO on the tbonght of wealth pezoids "with two sides e<|Ual, has twelve short, twelve
and splendoar till yoa coret these tainporat olesaings? Religious societies ... are said to have dwindled into
factious clubs. Swift. long,and twenty-four intennediate edges.
J. n. Semnan, Parochial Sermons, L 89.
Jineye. Brit,, XVI. 355.
Then Lancelot lifted hi* large eye* they dwelt The flattery of his friend* began to dwindle into simple
Deep-tranced on hers. Tennyson, Balin and Balan.
;
approbation. Ooldsmith, Vicar, lii. dyarchy (di'ftr-ki), n.j pi. di/arc*ic« (-kiz). [<
= 8yn. 1. Diminish, etc, (see decrease); attenuate, become Gr. Svapx'a, dyarchy, i dvo, two, +
apxeiv, rule,
(t) To continue on occupy a lone time with speak or
; ;
govern.] A
government by two; a diarchy.
write about at great length or with great fullness : as, to attenuated, decline, fall off, fall away.
litKM on a note in mnsic ; toduM upon a subject. dwindle! (dwin'dl), n. [< dwindle, e.] Grad- Also duarchy.
ual decline or decrease; a wasting away; de- The name Dyarchy, given by Dr. Mqmmsen to the Con-
But I shall not dvell upon apecnUtioii* *o abatracted a*
stitution of Augustus, is not yet sufBciently Justified.
ihU. SteeU, 8pecUtor, No. 19. generacy; decline. The Academy, Feb. 26, 1888, p. 128.
I must not dueU on that defeat of fame. However inferior to the heroes who were bom In better
TVnnyson, Onlnerere. ages,he might still be great among his contemporaries, [NL. use of LL. dyas, the
Dyas (di'as), n.
To dwell under one's vine and flg-tree, to live in with the hope of growing every day greater in the dimndte number two : see dyad.] In gcol., a name some-
>n«''a own iioine enjoy tin- iKJS8eH8i'>ri (-r » home in one's
;
of posterity. Johnson, Milton. times applied to the Permian system, from its
<»n riRlit.
liniu!. etc.
1 Ki.
See alfide^.
iv, '.a. =8yn. 2. Abidr, Sojourn, Oon-
dwindlement (dwin'dl-ment), n. [< dwiitdle being divided into two principal groups. Com-
n.t trans. 1. To inhabit. + 'Mcnt.] A dwindled state or condition; de- pare Trias. See Permian.
creased size, strength, etc. Dyassic (di-as'ik), o. Pertaining or belonging
We sometimes
to the Dyas or Permian.
Who diesfZ
this wild, constrain'd by want, come forth. It was with a sensation of dreadful dwimtlement that
To town or Tillage. MUton, P. R., i. 331. poor Vincent crossed the street again to his lonely al>o<Ie. dyaster (di-as't6r), ». [NL., < Gr. <!{o, = E.
2. To place as an inhabitant plant.
Mrs. Oliphani, Halem Chapel, i. two, +
aoT^/p =
E. star.] The double-star fig-
ure occurring in or resulting from caryooinesis.
;

The promise of the Father, wh*i uliall dieelt d'Wine (dwin), v. i.; pret. and pp. dwined, ppr.
His Spirit within them. MMon, P. L., xiL 487. dunning. [E. dial, and Sc., < ME. dwinen, < Also spelled diaster.
 : ;

dye 1808 dynamic

dye^ ((H), v. t; pret. and pp. dyed, ppr. ,- ^- in the place of a dye, although insoluble and dynagraph (di'na^graf), n. [Short for dynam-
[\Formerly also die;
AS. dedgian, degian, dye,
< ME. dyen, dien, deyen,<.
color, < dcdg, dedh, a
not properly a dye Dyestone ore, an iron ore of
great economical importance in the United States. Also
— ograph, q. v.] A machine for reporting the con-
dition of a railroad-traek, the speed of a train,
"dedgan, a strong verb found only called .fossil, dyestone fossil, flaxseed, and Clinton ore.
dye, color, <
See Clinton ore, under ore. and the power (and consumi)tion of coal aud wa-
once, in pret. deog, dye, tinge, prob. (like tinge, ter) used in traversing a given distance. The
dyestuff (di'stnf), n. In com., any dyewood,
< L. UHoere), orig. wet, moisten, and allied to AS. lichen, powder, or dye-cake used most important machine of this class was built by Professor
in dyeing and Dudley, and is employed in examining road-beds in all
^eiw, E. (feMJ, and so to E. dag"^, dew, and deg, staining.
The most important dyestuffs are cochineal, parts of the United States. It consists of a paper ribbon
moisten, sprinkle : seedewi.] 1. To fix a color madder, indigo, logwood, fustic, quercitron-bark, and the arranged to pass under a series of recording pens, and
or colors iu the substance of by immersion in various preparations of aniline. Also called dyeware. moved by means of gearing from one of the axles of the
a properly prepared bath ; impregnate with col- dye-trial (di'tri'al), n. experiment with An car in which it is placed. The mechanical recording ap-
oring matter held in solution. The matters used coloring matters to determine their value as pliances give the tension on the draw-bar, showing tlie re-
sistance of the car, its speed, the distance traveled abso-
for dyeing are obtained from vegetables, animals, and dyes. Such experiments are usually performed by dyeing lutely, and in a given number of seconds, minutes, and
minerals and the subjects to which they are applied are
;
small pieces of yarn or fabric, of equal size, in Ijcakers, one hours. The oscillations of the car, also the level of the
porous materials in general, but especially wool, cotton, of which contains the coloring matter in question, tlie rails, the alinement, the condition of the joints of the
silk, linen, hair, skins, feathers, ivory, wood, and marble. j>ther a standard of the same colorant. rails, and the elevations of the rails at curves, are all me-
The great diversity of tint obtained in dyeing is the result
Never less than two dye-trials should be carried out at chanically traced on the paper band. Besides this, by
of the combination of two or more simple coloring sub-
once, viz., one with the new colouring matter, the other Biniple electrical connections, the amount of water and
stances with one another or with certain chemical re-
agents. To render the colors permanent, the subseqtient with a colouring matter of known value, which is taken coal consumed in the engine, the pressure of the steam,
application of a mordant, or the precipitation of the col- as the " type." Benedikt, Coal-tar Colours (trans.), p. 57. the mile-posts, stations, etc., are recorded from the car
or from the engine, and all these records appear side by
oring matter by the direct use of a mordant, is usually re-
quired but when aniline and some other artiflcial dyes
;
dye-vat (di'vat), n. bath containing dyes, A side upon the paper. See seismograph.
are used, no mordant is necessary. The superficial appli- and fitted with an apparatus for immersing the dynam (di'nam), «. [< Gr. ivvafiiQ, power,
catiou of pigments to tissues by means of adhesive vehi- fabrics to be colored. mi^ht, strength, faculty, capacity, force, etc.,
cles such as oil and albumen, as in painting or in some dyeware (di'war), n. Same as dyestuff. < 6waa6ai, be able, capable, strong enough (to
kinds of calico-printing, does not constitute dyeing, be-
cause the coloring bodies so applied do not penetrate the The reaction which ensues is not produced by any other do), pass for, signify, perhaps allied to L. du-
fiber, and are not intimately incorporated with it. dye-ware. Ure, Diet., IV. 354. rus, hard: see dure, «.] 1. A
unit of work,
2. To overspread with color, as by effusion; dyeweed (di'wed), n. Same as dycr's-broom. equal to a weight of one pound raised through
tinge or stain in general. dyewood (di'wud), n. Any wood from which one foot a foot-pound.
; —
2. A force, or a force
I cannot rest dye is extracted. and a couple, the resultant of all the forces act-
Until the white rose that I wear be dyed
lukewarm
dye-works An estab-
(di'wferks), n. sing. OT pi. ing together on a body. Also spelled dyname.
Even in the blood of Henry's heart. lishment in which dyeing
carried on. is Dynamene (di-nam'e-ne), n. [NL., < Gr. 6vva-
Shak., 3 Hen. VI., i. 2.
dygogram (di'go-gram), n. [< 6r. Sv(vafii(), jiivri, fem. of dmajicvo^, ppr. of divaabat, be able
Mony o' Murry's men lay gaspin.
An' dyit thi grund wi theire bleid. power, yu^via), angle, +
ypajijia, anything + Qdlmauig, -power): see dynam.'] 1. A
genus of
Battle of Corichie (ChUd's Ballads, VII. 213). written.] A
diagram containing a curve gen- brachyurous decapod crustaceans, of the family
Their [maidens'] cheekes were died with vermilion. erated by the motion of a line drawn from a Dromiidce. —
2. A
genus of calyptoblastic hy-
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 807. fixed origin, and representing in direction and droids, of the family Sertulariidce. D. pumila
Over the front door trailed a luxuriant woodbine, now magnitude the horizontal component of the is an example. 3.— A
genus of spur-heeled
dyed by the frosts into a dark claret. force of magnetism on a ship's compass-needle cuckoos: same as £«rf^na JMi/s. Stephens. [Not
S, Judd, Margaret, ii. 8.
while the ship makes a complete circuit. The in use.] — 4. A genus of isopods, of the family
To dye In grain. See <7raini.— To dye Scarlett, to coui'se of the ship is marked on the curve. There are two
drink deep drink till the face becomes scarlet.
Sph(eromidiv. —
5. A genus of lepidopterous in-
; kinds of dygogram, according as it is supposed to be fixed sects. Hiibner, 1816.
dyel (di), n. [< ME. *deye, *deghe (not found), in space during the rotation of the ship or fixed on the ship.
s AS. dedg, dedh, a dye, color: see the verb, dying (di'ing), n. [Verbal n. of die\ v.'] The dynameter (di-nam'e-ter), n. [A contr. of dy-
namometer, which is differently applied: see
which is orig. from the noun.] 1. Coloring act of expiring ; loss of life death.
matter in solution ; a coloring liquor.
;
dynamometer.'] An instrument for determin-
Always bearing about in the body the dying of the Lord ing the magnifying power of telescopes, it
A kind of shell-flsh, having in the midst of his jaws a Jesus, that the life also of Jesus might be made manifest consists of a small tube with a transparent plate, exactly
certain white vein, which containeth that precious liquor in our body. 2 Cor. iv. 10.
divided, which is fixed to the tube of a telescope, in order
a die of soveraign estimation. Sandys, Xravailes, p. 168.
d3ring (di'ing), j). a. [< ME. dyinge, diyng, with to measure the diameter of the distinct image of the ob-
Z. Color; hue; tint; tinge. older term, diend, diand, etc. ppr. of die^, v. ject-glass. ;

And creeping shrubs of thousand dyea
Waved in the west winds summer sighs.
Scott, L. of the L., i. 11.
In some uses, as dying hour, dying bed, etc. (def s. dynametric, dynametrical (di-na-met'rik, -ri-
4, 5), the word is the verbal noun used attribu-
kal), a. [< dynameter + -ic, -ical."} Pertaining
to a dynameter.
tively.] 1 Physically decaying failing from
. ;

dye^t, V. i. An obsolete spelling of die^. life approaching death or dissolution ; mori- dynamic
;
(di-nam'ik), a. and n. [< Gr. SvvafUKd^,
dye^t, »• An obsolete spelling of die^. bund: as, a dying man; a dying tree. powerful, efficacious, < diva/xi^, power: see dy-
You shall no more deal with the hollow dye nam.] I. a. 1. Pertaining to mechanical forces
Or the frail card. B. Jonson, Alchemist, 11. 1.
The noise of battle hurtled in the air,
. . and di/i?i5r men did groan.
. Shak., J. C.,ii.2.
not in equilibrium: opposed to sfndc. 2. Per- —
dye-bath (di'bath), n. bath prepared for use 2. Mortal; destined to death; perishable: as, taining to mechanical forces, whether in equi-
A
in dyeing; a solution of coloring matter in dying bodies. librium or not ; involving the consideration of
which substances to be colored are immersed. I preached as never siu-e to preach again,
forces. By extension 3. Causal; effective; —
motive ; involving motion or change : often
Oxalic acid, like acetic acid, is used for preparing dye- And as a dying man to dying men.
baths. C. T. Davis, Leather, p. 708. Baxter, Love breathing Thanks and Praise. used vaguely.
The direct action of
dye-beck (di'bek), n. Same as dye-bath. 3. Drawing to a close; fading away; failing; erful on the language nature as a dynamic agent is pow-
of savages, but gradually becomes
The dye-beck consists of alizarin and tannin. languishing as, the dying year a dying light. insensible as civilization advances.
: ;

Ure, Diet., IV. 915.

That strain again it had a dying fall. ; — W. K. Sullivan, Int. to O'Curry's Anc. Irish, p. viii.
dye-house'^ (di'hous), «. A
building in which Shak.,T.N.,i. 1. Action is dynamic existence.
dyeing is carried on. Where the dying night-lamp flickers. 0. U. Lewes, Probs. of Life and Mind, II. 482.
dye-house^ (di'hous), «. [A dial. var. of dey- Tennyson, Locksley Hall. They [Calvinists] teach a spiritual, real, or dynamic and
liouse.l A
milk-house or dairy. Grose. [Pro v. 4. Given, uttered, or manifested just before effective presence of Christ in the Eucharist for believers
only, while unworthy communicants receive no more than
Eng.] death: as, dying words; a dying request; dy- the consecrated elements to their own judgment.
dyeing (di'ing), ». [Verbal n. of <Zyei,t;.] The ing lovB. Schaff, Christ and Christianity, p. 165.
operation or practice of fixing colors in solution I do prophesy the election lights 4. In the Kantian philos., relating to the reason
in textile and other porous substances. On Fortinbras he has my dying voice. ;
of existence of an object of experience Dy-
dye-pot (di'pot), n. A
dye-vat. Shak., Hamlet, v. 2.
me speak next.
Sir, let
namic category, in the Kantian j'hilox. a category which ,

There were clothes there which were to receive diflferent And let my dying words be better with you is the concept of dynamic relation. —Dynamic electri-
colors. All these Jesus threw into one dye-pot, and . . .
Than my dull living actions. city, current electricity. See etectncit!/. — Dynamic
taking them out, each [piece] was dyed as the dyer wished. Beau, and Ft., Philaster, v. S. —
equivalent of heat. See equivalent. Dynamic geol-
Stowe, Origin of the Books of the Bible, p. 222. ogy, that branch of the science of geology wliich has as
5. Pertaining to or associated with death as, : its object the study of the nature and mode of action of
dyer (di'6r), n. [< ME. dyere, diere, deyer, <
a dying hour a dying bed. ;
the agencies by which geological changes are and have
dyen, etc., dye : see dye^, v.'] One whose oc- been ellected. See geology.— TyyuamiC he&d. See head.
He served his country as knight of the shire to his dy- — Dynamic murmurs, cardiac murmurs not caused by
cupation is to dye cloth, sMns, feathers, etc. ing day. Steele, Spectator, No. 109. valvular incompetence or stenosis, but by anemia or an
Almost . my nature is subdued
. .
Dying declaration. See declaration. unusual configuration of the internal surface of the heart,
To what it works in, like the dyer's hand. as where a chorda tendinea is so placed as to give rise to
Shak., Sonnets, cxi.
dyingly (di'ing-li), adc In a dying or languish-
a murmur.— Dynamic relations, causal relations espe-
ing manner. ;

Dyers' spirit, tin tetrachlorid, known in commerce as cially, the relations between substance and accident, be-
oxymuriate of tin (.SnCli -!- 5H2O). It is a valuable mor- dyingness (di'ing-nes), of dying; n. The state tween cause and effect, and between interacting subjects.
dant. hence, a state simulating the approach of death, — Dynamic synthesis, in the Kantian philos., a synthe-
dyer's-broom (di'^rz-brom), n. The plant Ge- real or affected affected languor or f aintness
;
sis of heterogeneous elements necessarily belonging to-
gether.
nista tinctoria, nsed to make a green dye. Also languishment.
called dyeweed. When the pure concepts of the understanding are ap-
Tenderness becomes me best, a sort of dyingness; you plied to every possible experience, their synthesis is either
dyer's-greenweed (di'ferz-gren''wed), n. Same see that picture. Foible —
a swimmingness in the eyes. mathematical or dynamical, for it is directed partly to the
as dyers-broom. Congreve, Way of the World, ilL 5. intuition only, partly to the existence of the phenomenon.
dyer B-moss (di'Srz-mds), n. The lichen Roc- dyke, ». and v. less proper spelling of dike. A Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, tr. by Max Muller.
cella tinctoria. Same as archil, 2. dykenopper (dik'hop"6r), «. The wheatear, Dynamic theory, a theory by which Kant endeavored
dyer's-weed (di'6rz-wed), n. The woad, weld, or Saxicola oenanthe. Swainson. [Local, Eng. (Stir- to explain the nature of matter or the mode of its forma-
tion. According to this theory, all niatterwas originated
yellow-weod, Reseda lutcola, affording a yellow ling).] by two antagonistic and mutually counteracting princi-
dye, and cultivated in Europe on that account. dynactinometer (di-nak-ti-nom'e-t6r), n. [< ples called attraction and repuhiim. all the predicates of
dyester (di'stfer), «. [< dye^ + -ster.'] A
dyer. Gr. <5iiv(a/iif), power, d/cr/f (oktiv-), a ray, + + —
which are referred to motion. Dynamic theory of na-
[Scotch.] /lirpov, ameasure.] An instrument for measur- ture, (a) A theory which seeks to explain nature from
forces, especially from forces of expansion and contrac-
dyestone (di'ston), n. A
red ferruginouH lime- ing the intensity of actinic power, or for com- tion (as the Stoics did), opposed to a mechanical theory
stone occurring in Tennessee, used occasionally paring the quickness of lenses. which starts with matter only, (b) The doctrine that some
 : ;

dynamic 1809 Dynamostes

other original principle besides matter must be supposed dynamitard (di'na-mi-tard*), n. [< F. dynami- dynamo (di'na-mo), V. An abbreviation of
to account for the phenomena of the universe. Dynkmic — tard; AS dynamite + -ard.'i Same a,a
dynamiter. dyuumo-electric' machine. See electric.
theory of the soul, the metaphysical doctrine that the
soul consists in an action or tendency to action, ami not If Ireland is to be turned into a Crown Colony, she must The machines were driven by a Cummer engine of about
in an existence at rest. —
Djmamlc theory Of the tides, be put under martial law ; and even that will be no defence a hundred horee-power, which furnlslied power for other
a theory of the tides in wliich the general form of the for- against the attacks of dynamitards by whom we may be
dynamos. Science, III. 177.
mulas is determined from the solution of a problem in dy- struck at home. British Quarterly Rev., LXXXIII. 411.
namics, the valuesof the coefficients of the different terms The associate guild of assassins —
the nihilist and the Characteristic of a dynamo. See characteristic. —
bein^ then altered to suit the observations opposed to :
dynamitard. iV. A. Rev., CXXXVIII. 344. Compound dynamo, a dynamo
which the field-mag*
in
the statical theory, which first suppttses the sea to be in nets are excited by both series and shunt windings. Se- —
equilibrium under the forces to which it is subjected, and dynamite (di'na-mit), n. [< Gr. ihvaiii^, power ries dynamo, a dynamo in which the whole current gen-
then niotiifies the epoch to suit the observations. Dy- — (see dynam), -f-"-ite2.] An explosive of great erated in the armature is passed through the coil of the
namic Viscosity. See vixogity. power, consisting of a mixture of nitroglycerin field-magnets.- Shunt dynamo, a dynamo in which only
n. 1. » A
moral force ; an efficient incen-
^rith some absorbent such as sawdust, or a
a part of the entire current generated by the rotating
armature is applit-d to excite the lield-magnets.
tive.
certain sUicious earth from Oberlohe in Han- dynamo-electric, dynamo-electrical (di'na-
We hope and pray that it may act as a spiritual dynamic
on the churches and upon all the benevolent in our land. over, The object of the mixture is to diminish the sen- mo-e-lok'trik, -tri-kal), a. [< Gr. diva/iic, pow-
Missionary Herald, Nov., 1879. sitiveness of nitroglycerin to slight shock, and so to facili-
er (see dynam), -t- electric, electrical.'^ Produ-
tate its carriage ^vithout impairing its explosive quality.
2. The science which teaches how to calculate The disruptive force of dynamite is estimated at about cing force by means of electricity: as, a dyna-
motions in accordance with the laws of force eight times thatof gunpowder. Dynamite may be ignited mo-electric machine ; also, produced by electric
same as dynamics,
dynamical (di-nam'i-kal), a. Same as dynamic.
with a match, and will bum quietly with a bright Ilame force
without any explosion. Large quantities have been known
—
Dynamo-electric machine. See electric.
to fall 20 feet on a hard surface without explosion. It
dynamogenesis (di"na-m9-Jen'e-sis), n. Same
The dynamical theory [of the tides]. explodes with certainty when ignited by a percussion fuse as dijnamoijcinj.
Uncyc. Brit., XXIII. 355. containing fulminating mercury. dynamogenic (dl'na-mo-jen'ik), a. [< dyna-
Dynamical coefficient of viscosity. See axjicient. dynamite (di'na-mit), v. t. pret. and pp. dyna- mogeny
;
+
-ic] Pertaining to dynamogeny.
dynamically (di-nam'i-kal-i), adv. in a dy- mited, ppr, dynamiting. [< dynamite, m.] 1. The influence thus manifested Is dynamogenic.
namic manner as regards dynamics. ; To mine or charge with dynamite in order to Dr. Brown-S^quard.
Dynamically, the only difference between carbonate of prevent the approach of an enemy, or for de- dynamogeny (di-na-moj'e-ni), n.
amni'inia and protoplasm which can be called fundamen- [< Gr. 6vva-
structive purposes. /iiC, power (see dynam), -yevcia, < -ycvrj^, pro- +
tal, is the greater molecular complexity and consequent
instability of the latter. J. Fiake, Cosmic Philos., I. 433. The military authorities of Pretoria had caused a rumor ducing: see -ycny.'] In psychic science, produc-
to go forth that some of the buildings and roads were dy-
dynamics (di-nam'iks), n. [PI. of dynamic: see tion of increased nervous activity; dynamiza-
namited, and this deterred the Boers from entering the
-ics. Cf. LL. dynamice, dynamics, < Gr. 6wa- town, which, as a matter of fact, was not dynamited at tion of nerve-force. Also dynamogenesis.
lUKi] (sc. rixvi, art), fem. of dwaiund^, dynamic] alL Athenceum, Ho. 3016, p. 201. dynamograph (di-nam'o-grat), n. [< Gr. <5tta-
1. The mathematical theory of force; also 2. To blow up or destroy by or as if by dyna- //(f, power (see dynam), -i- ypaijiciv, write.] An
(until recently the common acceptation), the mite. instrument combining an elliptic spring and a
theory of forces in motion; the science of de- register to indicate the muscular power exerted
It appears from the letters that the American Republic
ducing from ^ven circumstances (masses, po- has been dynamited, and upon its ruins a socialistic re- by the hand of a person compressing it.
sitions, velocities, forces, and constraints) the public established. Science, X. 92. dTOamometer (di-na-mom'e-t^r), n. [Contr.
motions of a system of particles. Hls[Prince Alexander's of Bulgaria] people are not dynameter, q. v.; < Gr. iwafu^, power (see dy-
. . .

The science of motion is divided Into two parts the ac- :

at all inclined to dynamite him, which is more than can nam), +
(itTpov, a measure.] An apparatus for
be said for the Czar. Times (LondonX April 26, 18S6. measuring the amount of force expended
curate descriptiOQ of motion, and the investigation of the by
circnmstancea under which particulariuotions talce place.
. . That part of the science which tells us about the cir-
.
dynamite-gnn (di'na-mit-gun), n. A
gun con- men, animals, or motors in moving a load, op-
cumstances under which particular motions take place is structed for propelling dynamite, nitroglycerin, erating machines, towing vessels, etc.; a pow-
•emlled dynamics. . . . Dynamics are again divided Into or other high explosives, by means of steam or er-measurer. Dynamometers use the resistance of
two branches the study of those circnmstancea under
: compressed air under high tension. springs, weights, and friction as n test, each comparison
which poaaible for a body to remain at rest U called beingmade with a known weight or force that will over-
statica,
it la
and the study of the circomstances of actual mo- dynamiter (di'na-mi-tfer), «. [< dynamite + come the resistance of the spring, raise the weight, or bal-
tion is oUed kinetica. W. K. Cliford. -eri.] One who uses, or is in favor of using, ance the friction. One of the simplest forms is a steel-
[What la here called kinetics has until recently been called dynamite and similar explosives for tinlawful yard la which the force to be measured is applied to the
dynamics.] purposes specifically, a political agitator who
;

The hope of science at the present day is to express all resorts to or advocates the use of dynamite
pheuomeua in symliols of Dynamics. and the indiscriminate destruction of life and
G. II Leices, Proba. of Life and Mind, IL 283.
.
property for the purpose of coercing a govern-
2. The moving moral or physical forces of any ment or a party by terror.
kind, or the laws which relate to them. Dalance-dynamometer (elevation).
Surely no plea of Justiflcation could absolve the dyna-
The empirical lava of society are of two kinds ; some miter from the eternal consequences of his own Infernal
are uniformities of coexistence, aome of succession. Ac- .AT. A. Rev., CXL. 387.
shorterarm while a weight is balanced on the longer grad-
deeds. uated arm. The most common form of spring-dynamom-
cording as the science is occupied in ascertaining and
The recent explosions on the underground railwsys eter consists of an elliptical spring that may be compressed
verifying the former sort of uniformities or the latter,
.M. Comta gives it the title of Social SUtics or of Social
were the work of . . . dynamiters. or pulled apart in the direction of its longer axis, with an
Dynamiet. J. S. Miil, Logic, VL x. | S.
The American, VII. 93. index and scale, and some-
Dynamiters subventloned by Parisian fanatics were to times a recording pencil, to
These are then appropriately followed by the dynamics indicate the amount of force
of the subject, or the institution In action In many grave appear In Mets. Nineteenth Century, XXII. 421.
exerted. In the apparatus
controversies and many acute crises of history. depending on friction a brake
Atlantic Monthly, LVIII. 418. dynamitical (di-na-mit'i-kal), a. [< dynamite
Dynamics of music, the science of the variation and + -ita/.] Having to do with dynamite; vio- is applied to the face of a pul-
ley, and the force is mea-
contrast of force ur loudness In musical sounds. Qeo- — lently explosive or destructive. sured by the resistance of the
logical dsmamics, that branch of geology which treats Like certain dynamiticaf critics, he is satisfied with de- brake to the motion of the
of the nature and mode of opermtlon of all kinds of physi- stmctlon, and his attitude towards constitutional for- pulley. In other forms fast
cal agents or forces that have at any time, and In any man- mulie Is not unlike that of the dynamitical critic towards and loose pulleys are placed
ner, affertcd the sortace and Interior of the earth.— Blgld Constitutions —
British and other. Sature, XXXI V. 25. side by side and connected by
dynamics, the dynamics of rigid bodies, in which only weighted levers, a certain
ordinary differential equations occur, dynamitically (di-na-mit'i-kal-i), adv. By amount of force being re-
dynamism (di'na-mizm), n. [< Gr, ii-vafuc, means, or as by means, of dynamite; with ex- quired to lift the lever and
power (see dytiam), -urn.'] +
1. The doctrine plosive violence. communicate motion to both
pulleys. In still other forms
that besides matter some other material prin- The Irish attempts, at New York, Paris, and elsewhere, coiled springs are used to test
ciple —
a force in some sense —
is required to dynamitically to blow up England on Iwhalf of Ireland.
The Congregationalist, Feb. 17, 1887.
a direct strain, as in moving a
explain the phenomena of nature. The term Is load or in towing. There are
applied— (a) to the doctrines of some of the Ionic philos- other forms used to test the
dynamiting (di'na-mi-ting), n. [Verbal n. of recoil of guns and the explo-
ophers, who held to aome such principles as love and hate
to explain the origin of motion (6) to the doctrine adopted dynamite, v."] The practice of destroying or sive force of gunpowder. In
;

by Leibnitz that substance consists in the capacity for ac- terrorizing by means of dynamite. the Batchelder dynamometer
tion; (e) to the doctrine of Talt that mechanical energy is Balaace-dynamometer (plan). two pairs of bevel-wheels are
The question is, whether the law permits dynamiting, interposed between the re-
substance ; and (d) to the widely current doctrine that the or whether It will slop dynamiting at the place where It
universe contains nothing, not expllcsble by means of the ceiving and the transmitting pulleys, one pair in line with
Is started, which is the only place where it can be stopped.
doctrine of energy. the pulleys, the other pair at right angles to them and in
Pop. Sci. Mo., XXVIII. 426.
2. The mode of being of mechanical force or line with a balanced scale-beam. The force and resistance
dynamitism (Ji'na-ml-tizm), «. [< dynamite transmitted through the gears tend to turn the scale-beam
energy. about the line of the pulley-shafts, and this must be re-
Who does not see the contradiction of requiring a sub- + -i.im ] The use of dynamite and similar ex-
.
sisted by a weight upon the scale-beam, which is the mea-
stance for that which by Its definition is not substantial plosives in the indiscriminate destruction of sure of the force transmitted. The dynamometer is not a
at all, but pure dynamum ? life and property for purposes of coercion direct indicator of power exerted or of work performed;
(i. U. Urns, Probs. of Life and Mind, L IL I 2. bat when the velocity with which resistance is overcome
any political theory or scheme involving the
Dynamism would be more appropriate than Materialism or force transmitted has been determined by other means,
use of such destructives. this velocity, and the measure of the force obtained by the
as a designation of the modem scientific movement, tlie
ideaof inertia having given place to that of an eiinillbrium Uniiuallfled repudiation of assassination and dynamit- dynamometer, are the data for computing the power or
of forces. J. M. Rigg, Mind, XII. 657. ism. The American, VL 36. work. See balance-dynammnetcr, crushrr-yane, piezometer,
and pr«»»wre-»7o<?«.— Dynamometer coupling, a device
dynamist (di'na-mist), fl. [As dynam-ism + dynamization (di'na-mi-za'shon), n. [< dyna- Inserted In a shaft by means of which the jjower transmit
-int.} A believer in dynamism. mi:e + -ation.'] 1. Cynamio development; in- ted may be nu-aaurcu.
Thus I admit, with the pure dynamist, that the material crease of power in anything dynamogeny as, dynamometric, dynamometrical
; : (di'na-mi.-
nniveriv, or successive material universes, as manifesta.
tions of matter and motion, are concatenated with time,
dynamization of nerve-force. 2. In homeopa- — met'rik, -ri-kal), a, [< dynamometer -ic, +
thy, the extreme trituration of medicines with a -ical.] Pertaining to or made with the aid of a
are lH.,rn. run their course, and fade away, as do the clouds
of air. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXII. 80a. view to increase their efficiency or strength. dynamometer.
dynamistic (dl-na-mis'tik), a. Pertaining to dynamize
(di'na-miz), v. t. ; j)ret. and pp. dyna- dynamometry (di-na-mom'e-tri), n. [< dyna.

the doctrine of force.

mised, ppr. dynamizing. [< Gr. diva/i-i(, power momctcr + -y3.] The act or art of using the
(see dynam), + -ize.] In homeopathy, to in- dynamometer.
It Is usual (and convenient) to speak of two kinds of
_nionarchianism — the dynamistic and the modalistlc. crease the efficiency or strength of (medicines) Dynamostes (di-na-mos'tez), n. [NL. (Pasooe,
£ncye. Brit., XVL 7U. by extreme trituration. 1857), < Gr. diivaiui', power, strength.] A genua

I
114
 :

Djmamostes 1810 Dysidea

of longicom beetles, of the family Cerambyci- [< Gr. 6vo KaX rpiiKovra, thirty-two (Sio E. tieo; = upon coracoids, a cartilaginous omostemum
da. There is but one species, D. audax, of the Kai, and; Tptdmvra L. triginta = E. thirty), = + and a very large anchor-shaped eartilaginoui
East Indies, cdpa, seat, base.] In geom., a solid having thirty- sternum. There are several genera, chiefly Madagascan
dynast (di'nast), ». [= F. dynaste =
Pg. dy- two faces. Some of these frogs are remarkable for the beauty of thei:
na.sta = Sp. It. dinasta, < L. dynastcs (ML. also dyophysitic (di''o-fi-zit'ik), o. [< Gr. dvo, E. = coloration.

'dynasta), < Gr. dmaanii, a lord, master, ruler, two, +

ipvaif, nature, -I- -ite^ -ic. Cf. diphy-+ Dyscophus (dis-ko'fus), n. [NL., < Gr. Sva
< SvvaaQai, be able, strong: see dynam.'] A
rul- site.] Having two natures. stone-deaf, < 6va-, hard,
Kunjioq, +
Ku<p6g, deaf.'

ing prince ; a permanent or hereditary ruler. 1. A genus of

tailless amphibians, typical o:

Philosophers, dyncMs, monarchs, all were involved and

They agree in the attempt to substitute a Christ-person-
ality with one consciousness and one will for a dyophysitic
the family Dyscophida. —
2. In entom.: (a) A
overshadowed in this mist. Burton, Anat. of MeL, p. 599. Christ with a double consciousness and a double will. genus of the orthopterous family (Ecanthidce
Schaf, Christ and Christianity, p. 94, having the front deflexed and the male elytn
Th' ancient family of Des Ewes, dynasts or lords of the
ditiou of Kessell. A, Wood, Athena) Oxon. dyotlieism (di'o-the-izm), n. [< Gr. dvo, E. — rudimentary, typified by D. saltator of Brazil
1 his Thracian dynast is mentioned as an ally of the Athe- two, Ocog, a god, + -ism. +
Cf. ditheism, the Saussure, 1874. (6) A
genus of South Americai
nians a^inst Philip in an inscription found some years ago preferable form.] The doctrine that there are Lepidoptera. Burmeister, 1879.
in the Acropolis at Athens. two Gods, or a system which recognizes such a dyscrase (dis'kras), n. [Formerly also dis
B. V. Head, Historia Numorum, p. 241.
doctrine; dualism. erase; < l^li. dyscrasia : see dyscrasia.] Samt
dynastat (di-nas'ta), n. [< ML. "dynasta, L. It [Arianism] starts with a zeal for the unity and the as dyscrasia.
dynastes, < Gr. dwdaTtj^ : see dynasW] Same as unchangeableness of God ; and yet ends in dyotheism, the dyscrasia (dis-kra'si-a), n. [NL., < Gr. dvaKpa
dyiutst. doctrine of an micreated God and a created God. aia, bad temperament, < dvaKparoq, of bad tern
Schaff, Christ and Christianity, p. 68.
Wherefore did bis mother, the virgin Mary, give such perament, < 6va-, bad, +
"Kpardq, verbal adj. o:
praise toGod in her prophetic song, that he had now by dyotlielisni(di-oth'e-lizm), n. [Alsodiothelistn; Ktpawvvai, mix (> npaatc, mixture): see crater
the coming of Christ cut down dynastas, or proud mon- < Gr. diio, E. two, = +
6e7uiv, will, -t- -ism.] The crasis.] In pathol., a generally faulty condi
archs? Milton, Tenure of Kings and Magistrates. doctrine that Christ had two wills. tionof thebody; morbid diathesis ; distemper
Dynastes (di-nas'tez), n. [NL.,< Gr. dyvdarrK, dyothelite (di-oth'e-lit), n. and a. [As dyothe- Also dyscrase, dyscrasy, and formerly discrase
a ruler: see dynast. 1 A
genus of lamellicorn lism +
-itc'^.] I. n, A believer in dyothelism. discrasy.
beetles, of the family Scarahmdw or typical of II. a. Pertaining to dyothelism. dyscrasic (dis-kras'ik), + -ic]
a. [< dyscrasia
a family Dynastidce. it is restricted to forms having The reply of the Western Church was promptly given in Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of dyscrasia
the external maxillar lobe with 3 or 4 small median teeth, the unambiguously dyothelite decrees of the Lateran synod
characterized by dyscrasia: as, dyscrasic de
no lateral prothoracic projections, and the last tarsal joint held by Martin I. in 649. E7icyc. Brit., XVI. 768.
arcuate and clubbed. The type is D. hercules, the Her- generation.
cules-beetle, the largest known true insect, having a length dys-. [< L. dys-, < Gr. 6va-, an inseparable pre-
It should not be forgotten that the death-rate was greate:
of about 6 inches, of which the curved prothoracic horn is fix, opposed to ei- (see cu-), much like E. mis-^ among dyscrasic children. N. Y. Med. Jour., XL. 645
nearly one half. or MW-l, always with notion of ' hard, bad, un-
dynastic (di-nas'tik), a. [= F. dynastique =
lucky,' etc., destroying the good sense of a
dyscrasite (dis'kra-sit), n. [< Gr. iva-, bad, -i
Kpdaic, a mixture (see dyscrasia), + -ite^.] A
5p. dindstico; cf. D. G. dynastisch Dan. Sw. = word or increasing its = Skt. dus-
bad sense ;
mineral of a silver-white color and metalli(
dynastisk, (, Gr. dwaariKdQ, < dwdarri^, a ruler: = Zenddush- =: Ir. do- = Goth, tus-, tug- = OHG. luster, occurring in crystals, and also massiv<
see dynast.'] EelatLug or pertaining to a dy- sur- = Icel. tor-, hard, difiBeult.] An insepa-
nasty or line of kings. and granular. It consists of antimony and silver. .\ls(
rable prefix in words of Greek origin, signify- written discrase, discrasite, and also called antimonial sil
In Holland dynastic interests were betraying the wel- ing ' hard, difficult, bad, ill,' and implying some ver (which see, under silver).
fare of the republic. Bancroft, Hist. Const,, II. 365. difficulty, imperfection, inability, or privation dyscrasy (dis'kra-si), n. ; pi. dyscrasies (-siz)
The civil wars
of the Roses had been a barren period in in the act, process, or thing denoted by the word [Formerly also discrasie; < F. dyscrasic, i NL
English literature, because they had been merely dynastic of which it forms a part.
squabbles, in which no great principles were involved
dyscrasia : see dyscrasia.] Same as dyscrasia
which could shake all minds with controversy and heat dyssesthesia (dis-es-the'si-'a), n. [NL., < Gr. Sin is a cause of dyscrasies and distempers, making ou:
them to intense conviction. ovaaia0r/aia, insensibility, < dvaawBr/roc, insensi- bodies healthless. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836), I. 256
Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser,, p. 150. ble, < Sm-, hard, -H aladr/To^, verbal adj. of alaSd- A general malaise or dyscrasy, of an undeflned charac
The dynastic traditions of Europe are rooted and ground- vtadai, perceive, feel.] In pathol., impaired, ter, but indicated by a loss of appetite and of stren-jth
ed in the distant past. by diarrhoea, nervous prostration, or by a general impair
diminished, or difficult sensation; dullness of
Stubbs, Medieval and Modem Hist., p. 15. ment of health. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXII. 6
feeling; numbness; insensibility in some de-
dynasticism (di-nas'ti-sizm), n. [< dynastic + gree. Also spelled dysesthesia. Dysdera (dis'd§-ra), n. [NL. (Latreille, 1804)
-ism.] Kingly or imperial power handed down dysaesthetic (dis-es-thet'ik), a. [< dyscesthesia, CGr. dvaSripiQ, hari to fight with, < dva-, hard, 4
from father to son ; government by successive after esthetic] Affected by, exhibiting, or re- dfjpt^, fight.] The typical genus of spiders o:
members of the same line or family. lating to dyssesthesia. Also spelled dysesthetic. the family Dysderidfe.
In the Old World dynasticism is plainly in a state of de- dysanalyte (dis-an'a-lit), n. [< Gr. dvaavdlvTo^, Dysderidae (dis-der'i-de), ». pi. [NL., < Dys
cadence. Ooldmiti Smith, Pop. Sci. Mo., XX. 628. hard to undo, < dva-, hard, +
avdP.urof, dissolu- dera + -ida:.] A
family of tubitelarian spiders
Bynastidae (di-nas'ti-de), n. pi. [NL., < Dy- ble see analytic]
: mineral related to pyro- typified by the genus Dysdera. They are especiall;
A
nastes + -id<e.] A having two pairs of stigniata, one jus
family of lamellicorn beetles, chlore, occurring in small black cubic crystals distinguished by
behind the other, and distributed on each side of the bell;
taking name from the genus Dynastes, and con- in limestone at Vogtsburg in the Kaiserstuhl, near its base they have
; but six eyes or fewer. Als<
taining a few forms remarkable for their great a mountainous district of Baden. called Dysderidcs and Dysderoidce.
size and strength. They are chiefly tropical, and dysarthria (dis-ar'thri-a), n. [NL., < Gr. Sva-, dysenteric, dysenterical (dis-en-ter'ik, -i-kal)
burrow in the ground. The Hercules-beetle, elephant- hard, -t- apBpov, a joint.] In pathol., inability a. [= F. dyscnteriqxie, dyssenterique Sp. di =
beetle, and atlas-beetle are examples^ The group is usually
merged in Scarabceidce.
to articulate distinctly dyslalia.
; senterico =
Pg. dysentcrico =
It. disenterico

d3niastidan (di-nas'ti-dan), m. [< Dynastidw dysarthric (dis-ar'thrik), a. [< dysarthria +dissenterico, < Tu.dysentericus, < Gr. dvcevrtpiKo^
Of or pertaining to dysarthria. KSvaEVTepiajdyBentery: Bee dysentery.] 1. Per
+ -an.] One of the Dynastidw. -ic]
taiuing to, of the nature of, accompanied by
dynasty (di'nas-ti), n. ; yX. dynasties {-tiz). [= Dysaster (dis-as'ter), n. [NL., < Gr. iva-, bad,
= Dan. Sw. dynasti, < F. dynastie + daTTjp =
E. star.] A
genus of fossil petalosti- or resulting from dysentery: as, dysmiterii
f>. G. dynastie
= Sp. dinastla = Pg. dynastia =
It. dinastia, <
chous sea-urchins, of the family Cassidulidw or symptoms or effects. 2. Suffering from dys —
ML. dynastia, dinastia, < Gr. dwaarda, lordship, Collyritidw, or giving name to a family Dysas- entery: as, a dysenteric patient.
rule, < dmaoTtj^, a lord, master, ruler see dy- terida;. dysenterious (dis-en-te'ri-us), o. [< dysenteri
nast.] If. A
:

—
government a sovereignty. 2. Dysasteridse (dis-as-ter'i-de), n. pi. [NL., <
;
+ -ous.] Same as dysenteric. [Rare.]
A race or succession of sovereigns of the same Dysaster -idw.] + A
family of irregular or exo- All will be but as delicate meats dressed for a dysente
cyclio sea-urchins, typified by the genus Dysas- rious person, that can relish nothing. Gataker
line or family governing a particular country
ter, with ovoid or cordate shell, showing bivi- dysentery (dis'en-ter-i), n. [Formerly dysen
as, the soccessive dynasties of Egypt or of
France. um
and trivium converging to separate apices, terie; < P. dysenteric, dyssenterie =
Sp. disen
At some time or other, to be sure, all the beginners of
non-petaloid ambulacra, and eccentric mouth. teria =Pg. dysentcria =
It. disenteria, dissen

dynasties were chosen by those who called them tu govern. dyscnezia (dis-ke'zi-a), n. [NL., < Gr. tFw-, teria =D. dyssenterie =
G. dysenteric Dan =
Burke, Rev. in France. hard, +
;);£?£«', defecate.] In pathol., difficulty Sw. dysenteri, < L. dysenteria, < Gr. dvacvrepia
It is to Manetho that we are indebted for that classifi- and pain in defecation. dysentery, < dvacprcpo^, suffering in the bowels
cation called by the Greeks Dynastic, a word applied gen- dyscnroia, dyschroa (dis-kroi'a, dis'kro-a), n. < (Stiff-, bad, ill, -1- ivTtpov, pi. evrtpa, the bow
those kings which belonged to one family, +
erally to sets of
or who were derived from one original stock. These Dy-
[NL., < Gr. ova-, bad, xpoid, Attic also xP^t els: see entero-.] A disease characterized bj
nasties were named as well as numbered, and their names color.] In pathol., discoloration of the skin inflammation of the mucous membrane of th(
were derived from the town, or region, whence the found- from disease. large intestine, mucous, bloody, and difficuli
er came or where he lived. dyschromatopsia (dis-kro-ma-top'si-ii), n. evacuations, and more or less fever.
H. S. Osborn, Ancient Egypt, p. 49.
[NL., < Gr. dva-, bad, +
;t;pu/ia(f-), color, -f ific, dysepulotic (dis-ep-u-lot'ik), a. [< Gr. iva-
dyne (din), n. [Abbr. of dynam, < Gr. 6ovafii(, view, sight.] In pathol., feeble or perverted hard, +
epulotic, q. v.] In surg., not heaUnj
power see dynam. ] In physics, the unit of force color-sense. Also dyschromatopsy, dischroma-
: or cicatrizing readily or easily: as, a dysepw
in the centimeter-gram-second system, being topsis, lotic wound.
that force which, acting on a gram for one sec- dysclasite (dis'kla-sit), n. [< Gr. dva-, hard, -t- dysesthesia, dysesthetic. See dyswsthesia.
ond, generates a velocity of a centimeter per KAdcKf, a breaking (< K^dv, break), -t- -ite^.] In dysastlictic
second; the product of a gram into a centi- mineral., a mineral, usually fibrous, of a white dysgenesic (dis-jf-nes'ik), a. [< dysgenesis +
meter, divided by the square of a mean solar or yellowish color and somewhat pearly luster, -ic] Breeding with difficulty; sterile; infe-
second. The force of a dyne is about equivalent to the consisting chiefly of hydrous silicate of lime. cund; baiTen. Darwin.
weight of a milligram. It requires a force of about 445,000 Also called okenite.
dynes to suppfjrt one pound of matter on the earth's sur-
dysgenesis (dis-jen'e-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. dva-,
face in latitude 45°. dyscophid (dis'ko-fid), n. A
toad-like amphib- hard, -I- ycvcaic, generation.] Difficulty in

The dyne is about 1.02 times the weight of amilligramme ian of the family Dyscophidai. breeding; difficult generation; sterility; in-

at any part of the earth's surface and the megadyne is Dyscophidae (dis-kof'i-de), n. pi.
; [NL., < Dys- fecundity.
about 1.02 times the weight of a kilogramme. cophus -id<B.] + A
family of firmistemial sa- Dysidea (di-sid'e-a), n. [NL., < Gr. dva-, hard,
J, D. Everett, Units and Phya. Const., p. 167. lient anurous amphibians, typified by the ge- bad, -I- WtOj form: see idea.] genus oi A
dyocsetriacontahedron, dyokaitriakontahe- nus IM/scophus, with teeth in the upper jaw, di- sponges, typical of the family Dysideidw. Also
dron (di'o-se-, di''''o-ki-tri-a-kon-ta-he'dron), n. lated sacral diapophyses, precoracoids resting Duseidcia.
 ; ;;
;

Dysideidae 1811 dysteleological

Dysideidae [NL., < Dysi- together form an integral whole dysmeristio which may involve a diminished or an excessive secretion
(dis-i-de'i-de), «. pi. ;

(le(( + -i'l<r.] A family of fibrous sponges. generation repetition of forms with adaptive of the gastric juice, or diminished or excessive acidity in
;
that secretion, or an Irritability of the stomach-walls or
dysidrosis (dis-i-dro'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. Sva-, modification or functional specialization; a an impairment of their motor functions, and which ap-
hard, + i(Sp<Jf, sweat, perspiration, < Mof (-v/ 'orS) kind of merogenesis opposed to eumerogenesis. pears to depend on some defect in the innervation of the
= E. sweat.'] A
disease of the sweat-follicles, The tendency to bud formation has all along acted stomach, and not on some grosser lesion.
. . .

in which they become distended with the re- concurrently with a powerful synthetic tendency, so that dyspepsy (dis-pep'si), n. Same as dyspepsia.
tained secretion. new units have from the first made but a gradual and dis- dyspeptic (dis-pep'tik), a. and n. [= P. dys-
guised appearance. This is dysmerogenesis, and such ag-
dysis (di'sis), H. [ML., also disis, < Gr. iiaic, gregates as exhibit it may be called dysmeristic. pcptiquc, < Gr. as if *dva7TC7rTiK6(, < dvcT^tipia,
setting of the sun or stars {diaic rj'/Aov, the west), Encyc. Brit., XII. 565. dyspepsia: see dyspepsia.] I. a. 1. Pertaining
< ivetv, sink, dive, set.] In astrol., the seventh to or of the nature of dyspepsia: as, a dyspeptic
dysmerogenetic (dis'me-ro-jf-net'ik), a. [<
house of the heavens, which relates to love, dysnieroiiousis, after genetic.] Produced by or complaint. 2. Suffering from or afflicted with
'
—
liti^tion, etc. resulting fi'om dysmerogenesis; characterized
dyspepsia or indigestion as, a dyspeptic person. :

dys&inesia (dis-M-ne'si-a), «. [NL., < Gr. by or exhibiting dysmerism ; dysmeristic op- —3. Characteristic of one afflicted with chron-
oi-cKivr/ata, < (5vf-, hard, + idvTjai^, movement, <
:
ic dyspepsia; hence, bilious morbid; "blue";
posed to eutnerogenetie. ;

Kiveh; move.] In pathoL, impaired power of pessimistic; misanthropic: as, a dyspeptic vie^v
(U^smeromorph (dis'me-ro-m6rf ), Ji. [< Gr. iva-, or opinion.
voluntary movement. bad, + /if/x)f, part (see dysmerism), + /iopiji//,
dyslalia (dis-la'li-S), «. [NL., < Gr. iva-, hard, shape.] An organic form resulting from dys- II. n. person afflicted with dyspepsia. A
+ '/jt/jiv, speak.] "ia pathol., difficulty of utter- merogenesis; a dysmeristic organism : opposed dy8pepticar(dis-pep'ti-kal), a. [< dyspeptic +
ance dependent on malformation or imperfect to eumeromorph. -al?] Troubled with dyspepsia hence, inclined ;

innervation of the tongue and other organs of to morbid or pessimistic views of things.
Synthesized eumeromorph simulates normal dymiero.
articulation slow or difficult speech.
;
morph ; analysized dysineroiuorph simulates normal eu- How seldom will the outward capability fit the inward
dyslexia (dis-lek'si-a), H. [NL., < Gr. (Jwj-,hard, meromorph. Bneyc. Brit., XII. 656. though talented wonderfully enough, we are poor, un-
+ /i.;(f a speaking, speech, word : see Jexicon.] dysmeromorphic (dis''me-ro-m6r'fik), a.
,
friended, dyspeptical, bashful nay, what is worse than ;

[< all, we are foolish. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, p. S3.

See the extract.
dysmcroniorph -ic] Having the character +
or quality of a dysmeromorph ; dysmerogenet- dysphagia
Dr. R. Berlin describes under the name dyslexia
. . . (,dis-fa'ji-a), «. [NL., < Gr. as if
m novel psychic affection related to "alexia," or word- *6va(j)ayia, < ova-, hard, -i- (jiaytiv, eat.] Inpathol.,
blindness, but dilfering from it In that the patients can ic or dysmeristic in form: opposed to eumero-
difficulty in swallowing. Also dysphagy.
read a few lines, but apparently get no sense from their morphic,
reading and give it up in despair.
A»ur. Jour. Pgyehol.f L 648.
dysnomy (dis'no-mi), n. [< Gr. ivavo/tia, law- dysphagia (dis-faj'ik), a. Pertaining to, of the
nature of, or affected with dysphagia.
lessness, a bad constitution, < dvavofiof, lawless,
dyslogistic (dis-lo-jis'tik), a. [< duslogy + < dva-, bad, -t- v6/ioc, law.] Bad legislation;
dysphagy (dis'fa-ji), n. [= F. dysphagie; < NL.
-istU- (after eulogistic, < etilogy). Cf. Gr. ivaXd- dysphagia : see dysphagia.] Same as dysphagia.
the enactment of bad laws.
yioToc, hard to compute, also ill-calculating,
dysodile (dis'o-dil), n. [< Gr. ivaudri^, ill-
dysphonia (dis-fo'ni-a), «. [NL., < Gr. dva-
misguided.] Conveying censure, disapproval, (^via, roughness of sound, < dia<j>uvoc, ill-sound-
smelling (< 6vo-, ill, + offiv, smell, akin to L.
ing, < dva-, ill, +
sound.] Inpathol., dif-
or opprobrium ; censorious ; opprobrious. odor, smell), +-tie.] A kind of greenish- or
(jxjvr/,

ficulty in producing vocal sounds.

I Ask Reus
for the motive which gave birth to the prose-
cution on the part of Actor ; the motive of course is the
yellowish-gray coal occurring in masses made
up of foliaceous layers, which when burning dijxjihonin dysphony (dis'fo-ni), n. [= P. dysphonie; < NL.
most odious that can be found : desire of gain, if it be a
emits a very fetid odor, it is a product of the de- : see dysphonia.] Same as dysphonia.
case which opens a door to gain ; if not, enmity, tliough
not under that neutral and unimpassioned, but under tne composition of combined vegetable and animal matters. dysphoria (dis-fo'ri-a), n. [NL., < Gr. dva(popia,
name of revenge or malice, or some nther such dytloffistie It was first observed at Melili in Sicily, and has also been pain hard to be borne, anguish, < 6vaij>opoi, hard
name. Benlham, Judicial Evidence, 1. 8. found at several places in Germany and France. to bear, < dva-, hard, +
-<t>6po^, < ipkpeiv E. =
Anyrespectable scholar, even if dytloffittie were new to ^aodont (dis'o-dont), a. [< NL. dysodon(t-)s, 6carl.] Inpathol., impatience under affliction;
him, would see at a glance that di$loffi»tie must be a mis- < Gr. dva-, bad, + 6<!ort (odovr-) =
E. tooth.] In a state of dissatisfaction, restlessness, fidget-
take for it, and that the right word most be the reverse conch. having obsolete or irregular hinge-teeth
— ,
ing, or inquietude.
of eulogistic. The paternity of dyttogutie no bantling, specifically, of or pertaining to the Dysodonta.
but now almoat a centenarian —
is adjudged to that ge- dysphuistic (dis-fii-is'tik), a. [< dys-, bad, +
nius of conuDoa-iense, Jeremy Bentbara. Iwsodonta (dis-o-don'ta), n. pi. [NL., pi. of -phuistic as in euphuistic, q. v.] Ill-sounding;
F. IlaU, Mod. Eng., p. SCO. dysodont : see dysodont.] A group or order of inelegant.
Gossips came to mean intimate friends; next, gossip bivalve moUusks having obsolete or irregular
meant the light, familiar talk of such friends ; and, flnal- Of A Lover's Complaint ... I have only space or need
hinge-teeth, muscular impressions unequal or
ly, with a dyUogittie connotation, any (rirolous convena- to remark that It contains two of the most exquisitely
reduced to one, and pallia! line entire. It cor- Shakespearean verses ever vouchsafed to us by Shake-
tion. W. e. Hearn, Aryan Uousetaold, p. 291.
responds to the ilonomyaria. speare, ami two of the most execrably euphuistic or dyg-
dyslogistically (dig-]
s-lo-jis'ti-kal-i), adv. In a Dysodus (dis'o-dus), n. [NL., irreg. < Gr. phuittie lines ever InflictedSwinburne, on us by man.
uysloffistii- manner; so as to convey censure oitr-, bad, + mJoif = E. tooth.] A
generic name
Shakespeare, p. 62.
or disapproval. bestowed by Cope upon the Japanese pug- dyronoea (disp-ne'a), n. [L., < Gr. dvairvoia,
Accordingly he [Kant] as a " Transcenden-
Is set down dog, called Dysodus pravits, characterized by aifuculty of breathing, < dvatrvooQ, scant of
talist," and all the loose connotation of tliat term, as It Is
now dyittoffUtically employed among us, is thought to l>e such degradation of the dentition that there breath, short-breathed, < dva-, hard, -Trviiof +
applicable to him. T. II. Green, in Academy. may bo in all but 16 teeth (no incisors, 1 ca- cf. irvoi^, breathing, < irvelv, breathe.] In pa-
+ nine in each half-jaw, 1 premolar and 1 molar in thol., difficulty of breathing; difficult or labored
dyslogy (dis'lo-ji), n. [< Gr. rfwr-. bad, ill,
-'.oyia, < Xtyttv, speak ; after Gr. evhryia, E. eu- each upper, and 2 premolars and 2 molars in respiration.
logy, of opposite meaning.] Dispraise : the op- each lower half-jaw), thus exemplifying actual dyspnoeal (disp-ne'al), a. [< dyspnoea -al.] +
posite of eulogy. evolution of a generic form by "artificial se- Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of dyspnoea
"
lection of comparatively few years' duration. connected with dyspnoea.
In the way of ealosy and dutlogy and snmmlng-np of
character there may doubtless he a great many things set dysodtoda (dis-o-o-to'si-a), «. [NL., < Gr. iva-, dyspnoeic (disp-ne'ik), a. [< L. dyspnoicus, n.,
forth concerning thin MIrabeau. Carlyle, MUc., IV 117. . ill, + uoTOKia, a laying of eggs, < ^rdimt, laying one short of breath, < Gr. dvairvolKiq, short of

dyslnite (dis'l^it), [< Gr. dva-, hard, -I-

». eggs, \ vAv (= L. ovum), egg, +
Ti'itrfiv, TCKciv, breath, < dvanvota, dyspnoea: see dyspnoea.]
/.ieiv, loosen, -<to2.] +name given to a va- \ produce, bear.] In zool., difficult ovulation. Affected with or resultmg from dyspncea dysp- ;

riety of gahnite, or zinc-spinel, from Sussex dysopia (dis-o'pi-a), n. [NL., < Gr. Svaumia, noeal.
county. New Jersey, containing a small per- confusion of face (taken in the def. in another dysporomorph (dis'po-ro-m6rf), n. One of the
centage of manganese so nameS because diffi-
:
sense), < dva-, bad, ill, + ii^ (ut-), eye, face.] l)ijspi)nn)iiirpha'.

cult to dissolve. Same as dysopsia. Dysporomorphs (dis'po-r6-m6r'fe), n. pi.

dysmenorrhea, dysmenorrhosa (dis-men-o-
re'ii), [NL. dysmenorrhea, < Gr. 6iv-, hard,
II.
+ //^f, a month, + poia, a flowing.] In pathol.,
difficult or laborious menstrtiation ; catamenial
discharges accompanied with much local pain,
especially in the loins.
dygmenorrheal, dysmenorrhoeal (dis-men-o-
re'al),rt. [< <lysiaetwrrhea,dyi<meiiorrh(eu, -<il'.'\
dysopsia (dis-op'si-ft), n. [NL., < Gr. dva-, bad, [NL., < Dysporus Gr. /«)p^v, form.] In Hux- +
+ oij'if, view, sight.] In pathol., painful or ley's system of classification (1867), a division
defective vision. of desmognathous birds, exactly corresponding
dysopsy (dis-op'si), n. [< Gr. dva-, bad, ill, +
to the .Stcgnnopodes, Totipalmati, or oar-footed
ui/'if, sight.] Same as dysopsia. natatorial birds. They have all four toes webbed,
dysorexia (dis-o-rek'si-a), n. [NL., < Gr. dva- the oil-gland surmounted by a circlet of feathers, the
sternum broad and truncate posteriorly, the mandibular
opeiia, feebleness of appetite, < dva-, bad, +
angle truncate, the maxillopalatlnes large and spongy,
+ Apff If appetite.] In pathol., a depraved or fail- the united palatines carinate, and no basipterygold pro-
,

Of. pertaining to, or connected with dysmen- ing appetite. cesses. The division includes the pelicans, gannets, cor-
dysorexy (dis'o-rek-si), n. Same as dysorexia. morants, frigates, dartei-s, and tropic-birds.
orrhea as, the dysmennrrheal membrane which
:

is sometimes discharged from the uterus. dyspareimia (dis-pa-r6'ni-S), n. [NL., < Gr. dysporomorphic (dis'po-ro-mfir'fik), a. [<
dysmerism (dis'me-rizm), n. [< Gr. dva-, bad,
Jiw-, hard, + napevvo^, lying beside, < jrapi, be- hysporomorphtv +
-ic] Belonging to or re-
+ part (division), -^ -ism.] An aggre-
niiKtr, side, + eirv^, bed.] In pathol., inability to per- sembling the Dysporomorpha: ; totipalmate;
gation of unlike parts; a process or result of form the sexual act without pain usually ap- : steganopodous.
dysmerogenesis ; a kind or merism opposed to plied to females. Dysporus (dis'p6-rus), n. [NL. (lUiger, 1811:
euTnerism. ^spepsia (dis-pep'sia), n. [Also dyspepsy; =
so called with reference to the closure or oblit-
dysmerlstic (dis-rae-ris'tik), a. [As dysmer- F. dijs]tepsie = 8p. It. ilispepsia =
Pg. dyspepsia, eration of the nostrils), < Gr. dvavopo^, hard to
ism + -ist-ic] Having the character or quality < L. dyspepsia, < Gr. dvaT7£-\j>ia, indigestion, idia- pass, difficult, < dva-, hard, irApo^, passage.] +
of dysmerism; irregularly repeated in a set nr-rof, lianl to digest, < dva-, hard, irc-rdg,+ A genus of gannets: same as Sula. it is often
separated from Sula to designate the brown gannets, as

r of more or less unlike parts whose relations to

one another, or origin one from another, is dis-
giiised ; dysmerogenetic : opposed to eumeria-
verbal adj. of ni-Kretv, ripen, soften, cook, digest,
= L. coi/uere, cook: seecooW.] Impaired power as S. bassana.
of digestion. The term Is applied with a certain free-
the booby, D. fiber, as distinguished from the white ones,

dyssycusCdi-si'kus), n.; pi. rfyswcj (-si). [NL.,

See extract under dysmerogenesis. dom to all forms of gastric derangement, whether involv-
tir.
ing Impaired power of digestion or not. But it is usually 'Gr. dva-, bad, -I- amov, a fig.] Haeckel's name
dysmerogenesis (dis'me-ro-jen'e-sis), n. [NL., discarded when some more definite iliagnosis can be made, for a form of sponge also called rhagon.
<. (Jr. iSiT-, l«id, +
iii/xif, part (division), -f- ycve- as gastric cancer, gastric ulcer, gastritis, gastrectasia, or dysteleological (di8-tel''e-o-loj'i-kal), a. [<
oic, generation.] The genesis, origination, or when it depends on poisonous ingesta or appears as a di/slcleology + -teal.] Purposeless; without de-
feature of some other disease, especially if that is acute.
Sroduction of many unlike parts, or of parts Functional dytvepeia, also called atonic and nervout dys- sifjn; liaving no "final cause" for being; not
1 irregular series or at irregular times, which peptia, is gastric derangement, not exclusively neuralgic, teleologieal.
 " .

dysteleologist 1812 dziggetai

dysteleologist (dis-tel-e-oro-jist), n. affected with despondency; depressed in
[< dys- ihol., the thorax and elytra being often margined with yellow.
teltolojiii + -(»?.] One who believes in dystele- spirits; dejected. The elytra are smooth in tlie male, usually sulcate in the
female. D. mwrgi-
ology." dystocia (dis-to'si-ii), n. [NL., < Gr. SvcroKia, iialis (LinnEcus) is

Dysleltoloffittt, without admitting a purpose, had not

a painful delivery, < dioToKO^, bringing forth very abundant in
felt called upon to deny the fact. with pain, < 6va-, hard, +
TCKretv, tekc'cv, bring Europe, inhabit-
ing, like the other
L. F. Ward, Dynam. Sociol., I. 173. forth.] In j^aWio^, difficult parturition. Also species, large
[< Gr. Svn-, dystokia. bodies of stag-
dysteleology (dis-tel-e-ol'o-ji), n.
bad, + +
7f /Of (7f ^.f-), end, purpose, djTStome (dis'tom), a. Same as dystomic.
-?j}yia, < nant water. Some
are called
/.fjnr, speak: see teleologi/.l The science of dystomic, dystomous (dis-tom'ik, dis'to-mus), speciestro-ter-butts.
rudimentary or vestigial organs, apparently o. [< Gr. diarofioc, hard to cut (but taken in djryour (di '-
fuuctionless or of no use or purpose in the pass, sense 'badly cleft'), < ^'"'-, hard, bad, + vor), ?(. [Sc,
economy of the organism, with reference to ™/;of, verbal adj. of Teuvciv, cut.] In mineral., also dyvoTf (Ji-
the doctrine of purposelessness. The idea is that having an imperfect fracture or cleavage. veVyKF, devoir,
many useless or even hurtful parts may be present in an dystrophic (dis-trof 'ik), a. [< dystrophy + -ic] a duty, obliga-
orgauism in obedience to the law of heredity simply, and Pertaining to a perversion of nutrition.
that such are evidences of the lack of design or purpose tion, etc.: see
or "final cause" wliichthe doctrines of teleology presume.
dystrophy (dis'tro-fl), «. [< Gr. Sva-, hard, ill,
dever and de-
+ nourishment, < Tpe<jieiv, nourish.]
rpo^ij, In voir.'} In old a, Dytiscus fasciventris ; b, pupa of D.
The Doctrine of Purposelessness, or Dt/steleoloffy. patlwl., perverted nutrition. margmalis, (Natural stze.}
Uaecket, Evol. of Man (trans.), I. 109. Scots lawj a
dysuria (dis-ii'ri-a), m. [LL., < Gr. dvmvpia, < bankrupt who
no wonderthat >Ir. Romanes should avow his "to- had made a cessio bonorum to
It is
understand why the phenomena of instinct
tal inability to
Ova-, hard, + ovpov, urine.] In patliol., difficulty
his creditors.
should be more fatal to the doctrine of Dynteleology than in micturition, attended with pain and scald- Louis, what reck I by thee.
any other of the phenomena of nature." ing. Also dysury. Or Geordie on his ocean?
Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XXXIX. 03. dysuric (dis-u'rik), a. [< dysuria + -ic] Per- Dyvor, beggar loons to me —
I reign in Jeanie's bosom. Bxn-na.
Dysteria (dis-te'ri-a),'n. [NL., < Gr. <5im-, taining to or of the nature of dysuria; affected
hard, + TT/pctv, watch,' have an eye on, keep cf ;
with dysuria. dzeren, dzeron (dze'ren, -ron), n. [Mongol,
'—^ijprjToq, hard to keep.] The typical genus of dysury (dis'u-ri), n. Same as dysuria. name. J The Chinese antelope, Frocapra guttu-
^jysteriidcB. D. armata of Hu.xley, which inhabits salt Dytes (di'tez), n. [NL. (Kaup, 1829), < Gr. rosa, a remarkably swift animal, inhabiting the
water, has such a structure that it has been supposed by duTtji;, a diver, < dvav, dive.] A
genus of small arid deserts of central Asia, Tibet, China, and
Gosse to l>e a rotifer. grebes, of the family Podicipedidce, containing southern Siberia, it is nearly 4^ feet long, and is
Dysteriidae (dis-tf-ri'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < such species as the horned and the eared grebe. 2i feet high at tlie shoulder. Wlien alarmed it clears
hysteria -idw.l+ A
family of free-swimmiug Dyticidae, n. jil. See Dytiscidw.
over 20 feet at one bound. Also called tjoitered antelope
and yellow goat.
animalcules, more or less ovate, cylindrical, Dyticus, n. See Dytiscus.
flattened or compressed, and mostly encui-
dziggetai (dzig'ge-ti), w. [Mongol, name.] The
dytiscid (di-tis'id), a. and n. I. a. Of or per- wild ass of Asia, Equus hemionus, whose habits
rassed. They have the carapace simple or consisting of taining to the Dytiscid<e.
two lateral, subequal, conjoined, or detached valves; cilia are graphically recorded in the book of Job, and
conflned to the more or less narrow or constricted ventral
II. n. A water-beetle of the family Dytiscidw. which is believed to be the hemionus of Herod-
surface the oral aperture followed by a distinct pharynx,
; Dytiscidae, Dyticidae (di-tis'i-de), n. pi. [NL., otus and Pliny, it is intermediate in appearance
the walls of which are strengthened by a simple horny < Dytiscus, Dyticus, -\- -idw.'] A
family of two- and character between the horse and the ass (hence the
tube, by a cylindrical fascicle of corneous rods, or by eyed aquatic adephagous Coleoptcra, or preda- specific name kemio7iufi, )ialf-ass). The males especially
destitute ai'e fine animals, standing as bigli as H hands. It lives
otherwise differentiated corneous elements a conspicuous;

tail-like style, or compact fascicle of setose cilia present-

tory beetles, having the metasternum
ing a style-like aspect, projecting from the posterior ex- of an antecoxal piece, but prolonged in a trian-
tremity. Most of them inhabit salt water. gular process posteriorly, the antennre slender,
Dysterina (dis-te-ri'na), n. pi. [Nil., < Dys- filiform, or setaceous, and the abdomen with
teria + -iita^.'i A family of cUiate infusorians, six segments. The Dytiseidce are related to the ground-
typified by the genus Dysteria. Claparede and beetles or Carabidce, but differ in the form of the meta-
Laehmann, 1858-60. See Dysteriidw. sternum, and in the structure of the legs, which are nata-
torial. They are water-beetles, mostly of large size, witli
dysthesia (dis-the'si-a), n. [NL., < Gr. dvaStaia, narrowly oval depressed bodies and oar-like hind legs,
a bad condition, < dvaderoc, in bad condition: found almost everywhere in fresh water.
see dysthetin.l iapathol., a non-febrile morbid Dytiscus, Dyticus (di-tis'kus, dit'i-kus), n.
state of the blood-vessels a bad habit of body
;
[NL., orig. and commonly Dytiscus (Linnseus),
dependent mainly upon the state of the circu- Dyticus (Geoffrey, 1.764), < Gr. dvriKOQ, able to Dziggetai (Equus hcynionus).
lating system. dive, < iiiTTK, a diver, < Shuv, dive, sink, get into,
in small herds, and is an inhabitant of the sandy steppes
dysthetic (dis-thet'ik), a. [< Gr. 6vaderoq, in enter.] The typical genus of predaeeous wa- of central Asia, 16,000 feet above sea-level. The dziggetai
bad ease, in bad condition, < Svc-, bad, + &r(if, ter-beetles of the family Dytiscidai, having the or hemione is one of several closely related species, or
verbal adj. of ri-Oe-vm, put, place.] Of, per- metasternal spiracles covered by the elytra, more pi-obably varieties, of large wild Asiatic asses which
taining to, or characterized by dysthesia. appear to lack the black stripe across the withers. Two
the front tarsi five-jointed, and patellate in the of these are sometimes distinguished under the names of
dysthymic (dis-thim'ik), a. [< Gr. dvaBvumSc, male, and the hind tarsi not ciliate, with the kulan (Equiut onager), a wide-ranging form, and kiang(E.
melancholy, < 6va6v/iia, despondency, despair, claws equal. The numerous species are large, but kiang), of Tibet. See onager, ghur, and khur. Also
< (W-, bad, + dv/i6i, spirit, courage.] In pa- difficult to distinguish. They are dark olive-green above. spelled djiggetai and in other ways.
 : ; : ;

1 . The fifth letterand sec- lower line and upper space (3). (/) A note on etalizing prefix, -t- /iirj7c, who, which (see i- and
ond vowel in our alphabet. such a degree, indicating such a key or tone (4). which); and with (3) ME. ewilc, < AS. wghwilc
has the same place in the orderIt —
5. As an abbreviation: (a) East: as, E. by (= OHG. eogihwelih), each, orig. "d-ge-hicilc, <
of the alphabet as the correspond-
ing ^ign or character in the older al-
S., east by south. See S. E., E. S. E., etc. (6) a, ever, +
gehwilc, each, any one, as above. See
phabets, Latin and Greek and Phe- In various phrase-abbreviations. See e. </., i. e., every, where -y stands for an orig. each, and
iiician, from which ours is derived E. and O. E., etc E dur, the key of E major.— such and tchich, where -ch is of like origin with
(see A); but the value originally E moll, the key of E minor. -ch in each.'] I. distributive adj. Being either
attached to the sign has undergone e-^^. A
prefi.\ of Anglo-Saxon origin, one of the
much modiUcation. The compar- forms of the original prefix gc-. or any unit of a numerical aggregate consist-
It remains ing of two or more, indefinitely used in pred-
ative scheme of forms (like that given for the preceaing :

letters) is as foUowa unfelt in enough. See i'-.

iaating the same thing of both or all the mem-
e-2. [L. e-, e, reduced fonn of ex-, ex : see ej-.] bers of the pair, aggregate, or series mentioned
A prefi.x of Latin origin, a reduced form of ex-,
ra UD -^ -^ E alternating with ex- before consonants, as in
or taken into account, considered individually
or one by one : often followed by one, with of
Egyptian. Pheni- iarlr erode, elude, emit, etc. See ex-, in some scien- before a noun (partitive genitive) : as, each
HieroKlri
jrphic. Hieratic. cian. Greek andL tific terms it denotes negation or privation, like Greek a-
sex; each side of the river; each stone in a
privative (being then conventionally called e- privative):
From the capital E have come by gradual mmliflcation and as, ecaudate, tailless, anurous edentate, toothless, eU.\ In ;
building; each one of them has taken a differ-
v:iri:ttion (as in the case of the other letters) all the other elope the prefix is an accommodated form of Dutch e7^t, ent course from every other.
)'rnit<-l and written forms. The value of the sign in the
-e. [ME. -e, -en, < AS. -a, -e, -o, -u, -ati, -en, etc.] The! token ech on by liymself a peny.
S' :niM alphabets was and still is that of an aspiration, a
r -th h. But when the alphabet was ailapted The unpronounced termination of Eng- many Wyclif, Mat. xx. 10.
t ills unnecessary aaplrate-sign was utilized as
r lish words. Silent final e is of various oriKin, Itf ins the Betheleem is a litylle Cytee, long and narwe and well
:l wel-sound, eithershortor long, being nearly common representative (pronounced in earlier English) of walled, and in eche syde enclosed with gode Dyches.
t in our two words ni«£ and they.
: This double almost -ill the An«lo-.Saxon, Old French. Latin, etc., in- Mandeville, Travels, p. 69.
\ >f quantity it bad in all early Greek use, and flection-endings. In nouns and adjectives of native origin She her weary limbes would never rest
n 'ection of the Greek race— and later, after it may he regarded as representing the original vowel-end- But every hil and dale, each wood and plaine,
thfir •.\.uaj»le, in all the others it was found conve- — ing of the nominative (as in ale, tale, stake, rake,^ etc.), or, Did search. Spenser, F. Q., I. ii. 8.
tii'Mit to ili-ttiu^uish the long sound by a separate sign, more generally, the original obliciue cases (dative, etc.),
U (s-,' //), after which the E was restricted to denoting which from their greater frequency became in Middle Eng- And the princes of Israel, l>eing twelve men each : tyne

-'I irt sound, ai in (Air nut. This distinction was not

was for the house of his fathei-a. Num. i. 44.
III lish the accepted form of the nominative also, as in lade,
1! '
-ed into the Italican alpha)>ets
:
1
hence the same pole, mile, vnle, etc.; similarly, in words of Latin and oth-
;
Each envious brier his weary legs dotli scratch.
'.iiids for both short and long sound in Latin, antl er origin, aa niu, rude, spike, sprite, etc. In verlis of na- Each shadow makes him stop, each milrnnir stay.
The name of the sign in Ptienician was he (of tive origin -« represents the original infinitive (AS. -an,
-•. Shak., Venus and Adonis, I. 705.
t[ meaning: usually explained as 'window'); in ME. -m, -e) mixed with the present indicative, etc., as in
was ffl, and later i ^lAbf , 'simple «
i r it is believed, ' —
make, teake, urite, etc. In a great numl>er of words the -e
H. ^iron. 1. Every one of any number or
iu a^iiithesi^ to the double cu, which then had the same hms diasppeared as an actual sound, the letter Ijeing re-
numerical aggregate, considered individually:
Boinil. In moat of the languages of Eunpe the sign has tained, as a resnlt of phonetic and orthographic accident, equivalent to the adjectival phrase each oi,e:
r< t.tin 11 ts original Greek and Lattn value; in the English
lis only so far as concerns the short sound
as a conventional sign of "length" an accentetl vowel — as, each went his way each had two each of ; ;

i
followed by a single consonant l)eforo final silent e l>eing them was of a different size (that is, from all the
1 has. in the history of the changes of pro- regularly " long," as in rate, write, rode, tube, etc., words
generally pasMl over Into wliat was origl- distinguished thus from forms with a "short " vowel, rat, others, or from every one else in the number).
)'-8ound, that we now call thii sound long e
.
xtrit, rod, tub, etc. In words of recent intnxluction -e is Than the! closed hem to-geder straite eche to other.
/«, n*«a^ etc.). The proper e-sound(iu inet,
'
used whenever this distinction is to be made. In some Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 398.
tically a medium between the completely cases the vowel preceding -e is short, as in ffiiv, lire, bade,
''^r and thd close sound i of pique.
And there appeared . . . cloven tongues like as of fire,
In its hare, Jaeeitn, vineyard, etc., especially in polysyllables in
and it sat upon each of them. Acts ii. 3.
-On«f,fVv) it constitutes about Ave per cent. -i7«, 'ine, -ite, etc., as hostile, jjlyceritu, oj^Msite, etc. ; but
-ranee. Taidng into account also the numer-
'
some of these words were fonnerly or are now often spell- You found his mote the king your mote did see
; ;

ou-> 'luruplis.as ea, re, ei,et/, tv,ie, o*, in which it is found, ed without the snperfiuous e, as bad, (jlyeerin, fibrin, de- But I a beam do fin*l in each of three.
and iu frequent occurrence as a silent letter, e is the most ijotrit, etc. Etyniologicilly, final e in modem English has Shak., L. L. L., iv. 3.

usetl of our alphatwtic signs. This freiiucncy is due in no weight or value, it l>eing a mere chance whether it rep- Wandering each his several way. Milton, P. L., ii. 523.
considerable measure to the general reduction of the vow- resents an original vowel or syllable. Each is strong, relying on his own, and each is betrayed
els of endings to e that coiistltutet a conspicuous part of
[P. -^, fem. -^, pp. suffix, < L. -dtus, -dta when he seeks in himself the courage of others.
the change from Anglo-Saxon to English. The total loss -i.
tli'M fnrTtt' r, of many of endings in
these has
utterance see -«fcl.] A
French sulHx, the termination Emerson, Courage.
1> ft I MM-
IS cases of silent final e, to which ottiers have
r I
of perfect i)articiple8, and of adjectives and 2t. Both.
t>*-e:i Uy analogy with these. A degree of value in
all I
nouns thence derived, some of which are used, .\nd each, though enemies to either's reign,
the economy of our written speech t>elongs to ft, In so far Do in consent shake hands to torture me.
as its occurrence after a single cons^ntant now almost regu-
though consciously as French words, in Eng- 5Aaib. Sonnets, xxviii. ,

larly indicates the long sound of the vowel preceding that lish, as protegi, nigligi, retroussf, digage, iearte, joined end to end.
At eacht, joined each to another ;

coQSonant, as in msl«, m«(e, mite, mo'e, ntute ; but In many etc. Tne Anglicized fonn is -«el (which see). Ten mastsat each make not the altitude
cases it appears also after a single consonant preceded by ea,
a short vowel, and such cases, MBffiotf, lie^., have, vineitara,
A common
English digraph, introduced about Which thou hast perpendiculaiiy fell.
constitute one of the classes where reform in orthography
the beginning of the sixteenth century, hav- .SAoi:., Lear, iv. e.

is most easily made, and has most to recommend it. (See ing then the sound of a, and serving to distin- Each Other. («t) Each alternate; every other; every
-e.) E has further come to be used as an orthographic g^sh e or ee with that sound from e or ee with second.
auxiliary. In some cases after e and ^, where it is conven-
the sound of e. The original sound i reniain«l in Each other worde I was a knave.
tionally regarded as preserving the scMslIed "soft" sound
most of the words having ea until the eighteenth century, Up. .Still, Gammer Onrton's Needle.
of those tetters, as In peoesowe, manof^eabU.
2. As a numeral, 250. I)u Canqe. —
and still prevails in brvak, great, yea, and in a dialectal
3, As a (" Irish ") pronunciation otbeast, please, mean, etc. (which
Living and dying each other day.
Holland, tr. of Pliny, p. 2.
symbol : {a) In the calendar, the fifth of the do- in dialect-writing are spelled so as to represent this pro. (b)Each the other ; one another now generally used :

minical letters. (6) In lo<fic, the sign of the nunciation see baste*) it haa become 6 hi breads dread,
:
•
,
when two i>erson8 or things are concerned, but also nsed
head, meadow, health, tceaith, leather, weather, etc., and, more loi)Scly like one anot/ter (which see, under another)
universal negative proposition. See -4l, 2 {b). nKMlifted by the following r, itxbear^, bear^, heart, hearth,
:

as, tliey love each other (thateach loves the other),

is,
(c) In alg.\ (1) [>«/>.] The operation of en- earth, team, etc In most words, however, the digraph
largement: thus, E.^r (r 1); also, the =/ +
ea now agree* in sounil with ee, namely, e, as in read, jiro-
eachwheret (ech'hwar), adv. [< each where.'] +
Everywhere.
greatest integer as small as the quantity which nounced the same as reed (but the preterit read like red).
The modem digraph ea has no connection with the Anglo- For to entrap the careles Clarion,
follows: thus, EJ 3. (2) [/. r.l The base of= Saxon and early Middle English diphthong or "breaking" That rang'd each where without suspition.
the Napierian system of logarithms; also, the ed, ea, though it liapiiens to replace it in M-tnie words, as in Spenser, Muiopotmos, 1. 376.
eecontricitv of a conic. —
4. In mnMc: (a) The breads (.\ngIo-.Saxon t/reiid), feu<f 2 (Anglo-Saxon letid), earl
(Anglo-Saxon edre).
The mountains eachwhere shook, the rivers turned their
key-note ot the major four sharps, hav-
of key streams. L. Bryskett (Arbrer's Eng. Garner, I. 268).
ing the signature (I), or of the minor key of one oa. An abbreviation of each. Eacles (e'a-klez), ». [NL. (Htibner, 1816) etym. ;

sharp, having the signature (2); also, the final each (ech), a. and pron. [< (1) ME. ech, eche,
dubious.] A genus of large, handsome bomby-
(pche, iche, yche, uche, etc., these being prop,

of the Phrygian modo in medieral music. (6)

In the fixea system of solmization, the third
P§^
oblique forms, assibilated, of the proper nom.
etc,
<

licli),
Sle, eilc. He,
AS. a-lc (=
ilk. ylc, ulr (> Sc.
MI), icghclick,

each, orig. 'd-ne-lic,

illi, ilka),
ellick, eick,
= OFries. elk, ellik, ek, ik = MLG. LG. ellik, elk
= OHG. eogalth, iogelih, MHO. iegelich, O.jeg-
< a, ever, in comp.
each,
D. elk

tone of the scale, called »«» ; hence so named indef., + gelic, like, (gc-, a generalizing prefix,
liy French musicians, (e) On the keyboard of + body, form': see nyl (= o^), i- (= e-l
lif, =
tlio pianoforte, the white key to the rij^ht of ?/-), and li'ke^, like^, -ly^. Mixed in ME. with
every eroup of two black keys, (il) The tone (2) ilc, ilk (mod. 8c. ilk'^, ilka, q. v.), assibi-
(?ivpn by such a key, or a tone in unison with lated ilche, ich, uch, uich, contr. of earlier iwilc
such a tone. (<•) The deforce of a staff assigned uwilc, itvilch, < AS. gehwilc, gchwylc (= OHG.
to such a key or tone ; with the treble clef, the gahvelih), each, every one, any one, < ge-, gen- MsHtot Hades im/ert-Jis, alx>ulonc half natural size.
1813
 ; ; ! ! ; ;

Eacles 1814 eagle

in a certain flooded state, call it which ranges also in North America. This Is the type-
cid moths, peculiar to North and South Amer- men, when the river is"Have a care there is the Eager species, to which the term originally attached it is 3 feet
Eager; they cry out, ; ;

ica, having short hind wings, short proboscis, coming." Carlyle. or more in length,
simple anSnniB in the female, and the antennae A mighty eygre raised his crest.
of a dark-brown
color, deriving the
of the male pectinate to a greater or less extent. Jean Ingelow, High Tide on the Coast of Lincolnshire. epithet golden
£. iiBBertoiw 18 one of the lai-gest and handsomest moths ,., , r/ hit? «^„»;„ ^„^„^i„ .

of Ko?S America, Ota yellow color, with purpUsh-brown eagerly (e'ger-h),

adv. [< ME.egeHy,egurly, from the ruddy-
spots on the wiugs. The male is more purplish than the egreliche, eta. ; \ eager'- -ly^.\ If. With sharp- + brown feathers of
the back of the
female. The larvie feed on the foliage of various forest- ness or keenness ; bitterly keenly. ;
neck. It preys on
trees, and pupate in loose cocoons under ground.
And thannc welled water for wikked werkes, lambs, hares, rab-
Ead-. See EiUK Egerlich emynge out of mennes eyen. bits, various birds,
eadish, «. See eddish. Piers PioiOTnan (B), xix. 376. such as grouse, and
[NL., etc., fem. pi. (so. plantce, plants) of carrion. Other no-
-ese. Abundance of rain froze so eagerly as it fell, that it seem-
table species are the
L. -eiis: see -eous, and ef. -acew."] 1. In hot., a ed the depth of winter had of a sudden been come in. imperial eagle, A.
KnoUes, Hist. Turks.
suffix used chiefly in the formation of tribal heliaca; the Rus-
names and the names of other groups between 2. In an eager manner; with ardor or vehe- sian eagle, A. mo-
the genus and the order. It also occurs as the mence with keen desire, as for the attainment gilnik; the spotted
termination of some ordinal names. 2. In — ;

of something sought or pursued ; with avidity eagle, A. maculata

(or ncevia). From
zool., the termination of the names of various or zeal. its size, strength,
taxonomic groups: (a) regularly, of groups be- [He) rode a-gein hym full egerly, and smote hym with rapacity, and pow-
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 158. ers of flight and vi-
tween the genus and the subfamily: (6) irreg- all his myght.
sion, the eagle has
ularly, of different groups above the family. And he loked on me and ther-fore I spared
egrelich
been called the king
In both cases -ece is used without implication of To asken hym any more ther-of and badde hym full layre
, Nt%K; of birds ; but its
To discreue the fruit that so faire hangeth.
gender. prowess is greatly
Pierg Plowman (B), xvi. 64.
exaggerated. By
eager! (e'gdr), a. [< eger, egre, < OF. ME. How eagerly ye follow my disgraces. the ancients it was
egre, aigre, F. aigre Pr. agre =
OSp. agrc, = As it it fed ye Shak., Hen. VIII., iii. 2. Golden Eagle {Aquila chrysaftus). called the bird of
Sp. agrio =
Pg. It. agro, < L. acer (acr-), sharp, To the holy war how fast and eagerly did men go Jove, and it was
keen : see acid, acerb, etc. Cf. vinegar, alegar.] South, Sermons. bonie on the Roman standards. Many nations, as France
It. Sharp; sour; acid.
under tlie Bonapartes, Austria, Prussia, and Russia, have
eagerness (e'g6r-nes), n. If. Tartness ; sour- adopted it as the national emblem. In heraldic it ranks
This seed is eger and hot. Chaucer, Parson's Tale.
ness; sharpness. —
2. Keen or vehement desire as one of the most noble bearings in coat-ai-mor.
Egrest fruits, and bitterest hearbs did mock in the pursuit or for the attainment of some- There myghte men the ryal egle fynde.
Madera Sugars, and the Apricock. That with his sharpe lok pei-sith the sunne
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, il., Eden.
thing, or a manifestation of such desire ; ardent
And othere egtis of a lowere kynde,
It doth posset
tendency; zeal; fervor: as, to pursue happiness Of whiche that clerkis wel devyse cunne.
And curd, like eager droppings into milk. or wealth with eagerness; eagerness of manner Chaucer, Parliament of Fowls, 1. 330.
Shak., Hamlet, i. 5. or speech. So the struck eagle, stretched upon the plain.
2. Sharp; keen; biting; severe; bitter. [Ob- She knew her distance, and did angle for me, No more through rolling clouds to soar again,
Madding my eagerness with her restraint. View'd his own feather on the fatal dart.
solete or archaic] SAo*., All's Well, V. 3. And wing'd the shaft that quiver'd in his heart.
A more myghty and more egre medicine. mind know- Byron, English Bards and Scotch Reviewers, L 826.
Chaucer, Boethius, i. prose 5.
The eagerness and strong bent of the after
ledge, if not warily regulated, is often an hinderance to it. 2. Amemberof the genus Haliaetns, which com-
thou think'st, vex him with eager words.
If so Locke.
prises the fishing-eagles, sea-eagles, or earns,
Shak., 3 Hen. VI., li. 6. What we call our despair is often only the painful eager-
George Eliot, Middlemarch, ii. 81.
resembling the eagle proper in size and form,
It is a nipping and an eager air. Shak., Hamlet, I. 4. ness of unfed hope.
but having the shank bare of feathers and
The cold mostea<7er and sharpe till March, little winde, = Syil. 2. Earnestness, Avidity, Eagemesit, Zeal, Enthu- scaly: such as the white- or bald-headed eagle,
nor snow, except in the end of Aprill. siasm, ardor, vehemence, impetuosity, heartiness, long-
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 405. ing, impatience. The first five words may all denote strong or bald eagle, H. leucocephalus, the national
and worthy movements of feeling and purpose toward a de- emblem of the United States; the white-tailed
3. Sharply inclined or anxious sharp-set; ex- In this field eagerness has either a physical eagle, S. albicilla; the pelagic eagle, H. pela-
;
sired object.
cited by ardent desire; impatiently longing;
vehement keen : as, the soldiers were eager to
or a moral application with avidity the physical applica-
;

tion is primary ; earnestness, zeal, and enthusiasm have

gicus, etc. 3.— A name of many raptorial birds
larger than the hawk and the buzzard, only
;

only the moral sense. A vidity represents a desire lor food,

engage the enemy ; men are eager in the pur- primarily physical, figuratively mental as, to read a new : distantly related, as the harpy eagle, booted
suit of wealth ; eager spirits eager zeal. ;
novel with avidity: it rarely goes beyond that degree of eagle, etc. A number of genera of such large hawks
Manly he demeyned him to make his men egre. extension. Eagerness emphasizes an intense desire, gen- are sometimes grouped with the true eagles in a sub-
Bad hem alle be bold &
busiliche Ajt. erally for specific things, although it may stand also as family Aquilince (which see).
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3636. a trait of character; it tends to produce corresponding
keenness in the pursuit of its object. Earnestness de- 4. [cap.'] An ancient northern constellation be-
All the ardentand daring spirits in the parliamentary notes a more sober feeling, proceeding from reason, con- tween Cygnus and Sagittarius, containing the
party were eager to have Hampden at their head. viction of duty, or the less violent emotions, but likely to
Macaulay, Nugent's Hampden. bright star Altair. It seems to be shown on Babylo-
prove stronger and more permanent than any of the others. nian stones of high antiquity, and the statement still
As our train of horses surmounted each succeeding emi- The word has at times a special reference to effort it ;
cuiTcnt that it almost touches the equinoctial refers to
nence, every one was eager to be the first who should implies solidity, sincerity, energy, and conviction of the the position of that circle about 2000 B. C. At present
catch a glimpse of the Holy City. laudableness of the object sought; it is contrasted with the constellation, enlarged by the addition of AntinoUs
R. Curzon, Monast. in the Levant, p. 144. eagerness in that it affects the whole character. Zeal shortly after the Christian era, extends 20° north and 13"
is by derivation a bubbling up with heat it is naturally, ;
south of tlie equator. See Aquila, 2.
4. Manifesting sharpness of desire or strength therefore, an active quality, passionate and yet generally
of feeling marked by great earnestness : as,
; sustained, an abiding ardor or fervent devotion in any
5. A military ensign or standard surmounted
Enthusiasm is so tar redeemed from by the figure of an eagle, it is especially associated
an eager look or manner eager words. ; unselfish cause.
with ancient Rome, though borne, with vaiious modifica-
its early suggestion of extravagance that it denotes pre.
She sees a world stark blind to what employs sumably a trait of character more general than eagerness tions, by certain modern nations, as France under the
Her eager thought, and feeds her flowing joys. or zeal, more lively than ear7iestness, a lofty quickness of first and second empires.
Covrper, Charity, I. 405.
feeling and purpose in the pursuit of laudable things un- This utter'd, overboard he leaps, and with his Eagle
5t. Brittle. der the guidance of reason and conscience thus it differs ; feircly advanc'd runs upon the Enemy.
Gold itself willbe sometimes so eager . that . . it will from zeal, which still generally implies a poorly balanced Milton, Hist. Eng., ii.

as little endure the hammer as glass itself. judgment. What shall a Roman sink in soft repose,
!

Locke, Human Understanding, III. vi. 35. The nobles in great earnestness are going And tamely see the Britons aid his foes?
=Syn. 3. Fervent, fervid, warm, glowing, zealous, for- All to the senate-house. Shak., Cor., iv. 6. See them secure the rebel Gaul supply
ward, enthusiastic, impatient, sanguine, animated. I lent her some modern works : all these she read with Spurn his vain eagles and his power defy ?
Langhome, Ceesar's Dream.
eagerlf, v. t. [< ME. egren; from the adj.] avidity. Charlotte Bronte, The Professor, xviii.
To make eager ; urge ; incite. So Gawain, looking at the villainy done, 6. A lectern, usually of wood or brass, the up-
The nedy poverte of his houshold mihte rather egren Forbore, but in his heat and eagerness per part of which is in the shape of an eagle
hym to don felonyes. Chaucer, Boethius, iv. prose 6. Trembled and quivered. with outstretched wings supporting a book-rest,
Tennyson, Pelleas and Ettarre.
He angurt hym full euyll, & egerd hym with, the eagle being the symbol of Saint John the
flor the dethe of the dere his dole was the more. It was the sense that the cause of education was the Evangelist.
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. 8.), 1. 7329. cause of religion itself that inspired Jiltred and Dunstan
alike with their zeal for teaching. [The minister] read from the eagle. Thackeray.
eager^ eagre (e'g6r), n. [Chiefly dial, or ar- J. It. Green, Conq. of Eng., p. 325.
7. A
gold coin of the United States, of the
chaic, and hence of unstable form and spell- Truth is never to be expected from authoi-s whose under-
(obs., archa-
value of 10 dollars, weighing 258 grains troy,
ing, but prop, eager; also written standings are warped with enthusiasm; tor they judge all
actions, and their causes, by their own perverse principles,
900 fine, and equivalent to £2 Is. Id. sterling.
ic, or dial.) eagre, eger, egor, egre, eygre, aigre,
ager, higre, hygre, and with alteration of g to and a crooked line can never be the measure of a straight — 8. In arch., a name for a pediment. 9. In —
one. Dryden, Ded. of Plutarch's Lives. the game of roulette, a spot, outside the regu-
k, aker, acker, etc., < ME. aker, akyr, a cor-
There is a certain enthusiasm in liberty, that makes hu- lar 36 numbers, upon which is the picture of
ruption of AS. "eagor, 'egor, only in eomp. man nature rise above itself in acts of bravery and heroism. If this is the winning number, the bank takes
edgor-, egor-stredm, ocean-stream, egor-here, the A. Hamilton, Works, II. 116.
in all liets except those made on that particular one. See
'ocean-host,' a flood, =
Icel. (egir, the ocean. roulette. Also called eagle-bird.— American eagle. See
bald eagle.— "Bald eagle, or bahi eani. a ct)mnion though
misapplied name for the white-headed eajjle of North
America, Haliaetus leucocephalus. This is the eagle which
,gle (prob. has been adopted as the national emblem on the arms of
formidable influx and surging of the tide in a fem. of aquilus, dark-colored, brown (cf. Lith. the United States, and is figured on some of its coins, be-
high wave or waves, up a river or an estuaiy ing popularly called "the American eagle," "the spread
aklas, blind) : see Aquila, aquiline, etc. The na- eagle," "the national bird, "the bird of freedom," etc.
a bore, as in the Severn, the Hooghly, and the tive E. name is earn : see earn^.'] 1. Properly,
"

It is about 3 feet long, dark-brown or blackish when

Bay of Fundy.
a very large diurnal raptorial bird of the iara- adult, with pure-white head and tail the shank is partly
;

His manly heart . . .

Its more than common transport could not hide
But like an eagre rode in triumph o'er the tide.
Dryden, Threnodla Augustalis,
Sea-tempest is the Jiitun Aegir ; ... and now to this
day, on our river Trent, as I hear, the Nottingham barge-
i\y FalconidcBanA genus Aqxtila (whichsee), hav- naked and yellow, by which mark the species may be dis-
tinguished in any plumage from the golden eagle, Aquila
ing the feet feathered to the toes, and no tooth chrysaetus. Also called white- or bald-headed eagle. See
1. 134. to the bill, which is straight for the length of cut on following page.— Black eagle, (a) The golden
eagle, Aquila chrysaetus. (b) The young of the bald
the cere. There are about 9 species, all confined to
the old world except the golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetus, eagle, HaliaHtus leucocephalus.— Calyomi eagle. See
 ; ;
;

1815 ear
eagle
the jaws are paved with rows of hexagonal teeth, the me- pret. *e6e (= leel. auka =
Goth, aukan), increase,
dian of which are of much greater breadth than length. round only in the pp. edcen : see eke. Cf . the
2. Any ray of the family Myliobatidce. These equiv. yean, which differs from ean only in the
rays are immensely broad, owing to the development of prefix.] To bring forth young; yean. See^ean.
the pectoral flns, and have a long, flexible tail, armed with
one or more serrated spines. They inhabit for the most Both do feed.
warm seas.
part tropical or As either promised to increase your breed
o. Having strong At eamng-time, and bring you lusty twins.
eagle-sighted (e'gl-si'ted), B. Jomon, Sad Shepherd, i. 2.
sight, as an eagle.
What peremptory eagle-sighted eye 0. E. An abbreviation of the commer-
E. and
Dares look upon the heaven of her brow, cial phrase errors and omissions excepted, fre-
That is not blinded by her majesty? quently appended to statements and accounts
Shak., L. L L, iv. 3.
when rendered.
eagles8(e'gles), «. [< eagle -e«».] + A female eanlingt (en'ling), n. [< ean + dim. -lingK
or" hen eagle. Sherwood. [Bare.] Cf. yeanling.] A lamb just brought forth.
eaglestone (e'gl-ston), n. [Tr. of Gr. amVw: AU the eanlings which were streak'd and pied
see aetiteii.'\ A
variety of argillaceous oxid of Should fall as Jacob's hire. Shak., M. of V., i. 3.

iron, found in masses varying from the size of a [Early mod. E. eare; < ME. ere,
Kild Eagle (HaliaUHS Uufctfkalut).
earl (er), «.
walnut to thatofaman'shead. In form these masses
ire, eare, < AS. edre = OS. ord =OFries. are,
are spherical, oval, or nearly reniform, or sometimes re-
eoJKi««.— Fishlng-ea^le. -Same a.5 (wprf;/.— Golden semble a parallelopiped with rounded edges and angles. dr = D.oor = MLG. LG. or = OHG. ord, MHG.
eagle. See def. 1. — Order of the Black Eagle, a l-nis-
They have a rough surface, and are essentially composed ore, or, G. ohr = Icel. eyra = Sw. ma = Dan.
Sau order founded by Frederick I. in 1701. 1 he number of concentric layere. The nodules often embrace at the ore = Goth, atiso = L. auris (dim. auricula, ML.
oricula, > It. orecchia = Sp. ormi = Pg. orelha =
of knlghU is limited to 30, exclusive of the princes of the center a kernel or nucleus, sometimes movable, and always
blood royal, and all must be of unquestioned nobility. dilfering from the exterior in color, density, and fracture.
The badge is a cross of 8 points, having In the center a To these hollow nodules the Greeks gave the name of Pr. aurelha = F. oreille, ear, = E. auricle see aw-. :

circle with the monogram FB (for Fnderieut Rex) ride, auricular, etc.) = Gr. ovc (ur-), also oi'of
the
;
eaalettonet, from a notion that the eagle transported them
four arms are enameled red, with the eagle of Prussia in to'her nest to facilitate the laying of her eggs. Also called (oiiar-), for "oimg (oioar-) = OBulg. Bulg. Croa-
black enamel between each two arms. The ribbon is
tian, Serv. ucho = Bohem. Pol. ueho = Russ.
aetites.
orange, but on occasions of ceremony the badge is worn \Miether the aetites or eagUMone hath that eminent
pendent to a collar, consisting alternately of Idack eagles property to promote delivery or restrain abortion, respec-
ukho = Lith. ausis = OPruss. ausins (pi. ace.),
holding thunderholta, and medallions bearing the same ear ; a general Indo-European name, prob. allied
tively applied to lower or upward parts of the body, we
monogram as the badge and also the monogram "Snum
cuique.'— Order of the Red Eagle (formerly Order of
shall not discourage common practice by our question. to Gr. uceiv, hear, perceive, L. audire, hear: see
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., ii. 5. audience, audit, etc., auscultate, etc. Connection
the Red Eagle of Baifreuth ; also called Order t^fSitKmty),
an order founded by the Margrave
. of Bayreuth
,^
in 1706, and
eaglet (e'glet), n. [Earlier mod. E. also eofet; with Aear doubtful: seeAear.] 1. The organ of
- .
In 1792 adopted by Frederick WlUtam IL of Pnuaia on
The
.

Insignia or
"^ aiglette, dim. o£ aigle, eagle : see eajfie.]
^
A hearing; the apparatus of audition ; the acous-
sncceeding to the principality. present ^
young eagl i
eagle; a i-in_ „«„i„ , ,. u \. »,
little eagle. In heraldry, when three tic sense-organ any mechanism by which an
Se
the orteTare dlBeient from those of the original
quite dlBerent
order'are quite' ,
;

order. The badge is an 8-pointed cross, having In the or more eagles are borne on an escutcheon they are usually animal receives the impact of sound-waves and
called eaglet*, and always so when they are borne upon
center a medallion with a red eagle bearing the arms of perceives them as sound, in man and mammals
the Hohenzollern family. The arms of the croaa are of an onlinary, as a bend, lease, etc, or another bearing, or generally the ear consists of an external ear, which com-
white enamel, with an eagle of red enamel between each on a mantle. prises (1) the more or less funnel-shaped pinna and (2) the
two amis. The rilitKin is striped orange-color and white- When like an eglet I first found my love, external auditory meatus ; of a middle ear, eardrum, or
— Order of the White Eagle, an order founded at the For that the virtue I thereof would know. tympanum, closed from the external auditory meatus by
besiciiiing of the citthteeuth century by Augustus II. of Upon the nest I set it forth, to prove the tympanic membrane, traversed by a chain of small
Poland and Saxony, or, as is alleged, l«vived by him- It If it were of that kingly kind, or no. Drayton. bones, the auditory ossicles, named malleus, incus, and
has been adopted by the Czar of Knssia, and is coropoaed stapes, and communicating with the pharynx by the
of one class only. The badge is a crosa of 8 point*, bear- My dark tall pines, that . . .

Eustachian tube and of an inlental ear, or labyrinth, the

;
Foster'd the callow eaglet.
ing a white eagle in relief and surmounted by an imperial essential organ of hearing, containing the end-organs of
Tennyton, (Enone.
crown. The ribbou is sky-blue, but on (tate occasions tlie auditory nerve. The labyrinth consists of a
complicated
the b«lge is woni pendent to a collar of white eagle* con_ aoale-vulture (e'gl-vul'tnr), «. A book-name
bool closed sac, the membranous labyrinth, lined with epithe-
nected by pWn gold links.- Spread ea£e. an ejgle with ea^J«^
outspread "wings ; specifically, the cmbTci
Oypohie^oxangolimisot western Africa.
ed Sutes of America: often applitd attributively t« any eagle-wiHged (e'gl-wingd), a. Having the
kmd, bombaaUc, boutfnl, and arrogant display of national wings of an eagle; swift as an eagle.
or uihir sentiment*: as,ajpreiKf-«airt<*peecta. Stxfreaa, SSC Afc#
p. a., and jpr<oa-*agi «i »w.
rpr9ad'*aQl*i 9m. The eagle 'Uritiged pride -
,

eagle-bird (e'gl-b*rd), n. Same as eagle, J

Of sky-aspiring and ambitious thought*. pscy
Shak., Rich. II., 1. S.
eagle-eyed (e'gl-id), a. 1. Sharp-sighted, like
If.— 2. Quick to discern having acute eaglewood
;
(e'gl-wftd), n. [< eagle leoodi; +
iutellectual vision. like F. bois d'aigle, Q. adlerholi, a translation
know the fraUtv of my fle*hlT will: of tilt, lignum aquilce, or aquilaria, which is
I
My paaaion's tagle-eifd. Quorlo^ Emblem*, iv. 1. an accom. (to L. aquila, eagle) of the E. Ind.
To be curious and Saf<*-^wl Abroad, and to be Blind name aghil, Hind, agar, < Skt. agaru or aguru
and ignorant at Home, ... I* * Ciuiarity that eanletb (the latter form accom. to aguru, not heavy, <
with it more of Affectation tlian any thing elae.
Bomtt, Letter*, IL 66.
a- priv. +
guru Gr. 3aov{ = =
L. gravis, heavy),
> prob. Gr. ayiMiix'"', NL. agalloehum : see agal-
eagle-flnt, «. [ME. egrefyn (see quot. ), < F. dial. loehum and Aloe.] A highly fragrant wood,
(Champagne) aigrefin, also pron. aiglefin (as if much tised by Asiatics for incense. See agal-
Tnmvene Section tlirough Side Wall* of Skull, showing the Inner
connected with aigle, > E. eagle), a sort of fish ; loehum.
,^,^„_„„ Puts of the Ear.
origin uncertain.] An alleged old name of the e^gpasa (S'wAs), n. Same as eddish, 1 C*. concha or eitemal ear. or pinna ; E.\f, external auditory mea.
tus; TyM, tympanic membrane; Ihc, incus; Matt, malleus; ASC,
haddock. eagre, ». See eager^.
eager' I
PSC, E.'iC, anterior, posterior, and external semicircular canals;
Belonina states that Kfnfhfi at JSagU-/bi was formerly gstldt, 1<
Day.
A
dialectal variant of eld. Grose. Cpc, cochlea ; Eu, Eustachian tube ; IM. internal auditory meatus,
through which the auditory nerve passes to the organ of bearing.
iu [the haddock'*! EocUah name. ealde'rt, n. .An obsolete (Middle English and
eagle-flighted (e'gl-fli'ted), a. Flying like an rare Anglo-Saxon) form of elder^. Hum and lying In a roughly corresponding excavation in the
ea^'lc: iii"uuting high. [Poetical.] ealdorman, 1. [AS.: see aWerman.] A chief petrous iMjne, the bony labyrinth. The membranous laby-
rinth contains a limpid fluid, l\ie endolymph, and between
eagle-hawk (e'gl-hak), n. A hawk of the ge- a leader: the Anglo-Saxon original of o/derman, the membranous lal)yrinth and the bony labyrinth is a
nus Morphnus, as the Guiana eagle-hawk, if. used in modem historical works with reference similar liquid called perilymph. The auditory nerve, pene-
guianensis. O. Cuvier. to its Anglo-Saxon use. trating the l)one by the internal auditory meatus, is dis-
eagle-owl (e'gl-oul), n. 1. Aname of the great tributed to the walls of the membranous labyrinth. The
The name of Ealdonnan is one of a large cl*** ; among
labyrinth is completely shut off tnm the tympanum, but
horned owl of EuroiMB, Bubo maximus, and hence a primitive people age implies command and command there are two fenestra; or openings, closed by membranes.
a somewhat later stage of language,
of other large species of the same genus, as B. implies age hence. In the rulers. ;
In the tympanic wall of the bony labyrinth, and the foot of
the elders are simply
virginianus, the great horned owl of North £. A. Freeman, Norman Conquest, I. 61. the stapes is applied to one of them. .Sound-waves which
America. See cut under Bubo. 2. A name of — The bishop declared the eccIeaUstical law, as the taldor-
Impinge u|xin the tympanic membrane are transmitted
across the tympanum by the chain of auditory ossicles,
sundry other large owls. SwaintOH.
eagle-ray (e'gl-ra), n. 1. A large species of
titan did the secular. ...
Stulibt, Medieval and Modem Hist, p. 299.
and thence iuU) the laby.
riuth. In vertebrates lie-
low mammals the ear at
^h-^rl^^ T'*"^ " ^>!° Atwi°/ *^'
ily if u?k>6atwte, found in the Atlantic. Tlie side,
eamt n.
w*™'} 'T
"; „
[Formerly
L^ " eame; < ME. eme.eem, earn,
„„„f- „#
edm, contr. of i«-<li«m
caAam, (Spripa /t.1
Uines. —
= m once tiecomes simplifled,
pectoral fins a^ expanded In a wIng-Uke form, and em, < AS.
or '^ as by lack of an external
— D. oom, uncle. OHG. MHG. ohetm, uncle = ear and reduction of the
ossicles and of the laby-
(mother's brother), also nephew (sister's son),
rinth, the latter being
G. oheim, ohm, uncle. The first syllable, AS. simply llgulate or strap-
ea- (= Goth, au-), is perhaps related to Goth. shaped and, as In fishes,
;

atoo, grandmother, Icel. a/i, grandfather, di, the inner ear may con-
great-grandfather, and to L. av-un-culus, uncle, tain one or more concre-
tions, sometimes of great
av-ns, grandfather; the second syllable is ob- size, called otoliths or
scure. Jium remains in the surnames Eames ear-stones. An ear of
and Ames.] Uncle. some kind is recogniza-
ble in the great majority
gone to hem of the cite a-sembled he thanne, In its
of invertebrates.
A faoat than so ferschell for his eines sake. simplest recognizable
Waiiam of Paleme (E. E. T. 8.), L 3428. expression It is a mere
Henry Hotspur, and his eame capsule or vesicle, con-
The earl of Wor'ster. taining some hard Ixnly
Drayton, Polyolblon, xxli. answering to an otolith. External Ear. or Pinna.
i. helix; ». fossa <>''""]'''""
and so supposed to have
eant (en), v. i. [< ME. enen, bring forth young,
,
a„ anil fossa trianKulatis ; 3, fossii of lie IX,
an a,i,lit,,rv luniuon.
lory fiiiii-tlnti
^^ ^^^^ K:aphoidea: 4. antihelix
< AS. ednian, oontr. of edcnian, be pregnant, < See cochlea, labynntti, r 5. concha ; 6, antitragus ; 7. lobule

EMt>e.,.,n(,n.t.n.aiMtu). edceu, pregnant, Ut. increased, pp. of 'edcan, and cut under tympanic, i. tragus.
 — ; — —
ear 1816 eared
2. The external ear alone, known
as the pinna, They instead of eating peaceably, /oil <w;e(A«r hij
will, earache (er'ak), n. Pain in the ear; otalgia.
the ears, each single one impatient to iiave all to itself.
auricle, or concha: as, the horse laid his ears
Swi/t, tiulliver's Travels, iv. 7.
earalt (er'al), a. [Improp. < earl + -al. Cf.
back. ««)•«?.] Receiving by the ear; aural auricular.
To give ear to. See give.— to meet the ear. See ;

In another YIe Iwn folk, that han gret Eres and longe,
that hangen doun to here Knees.
— To set by the ears, to make strife between;
meet. They are not true penitents that are merely earal, ver-
bal, orworded men, that speak more than they really in-
cause to quarrel.
MandevUle, Travels, p. 205. Who ever hears of fat men heading a riot, or herding tend. Ilncyt, Sermons (1658), p. 34.
Hollowing one hand against his far. togetlier in turbulent mobs? no — —
no it is your lean, — earbob (er'bob), «. An ear-ring or ear-drop.
To list a foot-fall. Tennysmi, Palace of Art hungry men who are continually worrying society, and [New Eng.]
setting tlie whole community by the ears.
S. In omith.: (a) The auriculars or packet of Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 157. I've got a pair o' ear-bobs and a handkerclier pin I'm a.
auricular feathers which cover the external goin' to give you, if you'll have them.
To sleep upon both ears, to sleep soundly.
ear-passage of a bird. (6) plumicorn or cor- A Let him set his iieart at rest 1 will remove this scruple
L. M. Alcott, Hospital Sketches, p. 36.

ear-bone (er'bon), «. l. A bone of the ear;

;

niplume; one of the "horns" of an owl. out of his mind, that lie may sleep securely upon both ears.
4. The sense of hearing; the power of distin- Abp. Bramhall, Works, III. 618. one of the bones composing the otocrane, otic
guishing sounds ; the power of nice perception Touching the ears, in the early church, a part of the capsule, or periotie mass, inclosing the organ
of the differences of sound. ceremony of baptizing catechumens, consisting of touching
the ears, and saying "Ephphatha" (be opened), a symbol
of hearing. —
2. One of the auditory ossicles or
The Poet must know to whose eare he maketh his rime, of the opening of the inulerstanding. — Up to the ears,
bonelets of the cavity of the middle ear an ;

and accommodate himselfe thereto, and not gine such ossiculum auditus, as the malleus, incus, or
over the earst, over head and ears, deeply absorbed
niusicke to the rude and barbarous as he would to the
learned and delicate eare.
or engrossed; overwhelmed: as, over head and ears in
debt, or in business.
stapes. See first cut under ear. 3. A hard—
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 72. concretion in the cavity of the inner ear; an
This Phedria out of hand got him a certain singing ear-stone, otosteon, or otolith (which see).
5. Specifically, in music, the capacity to appre- wench, skilful! in musicke, and fell in love with her over
ciate, analyze, and reproduce musical composi- the cares. Terence (trans.), 1614. ear-brisk (er'brisk), a. Having ears that mov&
or erect themselves quickly attentive. [Rare.]
tions by hearing them ; sensitiveness to musical A cavalier was up to the ears iu love with a very fine
;

intonation and to differences of pitch and qual- lady. Sir R. L'Estrange. He [the colt] was an ear-brisk and high-necked critter.
When I was quite embarked, discovered myself up to the S. Judd, Margaret, ii. 7.
ity in musical sounds as, a correct ear. Some-
:

tiines called a musical ear. ears in a contested election. Walpole, Letters, II. 353. ear-brush (er'brush), n. A brush consisting of
Sneer. I thought you had been a decided critic in music, Venus's ear, an ear-shell qr sea-ear a species of Uali- a piece of sponge attached to a handle, used to
;

otis, as the ormer, //. tuberculata: with allusion to the clean the interior (external auditory meatus)
as well as in literature.
Dangle, So I am —
but I have a bad ear, fable of Aphrodite. Wine Of one eart, good wine. One of the ear an aurilave. ;
of tlie annotators of Kabelais says " I have introduced
the same with good success in some parts of Leicester- ear-cap (er'kap), n. A cover for the ear against
:
Sheridan, Tlie Critic, i. 1.
When therefore I say that I have no ear, you will un- shire, and elsewhere, speaking of good ale, ale of one ear ; cold.
derstand me to mean —
for music. bad ale, ale of two ears. Because when it is good we give ear-cockle (er'kok"l), «. [< ear^ coekleK] + A
Lamb, Chapter on Eara. a nod witll one ear; if bad, we shake our head, that is,
disease in wheat caused by the presence in the
And men who have the gift of playing on an instrument give a sign with both ears ttiat we do not like it."
by ear are sometimes afraid to learn by rule, lest they grain of worms belonging to the genus Tylelen-
the fine white wine upon my conscience it is a kind
!

should lose it. J. H. Sewman, Gram, of Assent, p. 323. of taffatas wine ; liin, hin, it is of one ear (11 est ^ une chtts. Called in some parts of England purples.

6. A careful or favorable hearing ; attention Oreille). Urquhart, tr. of Rabelais, i. 5. ear-conch (er'konk), n. The shell of the ear;
heed. earif (er), i'- t- [< eari, »•] To listen to; hear the external ear, concha, auricle, or pinna.
I cried unto God with my voice, and he gave ear
. . .
with attention. ear-COnfessiont (er'kon-fesh'on), ». Auricular
unto me. Ps. Ixxvii. 1. I eared her language, lived in her eye. confession. See confession.
I gaue as good eare, and do consider as well the taulke Fletcher (and another). Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 1. I shall dispute with a Greek about the articles of the
that passed, as any one did there. faith which my elders taught me and his elders deny, as-
Ascham, The .Scholemaster, p. 19.
ear^ (er), n. [Early mod. E. also eare; < ME. ear-con/ession.
Give every man thine ear, but few thy voice.
ere, ear, < AS. ear, contr. of orig. *ealior =
Tyndaie, Ans. to Sir T. More, etc. (Parker Soc, 18.50), p. 133.
Shak., Hamlet, i. 3.
ONorth. eJter, wither =
MD. acre, D. aar =
Pardons, pilgrims, ear-confession, and other popish mat-
But the bigots and flatterers who had his ear gave him
=
MLG. dr, are, LG. dr OHG. ahir, ehir, MHG. ters. Bp. Bale, Select Works, p. 57.
advice wliich he was but too willing to take. eher, G. dhre =
Icel. Sw. Dan. ax =
Goth, ahs, ear-cornet (er'k6r''net), n. small auricle or A
Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. an ear, =
L. aciis (accr-, orig. *acis-), chaff (see ear-trumpet worn in the hollow of the outer ear.
acerosc); connected with Goth, ahana, chaff, A
7t. Disposition to listen ; judgment ; taste. ear-cough (er'kof), «. cough provoked by
He laid his sense closer, and in fewer words, according = E. awiO- ; AS. egJ, a beard of grain, E. dial. irritation iu the ear.
to the style and ear of those times. Sir J. Denham. ail; L. acus {acu-), a needle; L. acies =
AS. eard (ard), n. [< ME. erd, cered, eard, home, <
ecge, E. edge, etc. : see awn'^, ail^, aeiis, aculeate,
8. A
part of any inanimate object having some
A
AS. eard, land, country, dwelling-place, home
spike or Vead of com or (= OS. ard, dwelling-place,
likeness to the external ear. (n) A projectiim from
aglet, edge, egg'^.'\
grain; that part of a cereal plant which eon- ing, etc.), connected with erian, E. ear^, plow
OHG. art, a plow- =
the side of a vessel or utensil made to be used as a handle:
as,the ears of a jar, pitcher, or other vessel. tains the flowers and seed. (see c«c3); prob. not connected with earth.J
Each iKtttle had a curling ear. The barley was in the ear, and the flax was boiled. If. Land; country; dwelling-place.
Through which the belt he drew. Ex. ix. 31.
God-bar him into paradis.
And hung a bottle on each side. Red ear, an ear of maize exceptionally of a deep-red color.
To make An erd al ful of swete blis.
iiis balance true. Such an ear, when
found, was made a source of sport at
Genesis and Exodus, 1. 209.
Coioper, John Gilpin. old-fashioned corn-huskings in the United States.
Over the fireplace were iron candlesticks hanging
. . . For each red ear a gen'ral kiss he gains. 2. [PartlyconfusedwithcarWil.] Earth. [Prov.
by their ears. S. Judd, ilai'garet, ii. 7. Joel Barlow, Hasty Pudding. Eng. and Scotch.]
(6) That part of a bell by which it is suspended the can- Great ardor was evinced in pursuit of the red ear fof
; He somnede iscrd [gathered an army] swulc nies nanire
non. See flret cut under betl. (c) A plate of soft metal at corn], for which piece of fortune the discoverer had the exr on erde. Layamon, I. 177.
the mouth of the mouthpipe of an organ, used to qualify privilege of a kiss from any lady he should nominate.
the tone by being bent more or less over the opening, (d) S. Judd, Margaret, ii. 6 ear-drop (er'drop), «. An ornamental pendant
The loop or ring l>y which the ram of a pile-driver is raised. to an ear-ring; an ear-ring with a pendant.
(c) In pnntiiui, a projecting piece on the edge of the frisket ear^ (er), v. i. [< ear"^, n.] To shoot, as an ear; Lady's ear-drops, the common garden fuchsia: so called
or of the composing-rule. II. Knight.K (/) One of the form ears, as corn. from the formation and pendency of its fiowers.
holes Ixtred in a spherical projectile for the insertion of
the points of the shell-hooks used in manipulating it.
The stalke was first set, began to eare ere it came to ear-dropper (eT'drop^er), «. It. An eaves-
lialfe growth, and the last not like to yeeld any thing at dropper. Davies.
9. In arch., same as crosset, 1 (o) A flea In the all. Capt. John Smith, True Travels, II. 236.
It is possible an ear-dropper might hear such tilings
ear. See jlea.—AU ear or ears, listening intently giv- (er), v. t. [Early mod. E. also eare ; < ME.
ing close attention to sounds or utterances.
;
ear^t talk'd at cock-pits and dancing schools.

was all ear,

eren, erien, < AS. eriaii OFries. era= MD. = Bp. Ilacket, Life of Abp. Williams, ii. 81.
And took in strains that might create a soul
I
eren, eeren, errien, aeren =
MLG. eren OHG. = 2. Same as ear-drop. [Colloq.]
Under the ribs of death. Milton, Conms, 1. 660. erran, MHG.
eren, em, G. dial, dren, eren Icel. = Come, we can go down now. I'm as ready as a mawkin
For at these [pulpit) perfonuances she was all attention, erja = =
Sw. drja Goth arjan L. arare (whence
. = can be —
there's notliing awanting to frighten the crows,
aUear; she kept her heart fixed and intent on its holy E. arable, q. v.) =
Gr. apdeiv, apovv Ir. araim = = now I've got my ear-droppers in.
Mamer,
work, by keeping her eye from wandering. OBulg. Serv. Bohem. orati Euss. oraK =
Lith. = George Eliot, Silas xi.
Bp. Alterbury, Sermons, I. vi.
arti =
Lett, art, plow.] To cultivate with a eardrop-tree (er'drop-tre), n. A lofty legu-
Ass's ear, a kind of sea-ear, Haliotis asininus, a fine iri- minous tree of Jamaica, Enterolobium cyclocar-
descent slieli used in the matmfacture of buttons, for in- plow; plow; till.
laying woodwork, and for other purposes. .See abalone, To sowe and eree npp feeldes fatte and weet, 2>um, the pod of which is curved so as to form a
Ualiotis, ormer.— At first eart, at firet hearing imme- ;
And weedes tender yette oute of hem geet. complete circle.
diately. Davies. Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 142. ear-drum (er'drum), n. 1. The middle ear;
A third cause of common errors is the credulity of men, A rough valley which is neither eared nor sown. the tympanum. See tympanum, and first cut
that is,
atjirgt ear
an easie assent to what is obtruded, or a believing
what is delivered by others. The English were brought so low, that they were fain to
Dent. xxi. 4.
—
under ear. 2. More especially, the tympanic
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., 1. 5. till and eare the Ground, whilst the Danes sate idle, and
membrane: as, to burst or puncture the ear-
drutii. See cuts under ear and tympanic.
Barrel of the ear. Same as tympanum. — By the ears, eat the Fruit of their Labours. Baker, Chronicles, p. 13.
ear-dust (er'dust), n. The small gritty par-
in a state of discord or contention. For this dale men that doo eare the ground there doo
All Heav'n is by the Ears together, oftplow up bones of a large size, and great store of ar- ticles found in the cavity of the inner ear of
Since first that little Rogue canie hither. mour. Ilolinshed, Descrip. of Britain, i. 11. many animals; minute concretions in the laby-
Prior, Cupid and Ganymede. (ar), adv. [Sc, < ME. rinth, distinguished from otoliths or otostea by
ear* er, or, ear, etc., early,
Cheeks and ears*. See cA^c*.— Dionysius's ear. before: see ere and earhj.'] Early.
(a) usually ere, their fineness otoconia. See otoconitim.
;

The name given to a secret subterranean ear-shaped pas-

saie connecting the palace of Dionysius the Elder, first ear^ (er), n. [E. dial., by misdivisiou of a near, eared^ (erd), a. [< earl -t- -erf2.] i_ Having
tyrant of Syracuse (died 367 B. c), with his stone-quarry a kidney, as an ear: see near"^ and kidney.'] A ears having appendages or processes resem-
;

prisons, through which he was able to overhear the con- kidney. Brockett; Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] bling the external ear. in heraldry, animals bonie
versation of his prisoners, (b) An aural instrument for
the use of very deaf persons. It has a large pavilion se-
earablet (er'a-bl), a. [< ear^ + -able. Cf. ara- in coat-armor witli their ears differing in tincture from
that of the body are blazoned eared of such a metal or
cured by a swivel to a stand upon the fioor, and an elastic ble. ] Capable of being tilled being under cul- ;
color.
tnlie with a nozle to be hehl Uy the ear. E. II. Knight.— tivation; arable. 2. In omith., having conspicuous auricular
Drum of the ear. Same as tymjtanum. Qy^r head — He |the steward]further to see what demeanes of Ids
is
feathers, as the eared grebe, or having plumi-
and ears. See up to the ears, below.— To fall together
by the ears, to go together by the ears, to engage in
lordes is most meete to be taken into his handes, so well
for meddowe, pasture, as earable, &c. oorns, as various species of eared owls. 3. —
a fight or sciiffle quarreL
; Order o/ a Nobleman's House, Archajol., XIII. 316. In Mammalia, aurieulate ; having large or pe-
 : — — ;

eared 1817 early

enliar outer ears, as eertain bats ; having enter My
thanes and kinsmen. I have prayed your son Halbert that we may strive to-
Henceforth be earls; the ttrst that ever .Scotland morrow with the sun's earluu'ss to wake a stag from his
ears in a group of animals others of which have
them not : as, the eared seals. 4. In bot., same — In such an honour nam'd. Shak., Macl)eth, v. 7. lair. Scott, Monastery, xx.
as auriculate, 2 —
Eared eggs, of insects, those eggs
whiclj have, just before the apex, two short oblique ap-
The government was entnisted
title of
to a magistrate with the earl-marshal (erl'mar'shal), n.
Ealdorman, or its Danish equivalent Earl.
shal, under carl.
See earl mar-
a. A. Freeman^ Norman Conquest, I. 52.
pendages serving to prevent them from sinking in tlie ear-lobe (er'lob), n. The lobe
The ancient dignity of the earl has in former chapters 1. or lobule of
semi-liquid substances on which they are deposited.
eared^ (erd), a. [< ear^ -ecP.'] +
Having ears been traced throughout its history. In very few instances the ear. See lobule, and cut under ear. 2. —
was the title annexed to a simple town or castle. The auricular caruncle or fleshy excrescence
or awns, as grain, in heraldry, grain with the ear Stubbs, Const. Hist., § 428.
differing in tincture from the stallc or blade is blazoned beside the ear of a fowl; an ear-lappet.
eared of such a metal or color as, a stalk of wheat vert,
:
Earl marshal, the eighth great officer of state in Great ear-lock (er'lok), n. [< ME. *erelokke, < AS.
eared or. Britain. He is the head of the College of Arms (see Her- earlocc, < edre, ear, +
lock: see carl and
locc,
old* College^ under herald), determines all rival claims to
eaxert, »• [ME. erer, eerer, erere, < eren, plow arms, and grants armorial bearings, through the medium foci-2.] A
lock or curl of hair near the ear,
see earS.] A plower; a plowman. of the king-at-arms, to persons not possessed of hereditary worn by men of fashion in the reigns of Eliza-
Whether al day shal ere the erere that he sowe. arms. It is his duty also to direct all great ceremonies beth and James I. ; a love-lock.
Wycli/, Isa. xxviii. 24. of state, and to make the formal proclamation of war or
peace. The office was formerly of great importance, and Love-locks, or ear-lockg, in which too many of our na-
ear-flap (er'flap), ». The hanging flap of a was originally conferred by grant of the king (as early as tion have of late liegun to glory, . . . are yet . . . but so

dog's ear. the time of Richard II. ), but is now hereditary in the family raany badges of infamy, effeminacy, vanity. Prynne.
ear-gland (er'gland), n. The warty glandular of the Howards, dukes of Norfolk, called the premier earls early (er'li), adv. [Early mod. E. also erhj,
of England. (See marthal.) There were formerly also earls
skin or tympanum of a batrachian, as a toad; erley ; < ME. erly, erli, ereli, north, arly, arely,
marshals in Scotland. See marUchal.
the parotid. ayrly, etc., < AS. "wrlice, ONorth. arlice, early
The list
ear-hole (er'hol), «. The aperture of the ear; Of those that claim their offices this day, (rare, the common form being «r, E. ere) (=
the outer orifice of the ear; the external audi- By custom of the coronation. . . . Icel. drliga, also contr. aria, adv., Dan. =
tory meatus or passage. Next, the duke of Norfolk,
He to be earl marshal. Shak., Hen. VIII., Iv. 1.
aarle, adj. and adv.), < eer, ere, early, -lice, +
eariness, ". See eeriness. E. -Iy2: see erei.] Near the initial point of
earing'^ (er'ing), ». [< earl -i»<7l.] +
A small Earl palatine. See palatitte. some reckoning in time in or during the first ;

rope attaehed'to the cringle of a sail, by which ear-lap (er'lap), «. [< ME. erelappe, < AS. ear- part or period of some division of time, or of
it is bent or reefed. When attached to the head- 1"??." ir Oi ries^arleppa, arlippa =^1 MD. dim. some course or procedure: as, come early;
cringle for bending, it is called a head-earing; when at- oorlapken Norw. orilap, oreUpp Sw. orlapp = = early in the day, or in the century; early in his
tached to the reef -cringle, a reej-earin^j. Dan. drel(ep (Sw. usually orflik or iirtipp, = career.
If the second mate is a smart fellow, he will never let Dan. oreflip) G. ohrldpp-ehen), ear-lap, < eare, = And Ewein that gladly roos euer erly more than eny
any one take either of these posts from him but if he is ear, Iteppa, lap: see earl and topi.]
; +
1. The other. ilerlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 448.
wanting either in seamanship, strength, or activity, some tip
better man will get the bunt and earinge from him.
of the ear. 2. One of a pair of covers for — Those that seek me early shall find me. Prov. viil. 17.
R. U. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 28. the ears in cold weather, made of cloth or fur
Satirday, erUy in the mornyng, we toke our Jorneyne
From clue to earlsi;. .^««,. so as to incase them [U. S.] towardys Jherusaleni.
x.„^..u=.v,c»xx^. .See due.
earing- (trine), H.- f Verbal n. of eara.f.l The ^^'"l^PP®* (*'" '^P^*)' "• 1. An auricular cu- Torkington, Diarie of Eng. Travell, p. 25.
' ^
forming of' ears of corn. taneous fold or flesh jf excrescence of a bird; Diffuse thy lieneflcence early, and while thy treasures
Their winter some call Popanow, the spring Cattapeak,
a kind of wattle hanging from the ear : usually call thee master. Sir T. Browne, Christ Mor., L 5.
the sommer Cohattayough. the earing of their Come Ne- called ear-lobe. As the city of Thebes was so antient, sciences flourished
piuough, the harvest and fall of leafe Taquitock. In the Datch ral)-breed of the Spanish fowl the white In it very early, particularly astronomy and philosophy.
Capt. John Smith, True Travels, I. 128. ear-lappett are developed earlier than In the common Pococke, Description of the East, I. 109.

earingSf (er'ing), n. [< ME. "ering, < AS. er- Spanish breed. Darwin, Var. of Animals and Plants, p. 263. =Syn. Early, Soon, Betimes. Early is relative, and notes
occurrence before some fixed or usual time, or before the
iiitj, eriung, verbal n. of erian, plow, ear: see 2. Same as ear-lap, 2. [Rare.] course of time had far advanced beyond that i>olnt as,
ear3.] A
plowing of land. See «ar3. earldom (6rl'dum),n. [< JIE.erfdoni, eorldom, he rose early (that is, he rose before the usual time of
:

Y( rishes, gresse, or fern In with this walle is.

< AS. eorldom (= lce\. jarldomr = Norw. Dan. rising, or before the day had advanced far) he came early ;

With ereyng ofte her lyves wol be spende. jarleaomme =

Sw. jarldome), < eorl, earl, + in the evening (that is, before the evening was far ad-
vanced) ; while in "come early " the meaning may be only
faOadiiu, Uusbondrie(E. E. T. 8.), p. 151. -dom, -dom.] The seig^niory, jurisdiction, or *'
do not be late in your conting, or do not delay your com-
There are Are years. In the which there shall neither be dignity of an eari. ing beyond the set or accustomed time. Soon means '

earing nor harvest Gen. xlv. a. Of the eleven earldome, three were now (ISOOl rested In shortly, or in a short time after the present or some fixed
the king, who, besides being earl of Lancaster, Lincoln, point of time as, come so<m ; he left soon after my arrivaL
:
earing-cringle (er'ing-kring'gl), n. See cringle. Betimes (by time) means in good time for some speciflc
and Hereford, was also earl of Derby Leicester, and Nortli-
earisht (er'ish), a. [<earl + -<»Al.] Auricular. »nipton. object or all useful purposes as, he rose betimes.
:
Stubiu, Const. Hist, i .103.
Dacies. early (^r'li), <i. ; compar. earlier, superl. earliest.
His [Antichrbt's] idolatroiu altars, hls«aruA confestlon,
earldorman.
form of Anglo-Saxon »i. A false [< ME. 'erlich, earlich, found only once as adj.,
his honsel in one kind for the lay, ealdorman, due to confusion with Anglo-Saxon
and all his petting
. . . and prob. due to the adv. : see eaWy, adv.] 1,
; pedlary, is utterly banished and driven out of this land eorl. Sec alderman. Pertaining to the first part or period of some
&i^.. Works, Ili.V earl-duck (trl'duk), v. [Var. of liarle (Ork-
division of time, or of some course in time
ear-klssing (er'kis'ing), a. Kissing (that is, ''^y)» name of same bird.] The red-breasted being at or near the beginning of the portion
whispiTfd in) the ear. merganser. SicainaoH. [Prov. Eng.]
of time indicated or concerned: as, an early
You have heard of the news abroad I mean the whis- earles-pennyt (^rlz'pen'i \ n. [ME. : see arles,
; hour; early manhood; the early times of the
pered ones, for they are yet bat earkitnng arinuuents. arle-i>eiiiiy.'\ iloney in ratification of a con- church.
Shak., Lear, ii. 1. tract earnest-money. ;
In their early days they had wings.
earl (ferl), n. [< ME. erl, earlier eorl, earl, as a earless (er'les), a. [< earl -f- -less.'] 1. De- Bacon, lloral Fables, vl.
designation of rank, < AH. eorl, an earl, a noble- prived of ears; having the ears cropped. The delinquencies of the early part of his administra-
man of high rank, nearly equiv. to ealdorman Earlett on high stood unabash'd Defoe. tion had been atoned for by the excellence of the later
(see alderman) first in the Kentish laws, but
; Pope, Dnnclad, IL 147. part ilacaulay, Warren Hastings.
its common use as a title and designation of 2. Destitute of ears; not eared; exauriculate: Vnfortunately blighted at an early stage of their growth.
offipc Ix-^ins with the Scandinavian inva.sion, as, the earless seals. 3. Specifically, in omitli.,
through the influence of the cognate Icel. Sw- having no plumicoms: as, the earless owls.
— Hawthorne, Old Manse, I.

2. Appearing or occurring in advance of, or

Dan. jaW, Icel. orig. earl, in the earliest Scand 4t. Not giving ear; not inclined to hear or lis- at or near the beg'uning of, some appointed,
use a man above the rank of a ' carl ' or churl, ten. usual, or well-understood date, epoch, season,
then, esp. as a Norw. and Dan. title, an earl; A surti and earleu generation of men. Sir T. Browne. or event ; being before the usual time : as, an
the earlier AS. use occurs only in poetry, eorl, Earleaa marmot. See marmot. early riser; early fruit; eaWy (that is, prema-
a man, esp. a warrior (pi. earlas, men, warriors, earlet (er'let)"H. [< earl -h dim. -fcf.] ture) decay; early marriage.
1 A
the i)eople, as an army), z= OS. erl, a man, small ear.— 2. An ear-ring. = The early bird catches the worm. Proverb.
OHG. erl, only in proper names; cf. Heruli, And he said to them I desire one of you Give The early lark, that erst was mute,
EruU, the LL. form of the name of a people of me the eartelt of your spoils. For thereqnest Ismaelites were ac-
: :

Carols to the rising day

northern Germanv, prob. the wamors,' 08. ciutomed to wear golden earlelt.
' Many a note and many a lay. ,
pi. erlos, AS. eorlas, etc. Further origin un- Judges vllL 24 (Douay version). Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, Iv. 4.
known; it is impossible to derive eorl from 3. In bot., an auricle, as in certain foliose He- 3. Occurring in the near future: as, I shall
ealdor, a chief, as has been suggestod.] A pa tiece. take an early opportunity of calling on you:
Britishtitleof nobility designating a nobleman earlid(er'lid),n. [< earl -^ Krf. Ct.eyelid.'] In the petitioners asked that a meeting be called
of the third rank, being that next below a mar- sool., a valvular ' ' external- cutaneous ear which
'
at an early date. —
4. In cmbryol., very young;
qnis and next above a viscount. Earl was the can be shut down upon the auditory opening. very recently formed : as, an early embryo.
highest title until 1337, when the Ant dnke was created Early EngUslL See JfnyfwA.— Early Eoglisb archi-
and The tympanic membranes (of the crocodile] are exposed,
it fell to the third rank in 1386, on the creation of the tecture, the Pointed style of medieval arcliitecture in
but a cutaneous valve, or earlid, lies above each and can
title of manpiit. The earl formerly had the government England, which was developed from and succeeded the
!« shut down over It lluxUy, Anat Vert, p. 214.
of a shire, and was called Aireman. After the conquest Norman at the close of the twelfth and in the early part
when their office was' flririiiad7'heredltaryV"«Ss' were ear-lifter (er'lif'tfer), n. [< ear^, v., lifter.'] + of the thirteenth century. It is characterized in gen-
tot a time called eouirts and from them shire* took the
name of eoun^M. the wife of an earl sUll called amnt-
A jirojccting guide on the knife-bar of a har- eral by purity and simplicity of lines, combined with
U v„,^.r to assist in lifting fallen or storm-beaten
delicacy, reflncment, and grace. The columns and shafts
M». Earl is now
a mere title, unconnected wlthlcriiti are more slenilcr than those of the preceding style, and
rial juriadi' tion, so much so that several earls have taken grnin, so that it can be cut by the machine. foliage in some instances sprouts out from the central
astlieieirtitl.-stlieirown names with the predxioW. as /Jori earlinesS (6r'li-nes), M. The state or pillar Ijetwecn the shafts; the moldings are more deli-
<irrij,.harls,,^ncrr.EarlRu-elL An earls coronet con- cately curve<i, and are alteniated with hollows so as to
being early; a state of advance or fforward-
stsU of a r,. bly chased circle of gold,, having on lU upper „„„,? „ .* A' „f >.„:„„ „,.)„, ." give beautiful effects of light and shade; the capitals
.„ ",i.
to something
e.u"d;ruT,;7wSe"S^e^'^^1?.'."urw'i'2"£Kffi:
"««V,b
«tft«.''^l'«•°K P"°' else. fre<iucntly have the form of an Inverted l)ell. and are
-ach raiMd on a spire higher than tbeleaVei' and ViUi a O^ '^^ the beginning, often enriched with foliage, as of the trefoil, rising from
'
»P. etc., as in a duke's coronet. See cat under eoronel. llie goodness of the crop Is great gain. the neck-molding anil swelling outward lieneatli the
If the goodness
A Dukes answers the earlinejte of coming up. abacus ; the towers are loftier and are often crowned by
Eldest sonnea be Earlet, and all the rest of his Itacon.
spires the Ijuttrcssis prnjict boldly the vaults are grciin-
sonns are Lords, with tlie Addltionof there Christen name, Thy earlineu doth me assure,
; ;

eil, and the gracifnl wallarcudcs often have their span-

as Lord Thomas, i.»rdHenry. Tboa art up-roua'd by some distemp'rature. drels tilled with sculpture. The most distinctive features
Boots <{/ Preeedenet (E. B. T. 8., extra ser.), 1. 27. SAa*..K.aud J., II. 3. of the Early English style, however, are the pointed arches
 — ; ;

early 1818 earnestness

and long, narrow, lancet-headed windows, without mul- eam^, ern^, erne^ (6m), «. [< ME. em, erne,
"
earnest^ -i^ (fer'nest), «. [With excrescent -t, <
ilonx. Toward the end of the period the windows be- cani, «)•«, earn, < AS. Bcrrn, ONorth. "" ernes, eernes, a pledge,
am = D. ME. -'-^ ' W. ernes, a
< pledge, " -
_

arend = MLG. am, arne, erne, arnt, arent, LG. em, a pledge, emo, give a pledge. Cf. L. arrha,
arend = OHG. MHG. am = Icel. Sw. Dan. iirn, arra, earnest: see arles and arrha.'] 1. A por-
an eagle also without the formative -n, OHG.
; tion of something given or done in advance as
aro, MHG. ar, G. aar = Icel. ari = Goth, ara, a pledge security in kind ; specifically, in law,
;

an eagle (in comp. MHG. adel-am, also adel-ar,
G. adler = D. adelaar, eagle, 'noble eagle'),
lit.
akin to OBulg. orilii = Bulg. Slov. orel = Serv.
orao = Bohem. Orel = Pol. orzel, orel (barred
= Buss, orelii = OPruss. arelie = Lith. arelis,
erelw = Lett, erglis, an eagle, appar. orig. the
a part of the price of goods or service bai gained
for, which is paid at the time of the bargain
to evidence the fact that the negotiation has
ended in an actual contract. Hence it is said to
hind the bargain. Sometimes the earnest, if trifling in
amount, is not taken into account in the reckoning.
'

Early English Architecture.— Galilee Porch and South Transept of
Lincoln Cathedral.
came grouped in a manner that led to the development
of tracery, and the style passed into the Decorated style.
Also called the First Pointed or Lancet
bird' by eminence, = Gr. bpviq (stem bpvid-, dial.
opvtx-, orig. bpvi-), also bpvcov, a bird, so called
from its soaring, < bpyvvai {^/ *op) = L. oriri,
rise, soar (> ult. E. orient), = Skt. -/ar, move.]
An eagle. This is the original English name for the
eagle. It is now chiefly poetical or dialectal, or used, as
in zoology, in special designations like bald earn.
That him ne hauede grip [gripe vulture] or em.
Havelok,
An em, in stede of his baner,he set vp of golde.
Robert of Gloucester, p. 215.
Bald earn. See bald eat^e, under eagle.
earn*! (6m), v. i. [A corruption of yearn^, by
confusion with earn", equiv. to yearn^.] To
yearn.
And ever as he rode his hart did eai-ne
To prove his puissance in battell brave.
Spenser, F. Q.,
eam^t (6rn), v. i. Same as yearn^.
eamesti (er'nest), n. [< ME. ernest, eornest, <
AS. eornest, eornost, eornust, zeal, serious pur-
pose, =
OFries. emst, Fries, emste MD. aernst, = figurative, earnest is always a pledge in kind, a part paid
D. ertist =
MLG. ernest, emst, LG. emst OHG. = or given in warrant that more of the same kind is forth-
ernust, MHG.
ernest, G. emst, zeal, vigor, seri-
ousness; cf. Icel. er», brisk, vigorous. The OHG.
style.
Giving them some money in hand as an earnest of the
rest. Ludlow, Memoirs.
2. Anything that gives pledge, promise, assur-
ance, or indication of what is to follow ; first-
fruits.
Poul tellith in this epistle of fredom of Cristene men,
how thei have ther ernes here, and fully fredom in hevene.
Wycli/, Select Works (ed. Arnold), II. 277.
1. 672. He who from such a kind of Psalmistry, or any other
verbal Devotion, without the pledge and earnest of suta-
ble deeds, can be perswaded of a zeale and true righteous-
ness in the person, hath much yet to learn.
Milton, Elkonoklastes, 1.
Ev'ry moment's calm that soothes the breast
Is giv'n in earnest of eternal rest.
Covrper, An Epistle.
= Syil. Earnest, Pledge. Earnest, \\^& pledge, \mec\iv\iy
given for the doing of something definite in the future, and
I. i. 3.
generally returned when the conditions of the contract
have been fulfilled. In 2 Cor. i. 22 and v. 6 we read tliat
the Spirit is given as the earnest of indefinite future favors
from God in Blackstone we find " a penny, or any portion
;
of tlie goods delivered as earnest." Whether literal or
coming; as in "Macbeth," i. 3, Macbeth is hailed thane
of Cawdor "for an eai'nest of a gi-eater honor." See also
" Cynibeline," i. 6. Pledge is often used figuratively for

«armark (er'mark), «. [< carl + niarlc.'] 1. and MHG.

word has, rarely, the sense of 'fight- that which seems promised or indicated by the actions of

A mark on the ear by which a sheep or other ing,' but there is no authority in AS. or ME. the present, earnest being preferred for that which is of
the same nature with the thing promised, and pledge for
domestic animal is known. Hence 2. Figur- — for this sense, on which a comparison with Icel.
orrosta, mod. orosta, orusta, a battle, is found-
that which is materially different.
atively, in lato, any mark for identification, as Man, if not yet fully installed in his powers, has given
& privy mark made on a coin. 3. Any charac- — ed.]
ness.
It. Gravity; serious purpose; earnest- much earnest of his claims.
Marg. Fuller, Woman in 19th Cent., p. 15.
teristic or distinguishing mark, natural or oth-
The hoote ernest is al overblowe.
er, by which the ownership or relation of some- Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 1287.
Seldom has so much promise, seldom have so great ear-
nestsot great work, been so sadly or so fatally blighted.
thing is known. Therewith she laught, and did her earnest end in jest. Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 10.
What distinguishing marks can a man fix upon a set of Spenser, F. Q., II. vi. 23.
Intellectual ideas, so as to call himself proprietor of them? Bright pledge of peace and sunshine.
They have no earmarks upon them, no tokens of a par- 2. Seriousness; reality; actuality, as opposed Vaughan, The Rainbow.
ticular proprietor. Burrows. to jesting or feigned appearance. eamest^t (fer'nest), v. t. [< earnest^, «.] To
An element ofdisproportion, of grotesqueness, earmark Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to earnest. serve as an earnest or a pledge of.
of the barbarian, disturbs us, even when it does not dis- Sir P. Sidney.
gust, in them all [songs of the Trouveres). This little we see is something in hand, to earnest to ua
But take it earnest wed with sport. those things which are in hope.
Lowell, Study Windows, p. 243.
And either sacred unto you. T. Shepard, Clear Sunshine of the Gospel, Ded.
'earmark (er'mark), v. t. [< earmark, m.] To !re7iny«o?i, Day-Dream, Epil.
j.r t /x/ 4.*-i\ +
mark, as sheep, by cropping or slitting the ear. " [< earnest^
in earnest, or in good earnest, with a serious purpose; «^?^f
-*"'
*i^ljt„
s,A-,.,m,fj". T.tlf''
^«^c.at
seriously; not in sport or jest, noi- in a thoughtless, trifling ful.]
^ Serious; = earnest..
For feare least we be reputed,
like rogues should
And for eare-niarked beasts abroad be bruted. way as, they set to work in earnest.
: Lat us stinte of emestful matere.
Spenser, Mother Hub. Tale. What ever he be he shall repente the daye Chaucer, Clerk's Tale, 1. 1176.

•earn! (fern), v. t. [< ME.

ernen, ernien, earnien, That he was bold, in earnest or in game. earnestly (er'nest-li), adv. [< ME. ernestly, <
To do to you this villany and shame.
< AS. earnian, earn, merit, with altered sense, Generydes (E. E. T. S.), I. 610.
AS. eomostlice, earnestly, strictly (also used
developed, as indicated by the cognate forms conjunctively as a stiff translation of L. ergo,
He AcitAingoodeamest what Rehoboam did but threat'n.
(the E. dial, sense ' glean,' as in def. 3, being Milton, Elkonoklastes, xxvii. igitur, itaque, etc., therefore, and so, but, etc.)
appar. of later growth), from that of 'work
earnest! (Er'nest), a. [< ME. "emeste, adj.,
(= D. ernstelijk = OHG.
emustlihho, er- MHG.
(reap) for hire,' =
MLG. amen, ernen, OHG. not foimd (only emestful), < AS. eornoste, adj.
nestliche, G. ernstlicli), < eornost, earnest, -lice, +
amon, MHG. arnen, reap; from a noun not E. -Iy2.] In an earnest manner; warmly;
and adv., = MLG. ernest, emst, G. emst, adj.
found in AS., but represented by OFries. am from the noun.] 1. Serious in speech or ac-
zealously ; importunately eagerly with real ; ;

= MLG. am, aren, arne, erne, OHG. aran, am, tion; eager; urgent; importvmate; pressing;
desire ; with fixed attention.
MHG. erne (< OHG. pi. emi), harvest (whence instant : as, earnest in prayer. Thenne euelez on erthe ernestly grewen.
OHG. arnot, pi. arnodi, MHG. ernede, ernde, G. He was moat earnest with me, tohaue me say my mynde
Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), L 2227-

emde, dmde, erndte, drndte, usually ernte, har- also. Ascham, The Scholeniaster, p. 71. Being in an agony, he prayed more earnestly.
vest), =
Icel. (inn for 'asnu, work, a working
The common people were earnest with this new King
Luke xxii. 44.
season, =
Goth, asans, harvest, harvest-time for peace with the Tapanecans. There stood the king, and long time earnestly
Looked on the lessening ship.
(cf Russ. oseni, harvest, autumn) ; whence
.
Purehas, Pilgrimage, p. 792.
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 309.
Goth, asneis =
OHG. asni =
AS. esne, a hired With much difficulty he suffer'd me to looke homeward,
Money
laborer.] 1. To gain by labor, service, or per- being very earnest with nie to stay longer. earnest-money (er'nest-mun'^i), ».
Evelyn, Diary, Sept 10, 1877.
paid as earnest to bind a bargain or ratify and
formance; acquire; merit or deserve as com-
pensation or reward for service, or as one's real confirm a sale. Also called hand^noney.
Some of the magistrates were very earnest to have irons
presently put upon them. earnestness (fer'nest-nes), ». 1. Intentness or
or apparent desert ; gain a right to or the pos- Winthrop, Hist. New England, II. 176.
session of: as, to earn a dollar a day; to earn zeal in the pursuit of anything ; eagerness
2. Possessing or characterized by seriousness strong or eager desire; energetic striving: as,
a fortune in trade; to earn the reputation of
in seeking, doing, etc. strongly bent; intent: to seek or ask with earnestness; to engage in a
;
being stingy.
Grant that your stubljomness as, an earnest disposition. work with earnestness.
Slade you delight to earn still more and more On that prospect strange So false is the heart of man, so contradictory are . . .
Extremities of vengeance. ' Their earnest eyes they fix'd.
its actions and intentions, that some men pursue virtue
Beaumont, Psyche, 11. 119.
J. Milton, P. L., x. 663.
with great earnestness, and yet cannot with patience look
Every joy that life gives must be earned ere it is se-
cured and how hardly earned, those only know who have
3. Strenuous; diligent: as, earnest efforts. 4. — upon it in another. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 799.
;
Serious ; weighty ; of a serious, important, or Moderation costs nothing to a man who has no earnest-
wrestled for great prizes. Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, vii.
weighty nature ; not trifling or feigned. ness. II. N. Oxenham, Short Studies, p. 140.
What steward but knows when stewardship earns its wage? They who have no religious earnestness are at the mercy,
Browning, Ring and Book, I. 44. They whom earnest lets do often hinder.
Hooker, Ecclcs. Polity. day by day, of some new argument or fact, which may over-
2. In base-ball, to gain or secure by batting or Your knocks were so earnest that the very sound of them take them, in favor of one conclusion or the other.
base-running, and not by the errors or bad play J. H. Newman, Gram, of Assent, p. 414.
made me start. Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, p. 244.
of opponents: as, one side scored 5, but had Life is real, life is earnest. Longfellow, Psalm of Life. 2. Anxious care ; solicitude strength of feel- ;

earned only 3 runs. —

3. To glean. Halliwell.
eamest^t (fer'nest), v. t. [= G. ernsten, be se- ing; seriousness: as, a man of great earnest-
[Prov. Eng.] iiess; the charge was maintained with much
vere, speak or act severely; from the noim.]
«ani2 (6m), V. i. [E. dial, and Sc, < ME. ernen, earnestness.
To be serious with ; use in earnest.
eornen, urnen, etc., < AS. irnan, yrnan, eoman, I learn that there is truth and firmness and an earnest-
Let's prove among ourselves our armes in jest,
transposed form of rinnan, etc., run (ME. also
.

ness of doing good alive in the world. ,

That when we come to earnest them with men. Donne, Letters, xlvil
coagulate): see run (of which eam'^ is a dou- We may them better use.
blet), runnet, rennet.] To curdle, as milk. Pastor Fido(\Wi), Big. E 1. =Syn. 1. Zeal, Enthusiasm, etc See eagerness.
 ! ; ; —

1819 earth
earnest-penny
Withinne a se al the gold withinne
tyme 3e schal
(fer'nest-pen'i), n. Same as ear- park for game: see eddish. The vdt. origin and litil
earnest-pennyt the Mercuric turned into erthe as sotile as flour.
nest-money. the relations of the two words are not clear.] Book 0/ (iuinte Essence (ed. Furnivall), p. 8.
Stubble; a stubble-field: same as eddish, 1. Two mules' burden of earth. 2 KL v. 17.
Accept this gift, most rare, most fine, most new
The eamtit-venny of a love so fervent. ear-shell (er'shel), «. The common name of The majority of the cities and towns [of Greece) com-
Ford, Love's Sacrifice, lu 2. any shell of the family iraJiO«d<E; a sea-ear: so plied with the demand made upon them, and gave the
An argument of greater good hereafter, and an earnest- called from the shape Guernsey ear-shell, Hali- [Persian] king earth and water.
vmny of the perfection of the present grace, that is, of the otit liihfrcxdata same as onner. : ,
Von Sanke, Univ. Hist, (trans.), p. 165.
Hanis of glory. Jer. Taylor, Worl. (ed 1836), i^265_
(er'shot), ». Reach of hearing; the 4. The inhabitants of the globe ; the world.
ear-net (er'net), »K A
covering for the ears of "T^Jrrl. I;^ „i,:_u" i „„ •u„ i,->„wi
distance at which words may be heard. The whole earth was of one language. Gen. xi. 1.
horses, made of netted cord, to keep out flies, the hopeful lady of my earth.
FuU Gomez, stand you out of earshot. I have something to She is
eamfult (^rn'ful), n. [Avar, of yearn/«7.] say to your wife in private. Dryden, Spanish Friar. Shak., E. and J., i. 2.

of anxiety; causing anxiety or yearning. There were numerous heavy oaken benches, which, by 5. Dirt; hence, something low or mean.
The eorn/W smart which eats my breast. the united efforts of several men, might be brought within What ho slave Caliban
! ! 1

P. FUtcher, Piscatory Eclogues, T. earthot of the pulpit. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvias Lovers, vi.
Thou earth, thou speak. Shak., Tempest, i. 2.
!

(fep'ning), n, l<ME.eming,ernung,<. ear-shliftt (er' shrift), «. Aviricular confession.

earning! ^ 6. The hole in which a fox or other burrowing
earnung, earning (= OHG. arnunc, arnunga),
^

A.S. The Papists' lenten preparation of forty days' earshri/t. animal hides itself.
Cartwrigkt, Admonition.
desert, reward, verbal n. of earnian, earn: see Seeing I never stray'd beyond the cell.
earn^.] That which is earned ; that which is Your earetkrift (one part of your penance) is to no pur- But live like an old badger in his earth.
CaifhiU, Answer to Martiall, p. 243.
gained or merited by labor, servioej or per- pose. Tennyson, Holy Grail.
formance ; re ward wages ; compensation : used ear-snail (er'snal),
; n. A snaU of the family 7. In chmn., a name formerly given to certain
chiefly in the plural. Otinida. inodorous, dry, and uninflammable substances
•mu is the great eipense of the poor that takes up ear-SOret (er'sor), a. and n. I. a. Morose; quar- which are metallic oxids, but were formerly re-
almost all their eaminf/s. Locke, relsome apt to take offense.
;
garded as elementary bodies. They are insoluble
A tax im that part of profits known as earning* of man- H. n. Something that offends the ear. \n water, difficultly fusible, and not easily reduced to the
a>r-meiit. Eiuyc. Brit., XXIII. 88.
.^^ perpetual jangling of the chimes too in all the metallic state. "The most important of them are alumina,
TVerbal n. of earrfi, r.] great towns of nanders is no small earsore to us. zirconia, glucina, yttria, and thorina. The alkaline earths,
flamlne^ ffir'ninc) n.
baryta, strontia, lime, and magnesia, have more the prop-
[Pror. Eng.] r»m Bro«m, Works. I. 306.
fcunet. Brockftt. erties of the alkalis, being somewhat soluble in water, and
eaming-grass (6r'ning-gras), n. The common earstt, adv. An archaic spelling of erst. having an alkaline taste and reaction.
butterwort, I'inguicitla vulgaris: so called from ear-Stone (er'ston), n. An otolith. The sub- 8. In elect. : (o) The union of any point of a
its property of curdling milk. [Prov. Eng.] stance of these concretions is often called brain telegraph-line, submarine cable, or any system
ear-pick (er'pik), ». An instrument for elean- irnry (which see, tmder ivory). of conductors charged with or conveying elec-
iuj,' the ear. ear-string (er'string), n. An ornamental ap- tricity with the ground. It is generally made by Join-
ear-piece (er'pes), ». [Tr. of F. oreilUre.'] A
pendage worn by men in the seventeenth cen- ing the point at which the earth is to be established by
means of a good conductor with a metallic plate buried
name given to the side-piece of the burganet tury ; a silk cord, usually black, passed through in moist earth, or with metallic water-pipes or gas-pipes,
or open helmet of the sixteenth century, usual- the lobe of the ear and hanging in two,
four,
which, on account of their large surface of contact with
ly made of splints, and covering a leather strap or more strands, sometimes so low as
to lie tlie earth, usually afford excellent earth-connections, (ft)
"
Com- upon the shoulder, sometimes only two or three
or chin-bana to which they are riveted
inches long. In all the representations of this
A fault in a telegraph-line or cable, arising out
pare cheek-piece. Also caUed oreillire. of an accidental contact of some part of the
ear-piercer (er'per'sfer), n. [Tr. of F. perce- fashion it is limited to the left ear. metallic circuit with the earth or with more
The earwig. earthi^ (*rth), n. [Early mod E. also erth; <
oreille.] or less perfect conductors connected with the
ear-piercing (er' per' sing), a. Piercing the ear, ME. erthe, eorthe, < AS. eorthe OS. crtha, = earth.— Adamlc earth. See Adatnic— Axis of the
as a shrill or sharp sound. erdha =
OFries. erthe, irthe, erde, NFries. yerd earth, see axisi.— BaA earth, in elect., a connection
O, farewell =
MD. erde, aerde, D. aarde MLG. erde = = with the earth in which great resistance is offered to the
Farewell the neighing steed, and the shrill trump. OHG. erda, erdha, MHG. G. erde Icel. jordh = passage of the current. —
Black earth, a kind of coal
which is pounded fine and used l>y jiainters in fresco.—
The spirit-Btirrlng drum, the ear-piereing fife.
SA(ii;.,UtheUo, ill. 3.
8w. jord =
Dan. jord =
Goth, airtha, earth = Chlan earth. See CA fan.— Cologne earth, a kind of
(OTeut. 'ertha, in L. as Hertha, as the name of light bastard ocher, of a deep-brown color, transparent,
ear-pocket (er'pok'et), n. The little pouch a goddess) ; allied to OHG. ero, earth, Icel. jiirfi, and durable in water-color painting. It is an earthy va-
formed by a fold of skin at the root of the outer gravel, Gr. ipa-l^e, to the earth, on the ground. riety of lignite or partially fossilized wood, and occurs in
ear of some animals, as the cat. an irregular bed from 30 to 60 feet deep neiir Cologne,
Usually, but without much probability, referred whence the name.— Compression of the earth. See
ear-reach (er'rech), n. Hearing-distance ; ear- to the \/ 'ar, plow, whence ear'^, earUfi, eard, comprroton.- Dead earth, or total earth, in elect., an
shot, [liare.] arable, etc.] 1. The terraqueous globe which eartn-connection offering almost no resistance to the pas-
The sound of it might have pierced your Mnse* with we inhabit, it is one of the planets of the solar system, sage of the current, as when a telegraph-wire falls ui>on

gladness, had you been in ear.rtaek of it. being the tlilrd in order from the sun. The figure of the a railroad-track, or when the conductor of a submarine
B. Jatum, Epicotne, ii. 2. cable has a consideralde surface in actual contact with
esrth is approximately that of an ellipsoid of revolution
Some inviaible eare might be in unbosh within the ear- or oblate spheroid, the axes uf whieh measure 12,756,606 the water. —
Earth of alum, a substance obtained by
water
precipitjiting the earth from alum dissolved in by
T'orh of hii word*. FxdUr, Holy 8Ute. meters and 12,713,042 meters, or 7,926 statute mile* and
and 7,889 statute miles and 1,023 yards, respec- adding .minionia or potassa. It is used for paints.- Earth
made by lacer- 1,041 yards,
ear-renti (er'rent), ». Payment tively, thus making the compression 1 203. The radius of
:
of bone,a phosphate of lime existing in bones after calci-

ation or loss of the ears. the earth, considered as a sphere, is 3,068 mUes. The mean
nation.— Ends of the earth. See end.— Figure of the
density of the whole earth Is 6.6, or aboot twice that of the earth, the shape and size, not of the earth's surface, but
A hole to thrust your heads in. of the mean sea-level continued under the land at the
For which you should pay ear-rent. B. Jonton. crust, and its interior is probably metallic. The earth re-
heights at which water would stand in canals open to the
volves upon It* axis in one sidereal day, which is S minutes
ME. erering, eerryng, sea also, the generallied figure or ellipsoid which most
ear-ring (er'ring), n. [< snd S6.tl seconds shorter than a mean solar day. It* axis ;

<AS. edrhring (= D. oorring = OHG. orring, remains nearly parallel to itself, but has a large but alow nearly coincides with the figure of the sea-level.

MHG. orrinc, G. okrring = 8w. orring = Dan. gyration which produces the precession of the equinoxes.
The whole earth reToirea about the sim iu an ellijise in one
If Ijictantius affirm that the Ji<7tire of the earth is plane,
or Austin deny there are antipodes, though venerable fa-
orenring), < edre, ear, +
hring, ring: see ear^
sidereal year, which is MS days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 8 thers of the church and ever to be honoured, yet will not
and ringK'] A
ring or other ornament, ustially seconds. The ecliptic, or plane of the earth's orbit, is In- their authorities prove sufficient to ground a belief there-
of gold or silver, and with or without precious clined to the equator by B* 2r 12" .68 mean oliliquity for on. Sir T. Broume, Vulg. Err., i. 7.
stones, worn at the ear, the usual means of at- January 0, 1880, according to Hansen. The earth is dis- a connection with the earth in which
tant from the sun by about 93,000,000 miles.
Oood earth, in elect. .

tachment being the ring itself, ora hook or
projection which forms a part of it, passing
through the lobe. Among Oriental* ear-rinntuiTe been
used by both sexea from Um earliest times. In England
they were worn by tlw Komaniied Britons and by Anglo-
gai'ins. After the tenth century the fashion seems to hare
declined throogliout Europe, and ear-rings are neither
found in graves nor seen in paintings or sculptures. The
wearing of ear-rings was reintroduced into England in
the sixteenth century, and Stubbs, writing in the time of
Qneen Elizabeth, says, "The women are not ashamed to
nuke hole* in their ears whereat they hang rings and other
iewels of gold and precious stones.' The use of ear-rings
by women lias continued to the present time. In the
seventeenth centunr they were worn by men ; and sea-
faring men, especially uf the southern nations of Europe,
have retained the use of them, commonly in the form of
gold hoops, down to onr own times. Among women the
sliape of ear-rings clianges completely with the fashions,
the current meets witli little resistance in its passage from
A noblll tree, thou secomoure ; the wire or conductor to the earth.- Heavy earth. Same
I blisse hym that the on the erthe
brought as 6ary(a.— Intermittent earth, in elect., an earth-con-
York Playt, p. 214. nection such as is produced by a wire touching at inter-
One expression only in the Old Testament gives ns the vals conducting IkkIIcs in connection with the earth.
word earth in its astronomical meaning,— that in the magnetic poles of the earth. See magnetic— faxtial
twenty-sixth chapter of Job ;
— eajXh, in elect., a poor earth-connection, such as exists
" He stretched out the north over empty space when a telegraphwire rests upon the ground, when its
insulators are defective, or when it touches any conduc-
He hanged the earfAupon nothing." tor connected with the earth, but offering considerable
Dawson, Nature and the Bible, p. 104.
resistance.- To bring to the eartht, to bury. Eng.
It appears, . . . from what we know of the tides of the QiUts. —
To put to eaxth, in elect., to join or connect a
ocean, tliat tlw earth as a whole is more rigid than glass, conductor with the earth.- To run to earth, in hmUing,
and therefore that no very large portion of its interior to chase the game, as a fox, to its hole or burrow. = Syn.
can be liquid. Clerk MaxweU, Heat, p. 21. 1. Earth, World, Globe. Earth is used as the distinctive
name of our planet in the solar system, as Mercury, Ve-
What are these nus, Earth, Mars, etc. It is used not only of soil, but of
So wither'd, and so wild in their attire. the planet regarded as material, and also as the home of
That look not like the inhabitants o' the earfA, the human race. (See Job i. 7 ; Ps. Iviii. 11.) World has
And yet are ou'tT SAoi:., Macbeth, I. 111.
especial application to the earth as inhabited hence we
89.
;

long, heavy pendants being succeeded by smaller ones, say, he is gone to a better woWif ; are there other toorldl
and these by single stone* in almost invisible cbatons, set 2. The matter of the globe, in distinction
solid
besides this 1 It belongs, therefore, especially to the sur-
close to the lobe of the ear. from water and air; the materials composing face of the earth ; hence we speak of sailing around the
Without eorinfw of silaer or some other metal . . you . the solid parts of the globe; hence, the firm teorid, but not the e/irth. Globe makes prominent the
shall see no Knsse woman, be she wife or maide. land of the earth's surface; the groimd: as, i»undness of the earth : as, to circunmavigate the globe.
Hakiuyfi Voyage; I. 497. The man of the earth, earthy. 1 Cor. xv. 47.
he fell to the earth. first Is

ear-rivet (er'riv'et), n. One of the otoporpaa God called the dry land earth. Gen. i. 10. The Sun flies forward to his brother Sun ;
of a hydrozoan. See otoporpa. The dark £orf A follows wheel'd In her ellipse.
8. The loose material of the earth's surface; Tennyson, Golden Year.
Earse, n. See Erse. the disintegrated particles of solid matter, in Poets, whose thoughts enrich the blood of the world.
earsh, endl (irsh), n. [E. dial., also errish, erige,
distinction from rock; more particularly, the Tennyson, Princess, li.
aritih, and by contraction ash, < ME. ascke,
combinations of particles constituting soil, In the four quarters of the globe, who reads an Ameri-
stubble, appar. corrupted, by association with
mold, or dust, as opposed to unmixed sand or can Itook?
asrhe, ashes, from reg. 'ersch, < AS. *erae, 'terse, Sydney Smith, Rev. of Seybart's Annals of United States.
clay. Earth, lieing regarded by ancient philosophers as
found only in comp. ersc-hen, ar$oJten, equiv. simple, was calleil an element and in popular hinguiige
; On the heail of Frederic is all the blood which was shed
to edisc-hen, a quail (see eddith-heit), edise, and we stiU hear of the four elements, fire, air, earth, and in a war which raged during many years and in every
presumably 'ersc, 'terse, meaning a pasture, a water. quarter of the globe. Macaulay, Frederic the Great
 ; : . :

eartb 1820 earth-plate

earth^ (^rth), r. [= LG. erden = Icel. jardha earth-current (ferth'kur'ent), n. See current. rotation in a magnetic field, and connected with
= Sw.jorda = Dan. jorde, trans., earth, bury; earth-dint (ferth'din), n. "[ME. erthedinc, -dijn, a galvanometer by means of which the induced
from the noun.] I. trans. 1. To hide in or "as -denr, < AS. eorth-dync, an earthquake, < eorthe, current of electricity can be measured. It is
in the earth. earth, -I- dyne, a loud sound, din.] An earth- used for measuring the strength of magnetic
All you once earth yourself, John, in the barn, quake. fields as compared with that of tlie earth.
1 hAve no daughter vor you. Pestilences and hungers sal be, earthiness (er'thi-nes), n. 1. The quality of
JB. Jonsoii, Tale of a Tub, v. 2. And eythedytuf in many contre. being earthy, or of containing earth.
The fox is earthed. Dnjden, Spanish Friar. Ilampole, Prick of Conscience, 1. 4035.
[He) freed rain-water . . from itsaccidental, and as it
earth-drake (ferth'drak), n. [< ME. "erthedrake,
.

S. To put underground; bury; inter. were feculent ear^/a'?wss. Boyle, Works, III. 10a.
< AS. eorlh-draca, < eorthe, earth, -I- draca,
Upon your prannam's grave, that very night 2. Intellectual or spiritual coarseness; gross-
A\ e earthed her in the shades. drake, dragon.] In Angto-Saxonmyth., a myth-
ness.
B. Jon^on, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1. ical monster resembling the dragon of chivalry.
The grossness and earthiness of their fancy. Hammfmd.
Here swans with nightingales set spells,
silver He sacrifices his c wn life in destroying a frightful earth-
Which sweetly charm the traveller, and raise drake, or dragon. W. Spalding. earthliness (erth'li-nes), n. 1. The quality of
Earth's earthed monarchs from their hidden cells.
earth-eater (^rth'e't6r),n. l. One who or that being earthly; grossness. 2. Worldliness; —
John Ropers, To Anne
But now he hath served the sentence out, . .
liradstreet.
—
which eats earth. 2. Li ornith., specifically, strong attachment to earthly things. 3t. —
Why not earth him and no more words?
.

Kyctibius grandis, the ibigau (which see). Want of durability ; perishableness ; frailty.
T. B. Atdrich, The Jew's ME. Fidler.
Gift. earthen (6r'thn), a. [< erthen, eorthen (AS.
3. To cover with earth or mold; choke with not recorded) = D. aarden = OHG. erdin, irdin, earthling (erth'ling), n. [Not found in ME.
earth. MH6. erdin, erden, G. erden. now irden Goth. = (ef. AS. eorthling, yrthling, a farmer, a tiller of
the earth) (= G. erdling); < earth^ + -ling'^.'] If.
O thou, tlie fountain of whose better part ai'rWfem*, earthen as carWj- -1- -e»j2.]
; Made of
Is earthed and gravel'd up with vain desire. earth ; made of clay or other earthy substance An inhabitant of the earth; a creature of this
Quarteg. Emblems, i. 7. as, an earthen vessel. world; a mortal.
Earth up with fresh mould the roots of those auriculas Go, and tac the erthene litil wyn"/e8sel of the crockere.
Humorous earthlinys will control the stai*s.
which the frost may have uncovered. B. Jonson, Masque of Hymen.
Wyclif, Jer. xix. 1.
Evelyn, Calendarium Hortense. To earthlinijs, the footstool of God, that stage which he
A beggarly account of empty boxes.
raised for a small time, seemeth magnificent.
4. In elect, to put to earth; place in connec- Green earthen pots, bladders, and musty seeds.
Drummond.
tion with the earth. Shak., R. and J.,v. 1.

In dry weather they [conductors] are not earthed at all Do not grudge 2. One strongly attached to worldly things ; a,
well, and a strong charge may then surge up and down To pick out treasures from an earthen pot. worldling.
them, and light somebody else's gas in the most surpris- Herbert. earthly (6rth'li), a. [< ME. crthly, ertheli, eorthe-
ing way. Science, XII. 18.
eartheu'ware (^r'thn-wSr), «. Vessels or oth- li, -liche, -lie, < AS. eorthlic (= OHG. erdllh =
n. intrans. To retire underground ; burrow, er objects of clay (whether alone or mixed with loel. jardhligr), < eorthe, earth, -f -He, E. -lyi.]
as a hunted animal. other mineral substances) baked or fired in a 1. Pertaining to the earth or to this world;
Huntsmen tell us that a fox when escaped from the dogs, kiln, or more rarely sun-dried or otherwise pre- pertaining to the mundane state of existence
after a hard chase, always walks himself cool I)efore be pared without firing. The term is often restricted to as, earthly objects ; earthly residence.
earths. Bp. Ilorne, Essays and Thoughts. the coarser qualities, as distinguislied from porcelain and Eorthliche honeste thynges was offred thus at ones,
Hence foxes earthed, and wolves abhorred the day. stoneware and from terra-cotta. In this sense eartlienware Thorgh tlire kynde kynges kneolyng to lesu.
And hungry churles ensnared the nightly prey. njay be known from porcelain by its opacity, and from Piers Plowman (C), xxii. 94.
Tickelt, Hunting. stoneware by its porosity, wliich latter quality may be rec-
ognized by touching a fracture with tlie tongue, wlieu tlie "Wlian the bretheren of Gawein com thider ther be-gai>
earth2 (6rth), n. [E. dial., < earS, plow, + -//(, tongue will adhere to the porous earthenware, but not to the doell and sorowe so grete tliat noon erthly man niyght
noun-formative; early record is wanting, but stoneware. Earthenware may l)e eitlier miglazed, as Ijricks, devise noon gretter. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. SCO.
card, q. v., in the sense of 'plowing' (OHG. art), ordinary flower-pots, etc., or enameled. See delf^, faience, Our earthly liou.se of this tabernacle. 2 Cor. v. 1.
majolica.
is nearly the same word.] If. The act of plow- 2. Belonging to the earth or world; worldly;
Earthenware is described as a soft, opaque material
ing a plowing.
;
formed of an earthy mixture, refractory, or liard to fuse,
carnal, as opposed to spiritual or heavenly;
Such land as ye break up for barley to sow, in the kiln. vile.
Two earths at the least, ere ye sow it, bestow. Wheatley and Delamotte, Art "Work in Earthenware, p. 1. How is he born in wliom we did knowe non erthely de-
Tusser, Husbandry. lyte. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), i. 1.
earth-fall (ferth'fal), n. [= OFries. irthfal, erth-
2. A day's plowing. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.]
fel, erdfal =
G. erdfall, a sinking of the earth, Whose glory is in their shame, who mind earf Aii/ things*

earth-auger (6rth'a''g6r), n. Same as earth- = iee\. jardhfall =

ban.jordfald = Sw.jordfall, Pliil. iii. 19.
This earthly load
borer. earth-fall.] Same as land-slide. an Of death, call'd life. Milton, Sonnets, ix.
earth-ball (^^rth'bal), n. The truffle, Tuher ci- earth-fast (6rth'fa-t), o. [< ME. "erthfeste, < Myself
harium, which grows in the soil, and produces AS. *corthfmst, eorthfest, < eorthe, earth, fcest, + Am lonelier, darker, earthlier for my loss.
its spores within tuber-like bodies. fast.] Firm in the earth, and difficult to be re- Tennyson, Aylnier's Field.
earth-bath (erth'bath), n. A
remedy occa- moved. 3t. Madeof earth; earthy: as, "earthly sub-
sionally used, consisting of a bath of earth or
mud.
earth-fed (drth'fed), a. Fed upon earthly stance," Holland. —
4. Corporeal not mental. ;

things; low; groveling. Great grace that old man to him given had.
earth-board (ferth'bord), n. The board of a Such carthfed minds For God he often saw, from heaven hight.
plow that turns over the earth ; the mold-board. That never tasted the true heaven of love. All were his earthly eyen botli blunt and bad.
earth-borer (6rth'b6r"er), n. form of auger A B. Jonson. Spenser, F. Q.
for boring holes in the grotmd, in which the fine variety of A D. Being or originating on earth ; of all things
earth-flax (ferth'flaks), v.
twisted shank revolves inside a cylindrical box asbestos, with long, flexible, parallel filaments in the world; possible; conceivable: usedehief-
with a valve, which retains the earth till the resembling flax. Jy as an expletive.
tool is withdrawn. Also called earth-auger, earth-flea (Srth'fle), n. name of the chigoe, A What earthly benefit can be the result ? Pope.
earth-boring auger. See cut under auger. Sarco2>sy Ha penetrans : so called from its living It is passing strange that, during the long period of their
earth-born (er'th'bom), a. 1. Bom
of the in the earth. See cut under chigoe. education, the rising generation should never hear an
earth ; springing originally from the earth : as, earth-fly (erth'fll), n. Same as earth-flea. earthly syllalile about the constitution and administration
of their nation. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXVI. 29.
the fabled earth-born giants. earth-foam (crth'fom), n. Same as aphrite. = S3m. 1. Terrestrial, mundane, sublunary, etc. See world-
Creatures of other mould, earth-bom perhaps, earth-gall (erth'gal), n. [< ME. *erthe-galle, < ly.
Not spirits. Milton, P. L., Iv. S60. AS. eorth-gealla,X eorthe, earth, gealta, gall.] + earthly-minded (erth'li-min"ded), a. Having
2. Arising from or occasioned by earthly con- 1. A
plant of the gentian family, especially the a mind devoted to earthly things.
siderations. lesser centaury, Erythrwa Ceutaurium : so called earthly-mindedness (erth'li-min'ded-nes), n.
All earth-born cares are wrong. Goldsmith. from its bitterness. 2. In the United States, — Grossness ; sensuality ; devotion to earthly ob-
3. Of low birth ; meanly bom. the green hellebore, Veratrum viride. jects; earthliness.

Earth-bom Lycon shall ascend the throne.

earth-hog (erth'hog), n. The aardvark. Also earth-madt (erth'mad), «. [< eartlA + mad^,
a worm.] A kind of worm or grub.
Smith.
called earth-pig. See Orycteropus.
earth-bound (ferth'bound), a. Fastened by earth-holet, n. [ME. eorthehole.'] cave. A The earth-mads and all the sorts of worms . .are.

the pressure of earth ; firmly fixed in the earth earth-house (erth'hous). n. [Sc. eird-, eard-, witliout eyes. Holland.
hence, figuratively, bound by earthly ties or in- yird-house (see eard, 2) ; < ME. erthhus, eorthhns, earth-moss (6rth'm6s), n. A book-name for a
terests. < AS. eorth-hus (= Icei. jardh-ltUs Dan. Jorrf- = moss of the genus Phascum.
Who can impress the forest; bid the tree
Unfix his earth-bound root?
hus =
G. erdhaus), a cave, den, < eorthe, earth, earthnut (erth'nut), n. [< ME. *erthnote, < AS.
'
Shak., Macbeth, iv. 1.
+ house.] The name generally given
has, eorth-nutu for *eorth-hnutu (=D. aardnoot Gt. =
earth-bred (ferth'bred), a. Low; groveling.
throughout Scotland to the underground struc- crdnuss =
Dan. jordiicid =
Sw.jordnot), < eorthe,
tures known as "Picts' houses" or "Plots' earth, +
7(»iwte, nut.] 1. The tuberous root of
Peaiiiints, I'll curb your headstrong impudence. dwellings." The e.arth-honse in its simplest form con- Bunium flexuosum and B. BuJbocastamtm, com-
And make you tremble when the lion roars,
Ye earthbred worms.
sists of a single irregular-shaped cliamlter, formed of un- mon
umbelliferous plants of Europe. See Bu-
A. Brewer (1), Lingua,
earth-chestnut (erth'ches"nut), n. The earth-
i. 6. hewn stones, the side walls gradually converging towaid
tlie top until tliey can be roofed by stones 4 or .5 feet in
nium. —
2. The groundnut, Arachis hypoga:a. —
width, the whole covered in by a mound of earth rising 3. The tuber of Cypcrus rotundiis and some
nut. slightly above the level of tlie suiTounding country. The other species of the same genus.
earth-closet (ferth'kloz'et), n. A night-stool, more advanced form has two or three chambers. Earth-
earth-oil (erth'oil), n. Same as j^etroleum.
or some convenience of that kind, in which the houses are fre(iuent in the northeast of Scotland, occa-
sionally thirty or forty being found in the same locality, earth-pea (erth'pe), «. See pea.
feces are received and covered by dry earth.
as in the Moor of Clova, Kildruminy, Aberdeenshire. earth-pig (<>rth'pig), n. Same as earth-hog.
earth-crab (erth'krab), w. An occasional name Querns, bones, deers' horns, plates of stone or slate, earth-pit (erth'pit), n. trench or pit, cover- A
of the mole-cricket, Gryllotalpa vulgaris. earthen vessels, cups and implements of bone, stone celts,
ed with glass, for protecting plants from frost.
earth-created (6rth'kre-a''ted), a. Formed of bronze swords, etc., are occasionally uncartliediu or near
earth. tlieni. Similar structures are found in Ireland. See earth-plate (erth'plat), n. In elect., a metallic
beehice houxe, under beehim. plate buried in the ground, forming the earth-
And an eternity, the date of gods,
Descended on poor earth-created man !
earth-inductor (6rth'in-duk"tor), n. In elect., connection of a telegraph-wire, lightning-con-
i'oung, Night Thoughts, ix. 220. a coil of wire arranged so as to be capable of ductor, or other electrical appliances.
 :

earthpuff 1821
«loir bending and
show themselves by a Nor Is my flame
«arthpufft (erth'puf ), n A species of Lycoper- Earik-tillingg
unbending of tlie surface, so that a post stucl; in the So earthr/ as to need the dull material force
don; the puff ball. ground, vertical to begin with, does not remain vertical, Of eyes, or lips, or cheeks. Sir J. Denham,
Tuberes, mushrooms, tadstooles, earthturfes, earth- but inclines now to one side and now to another, the plane 5. In mineral., without luster, ordull, andrough-
of the ground in which it stands shifting relatively to the
pufftt.
Komerulator (15So).
horizon. Enojc. Bt-il., XXI. 626. —
ish to the touch. Earthy cobalt. See anbolan.^
earth-pulsation (crth'pul-sa*shon), ». A slow The popular name
Earthy fracture, a fracture wliich exjKjses a rough, dull
movement of the surface of the earth. earth-tongue
(ertU'tung), «. surface, with minute elevations .tnd depressions, cliarac-
wave-like given to elub-shaped fungi of the genus Geo- — teristic of some minerals. Earthy manganese. See
Such movements, in general, escape attention glossum, fouml in lawns and gi-assy pastures.
on account of their long period.
earth-treatment (erth'tret'ment), ». A meth- ear-trumpet (er'trum'pet), n. An apparatus
earthquake (erth'kwak), n. [< ME. erthcqicakc, od of treating wounds with clay (or clayey for collecting sound-waves and conveying them
< crtlu; eartli, + quake, quake. The AS. words earth) dried and finely powdered. It is applied to to the ear, used chiefly by the deaf. Tlie most
were tortU-hifnng, -heofung (bifung, trembling), the
metallic tube having a flaring
wound as a deodorizing agent, tending at, the same common form is a simple
or Ijell-shaped mouth for collecting the waves of sound,
eorth-ditne (dyne, din), eortlistyriing {stynoig, time to prevent or arrest putrefaction. Thomas, Med.
and a smaller end or ear-piece which is inserted in the
etirrin^), eortlistyrennis. _ Cf. eartli-din.'] Amove- Diet.

menroVvibraHon'of'a part oif the earth's crust, earth-tremor (erth'trem'or), n. A minute ear.
ear-wax (er'waks), )(. Cerumen.
Such niiivenienu are of every degree of violence, from movement of the surface of the earth, resem-
earwig (er'wig), «. [= E. dial, earwike, ear-
those that are scarcely jKjrceptible without the aid of bljng an earthquake in rapidity of oscillation,
apparatiu specially contrived for the purpose to those ^^^
tcrig, ycrritcig, erritriggle, etc., < cncygge, ME.
accotmt of its small amplitude requir- crewygge, ycncygge, < AS. edruicga, also once
which overthrow buiUtmgs, rend the ground asunder,
thousands liiman The duration of mg
•

instrumental
.
* i
means *for its „
*„ detection,
j^t„„t;„„
and destroy of lives. improp. coricicga, earwig (translating L. blatta),
earthquakes is as variable as their iuU'nsity. .Sometimes earthward, earthwarOS (erth ward, -wamz), < cdre, ear, -I- Kicga, a rare word, occumng but
tliere is a single shoclf, lasting only a second or two ; at „,^j, U. cartlt^ + -Karil, -wafds.l Toward the
other times a great numlier of shocks occur in succes- p~-»i, once (Leechdoms, ii. 134, 1. 4, translated ear-
cai u.
aion, si'paratcd by greater or less iutenals of time, the ,. ., , . t 7 » :.« used
.
..„«,i wig'), appar. a general term for an insect, lit.
earth not being reduced to complete quiescence for weeks earth- Wire (erth Wir), n. In elect., a -wire
a moving creature, allied to wicg, a horse, uHht,
or even months. It is not known that any portion of the for joining conductors with the earth especial- :
a creature, a B'ight, < wegan, tr. bear, carry,
earth's surface is entirely exempt frttm earthquakes but
there are large areas where no very destructive ones have
;
ly applied to wires placed upon telegraph-poles
for the purpose of conveying the leakage from
intr. move, > E. weigh: see weigh, icight^. —
ever occurred, either in the memory of man or as re- Many languages give a name
corded in history. The region* most frequently visited the line to the earth, thus preventing interfer-
to this insect indicating a be-
by destmctive shocks are those where active volcanoes ence by ^ "" ^ from one line to another.
leakage lief that it is prone to creep
exist, those near high mountain-ranges, acid those where earthw'olf f^rtll'wulf ), n The aardwolf. See
the rocks are of recent geological age, and are much dis- |>,. "T,)*, , ^ into the human ear D. oor- :

turbed or uplifted. Such regions are the vicinity of the
Mediterranean, the shores of the Pacific and the adjacent
isUmU, the neighlMrhood of the Alpa, and the East India
islands. Regions not liable to seismic disturbances are
the whole of northeastern North America, the east side
of South America, the north of Asia, and a large part
of Africa. An earthquake-shock is a wave-like n>otion of
a part of the earth's crust, and. In the words of Hum-
boldt, is one of the wars in which the reaction of the in-
terior of the earth against ttt exterior makes itself mani-
The most destmctive earthquake of which we have
fest.
any knowledge was that of Lisbon. Itbegan .November 1st,
1756, and was felt over that part of the earth s surface in-
cluded between Iceland on the north, Mogatlor in -Moroc-
co on the south, Tdplitx in hohemia on the east, and the
West India Islands on the west. The destruction of life
and property occasioned by this shock was very great.
The disturbance continued, especially in the vicinity of
the Mediterranean, with short intermissions, for several
months. On November 18th, 1755, the moet violent shock
occurred which has been felt in New England since its
settlement by the whites. (Jne of the moet destructive
earthquakes of recent occurrence was that which took
u ....... v-„,„ ,..,„.^,.. ,.v,
place 00 the island of lachla near Naples, July 28th, ISiCl,
by which over 2,000 persons perished. By the earthquake
at Menilosa, South America, on the 20th of ilarrb, 18<!1,
orer 12,000 persons lost their lives. A violent earthtiuake,
most destmctive in Charleston, South Carolina, and vicin-
ity, occurred on the night of August 3Ut, 1886.
snie, teumomeler, and coieaitistn.
Whan the Jewes liadden made the Temple, com an
Enhe ntiakena, and cast It doun (a* God wolde) and de- ends, segmented into a great numlier of rings, destitute of
}ed alle that the! bad made.
stroje
Mtttuterille, Travels, p. 84. tion.
the yle ys sor trobled with the seyd erth^ qw^ke
.'til
i
^iri'"''' , ..., , .,, worm =
G. ohruurni, ear-
earthWOrK (erth werK), n. [< ME. *er<7i«fcrt, < worm; G. o7ir6o/irer, 'ear-bor-
AS. eorthwcore (= D. aardtcerk = G. erdvoerk = er'; Sw. ormask, ear-worm;
Dan. jordvcerk), < eorthe, earth, -I- xceorc, work
D&n.ormitvist, 'ear-twister';
see cnrt/il and work.'] 1. In engin., any opera-
F. perce-oreille, Pg. fura-
tion in which earth is removetl or thrown up, orcWoa,' pierce-ear'; Sp.j/ii-
as in cuttings, embankments, etc. 2. In fort,, — sano del oitio. It. I'erme auri-
any oflfensive or defensive construction formed eolare, ear-worm, etc.] 1.
chieflyof earth: commonlyintheplural. Hence The popular English name of
— 3. Any
similar construction, as the ancient
all the cursorial orthopterous
of earth found In various parts of the
mounds
insects of the family Forji-
United States, of unknown use and origin. culidtv, representing the sub-
They differ widely in form, but are always well order ii'«;>»exo/jtera, which has
defined in plan, and sometimes inclose largo several genera and numer-
areas. Earwig \,Spcnp>phora
ous species. There is a iwpular brunnnpeHMU). (Lioe
Anyhow, there the mound Is, an earthwork which, if notion that these insects creep into
stiows natural size.)
artiOcial It be, the Lady of the Mercians hetaelt need Dot theearand cause injur>' to it. They
bare been ashamed oL Ji. A. Freeman, Venice, p. SO.
are mostly nocturnal and |>hytophngou8, though some are
earthwomi (ferth'w^rm), «. [= D. aardworm carnlvoi-tms. They have filiform, innuy-joluted antennae,
short, vcinless, leatllery ui»per wings, under wings folded
^(j „.rf„„rm;<ear(/ii icorm.] l.Thecom- + Iwth lengthwise and crosswise, anal forceps, and no ocelli.
mon name of the worms of the family Lutnbri- The common earwig is Forjicuta atn-iculari^ ; the great
cidte (which see), and especially of the genus earwig is LabiUura gigantea; the little earwig is Labia
LumhriCM, of which there are several species, minor. Another species Is Sponpophora brtimieijjenmg.
See teU-
one of the best-known being L. terrestris. They 2. In the United States, the common name of
belong to the order of ollgocha'tous annelids. The earth- any of the small centipeds, such as are found
worm has a cylindric vermiform iHxly, tapering at both
in houses in most of the States. —
3t. One who
gains the ear of another by stealth and whis-
legs, eyea, or any appendages visilile on ordinary inspec-
It mores by the contraction of the successive seg-
pers insinuations; a prying informer ; a whis-
ments of tlie body, aided by rows of bristles which are ca- perer.
retracted. It is hermaphrodite, each indi-

times. TorHiijton, Diarie of Eng. Travell, 18.

pable of being Tliat gaudy earwig, or my lord your patron,
vidual of a pair impregtiating the other in copulation, when
I'> i>.
Whose pensioner you are.
ited . .. by Sir C. Lvell that an rnrtA^uaJ-* the two are jointed In two places by their respective ell- Ford, Broken Heart, II. 1.
in Chili In 1822 added to the Soiith-Anieri- tella. Earthworms are highly useful, giving a kind of un-
1

Ear-wiggt that buzz what they think fit In the retlr'd

-
a mass of rock more than eoual in weight dertlllage to the lanil, hKwenlng the soil, and rendering
Acconllng to Darwin, in closet. Bp. Uacket, Life of Abp. Williams, I. 85.
a huuJicd thousand of the great pyramids of Egypt. It more permealile to the air.
Ilxixley, Physiography, p. 187. his work on " The Formation of Vegetable Mould," etc., earwig (er'wig), v. t. ; pret. and pp. earwigged,
earthworms, from their enormous nuuiljers, exercise a ppr. carwigging. [< earwig, «.] To gain the
Eartbqiiake-tliadow, that put of the earth's surface highly Important agency not only In this respect, but In
which Is in some degree protected from an advancing the creation and aggregation of new soil, the burial and ear of and influence by covert statements or
earthquake-wave by the Interposition of a mountain- preserration(as also the original disintegration) of organic insinuations; whisper insinuations in the ear
range, hill, ravine, or other arrangement of the geological remains of all kinds, etc. They are food for many birds,
fonnatiiMi whicii offers an obstacle to Its passage, of against another fill the mind of with pre-
;

mammals, and other animals, and their value for bait is judice by covert statements.
earth-shine (irth'shin), ». [< earth^ thine. + well known to the angler, whence they are often called
He was so sure to lie eannigged In private that what ho
Cf. moontihine, sunshine, starshine.'] In astron., anfjUworms or JiMhwontu. These worms are mostly a few
inchea long, iMit there are species attaining a length of a heard or said openly went for little.
the faint light visible on the part of the moon yard or more. Marryat, Snarleyj'ow.
not illuminated by the sun. it is due to the light The people who Inhabit the highlands of Southern Bra- l^p early and down late, for he was nothing of a slug-
which the earth reflects on the moon, and Is m«rat con- zil luive a firm Itelief iti the existence of a gigantic earth- gard : daily ear-wigging influential men, for he was a mas-
splcuoiu soon after new mo«m, when the sun-illuminated wrtH fifty yards or more in length, five In breadth, cov- ter of ingratintion.
part of the disk is smallest. This phenomenon is popularly ered with hones as with acoat-of-mail, and of such strength K. L. Steventon, A College Magazine, 11.
descriljed as "the old moon in the new moon's arms." as to be able to uproot great pine-trees as thouuli they
ear-'witness (er'wit'nes), ji. 1. One who is
earth-smoke (irth'smok), n. [A translation were blades of grasa, ana to throw up such quantities of
clay In making its way underground as to dam up streams able to give testimony to a fact from his own
of L. fumus terra: fumus, smoke; terra, gen.
and illvert them into new courses. This redoubtable hearing.
of ferra, earth: see fumitory and terrestrial.'] monster is known as the "Minhocao." An ear-witneee of all the passages Ijetwixt them. Fuller.
The plant fumitory, Fumaria officinalis. Pop. seL Mo., GOe. xm. eye-witness and earwitneti of that which
Dante is tlie
earth-star (<-rth'stSr), n. [A translation of 2. Figuratively, a mean, sordid wretch. he relates. Macanlay, Milton.
deaitcr.] A fungns of the genus (lea^ter; a Thy vnin contempt, dull earthwortti, cease. Sorrie.
2. A mediate w^itness; one who testifies to
kind of puffball having 8 double peridium, the A
niiterlayerof which breaksintosefpientswhich """""'"'•"r-f'v
earthworm-oil (6rth'w6rm-oil),
. " n. . greenish
" what he has received upon the testimony of
obtained from earthworms, used as a rem Hamilton.
ecome reflezed, forming a star-like structure oil edv for earache.
others.
Sams as 6oH-icomi.
ear-worm (er'w6rm), ti. 1.
-ibont the base of 4he fungns.
earthy (^r'thi), n. [< earfAi
earth-stopper (frth'stop'tr), n. In hunting, pertaining to earth; consisting of earth; par-
-yi.] 1. Ofor + — 2t. A secret counselor.
There is nothing In the oath to protect such an ear-
one who stops up the earths of foxes to i)roveut taking of the nature of earth; terrene: as, worm, but he may Ije appeached.
t!ieir escape.
earthy matter. 2. Kesembling earth or some — Bp. Uacket, Life of Abp. Williams, II. 152.
The eartk-ttopper is an important functionary In conn- of the properties of earth : as, an earthy taste earwort (er'w^rt), «. The liachicallis rupestris,
ies where there are many eartlis. F.ncijc. Dril., XII. 385.
; ]
or smell. a low rubiaceous shrub of the West Indies.
earth-table (^^rth'ti'bl), n. In arch., a project- And catch the heavy earthy scents ease (ez), n. [Early mod. E. also eaze, ese; <
That blow from summer shores. AF. me, OF.
ing course or plinth restintr inunediately upon T. B. Atdrich, PIscataqna River.
ME. ese, else, eyse, < aise, ayse,
the foundations. Also called grass-table and
St. Inhabiting the earth ; earthly.
aize, F. aise, f., = Pr. aise, ais (> prob. Basque
ground-table. See ledgment-tabU. Those earthy spirits black and envious are ;
aisia) = OCat. aise, ease, =
Pg. aeo, aid, mo-
earth-tilting (ferth'til'ting), n. slight move- A 1 11 call up other gods of form more fair.
tive, occasion, =OIt. asio, agio, aggio, m., ease,
ment or displacement of the surface of the Drydeti, Indian Emperor, convenience, exchange, premium, now distin-
ad in some fonns of earthquake. 4. Gross ; not refined. guished in spelling: agio, eaae; aggio OF, agio,
 ; ! ;: — ;

ease 1822 easiness

> E. a^io.q. v.), exchange, premium. Hence the nature of the task as, the easiness of the task led him
: A high-bred, courtly, chivalrous song; ... a song for
to despise it. Facility in the objective sense of easiness royal parks and groves, and easeful but impassioned life.
the adj., OF. aise, ayse, aize ==Pt. ais, easy (mod. of performance or accomplishment is nearly ol)solete The Century, XXVII. 783.
F. aise, p. a., easy) the adv. phrase, OF. a ;
properly it is subjective, being sometimes equivalent to
aise, F. d raise Pr. ad ais =It. ad agio, ada- = readiness. Like otlier powers, .facility is partly the result
easefully (ez'ful-i), adv. With ease or quiet.
gio (> E. adagio), at ease, at leisure, > OF. of some special endowment or adaptation, but also is de- easeftllness (ez'fiil-nes), n. The state of being
easeful, or the quality of promoting ease and
aaise, akaisc OPg. aaso= =: It. adagio, ease; veloped by practice.
tranquillity.
and the compound, F. malaise (> E. malaise), Whate'er he did was done with so much ease.
uneasiness. The Rom. forms are somewhat
In him alone 'twas natural to please. easel^ (6'zl), n. [< D. ezel = G. esel, an easel,
irregular, and are certainly of external origin,
Dryden, Abs. and Achit., i. 27. lit. an ass, = AS. esol, an ass: see ass^. For
perhaps Celtic: ef. (1) Bret, eaz, ez, easy; Gael.
Refrain to-night; the particular meaning, a support,' cf clothes-
'
.

And that shall lend a kind of easiness horse, saxo-horse, saio-buck, F. chevalet, Sp. caba-
adhais, leisure, ease. There is nothing to prove To the next abstinence. Shak., Hamlet, iii. 4.
llete, Pe. cavallete de pintor. It. cavalletto, an
a connection with (2) AS. edthe, obs. E. eath He change<l his faitll and his allegiance two or three
(see eath); or with (3) Goth, azets, easy (in times, with a facility tliat evinced the looseness of liis
easel, clothes-horse, etc.] A
frame in the form
of a tripod for supporting a blackboard, paper,
compar. azetizo), azeti, ease, azetaba, easily ; or principles. irein^j, Sketch-Book, p. 362.
or canvas in drawing and painting also, a sim- ;
with (4) L. otiuiit, ease (see otiose) ; or with (5) ease (ez), v. t.; pret. and pp. eased, ppr. easing. [<
ilar frame used as a rest for portfolios, large
OHG. essa, MHG. G. esse (> Dan. esse), a forge, ME. esen, eisen, < OF. *eiser, aiser, aisier=iPT. ai-
furnace, chimney, orig. a fireplace (akin to sar Pg. azar It. agiare, ease from the noun.
] = = j
books, etc —
Easel-picture, easel-piece, (a) a mov-
able picture painted on an easel, as distinguished from a
AS. dd, a funeral pyre, dst, a furnace, kiln, > 1 To relieve or free from pain or bodily dis- . painting on a wall, ceiling, etc. (b) A picture small enough
E. oast, q. v.), whence, as some conjecture, quiet or annoyance; give rest or relief to; make to be placed on an easel for exhibition after completion.
'to be at one's ease' (F. ^tre A son aise), orig. comfortable. easeP (e'sl), adv. [Sc, also written eassel,
'to be at one's hearth, feel at home' or with ; eastle, eastilt, appai-. variations of eastlin, 'east-
Ther thei rested and esed hem Ithemselves] in the town
(6) MLG. esse G. esse = =
ODan. esse, Dan. es as thei that ther-to hadde grete nede. ling, adv., easterly: see eastling. For the form,
= Sw. esse, well-being, comfort, ease (appar. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 172. cf. deasil.'] Eastward.
< L. esse, be, used as a noun) : unless indeed Heaven, I hope, will ease me I am sick. :
Ow, man ! ye should hae hadden eassel to Kippeltringan.
these last Teut. forms are, like the E.word, from Beau, and Fl., Philaster, iv. 3. Scott, Guy Mannering, L

the F. aise.^ 1. An undisturbed state of the The longer they live the worse they are, and death easeless (ez'les), a. [< ease + -less.l Want-
body freedom from labor, pain, or
; physical an- alone must ease them. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 262. ing ease ; lacking in ease. [Eare.]
noyance of any kind; tranquil rest; physical Thou mayest rejoice in the mansion of rest, because, by Send me some tokens, that my hope may live,
comfort: as, he sits at his ease; to taike one's thy means, many living persons are eased or advantaged. Or that my easeless thoughts may sleep and rest.
ease. Jer. Taylor, Holy Dying, iv. 9. Donne, The Token.
Be comfortable to thy friends, and to thyselfe wish ectse. I ceaselesse, easelesse pri'd about
2. To free from anxiety, mental dis- care, or
In every nook, furious to flnde her out.
Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 99.
turbance as, the late news has eased my mind.
:
Vicars, tr. of Virgil (1632).
Soul, . . . talse thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry.
Luke xii. 19, Now first I find easement (ez'ment), «. [< ME. esement, eyse-
Mine eyes true opening, and my heart much eased. ment, < OF. aisement (= Pr. aizimen), < aiser,
How blest is he who crowns, in shades like these,
Milton, P. L., xii. 274.
A youth of labour with an age of ease ! ease see ease and -ment.] 1. That which gives :
Goldsjnith, Des. Vil., 1. 99. 3. To release from pressure or tension; les- ease, relief, or assistance convenience ac- ; ;
Better the toil . . .
sen or moderate the tension, tightness, weight,
Than waking dream and slothful ease. commodation.
Whittier, Seed-time and Harvest. closeness, speed, etc., of, as by slacking, lift- Thei ben fulle grete Schipppes, and faire, and wel or-
ing slightly, shifting a little, etc.: sometimes deyned, and made with Halles and Chambres, and other
2. Aquiet state of the mind; freedom from
with off: as, to ease a ship in a seaway by put- eysementes as thoughe it were on the Lond.
concern, anxiety, solicitude, or anything that Mandeville, Travels, p. 214.
ting down the helm, or by throwing some cargo
frets or rafles the mind ; tranquillity. Here they of force (as fortune now did fall)
overboard; to ease a bar or a nut in machinery.
And Gonnore hym praide soone to come a-gein, "ffor Compelled were themselves awhile to rest.
neuer," quod [she], sliall I be in ese of herte vn-to the
'* O ease your hand
treat not so hard your slave
! Glad of that easement, though it were but small.
tyme chat I yow se a-gein." Merlin (E. E. T. S.), it 360. Sir P. Sidney (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 546). Spenser, F. Q., VI. iv. 15.

Oh, did he light upon you ? what, he would have had you There may be times no doubt when the pressure by He has the advantage of a free lodging, and some other
seek for ea«e at the hands of Mr. Legality ? Russia upon ourselves in India may be eased offhy a dex- easements. Swift
Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, p. 100. terous diplomatic use of European alliances and compli-
cations. Fortnightly liev., N. S., XLIII. 7. 2. In law, a right of accommodation in ano-
Like a coy maiden, Ease, when courted most, ther's land; such a right in respect to lands
Farthest retires —
an idol, at whose shrine 4. To relieve, as by the removal of a burden or as that of passage, or of having free access of
Who oft'nest sacrifice are favor'd least.
Cowper, Task, i. 409. an encumbrance ; remove from, as a burden
with of before the thing removed as, to ease a
light and air —
which does not involve taking
Hence —
3t. Comfort afforded or provided; sat- porter of his load.
:
anything from the land ; more specifically, such
a right when held in respect to one piece of
isfaction; relief; entertainment; accommoda-
The childeren hem vn-armed and wente to theire log- land by the owner of a neighboring piece by
tion. gyngis, and hem esed of all thinge that to mannys body virtue of his ownership of the latter. In refer-
But for the love of God they him bisoght belongeth. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 271.
ence to this latter piece, the right is termed an easement;
Of herberwe [harl)orage] and of ese as for hir peny.
me
Chaucer, Reeve's Tale, 1. 199.
Will no man ease of this fool? in reference to the former it is termed a servitude : but by
Beau, and Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1. some writers these terms are used indiscriminately. Ease-
It is an ease to your friends abroad that you are more and please myself ment, as distinguished from licetise, implies an interest in
now it were an in- I'll ease you o/ that care, in 't.
a man of business than heretofore for ;
Middleton, Chaste Maid, the servient tenement itself.
ii. 2.
jury to trouble you with a busy letter. 3. In carp., same as ea«e-o_^._ Apparent ease-
Doniie, Letters, xxxi. He was not gone far, after his arrival, but the cavaliers
ment, an easement ** of such a nature that it may be seen
A principal fruit of friendship is .the ease and discharge met him and eased him of his money.
or known on a careful inspection by a person ordinarily
Winthrop, Hist. New England, II. 119.
of the fulness of the heart, which passions of all kinds do conversant with the subject" (L. A. Goodeve).
cause and induce. Bacon, Friendship (ed. 1887). Sir Thomas Smythe, having reluctantly professed a wish ease-off (ez'of), n. In carp., etc., a curve or
to be eased of his office, was dismissed. easy transition formed at the junction of two
It is an ease, Malfato, to disburthen
Bancroft, Hist. U. S., I. 118.
Our souls of secret clogs. pieces, moldings, etc., which would otherwise
Ford, Lady's Trial, i. 3. 5. To mitigate; alleviate; assuage; allay; meet at an angle, as at the junction of the wall-
4. Facility; freedom from difficulty or great aljate or remove in part, as any burden, pain, string of a flight of stairs with the base-board
labor: as, it can be done with great ease. grief, anxiety, or disturbance. of the wall, either above or below.
"When you please, 'tis done with ease. Sound advice might ease hir wearie thoughtes. easily (e'zi-li), adv. [< ME. esily, esehj, esiliclie;
Bobin Hood and the Golden .4rrow (Child's Ballads, V. 387). Gascoigne, Steele Glas (ed. Arber), p. 52. < easy -hfi.'] In an easy manner +
with ease ;

Lamenting is altogether contrary to reioysing, euery ^ofle thou somewhat thegrievousservitudeof thy father. without difficulty, pain, labor, anxiety, etc.;
man saith so, and yet is it a peece of ioy to be able to la- 2 Chron. x. 4.
smoothly; quietly; tranquilly: as, a task easily
ment with ease. Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 37. Strong fevers are not eas'd performed ; an event easily foreseen ; to pass
The Mob of Gentlemen who wrote with ease. With counsel,, but with best receipts and means.
Ford, Broken Heart, ii. 2. life easily ; the carriage moves easily.
Pope, Imit. of Horace, II. i. 108.
There may sweet music ease thy pain Than meveth on monday two houres be-fore day, and
6. Freedom from stiffness, constraint, or for- .

Amidst our feast.

. .

goth all esehj oon after a-nother with-oute sore traveile.

mality ; unaffecteduess : as, ease of style ; ease William Morris, Eartlily Paradise, III. 106. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 318.
of manner. It is but a little abuse, say they, and it may be easily
6. To render less difficult; facilitate. amended. Latimer, Sei-mon of the Plough,
True ease in writing comes from art, not chance.
Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. 362. My lords, to ease all this, but hear me speak. Coming to Norwich, he [Prince Lewis] takes that City
Marlowe, Edward II., i. 2. easily, but Dover cost him a longer Siege.
At ease, an undisturl)ed state free from pain or anxi-
in ;
High over seas Baker, Chronicles, p. 72.
ety used also with a qualification of emphasis (well at
:

ease) or of negation (ill at ease, formerly sometimes evil on Flying, and over lands, with mutual wing Not soon provoked, she easily forgives. Prior.
ease, ME. eoele an eyse).
Easing their fliglit. Milton, P. L,, vii. 428.
easiness (e'zi-nes), «. 1. The state of being
His soul shall dwell at ease. Pa. xxv. 13. Ease her the command given to reduce the speed of a
!

steamer's engine, generally preparatory to the command easy ; the act of imparting or the state of en-
Ther I was well at ese, ffor ther was no thyng that
Desyred to have but I had it shortly.
I to "stopher,"or "turn astern." —
To ease away (»«w^), joying ease , restfulness : as, the easiness of a
to slack gi-adually, as the fall of a tackle. — To ease the vehicle ; the easiness of a seat.
Torkington, Diarie of Eng. Travell, p. 7.
helm. See hebn^. = Ssti. 2. To quiet, calm, tranquilize, I think the reason I have assigned hath a great interest
I am very ill at ease. still, pacify. —
4. 'I'o disburden, disencumber.
in that rest and easiness we enjoy when asleep. Bay.
Unfit for mine own purposes. easeful (ez'fiil), a. [< ea,^e -fid.'] Attended +
Shak., Othello, iii. 3.
by or affording ease; promoting rest or com- 2. Freedom from difficulty; ease of perform-
At one's ease, comfortal)le free from stiffness or formal- ; fort; quiet; peaceful; restful.
ance or accomplishment : as, the easiness of an
ity— Cliapel of ease. See chapel. —little ease, a cell undertaking.
much t4M> small for a prisoner, used as a torture in the To himself, he doth your gifts apply
As his main force, choice sport, and easeful stay. Easiness and difflcnlty are relative terms. Tillotson.
reign of Elizabeth. = Syn. 1- Qaiet, Tranquillity, etc. See
rest. —
i, Kase.Katdness, Facility. (Seerrarfi'ne««.) In con-
Sir P. Sidney (Arber's Eng. Garner, 1. 524),
3. Flexibility; readiness to comply; prompt
nection with tasks of any sort, ease is subjective, and de- I spy a black, suspicious, threat'ning cloud. compliance ; a yielding or disposition to yield
notes freedom from labor, or the power of doing things That will encounter with our glorious sun.
^vithout seeming effort as, he reatis with ease. Easiness
: Ere he attain ilia eas^xU western bed. without opposition or reluctance: as, easiness
U ia this connection generally objective, characterizing Shak., 3 Heu. Yl., v. 3. of temper.
 ; : : ;

easiness 1823 Easter-flower

Olve to him, and he shull but laugh at yonr eatinesg. using the terms in this way even with respect to churches (only in comp. and in ONorth. gen. edstres),
South. not so built Easter, =
OHG. ostard, pi. ostarun, MHO. oster,
Thia eannets and credulity destroy all the other merit In comynge doun fro the Mount of Olyvete, toward the generally pi. astern, O. astern (in comp. oster-),
he has and he has all his life been a sacrifice to others, Egt, is a Castelle, that is cleped Bethanye.
;

MandeviUe, Travels, p. 97.

Easter orig. a festival in honor of the goddess
;
without ever receiving thanks, or doing one good action.
Steele, Spectator, >'o. 82. Here lies the eatt : Doth not the day break here?
of Spring, =
AS. * Edstra, whose name as such is
Shak., J. C, ii. 1. given by Beda in the dial, form Eostra OHG. =
4. Freedom from stiffness, constraint, effort, *Ostard, etc.: see east, ».] festival A
or formality: applied to manners or style. 2. The quarter or direction toward the mean I. ji.
observed in the Christian church, from early
point of sunrise an eastward situation or trend;
;
Abstruse and mystic thoughts you must express times, in commemoration of the resurrection
With painful care, but seeming eaidnfsg. the eastern part or side as, a town or country
:
of Jesus Christ, it corresponds with the Passover of
Rogcomnwn, On Translated Verse. in the east of Europe, or on the east of a range
the Jews, which in the King James version of the Bible
That which cannot without injury l>e denied to yon, is of mountains; to travel to the east (that is, in is called once l)y the name of Easter (Acts xii. 4). The
the eagine«s of your conversation, far from affectation or
pride ; not denying even to enemies their just praises.
an eastern direction). 3. — A
territory or region name appears several times in earlier versions. Easter is
observed by the Greek, Roman Catholic, Episcopal, and
situated eastward of the person speaking, or of
Dryden, Ded. of Third Misc. — Lutheran churches, and by many among the nonliturgi-
the people using the term. Specifically (a) [cap.] cal churches who do not generally regard the church
She had not much company of her own sex, except those The parts of Asia collectively (as lying east of Europe) year. The esteem in which it is held is indicated by its
whom she most loved for their eoniioM, or esteemed for where civilization has existed from early times, including ancient title, "the great day." Easter is the Sunday
their good sense. Smft, Death of Stella. Asia Minor, Syria, Arabia, India, China, etc. : as, the riches which follows that 14th day of the calendar moon which
of the Eaut; the spices and perfumes of the East; the falls upon or next after the 21st day of March.
= Syn. 2. Facility, etc. See ease. kings of the East. Also called the Orient.
This ia
easing^t (e'zing), H. [< ease + -iiig'>^.'\ An ease- true Iwth of old style and new, and the rule has been
used, though not universally, from a very early day.
The gorgeous east, with richest hand.
ment an allowance ; a special privilege.
;
Showers on her kings Barbaric pearl and gold. The northern Irish and Scottish, together with the
This led unfortunately in later times to many easinga to Miltmi, P. L., ii. 3.
Picts, observed the custom of the Britons, keeping their
the sons of Gild-brothers in learning the trade and acquir- (b)In the Bible, the countries southeast, east, and north- Easter upon the Sunday that fell between the xiv. and the
ing tlie freedom of the Gild. east of Palestine, as Moab, Ammon, Arabia Deserta, Ar- XX. day of the Moon.
Engtith Gildt (E. E. T. S.X Iiit., p. cxxxii. menia, Assyria, Babylon, Parthia. The countries desig- Alip. Ussher, Religion of the Anc. Irish, ix., in Words-
nated by the term in particular passages must be discov- (worth's Church of Ireland, p. 64.
easing^ (e'zing), n. [A dialectal contr. of eaves-
ered from the context. Gauss's Rule for finding the date of Easter. First,.
ing, q. v.] The eaves of a house, collectively. Then Jacob went on his journey, and came into the land take X and y out of the following table
Brocket!. [North. Eng. and Scotch.] of the people of the east. Gen. xxix. 1. X y
easing-sparrow (e'zing-spar'6), n. The house- The Midianite* came ap, and the Amalekites and the Old style 15 6
sparrow, Fasfer dome.iticits, which nests under children of the eatt. Juoges vi. 3. New style, A. D. 1583-1699 22 2
the easing or eaves of houses. [Prov. Eng.] 1700-1799 23 3
(c) leap.] In the United States, in a restricted sense, New 1800-1899 23 i
easing-swallow (e'zing-swol'o), n. Same as England ; in a more general sense, the whole eastern or " " 1900-2099 24 5.
eates-stcallutc, 2. Atlantic portion of the country, as distinguished from the
and ME. West. Second, calculate the five numbers a, b, c, d, e, by the fol-
east (est), n. a. [< est, test, test, east,
lowing rules, where N is the number of the year
n., east (ace. est, etc., as adv.), < AS. east, adv., 4. leap.'] the church in the
In church hist.,
orig. the ace. or dat. (locative) of the noun, Eastern Empire and countries adjacent, espe- o is the remainder after the division of N
by 19.
b is the remainder after the division of N by 4.
cially those on the east, as "the West" is the
,

used adverbially (never otherwise as a noun, c is the remainder after the division of N
by 7,
and never as an adj., the forms so given in the church in the Western Empire: as, the great d is the remainder after the division of 19a -f a; by 30.
dictionaries being simply the adv. (east or east- schism between East and W est. e is the remainder after the
by 7.
division of 26 -H 4c -I- 6d -(- y
«H), alone or in comp.), to the east, in the east, It is idle to keep (as controversialists, and especially
east; in comp. edst- (est-, eest-, etc.), a quasi- Anglo-Roman controversialiata, love to keep) the East in Tliird, then d
-I-
« -1- 22
the day of JIarch, or d + «
is 9 ia —
the background. J. M. HetUe, Eastern Church, i. 16. the day of April on whicli Easter falls, except that when
adj., as in edst-dal, the eastern region, the east, this rule gives April 26th the true day is April 19th, and
ete. (> E. east, a.) O. cost
; = IMes. east, = 6. The east wind. when the rule gives April 25th, if d = 28 and a > 10, then
aest =
LG. oosi, G. ost Sw. ost =
Dan. ost, = The dreaded Eat la all the wind that blows. the true date is .-Vpril 18th.
ost, east (as a noun, in other than adverbial use Pope, K. of the L., iv. Sa H. a. Of or pertaining to Easter.
all modem, and developed from the older ad- -
As when a field of com It were much to be wished that their easter devo- . . .

verbial uses) (cf. OF. est, hest, F. est 8p. Pg. = Bows ears before the roaring East.
all its
Tennyson, Princess, 1.
tions would, in some measure, come up to their easter
South, Works, II. viii.
este, Sp. Pg. also with the def. art., teste It. = Empire of the East. See emfire.
dress.

est, from the E.): (1) AS. edst D. oost = = n. a. [< ME. est-, eest-, eest-, east-, < AS. east-,
At Easter pricei, at a cheap rate, flesh being formerly
then at a discount^ Wright. Easter d&y, the day on —
Dan. ost, adv., to the east, in the east, east ; (2) only in comp., being the adv. (orig. noim) so which the festival of Easter is celebrated.
AS. edstan, edsten, esten =
OS. ostan, ostana = used: seeetuf, n.] 1. Situated in the direction But O, she dances such a way
OFries. aesta, dsta, Fries, asta I£LO. ostene, = of the rising sun, or toward the point where the No sun upon an Easter.day
t

osten =
OHO. ostana, MHO. ostene, osten, G. sun rises when in the equinoctial : as, the east Is half s<» a sight.
fine
osten =
Icel. austan, adv., prop, 'from the east side; an east window.
Suckling, Ballad upon a Wedding.
(hither),' but in MHG. and G. also 'in the Easter dues or olferlnSS, in the Ch. of Eng., certain
Tills evening, on the east side of the grove.
east, east'; hence the noon, D. oosten MLG. = Shak., 2 Hen. VI., ii 1.
dues paid to the paKH'hial clergy by the parishioners at
Easter as a compensation for personal tithes, or as the
osten =
OHG. ostan, MHO. osten, 0. osten Sw. = tithe for personal lalior.— Easter eggs, eggs, real or ar-
ostan =
Dan. iisten, the oast ; (3) AS. 'edstor (not 2. Coming from the direction of the east : only tificial, ornamented by dyeing, piiititiiig, or otherwise, and

found, but perhaps the orig. form of edst), ilE. in the phrase the or an east wind. usetl at Easter as decorations or gifts.

ester-, E. easter- ( in comp. ) =

OS. ostar=: OFries. Thou breakett the ships of Tarshlsh with an eatt wind. Easter eggs, or Paach eggs, are synilmllcal of creation,
aster =
D. ooster =z OHG. ostar, MHG. oster, G. Pa. xlvilL 7. or the re-creation of spring. The practice of presenting
eggs to our friends at Easter is Magian or Persian.
oster (in comp. ) = Sw. iister = Dan. oster = Icel. 3. Eccles., situated beyond or in the direction Christians adopted the custom to syndwlize the resurrec-
. . .

austr, adv., to the east, east, Sw. Dan. Icel. also of the altar or high altar of a church as seen tion. an<l they color the eggs red in allusion to the blood
as noun, the east; (4) AS. edateme, adj., E. east- from the nave : as, the east end of the choir- of their redemption. Brewer.
ern, q. v. ; (5) AS. edstweard, edsteweard, £. east- stalls. Easter eve (sometimes Easter axn), the day before Easter
ward, q. V. These are all formed from an orig. Abbreviated E. Sunday Holy Saturday the end of Lent and the prelude ; ;

Tent. 'au»-t-a- or 'au»-t-o»-, the dawn, L. au- =

East dial. See diof. — East Indies, a name given to
Included in the two great jteninsulas of southern
the to the festival of Easter.
and
In the early church GoodFriday
Easter eve were <*b8erved as a strict and continuous
rora for 'ausosa, the dawn (see aurora), =
Or. countries
Asia and Uie adjacent islands, from the delta of the Indus fast till after midnight of the latter, the whole night l>e-
^, Attic rue, Doric a^, Laconian ajiup, .£olic to the northern extremity of the Philippine islands, com- fore Easter day Ix-ing passed in continual worship and In
oiiur for 'aiiaut (see Eos, Eocene), =
Skt. ushas, prising India. Burma, Siam, etc. listening to lections and sennons. During this vigil the
churches, and fretiuently the streets, were brilliantly light-
the dawn, the personified Dawn, Aurora, Lith. =
Tliey shall be my East and West Indies, and I will trade ed, the worshipers also bringing lamps and tapers with
auszra, dawn (cf. anszta, the morning star, to them both. Shak., M. W. of W., i. 3. them. Two ancient ceremonies of Easter eve, still re-
auszti, v., dawn, =
Lett, oust, dawn); cf. Skt. east (est), ade. [< ME. est, eest, <est, east, < tallied in the Roman Catholic Church, are the benediction
of tlie pasi'hal taper (see paschal and extiltet), a custom
usra, bright, pertaining to the dawn, as noun AS. edst, adv.: see east, n. and a.] 1. In an whicli IS said to have originated in the fifth century, and
the dawn, =
AS. 'Edstra, dial. Edstra, the god- easterly direction ; eastward: as, he went east. the benediction of the font. Easter eve was the chief
dess of dawn or rather of spring (the dawn Like youthful steers unyok'd, they took their course time for baptism In the early church.
of the year), > E. Easter'^, q. v.; < /
'us, Skt. East, west, north, south. Shak., i Hen. IV., iv. 3. And ioo to Roane the same nyght, where we abode
V •"*, bum, =
L. urere, orig. 'usere (perf. ussi, One gate there only was, and that look'd east. Ester euyn and Ester daye all daye, and on Ester Monday
pp. ustus), born (see adust^, eombusi, etc.), Or. = Milton, P. L., Iv. 178. that was the .xij. daye of Apryll we departed from Roane
to Cuys to dyner, and to Myny ye same nyght.
avetv, kindle, tietv, singe, etc., a reduced form
2. Eccles., toward the point conventionally re- Sir R. Guytforde, Pylgryniage, p. 3.
of V cos, grow bright, light up, dawn, whence garded as the east ; in the direction
of or be- It Is not Easter yet but it is Easter eve; all Lent Is but ;

also nit. Or. ^/mp, orig. 'Fta/tap, day, lap, orig. yond the altar as seen from the nave as, the the vigil, the eve of Easter. Donne, Sermons, xii.
'Ftaap, =
L. ver, orig. 'veser, spring (> ult. E. chapel e4ist of the choir is commonly called the
:

Easter gift, a gift presented at Easter.— Easter term.

rernal, etc.), L. aurum, gold (> ult. E. auric'^,
—
Lady Chapel About east, alwut right in a proper («) In A'n,'/. late, a term of court beginning on the 15th
;

aureus, or*, etc.). Cf. vest, north, south, and manner. BartUtt. (Slang, New Eng. — Down east. See of April and continuing till about the 8th of May. (&) In
)

northeast, southeast.'] I. n. 1. One of the four (fownS, ade. the English universities, a term held in the spring and
cardinal points of the compass, opposite to the east (est), v. i. [< east, n. and adv.'] To move lasting for alxiut six weeks after Easter.— Easter weelL
the week following Easter, the days of which are callea
west, and lying on the right band when one toward the east turn or veer toward the east. ;
Easter Monday, Easter Tuesday, etc.
faces the north ; the point in the heavens where [Scarcely used except in the verbal noun east- easter^t (es'tfer), a. [< ME. ester- (in comp.), <
the sun is seen to rise at the equinox, or the cor- ing.] AS. 'eastor OS. ostar, etc., adv., east: see =
responding point on the earth, strictly, the term east-abont (est'a-bouf), adv. Around toward ea.H, n., and cf. eastern, easterly, easterling, from
appliflt to the one point where the sun rises at the equi- the east; in an easterly direction. which easter, a., is in part developed.] Eastern
nox but originally and in general use It refcn to the gcn-
;

erml direction. .Specitlcally (ecetes.), the point of the com-

The cause, whatever it was, gradually spread, moving easterly.
paM toward which one is turned when facing the altar or tast-about.
high altar from the direction of the nave. As early as the
second century it was the established custom for Chris-
tians to pray facing the east. From this resulted the cus-
Urm of building rburchea with the altar and sanctuary at
the east end and the main entrance at the west end, and of
Set. Amrr., N. S., LIV. 7.
Till starrea gan vanish, and the dawning brake.
Easter^ and a. [< ME. ester, earlier
(es't^r), n. And all the Easier XMTtx were full of light.
Sir J. tlarington, tr. of Arlosto, xxlil. 8.
also esterne, eesterne (orig. pi. ), <
tester, cestere,
AS. edsire, generally pi,, norn. edstro, gen. eds- Easter-flower (es'tir-flou'^r), n. The flor de
trena, dat. edatron, edatran, also editor-, edster- pascua of Brazil, a euphorbiaceous shrub, Eu-
 — ; : ; ;:

Easter-flower 1824 easy-chair

pMorbia (or Poinsettia) pulcherrima, frequently The instinct of Easterns is to estimate the importance of (c) Free from want or from solicitude as to the means c?
cultiTated for ornament, its flowers being s)ir- a prince very much in a direct ratio to the numl)er of armed living; alfording a competence without toil; comfortable:
retainers he has about him. A'. A. Rev,, CXXVII. 154. as, easy circumstances an easy fortune.
;

rounded by large, bright-colored bracts.

easterling (es'ter-ling), «. and o. [< ME. ester- 2. fed/).] A
member of the orthodox Oriental
ling (first found in the Latinized form Kster- or Greek Church: in contradistinction from a
lingi, pi., a name applied to the Hanse mer-
Latin or Western.
chants from the East, i.e., from North Germany, The Easterns contend that the Consecration is not com-
plete without it [the Invocationl.
who had special trading and banking privi- C. E. Hammond, Liturgies Eastern and Western, Int.,
leges, and who appear to have coined money [p.
known by their name : see sterling) (after MLG. A large number of Christians, Protestants and Easter lu^
A marriage of love is pleasant, a niarriage of interest
easy, and a marriage where both meet, happy.
Addison, Spectator, No. 2G1.
The members of an Egyptian family in easy circum-
stances may pass their time very pleasantly.
FJ. W. Lane, Modern Egyptians, I. 187.
XXXV. 2. Not difficult; not wearisome; giving or re-
quiring no great labor or effort presenting no ;

osterlink =
G. osterling) ; < caster- (see east, n. as well as Catholics, profess to receive them [Cln-istian great obstacles; not burdensome: as, an easy
and a., easier^) +
-Ung^.l I. n. 1. native A dogmas] on ecclesiastical authority.
H. y. Oxenham, Short Studies, p. 325.
task; an easy question; an easy road.
of some country lying eastward of another; an This sikcues is righte easy to endure;
Oriental: formerly applied in England to the easterner (es'ter-nSr), n. [< eastern -erl.] + But fewe puple it causith for to dye.
Hanse merchants and to traders in general from A person from the eastern United States. Political Poetns, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 61.

parts of Germany and from the shores of the [Colloq.,U. S.] My yoke is easy, and my burden is light. Mat. xi. 30,

Baltic. The bulk of the cowboys themselves are South-western- 'Tis as easy as lying. Shak,, Hamlet, iii. 2.

Having oft in l)atteill vanquished ers. . The best hands are fairly bred to the work and
. . At with easy roads, he came to Leicester.
last,
Those spoylefull Picts, and swarming Easterlings. followit from their youth up. Nothing can be more fool- Shak., Hen. VIII., iv. 2.
Spenser, F. Q., H. x. 63. ish than for an Easterner to think he can become a cow-
It is much easier to govern great masses of men through
Merchants of Norway, Denmarlt, called Easier- boy in a few months' time. their imagination than througli their reason.
T. Roosevelt, The Century, XXXV. Kii.
. . .

lings. Hotinnhed, Ireland, an. 430. Lecky, Enrop. Morals, II. 287.
The merchants of the East-Land parts of Alniain or easternmost (es'tfem-most), a. superl. [< east- 3. Giving no pain, shock, or discomfort: as, aa
High Germany well known in former times by the name ern + -most.'] Most eastern; situated in the easy posture an easy carriage an easy trot.
; ;
of Easterlings, Fuller, Worthies, xxiv. point furthest east.
wiping his face on the jack-towel, remarked,
!Mr. Bailey,
most likely the Easterliiigs did preserve a record
It is Eastertide (es'ter-tid), m. Eastertime; either
of many words and actions of the holy Jesus, which are
"that arter late hours nothing freshened up a man so
the week ushered in by and following Easter, much as an easy shave."
not transmitted to us.
formerly observed throughout the Christian Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, xxix.
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. IS.^), I. 138.
.

world as a holiday and with religious services, 4. Moderate; not pressing or straining; not ex-
2. The name given to the English silver i)en-
or the fifty days between Easter and Whitsun- acting; indulgent: as, a ship imder easy sail;
nies (also called sterlings) of the twelfth, thir- tide, which were observed as a festival and with
teenth, and fourteenth centuries also to Euro-
an easy master.
pean imitations of the same. See sterling.
;

— religious solemnities. This period is still re-

garded by the church as a special festival sea-
He was an easy man to yeve penance.
Chaucer, Gen. Piol. to C. T., 1. 223.
3t. The common widgeon, Mareca penelope.
—
Latham. 4. The smew or white nun, Mergel- (est-in'diji-man), «.
son.
East-Indiaman
ves.sel A
Stert nat rudely konime inne an esy pace.
;

Bailees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. S.

lus albellits. Montagu. [Local, British.] employed in the East India trade. I have several small wares that I would part with at
II. a. Belonging to the money of the Easter- East-Indian (est-in'di-an), a. and n. I. a. Of easy rates. Steele, Tatler, No. 106.
Bngs or Baltic traders. See sterling. or pertaining to the East Indies. We made easy Journeys, of not above seven or eight score
easterly (es't6r-li), a, [= OHG. ostarlilt, MHG. II. H. native or resident of the East In- A miles a day. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, ii. 2.
osterlich, G. osterlich =
Icel. austarligr, adj., dies. 5. Readily yielding; not difficult of persua-
easterly} < easier- (see east, n. and a., easier"^, easting (es'ting), n. [Verbal n. of east, v.] sion ; compliant not strict as, a woman of
eastern) +
-ly^.'i 1. Moving or directed east- Naut. and surv., the distance eastward from a
easy virtue.
; : •

ward: an costeW^ current; an

as,
— 2. Situated toward the east:
side of a lake.
In whiche Lapland he [Arthur] placed the easterly
bounds of his Br'ttish empire. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 2.
3. Looking toward the east : as, an easterly ex-
posure. —
4. Coming from the east: as, an east-
easier/;/ course. given meridian; the distance made by a ship on
as, the easterly an eastern course, expressed in nautical miles.
With such deceits he gained their easy hearts.
Dryden.
We had run down our easting and were well up for the So merciful a king did never live.
Strait. Macmillan's Mag. Loth to revenge, and easy to forgive.
Dryden, Spanish Friar, v. 2.
At noon we were in lat. 54° 27' S., and long. 85° 5' W.,
having made a good deal of easting. I am a Fellow of the most cas7f indolent Disposition in
Steele, Tender Husband, i. 1.
R. H. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 358. the World.

erly wind; an easterly rain. eas'tland (est'land), n. and a. [< ME. eestlond, 6. Not constrained ; not stiff, formal, or harsh
estlond, eastlond, < AS. edstland, < edst, adv., facile ; natural : as, easy manners ; an easy ad-
The winter winds still easterly do keep.
And with keen frosts have chained up the deep. east, +
land, land.] I. n. The land in the dress ; an easy style of writing.
Drayton, On his Lady not coming to London. east; eastern countries ; the Orient. [Rare.] There is no man more hospitably easy to be withall
On II.+ a. Eastward-bound; being engaged in than my Lord Arlington. Evelyn, Diary, Oct. 16, 1671.
easterly (es't6r-li), adv. [< easterly, a.]
the east ; in the direction of east. the eastern trade. Good manners is the art of making those people easy
Our own eight East India ships . . . and our eastland with whom we converse. Sicift, Good Planners.
There seem to have been two adjacent but separate tor-
fleet, to tlie number of twenty. Boyle, Works, VI. 192. His version is not indeed very east/ or elegant; but it is
nadoes, moving easterly about sixty miles an hour.
entitled to the praise of clearness and fidelity.
Science, III. 801. eastling (est'ling), a. [Se. eastlin; < east + Macaulay, Milton.
easter-mackerel (es'tfer-mak'e-rel), n. Same -Ung^. Cf. hackling, headling, etc. See easel^.]
Dryden was the first Englishman who wrote perfectly
as chub-mackerel. Easterly. easy prose, and he owed his style and turn of thought to
eastern (es'tfem), a. and n. [< ME. esterne, How do you, this blae eastlin wind, his French reading.
OHG. = That's like to blaw a body blind ? Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 340.
CBsterne, < AS. edsterne (= OS. ostroni Burns, To James Tennant.
ostroni =
Icel. austrann, eastern), < "edstor, 7. Easeful; self-indulgent.
edst = OS. ostar, etc., east: see east,n. and a. east'Ward (est'ward), adv. [< ME. estward, <
Our Blessed Saviour represents in the Paraoie vhls young
Cf. western, northern, southern.'] I, a. 1. Situ-
AS. edstweard, edsteweard, adv., < edst, adv., Prodigal as weary of being rich and easie at Home and
ated toward the east or on the part toward the east, +
-weard, -ward.] Toward the east; in fond of seeing the Pleasures of the World.
«ast: as, the eastern side of a town or church;
the direction of east: as, to travel eastward; Stillinyjieet, Sermons, III. L

the eastern shore of a bay. the Dead Sea lies eastward of Jerusalem. The easy. Epicurean life which he [Frederic] had led,
Haste hither. Eve, and with thy sight behold, his love of good cookery and good wine, of music, of con-
Kight against the eastern gate, Eastward among those trees, what glorious shape versation, of light literature, led many to regard him as a
"Where the great sun begins his state. sensual and Intellectual voluptuary.
Milton, L' Allegro,
Comes this way moving. Milton, P. L., v. 309.
1. 59. Macaulay, Frederic the Great.
While more eastward they direct the prow,
2. Going toward the east, or in the direction Enormous waves the quivering deck o'erflow. 8t. Light; sparing; frugal.
of east as, an eastern route.
: 3. Coming from — Falconer, Shipwreck, iii.
And 3it he was but esy of dispence
the east easterly. [Rare.]
;
east'Ward (est'ward), a. [(.eastward, adv.'] 1. He kepte that he wan in pestilence.
Having a direction toward the east. Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 441.
I woo'd a woman once.
1.

But she was sharper than an eastern wind. The eastward extension of this vast tract was unknown. 9t. Indifferent; of rather poor quality.
Tennyson, Audley Court. Marsden, tr. of Marco Polo.
The maister of the feast had set vpon the table wine
4. Of or pertaining to the east Oriental being ; ;
2. Bearing toward the east ; deviating or tend- that was but eoi^ie and so-so.
or occurring in the east as, eastern countries
:
ing in the direction of the east : as, the eastward J. Udall, tr. of Apophthegms of Erasmus, p. .^48.
eastern manners ; an eastern tour. trend of the mountains Eastward position (cc- 10. In com., not straitened or restricted, or dif-
The easteme churches first did Christ embrace. cles.), the position of the celebrant at tlie eucharist, when ficult to obtain or manage : opposed to tigh t
Stirling, Doomesday, The Ninth Houre. he stands in front of tlie altar and facing it used with
as, the money-market is easy (that is, loans
:

especial reference to sucli Anglican priests as face tlie

BoMiem Kings, who to secure their reign altar throughout most of the communion office, in con- may be easily procured) Easy circumstances.
Must have their brothers, sons, and kindred slain. tradistinction from others who place themselves at the —
See circuvislance. Free and easy. See /rec— Honors
Sir J. Denhain, On Mr. Jolm Fletcher's Works.
north end of the altar, facing southward. are easy, in whist-playinrt, honors are equally divided
£astem Church. Same as Greek Church (which see, iin- eastwards (est'wardz), adv. [< eastward + between the sides hence, figuratively, of any dispute or
;

<ier Greek). — Eastern crown, in her., same as antifiue contention between two parties, there seems to be no
adv. gen. -s.] Eastward. advantage on either side. [U. S.] = Syn. 1. Untroubled,
crown (which see, under antique). — Eastern Empire.
See em/nre. Eastern hemigpherc. See hemisphere.— .Such were the accounts from the remotest parts east, contented, satisfied.— 5. Pliant, complaisant, accommo-
Eastern question, the collective name given to the sev- wards. Marsden, tr. of Marco Polo. dating.— 6. Unconstrained, graceful,
eral prolilems or complications in the international poli-
easy (e'zi), a.; compar. easier, superl. easiest. easy (e'zi), adv.; compar. easier, superl. easiest,
tics of Europe growing out of the presence of the Turkish Easily.
[Early mod. E. also easie ; < ME. esy, eesy, < ese, [< easy, a.]
power in the southeast.
A person living in or belonging to the ease: see ease, n.] 1. Having ease, (o) Free True ease in writing comes from art, not chance.
H. n. 1.
comfortable as, As those move easiest that have learned to dance.
eastern part of a country or region specifically, from bodily pain or discomfort ; (juiet ; :
;
the patient has slept well and is easy, (b) Fret from Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. 363.
one belonging to one of the countries lying east
of Europe an Oriental. [Bare.]
anxiety, care, or f retfulness ; quiet ; tranquil , satisfied
easy-chair (e'zi-chSr), «. A chair 80 shaped
; as,an easy mind.
and of such material as to afford a comfortable
The easterns themselves complained of the excessive Keep their thoughts easy and free, the only temper
lieat of the sun. wherein the mind is capable of receiving new informations.
seat especially, an arm-chair upholstered and
;

Pocockt, Description of the East, II. i. 129. Locke, stuffed.

 ! ;;; —:.

easy-chair 1825 eaves-drip

1 set the Child an easy Chair Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, Wat turneth a man to beestis kinde
Against the lire, and dry'd his Hair. and some few to be chewed and digested. lint etynge & drynking out of sesoun?
Prior, Cupid Tum'd Stroller. Bacan, Studies (ed. 1887). IJymns to Virgin, etc. <E. E. T. S.), p. 64.

Whether thou clioose Cenantes' serious air, Gnawing with ray teeth my bonds in sunder, 2. That which may be eaten; food: as, the
Or laugh and shake in Kabelais' eajty-chair. I gain'd my "freedom. Shak., C. of E., v. 1.
birds were delicious eating.
Pope, Dunciad, i. 19. The
the
miserable soldiers, after devonriiig all the horses in
are reduced to the degradation of feeding on dogs,
The French love good eating — they are all gourmands.
easy-going (e'zi-go'ing), a. Inelmed to take city,
cats, rats, etc. Sumner, Orations, I. 28.
Sterne, Tristram Shandy, vii. 17.

matters in an easy way, without jar or friction And she and I the banquet-scene completing
good-natured.
And supper gobbled up in haste. SwI/t, Ladies' Journal.
With dreamy words — and very pleasant eatinq.
Tliose few escaped T. B. Aldrich, The Lunch,
After the easygoing fashion of his day, he [Gray] was Famine and anguish will at last coninivie,
more likely to consider liis salary as another form of pen- Milton, P. L., xi. 778. eating (e'ting), p. a. [Ppr. of eat, v.] Corrod-
sion. Lowell, New Princeton Rev., L 1&4. ing; caustic.
The flavor of Old Virginia is unmistakable, and life II. intrans. 1. To take food; feed.
The eating force of flames, and wings of winds.
drops into an easy-going pace under this influence. He did eo( continually at the king's table. 2 Sam. ix. 13. B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 3.
C. D. Warner, Their Pilgrimage, p. 205. Why eateth your master with publicans and sinners? Ever, against eating cares.
eat (et), r.pret. ate (at) or eat (et), pp. eaten
;
Mat ix. 11. Lap me in soft Lydian airs.
(sometimes eat), ppr. eating. [Early mod. E. Their daunces ended, they deuoure the meate, for they Milton, L' Allegro, 1. 135.

eating-house (e'ting-hous), n. A house where

also eate, ete; < ME. eten (pret. et, eet, (ct, pi. ete, had not eatein three dayes before.
Purchae, Pilgrimage, p. 773.
eten, pp. eten), < AS. ctan (pret. a:t, pi. a:ton, pp. food IS served to customers a place of resort ;

eten) =
OS. etan =
OFries. ita, eta, NFries. ytten 2. To make way by corrosion; gnaw; pene- for meals a restaurant. ;

= =
MLG. LG. eten D. eten OHG. ezan, ezzan, = trate or excavate by disorganization or destruc-
Ea'ton code. See code.
MHG. ezzen, G. essen Icel. eta =
Sw. ata = = tion of substance: as, a cancer eats into the n. pi. eaux (6z). [F., < L. a(^ua, water:
eau (6),
Dan. wde =
Goth, itan L. edere =
Gr. iiuv = = flesh.
;

see agua.] Water: a word designating various

Gael, and Ir. ith =
Slav. •/ 'jad, *ed Skt. y/ ad, = Their word will eat as doth a canker. 2 Tim. IL 17.
spirituous waters, particularly perfumes and
eat. Cf. efc/fi, fref^, edible, etc. ; all from the The ulcer, eating thro' my skin, cordials ; it also enters into several French he-
same ult. root.] I. trans. 1. To masticate and
Betray'd my secret penance.
raldic phrases
T'ennyKon, St. Simeon Stylites. Eau Creole, a highly esteemed cordial
swallow as nourishment ; partake of or devour as made in Martinique, We.st Indies, by distilling the flowers
food: said especially of solids: as, to cat bread. 3. To taste; relish: as, it eats like the finest of the manimee-ai)plc(.l/a»i»(fail«tcrtc'a)i«) witli spiritof

But he toke hini three Creynes of the same Tree that

peach. [Colloq.] wine. — Eau de Cologne, Colognewater. See co/of/n*.^

The Chub, though he eat well thus dressed, yet as he is Eau de Javelle, a solution prepared l)y mixing,
in jtliar.,
his B'adre eet the AppcUe olle. MandeiriUe, Travels, p. 11. in suitable proportions, potassium carbonate, bleaching-
make thee to eat grass as oxen. Dan. iv. 25. usually dressed, he does not. powder, and water. The solution after filtration contains
They shall
I. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 66.
salt, potassium carbonate, and potassium hypochlorite.
Venator.On my word, master, this Is a gallant Trout
what shall we do with him? While the tender Wood-pigeon's cooing cry It is used chiefly as an antiseptic and a bleacliing agent.
Piaeator. Marry, e'en eat him to supper.
Has made me say to myself, with a sign, Alio Jaoelte's water.— Ea,vi de Luce [from Luce, the name
/. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 77.
"How nice you would eat with a steak in a pie I" of the inventor], a compound of niastii.-, alcohol, oil of lav-
Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 114, ender, oil of aniljer, and atjua anunonite. It is stimulant
2. To corrode; wear awajr: gnaw into; con- Soup and potatoes eat better hot than cold. Russell. and antispasmodic. Also called spiritus ammonia' sued-
sume; waste: generally with aicay, out, up, or natus and O'jua Z.uci'(F.— Eau de Paris, a substitute for
Eating days. See dai/i.— To eat up into the wind eau de Cologne and similar cosmetics. It is sometimea
into: as, rust has eaten away the surface; lines {naut.), to gain to windward to an unusual degree.
taiien in sweetened water as a cordial and stimulant.
eaten out by aqua fortis; these cares cat up all There are craft that from their model and balance of eau-de-'Vie (6'd6-ve'), n. [F., lit. water of life
my time. sail . seem to eat up into the wind.
. .
eau, water (see can); de, of; fie, < L, vita, life.]
A great admirer he Is of the rust of old Monuments, and Quallrough, Boat-Sailer's Manual, p. 9.
The French name
for brandy: specifically ap-
Teades onely those Characters where time hath eaten otU eatable (e't»-bl), a. and n. [< eat + -able.']
plied to the coarser and less purified varieties
the letters.
1. a. Fit to f>e eaten; edible; proper for food; of brandy, the term cognac being generally ap-
Bp. Earle, Micro-coamographle, An Antiquary.
esculent. plied to fine grades Eau-de-vie de Dantzlg, a
Who eat up my people as they eat bread. Ps. xiv. t.
Which I, in capiUl letters. What flsh can any shore, or British sea-town show. wliite liqueur or cordial, sweet and strong, in which are
That's eatable to us, that it doth not bestow intniduct-d for ornament small particles of gold-leaf,
Will eat into thy flesh with aquafortis.
Abundantly thereon ? Drayton, Polyolblon, xxv. 158. Eau-de-vle d'Hendaye, a sweet cordial of which there
And burning corsives, ]1, Janson, Volpoue, iii. 6. —
wliite, which contains the least alco-
As I scaled the Alps, my
Thoughts reflected upon Han- H. n. Anjrtjiingthatmay be eaten; thatwhich are tliree varieties
hol ; green, whicli is the strongest and yellow, ;

nibal, who, with Vinegar and Strong Waters, did eatmUK is fit for or used as food. Plural of eau.
llowM, Letters, L 4S. L eatlX, ».
Passage thro' those Hills. Eatabtcs we brought away, but the earthen vessels we ea'Vet, v. t. [< eaves.] To shelter, as beneath
The taxes were so intoUerable that they eatt up the bad no occasion for. Dampier, Voyages, an. 1685.
EMlyn, Diary, Sept. 17, 1655. eaves. Davies. [Kare.]
renta.
The great business of the sea Is . . .' confined to eating/
eatage (e'taj), n. [A corruption (as if < eat + His hat shap't almost like a cone, . . ,

awap the margin of the coast, and planing It down to u -a<jr) of edige, eddish: see eddish.'] Food for With narrow rim scarce wide enough
depth of perhaps a hundred fathoms. horses and cattle from aftermath. See eddish. To eave from rain the staring ruff.
Huxleg, Physiography, p. 183. T. Ward, England's Reformation, p. 102.
The immense eatage obtained from seeds the same year
To eat crow. See (tomtS.— To eat dirt. See dirt.— To they are sown and after the dax Is pulled. eavedropt, v. See eavesdrop.
«at humble-pie. See ItumbUpu.—To Mtt one oat of Economist, Feb. 1, 1852. eaver (e v6r), n, [E, dial.] Rye-grass. Balli-
house and home, to ruin one by the cost of supporting obj. 6eei.] Amerope + icell. [Devonshire, Eng.]
or ftitvrtaitiiii'..' others. eat-beet, ». [< eat, «.,
Thy wife's friends will eat thee out ofhmtse and home. or bee-eater (which see). Florio. Neither doth it fall behind in rocadow-ground and pas-
Burton, Anat. of Met, p. 544. eaten (e'tn). Past participle of eat. turage, clover, eaver, and trefoil-grass.
Di^oe, Tour througli Great Britain, I. 362.
To eat one's bMUt oUt, to cost more In feeding Uian one eater (e'tir), n. [< ME. etere, < AS. etere (= D.
is wortti :said usoally of an animal, particularly a horse. eter Q. esser Dan. ader= =
Sw. atare), eat- = eaves (evz), n. })l. [Early mod. E. also eves; <
My mare has eattn her head of at the Ax In Alderman- er, < etan. eat.] 1. One who eats; specifical- ME. evese, eovese, pi. evcscs, eaves of a house,
bui7. Country Farmer's Catechism. ly, a menial; a servant. Compare beef-eater. edge (of a hill, a wood, etc.), < AS. efese, yfese,
To eat one's heart, to brood over one's sorrows or dis- Ase byeth the mocbele driukeres and eteres. eaves, edge, =
OFries. ose MLG. ovese, LG.=
appointments. Ayentnte qf Inwyt, p. 47. oese, esc =
OHG. obasa, obosa, obisa, opasa, oposa,
He could not reat bat did his stout heart eat.
; Be not among wlneblbbers, among riotous eaters of opesa, obsa, MHG. obse, G, dial, obesen, obsen, a
Spenser, F. Q., L II. S. lleah. Prov. xxilL 20. porch (G. dial, ousch, uesch, a gutter along the
I will not eat my heart alone.
Nor feed with sfadu a passing wind.
Where are all my eaters! my mouths, now?
B. Jonson, Epictene, lit 2,
eaves), =
= Icel. up» Sw. dial, uffs, eaves, =
Tennyson, In Memorlam, cviii. Goth. iibizKa, a porch, prob. < Goth. «/, under,
Menials appear to have been treated formerly with very
To eat one's terms, in the English inns of court, to go little ceremony ; they were stripped and beaten at their
= OHG. oba, opa, MHG. obe, G. oben, above (cf
through tlic prescribed amount of study preparatory to nuuter's pleasure; and cormorants, eaters, and feeders G. ob-dach, a shelter), etc. see ot'er, from the:

being called to the bar In allusion to the number of din-

: were among the civilest names bestowed upon them, same ult. source. This word is prop, singular,
ners a student must eat In the public hall of his society Qifford, Note to B. Jonson's Every Man out of his but, like riches, etc., it is treated as plural, the
each term la order that the term may count as such. [Humour, v. 1. formative suffix -es being mistaken for the plu-
Together, save for college times, 2. That which eats or corrodes; a corrosive, ral suffix.] It. Edge; border; margin.
Or Temple-«affn terms.
Tennyson, Aylmer's Field. eatht (t'TH), a. [< ME. eth, oeth, eath, < AS. edthe Anne forsothe sat beside the wele echo dal In the euesa
To eat one's words, to take back what one has uttered OS. odhi = =
OHG. odi, easv. Connection of of the hil, Wyctif, Tobit xi. 5 (Oxf.).
retract one's a-snertions, this word with OHG. odi, cede. Or. ode, MHG. Thus laykes this lorde by lynde wodez [llnd-woods) evez.
111 eat no words fur you, nor no men. empty, desolate, Dan. Sw. ode =
Icel. audhr = Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, \. 1178.
B. Jonson, Epicoene, v. 1. =
Goth, auths, desolate, barren, is doubtful. Specifically —
2. The lower edge of a roof; that
Would I were a man, There is no connection with ease: see ease.] part of the roof of a building which projects
I'd make Um
eat his knave's words .'

Easy. beyond the wall and sheds the water that falls
Beau, and Ft,, Scornful Lady, Iv. I.
That kud knljt Is eth to know l>y his kene dedes. on the roof; hence, figuratively, any projecting
If you find such a man In close and cordial influence William of Paleme, I. 3571.
with the masses, write me, and these wordu will be eaten rim.
with pleasure H'. M. Baker, New Timothy, p. 21.
More eath It were for mortall wight His tears run down his beard,- like winter's drops
To tell the sands, or count the starres on hye. From earns of reeds. Sliak., Tempest, v. 1.
To eat sonr grapes. See grai>el. = Sm. Fat, Bile, Chev, Spenser, F. Q., IV. xl. 53.
Gnair, Demur, OoMe, Consume. Eat is the general Shrowded under an obscure cloke, and the eves of an old
word. To biu lis to set the teeth Into. To eheic is to grind All hard assayes esteem I eath and light. hat. B. Jonson, Fortunate Isles,
Fair/ax, tr. of Tasso, li. 46.
with the teeth. To gnaw
to bite off little
Is by little, to Sombre streets of palaces with overhanging «aw«, that,
work at with the teeth, where the sultstance is hard or eatht (eTH), adv. [< ME. ethe, eathe, ythe, < AS. almost meeting, form a shelter from tlie fiercest sun.
managed with dilflcnlty and there Is little or nothing t<j edthe, ethe, eath, eth, easily, < edthe, easy: see J. A. Symonds, Italy and Greece, p. 283.
be got ; as, to gnaw a bone. To devour Is to eat up, to eat
eagerly or voraciously. To goMe Is to eat hurriedly or eath, a.] Easily. eaves-board, eaves-catch (evz'bord, -kach),
olTenHively, as in large pieces. To consume Is to eat up, Who thinks him most secnre. eathest sham'd.
Is n. An arris-fillet, or a thick board with a fea-
to eat completely. Bile, cliew, and gnaw do not imiily Fair/ax, tr. of Tasso, x. 42. ther-edge, nailed across the rafters at the eaves
swallowing the others uo.
;
eathlyt (eTH'li), adv. Easily. Halliwell. of a roof to raise the course of slates a little.
One cannot eat one's cake and have It too.
Biekerstag, Thomas and Sally. eating (e'ting), n. [< ME. etynge; verbal n. of Also called caves-lath.
eat. v.] 1. The act of consuining food, espe- eaves-drip (evz'drip), n. [AfE. not found; <
Truth has roogti flavours Ifwe bits It through.
Qsorgs Eliot, Armgart, U. cially solid food. AS. <fes-, yfes-drypa, yfes-dropa (== Icel. npsar-
119
 eaves-drip 1826 ebony
dropi =
OSw. opsddrup OFries. osedropta = =
ea'TlngS (e'vingz), «. pi. [Contr. of eavesings: A member of a party of Judaizing Christians
MD. osendrup, oosdrup (also osenloop), D. oos- seo eavesing.'i Eaves. Cotgrave. [Now chiefly which appeared in the church as early as
druip, eaves-drip, stillicide), < efese, eaves, + pro v. Eng.^ the second century and disappeared about the
dryppan, drip, dropa, a drop : see eaves and drij),^bauchoir (a-bo-shwor'); «• [F., < ihaucher, fourth century. They agreed in (1) the recognition of
drop. Ct. caves-drop.^ An ancient custom or law sketch, outline, rough-hew: see hosW-, and cf. Jesus as the Messiah, (2) the denial of his divinity, (3)
belief in the universal obligation of the Mosaic law, and
which required a proprietor to build in such a debauch.'] 1. A large chisel used by statuaries
(4) rejection of Paul and his writings. I'he two great divi-
manner that the eaves-drop from his house or to rough-hew their work. —
2. A great hatchel sions of Ebionites were tlie Pharisaic Ebionites, who em-
buildings should not fall on the land of his or beating instrument used by rope-makers. phasized the obligation of the Mosaic law, and the Esseiiic
neighbor. It was the same as the urban ser- ebb (eb), ». and a. [Early mod. E. ebhe ; < ME. El>ionites, who were more speculative and leaned toward
ehbe, < AS. ebha = D. eh, ebbe = OFries. ebha =
Gnosticism.
vitude of the Bomans, called stillicide (stilUei-
II. a. Relating to the heresy of the Ebionites.
dium). LG. ebbe (> G. ebbe) = Sw. ebh = Dan. ebbe, ebb.
Ebionitic (e'''bi-on-it'ik), a. [< Ebionite + -ic]
eaves-drop (evz'drop), n. [Early mod. E. also Prob. related to Goth, ibuks, backward, and per- Of or pertaining' to the Ebionites or Ebionitism.
eres-drop ; < eaves + drop : see eaves-drip.'\ The haps to Goth, ibns = AS. efen, E. eveii^, q. v.]
Ebionitism (e'bi-on-it-izm), n. [< Ebionite +
water which falls in drops from the eaves of a 1. ». 1. The reflux or falling of the tide; the -ism.] The doctrines or system of the Ebion-
house. return of tide-water toward the sea: opposed
ites. Also Ebionism.
eavesdrop (evz'drop), v. pret. and pp. eaves- to flood OT flow. See tide.
;
The principal monument of the Essenian Ebionitism is
dropped, ppr. eavesdropping. [Early mod. E. As sore wondren somme on cause of thonder, the pseudo-Clementine writings, whose date is somewhere
also evesdrop (and eavedrop); < eaves-drop, n.] On ebbe, on Hood, on gossomer, and on mist. in the latter part of the second century.
Chaucer, Squire's Tale, 1. 261.
1. intrans. 1. To lurk under the eaves or near O. P. Fisher, Begin, of Christianity, p. 499.
the windows of a house to listen and learn what His mother was a witch, and one so strong
That could control the moon, make tlows and ebbs. eblanin (eb'la-nin), n. [Formation not clear.]
is said within doors. Shak., Tempest, v. 1. Same as pyroxanthine.
But truly I cannot blame the gentlewomen ; you stood Sometimes at a low ebbe they [quicksands] are all un- Eblis, Iblees (eb'lis, ib'les), n. [Ar. Iblis.]
evM-dropping under their window, and would not come covered with water. Coryat, Crudities, I. 2. In Mohammedan myth., an evil spirit or devil,
up. Beau, and Fl., Captain, v. 3.
[^schylusj was always at high flood of passion, even in the chief of the fallen angels or wicked jinns.
Telling aome politicians who were wont to eawsdrop in the dead ebb and lowest water-mark of the scene. Before his fall he was called Azazel or Hharis.
disguises. ilillon. Apology lor Sniectymnuus. Dryden, Grounds of Criticism in Tragedy. —
Hall of Eblis, the hall of demons pandemonium. ;

2. Figuratively, to lie in wait to hear the pri- 2. A flowing backward or away ; decline ; de- eboe-light (e'bo-lit), n. [< eboe, appar. W. Ind.,
vate conversation of others. cay; a gradual falling off or diminution: as, +
lights.] The Erythroxylon brevipes, a shrub
and overheard ns. the ebb of prosperity ; crime is on the ebb. of the West Indies.
Strozza hath eavesdropp'd here,
Chapman, Gentleman Usher, ii. 1. There have been divers of your Royal Progenitors who eboe-torch'wood (e'b6-t6rch''wtid), n. Same as
have had as shrewd Shocks ; and 'tis well known how the eboe-light.
n. trans. To listen to in a clandestine man- next transmarine Kings have been brought to lower ebbs. eboe-tree (e'bo-tre), n. A
leguminous tree,
ner. [Rare.] Howell, Letters, ii. 63.
Dipteryx oleifera, of the Mosquito Coast in
The jealous eare of night eave-drops our I hate to learn the ebb of time
tallce.
From yon dull steeple's drowsy chime. Central America, the seeds of which yield a.
Mareton, Antonio and Melllda, I., ii. 1.
Scott, L. of the L., vi. 24. large quantity of oil. They resemble the ton-
It is not civil to eavesdrop him, but I'm sure he tallcs
on 't now. Shirley, Hyde Park, i. 2. Moral principle was at as low an ebb in private as in quin-bean, but are entirely without fragrance.
public life. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 14. ebon (eb'gn), n. and a. [Early mod. E. also ehen,
eavesdropper (evz ' drop ' 6r), n. [Early mod.
3t. A name of the common bunting, Emberiza heben, ebene, etc. (cf. D. ebbenhout G. eben- =
E. also evesdropper, esen-dropper ; < eavesdrop,
miliaria. Montagu. holz (> Dan. ibenholt =
Sw. ehenholts), 'ebony-
v., +
-eri.] One who watches for an opportu-
n.f a. Not deep ; shallow. wood'), < OF. benus, ebene, F. ebene Pr. ebena =
nity to hear the private conversation of others.
The water there is otherwise verie low and ebb.
=
Sp. Pg. It. ebano, < L. ebenus, corruptly hebe-
Under our tent^ I'll play the eaves-dropper. Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxxi. 7. nus, < Gr. ipevog, i^evTi, the ebony-tree, ebony,
To hear U any mean to shrink from me. The ebber shore. prob. of Phen. origin ; cf. Heb. hobnin, pi., eb-
Shak., Rich. III., v. 3. Bp. Hall, Works (1648), p. 20. (Haniwell.) ony : so called in allusion to its hardness ; < eben,
Eaves-droppers, or such as listen under walls or windows how ebb a soul have I to take in Christ's love I a stone. Now usually ebony, ebon being chiefly
or the eaves of a house, to hearken after discourse, and Buther/ord, Letters, viii.
thereupon to frame slanderous and mischievous tales, are poetical: see ebony.] I. n. Ebony (which see).
a common nuisance, and presentable at the court leet. ebb (eb), V. [< ME. ebben, < AS. ebbian D.= To write those plagues that then were coming on
Blackstone, Com., IV. xiii. ebben = MLG. LG. ebben (> MHG. eppen, G. Doth ask a pen of ebon and the night.
eavesdropping (evz'drop'ing), n. [Verbal n. ebben) — Sw. ebba = Dan. ebbe, ebb: see the Drayton, Barons' Wars, iv.
noun.] I. intrans. 1. To flow back; return, Of all those trees that be appropriate to India, Virgil
of eavesdrop, v.'\ The act of one who eaves- hath higlily commended tlxe ebene above the rest.
drops the doings of an eavesdropper.
;
as the water of a tide, toward the ocean ; sub- Holland, tr. of Pliny, xii. 4.
side opposed to flow : as, the tide ebbs and
:
Then might the conversations of a Schiller with a II. a. 1. Consisting or made of ebony.
Goethe , , tempt Honesty itself
. into eavesdropping. flows twice in twenty-four hours. See tide.
Carlyle, Schiller. This Watre rennethe, flowynge and ebbynge, be asyde of A gentle youth, his dearely loved Squire,
the Mountayne. MandeviUe, Travels, p. 199. His speare of heben wood beliind him bare.
eavesingt (ev'zing), [E. dial, contr. pi. eav-
n. Spenser, F. Q., I. vii. 37.
But that which I did most admire was, to see the Water
ings, easingSf < SIE. evesynge, eaves (also, ear- 2. Like ebony in color; dark; black.
keep ebbing for two Days together, without any flood, till
lier, evesunge, a shearing, < AS. *efesung, a shear- the Creek where we lived was almost dry. Heaven's ebon vault.
ing (around the edges), verbal n. of efesian, ef- Dampier, Voyages, II. iii. 66. Studded with stars unutterably bright,
sian, shear, =
Icel. ^sa, cut), < evese, edge, eaves: 2. To return or recede; fall away; decline. Througli which the moon's unclouded grandeur rolls.
see eaves.l 1. A
shearing; what is snom off. Now, when all is wither'd shrunk, and dry'd.
Shelley, Queen Mab, iv.

All virtues ebb'd out to a dead low tide. Sappho, with that gloriole
Me sold his eitestinge, theo her the me kerf of. Of ebon hair on calmed brows.
Aneren liiwle, p. 398. Donne, Countess of Salisbury.
Mrs. Brou'ning, Vision of Poets.
2. Eaves. Hay
As we may seo a wynter And felt them slowly ebonist (eb'on-ist), n. [< ebon, ebony, + -isi.] A
ebbing, name and fame.
Iseldes in [on] euesymjes thorgh hete of the Sonne Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien, worker in ebony.
Melteth ... to myst and to water.
=8yn. To recede, retire, decrease, sink, lower, wane, fall ebonite (eb'on-it), ». [^<. ebon, ebony, + -ite^.] A
Piers Plovmwn (C), xx. 193. away. black, hardened compound of caoutchouc or
eaves-lath (evz'lath), n. Same as eaves-hoard. II. trans. To cause to subside. [Rare.]
gutta-percha and sulphur in different propor-
eaves-swallow (evz'swoFo), n. 1. Same as That disdainful look has pierc'd my soul, and ebb'd my tions, to which other ingi-edients may be added
cliff-saallow. This name was first used about 1826, when rage to penitence and sorrow. Steele, Lying Lover, ii. 1.
for specific uses properly, black vulcanite, but ;
these birds appeared in settled parts of the eastern Unit- (eb'ang'kor), The anchor by
ebb-anchor n. used also as a general synonym of vulcanite
which a ship rides during the ebb-tide. (which see).
ebb-tide (eb'tid), n. The reflux of tide-water; ebonize (eb'on-iz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. ebonized,
the retiring tide. ppr. ebonizing. [< ebon^ ebony, -ize.] 1. To +
ebent, «. An obsolete form of ebon. Johnson. stain black, as wood, with a view to the imita-
Ebenacese (eb-e-na'se-e), n. pi. [NL., < L. ebe- tion of natural ebony : as, a bookcase of ebon-
nus (see ebony") + -a'cew.'] A
natural order of izedyiooA. —
2. To make black or tawny ; tinge
gamopetalous exogens, containing 5 or 6 gen- with the color of ebony as, to ebonize the fair-
:

era and about 250 species, shrubs or trees, est complexion.

chiefly inhabiting the tropics, with hard and Also spelled ebonise.
heavy wood. Among the valuable timbers yielded by ebony (eb'on-i), n. and a. [Early mod. E. ebonie,
this order are the eitony, calamander-wood, marblewood, ibonie; an extended form of ebon, q. v.] I,
The largest and most important genus is Diospyros.
etc.
See cut under Diospyros. n. ;
pi. ebonies (-iz). A name given to various
ebenet, «• An form of ebon.
obsolete woods distinguished in general by their dark
ebeneous (e-be'nf-us), a. [< LL. ebeneus, of color and hardness, and extensively used for
ebony, < L. ebenus, ebony: see ebony.] Of or carving, ornamental cabinet-work, instruments,
Eaves-swallow {Petrochtltdan lunifrons). canes, etc. The most valuable is the heart-wood of
pertaining to ebony; black; ebony-colored.
Diospyros Ebenicm, which grows in great abundance in
ed states, and were observed to build their bottle-nosed Ebenezer (eb-en-e'z&r), «. [Heb., 'the stone of the flat parts of Ceylon, and is of such size that logs of
nests of mud under the eaves of houses, their natural help.'] A stone erected by Samuel (1 Sam. vii. its heart-wood 2 feet in diameter and frtim 10 to 15 feet
nesting- pi aces being on cliffs. Ofteu less correctly writ- 12) as amemorial of divine aid in defeating the long are easily procured. Otlier varieties of valuable
ten eave-sicallow. ebony are obtained from D. Ebenaster of the East Indies
Philistines ; hence, any memorial of divine as-
2. The house-martin, Chelidon urhica. Also and D. melanoxylon of tlie Coromandel coast in Hindu-
sistance. stan. The most usual color is black, but the ebonies
casing-swallow. [Local, Eng.]
eaTes-trough (evz'trdf ), w. A
gutter suspended Ebionism (e'bi-on-izm), n. Same as Ebionitism. from tropical America vary much in this respect. The
Ebionite (e'bi-qn-it), n. and a. [< LL. Ebio- green eljony of Jamaica, known also as American or
immediately under the eaves of a roof to catch West Indian elx)ny, the wood of a leguminoift tree, Brya
the drip it is made of wood, sheet-tin, zinc, or copper, nitw, pi., Gr. 'E/3(uva(o(, < Heb. 'ebjonim (pi. Ebenus, takes a beautiful polish, and is used for inlaying,
and fitted with hangers for adjusting It to the structure. of 'ebjon), lit. 'the poor'; the ori^n of the making flutes, etc. The brown ebony of British Guiana,
Also called gutter, leader, or spout. application of the name is uncertain.] I. n. the source of which is uncertain, is daik-browu- ofteu witli
 ;; ; :

ebony 1827 Ecaudata

lifter streaks, very hard, and one of the handsomest Mr. Brookfleld presents an amusing type of a prolix and
woods of that country. The green or yellow ebony of etnUlienl old actor. ebnmated fe-b6r'na-tpd> n X<. T. phiimiii nf
°^
French Guiana, the wood of BwTJiomo teucoii/ioTi, and the , ,,.
Athemeuvi, Jali. 14, 1888, r
p. 60.
. .
;T,^ + -ate'-
wory, 5? „<!l 1
+ %2^ill
-eO^.i a
Made Vharda ^""T'"*'
and dense,
red ebony from the same region, are also very hanl and eDUlllOSCOpe (e-bul yo-skop), n. [= F. ebullio- like ivory : said of bone.
''**yy- . Mountain ebony, of the East Indies, is the wood
'"""""'"^"
scope, irreg. < L. ebullire, boil up, 6r. OKOTTtiv, + ebumation (eb-er-na'shon), n. [= F. eburna-
of Bauhinia varugata. view.] An instrument by which the strength tion; <L,. eburnus, ot ivory, + -ation.'i hi pa-
Our captain counts the image of God, nevertheless the of spirit of wine is determined by the careful ' '
thol.,
,
a morbid,
.

change in bone by which

. . - .

image, cut in ebony, as if done in ivory. it

Fuller, Good Sea^Captain.
determination of its boiling-point. becomes very hard and dense, like ivory, as in
SparlcI'd his [the swan's! jetty eyes ; his feet did show
ebullition (eb-u-li8h'on),». [= OF.ebullicion,F. arthritis deformans.
Beneath the waves like Afric's ebont/. ebullition Pr. ebuUicio =
Sp. ebulicion, ebiil- = ebumean (f-ber'ne-an), a. [= F. eburnSen, <
Keats, Imit. of Spenser. licion Pg. ebulli^ao =
It. ebulUzione, < LL. = L. eburnens, of ivory: see eburneotis.'] Relat-
H. a. Of ebony ; made of ebony, or like eb- ebulUtio(n-),< L. efiifWire, boil up: see ebullient.] ing to or made of ivory.
ony : as, an ebony cane ; an ebony finish. 1. The bubbling up or agitation which results eburneous (e-ber'ne-us), a. [= Sp. eburneo =
6boaIement (F. pron. a-bol'moh), n. [F., < from the action of heat on a liquid, owing to Pg. eburneo =
It. eturneo, eburno, < L. ebume-
ebouler, tumble down, < e- (< L. ex-), out of, the lowest portions becoming gaseous and es- U3j of ivory, < ebur, ivory: see ivory.'] Resem-
down, +
"bouler, < boule, bowl, ball: see ftoirP.] caping ; a boiling up or over. The temperature
at which ebullition takes place varies with the liquid, and
bling ivory in color ; of ivory-like whiteness
1. In/»rf., the crumbling or falling of the wall as, the eburneous guU, Larus eburneus.
of a fortification. —
2. In geol., a land-slide, or
land-slip ; an avalanche of rock ; the giving way
and sudden fall of a mass of rock, earth, or loose possible to heat water 20" F. above its boiling-point
1

material of any kind. Sometimes, though rarely, used without ebullition. Clerk Maxwell, Heat, p. 25. stances into others which have the appearance
by writers in English, as, for instance, in describing the
phenomena of earthquakes and volcanoes.
ebracteate, ebracteated (e-bras'te-at, -a-ted), ^:r^J„^ri:L?fi*t*^°^U^e^!P?."l'„^^^
turbed or seething condition or appearance, ^b^i^'ne),
Eburna +
n. pi. [NL. (Swain-
a. [< L. e- priv. 4- bractea, a thin plate: see produced by causes other than heat, as when
son, 1840), < -inw.] subfamily of A
gastropods, typified by the genus Eburna, and
bracteate.'i In bot., without bracts. rapidly flowing water encounters numerous ob-
to which have been also referred genera now
When bracts are absent altogether, as is usually the stacles or contrary currents.
known to be little related to it. See cut under
case in the plants of the natural order Cruciferse, . . . The chafing of the water against these huge obstacles Eburna.
such plants are said to be ettracteated. [rocks of granite), the meeting of the contrary currents
R. BeiUley, Botany, p. 181. one with another, creates such a violent ebuUition, . . .
ebumine (eb'6r-nin or -nin). a. [= F. ibur-
that it fills tlie mind with confusion. nin, < L. cbumus, of ivory, < ebur, ivory: see
ebracteolate (e-brak'te-o-lat), a. [< L. e- priv.
-f bracteola, dim. of bractea, a thin plate: see
Bruce, Source of the Nile, I. 15«. ivory.] Made of ivory. [Rare.]
bracteolate.'] In bot., without braetlets. 3. Effervescence occasioned by fermentation All in her night-robe loose, she lay reclined.
Ebraiket, a. A Middle English form of Hebraic. or by any other process which causes the evo- And, pensive, read from tablet eftumtne.
Ebrewt, «. An obsolete form of Hebrew. lution of an aeriform fluid, as in the mixture of Scott, L. of L. M., vi. 19.

ebriet^ (e-bri'e-ti), n. [Formerly ebrietie; < F. an acid with a carbonated alkali. [In this sense ec-, < Gr. ck-, Ik, reg. form before
[Ii., etc., ec-j
ebriete = Pr. ebrietat = Sp. ebriedad = Pg. ebri- formerly buUition.] a consonant of out, etc. : see ex-.]
£«-, ff, A
edade = It. ebrietd, ehbrield, < L. ebrieta{t-)s, We cannot find It to hold neither in Iron or copper, prefix of Greek origin, the form of ex- before a
drunkenness, < ebrius, drunken: see ebriotu.l which is dissolved with less ebuUilion. consonant^ as in ec-lipse, ec-logue, ecstasy, etc.
Drunkenness; intoxication by spirituous li- Sir T. Brxmme, Vulg. Err., iv. 7. It is sometimes used in scientific terms as equiv-
quors; derangement of the mental functions 4. Figuratively, an outward display of feeling alent to ecto- or exo-, as opposed to en-, endo-,
caused by drink. [Now rare.] a sudden burst ; a pouring forth ; an overflow- or en to-.
Bitter almonds, ... [as an] antidote against ebriety, ing : as, an ebullition of passion. 6caille-Work (a-kaly'w6rk), n. [< F. ^caille, =
hath commonly failed. Sir T. Bmmt, Vulg. Err., IL «. The greatest ebullitiona of the imagination. Johruon. It. scaglia (< G. schale, scale) (see scaled), -i-
We have a very common expreaaton todescribe a roan In Disposed to refer this to inexperience, or the ebuUition
E. work.] Decorative work made by sewing
a state of 4briety, that " he is as drunk aa a beast," or that of youthful spirit. yrescoM, Ferd. and Isa., L 3. scales cut from quills upon a foundation, as
•'
he ja beastly drunk." /. Dliraeli, Curioa. of Ut., lU. 32. of velvet or silk, forming patterns in relief.
It was not an extravagant ebullition of feeling, but
^brillade (F. pron. a-bre-IvW), n. [P., < It. might have been calculated on by any one acquainted with When skilfully done it resembles mother-of-
sbrigliata, a pull of the bridle, check, reproof, < the spirlta of ourcommunlty. pearl work.
Ernermn, Hist. Discoume at Concord, ecalcarato (e-kal'ka-rat), a.
sbrigliare, unbridle, undo, loosen, < s- (< L. ex-), [< NL. *ecalcara-
out, + briglia, bridle.] In the manege, a check =8yil. Ebullition, Eferwtemet, Fermentation. Ebutti- tus, < L. e- priv. -(-' calcar, a spur see calca- :

given to a horse by a sadden jerk of one rein '«'«•] In -ool. and bot. having no spur "' ™'
("^.'.T,^
uraUvely 5St°-h?
to that 'h""
which suggests heated or"f
'J5!,''k"*.S''' fP""*** .1«-
intense activ- „„_;„„„„ „„! „ » Pi, ^"^ or eal. ,
'
when he refuses to turn. Ity. BferveMence U not the result of heat or of the escape .S^^' 1" "^^y
:„„i sense
technical „^
of i
the latter word,
ebriosity (e-bri-os'i-ti), n. [Formerly ebrioaitie; of steam, but of the escape of ^m from a liquid. Fer- £caninat (e-ka-ni nil), n. pi. C< L- C- priv. +
= F. < ttriositi, < L. ebriosita( t-)s, < ebriosus, given mentation is a process often invisible, often taking place caninus, canine (tooth).]
in solids, and sotnetimes i'"Hluclng«/m
In Blyth's classifi-
to drink, < ebrius, drunken: see ebriom.] Habit- /' ]mn\uc\ngeferveaeencein liquids. cation of Mammalia, a term
„ilT' „;*'''i,v'''i' proposed as a sub-
ual drunkenness. [Bare.]
ebulumt. ebulust (eb'u-lum, stitute for the lusectivora of Cuvier.
Th.,„,i.H,....M.,.-.L..K
"
«r..-K ....-—.._.
-lus), ». [L.] The herb wall-
That religion which excuseth Noah in the aged sur-
. . .
wort, danewort, or dwarf elder.
ecardinal (e-kSr'di-nal), a. [< NL. *ecardina-
prizal of six hundred yean . . . will neitber acquit «*n-
E. PhiUips, 1706.
lis, < L. e- priv. cardo (cardin-), hinge see + :
otity nor ebriety In their known and intended perversions. t^rdinal.] Hingeless, inarticulate, or lyopo-
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., T. 21. Eboria (e-bii'ri-a), «. prL. (Ser- matous, as a brachiopod; of or pertaining to
Of all ebriotUy, who does not prefer to be intoxicated by ville, 1834), < L. ebur, ivory: see
the Ecardines.
the sir he breathes? Thonau, Walden, p. 2S4. ivory.] A
genus of longicom
Ecardines (e-kar'di-uez), n. pi. [NL., < L. e-
ebrlons (e'bri-ns), a. [= P. ihrieux = Sp. Pg. beetles, of the family Ceramby-
I>riv. +
cardo (cardin-), a hinge.] One of the
ebrioso =
It. ebrioso, cbbrioso, < L. ebrius, (uiink- cidtc, comprising many species,
two oi-ders of the class Brachiopoda. it includes
en.] Given to indulgence in drink ; drunken mostly of Central aiid South those >>rachiujiods the bivalve sliell of which has no hinge
drunk; intoxicated. [Rare.] America and the West Indies. and little if any dilTerence between the dorsal and ven-
ebucclnatorf (e-buk'si-na-tor), Ten, however, are found in tral valves, and contains the families Lingulidce, Ditci-
n. [< L. e, out,
nidce, and Craniidtr, which are thus collectively distin-
+ prop, bucinator, a trumpeter: see
bue<;irat4/r, North America, as the common
guished from the TeMicardines. Tne term issynonymous
buccinator.] A
tnuupeter. [Bare.] E. quadrigeminata. with Lfiopomata, Inarticulafa, Pleuropygia, and Sarco-
The ebuceinator ahewer, and declarer of these news, I ebuflne (eb'u-rin), n. [< L. ebur, brot-hiota, all of which are names of this division of
the angel and ambassador of God. ivory (see irory), -I- -ine^.] An brachiojMxIs.
Beeon, Worlcs, I. 4X artificial ivory composed of Eturia quadri-
Ecardinia (e-kar-din'i-ft), n. pi. [NL.] Same
ebulliatet (e-bul'yat), r. i. [Improp. for *ebul- bone-dust, gum tragacanth, and as Ecardines.
late, < LL. etmUatut, pp. of ebuUare, for the more some coloring subst^uice. ecarinate (e-kar'i-nat), a. [< NL. *ecarinatus,
correct L. MmOire, boil up : see anMient.] To eburite (eb'u-rit), «. [< L. ebw, ivory, -ifea.] < L. e- priv.
+ +
carina, keel : see carinate] In
boil or bubble up ; efferreace. Same as eburine. ornitli. and bot., without a carina or keel.
Whence thU 2» pUy-oppugnlng argmnant wni ebuUiate. Eburna (e-b*r'nS), n. [NL., fem. of L. ebumus, 6c&Tt6 (a-kiir-ta,'), «. [P., lit. discarded, pp.
Prynne, aistrlo-Mastix, I. Iv. S. of ivory, < ebur, ivory: see ivory.] A
genus of of ecarter, discard, set aside, < ^-, < L. ex, out,
+
ebullience, ebulliency (e-bul'yens, -ven-si), n. gastropods, variously carte, card : see cardi, and cf. discard.] A
[< rhullienl : see -(nice, -eney.] boiling over; A Umited. (a) By Lamarck it game played by two persons with thirty-two
a bursting forth ; overflow. wasmade to include tbeivory- cards, the small cards from two to six inclusive
The natural and enthnslastick fervour of men's spirits,
ahell E. glabrata, as well as being excluded. The players having cut for the deal,
tnrreted species of the family which is decided Ijy the highest card, the dealer gives five
and the ebuUieney of their fancy. Cudvmth, Sermons, p. 88.
Bueeinidte. (b) By most later canls to each player, three and two at a time, and turns
The absence of leatraints —
of severe conditions in — writen the typical species up the eleventh card for trump. If he turns up a king,
floe art allows a flush and ebullience, an opulence of pro- has been referred t« the OH- he scores one and if the king of tnimps occurs in the hand
;

duction, that la often called the highest genius. rida and the genus restrict- of either player, the liolder may score one by announcing
A. Bain, Corr. of Forces, ed to buccinids, like K. epi- it lieforo playing. The cards rank as follows king (high- :

rata, which are by others des- est), queen, linave, ace, ten, etc. A player having a higher
ebullient (f-bul'yent), a. [< L. ebuaien(t-)g, ignated as the genus Latrun- canl uf the suit led must take the trick with such a card
ppr. of rbullire, boil out or up, < e, out, + bul- eulut. As thus limited, it is if he cannot follow suit, he may play a trump or not, as
;

Ure, boil see boiP, v.] Boiling over, as a liquid

: remarkable for the oblong- he rh(H>8es. Three tricks count one point, five tricks (call-
overflowing; hence, over-enthusiastic; over- orate form, turreted spire, ed a nilf) two points, and five points make game. Before
demongtraave. and flattish upper or sutural
surface of the whorls, deep
play liegins the non-dealer may jiroijose —
that is, claim
the right to discard (^carter) any of the cards in his hand,
The ebullient choler of his refractory and pertinacious unihlHcus, and thick porcel- and have them replaced with fresh ones from the pack.
disciple. Lander. laiious texture. The color is Should he do so, both can discard as many cards as they
That the ao ebullient enthusiasm of the French was In IwrfihetHE^rna r^ata). also characteristic, reiidish choose,
this caae perfectly well directed, we cannot undertake to '«"»» Jistributed ui, a Ecaudata (e-ka-da'ta), ». pi [NL., neut. pi.
"y-
Tboie ebullient yean of my adolescence.
Carlyk.
^M,^,r^.,„A n , ..T'"
„\
rvS!^sririV^r^,\y:tfeTd'zl;^r';:^%^he'r: °; ^caudaL: see ec\dai.] "in herpet,
are about 14 species, found In China, etc. some are used
;
Anurit or tailless batrachians: opposed to Cau-
L
Lowell, The Century, XXXV. 611. tor food. data or Vrodela.

ecaudate
ecandate (§-k&'dat), a. [< NL. fcaiuUttus, <
h. c- priv. +
Cauda, a tail: see caudate.'] 1.
In bot.,without a tail or tail-like appendage.
— 2. In roo/., tailless; anurous; not caudate.
Specifically, in entomology, said of the posterior wings of
bntterflies. He, wlitn they are destitute of taillilce niai-
ginal processes.
EcbaUiam (ek-bal'i-um), «. [NL., < Gr. eK3a?.-
>Ltii>, throw out, < CK, out, + ^o/Omv, throw.] A
g^nus of cucurbitaceous plants, closely
to JilomordiC41. Tlie only species, E. Elaterium,
the
squirting cucumber, a native of southern Europe so
Squirtli^ Cucumber {Ecbatlium Elaterium),
named because the fruit when ripe separates suddenly
from and at the same moment forcibly expels
its staltc,
the seeds and juice from tlie aperture left at the base. A
precipitate obtained from tlie juice is the elaterium of
medicine, a very powerful hydragogue cathartic. See ela-
terium.
ecbasis (ek'ba-sis), n. [= F. ccbase, < L. ecbasis,
< Gr. CK3aatc,' a going out, issue, event, < iKJiai-
vciv, go out, come out, happen, < t/c, out, + pai-
veiv, go, = E. come : see base^, basis.] An argu-
ment drawn from the relation of cause and
effect; especially, an argument for or against
a certain course of action, such as the passage
of a proposed bill or law, from a consideration
of probable consequences.
ecbatic (ek-bat'ik), a. [< Gr. as if 'eKpaTrndg,
< en.iaiveiv, happen: see ecbasis.] Relating to
an event that has happened; denoting a mere
result or consequence, as distinguished from
telie, which implies purpose or intention. Thus,
the sentence " Events fell out so that the prophecy was
fulfilled" is echatic; but the sentence "Events were ar-
ranged in order that the prophecy might be fulfilled " is
telic.
ecblastesis (ek-blas-te'sis), rt. [NL., < Gr. t/c-
(iAdaniaiq, a shooting or budding forth, < cKJi^Ji-
ardvuv, shoot or sprout out, < in, out, -f- /JAapro-
veiv, sprout.] In bot., axillaryprolification in the
flower: a term applied by Engelmann to the
occurrence of adventitious buds in the axils of
one or more parts of the flower.
ecbole (ek'bo-le), n. [NL., < Gr. EK^>.^,a,
throwing out (£(C/3o/.i^ X6yov, a digression), < h-
pd'AXsiv, throw OTit: see Ecballium.]
a digression. —
2. In Gr. music, the raising or
sharping of a tone opposed to eclysis.
:
ecbolic (ek-borik), a. and n. [= F. ecbolique, <
Gr. eK36?M>v, se. (papiianov, a drug for expelling
£»c;3aAAf:(v, throw out: see ecbole.]
the fetus, < I.
a.Promoting parturition producing abortion. ; the sun's motion which uses an eccentric in place of an epi-
H. H. A drug promoting parturition.
ecce homo (ek'se ho'mo). [L. ecce, a de- :
monstrative adv. or interj., here (he or it is)!
lo! behold! prob. orig. 'ece, < *e, locative of
pron. i-s, e-a, i-d, this, he, she, it, -t- demonstra-
tive suffix -ce; homo: see Uomo.] Behold, the
man a phrase commonly used to denote Christ
:
crowned with thorns, considered as a subject
for a work of painting or sculptttro, from the
words with which he was presented by Pilate to
the Jews (John xix. 5). This subject has been fre-
quently chosen by artists since the fifteenth century,
among its most celebrated examples being paintings by
Correggio, Titian, H. Caraccl, Ouirto Reni, Van Dyclc, and
Ouercino.
ecceity (ek-se'i-ti), ». [< ML. ecceitas (occurring
in the 16th century as a modiflcation of the
earlier hcecceitas, due to the fact that the for-
mation of the latter word was not understood),
< L. eace, lo in LL. and ML. an assistant pron.
! ing : as, it is odd that he does not write. Queer often ex-
or adv., this, here see ecce Immo.] Same as
:
hcBceeity.
eccentnc (ek-sen'trik), a. and n.
also ecoentnck; = F. excentrique
;
1828 eccentricity
trie= Sp. excSntrieo = Pg. excentrico = It. ec- Yet in all these scores [of Sliakspere's characters] hard-
is to be found which deviates widely from the
ccntrico = D. excentriek (cf. D. cxcentrisch = G.
ly one
.. .
conunon standard, and which we should call very ccce/i-
exccntrisch = Dan. Sw. cxcentrisk), < NL. eccen- ^•ic if we met it in real life. Macaulay, Madame D'Arblay.
tricus, < LL. < Gr. iKaevrpo^, out of
ecceiitros,
The vulgar thus through imitation en*;
the center, < in, out, + Kevrpov, center
see cen- :
As oft the learn'd by being singidar.
ter^.] I. o. 1. Not located or situated in the Pope^ Essay on Criticism, L 425.
center; away from the center or axis: as, in Strange graces still, and stranger flights she had,
botany, lateral embryos and the stipes of some Was just not ugly, and was just not mad.
hymenomycetous fungi are said to be eccentric. Pope, Moral Essays, li. 49.
allied
\Vliat can be odder, for example, than the mixture of
Jiie astronomers discover in the earth no centre of the
is sensibility and sausages in some of Goethe's earlier notes
universe, but an eceentric speck.
:
Huxley, Lay Sermons, p. 16. to Frau von Stein, unless, to be sure, the publishing of
them? Lowell, Among my
Hooks, Ist ser., p. 290.
A complete neural circulation, however, is by no means
the necessary condition of a sensibility independently lo- But the old three-cornered hat,
cated in ceeentric purtions of the human body such as Mr. And the breeches, and all that,
Lewes supposes. G. S. Hall, German Culture, p. 234. Are so queer,
O. W. Holmes, Tlie Last Leaf.
2. In med., not originating or existing in the
due to peripheral Birds frequently perish from sudden changes in our
center or central parts ;
whimsical spring weather, of which they have no forelXHl-
causes: as, eccentric irritation; eccentric con- ing. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 6.
vulsions (that is, convulsions due to peripheral
irritation). —
3. Not coincident as regards cen-
its
IL n, 1. (a) In arte, astron.^ a circle having
center remote from the earth and carrying
ter; specifically, in geom., not having the same
center: applied to circles and spheres which
an epicycle which in its turn was supposed to
have not the same center, and consequently carry a planet.
Or if they list to try
are not parallel: opposed to concentric, having Conjecture, he his fabric of tlie heavens
a common center. Hence 4. Not coincident — Ilath left to their disputes perhaps to move
;
His laughter at their quaint opinions wide
as regards course or aim tending to a differ- ;
Hereafter, when they come to model heaven
ent end or result devious. ;
And calculate the stars; how they will wield
"Whatsoever affairs pass such a man's hands, he crook- The mighty frame ; how build, unbuild, contrive,
eth them to his own ends, which must needs be often ec- To save appearances; how gird the sphere
centric to the ends of his master or State. With centric and eccentric scribbled o'er,
Bacon, Wisdom for a Man's Self (ed. 1887). Cycle and epicycle, orb in orb. Milton, P. L., viii. S3.
Women's Affections are eccentrick to common Apprehen-
sion ; wiiereof the two poles are Passion and Inconstansy. (&) In mod. asfron., a circle described about the
Baker, Chronicles, p. 226. center of an elliptical orbit, with half the ma-
5. Deviating, or characterized by deviation, jor axis for radius. —
2, In mecli., a device for
from recognized, stated, or usual methods or converting a regular circular motion into an ir-
regular reciprocating rectilinear motion, it acts
practice, or from established forms, laws, etc.
upon the body moved by it through its perimeter like a
irregular; erratic; odd: as, ecccH^ric conduct cam, with which it is sometimes classed but all its pecu-
;
an eccentric person. liarities of motion are essentially those of a crank-motion,
Still he preserves the character of a humourist, and and it may be considered as a crank having a wrist of
finds most pleasure in eccentric virtues. larger diameter than the throw. In the steam-engine it is
Goldsmith, Vicar, iii. a disk fitted to the shaft, with its center placed at one side
of the center of the shaft, and it acts to convert the rotary
So would I bridle thy eccentric soul. motion of the shaft into the reciprocating motion of the
In reason's sober orbit bid it roll. valve-gear of the cylinder, and thus to make the engine
Whitehead, On Churchill. self-acting. (See link-motion, reversing -gear, and cutoff.)
6. Of or pertaining to an eccentric : as; the ec- In this sense sometimes written ezcentric.
centric anomaly of a planet ; the eccentric rod 3. One who or that which is irregular or anom-
of a steam-engine. alous in action; a person of eccentric habits.
In senses 3 and 6 sometimes written excen-
Mr. Farquhar added another to bis gallery of middle-
tric. aged eccentrics. Athenceum, Jan. 14, 18S8, p. 60.
Eccentric angle, in (/eom-., an angle connected with an
ellipse and denned as follows: Let ABDE he an ellipse. An^lar advance of an eccentric. See angular.— Ec-
Upon the transverse axis centric of the eccentric, a circle whose center is remote
AB as a diameter erect from the earth (in tliu I'tolemaic theory) or from the sun (in
the circle ABFG. Then, the Copernican), and which carries round its circumference
taking any point on the a second circle, called the eccentric, and this again a third,
called the epicycle,which cames a planet. An eccentnc
ellipse, as H, let fall the
perpendicular uponHK of an eccentric was supposed by Ptolemy to explain the
the transverse axis AB, motion of Mercury, and by Copernicus to explain the mo-
tions of Mercury and Venus. Tycho suj^ested such an
and continue this per-
pendicular until it cuts explanation for the motions of Mars.— Equation of the
See equation.
the circle at the point L eccentric.
on the same side of the eccentrical (ek-sen'tri-kal), a. Same as eccen-
transverse axis AB. Join tric.
L with the common cen- eccentrically (ek-sen'tri-kal-i), adv. With ec-
ter, C, of the ellipse and
centricity; in an eccentric manner or position.
circle. Tlien, the angle
BCL, reckoned from one G Also excentrically.
determinate end, B, of the Eccentric Angle.
transverse axis, is called Swift, Tlab'lais, and that favourite child,
Who, less eccentrically wild.
the eccentric angle of the point H. The expression is de-
rived from eccentric anomaly. —
Eccentric anomaly. See Inverts the misanthropic plan.
—
anomaly. Eccentric cam, a circular disk used as a cam, And, hating vices, hates not man.
Lloyd, Familiar Epistle.
1. Inrhet., in which the center of rotation is outside the center of fig-
ure.— Eccentric Chuck. See c/iwcfe*.— Eccentric circle.
Same as II., 1.— Eccentric cutter. SeecH^^cri.— Eccen- eccentric-gear (ek-sen'trik-ger), n. In mecli.j
tricequation. Same -ascj uat iono/the ecceyit ric(\v]uch8ee, a terra including all the links and other parts
under c/'trtf/o/O-— Eccentric equator. Same as egi/anf. wliieh transmit the motion of an eccentric.
—Eccentric hypertrophy of the heart. See hypertro-
phy.— "EccexitTio place of a planet, its place as seen from eccentric-hoop (ek-sen'trik-hop), n. Same as
eccentric-strap.
the center of its oi^tit.- Eccentric theory, a theory of
eccentricity (ek-sen-tris'i-ti), Vi' pi. eccentrici-
cycle.— Eccentric wheel, a wheel which is fixed on an ties (-tiz). [= F. = Sp. excentrici-
excentficite
;
dad = Pg. excentriddade = It. eccentricitd =D.
axis that does not pass through the center. Its action is
that of a crank of the same length as the eccentricity. See
IL, 2.=Syn. 5. Eccentric, Sin^jular, Strange, Odd, Queer, excentridteit = G. cxcentricitdt = Dan. Sw. ^.i-
Whimsical, peculiar, erratic. Eccentric is applied to acts centricitetf < NL.
eccentricita{t-)s, < eccentricus,
which are the effects of tastes, prejudices, judgments, etc., eccentric: see eccentric.'] 1. Deviation from
not merely different from those of ordinary people, but
largely unaccountable and often irregular, or to the person a center; the state of a circle with reference to
who thus acts. Singular implies that a thing stands alone its center not coinciding with that of another
in its kind or approximately so ; practically, the word ex- circle. —
2. In geom. and astron.y the distance
presses some disapprobation as, a singular fellow or per-
:
between the foci of a conic divided by the
formance while eccentric people are generally the objects
;
of good-humored interest. Strange implies that the thing
transverse diameter. The eccentricity of the
or its cause is unknown as, a very strange proceeding a
: ; earth's orbit is .01677, or about -^.—S. In
strange insect but what is strange to one man may not be
; anc. astron., the distance of the center of the
so to another; what is strange to most or all is singular.
Odd, unmated,startsfromthesanieideaassinj7MZrtr; when
—
equant from the earth. 4. Departure or de-
applied to peraonal appearance, it implies singularity and
viation from that which is stated, regular, or
grotei^fjueneas as, an odd figure ; when applied to the mind
:
usual; oddity; whimsicalness: an, the eccentri-
or habits, it is nearly equivalent to eccentric, but is some- city of a man's genius or conduct.
what stronger as, he is very odd ; he has odd ways when
: ;
applied to actions or conditions, it frequently implies some Akenside was a young man warm with every notion . . .
degree of wonder, and is then nearly the same as surpris- connected with the sound of liberty, and by an eccentricity
which such dispositions do not easily avoid, a lover of con-
tradiction, and no friend to anything established.
presses a singularity that is <lroll. Whimsical is nearer to
Johnson, Akenside.
eccentric, applying to one who often acts upon capricious
and irregular fancies of a rather amusing kind. For con-
[Formerly nection with quaint, see ancient. See also wondcr/ul, ir- 6. An eccentric action or characteristic; a
= Pr. excen- regular, Janctful. striking peculiarity of character or conduct.
 : ;

eccentricity 1-S29 ecclesiastical

whose [Frederic "WiUiani's] eccentt'icitifg were such aa In ancient Greece and Italy the primitive clan-assembly II. 11.In early usage, a member of the
1.
had never before been seen out of a mad-house. or township-meeting did not grow by asjgregiition into the orthodox church, as distinguished from Jews,
ilacaulay, Frederic the Great assembly of the shire, but it developed into the comitia or
ecclesia of the city. J. Fiske, Amcr. Pol. Ideas, p. 67, pagans, infidels, and heretics.
Also exccntricifi/ in the literal uses. I must here observe farther that the name of ecclesias-
Angle of eccentricity, in tjeom., tlte an^jle whose sine is 2. A society for Christian worship ; a church; tics was sometimes attributed to all Christians in general.
equal to tl»e eccentricity of an ellipse.— Bisection of tile a congregation: the Greek and Latin name, Bentham.
eccentricity. See Awccdou.— Temporal eccentricity, sometimes used in English writing with refer-
in anc. agtruiu, the eccentricity of the urlnt oi Mercury at 2. One holding an office in the Christian min-
ence to the early church, officially consecrated to the
any time. Since the eccentric of ilercury was supposed istry, or otherwise
itself to he carried on an eccentric, it follows that the ec- ecclesialt (e-kle'zi-al), a. [< ML. ecclemalis, < service of the church: usually restricted to
centricity would not be a constant quantity. LL. ecclesia, the church : see ecclesia.'\ Eccle- those connected with an episcopate, and in the
eccentric-rod (ek-sen'trik-rod), n. In mec/i., the siastical. middle ages to subordinate officials.
main connecting-link by which the motion of Our ecclesial and political choices,
Among the Homan Catholics, all moiiks, and, in the
an eccentric is transmitted. Hilton, Beformation in Eng,, ii.
Church of England, the various dignitaries who perfonu
eccentric-strap (ek-sen'trik-strap), n. Inviech., It is not the part of a King . , . to meddle with i'ccfc- the episcopal functions, are entitled ecclt-siastics.
the baud of iron which embraces the circum- sial Government. UiUon, Eikonoklastes, xiii. Crabb, Englisll Synonymes, p. 369.
ference of an eccentric, and within which it ecclesian (e-kle'zi-an), n. [< ML. ecclesianus, From a humble ecclesiastic, he was subsequently pre-
revolves. The eccentric-rod is attached to it. a supporter of the church as against the civil ferred to the highest dignities of the church, Prescott.

Also called ceccntric-hoop. power, also as adj., < LL. ecclesia, the church: ecclesiastical (e-kle-zi-as'ti-kal), a. [< eccle-
eccentrometer (ek-sen-trom'e-ter), H. [< LL. see ecclesia.'] One who maintains the suprem- siastic -al.] Pertaining or relating to the +
ecceiitros, eccentric, +
metrum, measure.] Any acy of the ecclesiastical domination over the church; churchly; not civil or secular: a,s, ec-
instrument used to determine the eccentricity civil power. Imp, Diet. clesiastical discipline or government ecclesias- ;

of a projectile. ecclesiarch (e-kle'zi-Srk), n. [= F. eeclesiarque, tical affairs, history, or polity; ecclesiastical

eccepnalosis (ek-sef-a-lo'sis), It. [NL., < Gr. < LGr. iKK/.rjci.apx'K, ^ Gr. eKK?^aia, an assembly, courts. Sometimes abbreviated eccl., eccles.
IK, out, + s.cipa'fJi, head: see cephalic and -osi'».] -I- apxoc, a leader.] 1. ruler of the church AThere are in men operations, some natural, some ra-
In obslet., an operation in which the brain of an ecclesiastical mapiate. Bailey, 1727. 2. tional, some supernatural, some politic, some Anally ec- —
the child is removed to facilitate delivery; ex- In the Gr. Ch., a sacrist or sacristan; a church clesiastical. Hooker, Eccles, Polity, I, 16,
cerebration. officer who has charge of a church and its con- A Bishop, as a Bishop, had never any Ecclesiastical
ecce signiun (ek'se sig'uum). [L., behold, the tents, and summons the worshipers by seman- Jurisdiction, Selden, Table-Talk, p, 22.
sign ecre, behold (see ccce homo) signum, sign
: ; tron or otherwise. In the more important The Anglo-Saxon sovereigns, acting in the closest union
see S(V/».] Behold, the sign; hero is the proof. churches the ecclesiarch formerly had minor with their bishops, made ecclesiastical laws which clothed
the spiritual enactments with coercive authority,
ecchondroma (ek-on-dro ma), n. pi. ecchon- officials under his authority.
; Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 298.
dromata (-ma-tS). [XL., i Gr. Ik, oat of, +
ecclesiast (e-kle'zi-ast), 11. [< ME. ecclesiaste; Ecclesiastical books, in the early church, books allowed
Xovdpo^, cartilage, -1- -oma.'\ A
chondroma or =
F. ecclesiaste, < LL. ecdesiastes, < Gr. t/oi?.)?- to be read in church, especially those read for edification
cartilaginous tumor growing from the surface ataorii^, in classical Gr. a member of the assem- and for the instruction of catechumens, but not belonging
of a bone; a chondroma originating in normal bly (ecclesia), < iiacXriataiciv, sit in the assembly, in the strictest sense to the canon of Scripture, This name
was applied to such books as those named in the sixth of
cartilage, and forming an outgrowth from It. debate as an assembly, later call an assembly, the Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England, after
eccbondrosis (ek-on-dro'sis), «. [NL., < Gr. LGr. summon to church, come into the church, the canonical lx>oks of the Old Testament, as " the other
<\, out of, 4- x^^^fXK, cartilage (cf. CKxampiiew, < tKK/j/aia, an assembly of the people, LGr. a Ixjoks," and collected In the King Janu-s liilile under the
make into cartilage), -I- -osis.'] Same as ecchon- church : see ecclesia. The word kuKJ-riataaTrj^ is heading "Apocrypha,"— Ecclesiastical calendar. See
calendar. —Ecclesiastical colors. See co(or. — Ecclesias-
(Iroma. Also ekchondrosis. usually translated 'preacher,' but this is an
tical commission, (i) ,\conrt appointed by Queen Eliza-
ecchymoma (ek-i-mo'mS), «. pi. ecchymomata imperfect rendering, being rather an inference beth, and invested by her with nearly absolute powers, for
;

(-ma-ti). [NL., < Gr. Ik, out of, .r"/"*?, +

juice, from the verb iKKXi)aia!lctv in its later sense, 'call the puriMjse of regulating religiousopinions, and punishing
+ ^ma.'] A
swelling on the skin caused by an assembly' (hence, by inference, give it di- all departure from the church standards either in doctrine
or in ritual. It was8nl)sequently abolished by Parliament,
o.ttrava.sation of blood. rections or admonitions), or from the Heb. word
(6) A standing commission in England, created by Parlia-
ecchymosed (ek'i-most), a. [< ccchymos-is +
of similar import,] 1. An ecclesiastic; one ment in the early part of the iiineteenth century, invested
-<(/-'.] Characterized by or partaking of the who addresses the church or assembly of the with important powers for the reform of the established
submitted, after due notice
nature of eccbymosis. faithful ; a preacher or sacred orator ; specifi- church. Its idans have to be
to persons interested, to the sovereign in council, and be
The changes which take place in the cnlonrof an ecehy- cally, with the definite article, Coheleth, or the ratified by ordei-s in council; but after ratification and
motfd spot are worthy of attention, since they may aerve Preacher
to aid the witness in giving an opinion nn the probable
—
that is, Solomon, or the author of due publication they have the same effect as acts of Par-
llaui. nt, - Ecclesiastical councils. See couneil, 7.— Ec-
the book of Ecdesiastes.
time at which a contusion has liecn inflicted. clesiastical courts, iliurcli courts in which the canon
A. S. Taylor, Med. Jurisprudence, p. 192. He was in chirche a noble ttclerioMe, law is administered and ecclesiastical causes ai'e tried.
Chaucer, Gen, ProL to C, T., I. 708.
In countries in which the church is establisheil by law the
eccbymosis (ek-i-mo'sis), n.: f\. ecchymoses Though thrice a thousand yean are past decisions of these courts have a l}inding legal effect, and
(-sez). [= F. ecchymose, < NL. ecchymogis, < Since David's son, the sad and splendid, the courts constitute a part of the judicial machinery of
Gr. ixxvfi-x'ic, tKxviideaOai, shed the blood and
(.
Tlie weary King EeeUtiatt, the community; in other countries their decisions are
I'pon his awful tablets penned It. binding only within the church, and enforced only by
leave it extravasated under the skin, < U, out, Thackeray, Vanitas Vanitatuin. church discipline. In England there are several ecclesi-
-f- x^fof, juice, animal see
juice, < x^^'^i I>our : astical courts, Tliat of primary resort is the Consistory
2t. [cap.'i Ecclesiasticus. Court of the diocese; from it appeals go to the Court of
rhyme^.] In med., a liWd, black, or yellow spot
Redeth Eccletiojtle of flaterie Arches, and from there to the Privy Comicil, In the
produced by extravasated blood. In dermatol- Beth ware, ye lordes, of hire trecherle, Protestant Episcopal Churcli of America the administra-
ogy the word usually denotes an extravasation Chaucer, Xuns lYlest's Tale, 1, 607, tion of discipline of lay ineml)ers is wholly in the hands
of greater extent than the small spots called of tiie rect^ir, an apiH'al lying to the bishop. The method
Ecdesiastes (e-kle-zi-as'tez), h. [LL., < Gr. of proceeding against clergymen in each diocese Is deter-
petechia;.
the title in the Septuagint and
'EKK/t/niaari/it mined by diocesan canons. A
l>ishop is tried by the House
M. Tanllen states that he has seen these suhpleural hence in the Vulgate version of the book called of Blsliops. In the Presbyterian Church the ecclesiastical
fcckymotet in the Ixxly of an infant ten mouths after courts are the .Session, Presbytery, Symid, and General
death 1 A. .S. Taylor, .Med. Jurisprudence, p. 380.
in Heb. Qokeleth, lit. ho who calls together an
As^nibly, the last being the court of last resort; in the
assembly of the people, the gatherer of the Metlioilist Cluirch trials are had t^fore a cliurch conmiit-
eccbymotic (ek-i-mot'ik), a. [= F. ecchymo- people, fem. (in use masc.) part. < qahal, call, tee, with an appeal to the Conference; in Iwth churches
ecchymogis (-mot-)
lirjuc; a.s -I'c] +
Pertain- call together (otherwise detiued 'heap toge- there are provisions for the constitution of courts for the
ing to or of the nature of ecchymosis: as,ec- trial of clergymen for false doctrine or immoral conduct.
ther'). See ccclesiast.'\ One ot the books of
chymotic collections. In churches of the Congregational system there are no
the Old Testament, also called the Preacher. ecclesiiistical courts; the local chfirch is the only tribunal
In purpura heiuorrhafflca the lesions are nsualljr more Kcclegiatles is the GreeIc title in the Septuagint version. iec<jgnized. In the Koinan Catholic Church there are
numerous, more extensive, eaJiymotie lu cluracter. Hut preacher, in its iniMlern signification. Is not synony- bishops' courts for the trial of ordinary church causes,
DukTing, 8kin Diseases, plate K. mous with the original. (See the etymology.) Tholnxikis the trial of bishops l)eing reserved to the pope ; hut the
a dramatic prest-ntation of the fruitlessness of a life de- ntctboiisof procedure differ according to tiie position of
EccL An abbreviation (a) of Eeeletiastet ; (h) voted to worldly pleasure or ambition. It purports to be the cliurch in different countries.— Ecclesiastical epis-
(/, c] o[ ecclesitutical. a record of the experience and reflections of .s<tlomon, to tles, in the Horn. Cath. Ch., letters written l>y cliurch
whom Its authorwip Is often attributed, but on this dignitaries ofttcially, and carrying with them ecclesiasti-
eccle, ". See eckle^. inint Biblical critics disagree. Often abbreviated Eccl., cal authority, as ajJostolic epistles written by the Konian
Eccles. An
abbreviation (a) of Ecdesiastes; Kcclei. pontiff In virtue of Ilis apostolic authority, commenda-
(li) [/. ot ecclesiastical.
r.] ecclesiastic (e-kle-zi-as'tik), a. and «. [For- tory epistles (see commendatorj/X dimis-sory epistles (see
ecclesia (e-kle'zi-ft), n. ; pi. eceUsia, ecclesias merly also ccclesiastick ; < F. ecclesiastique = diiiiisttory), encyclical epistles (see encyclic), pastoral epis-

(-e, -az). [= F.~^glisc =

Pr. gleiza, glieyza, Sp. eclesidstico Pg. eedesiastico =
It. ecclesias- = tles, ana epistles of instruction to particular churches,
— Ecclesiastical fast. See/as/'', Ecclesiastical his- —
iiHi-ia =
8p. iylesia =
Pg. igrria It. ehiesa =
tico, eechiesiastico, eeeresiastico 8w. ecklesias- = tory, the bisforyof the church from the Iicgiiiniiig to the
(also ecclesia), church, < L. ecclesia, an assem- tik (cf. G. ecclesiastisch Dan. ekklcsiastisk = = present time, including Ixith Old Testiinieiit and New
bly of the (Greek) people, LL. (also, as in ML., Sw. eeklesiastisk), < L. ecclesiasticus.^. Gr. iiuc^i)- Testament history ; more specifically, the histcuy of the
fiometimes eclesia) a church, congregation of aiaaTiK6^, of or for the assembly, LGr. and LL. Christian church, including both its interior and its ex-
terior development —
that is, its organization and also the
Christians, =
Ar. kelixr, kenise Turk. kUise = =
of or for the church (as a noun, a church officer, development of itsdoctrinal beliefs.— Ecclesiastical law,
Pcrs. kalisa, knnisa, a church, < Gr. iiuhiaia, an an ecclesiastic) (cf. iKKh/aiaart/r, a member of the law of the chiinh as admlnistehed in tlic ecclesiastical
assembly of the people, IXir. an assembly of the assembly, etc.), < cKK^.T/niaZeiv, sit in the as- courts; in a more general sense, especially in those cuun-
tiles where there is no church establishment, the whole
Christians, a church. < ckk/jitoc, summoned, < sembly, LGr. summon to church, etc. : see ee-
boily of the law relating to religion or religious institu-
iKKa>jtv, summon, call out, < ck, out, + Ka>Mv, clexia, ecclesiast.'] I. a. Ecclesiastical ; specifi- tions as administered in tiie civil courts.— Ecclesiastical
call: see ea/ends.] 1. An assembly ; the great cally, pertaining to the ministry or adminis- mode, .See mode— Ecclesiastical moon, or cofoidnr
assembly of the people in certain ancient Greek tration of the church. [Now rare.] miMm, a fictitious niontli usci in dctennining the date
of Easter, It is made purp»cly todejwirt from the natural
states, as Athens, at which every free citizen And pulpit, drum eccle»iaiitick, month, to avoiil the possibility of a coincidence of Easter
had a right to vote. Was beat with fist instead of a stick. —
with the Jew ihh Passover. Ecclesiastical notary. See
S, ISutler, lludibras, I, I, 11, notaiif,- Ecclesiastical polity, the principles and laws
Tli<- (icople in the United States, . . . planted, as they
arc, nvt-r large dominions, cannot meet in one assembly, An
eedetia^ie person . . ought not to go in splendid
. of church government,— Ecclesiastical statet, the body
and thf-refore nte not exposed U) those tumultuous com- and vain ornaments. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed, 1836), II, 7. of the clergy,
motions, like the racing waves of the sea, which always A church of England man has a true veneration for the A king in whose time also
, . . began that great altera-
aeltated the tteUtia at Athens. scheme established among us ot eccUgiastick government, tion in the state ecclesiastical.
J. Adaiiu, Works, IV. 401. Svci/t. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 131.
 ;;

ecclesiastically 1830 Echidna

ecclesiastically (e-kle-zi-as'ti-kal-i), adr. By cem, containing three species, natives of South inent, company, or other body occupies a posi-
the ohuroh as regards the constitution, laws,
; America. They have twice-pinnatisect leaves with small tion parallel to, but not in the same alinement
doctrines, etc., of the church. membranaceous leaflets, and green or yellow flve-lobed with, that in front, thus presenting the appear-
flowers. A', scaber is cultivated its an ornamental creeper.
It Is both naturally and ecdeMatticaUu good. ance of steps, and capable of being formed into
Jifr. Taylor^ Rule of Conscience, iii. 5.
eccrinology (ek-ri-nol'o-ji), n. [Irreg. < Gr. one line by moving each of the less advanced
inKpiveiv, separate (< ex, out, -1- Kpivetv, separate),
divisions, etc., forward until they all aline.
ecclesiasticism (e-kle-zi-as'ti-sizm), n. [< ec- -I- -/Myia, < 7,t}tiv, speak: see -ology.'] That Troops so disposed are said to be in echelon. A fleet is
clesiastic + -ism.'\ Strong adherence to the branch of physiology which relates to the se- said to be in echelon when it presents a wedge-form to the
principles and organization of the church, or cretions and the act of secretion. enemy, so that the bow-guns and broadsides of the sev-
eral ships can defend one another.
to ecclesiastical observances, privileges, etc. eccrisist (ek'ri-sis), «. [NL., < Gr. cKKpim^, sep-
devotion to the interests of the church and the aration, < iKKpiTog, separated, < cKKptvew, choose The beaters moved in echelon by the hill-top as well as
they could. W. U. Russell, Diary in India, II. IW
extension of its influence in its external rela- out, separate, < «, out, -I- Kpiveiv, separate see :
The friends were standing where the Catskill hills lay
tions. crisis.'} In med. (a) The expulsion or excretion : before them in echelon t^jwards the river, the ridges lap-
My religious convictions and views have remained free of any waste products or products of disease. ping over each other and receding in the distance.
ftoni any tincture of ecclesiasticism. Westminster Rev. (b) The excreted products themselves. C. D. Warner, Their Pilgrimage, p. 54.

Puseyites and ritualists, aiming to reinforce ecdesiasli- eccritict (e-krit'ik), w. [< Gr. impirmd^, se- echelon (esh'e-lon), V. t. [< echelon, ».] To
eism, betray a decided leaning towai'ds archaic print, as cretive, < iKKpiTOC, secreted, separated see eccri- form in echelon.
:

well as archaic ornaments.

11. Spencer, Study of Sociol., p. 107.
Ethical forces for all the reforms of society are stored
in the Christian church, but the battery is insulated by
eeeiesiastieism. A. A, Rev., CXLl. 240.
Ecclesiasticus (e-kle-zi-as'ti-kus), n. [1>L.,
prop, adj., of or belonging to the church: see
ecclesiastic,'^ The name in the Latin version
of the Bible, and the alternative name in the
English Apocrypha, of the book called in the
Septuagint "The Wisdom of Jesus, the Son
of Sirach," included in the canon of the Old
Testament by the Roman Catholic and Greek
churches, but regarded as apocryphal by Jews
and Protestants, though occasionally read in
the Anglican Church, in form it resembles the Book
of lYoverbs. It is supposed to have been originally com-
piled in Hebrew or Araniean about 180 B. c, and trans-
luted into Greek alwut 130 B. c. Abbreviated Ecclus.
ecclesiography (e-kle-zi-og'ra-fi), «. [<
the church,
iKKATiaia, +
Gr. -ypcupia, < ypa^eiv,
write.] The history of churches, their locality,
doctrines, polity, and condition. The Congrega-
tionalist, July 2, 1879.
ecclesiological (e-kle"zi-o-loj'i-kal), a. [< ec-
clesiologij + -ical.~\ Of or pertaining to eccle-
siology ; treating of ecclesiology.
Colossians is christological, and represents Christ as the
true pleroma or plenitude of the Godhead, the totality of
divine attributes and powers ; Ephesians is ecclesioloffical,
and exhibits the ideal church as the body of Christ, as the
reflected pleroma of Christ, "the fulness of Him who fill-
eth all in all." Schaff, Hist. Christ. Church,
Mr. Butler candidly admits that in ecclesiological and
ritual knowledge he started with but a scanty outfit.
Edinlnmjh Rev., CLXIII. 27.
ecclesiologist (e-kle-zi-ol'o-jist), n. [< ecclesi-
ology + -ist.'\ One versed in ecclesiology; an
expotmder of ecclesiology.
For the ecclesiologist proper there is a prodigious bal-
dacchino, and a grand display of metal-work behind the
high altar. E. A. Freeiimn, Venice, p. 282.
ecclesiology (e-kle-zi-ol'o-ji), LGr. inKkri-
n. [<
aia, the church, + Gr. -Aoyia, <
'/syctv, speak see
sis.'] A medicine that promotes excretion ; an The Russian amiy of the Lom in the end of July was
eliminative. echeloned along the road to Rustchuk, waiting for the
word to surround that fortress.
oocyesis (ek-si-e'sis), «. [NL., < Gr. as if *m- Arch. Forbes, Souvenirs of some Continents, p. 128.
KV7/aic, < iKKvelv, bring forth, put forth as leaves,
< «, forth, -t- Kvclv, be pregnant.] Extra-uter- echelon-lens
(esh'e-lon-lenz), n. compound A
lens used for lighthouses, having a series of con-
ine gestation, or the development of the fetus
centric annular lenses arranged round a central
outside of the cavity of the uterus, as in a Fal-
lopian tube, an ovary, or the abdominal ca\'ity.
lens, so that all have a common focus.
eccyliosis (ek-sil-i-6'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. ckkv-
echeneidan (ek-e-ne'i-dan), n. fish of the A
family Eehcneididw. Sir J. liichardson.
Aieadai, be unrolled (develop) (< in, out, nvXmv, + A
In pathol., a echeneidid
(ek-e-ne'i-did), n. fish of the
roll up: see cylinder), +
-osis.']
family Echeneididce.
disease or disturbance of development ; a dis-
order resulting from the process of develop- Echeneididae
(ek"e-ne-id'i-de), n.pl, [NL., <
ment.
Echeneis {-id-) -ida:.] + A
family of teleocepha-
lous fishes, representing the suborder Discoce-
+
ecderon (ek'de-ron), n. [NL., < Gr. ck, out, phali, and typified by the genus Echeneis. The
(Sfpof, skin.] An outer layer of integument, as Body is elongated, broad in front, and tapering to the cau-
the epithelial layer of mucous membrane, or dal tin; the head is flat, horizontal above, and surmounted
the epidermal layer of the skin : distinguished by an oval disk. This disk is composed of numerous (10 to
LGr. from enderon, the deeper layer. 27) transverse bars, pectinated behind, and divided into
ecderonic (ek-de-ron'ik), a. [< ecderon
pairs by a median longitudinal leathery partition,
-ic] is surrounded by a leathery margin. This formationand
+ is
Of or pertaining to the ecderon ; epidermal or homologous with a set of dorsal spines, and is in fact an
epithelial. extremely modified dorsal fin. A normal dorsal is devel-
oped on the hinder part of the body, and the anal nearly
Teeth in MoUusca and Annulosa are always ecderonic, corresponds to it. The ventrals are thoracic in position,
cuticular, or epithelial structures. and have 5 rays, and a slender spine closely attached to
Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 80. the adjoining ray. By means of the disk, acting as a
sucker, these fishes attach themselves to other animals.
ecdysis (ek'di-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. sKdvai^, a They are known to sailors and fishermen as suckers or
getting out, < ckSvLv, get out of, strip off, < in, sucking-Jighes. About a dozen species are known the ;
out, -I- 6i)uv, get into, enter.] The act of put- most common are Echeneis naucrates and Remora remo-
ting off, coming out of, or emerging; the act ra. Also Echenidce, Echeneidini. See pilot-fish, remora.
of shedding or casting an outer coat or integu- Echeneidini (ek-e-ne-i-di'ni), n. x>l. [NL., <
I. § 98. ment, as in the case of serpents and certain in- Echeneis (-id-) -int.] +
Same as Echeneididce.
sects, or the feathers of birds ; the molt : op- Bonaparte, 1837.
posed to endysis. echeneidoid (ek-e-ne'i-doid), a. and n. I. a.
ecgonine (ek'go-nin), n. [< Gr. inyovoq, born Pertaining to or having the characters of the
(as a noun, a ctild) (< e/c, out of, +
-yov6^, born: Echeneidixla.
see -gony), +-ine^.] In chem., a base obtained II. n. A
fish of the family Echeneididw.
from cocaine by the action of hydrochloric acid. Echeneis (ek-e-ne'is), n. [L., < Gr. ixuvvk
(-iii-), the remora, supposed to have the power
It is soluble in water.
^chancnire (F. pron. a-shon-kriir'), n. [F., a of holding ships back, prop, adj., ship-holding,
hollowing out, scallop, slope, < 6chancrer, cut < E;t^Mv, hold, -f- vavq =
L. navis, a ship.] The
sloping, lit. cut crabwise, < e-, < L. ex, out, +
typical genus of the family Echeneididce, hav-
:
chancre, < L. cancer, a crab see cancer.'] In ing on the top of the head a large, flat, lami-
:

-ology.'] 1. The science of the church as an anat. and zool., a notch, nick, or indentation,
organized society, and of whatever relates to as on the edge or surface of a part an emar- ;

its outward expression or manifestation. gination a shallow fissure. It is more than a

;

Christology naturally precedes ecclesiology in the order more depression, and less than a furcation or
of the system, as Ciirist precedes the church. forfieation.
Sucking-fish {Echeneis remora).
Schaf, Hist. Christ. Church, I. § 96. 6chauguette (F. pron. a-sho-get'), «• [P., a
It will furnish future writers in the history and eccle- watch-turret, < OF. eschauguette, eschalguette, nated disk or sucker, composed of numerous
siology of Ireland with a most valuable storehouse of in- oldest form eschargaite (ML. reflex, scaragu- transverse plates set obliquely upward and
formation. Athenceum.
ayta), orig. a company on guard, then a single backward, forming an adhesive surface by
2. The science of church architecture and dec- sentinel, then a sentry-box, watch-tutrret (cf. which the fish attaches itself to various objects,
oration. It treats of all the details of church furniture, Walloon scarwaiter, be on the watch), < OHG. as a larger fish, a ship's bottom, etc. The type is
ornament, and their symbolism, and is cultivated
etc.,
"skarwahta, MHG. scharwate (G. schartcache), < the common remora or sucking-fish, E. naucrates. By
especially by the High Church party in the Church of Eng- some it is extended to include all the species of the fam-
land. OHG. skara, MHG. 6. schar, a company, a di- and by others restricted to elongated slender species
vision or detail of an army, a crowd, + "walita,
ily,
Eastern Ecclesiology may be divided into two grand with numerous plates to the suckers, like E. naucrates.
branches, Byzantine and Armenian. MHG. waclite, G. wacht, a watch, > OF. waite, echeum (e-ke'um), n. ; pi. echea (-a). [L. echea,
J. M. Neale, Eastern Church, I. 169. guaite, E. wait: see wait.] bartizan. A < Gr. i/x^ia, pi. of i/x^'ov, a kind of loud kettle-
eccles-tree (ek'lz-tre), n. A
dialectal variant eche^t, «• a.nd pron. A
Middle English form of drum or gong, < f/xoc, vx'lt a sound, esp. a loud
of axletree. [Prov. Eng.] each. sound, roar, i/xci^', sound, ring: see echo.] In
Ecclus. An abbreviation of Ecclesiasticus. eche^t, V. t. An obsolete form of eke. arch., one of the sonorous bell-shaped vases of
eccopet (ek'o-pe), n. [NL., < Gr. ckkottti, a cut- eche^t, n. A
Middle English form of ache''-. bronze or clay which the ancients are said to
ting out, an incision, < itiK&irTnv, cut out, < t/c, eche*t, o- [ME., earlier ece, < AS. ece, everlast- have introduced in the construction of their
out, + KOTTTeiv, cut.] In surg., the act of cut- ing, eternal cf OS. ewig ; . =
OFries. ewich, Swig theaters to give greater power to the voices of
ting out ; excision specifically, a perpendicu- 1). eeuwig = =
OHG. ewic, MHG. ewie, ewec, G. the actors. See acoustic vessel, under acoustic.
;

lar division of the cranium by a cutting instru- ewig Dan. Sw. evig, =
everlasting, eternal, < Echeveria (ech-e-ve'ri-a), n. [NL., named af-
ment. =
OHG. ewa, etc., Goth, atxcs, an age, eternity: ter Echereri, a botanic artist.] A genus of suc-
see ayl, age, etern.] Everlasting; eternal. culent plants, natural order Crassulacew, chiefly
eccoprotict (ek-o-prot'ik), a. and n. [< NL.
eccoproticus, < Gr. ttmoTTpuTiKdg, < cKnoTrpovv (only Than like song that ever is eche. natives of Mexico. It is now included in the
in pass.), clear of dung, < in, out, + Koirpoq, Owl and Nightingale, 1. 742. genus Cotyledon.
dung.] I, a. Having the quality of promoting In helle heo schulle forbeme echiaster (ek-i-as't&r), n. [NL., prop, eehinas-
alvine discharges laxative ; loosening gently
;
;
On eche sorynesse. tcr (which is used in another application: see
cathartic. Old Eng. Miscellany (ed. Morris), p. 72. Echinaster), < Gr. ex'ivoQ, hedgehog, + acTijp, a
H. n. A
medicine which purges gently, or echelon (esh'e-lon), n. [< F. echelon (= Sp. es- star.] 1. A kind of stellate sponge-spicule.
which tends to promote evacuations by stool calon), a round of a ladder, a step, stepping- Sottas. 2. [cap.] genus of coleopterous — A
a laxative. stone, echelon, < echelle, OF. eschelle Pr. Sp. insects. Erichson. = '

Eccremocarpus (ek're-mo-kar'pus), n. [NL., Pg. escala =

It. scala, < L. scala, a ladder: see Echidna (e-kid'na). n. [NL., < L. echidna, < Gr.
< Gr. iKKpsfir/c, hanging from or upon (< eKKpc- scale'^.] A
step-like arrangement or order; ixi^va, an adder, viper, < Ix'i, ah ad^er, viper:
liaadat, hang from), -I- KapTrog, fruit.] A genus specifically, a military disposition of troops of seeEchis.] 1. In(<;JiWi.,agenus of anguilliform
of climbuig shrubs, natural order Bignonia- such a nature that each division, brigade, regi- fishes generally accounted a synonym of Murce- :
 Echidna 1831 echinococcus
no, Jbrster, 1778. [Not in use.] —
2. In Aerpet., with broad ambulacral spaces bearing tuber-
cles and spines, the latter mostly short and
a genus of reptiles used by Wagler and otners
:

for the genus of vipers ( Viperidw) called Bitis by pyriform, and oral branchiie; the typical sea-
Gray and Cope. Merrem, 1820. [Not in use.] urchins or sea-eggs. The genera are numerous,
— 3, In mammal. : (a) The tj7)ical genus of the such as Echimts, Echinothnx, Toxoptieustes, etc.
family Echidnid<e, containing the aeuleated ant- echinidan (e-kin'i-dan), n. sea-urchin ; one A
eater or spiny ant-eater of Australia and Tas- of the Echinidw.
mania, E. hystrix or aculeata, and another spe- echiniform (e-ki'ni-form), a. In entoni., same
cies, E. latcesi of New Guinea, together with a as echinoid.
-. [NL., < Gr. tx^-
fossil one, E. oweni. Tliey have 5 to«8 on each foot;
-^N
Echiniscus (ek-i-nis'kus), n.
the snout is straight and moderately developed. Tachy- TOf,a hedgehog, +
-iCKoq, dim. suffix.] ge- A
riiotaus is the same, and is tlie name properly to be used nus of bear-animalcules or water-bears, of the
for this genus according to zoological rules of nomen-
clature, the name Echidna having been preoccupied in
family Macrobiotidw : a synonym is Emydium.
another sense, though it has most currency in this sense. E. bellermanni is an example.
See Acanthoglogfui, ant-eater. Cueier, 1797. (&) [J, c.] echinital (e-kin'i-tal), a. [< echinite -al,'] +
A species of the genus Echidna or family Echid- Spiny Rat {EcJtt'mys cnyentunsis Pertaining to an echinite or fossil sea-urchin.
nidiE. The echidna resemliles a large hedgehog, except- echinite (e-ki'mt), n. [< Gr. ex'voc, a hedge-
ing that the spines are much longer, and the snout is long echint, »• [ME.,<L. ecftiniw; seeecA»nu«.] A hog, sea-urchin, + E. -ite^.l A
fossil sea-urchin.
and slender, with a small aperture at the end for the pro- sea-hedgehog ; a sea-urchin. Ecldnites are found in all fossiliferous strata,
trusion of the long, flexible, worm-like tongue. The ani- but are most abundant and best preserved in
mal is nocturnal, fossorial, and insectivorous, and catches Men knowen whiche strondes habounden
... moflt of
the Chalk. The term is an indefinite one,
insects with its long, sticky tongue, whence it is known as tendre flashes or of sharpe fisshes that hyxten echynnya.
these fossils being of various genera, as Go-
the porcupine ant-eater. The echidna is closely related to CAaucer, Boethius, p. 82.
niocidaris, Echinothuria, etc. The Paleozoic
the omithorhynchus, or duck-billed platypus, and, like it, [NL. (so called on echinites form an order Paltechinoidea, repre-
is oW parous.
Echinacea (ek-i-na'sf-a), n.
account of the long spinescent bracts of the sented by such genera as Pal<echinug, Eoci-
4. A genua of echinoderms. DeBUtinville, 1830. daris, etc. See cut xmder Echinothurixdae.
columnar receptacle), < Gr. f;i:(vof, a hedgehog,
Echidnse (e-kid'ne), n. pi. [NL., pi. of echidna, genus of coarse composite plants Echinobothrla
(e-ki-no-both'ri-a), n.
< L. echidna, an adder, viper: see Echidna.'] A -I- -acea.'] A pi. [NL. (Eudolphi), pi. of Echino-
of the prairies of North America, allied to Rud-
group of bombycid moths. Hiibner, 1816.
beckia, but with long rose-colored rays and
bothrium.'] group named for the A
Echionidae (e-kid'ni-de), ». pi. [NL., < Echid- cestoid worms. See Echinobothrium.
prickly-pointed chaff. There are two species, which
na + -iVte.] The family of monotrematous or- are occasionally cultivated. Their thick black roots liave
Echinobothrium (e-ki-no-both'ri-
nithodelphian or prototherian mammals con- a pungent taste, and are used in popular medicine under um), n. [NL., < Gr. «;f(wc, a hedge-
stituted by the genera Echidna (or Tachyglos- the name of btack-gatnpson. hog, +jiodpiov, dim. of Ii60po(, a pit,
tm) and Zaglosgus (or Acanthoglossui). They Echinarachnius (e-ki-na-rak'ni-us), n. [NL. trench.] A
genus of cestoid worms,
have, iu addition to the ordinal and superordlual cbarac- (Leske, 1778), < Gr. ix'voc, a hedgehog, sea- or tapeworms, of the family Diphylli-
urchin, -I- apaxvv, a spider.] A
^nus of flat, ir- dce, having on the head two fossettes
regular petalostichous sea-urchms, of the fam- with hooks. The separated proglottides
ily MellitidoB (or ScutelUdce), with no perfora- continue to live and $rrow for some time in-
tions or lunules. E. parma, of the Paciflc and Atlan- dependently. E. minimutn and E. typus are
examples. Also Echineibothriuin.
tic coasts of the United States, is known as the »and-doUar
or cake-urchin. B. excentrieus is the common cake-urchin Echinobrissidse (e-ld-no-bris'i-de), n.
of the Pacitlc coast. See cut MQdet cake-urchin. pi. [NL., < Echinobrissus + -ida;.~\
Echinaater (ek-i-nas'tfer), n. [NL., < Gr. exivoc, A family of irregular sea-urchins,
a hedgehog, sea-urchin, +
aari/p, a star.] A typified by the genus Echinobrissus.
genus of starfishes, of the family SoUutridce.' Echinobrissns (e-ki-no-bris'u8)j ^^
[NL., prop. * Eciiinobryssus, < Gr. exi-
voi, a hedgehog, sea-urchin, + jSpvaaoc, a kind
of sea-urchin.] The typical genus of the fam-
ily Echinobrisbidce.
Echinocactus (e-ki-no-kak'tus), n. [NL., < Gr.
ix'ifoi, a hedgehog,
ters which they share with Omithorhyrtehida, convoluted + cactus.]
KcucToc,
cerebral hemispheres, perforated acetabulum, as In birds, A genus of cactace-
the facial region of the skull produced into a long, slen- ous plants, globose
der rostrum with the nostrils at its end, stylifomi mandib- or oval, and some-
ular rami, vermiform prfjtniaile tongue, no true teeth,
feet not webbed, but furnished with long claws, and no times gigantic,
tibial spur. The family is properly ctdleilTaehygltMtida. strongly ribbed, or
Echidnina (ek-id-m'nS), «. pi. [NL., < Echid- with tubercles in
rui + -ina^.} A group of mammals represented vertical or spiral
bv Echidna. Bonaparte, 1837. rows. They are armed
with clusters of short
ecoidnlne (e-kid'nin), n. [< L. echidna, viper,
spines, at the base of
+ Serpent-poison; the secretion from
-ine-.] which, upon the younger
the poison-glands of the viper and other ser- parts of the plant, are
pents. Echidnine Is a clear, viscid, neutral, yellowish Dome the large and Echinocactus viridtscens.
fluid, containing albumin, mncus, fatty matter, a yellow showy flowers. Over 200
coloring principle, and, among it* salts, pliaaphates and SeM^master teMttu, species have l)een described, mostly ^lexican, with a con-
chlorida. Associated with the albamin Is a peculiar ni- siderable number within the limits of the United States.
trogenoaa body, to which the name eekidmne is more a West Indian Echinocardiom (e-ki-no-kar'di-um), n. [NL.,
S. mpoiUtu If an example. E. tenlut Is
particnlailj applied. The poison-bag of a viper seldom
contains more than 2 grains of the poisonous liquid ; ^^
species, extending northward on the Atlantic coast of the < Gr. £;tivof, a hedgehog, -t- Kapdia =
E. heart.]
of a grain is snIBcient to kill a small bird.
United States, having the spines sheathed in membrane
an<t occurring only at the angles of the calcareous plates
A genus of spatangoid
[NL., < Echi- sea-urchins, or heart-ur-
Echimyidie (ek-i-mi'i-de), n. pi. of the upprr .-urfaVe. CritteUa is a synonym.
mys + -iVte.] A family of hystricomorphio ro- EchinasteridsB (e-ld-nas-ter'i-de), n. pi. [NLv chins, of the family Spa-
dents, taking name from the genus Echimys. < Echinaster + A
family of starfishes
-id<B.] tangidw. E. cordatum
Also Echinomyida;. with two rows of tube-feet, a skeletal frame of occurs on both coasts
[NL., < Echi- lengthened ossicles, and spines on those of the of the Atlantic. Leske,
EchlmyinSB (e-M-mi-I'ne), H. pi.
mys + A
subfamily of hystricomorphio
-in(P.] dorsal surface a synonym of Solastrida:.
:
1778. Also called Am-
phidotus.
rodents, of the family Octodontida, related to echinate (ek'i-nat), a. [< L. echinatus, set with
the porcupines ; the hedgehog-rats, it is a large prickles, prickly, < ec/«»nM», a hedgehog: see echi- echinochrome (e-ki'no-
group of numerous genera, dilTering much in external nus.] Spiny, like a hedgehog; bristling with krom), n. [< Gr. ex'^'V,
form and aspect The African gronnd-pig, Aulacodut sharp points ; bristlv. AnrcAina(<>ur/aceisone thick- a hedgehog, sea-urchin,
rwindtriamu, belongs to this sobnmQy, as do the West
Indian genera Capromiif and Plagiodan. (See cut under
ly covered with sharp elevations like spines bristling, and
EchinocardiutH cordatum.
+ xp<->l"^t color.] See the
Isto be distinguished from a muriealt tur/ace, in which extract.
Auiaeodut.} AH thereat of the genera are South Amer-
the elevations are scattered, lower, and not so acute.
ican. Of these the ooypon, Myopotamut eoyput, is the
best-known form, though not a typical one. (See cut echinated (ek'i-na-ted), a. [< echinate -erf2.] + Dr. C. A. MacMunn describes the spectroscopic or chemi-
cal characters of the blood of various worms and mollusks.
under coypou.) The most repreaentaUTe genera are Echi- Keudered prickly or bristly. One of the most interesting pigments which he has de-
myi and Lonche ret, or the spuv rata proper, of which there Fibre echinated by laterally projecting spicules. tected is that which he CJills crAiHooArom^, . . . obtained
are a dozen or more species, narlog prickles In the fur. Lendenfeid. from the perivi^jceral cavity of .Strongylocentrotus lividua.
Ceremim, Dactyiomyi, and ITssoniHt are other examples Jour. Hoy. Micron. Soc., 2d ser., VI. I. 48.
witboaimtnea. OarfsrafonUafoasugeniiafromthebone- Echini (e-ki'ni), «. pi. [L., pi. of echinus, a
caveaofnadL Also written EchimySta, Eehimyna, Echi- hedgehog, sea-urchin : eee echinus.] 1. InCu- echinococci. n. Plural of echinococcus.
mt/dina, and, more correctly, Eehinomyinae.
viers system of classification, the second fam- EchinOCOCCifer (e-ki-no-kok'si-f6r), n. [NL., <
Echimyna (ek-i-mi'n|i), n. pi. [NL., < Eckimys ily of pedicellate echinoderms, containing the echinococcus -¥ h. ferret E. 6earl.] A genus of
-(--(/)«'/.] Same
as AcMmmiUE. sea-urchins equivalent to several modem fam- tapeworms, in which, in the hydatid state, the
:

Echimys [XL., oontr. of Echi-

(e-ki'mis), n.
iKiiHi/n, lit. 'hedge-rat' (so called from the fact
that the pelage is bristly or mixed with flattened
spines), < Gr. f;ti»>of, a hedgehog, -f- /ivc E.
moMte.} The typical genus of the subfamily
StMmyinte; the spiny rats proper. All the species
are South American; E. eayennemis is the best-known.
Otofroy, 1800. Also written Echymy; and properly £cAi-
ilies, or to the whole of the order or class Echi- tienia-hcads bud in special brood-capsules in
noidea. —
2. tl. c] Plural of cf«i«««. such a way that their invagination is turned
echinid (ek'i-nid), n. One of the Echinidw. toward the lumen of the vesicle, as in the
= Echinida (e-kin'i-dS), n. pi. Same as Echinidce. echinococcus of Ttenia echinococcus. Claus.
Echinidse (e-kin'i-d'e), n. pi. [NL., < Echinus echinococcus (e-ki-no-kok'us), n. ; pi. echino-
+ -idtr.] A family of regular desmostichous or cocci (-si). [NL., < (jr. ix'"^, a hedgehog, +
endocyelic sea-urchins, of the order Endocyclica KoKKOf, & berry: see cocctis.] Tmnia echinococ-
and class Echinoidea, having a thin round shell cus in its larval (scolex) stage, which forms
 : ;;

echinococcos 1832 Echinoneus

the so-called hydatids occurring in the liver, Echinodermaria (e-ld^''no-der-ma'ri-n), n. pi.
lirain, etc., of man and other animals; the [NL., as Echinoderwa + -aria.'] A group of
hydatid form of the wandered seolex of Taenia echinodenns. De BlainviJle^ 1830,
cchinococcusy having deutoscolices or daughter- Echinodermata (e-ki-no-d6r'ma-ta), n. pi.
cysts formed by gemmation. This hydatid is that [NL., neut. pi. of cchino'dermatus: see echino-
oi the tapeworm of the dog, having several t^cuia-heads dermatous.'] A phylum or subkingdom of meta-
in the cyst; it may iKcur in man, commonly in the liver, zoic autmals; the echinodenns. They represent
giving rise to very serious disease. The word was origi-
one of the most distinct types of the animal kingdom,
nally a gemis name, given by Rudolphi before the relation-
agreeing with coelenterates in having a radiate or actino-
ship to Tivnia was known; it is nuw nsed as the name of
meric arrangement of parts, usually pentamerous or by
the larval stage of the tapeworm wlmse specitio name is
fives or tens, a digestive canal, a water- vascular or ambu-
the same. See cut under Tcenia. lacral apparatus, a true blood-vascular system, and the in-
In Echinoeoeeus the structure of the cystic worm is tegument indurated by calcareous deposits, as either gi-an-
. .complicated by its proliferation, the result of which
. ult's, spicules, or hard plates forming a shell. The ali-
is the formation of many bladder-worms, inclosed one mentary canal is distinct from the general body-cavity
within the other, and contained in a strong laminated sac there is a deuterostomatous oral orifice or moutli, and
or cyst, apparently of a chitinons nature, secreted by the usually an anus. The sexes are mostly distinct. The spe-
parasite. Hrixley, Anat. Invert., p. 186. cies undergo metamorphosis ; the free-swimming ciliated
embryo is known as a pluteus, in some cases as an echi-
Echinoconidse (e-ki-no-kon'i-de), n. fh [NL., nopaedinm (see cut under echinopcedium) ; the adult form
< Echinoconus + -idw,] A family of i<)ssil reg- is usually assumed by a complicated kind of secondary
Diagram of an Echinus (stripped of its spines),
ular sea-urchins. development from the larval form, which is mostly bilat-
\ eral. J'he Echinodermata were so named by Klein in 1734, a, mouth; a',K"bet; d, teeth ; c. lips; rf.aiveoli; «, falces; ^,/;
Echinoconus [NL., < Gr.
(e-ki-no-ko'nus), «.
and in Cuvier's system were the fii-st class of his liadiata
auricularise ; jf, retractor, and A, protractor, muscles of Aristotle's lan-
tern ; I, madreporic canal ; A, circular ambulacral vessel ; /, Polian
f;^'ij'Of, a hedgehog, H- Kwrof, a cone: see coae.^
'"
they are still sometimes reduced to a class with the Ccelen- vesicle; fn, n, o, o, ambulacral vessels; P, p. pedal vesicles; q, q,
The typical genus of Eckinoconidw. Breyn, terata. As a subkingdom they are divisible into four pedicels »•,
; r, spines ; s^ tubercle ; j', tubercle to which a spine is
articulated ; pedicellariae ; », anus ; "v, madreporic tubercle ; x,
Ecllinocoridffi (e-ki-no-kor'i-de), «. 7?/. [NL., classes: Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Asteroidea, and Ilolothu- /, /,
ocular spot.
rioidea, or the crinoids, sea-urchins, starfishes, and sea-
< Echinocorus 4- -ute.] A
family of irregular
cue imbers. As a class they are sometimes divided direct-
sea-urchins, chiefly of the Cretaceous formation. ly info seven orders Echinoidea (sea-urchins), Asteroidea
: Echinolampadidae (e-ki"no-lam-pad'i-de), «.
Echinocorus (ek-i-nok'o-rus), n, [NL., < Gr. (starh^hes), Ophiuroidea (sand-stars and brittle-stars), pi. [NL., < Jichiiiolamjjas (-pad-) + -idw.'] A
€xiv<K, a hedgehog, sea-urchin, + (?) Kopi^j a Crinoidci (feather-stars), Cysfoidea (extinct), Blastoidea family of irregular sea-urehins. See Cassidur-
(extinct), -ind Holothnrioidea (sea-cucumbers). All are
bug.] The typical genus of Echinocoridw, marine. Aiao Echinoderma. Udw^. Also Ecliinolampidw.
Schroter,
The organization of the Echinodermata
does in fact ap-
Echinolampas (e-ld-no-lam'pas), n. [NL., also
Echinocrepis [NL., < Gr.
(e-ki-no-kre'pis), «, Echinolampus ; < Gr. cxlvoi;, a hedgehog, sea-
pear so different from that of the coelenterates, and seems
txn'o^^ a hedgehog, sea-urchin, + Kpijizi^^ a boot.] to belong to a so much higher grade of development, that urchin, + /'.(j/iTTi?, ?.afiTTd( (-7ra(!-), a torch: seo
A genus of spatangoid sea-urchins, or heart- the combination of the two groups as Radiata is inadmis- lamp.'i A
genus of irregular sea-urehins, of the
urchins, of the fanuly Spatangidw, of a trian- sible, and so much the piore so since the radial arrange- family Cassidididw, or giving name to a family
ment of the structure exhibits some transitions towards a
gular form, with the anal system on the lower bilateral symmetry. Tlie Echinodermata are separated Ecliiiiolampadidw.
or actinal surface. E. cuneata is a deep-sea from tlie Ccelenterata by the possession of a separate ali- Echinometra (e-ki-no-met'ra), V. [NL., < Gr.
form of southern seas. AgassiZj 1879. mentary canal and vascular systein, and also by a number iximiiijrpa, the largest kincl of sea-urchin, <
organization and of develop-
Echinocystis (e-ki-no-sis'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. of peculiar features both ofClaxis, Zoology (trans.), I. 267. ix^'>'<K, a hedgehog, sea-urchin, jJ-^pa, womb.3 +
ment.
kxi^o^i a hedgehog, + Kvaucj a bladder see cysf] :

A cucurbit ace ous genus of plants of the eastern echinodermatous (e-k!-no-d6r'ma-tus), a. [<
United States, of a single annual species, E, NL. echinodermatus^ < Gr. ex'^^o^y a hedgehog,
lohata. It has numerous white flowers, and an oval, sea-urchin, + (Jf/3//a(r-), skin.] Having a spicu-
prickly fruit, which becomes dry and bladdery, and opens late or indurated skin specifically, of or per-
;

at the top for the discharge of the seeds. It is frequently taining to the echinoderms or Echinodermata.
cultivated for ornament, and is known as the wild balsam-
apple. By some authorities the genus is extended to in- Also echinodermal.
clude Menarrhiza and other western and Mexican species. Echinodes (ek-i-no'dez), n. [NL. (Le Conte,
Echinoderes (ek-i-nod'e-rez), n, [NL., < Gr. 1869), < Gr. e;t'p(5(5^f, like a hedgehog, prickly, <
fj^fvof, a hedgehog, + 6ep7j^ neck.] A
singu- k-x'ivoq^ a hedgehog, sea-urchin, +
eido^, form.]
lar genus of minute worm-like animals of un- 1. In entom.f a genus of beetles, of the family
certain position, supposed to be intermediate HisteridcB, with two North American species, E.
in some respects between the wheel-animal- setiger and E. decipiens. 2. — A
genus of insec-
cules and the crustaceans. The rounded head is tivorous mammals: same as Hmnicentetcs.
furnished with recurved hooks, and is succeeded by 10 Echinoglossa (e-ki-no-glos'a), n. pi. [NL., < Echiitfimetra oblongata, with spines in part removed to show the
or 11 distinct segments, the last of which is bifurcated; Gr. cx'Wf, a hedgehog, + yXwffffa, the tongue.] plates of the test.
A grade or series of Mollusca, represented by the
gastropods, eephalopods, pteropods, and scaph- The typical genus of regular sea-urchins of
opods, as collectively distinguished from the the family Echinometridce. E. oblongata is an
Lipoglossa (which see) alone, in E. R. Lankesters example.
arrangement of Mollusca, the Echinoglmsa are d ivided into Ecllinoinetridae (e-ki-no-met'ri-de), n. pi.
three classes Gastropoda, Cephalopoda (including Ptero-
:

poda), and Scaphopoda. Odontophora is a synonym.

[NL., < Eciiinometra -i- -idw.'] family of reg- A
ular desmostichous or endocyelieal sea-urchins,
Echincderes ditj'ardini, greatly enlarged. echinoglossal (e-ki-no-glos'al), a. and n. [<
of the order Endocyclica or Cidaridea, having
Echinoglossa +
-aL] t, a. Pertaining to or hav-
a long oval shell, imperforate tubercles, oral
the segments bear paired sette ; there are no limbs, and ing the characters of the Echinoglossa.
franchise, and ambulacral areas in arcs of more
the nervous system appears to be rei)resented by a sin-
gle cephalic ganglion and eye-spots are present. It is the
;
II, n. A
member of the Echinoglossa. than three pairs of pores. Echinometra and
typical genus of the family Echinotleridce. E. dujardini ecMnoid (e-ki'noid), a. and n. [< Gr. kx'i-^o^, a
Podophora are the leading genera.
is an example. It is a small marine worm, scarcely half hedgehog, sea-urchin, +
eMof form. Cf Echi-
, .
(e-ki-no-mi'i-il), n. [NL. (Dum^ril,
a millimeter long, with a distinct retractile head, caudal nodes.'] I. a, 1. Having the form or appearance Echinomyia
setje. and ten rings of setfc along the body, giving an ap-
in entomology, applied to cer-
1806), < Gr. cx'^og, a hedgehog, livla, a fly.] +
pearaiiL-e of si-triiientation.
of a sea-urchin :
A
genus of flies, of the family Tacliinidw, com-
tain insect-eggs which are shaped like an echi-
Echinoderidse (e-ki-no-der'i-de), n, pL [NL., prising large bristly species of a black or black-
< Echinoderes +
-idxe.'] A —
family of animal- nus, and covered with crowded deei> pits. 2. ish-gray color, usually with reddish-yellow
cules, by some considered related to the roti-
Pertaining to the Echinoidea.
sides of the abdomen or with glistening white
fers, based upon the genus Echinoderes. It is II, «. In jo67., one of the Echinoidea. bands. Among them are the largest European flies of
often located with the gastrotrichous worms. The spheroidal echinoids, in reality, depart further from the family Mxiscidm in a liroatl sense, hut none have yet
the general plan and from tlie embryonic form than the heon found in America. They are parasitic upon cater-
EchinodeHdcB, which Dujardin and Greef regarded as elongated spatangoids do. JIuxley, Lay Sermons, p. 223. Also Echinomya.
liillars.
connecting links between Vermes and Arthropoda.
Claits, Zoology (trans.), I. 404. Echinoidea (ek-i-noi'de-a), n. pi. [NL., < Echi- Echinomyidse (e-ki-no-mi'i-de), n. pi. [NL.,
ecliinoderm (e-kl'no-d^rm), a, and «. [< Echi- nus +
-oidea.] A
class of the phylum or sub- < Eclunomys -ida;.'] +Same as Eclnmyida;.
'

noderma.'] I,* a. itaving a prickly covering; kingdom Echinodermata; the sea-urchins or Echinomyinae (e-ki"no-mi-i'ne), n. pi. [NL.,
echinodermatous. sea-eggs. They have a rounded, depressed (not elongat- < Ectiinomys -ina;.'\ +Same as Ecliimyiiiw.
'

ed) form, subspherical, cordiform, or discoid, inclosed in Echinomys (e-kl'no-mis), n. [NL., < Gr. ix''i'oc,
H. n. Any one of the Echinodermata. =
All echinodenns have a calcareous skeleton, and many
a test or shell composed of many calcareous plates closely
and usually immovably connected, studded with tubercles
a hedgehog, nvc +
I-!, mouse.'] Same as Echi-
are provided with movable spines. A characteristic ap- and bearing movable spines, and perforated in some places mys. h'afliier, 1840.
paratus of vessels, termed the ambulacral or water-vascu- for the emission of tube-feet; an oral and anal orifice Ecmnoneidse (e-ki-no-ne'i-de), n. pi. [NL., <
lar system, is present. It is composed of a ring round the always present, a convoluted intestine, a water-vascular Echinoneus -id(r.] + A
family of irregular sea-
pharnyx, from which proceed a number of radiating, ca- system, a blood- vascular system, and sometimes respira- Also
urchins, typified by the genus Echinoneus.
nals, commonly giving off csDcal appendages (Polian vesi- tory as well as ambulatory appendages. The perforated
cles), as well as branches which enter the retractile tube- plates are the ambulacra, alternating with imperfoi*ate in- written Echinonidw and Echinoneides.
feet, often furnished with a terminal disk or sucker, which terambulacral plates there are usually five pairs of each. Echinonemata (e-kl-no-ne'ma-tft), n.pl.
;
[NTj.,
with the spines are the organs of locomotion. The madre- The anus is dorsal or superior, the mouth ventral or infe- < Gr. ex'^og, s, hedgehog, +
v^fia, pi. vljfiaTa, a
with rior; the latter in many forms has a complicated internal
poric canal connects the i)haryngeal ring
rior.
the exte-
Pascoe, Zool. Class., p. 40. skeleton. The general an*angenient of parts is radiate or
thread, < vffj, spin.] A
subordinal or other
actinomeric, with meridional divisions of parts hut bilater- group of cer'atosilicious sponges, having spic-
Ecliinodenna (e-ld-no-d6r'ma), n. pi. [NL. ;

ality is recognizable in many adults, and perfectly expressed ules of two or more kinds, there l)eing smooth,
see Echinodermata.'] Same as Echinodermata. in the larval forms. The Echinoidea are divisible into He- double-pointed ones in the eei'atode, and rough,
Owen. gularia, Desmosticha, or Endocyclica. containing the ordi-
single-pointed ones standing partly exposed.
nary synmietricallyglobose forms, asCidaris, Echinus, and
ecMnodermal Ce-ld-no-d6r'mal), a. [< echino-
EchinotnHra ; and the h-regularia, Pcfalosticha, or Exocy- Echinoneus (ek-i-no'ne-us), n. [NL. < Gr. ixl- ,

derm + -«?.] Same as echinodermatous. clica, containiTig the cake-urchins and heart-urchins, or vog, a hedgehog, sea-urchin, -f- vioc E. neui.] =
The harder, spine-clad or echinodermal
species perplex
the most patient and persevering dissecitor by the extreme
the clypeastroids and spatangoids (respectively sometimes
erected into the ordei-s Clypeastrida and Spatangida) ; to-
A genus of irregular sea-urchins, of j:he family
complexity and diversity of their constituent parts. gether with the Paleozoic echinoids, which in some systems
Cassidulido!, or giving name to a family Echino-
Owen, Anat., x. constitute a third order, Palcechinoidea. Also Echinoida. neidce.
 ; ;

echinop»dia 1833 6chiauet6

echinopsdia, ». Plural of cchinopcedium. remarkable for having its one-flovr-
like habit, resemblance to the Asterida. The genera Echi-
eclunopaedic (e-ki-no-pe'dik), a. [< echinopa:- ered heads crowded in dense terminal clusters nothuria, Calveria, and Fhormosoma are exam-
(Uiiiii + -ic] Of or' pertaining to the echino- resembling the ordinary flower-head of the or- ples.
psedium of an eehinoderm auricularian. See ; der. There are al)out 75 species, natives of the Mediter- Echinothuriidae (o-ki"no-thu-ri'i-de), n.pl.
MolothurioifUd. ranean region and eastward, mostly perennials. A few [NL., < Echino-
echinopsdlum (e-ki-no-pe'di-um), n. pi. echi- ;
species are occ.tsionally cultivated for ornament, and are
known
thuria + -ida;.]
nopmUa (-a). [NL., < Gr. ixivo^, a hedgehog, 2.
as glohe-thistles.
A genus of Madagasoan insectivorous mam- A family of reg-
4- :ra«S(Oi', "dim. of r-oif (naii-), a child.] The ular endocycli-
mals, of the family Centetidw, containing the
early larval stage of an eehinoderm a name cal or desmos-
:
sokinali, E. tclfairi. Martin, 1838.
tichous sea-ur-
Echinoptilidae (e-ki-nop-tiri-de), n.pl. [NL., chins, having
< Echinoptilum +
-idee.'] A
family of pennatu-
the plates of
lid polj-ps, of the section Junciformcs, typified
the shell over-
by the genus Echinoptilum, having no axis.
lapping or mov-
Eclunoptilum (ek-i-nop'ti-lum), n. [NL., < Gr. ably connected
cxivog, a hedgehog, +
tttIaov, a feather, wing.]
by soft parts,
The typical genus of Echinoptilidec. The type Fragment of a Fossil Echinus
as in the gen-
is E. macintoshii of Japan. (Echinothuriajtoris).
eiaAsthenosoma
echinorMnid (e-ld-no-rin'id), n. A shark of
and Fhormosoma. Also written Echinothuridw.
the family Echinorhinid(e.
[NL., < Gr.
Echinorhinidae (e-ki-no-rin'i-de), n. pi. [NL., Echinozoa
(e-ki-no-zo'a), «. pi.
ix'vo^, a hedgehog, + i<i>ov, pi. C<!>a, an animal.]
< Echinorhinus + -id(e.] A family of sharks,
represented by the genus Echinorhinus. The Allman's
name of the series of animals which
body is very stout and surmounted by scattered thom-lilce Huxley called Annuloida,
Diagram of Echinopsedia, much enlarged. tubercles, the anal tin wanting, and the first dorsal rather echinulate (e-kin'u-lat), a. [< NL. *echinulus,
A. coauaoa primitive formof BfAinadfrmara, whence B,B',A veniii-
nearer tlie pectoral than the ventral fins. Also called dim. of L. echinus, a, hedgehog, + -otel.] Hav-
fonn bolotliurid. and C, C
, a pluteiform ophiurid or echinid (pluteus)
EchiivjrhirU'idtF.
ing small prickles ; minutely prickly or spiny.
larva are derived: a, mouth; *. stomach; c, intestine; rf, anus; e, echinorhinoid (e-ld-no-ri'noid), a. and n. [<
ciliated band. echinus (e-ki'nus), n. ; pi. echitti (-ni). [L., < Gr.
Echinorhinus +
-oid.]' I. a. Of or relating to
f;f(vof, the hedgehog, urchin, prop, ix'vog x/P-
given by Huxley to the primitive generalized the Echinorhinidce. aaioq, land-urchin, as distinguished from cxi""^
type-form of the Echinodermata, illustrated by n. n. An echinorhinid.
the bilaterally symmetrical embryonic stage of Echinorhinus (e-ki-no-ri'nus), «. [NL., < Gr.
fft/aj-foc, the sea-urchin =
Lith. ezys
; OBulg. =
nearly all members of that class. See the ex- ix^'"K, a hedgehog, -1- pivii^, skin, hide.] A
jezi = =
AS. igil, and eontr. »7 D. egel OHG. igil, =
=
MHG. G. igel MLG. LG. egel Icel. igull, a. =
tract. genus of selachians, or sharks, typical of the hedgehog.] 1. A
hedgehog. 2. — A
sea-urchin.
In many Echlnoderms, the radial symmetry, even In
the adult, is more apparent than real, inasmuch as a me-
— 3. [cap.] [NL.] A Linnean genus (1735),
dian plane can be found, the parts on each side of wtiich formerly used with great latitude, now the typi-
are disposed symmetrically in relation to that plane. cal genus of the family Echinida; containing
With a few exceptions, the embryo leaves the e)ot as such sea-urchins or sea-eggs as E. sphara, the
a bilaterally symmetrical larva, provided with ciliated
iMinds, and otherwise similar to a worm-larva, which may common British species, or the Mediterranean
be termed an Echinopadium. The conversion of the E. eseulentus, which is extensively used for food,
K'-hiwf'Pdium into an Eehinoderm is effected by the de- the ovaries being
\L-lii)(ni' lit of an enteroccele, and Its conversion into the
Spinous Sharlc {BcktHorhinut spimcsus), eaten. The genus may
ptritont;il cavity and the arabulacral system of veins and
be taken to exemplify
nerves, and by Uie metamorphosis of the mesotlerm into family Echinorhinidw : so called because the tu- not only the family to
ndially.dlsposed antimeres, the result of which is the
more or less complete obliteration of the primitive bilat- bercles which stud the skin bear spines ; these, which it pertains, bnt
when detached, leave a scar. E. spinosus is the the whole order of reg-
eral symmetry of the animal.
HuxUy, Anat Invert., p. 4fl6. ular sea-eggs, and the
spinous shark of European, African, and Ameri- class of sea-urchins it-
=8]m. Echin>p<tdium, Pluletu. Echinopadium Is the can waters. self. The shape is de-
more Keneral term, used by Its proposer to cover any em- Echinorhynchids (o-ki-no-ring'ki-de), n. pi. pressed-glolMjse, with
br>-onic or larval sta^e of any eehinoderm from the gas-
trula stage to the assumption of its specific characters. A
[NL., < Echinorhynchus +' -idiE.] The typical centric mouth and
anus ; the shell or test
plutnu is a specbkl plnteitorni larva of some echlnoderms, and only family of nematelminth parasitic is hard, immovable, me*
as the holothurians, ophiurians, and echinlds pro^r. worms of the order Acanthocephala (which see ), ridionally divided into
Sea-urchin l,HcfiiHus fsculentus).
echinoplacld (e-ki-no-plas'id), a. [< Gr. txlvof, having the sexes distinct, no oral orifice or ali- five pairs of imperforate
Left side in natural state right side
:

a hiil>;chog, -I- r/dj (jt/mk-), anything flat, a
Having a circlet of spines
plate, etc., -f- -id^.']
on the madreporic plat e,
as a starfish: opposed
to anerhiiioplacid,
f
Echinopora (ek-i-nop'6-
rii), ». INL., < Gr. ix'-
vijf , a he<^hog, + v6poc,
a passage: see pore.']
The typical genns of
stone-corals of the fam-
FchiH9f«ra r»sftla. ily Eehinoporidce. La-
marck.
mentary canal, and the head consisting of a
protnisile proboscis armed with hooks, whence
the name. They are formidable, worm-like internal
parasites, with greirarina-like embryos, becoming encyst-
ed like cestoid worms. Besides Echinorhynchru, tlio
family contains the gentia CoUopg. The species are nu-
merous.
Echinorhynchus (e-ki-no-ring'kus), n. [NL.,
< Gr. ixn<K, a heilgehog, -t- piyx"^, snout.] The
typical genus of the family EchinorhynchidtB.
tiee cut tinder Acanthocephala.
The numerous species of the genus Echinorhynehvt live
principally in the alimentary canal of ditterent vertebrata
the gut-wall may tie aa it were sown witli these animals.
alternating with five with the spines removed, showmg the
flairs of perforate jilates, bare plates.
he plates studded with
tubercles, and in life bearing movable spines. The per-
forate plates are the ambulacra, emitting the tube-feet.
The mouth has a complicated system of plates, constittiting
the object known, when detached, as Aristotle's lantern
(which see, under lantern). A sea-urchin is comparable
to a starfish with the five arms bent upward and their
entls brought together in the center over the back of the
aiiiinal, and then soldered to^'ether throughout, with the
mollification of internal structure which such an arrange-
ment of the parts would necessarily entail.
4. In arch., the convex projecting molding
of eccentric curve in Greek examples, support-
ing the abacus of the Doric capital hence, the ;

Echinoporldae (e-ki-no-por'i-de), «. pi. [NL., Ctaut, Zoology (trans.), I. 302.

< Kchinojiora +
-idee.] family of stone- A In their sexual state, the parasites which constitute the
corals, of the order Sclerodermata, typified by Kenus Echinorhimehua inhabit the various classes of the
Vertebrata, while they are found in the Invertehrata only
the genu.s Kchinopora. in a sexless condition. lluxletj, Anat. Invert., p. 553.
Echinoprocta (e-ki-no-prok'tft), n. pfL., fern.
of erh iiii/iriKUus : see 'echinopri>ctous.i
I A genus Echinosoma (e-kl-no-so'mn), n. [NL., < Gr.
^X'^^i * hedgehog, sea-urchin, -t- aijfja, body.]
of porcujiines:
same as Krcthi-
1 . A
genus of apneumonous holothurians, of the
family OncinoUihidfP, having filiform tentacles
zon. J. E. Gray,
186.5.
and five rows of tube-feet. 2. In entom.: (a) —
ecMnoproctous
A genus of earwigs, of the family ForficuUdw.
(e-ki-uo-prok'-
Serville, 1838. (6) A
genus of weevils, of the
family Curculionidce, containing one Madeiran
tus), a.' [< NL. WoUaston, 1854.
species, E. porcelliis.
eehinof>ro€tu.i, <
Echinostomata (e-ki-no-sto'ma-ta), n.pl. [NL.,
fir. f yivor, a < Gr. '^hoc, a hedgehog, +
076/10(7-), mouth.]
A group of VcrmcK. Eudolphi. A CapiUI of the Parthenon.— E, Echinus.
the
Ecmnostrobus (ek-i-nos'tro-bus), n. [NL., <
rump.] Having Gr. f;fi>of, a hedgehog, +
oTpdfio^, a twisting, < corresponding feature in capitals of other or-
aspinyorprick- CTpiifetir, turn.] A
fossil genus of conifers, insti- ders, or any molding of similar profile to the
ly rump: spe- allied to Thuya Doric echinus. Such moldings are often sculp-
tuted by Schimpcr, and closely
cifically applied
(which see), and also resembling Arthrotaxis in tured or painted with the egg-and-dart orna-
to porcupines ment.
its foliation. They occur in the lithographic stones(Ju-
of the genus rasslc) of Solenhofen in bavaria, and iu other localities of In this instance the abacus is separated from the shaft
Echinoprocta or Jurassic rocks in Europe. there is a bold echinus and a beaded necking in fact, all ;

Krf'lhi::'>n. Echinothuria (e-ki-no-thu'ri-a), «. [NL., < the members of the Grecian order, only wanting the ele-
Echiiiops(f-ki'- Gr. » ififof, a
hedgehog, +
Bipiov, dim. of Oipa gance wliich the Greeks added to it.
J. Ferr/ugKon, Hist. Arch., I. 342, note.
nops), n. [NL., = E. door.] A
fossil genus of regular sea-
< Gr. ixivoi, a urcliins, giving name to a family Echinothuriidw. 6chiciuet6 (a-8he-k6-ta'), a. [F., formerly csc/ij-
hedgehog, + Echinothurida (e-ki-n6-thii'ri-<la), n.pl. [NL., (juetc, formed (with prefix cs-, 6- (< L. ex-), out,
ity),face.] l.A < Ech inothu rin +
-ida ] In Gegenbaur's system off, instead of des-, de-, d4- (< L. dt-), of, ofl')
.

genus of cyna- of classification, a subordinal group of desinos- from ddchiquete, pp. of dechiqucter, divide into
roid Comriosita: tichous Echinoidea, having a movable dermal checks, under influence of echiquier, a checker-
with a thistle- ScMmtfa Umlunlciu. skeleton and presenting some other points of board: see chcch^. The regular OF. form is

6chiqnet€
escheque : see ehecly.'] In her., same as cheeky.
Also written echiquette.
Echis (ek'is), H. [NL., < Gr. e;r(f, an adder, vi-
per, akin to L. anguis, a snake : see Anguis and
anger'^.'] A
genus of Indian vipers, of the fam-
ily Viperidw, including venomous soleuoglypU
forms of small size, having fewer ventral scutes
than the African \-ipers, simple subcaudal
scutes, imbricated carinate scales on the head,
in two rows between the eyes and the labial
plates, and small nostrils in a large divided
nasal plate. E. carinata is a common species,
20 incnes or less in length. Metrem, 1820.
Called Toxicoa bj; Gray.
Echitoniiun (ek-i-to'ni-um), w. [NL., < L.
echite, a kind of clematis; or < L. echitis, Gr.
CX''"K> * kind of stone < Gr. ixic, an adder, vi-
;
per: see Echi^.'] A
genus of fossil plants, in-
stituted by linger. The genus is phanerogamous, and
issaid by Schiniper to be analogous to Echites of Linnaeus,
an intertropical boraginaceous genusof plants occurring in
Asia and America. They are found in various localities in
central Europe in the Tertiary.
Echiuin (ek'i-um), M. [NL., < Gr. f;c<ov,
{Echium rubrum), < ex'C, a viper: see Echis.}
A genus of boraginaceous plants, tall hairy
herbs or somewhat shrubby, natives of the old
world. There are alKiut 50 species, chiefly of the Medi-
terranean region and South Africa, of which the conuuon
viper's-bugloss, or blueweed, E. vultjare, with showy blue
flowers, h-os become naturalized in some parts of the
United States.
Echiuridae (ek-i-ii'ri-de), n. j)l. [NL., < Echiii-
rus + -idw.'i The leading family of Echiuroi-
dea or chsetiferous gephyreans, having the oral
end of the body produced into a grooved pro-
boscis, containing the long esophageal com-
missures which meet in front without gangli-
onic enlargement, and having on the ventral
side two hooked setas anteriorly, with some-
times circles of setSB posteriorly, the mouth be-
low the proboscis at its base, and the anus ter-
minal. The leading genera are Echiurus, Boiiellia, and
Thalassejna. The Echiuridoe are made by Lankester a
class of the animal kingdom under the phylum Gepkyrea.
echiuroid (ek-i-ii'roid), a. and n. [< Echiurus
+ -oid.'] I. a. Chsetiferous, as a gephyrean;
of or pertaining to the Echiuroidea.
II. II. A member of the Echiuroidea.
Echiuroidea (ek'i-u-roi'de-a), n. pi. [NL., <
Echiurus + -oidea.'\ An order of Gephyrea,
the chsetiferous gephyreans. They have a terminal
anus, and a mouth at the base of a preoral proboscis. The
group contains the families Echiuridce and Sternagpidce,
and is equivalent to a gephyrean order Choetifera.
The Echiuroidea or chsetiferous gephyrea present no
external segmentation of their elongated and contractile
body; they have, however, in the young state, the rudi-
ments of 15 nietameres. Claun, Zoology (trans.), I. 389.
Echioms (ek-i-ti'ms), to. [NL. (for *Echidurus),
< Gr. ix'i (£;t'<5-), an adder, viper, + ovpa, a tail.]
A
genus of cheetopho-
rous gephyreans (one
of the group Chwtiferi
of Gegenbaur), armed
with two strong setee
on the ventral side
(whence the name).
The cuticle develops chiti- 2. To be reflected or repeated by or as if by echometry (e-kom'e-tri), n. [= F. echometrie
nous processes, and there
is a communication be-
tween the rectum and etition; pass along by reverberation.
the perivisceral cavity by
means of a pair of tubu-
lar organs which are cili-
ated internally and at
£eHiurMsGaertntri.Ahoal natu-
their apertures. It is the
ral size.
typical genus of the family
Eekiurido!. E. paltasi of the Korth Sea is an
Also written Echiuris.
echlorophyllose (e-klo-ro-fil'os), o.
*echlorophyUosua, < L. e- priv. -1- chlorophyllum,
chlorophyl: see chlorophyl, chlorophj/Uous.]
Without chlorophyl. Braithwaite.
echo (ek'6), TO. pi. echoes (-6z). [Altered (after
;
L.) from earlier spelling; early mod. E. also
echoe, eccho; < ME. ecco, ekko =
D. G. echo
= Dan. echo, ekko Sw. eko= =
OF. eqo, F.
4cho =
Sp. eco =
Pg. ecco, echo =
It. eco, < L.
echo (ML. also ecco), < Gr. rjx^, a sound, an
echo ; cf nX'K, ^X'/, a sound, noise, vxdv, sound,
. sounds.
ring, etc.] 1. A
sound repeated by reflection
or reverberation from some obstructing sur-
face; soimd heard again at its source; reper-
cussion of sound: as, an echo from a distant
hill. Sound being produced by waves or pulses of the
air, when such waves meet an opposing surface, as a wall,
they are reflected like light-waves (see reflection); the
sound so heard, as if originating behind the reflecting sur-
face, is an echo. The echo of a sound returns U> the point
whence the sound originated if the reflecting surface is
at right anj.'les to a line drawn to it from that point. An
oblique surface reflects the sound in another direction, so
that it may be heard elsewhere, though not at the point
— ;
1834 Eciton
where the sound originated. and reflected
If the direct The whole nation was echoing his verse, and ci-owded
sounds succeed one another with great rapidity, which theatres were applauding his wit and humour.
happens when the reflecting surface is near, the echo only /. D'Israeli, Calam. of Authors, I. 159.
clouds the original sound. l>ut is not heard distinctly and
;
They would have echoed the praises of the men whom
it is such indistinct echoes that interfere with the hearing
they envied, and then have sent to the newspapers libels
in churches and other large buildings. An interval of
about one ninth of a second is necessary to discriminate two
upon them. Macaulay.
successive sounds; and as sound passes through the at- 3. To imitate as an echo; repeat or reproduce
mosphere at the rate of about 1,125 feet in a second, of A the sounds, utterances, or sentiments of: as,
1,125, or about 62 feet, will be the least distance at which
the mocking-bird echoes nearly all other crea-
an echo can be heard ; and this will be distinct only in
the case of a sharp, sudden sound. The walls of a house tures; to echo a popular author.
or the ramparts of a city, the surface of a cloud, a wood, And the true .irt for popular display is — to contrive
rocks, mountains, mid valleys produce echoes. Some
. . .
the best forms for appearing to say something new, when
echoes are remarkable for their frequency of repetition, in reality you are but echoing yourself.
and are called midtiple or tautological echoes. De Quincey, Style, i.
Folweth Ekko, that holdeth no silence.
But ever answereth at the countretaille. echoer (ek'o-6r), n. One who echoes.
Chaucer, Clerk's Tale, 1. 1132. Followers and echoers of other men.
W. Ilowitt, Visits to Kemarkable Places (Amer. ed., 1842),
The babbling echo mocks the hounds,
Replying shrilly to the well-tun'd horns, [p. 131.
As if a double hunt were heard at once. echoic (ek'o-ik),a. [= Sp. ec&ico = Pg. echoico,
Shak., Tit. And., ii. 3.
<LL. echoicus, echoing, riming (of verses), < L.
The Scriptures are God's voice the church is his echo,
;
echo,echo see echo.] Pertaining to or formed
:
a redoubling, a repeating of some particular syllables
and accents of the same voice. Dontie, Sermons, xiv. by echoism onomatopoetic. See extract un-
;
Blow, bugle, blow, set the wild echoes flying. der echoism.
a plant And answer, echoes, answer, dying, dying, dying. echoicalt (e-ko'i-kal), a. [< echoic + -al.] Hav-
Tennyson, Princess, iii. (song).
ing the nature of an echo. Nares. [Rare.]
2. [cop.] In classical myth., an oread or moun- An echoicaU verse, wherein the sound of the last sylla-
tain nymph, who, according to a usual form of ble doth agree with the last save one, as in an echo.
the myth, pined away for love of the beautiful Nomenclator.
youth Narcissus till nothing remained of her echoism (ek'o-izm), to. [< echo + -ism.] In
but her voice. 2>hilol., the formation of words by the echoing
Sweet Echo, sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen or imitation of natural sounds, as those caused
Within thy aery shell. Milton, Conms, 1. 230. by the motion of objects, as buzz, whizz, or the
3. Figuratively, a repetition of the sentiments characteristic cries of animals, as cuckoo, chick-
of others ; i-eproduction of the ideas or opinions adee, whip-poor-will, etc. ; onomatopoeia. [Re-
of others, either in speech or in writing. cent.]
It is the folly of too many to mistake the echo of a Lon-
Onomatopoeia, in addition to its awkwardness, has
don coflfeehouse for the voice of the kingdom. neither associative nor etymological application to words
Swift, Conduct of the Allies.
imitating sounds, Itmeans word-makingorword-coining,
and is as strictly applicable to Comte's altruisme as to
4. In music, the very soft repetition of a short cuckoo. Echoism suggests the echoing of a sound heard,
phrase, particularly in orchestral ororganmusic. and has the useful derivatives eckoist, echoize, and echoic,
In large organs an echo-organ is sometimes provided for instead of onomatopoetic, which is not only unmanageable,
echo-like effects; it consists of pipes shut up in a tight but, when applied to words like cwc^oo, crack, eiToueous;
it is the voice of the cuckoo, the sharp sound of breaking,
box, or removed to a distance from the organ proper, and
controlled by a separate keyboard or by separate stops. which is onomatopoetic or word-creating, not the echoic
words which they create.
A single stop so used or placed is called an echo-atop.
5 In arch. a wall or vault, etc. having the prop- J. A. H. Murray, 9th Ann. Address to Philol. .Soc.
. , ,
erty of reflecting soundsor of producing an echo. echoist (ek'o-ist), n. [< echo + -dst.] One who
— 6. [cap.'] [NL.] In 2od7., agenusof neurop- forms words by the imitation or echoing of
—
terous insects. Selys,\9i5Z. 7. Iniohist-playing, sounds. See echoism. [Recent.]
a response to a partner's signal for trumps. echoize (ek'o-iz), v. i. pret. and pp. echoized,
To the echo, so as to produce a reverberation of sound ppr. echoizin'g. [< echo + -ize.] To form words
;
;
hence, loudly vehemently; so as to excite attention and
;
by echoing or imitating sounds. See echoism.
response: chiefly used with applaud or similar words.
[Recent.]
1 would applaud thci to the very echo,
That would applaud again. [NL., < Gr. vxi), an
echolalia (ek-o-la'li-a), n.
Shak., Macbeth, v. 3. echo, +
babbling, < /.oMiv, babble.] In
7jiAia,
pathol., the repetition by the patient in a mean-
echo (ek'6), V. [< echo, «.] I. intrans. 1. To ingless way of words and phrases
emit an echo ; reflect or repeat sound give addressed to
him. It occurs in certain nervous disorders.
;
forth an answering sound by or as if by echo.
echoless (ek'a-les), a. [< echo + -less.] Giving
And kiss'd her lips with such a clamorous smack, or yielding no echo calling forth no response. ;
That, at the parting, all the church did echo.
Shak., T. of the S., iii. 2. Its voice is echoless. Byron, Prometheus.
Lord, as I am, I have no pow'r at all.
To hear thy voice, or echo to thy call.
echometer (e-kom'e-tfer), n. [= F. echometre =
Quarles, Emblems, iv. 8. Sp. ecometro Pg. echometro It. ecomeiro, < Gr.= =
How often from the steep riX", echo, + nhpov, a measure.] In physics, an
Of echoing hill or thicket have we heard instrument for measuring the duration, the in-
Celestial voices. Milton, P. L., iv. 681. tervals, and the mutual relation of sounds.
echo return or be conveyed to the ear in rep-
;
Sp. ecometria =
Pg. echometria It. ecome- = =
tria; as echometer + -y.] 1. The art or act
Her mitred princes hear the echoing noise. of measuring the duration, etc., of sounds. 2. —
And, Albion, dread thy wrath and awful voice. In arch., the art of constructing buildings in
Sir Ji. Blackmore. conformity with the principles of acoustics.
Sounds which echo further west echoscope (ek'o-skop), to. [< Gr. t/x", sound,
Than your sires* "Islands of the Blest."
Byron, Don Juan, iii. 86.
echo, + (jKovelv, view.] stethoscope. A
example. echo-stop (ek'o-stop), n. See echo, 4.
In the midst of echoing and re-echoing voices of thanks-
giving. D. Webster, Adams and Jefferson.
Echymys, n. An erroneous form of Echimys.
[< NL. Wiegmann, 1838.
3. To produce a reverberating sound give out Eciton (es'i-ton), n. [NL. (Latreille, 1804);
;
a loud sound. formation not obvious.] A genus of ants called
Drums and trumpets echo loudly,
Wave the crimson banners proudly.
Longfellow, The Black Knight (trans.).
II. trans. X. To emit an echo
of; reflect the
sound of, either directly or obliquely ; cause to
be heard by reverberation: as, the whispering
gallery of St. Paul's in London echoes very faint
Never [more shall] the black and dripping precipices
Echo her stormy scream as she sails by.
M. Arnold, Sohrab and Kustum.
2. To repeat as if by way of echo emit a re- ;
production of, as sounds, words, or sentiments
imitate the sound or significance of.
Then gan triumphant Trompets sownd on hye.
That sent to heven the ecchoed report
Of their new joy, and happie victory.
Spenser, F. Q., I. xii. 4.
-
Ecitott drepattophorum.
Those peals are echoed by the Trojan throng. a, soldier (line shows natural size) ; b, head of soldier, front
Dryden, Mneii. view ; f, head of male, front view.
 ;;:; ; :

Edton 1836 ecliptic

ging or army ants, usually placed in the use of what they regard
as specific remedies, largely or For shal chaungen wonder sooner
it
chiefly botanical.— Eclectic physician, (a) One of an And take ectips right as the moone,
family ilyrmicidae, as the petiole of the abdo- ancient order of physicians, supjiosed to have been found- Whanne he is from us i-lett
men has two nodes, it is now supposed that the ge- ed by Agathinus of Sparta. (It) A practitioner of the Thurgh erthe, that bitwixe is sett
nus Latndiu, of the family Dorytidce, is represented ex- American school of eclectic medicine. The Sonne and hir, as it may falle.
clusively by the males of KcUon, and the characters of Be it in partie or in alle.
II. n. One who, in whatever department of
both groups require revision. These ants are found in Rom. of tlie Rote, I. 5337.
South and Central America, and 3 species of Eciton and 6
knowledge, not being convinced of the fun-
damental principles of any existing system, But in y« first watche of ye night, the moone suffred
of Labidus are known in the United States, from I'tah,
eclipg. J. Brende, tr. of Quintus Curtius, fol. .78.
New Mexico, California, and Texas. There are two kinds culls from the teachings of different schools
of neuters or workers, large-headed and small-headed, the such doctrines as seem to him probably true, The sun . from behind the moon.
. .

former of which are called mldien. They are carnivo- In dim eclipse, disastrous twilight sheds
rous, march in vast numbers, and are very destructive.
conformable to good sense, wholesome in prac- On half the nations, or with fear of change
tice, or recommended by other secondary Perplexes monarchs. Milton, P. L.,
eckle^, eccle (ek'l), n. [E. dial., also eecle,va,T. i. 597.

of iekle, ult. < AS. gicel, an icicle: see ickle, considerations; one who holds that opposing As when the sun, a crescent of eclipse,
icicle.'] 1. An icicle. —
2. j)l. The crest of a schools are right in their distinctive doctrines,
wrong only in their opposition to one another.
Dreams over lake and lawn, and isles and capes.
Tennyson, Vision of Sin, i.
cock To build eccles In the air, to build castles in
[Prov. Eng. in all uses.l In philosophy the chief groups of eclectics have been — (1)
the air. Wriffht. 2. Figuratively, state of obscuration ; an
any
«ckle^ (ek'i), n. [E. dial. Cf. eckle^.] A wood- those ancient writers, from tlie first century before Christ,
who, like Cicero, influenced by Platonic skepticism, held a overshadowing ; a transition from brightness,
pecker. [Prov. Eng.] composite doctrine of ethics, logic, etc., aggregated of Pla- clearness, or animation to the opposite state
«ckle-^, !'. 1. ;
pret. and pp. eckled, ppr. eckling. tonist. Peripatetic, Stoic, and even Epicurean elements
as, his glory has suffered an eclipse.
[A dial. var. of ettle.'] To aim intend design. ; ; (2) writers in the seventeenth century who, like Leibnitz,
mingled Aristotelian and Cartesian principles; <3) writ- All the posterity of our first parents suffered a perpetual
HalHiceU. [North. Eng.] ers In the eighteenth century who adopted in part the eclipse of spiritual life. Raleigh, Hist. World.
Eclair (a-klar'), n. [F., lit. lightning, < iclai- views of Leibnitz, in part tliose of Locke (4) Schelling and
;
Gayety without eclipse
rer, lighten, illumine, < L. exclarare, light up, others, who held beliefs derived from various idealistic,
Wearieth me. Tennyson, Lilian.
< ex, out, + elarare, make bright or clear: see pantheistic, and mystical pliilosophers (5) the scliool of
;

clear, r.] A
small oblong cake, filled with a
Cousin, who took a mean position between a philosophy How like the starless night of death
of experience and one of absolute reason. Our being's brief eclipse.
cream or custard, and glazed with chocolate or Even the eeleetia, who arose about the age of Angtis- When faltering heart and failing breath
sugar. tus, . were ... as slavish and dependent as any of
. .
Have bleached the fading lips !

eclaircise, v. t. See eclaireize. their brethren, since they sought for truth not in nature,
0. W. Holmes, Agnes.
6claircissenient(a-klar-se8'moh),n. [F. (=Pr. but In the several schools. He [Earl Hakon] was zealous, in season and out of sea-
esclarziment =
Sp. esclarecimiento Pg. esclare- ^ Hume, Kise of Arts and Sciences. son, to bringback those who in ih&t eclipse of the old faith
had either gone over to Christianity or preferred to '* trust
cimento), < eclaircir, clear up: see edairdze.'] My notion of an eclectic is a man who, without foregone in themselves," to what he considered the true fold.
conclusions of any sort, deliberately surveys all accessible
Explanation the clearing up of something not
;
modes of thought, and chooses from each his own " hortus Edinburgh Rev.
before understood. siccus" of definitive convictions. Annular, central, partial, penumbral, total eclipse.
>'ay, madam, you shall stay ... till he has nuule an J. Owen, Evenings with Skeptics, II. 331. See the adjectives.— Eclipse Of a satellite, the oliscu-
ration of it by the shadow of its primary opposed to an
MaircUseiHent of his love to you.
Wycheriey, Country Wife.
Specifically —
(a) A follower of the ancient eclectic philos-
ophy. (6) In the early cliurch, a Christian who believed
oecultation, ill which it is hidden by the body of the pri-
:

the doctrine of Plato to be conformable to the spirit of mary.— Eclipse of Ttaales, a total eclipse of the sup
Next morning I breakfasted alone with ilr. W[alpolel which took place .'SSS B. c, May 28th, during a battle be-
when we had all the eclairciattment I ever expected, and I the gospeL (c) In med., a practitioner of eclectic medi- tween the Medes and the Lydians, and which is stated to
cine, either ancient or modem an eclectic physician.
left him far better satisfied than I bad been hitherto. ;
have been predicted liyThales of Miletus.— Quantity Of
Gray, Letters, I. 124. eclectlcally (ek-lek'ti-kal-i), adv. of By way an eclipse, the number of digits eclipsed. See digit, 3.
choosing or selecting; in the manner of the eclipse (e-klips'), r. pret. and pp. eclipsed, -p-jx.
eclaircize (e-klSr'siz), eclair-
v. t.\ pret. and pp. ;
eclectic philosophers or physicians as an ec- ;
eclipsing. [< ME. eclipsen, < OF. eclipser, F.
cized, ppr. eclaircizing. [s F. iclairciss-, stem
of certain parts of Maircir (= Pr. esclarzir, es-
lectic. Mipser = Pr. Sp. Pg. eelipsar =
It. eclissare,
clarze:ir —
Sp. Pg. eselareeer), clear up with eclecticism (ek-lek'ti-sizm), n. [= F. iclecti- ecclissare; from the noun.] I. trans. 1. To
suffix, ult. < L. -eacere (see -esce, -ish^), < eclairer,
;

ci*me; as eclectic -ism.] +

The method of the obscure by an eclipse; cause the obscuration
eclectics, or a system, as of philosophy, medi- of; darken or hide, as a heavenly body: as, the
lighten. Illumine: see eclair.'] To make clear;
cine, etc., made up of selections from various moon eclipses the sun.
explain; clear up, as something not under-
systems.
stood or misunderstood. Also spelled eclair- Within these two hundred yeares found out it was . . .

cise. [Rare.] Sensualism, Idealism, skepticism, mysticism, are all par- that the moone sometime was eclipsed twice in five moneths
tial and exclusive views of the elements of intelligence. space, and the sunne likewise in seven.
eclampsia (ek-lamp'si-ft), n. [= F. ^elampsie But each Is false only as it is Incomplete. They are all Holland, tr. of Pliny, it. 9.
= It. irlnmsia, < >fL. eeiamptia, < Gr. liuaftxl/tt, true in what they alBrm, all erroneous in what they deny.
a shilling forth, exceeding brightness, < ixM/i- Though hitherto opposed, they are, consequently, not In- 2. To overshadow ; throw in the shade ; ob-
ireiv, shine forth, < in, forth, /xt/nreiv, shine: + capable of coalition and, in fact, can only obtain their
; scure ; hence, to surpass or excel.
see lamp.] In ]>athoL, a flashing of light be-
consummation in a powerful ecUctieism a system which — Though you have all this worth, you hold some qualities
shall comprehend them alt.
fore the eyes; also, rapid coavukive motions. Sir W. HamUtoH, Edinburgh Rev.,
That do eclipse your virtues.
L. 201.
Beau, and Fl., King and No King, 1. 1.
The name ii applied to oonTolslons retembllng thoM of
epilepfly. but not of true epilepsy as, the tetan^tia of :
eclectism (ek-lek'tizm), n. [< F. ^clectisme = Another now hath to himself engross'd
childbirth. Also eclampty. Pg. eclectismo, < Or. inXeKTOc, picked out: see All power, and us eclipsed. Milton, P. L., v. 776.
eclampsic (ek-lamp'sik), a. A less correct eclectic and -ism.] Same as eclecticism. [Bare.] When he [Christ] was lifted up [to his cross], he did
irlamptic.
fortii "f
The classicists. Indeed, argue for that ecUetimn of taste there crucify the world, and the things of it, eclipse the
eclampsy (ek-lamp'si), n. Same as eeiamptia. which finds suggestive material wherever there is force lustre, and destroy the power, of all its empty vanities.
and beauty. D. G. Mitchell, Bound Together, iv. Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. xviii.
eclamptic (ek-lamp'tik), a. [= F. ielavtpttque
as eclampsia (eclampt-) + -I'c] 1. Pertaining Eclectus (ek-lek'tus), n. [NL., < Gr. inleicTdi, I, therefore, for the moment, omit all Inquiry how far the
Mariolatry of the early Church did indeed eclipse Christ.
to or of the nature of eclampsia: as, eclamptic picked out, select: see eclectic.] 1. genus A
convulsions; eelamptie idiocy. —
2. Suffering of trichoglossine parrots related to the lories,
Ruskin,

from eclampsia : as, an eclamptic patient. containing several species of the Philippine, H, intratts. To suffer an eclipse. [Bare.]
*clat (a-kla'), n. [P., < (fctater, burst forth, < OF. Malaccan, and Papuan islands, as E. linnm, The labouring moon
esclater, shine, ^esclater, burst, < OHO. slizan,
MHO. slizen, split, burst, O. sckleissen
E. polychtorus, etc. 2. [/. c]
AS. genus Eclectus. =
parrot of the — A
Eclipses at their charms. Milton, P. L., 11. 666.

ecliptic (e-klip'tik), a. and n. [Formerly eclip-

slitan. E. slit, q. v.] 1. A burst, as of applause eclegmt (ek-lem'), n. [Prop, "ecligm; F. tick; =
F. iclivtique =: Pg. ecliptico =It. eclit- =
acclamation ; approbation as, his speech was eclegme, icligme, < L. ecUgma, < Gr. liOieiy/ui, an tico, < LL. eclipticus, < LGr. eitXemTtKii, of or
:

received with great ^lat. —

2. Brilliant effect; electuary, < liUeixetv, lick up, < «, out, }j:i- caused by an eclipse (as+ a noun, F. icliptique =
brilliancy of success ; splendor; magnificence: Xtiv, lick. Cf. electuary, from the same ult. Sp. ecliptica Pg. ecliptica = It. eclittica, < = =
as, the Mat of a great achievement. source.] A medicine of syrupy consistency. LL. ecliptica (sc. linea, line), < Gr. McmTiKo^
Althonsh we have taken formal posaeaslon of Burmah eclimeter (ek-lim'e-tfer), n. An instrument to (sc. kik'/.o^, circle), the line or circle in the plane
with much ielat, the dangers and dlfflcoltles of the enter- be held in the hand for measuring the zenith of which eclipses take place), < lK?^c^pig, an
prise are by no means at an end.
Fortnightly Bev., N. 8., XXXIX. 288. distances of objects near the horizon. eclipse: see eclipse, n.] I. a. 1. Pertaining to

S. Renown; glory.
eclipse (e-klips'), n. [< ME. eclips (more fre- an eclipse. 2. Pertaining to the apparent path —
quent in the abbr. form clips, clyppes, clyppus, of the sun in the heavens as, ecliptic constel- :

Yet the felat It gave was enoogh to torn the head of a etc. : see clips), < OF. eclipse^, eclipse
man leas presumptuous than Egmoat. Prfeott.
Pr. lations. =
eclipsis, eclipses, elipse Sp. Pg. eclipse It. = =
Thy full face in his oblique designe
eclectic (ek-lek'tik), a. and n. [= F. icUcHque eclisse, ecclisse, ecclissi, < L. eclipsis, < Gr. iiAet- Confronting Phoebus in th' Ecliptick line,
= Sp. eclSctico =
Pg. eclectico It. eclettico (cf. =
^(C, an eclipse, lit. a failing, forsaking, < kiOxl- And th' Earth between.
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, I. 4.
O. eklektisek =
Dan. eklektisk), < NL. eclecticus, xtiv, leave out, pass over, forsake, fail, intr.
< Or. inXiKTiKdi, picking out, selecting, < iitXc- leave off, cease, suffer an eclipse, < t/c, out, + Ecliptic conjunction, a conjunction in longitude of the
kt6c, picked out, < i«Xeye<v, pick out (= fi. eligere, moon with the sun, the former being within its ecliptic
Xeiirciv, leave.] 1. In astrcm., an interception limits. — Ecliptic digit, one twelfth part of the sun's or
pp. eiectus, > E. elect, q. v.), < tie, out, + ^lyttv, or obscuration of the light of the sun, moon, or moon's diameter, used as a unit in expressing the quantity
pick, choose: see legend.] I. a. Selecting; other heavenly body, by the intervention of an- of eclipses. — Ecliptic limits, the greatest distances at
choosing; not confined to or following any one other heavenly body either between it and the which the moon can be from her nodes (that is, from
ecliptic), if an eclipse of the sun or moon is to hap-
model or system, but selecting and appropri- eye or between it and the source of its illumi- the pen.
ating whatever is considered best in alt. nation. An eclipse of the sun is caused by the interven- n. 1. In a,Hron., a great circle of the heav-
n.
The American mind. In the largest sense eeleetic, strug- tion of the moon between it and the earth, the sun's disk ens in the plane of the earth's orbit, or that of
gled for universality, while it asserted freedom. being thus partially or entirely hidden an eclipse of the
moon Is occasioned bf the earth passing between it and the apparent annual motion of the sun among
;

Banai^ft, HlsU U. S., II. 464.

the sun, the earth's shadow obscuring the whole or part of the stars. Thejixed ecliptic is the position of the eclip-
When not creative, their genius has been tcUctie and Its surface, but never entirely concealing it. The number tic at any given date. The ynean ecliptic is the position
refilling. Strdman, Vict. Poets, p. 2a. of eclipses of the sun and moon cannot lie fewer than two of the flxed ecliptic relative to the equinoctial, as modified
Eclectic medldne, a medical theory and practice based nor more than seven in one year, exclusive of penumbral by precession. Tills is now approaching the equinoctial
up4m Fvele'tion of what is esteemeil best in all systems eclipses of the moon. The most usual number is four, at the rate of 47" per century. The true or apparent eclip-
speciflcally, the medical system of a separately organized seven being very rare. Jupiter's satellites are eclipsed by tic is the mean ecliptic as modified by the effects of nuta-
school uf physicians In the United States, who make much passing through his shadow. See oecultation. tion. The oUi^ity of (Ae ecliptic is the Incliuatlou of the
 : ; ; — ; ;:

ecliptic 1830 economy

ecliptic to tlie equinoctial.
is 'r 8".
Its mean value for A. D. 1900 domestic. — 2. Pertaining to tho regulation of Economite (o-kon'o-mit), n. [As economy +
ffli'

Satan . . .
household concerns. [Obsolete or archaic] -/(('-.] Same as Harmonist, 4.
Took leave and toward the coast of earth beneath,
; And doth employ her economic art. economization (e-kon'''6-mi-za'shon), n. [<
Down from the ecliptic sped. Milton, P. L., lii. 740. And busy cai-e, her household to preserve. economize + -ation.'] the act or practice of
Sir J. Dairies, Immortal, of Soul. economizing, or managing frugally or to tho
My lady's Indian kinsnmii. unannounced,
Wltii half a score of swarthy faces came. 3. Pertaining to pecuniary means or concerns best effect the result of economizing econ-
; ;

His own, tho' keen and bold and soldierly, relating to or connected with income and ex- omy; saving. Also spelled economisation.
Sear'd by the close ecliptic, was not fair.
Tennyson, Aylmer's Field.
penditure: as, his economic management was [Rare.]
bad; ho was restrained by economic consider- To the extent that augmentation of mass results in a
2. A great circle drawn upon a terrestrial globe, ations; the economic branches of government. preater rettjntion of heat, it effects an ecoiwmization of
tangent to the tropics, it is sometimes said to " mark
the snn's annual path across the surface of the earth "
— 4. Of or pertaining to economies, or the pro- f(n-ci'. II. Spencer, Prin. of Biol., § 47.

duction, distribution, and use of wealth; relat- economize (f-kon'o-miz), v.; pret. and pp.
but since its plane is represented as fixed upon the earth,
the rotation of the latter will give it a gyratory motion in- ing to the means of living, or to the arts by economized, ppr. economizing. [= F. economi-
compatible with its representing any celestial appearance. which human needs and comforts are supplied: ser Sp. economizar =Pg. economisar =
It. eco- =
It may, however, prove convenient wlien a terrestrial globe
is used instead of a celestial one.
as, an economic problem; economic disturb- nomizzare D. cconomiseren = G. okonomisi- =
ances ; economic geology or botany. ren = Dan. okonotnisere ; as economy + -ize.'] I.
eclog, n. An abbreviated spelling of eclogue.
The economic ruin of Spain may be said to date from trans. To manage economically; practise econ-
ecloglte (ek'lo-jit), n. [< Gr. eK/.o/of, picked the expulsion of tlie Moriscoes. omy in regard to ; treat savingly or sparingly
out (< K?-r)'£(i','pick out, choose), + -ite^.j The J. Fiske, Evolutionist, p. 245.
as, to economize one's means or strength ho ;
name given by Haiiy to a rock consisting of 5. Characterized by freedom from wastefulness, economized his expenses.
a crystalline-granular aggregate of oinphaoite extravagance, or excess frugal saving spar-
; ;
To manage and economize the use of circulating me-
;

(a grantUar, grass-green variety of pyroxene) ing: as, economic use of money or of material. dium. Walsfi.
with red garnet. With these essential constituenU [In this sense more commonly economical.]
cyanite (di8tnene)is often associated, and, less commonly, II. intrans. To practise economy; avoid
silvery mica, quartz, and pyrites. This is one of the most The charitable few are chiefly they waste, extravagance, or excess be sparing in ;

beautiful of rocks, and of rather rare occurrence. It is Whom Fortune places in the middle way outlay as, to economize in one's housekeeping,
:
found in the .\Ips. in the Fichtelgebirge in Bavaria, in the Just rich enough, with economic care.
To save a pittance, and a pittance spare. or in the expenditure of energy.
Erzgebirge in Bohemia, and also in Norway. It occurs in
lenticular masses in the older gneisses and schists. To the Ilarte, Eulogius. He does not know how to economize. Smart.
variety occurring at .Syra in Greece, consisting largely of = S3rn. 6. Saving, sparing, careful, thrifty, provident.
cyanite or disthene, the name cyanite rock or disthene rock Also spelled economise.
has been given. Also spelled eklogite. economical (e-ko- or ek-o-nom'i-kal), a. [< economizer (e-kon'o-mi-z^r), n. 1. One who
economic + -al.] Same as economic. The form
eclo^e [Early mod. E. also eclog, economical is more common than economic in sense 5.
(ek'log), n. economizes; one who uses money, material,
and eglogtie, wijlogtie; =
P. eglogue, eclogue, now
This economical misfortune [of ill-assorted matrimony].
time, etc., economically or sparingly. 2. In —
eglogue, Mogue =
Sp. ecloga Pg. egloga =
It. = Milton, Divorce. engin., an apparatus by which economy, as of
egloga, ecloga =
G. ekloge Dan. Sw. eklog, <= There was no economical distress in England to prompt
fuel, is effected specifically, one in which waste ;

li. ecloga, < Gr. iKloyij, a selection, esp. of poems,
"elegant extracts" (cf. iii>j}yoQ, picked out),
< iiikcyciv, pick out, select, < tx, out, + 'keyeiv,
pick, choose ; at. eclectic. The term came to bo
the enterprises of colonization. Palfrey. heat from a boiler or furnace is utilized for
heating the feed-water.
But the econwnical and moral caiises that were destroy-
ing agriculture in Italy were too strong to be resisted. Also spelled economiser.
Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 284. economy (e-kon'o-mi), n. pi. economies (-miz). ;

applied esp. to a collection of pastoral poems The life of the well-off people is graceful, pretty, dain- [Formerly also economic, cecononiy, eeconomie
(with special ref. to Virgil's pastoral poems tily-ordered, hospitable ; but it has a simplicity which in- F. economic Sp. economia =
Pg. It. econo- = =
(Bucolica), which were published under tho cidentally makes it comparatively economical.
Arch. Forbes, Souvenirs of some Continents, p. 68.
mia D. economic G. okonomie Dan. oko- = = =
title of Eclogce, selections '), whence the false
' nomi Sw. ekonomi (D. and Sw. after F.), < L. =
spellings eglogue, wglogue (F. Eglogue, etc.), in economically (e-ko- or ek-o-nom'i-kal-i), adv. ceconomia, < Gr. oiKovo/ua, the management of a
an endeavor to bring in the pastoral associa- 1. As regards the production, distribution, and household or family, or of the state, the public
tions of Gr. aj.^ (ah/-), a, goat.] In poetry, a use of wealth ; as regards the means by which revenue, < oikov6/io(, one who manages a house-
pastoral composition, in which shepherds are human needs and comforts are supplied. —
2. hold, a manager, administrator, <okof, a house,
introduced conversing with one another; a With economy; with frugality or moderation. household (= L. vicus, a village, > ult. E. wick,
bucolic as, the eclogues of Virgil.
: economics (e-ko- or ek-o-nom'iks), n. [For- uich, a village, etc. see wick'^), vcftecv, deal : +
Some be of opinion, and the ctdefe of those who haue merly also economicks ; pi. of economic (see out, distribute, manage see )io«(cl.] 1. Tho :

written in this Art among the Latines, that the pastorall -ics), after Gr. to, omovofuKa, neut. pi. (also fem. management, regulation, or supervision of
Poesie which we conmioidy call by the name of Erilogite sing, ij o'lKovofUKr/, sc. rix''"ij art), the art of house- means or resources; especially, the manage-
and Bucolick, a tearme brought in by the Sicilian Poets, hold management.] 1. The science of house- ment of the pecuniary or other eoncei'ns of a
should be the first of any other.
I'uttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 30. hold or domestic management. [Obsolete or household as, you are practising bad economy ; :

archaic]
eclosion(e-kl6'zhon), n. [< F. eclosion, < 4clos-, wealth, its production, distribution, etc. po-
—
2. The science which treats of their domestic economy needs reform.
Fain. lie keeps open house for all comers.
;
stem of certain parts of eclore, emerge from the litical economy. Wid. He ought to be very rich, whose oecononn/ is so
egg, < L. excludere, shut out: see exclude, exclxi- profuse. Mrs. Centlivre, The Artifice, iv.
The best authors have chosen rather to handle it (edu-
sion, and cf. closed, close^.'] The act of emerging
from a covering or concealment; specifically,
cation] in their politicks than in their osconomicks.
Sir U. Wotton, Reliquise, p. 78.
Hence —
2. A frugal and judicious use of
money, material, time, etc. tho avoidance of ;

in entom., the escape of an insect from the pupa- Not only in science, but in politicks and economics, in or freedom from waste or extravagance in tho
or chrysalis-ease. the less splendid arts which administer to convenience
management or use of anything frugality in ;

eclysis (ek'li-sis), n. [< Gr. ia/.mtg, a lowering and enjoyment, much information may be derived, by
careful search, from times which have been in general the expenditure or consumption of money, ma-
of the voice through three quarter-tones, a re- neglected, as affording nothing to repay the labour of terials, etc.
at-
lease or deliverance, < eK/.vew. release, < ex, out, tention. V. Knox, Essays, No. 73, I have no other notion of economy than that it is the
+ Ivuv, loose.] In Gr. music, the lowering or Among minor alterations, I may mention the substitu- parent of liberty and ease. Swift, To Lord Bolingbroke.
flatting of a tone opposed to ecbole. : tion for tlie name of Political Economy of the single conve- Nature, with a perfect economy, tni-ns all forces to ac-
ecod (f-kod'), interj. [One of the numerous nient term Economics. Jevons, Pol. Econ. (2d ed.), Pref. count. //. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 388.
variations, as egad, begad, bedad, etc., of the economisation, economise, etc See economi- Another principle that serves to throw light on our in-
oath by God."] By God; egad: a minced oath. zation, etc. qtiiry is thatwhich has been called the principle of econ-
[Now rare.] economist (e-kon'o-mist), n. [Formerly also
omy, viz., that an effect is pleasing in proportion as it i»
attained by little effort and simple means.
£cod, you're lu the right of it. (economist; F. economiste =
Sp. Pg. It. econo- = J. Ward, Encyc. Brit., XX. 70.
Sheridan (?), The Camp, i. 1. mis^a; as economy + -ist.'] 1. One who man-
3. Management, order, or arrangement in gen-
Ecod ! how the wind blows what a grand time we shall ages pecuniary or other resources; a manager
eral; the disposition or regulation of the parts
I

have S. Judd, Margaret, i. 14. in general, with reference to means and ex-
or functions of any organic whole ; an organ-
econome (ek'o-nom), 11. [= F. 4conome Sp. penditure or outlay. = ized system or method : as, the internal economy
ecdnomo =
Pg. It. ecoiwmo, steward, financial Very few people are pood oscvnoinists of their fortune, of a nation ; the economy of the work is out of
manager, =
D. econoom =
G. iikonom, husband- and still fewer of their time. Chesterfield, Letters, ccxvi. joint.
=
man, steward, Dan. iikonom Sw. ekonom (D. = It would be madness to expect happiness from one
who has been
, . .

so very bad an economist of his own.

and Sw. after F.),< LL. (£Conomus,<. Gr. o'ikovo/ioq,
a housekeeper see economy.'] 1. In the eaW»/
:
church, a diocesan administrator; the curator,
administrator, and dispenser, under the bishop,
of the diocesan property and revenues. 2. In
the early and in the medieval church, and to
the present day in tho Greek Church, the finan-
cial officer and steward of a monastery.
Also (econome and ceconomus.
economic (e-ko- or ek-o-uom'ik), a. [Former-
ly also economick, (economic, atconnmick, ceco-
nomique; =
F. economique Sp. economico
Pg. it. economico (cf. D. economisch G. oko-
nomisch =
Dan. okonomisk Sw. ekonomisk), <
L. ceconomicus, < Gr. o'lKovofimd^, pertaining to
the management of a household or family,
practised therein, frugal, thrifty, < o'lKovo/iia, the
management of a household: see economy.'}
If. Relating or pertaining to the household;
— Specifically 2. —
= =
= mathematical nature of economic questions.
= Jevons, Pol. Econ. (2d ed.), Pref.
This economy must be observed in the minutest parts of
Goldsmith, Vicar, xiii.
an epic poem. Dryden, .Eneid, Ded.
If we rightly examine things, we shall find that there
Ferdinand was too severe an economist of time to waste
It willingly on idle pomp and ceremonial. is a sort of economy in providence, that one shall excel
Prescntt, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 19.
where another is defective, in order to make men more use-
A
careful or prudent manager
ful to each other, and ndx them in society.
Steele, Tatler, No. 92.
—
of pecuniary means one who practises frugal-
; Specifically (a) The provisions of nature for the genera-
tion, mitrition, and preservation of animals and plants ;
ity in expenditure: as, ho has the reputation
the I'egular, harmotnons system in accortlance with which
of being an economist; he is a rigid economist.
— 3. One versed in economics, or the science of
the functions of living animals and ])lants are perfurmed :
as, the animal economy ; the vegetable economy.
political economy. He who hunts
So well known an English economist as Malthus has also Or harms them there is guilty of a wi-ong.
shown in a few lines his complete appreciation of the Disturbs the economy of nature's realm.
Cowper, Task, vi. 577.
If we an instant, that each species tends to
forget, for
increase inordinately, and that some check is always in
4. An officer in some cathedrals of the Church action, yet seldom perceived by us, the whole economy of
of Ireland who is appointed by the chapter to Nature will be utterly obscured. ^
manage the cathedral fund, to see to the neces- Danvin, Origin of Species, p. 303.
sary repairs, pay the church officers, etc. (b)The functional organization of a living body ; as, his
Bconomist mouse, Arvicola ceconomns, a Siberian vole. internal economy is badly deranged.
 :; :

economy 1837 ecstatic

^! I I Wll I
^
It necessary to banish from the mind the idea that we
is express some sudden emotion, such as joy, sor- neutral color, as the color of hemp or hempen
Mre literally besieged by organisms always ready to sow row, fear, wonder, indignation, auger, or impa- cord.— Ecru lace, a modern lace made with two kinds
putrefaction on the mucous tract of our ecoiwiiiies.
Science, III. 620. tience. —
Also called cJc/«»ia<iOH. 2. Inthe&r. of braid, one plain and the other crinkled, and worked
into large and prominent patterns, usually geometrical,
(c) Tlie regulation and disposition of the internal allaii-s t'A., one of those parts of the service which a»e with bai-s or bi-iiles of thread. The term is derived fiom
of a state or nation, or of any department of government. said by the priest or officiant in an audible or the co!mnon use of materials of (5cru color.
The Jews already had a Sabbath, which as citizens and elevated voice. The greater part of the litui-gy is said ecrustaceous (e-krus-ta'shius), a. [< NL.
subjecu of that economy they were obliged to keep, and secretly — that is, in a low or inaudible tone (iutuo-TiKw?, an *ecrustuccus, < L. e- priv. + crusta, a crust
did keep. Paley. adverb e<iuivalent to the secrete or aecreto of the Latin
ChnrchJ. The ecphoneses, on the other hand, are said
see cntstaccous.] In bot., without a crustaceous
The tlieatre was I>y no means so essential a part of the thallus, as some lichens.
aloud (cie<^a)wi>?, an adverb answering to the phrases intel-
rconomy of a Roman city as it was of a Grecian one.
lifjibili wee, Clara pocc, of the iloman lAi^3.\, with an audi- ecstasis (ek'sta-sis), n. [LL., < Gr. eKo-aci^:
*/. Ferffugson, Hist. Arch., I. 323.
He voice, with a loud voice, in tlie English Prayer-liook). see ecstasy.] In pathol., same as ecstasy, 3.
4t. Management; control. [Rare.] They generally form the conclusion of a prayer which the
priest has said secretly, and contain a doxology or ascrip- ecstasize (ek'sta-siz), V. t. ; pret.
and pp. ecsta-
I shall never recompose my Features, to receive Sir
Bowlaud with any (Eeonoiny of Kace. tion to the Trinity. The lienediction at the Ijeginning of sized, ppr. ecstasizing. [< ecstasy -ize.] To fill +
Conffrece, Way of the World, iiL 5. the Liturgy of tlie Catechumens and that at the c«>mmence- with ecstasy or excessive joy. F.Butler. [Rare.]
ment of the Anaphora in the Constantinopolitan liturgies
Domestic economy. See doimwiii:.— Economy of are said in this way. Also called the exclanuttion.
Rose and Margaret burst from their retreat with a loud
grace, see jrra<-e. ^Political economy. See political. laugh, and gave OI>ed a hearty greeting; which he, be-
=8yn. 2. Frugaiitij, L'coitomn, Thrij't. Fmijality saves ecphora (ek'fo-ra), n. [NL., < Gr. ciupopd, a car- mazed and ecstacized, returned as handsomely as he knew
by avoiding )K>th waste and nee<lles3 expense ; its central rying out, a projection in a building, < iK(f>iptiv, liow. S. Jitdd, Slai-garet, ii. 11.
Economy goes further, and includes
idea is that of saving. carry out, intr. shoot forth, < ik, out, + ^ipew = ecstasy (ek'sta-si), n. ; Tpl. ecstasies (siz). [For-
prudent management: as, economy of time. Thrift is a E. bear^.] 1. In arch., the projection of any merly spelled variously ecstasie, ecstacy, extasy,
stronger word for economy; it is a smart, ambitious, and
successful economy. member or molding before the face of the mem- extasie, etc. ; F. extase Sp. extasi, extasis
= = =
Lucullus, when frugality could charm, —
ber or molding next below it. 2. Icaj).] In Pg. extasis = It. estasi (D. extase G. ekstase = =
Had roasted turnips in the Sabine farm. conch., same as Fiistts. Conrad, 1843. =
Dan. extase Sw. extas, < F.),< LL. ecstasis, ML.
Pope, Moral Essays, i. 218.
ecphractic (ek-frak'tik), a. and n. [< Gr. «- also extasis, < Gr. inaraaK;, any displacement
Strict economy enabled him [Frederic William) to keep ^poKTiKoc, fit for clearing obstructions (hifipaK- or removal from the proper place, a standing
up a peace establishment of sixty thousand troops. TIK&, sc. ^p,uaKa, pi., ecphractic medicines), <
3laea%Uay, Frederic the Great. aside, distraction of mind, astonishment, later
imppaaativ, clear obstructions, open up, < en, out,
Thrift, thrift, Horatio the funeral bak'd meats a trance, < iiurrdvai, 2d. aor. iiiaT7Jvai,-put or place
!

Did coldly lumlsh forth the marriage tallies.

-I- ^paaanv, inclose.] I. a. In vied,, senang to aside, mid. and pass, stand aside, < j f tic, out, ,

Shak., Uamlet, i. 2. remove obstructions deobstruent.

; -• lordvat, place, set, 'icraadai, stand see stasis.] :

e converse (e kon-ver'so). [L., lit. from the H. II. An ecphractic drug. 1. Astate in which the mind is exalted or lib-
converse : e, ex, from
converso, abl. of conver-
; ecphroniat (ek-lro'ni-a), n. [NL., < Gr. irnpiMV, erated as it were from the body a state in which ;

siim, iieut. of convertug, converse: see conrerse^, out of one's mind, crazy, < iK, out of, + 9P7v, the functions of the senses are suspended by the
a.] On the contrary; on the other hand. mind.] In pathol., insanity. contemplation of some extraordinary or super-
6corch6 (a-kor-sha'), «. [P., lit. flayed, pp. ecphyma (ek-fi'm&), n. ; pi. ecphymata (ek-fim'- natural object, or by absorption in some over-
of ecorclier, OF. escorcher, flay, > ult. t. scorch : a-til). [NL., < Gf. iK^v/ia, an eruption of pim- powering idea, most frequently of a religious
see scorch.] Inpaintiiig and sculp., a subject, J>le8, (. cKipieoftai, grow out, < in, out, + (jiieailai, nature; entrancing rapture or transport.
man or animal, flayed or exhibited as deprived grow.] In pathol., a cutaneous excrescence, as
Wliether what we call ecstasy be not dreaming with our
of its skin, go that the muscular system is ex- a wart. eyes open, I leave to be examined. Locke.
posed, for the purposes of study. Ecphymotes (ek-fi-mo'tez), 11. [NL., < Gr. Wlien the mind is warmed with heavenly thoughts, and
NL. "ccorticatus, iKtfviia, an eruption of pimples: see ecphyma.] wrought up into some degrees of holy ecetasy, it stays not
ecorticate (e-kor'ti-kat), a. [<
< L. e- priv. +
cortex (cortic-), bark : see corti- A genus of pleurodont lizards, of the family there, but communicates these impressions to the body.
Iguanidce, having a short and flattened form, Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. xix.
cate.] In hot., without a cortical layer: applied
lichens. and large pointed cariuate scales on the thick The Neoplatonists, though they sometimes spoke of
especially to civic virtues, regarded the condition of ecstasy as not only
tail otherwise generally as in Polychrus. Fitz-
ifcossaise (a-ko-saz'), «. [F., fem. of £eossais, :
transcending but including all, and that condition could
.Siiiti'h: see Scotch^.] 1. A
species of rustic inf/cr, 1S26. Also spelled £cp/ii»io?<?«. only be arrived at by a passive life.
dauce of Scotch origin. 2. Music written for — ecphysesia (ek-fi-ze'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. cKt^imj- Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 350.

such a dauce, or in imitation of its rhythm. 3.
In therapeutics, the douche ficossaise or Scotch
douche, alternating hot and cold douches.
The alternation of hot and cold douches, which for some
unknown reason has got the name of Feouaite, Is a very
— aiQ, emission of the breath, < Uifvaav, blow out,
breathe out, snort, < Ik, out, + ^vaav, blow,
2. Overpowering emotion or exaltation, in
which the mind is absorbed and the actions are
breathe.] h\ pathol., a quick breathing. controlled by the exciting subject; a sudden
Ecpleopodidse (ck-ple-o-pod'i-de), n. pi. [NL., access of intense feeling. Speclflcally — (a) Joyful,
< F.rpUapus + -i<f<E.] A family of ptychopleu- delightful, or rapturous emotion extravagant delight as, ; ;

powerful remedy from the strong action and reaction which ral or cyclosaurian lizards. Also Ecpleopoda. the ecttwty ot love he gazed upon the scene with ecstasy.
;

It produces, and is one of very great value.

Eneyc. Brit., III. 439.
ccostate (e-kos'tat), a. [< NL. ecostatus, < L.
(- priv. + rosta, arib: see costate.]
1. In bot.,
not costate; without ribs. 2. In ctxil.: (a)
Having no costte, in general ; ribless. (6) Bear-
ing no ribs, as a vertebra.
6cotlte (a-kOf), n. [F., < ^couter,
E. seout^.] In fort., a small gal-
listen, > ult.
lery made in front of the glacis for the shelter
of troops, designed to annoy or interrupt the
inimrs of the enemy.
Ecpleopus(ek-ple'o-pus), n. [NL., < Gr. iKw}.coc, He on the tender grass
Would sit, and hearken ev'n to ecstasy.
complete, entire (< in, out, + irXfOf, full), + Milton, Comus, 1. 626.
roi'f = E. foot.] The typical genus of the fam-
Sweet thankful love his soul did Hit
ily Frplcopodida;. Dumeril and Bibron.
— ecptomat (ek-to'mft), n. [NL., < Gr. tuiTTuua, a
With utter ecstasy of bliss.
Waiiam ilorris, Earthly Paradise, II. 84.
dislocation, < iK:ri~Tciv, fall out of, be dislo- It is a sky of Italian April, full of sunshine and the hid-
cated, < fit, out, + ir/TTTtiy, fall.] In pathol., a den ecstasy of larks.
OP. eseouter, Lowell, Among my Dooks. 2d ser., p. 191.
falling down of any part: applied to luxations,
prolapsus uteri, scrotal hernia, the expulsion The ecstasies of mirth and teri-or which his gestures
and play of countenance never failed to produce in a
of the placenta, sloughing off of gangrenous nursery flattered him [GaiTickj <iuite as much as the ap-
I>arts, rtc. plause of mature critics. Macaulay, Madame d'Arblay.
ecpyesis (ek-pi-e'sis), «. [NL., < Gr. CKTzvrioi^, (fr) Grievous, fearful, or painful emotion extreme agita- ;

Ecpantheiia (ek-pan-the'ri-a), 11. [XL. (HUb- suppuration, < tKitviuv, suppurate, < «, out, + tion distraction as, the very ecstasy of grief an ecstasy
; : ;

ner, 1816), so called as being spotted, < Gr. U, -vtiv, suppurate, < t:vov, pus.] In pathol., a of fear.
out (here intensive), navOiip,+panther or leop- skin-disease with purulent or serous effusion Better be with the dead . . .

ard: see panther.] A

genus of arctiid moths Than on the torture of the mind to He
now rarely used. In restless ecstacy. Shak., Macbeth, iil. 2.
chiefly distinguished by the short hind wings, 6crasement (a-kraz'mon), n. [F. dcrascinent, a Come, let us leave him iti his ireful mood.
and comprising a large number of new-world crushing, < icraser, crush see craze.] In stirg.,
: Our words will but increase his ecstasy.
species. Most of them are tropical or subtrop- the operation of removing a part, as a tumor, Marlowe, Jew of ^latta, L 2.
ical, but E. seribonia is a well-known North by a wire or chain loop gradually tightened so And last, the cannons' voice that shook the skies.
American form. as to cut slowly through its attachment. And, as it fares in sudden ecstasies.
ccphasist (ek'fa-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. Ik^oi^, a At once bereft us both of ears and eyes.
torasenr (a-kra-z6r'), )i. [F., < ^eraser, crush, Dnjden, Astraea Redux, L 228.
declaration, < iiu^vai, speak out, < in, out, -I- bruise: seecrarc] In SKri/., an instrument for
^vai = L. fari, speak.] In rhct., an explicit removing tumors. It consists of a fine chain or wire 3. In med., a morbid state of
the nervous sys-
dcclanition. which is passed around the base of the ])art to be re- tem, allied to catalepsy and trance, in which the
Ecphimotes, «. See Ecphymotes. moved, and gradually tightened by a screw or otherwise patient assumes the attitude and expression of
ecphlysis (ek'fli-sfs), n. fNL., < Gr. as if V«c- until it lias cut through.— Galvanic ^craseur, an ^cra-
seur so constructed that the wire loop can be heated to
rapture. Alsoec«tas»«. —
4t. Insanity; madness.
if/.vatr, < tK^'/.v^tiv, spurt out, < in, out, + ly.lil^etv,
redness while in use by the passage through it of an elec-
That noble and most sovereign reason,
bubble up, burst out.] In pnthol., vesic- tric current.
ip'/.ietv,
Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune a!id harsh ;

That unmatcli'd form and feature of blown youth,

ular eruption, confined in its action to the sor- tererlsse (a-kr6-ves'), n. [P. icrevisse, a craw- blasted with ecstacy. Shak., Hamlet, iil. 1.
fish, a cuirass: see crair_^A, crayfish.] In ar-
ecstasy (ek'stfirsi), v. t. ; pret. and pp. ecstasied,
ecphonemat (ek-fo-ne'mll), n. [NL., < Gr. U- mor, a name given to any piece formed of splints, ppr. ecstasying.
[< ecstasy, n.] To fill with rap-
^vtjua, a thing called out, a sermon, < fKtpuveiv, one sliding over the other, in the manner of the
ture or enthusiasm. [Rare.] •

cry out, pronounce, < Ik, out, +

^veiv, utter a tail of the crawfish. See garde-reine, great bra-
sound, < ^uy^, the voice, a sound.] A
rhetori- guette (under hraguette), and splint. Tile i»ersons then made prophetical and inspired . . .

must needs have dlscoureed like seraphims and the most

cal exclamation or ejaculation. See ecpho- ecrhythmus (ek-rith'mus), ». [NL., < Gr. CK- ecstasied order of intelligences.
neitis. livO/inr, out of tune, < CK, out, pi^/id^, tune, Jer. +
Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 31.
ocphoneme (ek'fo-nem), n. [< Gr. hi^uivTiua: rhythm see rhythm.] In med., an irregular :
They were so ecstasied with joy that they made the
s*'c ifiihiiiiema.] The mark of exclamation (1). beating of the pulse. heavens ring with triumphant shouts and acclamations.
troohl ISfoicn, J. Scott, Christian Life, I. iv. 9 5.
6cra (e-kro' F. pron. fi-krU'), a. [F. ^cru, un- ;

ecphonesia (ck-fo-ne'sis), «. pi. ecphoneses bleached, raw, applied to linen, silk, etc., OF. ecstatic (ek-stat'ik). a. and n. [Formerly ec-
;

(-SCZ). [XL., < dr. Utpuvt/air, pronunciation, escru, < es-, hereunmeaning, + cru, raw, crude, statick, extatick; F. extatiqtte Sp. cxtdtico = =
an exclamation. < fKiV"", pronounce, cry out: < L. crudus: see crude.] 1. Unbleached: ap- Pg. extatieo It. estatico, < Gr. haTariKSi, < = =
see ecphonema] 1. In rhet., a figure which ]>lied to textile fabrics. 2. Having the color eKOTaat^, ecstasy: see — ecstasy.] I. a. 1. Per-
consists in the use of an exclamation, question, of raw silk, or of undyed and unbleached linen taining to or resulting from ecstasy; entran-
or ot%r form of words used interjectionally to hence, by extension, having any similar shade of cing; overpowering.
 " ; :: :

ecstatic 1838 ecto-entad

In penxive trance, and anguish, and eestaiick fit. final vowel and consonant in a syllable ending ectochona (ek-to-ko'na), n. pi. ectochonw (-ne).
Miiton, The Passion, 1. 42. ;

in »/, as iu the line [NL., < Gr. fxrof, outside, + x"vr/, a funnel see :
To gain Pescennius one employs his schemes
One grasps a Cecrops in eatatick dreanis. MonstrK?nhorrend«Mj, informcingens, cui lumen aiienip- cho)i€.^ An ectochone,
*"" Vtrffil, ^neid, III. 60S. ectOchone (ek'to-kon), n.
Pope, To Addison. [< NL. ectochona.
The Sonnets (Mrs. Browning's] reveal to us that Love ecthoraea, «. Plural of ecthorceum. q. v.] The outer division of a chone.
which is the most ecttatic o£ human emotions and worth ecthoraeal, ecthoreal (ek-tho-re'al), a. \< ec- In many sponges (Geoilia, Stelletta) the cortical domes
all other gifts in life. Stednwn, Vict. PoeU. p. 138.
tlwrmim + -(,l.:\ Pertaining to an ecthorieum are constricted near tlieir communication with the sub-
dermal cavity (subcortical crypt) by a transveree muscu-
2. Affected by ecstasy; enraptured; entranced, as, an ccthoraal protrusion. lar sphincter, which defines an outer division or ectochone
By making no responses to ordinary stimuli, the fcsdXic ecthoraBUm (ek-tho-re 'um), n.; pi. ecthorcea from an inner or endochone. Jincyc. Brit., XXII. 415.
subject sliows that he is "not himself. (-a). [NL., < Gr. CK, out, out of, + dnpalof, cou- ectoclinal (ek-to-kli'nal), a.
//. Spetuer, Prin. of Sociol., § 77.
[< Gr. ckto^, out-
taming the seed, < dopoq, seed, semen.] In :ooL, side, -1- K?.iveiv, lean: see clinic, clinode.)
Ib,
n. ». 1. One subject to ecstasies or raptures; tlje thread of a thread-cell; the stinging-hair 6o<., having the clinode (hymenium) and spores
an extravagant enthusiast. [Rare.] of a enida a cnidocil. ; Also ecthoreum. See exposed upon the surface of the receptacle. Le
Old Hereticks and idle Ec$taticks, such as the very primi- cut under cnida. Maout and Decaisne, Botany (trans.), p. 938.
tive times were intlnitely pestred withal. The mner wall of the sac [cnida] is produced into a ectOCOelian /„!, fA o;;'i; „„N a
,«+v,«mHo,. (ek-to-se'li-an), „ [< Gr. f((r<if, out-
Bp. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 201. slieath terminating in along thread (MjAorctwn); this is oiilo l,^"
n' no
" "
usually twisted in many coils round its sheath, and nils "^'^^K^
-I- in,5,v,i,
i^of-'ov, a
2. pi. Ecstasy ; rapturous emotion. up the open end of the sac. Pascoe, Zool. Class., p. 16. tricular; situated outside of the cavities of the
ecstatical (ek-stat'i-kal), a. [Formerly extati- brain : applied to that part of the corpus stri-
cal; < ecstatic +
-a?.] Same as ecstatic. ecthyma (ek-tlu'ma), n.; pi. ecthymata (ek-
atum (the nucleus lenticularis) which appears
thim'a-ta). [NL., < Gr. Indv/ia, a pustule, pap-
With other extaticail furies, and religious frencies, with embeddedin the wall of the hemisphere. Wilder.
ula, < ckUvciv, break out, as heat or humors, < ea,
ornaments of gold and jewels. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 66. ectocoelic (ek-to-se'lik), a. [As ecioccel-ian -(-
out, -I- dbetv, rage, boil, rush.] In pathoL, a -ic] Situated on the outside of the common
ecstatically (ek-stat'i-kal-i), adv. In an ec- large pustule intermediate in character between
cavity of a ccelenterate.
static manner rapturously ; ravishingly.
; a furuncle or boil and an ordinary pustule.
ectad (ek'tad), adv. [< Gr. without, out- A misleading appearance of ectoccelic septa is produced
t/crof, ecthymiform (ek-thi'mi-f6rm), a. [< Gr. eKdv/ia by the fact that some pairs of mesenteries die out after a
side, -I- -arfS, < L. ad, to. ] In anat., to or to- (iKdvfiaT-), a pustule, papula (see ecthyma), + very short course.
ward the outside or exterior; outward; out- L. forma, form.] Having the form of or re- O. H. Fmcler, Micros. Science, XXVIII. 5.
wardly. sembling an ecthyma. ectocon(^le (ek-to-kon'dil), n. [< Gr. hrdc, out-
Tlie dura mater may be described as ectad of the brain, ecto-. [NL. ecto-, < Gr. cKrdg, adv. and prep., side, -1- E. condyle.'] The outer or external con-
but entad of the cranium. without, outside (opposed to hrog, within: see dyle of a bone, on the side away from the body
Wilder and Gage, Anat. Tech., p. 27. eiito-), < f/c, out, + quasi-superl. suffix -ro-f.] said especially of the condyles at the lower
ectal (ek'tal), a. [< Gr. ckt6(, without, -t- -a?.] A prefix in words (chiefly biological) of Greek end of the humerus and of the femur respec-
In anat., outer; external; superficial; periph- origin, signifying outside, without, outer, ex- tively: opposed to ewtocowdyZe. Seeepicondyle.
'

eral opposed to ental.

: ternal, lying upon' as, ectoderm, the outer skin ectocoracoid (ek-to-kor'a-koid), a. [< Gr. eKTdg,
: ;

The suggestion to employ ental and ectat was welcomed, Ectozoa, external parasites: opposed to endo-, outside, -I- NL. coracoideus, the coracoid.] In
and they were published |by Wilder iu 1881]. «« to-- the dipnoan fishes, the element of the shoulder-
Wilder and Gage, Anat. Tech., p. 27. ectobasidium (ek"t6-ba-sid'i-um), n. pi. ecto- girdle outside of that with which
; the pectoral
ectasia (ek-ta'si-a), n. [NL. : see ectests.] 1. basidia (-ii). [NL., < Gr. eKrdg, outside, + NL. limb articulates. Also called clavicle,
Eetasis. — 2. Aneurism Alveolar ectasia. Same
as vegicidar emphysema (which see, under emphysema).
hasidium, q. v.] In mycol., a basidium that is ectocranial (ek-to-kra'ni-al), a. [< Gr. inrdi,
externally placed, as^in Mymenomycetes. Le outside, + /(pawov, skull: see crani«?».] Of or
eetasis (ek'tfi-sis), n. [LL., < Gr. eicraaiq, ex- Maout and Decaisne, Botany (trans.), p. ,.954. pertaining to the outer walls or surface of the
tension, < laxeivuv (= L. exten-d-ere), extend, < Ectobia (ek-to'bi-ii), «. [NL., < Gr. iiiT6(,
cKTi out- skull ; forming a part of the cranial parietes, as
«, out, + Tcivew, stretch: see extend, tend^.J 1. side, -I- /3t'of, life.] A
genus of cursorial orthop- a bone.
In ajw. orthoepy and pros. : (a) The pronuncia- terous insects, of the family Slattidce, or cock- There is a large bony tract between the squamosal
. . .

tion of a vowel as long. (6) The lengthening roaches, containing a number of small species, and the large interparietal, which is not one of the ordi-
or protraction of a vowel usually short. See as E. germanica, the croton-bug (which see) nary ectocranial bones.
diastole. — 2. Inane, rhet.: (a) The use of along sometimes synonymous with Blatta in a re-
W. K. Parker, Proc. Eoy. Soc, XXXVIII. 135.
vowel or syllable in a part of a clause or sen- stricted sense. Westwood, 1839. ectocuneifonu (ek-to-ku'ne-i-f6rm), a. and n.
tenee where it will produce a special rhythmical ectoblast (ek'to-blast), n. [< Gr. hurdg, outside. [< NL. ectocuneiforme, q. v.] I. a. In anat.,
effect. (6) The use of a form of a word longer + p.aaTog, a bud, germ.] 1. In hiol., the outer- pertaining to the outermost cuneiform bone;
than that commonly employed. This is gener- most recognizable structure of a cell a cell- eetosphenoid. ;

ally called paragoge. wall, in any way distinguished from mesoblast Union of the navicular and cuboid, and sometimes the
ectaster (ek-tas't6r), n. [NL. < Gr. eicT6(, with- or other more interior structures. The ecto- ectocuneiiform bone, of the tarsus.
,
W. H. Flower, Encyc. Brit, XV. 430.
out, -1- aarr/p, star.] Akind of sponge-spicule. blast is to a cell what the epiblast is to a more
Sollas. —
complex organism. 2. In embryol., the outer II. n. The outermost one of the three cunei-
ectatic (ek-tat'ik), a, [< Gr. cKrard^, capable primary layer in the embryo of any metazoan form or wedge-shaped bones of the distal row
of extension, < eKTelveiv, extend: see ectasia.] animal; the epiblast; the ectoderm. See cut of tarsal bones the eetocuneiform or eetosphe- ;

Exhibiting or pertaining to eetasis under Mastoccele. noid bone of the foot. See cut underfoot.
ectene, ectenes (ek'te-ne, -nez), n. [< Gr. mre- ectoblastic (ek-to-blas'tik), a. [< ectoblast +
ectocuneiforme (ek-to-lrii"ne-i-f6r'me), n. ; pi.
wfc (LGr. also enrevr/, n.), prop, adj., extended, ic. ] Pertaining to the ectoblast ; consisting of ectocuneiformia (-mi-a). [Nt., < Gr. f/irof, with-
continued (sc. iaeaia, al-r^aig, evxi, or npoaevx>/, ectoblast; ectodermal. out, -f- NL. cuneifor'me, the cuneiform bone.]
supplication, prayer), < CKTuvew, stretch out, ectoblioLUUS (ek-tob-li'kwus), «. pi. ectobliqui
;
Same as eetocuneiform.
prolong: see eetasis and extend.] In the Gr. (-kwi). [NL., < Gr. ckt6^, outside, -f L. obli- ectocyst (ek'to-sist), n. [< Gr. IktSq, outside,
Ch., one of the litanies recited by the deacon quus, oblique.] In anat., the external oblique -t- Kvarig, a bladder: see cyst.] In Polyzoa, the
and choir, it follows the gospel, and is introduced by muscle of the abdomen, the obliquus abdomi- external tegumentary layer of the coenceeium,
the words '*Let us all say with our whole soul, and with nis extemus. Also called extrobliquus. See cut forming the common cell or cyst in which each
our whole mind let us say." The choir responds with under muscle. individual zooid is contained. See the extract,
Kyrie Eleison, once after this invitation and the first peti-
tion, and thrice after the other petitions. See litany. ectocardia (ek-to-kar'di-a), «. [NL., < Gr. ck- and cuts under Polyzoa and PlumateUa,
ectental (ek-ten'tal), a. [< Gr. t/trdf, without, t6(, outside, -t- napdia, heart.] In teratol., a mal- As a rule the colonies [of polyzoans] possess a homy or
parchment-like, frequently also calcareous, exoskeleton,
+ evTdg, within, +"-al.] In embryol., of or per- formation in which the heart is out of its nor- which arises from the hardening of the cuticle around the
taining to the outer and the inner layer of a gas- mal position individual zooids. Each zooid is accordingly surrounded
trula: specifically said of the line of primitive ectocarotid (ek"t6-ka-rot'id), n. [< Gr. tard^, by a very regular and symmetrical case — the ectocyst or
juncture of the ectoderm and endoderm cir- outside, + E. carotid.] In anat., the external cell through the opening of which the anterior part of
;

soft body of the contained zooid with its tentacular

cumscribing the mouth of a gastrula. Also carotid artery; the outer branch of the com- the crown can be protruded. Claus, Zoology (trans.), II. 71.
ecto-ental. mon carotid.
ecteron (ek'te-ron), n. An erroneous form of Ectocarpaceae(ek''to-ltar-pa'se-e),n.p?. [NL., ectoderm (ek'to-derm), n. [< Gr. f ktoc, outside,
ecderon. Mii'art. < Eetocarptis + -acece.] A family of pheeo- -I- depua, skin: see derm.] The completed outer
layer of cells, or outer blastodermic membrane,
ecteronic (ek-te-ron'ik), a. An erroneous form fporie marine alg» having filamentous branch-
of eederonic. Mivart. i^g fronds, chiefly monosiphonous, with little in all metazoan animals, formed by the cells of
the epiblast, and primitively constituting the
ecthesis (ek'the-sis), n. [< Gr. iKBi:m;, a setting o'' ^o cortex,
forth, an exposition, < Ik0cto^, verbal adj. of Ectocarpeae (ek-to-kar'pe-e), n. pi. [NL., < outer wall of the whole body, as the endoderm
hrtdivat, put out, set forth, < t/c, out, -I- ridevai, Ertocarpus + -ea;.] 1. In bot., same as Ec- does that of the body-cavity an epiblast, ecto- ;

put, set.] An exposition, especially of faith, tocarpaccie. —

2. In zoiil., a division of nema- blast, or external blastoderm. The term is chiefiy
used in embryology, or of certain lower animals whose bod-
In chnrch history the Ecthexis is the decree of the emperor tophorous Ccelenterata, containing those hydro-
ies consist essentially of an outer and an inner layer, and
Heraclius, about A. I>. 638, declaring that the controversy zoans whose genitalia are developed from the not as a synonym of the epidermis or cuticle of the higher
as to whether Christ has two wills or one will with a two-
fold or theandric operation (a view acceptable to the Mono- ectoderm opposed to:Endocarpece. The group animals. See cut under gastrula.
thelites) was to l>e left an open question. is equivalent to the Hydromedusce. ectodermal (ek-to-dSr'mal), a. [< ectoderm +
The [first] I.ateran synod, by which not only the Mono- ectocarpous (ek-to-kiir'pus), a. [< 1^. ecto- -«?.] Pertaining to the ectoderm; consisting
thelite doctrine but also the moderating ecthesis of Hera- carpus, < Gr. tKrd'^, outside, -t- KaprcA^, fruit.] of ectoderm as, the ectodermal layer of a cce-:

clius and typus of Constans II. were anathematized. Having external genitals, or developing sexual lenterate.
Encyc. Brit., XV. 646. products from the ectoderm, as a hydromedu- The ovary bursts its ectodermal covering.
ecthlipsis (ek-thlip'sis), n. [LL., < Gr. IkOX san of or pertaining to the_ _Ectocarpew. W. B. Carpenter, Micros., § 515.
V'f, ecthUpsis, lit. a squeezing out, < eiMXpuv, Ectocarpus\ek-t6-ki&'pus), n. [NL.: see ecto- ectodermic (ek-to-dfer'mik), a. [< ectoderm +
squeeze out, < £K, out, + e>.i/fev, squeeze. Cf. carpous.] In 6o<., the principal genus of -Ecto- -«.] Same a» ectodermal,
elmon.] In Gr. and Lat. gram., omission or carpacew, including a largo number of olive- ecto-entad (ek"t6-en'tad), adv. [<,Gr. h-rdg,
suppression of a letter ; especially, in Lat. brown fllamentous species, many of which grow ivithout, + fvrof, within. -t- -nrfS. Cf. ectad, en-
gram., elision or suppression in utterance of a, attached to larger algae. tad,] In anat., from without inward. [R^'e.}
 ecto-«ntad 183»
Apart may be divided by cutting either eeto-mtad, ectropic
from primaries, a long cuneate UU
of 12 tapering acuminate
without inward, or ento-ectad, from witliin outward.
feathers, wing-coverts with black spots,
partv?colorea tail-
ectosome (ek'to-som), «. [< Gr. «r<if, outside,
Wilder and Gage, AnaL Tecll., p. 27. feathers, an iridescent neck, and the
sexes distinguishable
oy color, h. migratorius is the common wild
+ au,m, body.] In sponges, the outer region
ecto-ental (ek'to-en'tal), a. Same as ectental. piseon or forming the roof and walls of the
The mesoderm puws out from the passenger-pigeon of North America. See cut
under ^^ subdermai
ecloental line. senger-pigeon.
vas- chambers, composed of ectoderm and
C. S. Minol, .Medical News, XLIX. a super-
249. ficial layer of endoderm;
ectoplasm (ek'to-plazm), n. [< Gr. £/c7<if, with- the cortex: distin-
ectogastrocnemius (ek-to-gas-trok-ne'mi-us), out, -I- a thingformed, < nMaaetv, form.] guisned trom choanosome and endosome.
TT/jia/ia,
«. : pi. cctiHiastroaiemii (-i).
[NL., < Gr. iia-d^, 1. In zool., the exterior protoplasm or sarcode " ™''*'^''= '"y^"' between a retic-
outside, +
-,aaTi/t), stomach,
Kvijiiri, the lower + of a cell; the ectosarc: applied to the ul Jt'ion''n?ZT""'
ulation '"T
of ectosome on the one s de and of endoderm and
'""'°''^™' ""«*
leg, tibia.]The outer gastroenemial muscle, denser mesoderm, i. e., endosoiiie, on the other
exterior substance of inf usorians and
or outer head of the gastrocnemius the gas- other uni- SollcK, Encyc. Brit., XXII. 415
; cellular organisms, or of a free
trocnemius cxtemus. See cut under muscle. protoplasmic ectosphenoid (ek-to-sfe'noid), n.
body, as a zoospore. [< Gr. Ut6c
ectpgenous (ek-toj'e-nus), a. without, -I- (T^TvoEid^f, wedge-shaped:
[< Gr. exrof, out- In the Infusoria, which are covered see sphe-
side, + --jniK, producing: see -genous.'] Origi- by a firm cuticle nota.] bame as ectocuneifortn. [Rare 1
nating or developed outside of the host; exter- """^ "' ^"«^°''« (ei.doplasm) ectosporOUS (ek-to-sp6'rus),
whTh f.
which is HUH'„"Tf'™"Il:"'*
distinct from the more compact
peripheral layer
a. [< Gr. etcrdc,
nally parasitic : opposed to endogenous. of sarcode (.ectoplasm). Claus, 2^1o^(trans ), I 54!^
outside, + seed: see spore.] Forminff
oTTopoc,
Some of the pathogenous bacUria are accustomed to spores exteruaUy exosporous.
2. In 6o<. , the outer hyaUne layer
or film of the
;

derelope and multiply without the body, while others ectOSteal (ek-tos'te-al), a. [< Gr. hroc,
protoplasmic mass within a ont-
only do so within it The former kind we may describe
as tctogenoui, the latter as endogenous. ectoplasBUC (ek-to-plaz'mik),
cell. side, +
oGT(ov, bone, -t- -al]
Relating to or
a. [< ectoplasm situated on the outside of a bone;
ZiegUr, Pathol. Anat (trans.), i. § 203. + -ic.J Pertaining to or consisting of ecto- from without inward, as a growth of
proceeding
ectoglntaeus (ek-to-gl6'te-us), n.; pi. cctoglutwi plasm. bone,
ectosteally (ek-tos'te-al-i), adv. In an ectos-
(-i). [XL., < Gr. t/crof, without, + jXotn-of, the ectoplastic (ek-t«-plas'tik), a. Same as ecto- teal manner or position.
rump, buttocks: see glutwus, gluteal.'] Inanat, plasmtc.
ectostosiS (ek-tos-to'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. hrSc,
the outer or great gluteal muscle; the glute- "'*''' cortical substance (which is outside, -I- o<7Tcov, bone, -I- .osis.]
us maximus. Also ectogluteus. See cut under nJ^*fnl?*'*'!''*"i'",
not a frequent or striking phenomenon
in tissue-cells) may
That form
of ossification of cartilage which
muscle.
^Holfff fh " ^" r'"'^^"' ('• peripheral) modifl
the protoplasii,, comparable to the
« immediately under the perichondrium
begins in or
ectoglnteal (ek-to-glo't^-al), a. [< ectogluUeus (central)
. ,i^^?^ entoplastic also ;
mo<iitkation which produces a nucleus. growth of bone from without inward;
+ -al.] Pertaining to the eetoglutaeus. Also £. Jt Lanketter, Encyc. Brit., XIX. 833. teal ossification.
perios-
ectogluUeal.
ecto;>opliteal (ek'to-pop-Ut'e-al), a. ectothecal (ek-to-the'kal), a. [< Gr. f/cr<if, out-
ectolecithal (ek-to-les'i-thal), a. [< Gr. Urdc r< Gr
outside, -I- /i«&f, yolk, + -a/.] In embryol'
«rof, otitside + Upoples (po'plit.),
hock, knee': side, + drjK^, case: see theca.] In hot, having
seepop/iteaZ.] In anat., situated upon thecffl or asci exposed, as in
discomycetoul
noting those ova which have the food-yolk the outer
ripheral in positiou, and thus exterior to the
pe- side of the popliteal space or
region : as, the ec- tungi and gj-mnocarpous lichens; discomyce-
topophteal nerve. tous; gymnocarpous.
formative yolk. The cleavage or segmentation is
con- Ectoprocta (ek-to-prok'tS),
sequently lonftned at first to the inner parts of
the ovum
n. pi. [NL., neut. ectotriceps (ek-tot'ri-seps), n. : pi. ectotricepites
and it 18 only in later stages, when the foodyolk
has shift-
pi. otectoiiroctus.] A division of the Foluzoa (ek-tot-n-sep'i-tez). [fo,., < Gr. itcrdc, out-
by hav- side, -I- Nh. triceps.] In anat., the outer head
ed to the center, that the cleavage becomes established by Nitsche, characterized
peripheral
*° example. See centroUeUkcU, ing tue anus outside of the circlet of or external division of the triceps muscle
laoUMI^ tentacles-
arm, considered as a distinct muscle.
of the
opposed to Endoprocta. See the extract. Also ex-
The first proce»«««of legmenUtion In these at lint
Ui^hal ova are withdrawn from obMnration, dnco erto- tra triceps.
they the eiidocyst constats 01 two
take place In the centre of an egg corered by I.^J""!
layers, an^'•'^•^<'i
outer and Inner; of which the former Ectozoa (ek-to-z6'a), n. pi.
a supertlcial [NL., pi. of ecto-
layer of food yelk. Claru, Zo«logy (trmn«.ri. ll" rege«nutlve of the ectoderm in other anirals is the zoon, q. v.] External parasites in
T^e general, as
Ectolithia (ek-ta-lith'i-S), n. pi. [NL., < Gr ck- fl^ .h?„
Perivisceral cavity, and is re-
''*,ri.*''' "'i''"
over the tentacular
distingmshed from Entozoa, or internal para-
ru^, outside + >.,6iof, Stone.] Those radiolari- Ifc^ i^T?nl'";K"r.'^'r™""'''^'
•heath and Into the interior of the tentacula, whence
it ^}ht^l
other '"',"\*''n
or £pizoa, are Ectozoa, as are
flsh-Iice,
ans which have an external silicious 8 continued on to the alimentary canal, of which lice, ticks, fleas, etc. The term is a vague one, hav-
skeleton it forms
or exoskeleton distinguished from
: Endolithia.
'"'';»'?'«''' The endoderi,, which lines
inme'n.T,""canal is of course
alimentary thi f.Vm ?
tural affinity
''*'"''^.?:'^"'''™""' ""'•
among
implying no struc-
the creatures designated by it AUo
Only, a few (radiolarians)
, remain naked
-."-J ...utMui and without
ii&Acuaiiu wiinout nmi
firm oral opening, with the ectoderm.
continuous, through the
called ectoparantes. "
deposiU: as a rule, the soft body ectozoan (ek-to-zo'an), n. [< Ectozoa
skeleton which either Ilea entirely
pooeaaet a alUciOM Huxley, Anat. Invert, p. 671. ..an.] +
'ouSdTthecent.S ectoproctotis
capsule (BdolUhia), or U partially iithlnlt (ek-to-prok'tus), a.
One of the Ectozoa; an epizoan; an ectopara-
(Endomhl?) [< NL. ecto- site. ^
Claut, Zodlogy (trans.), I. lea. priH-tus, < (ir. f/crof, outside, -I-
wpuKT6^, the
ectollttlc (ek-to-lith'ik), a. [As Ectolithia anus, posteriors.] Pertaining to or having
+
ectpzoic (ek-to-zo'lk), a. [< Ectozoa
the tamm^ to the -ic] Fer- +
-ic. J fcxtraeapsular or exoskeletal, as the skel- characters of the Ectoprocta: si>eciHeally ap- Ectozoa; epizoic; ectoparasitio.
plied to those polyzoans, as the ectozodn (ek-to-z6'on), «. [NL., < &r. Ikt6<;,
.* 'adiolarian; of or pertaining to the Gymnolamat'i, outside, -t-
^L- ,°,°f fvov, animal.]
ArWiWiw; not endolithic. which have the anus One of the Ectozoa
situated outside the cir- ;
clet of tentacles an ectozoan.
ectomere (ek'to-mer), «. [< Gr. eicrdc, outside, : opposed to cndoproctous.
+ f-eix>f, part.] In embryol., the less granular
Ectrephes (ek'tre-fez),
,1. [NL. (Pascoe, 18(36),
of thetwo blastomeres into which the mamma- „»'.'i.'"'
of J^" Po'n'S'iout
the ectvproctou,
that the characterUtlcpolypide
Polyioa is a structure developed from <hr.jKTpf^iv, bring up, breed, produce,
< m,
ban ovum divides: also appUed to a descen- ine cystld. Uuzley, Anat """"sli-] A genus of beetles, of
Invert., p. 896. ?^\ X'^i"'
the family Pttmdte, containing a few Australian
dant of this blastomere in the flist stages ectopterygoid (ek-top-ter'i-goid), a. and n. [<
of species. Also Anapcstus.
development. See blagtomere, entomereT SUectophrygoideus, q. v.] I. a. Pertaining
ertomerlc (ek-to-mer'ik), (1. \<eeUmere-¥-ic.-\ to tlie external pterygoid bone or muscle. ^i^o^w°^* .<«''-t"-V'^-^)' "• [NL- (ServiUe,
^•••,'''' o^t. + rpix^drit, like
Having the character of an ectomere
ectoparasite <ek-t6-par'a-mt), n. [< Gr. tKri^,
*¥u
of the
",•
^^} —external pterygoid bone; one /fit'/
-— lateral bones of the
.^^.^ V*
< I'P'i {rpix-), hair, -f tlSot, form.]
hair, hairy,
A genus of
palate ui
vn^j j'uiaLt, some ani- bugs, of the family Reduviidw
of Buiue
outsKlf, + Tapaanot, a parasite: see mals, as reptiles. It i.s highl
v developed for in- and subfamily
parasite.] Ectrtchodiina: jy. crucfo-
An external parasite; a parasite living upon stance, in the crocodile. See Crocodilia.—2. la is a generally distributed
the exterior of the host, as distinguish^ in typical fishes, the external of two
from bones just
behind the palatine, generally called nteruootrf. —
species in the I'nited States,
abor
lilt half an inch long, of

shining brightred color, va-

a
"° •'••"iflctory significance Inl^iS. t»ee cut under paUito.quadrate.—Z. In anat.
^"^r SSnT" the ectoptervgoid muscle. ' riegate'd with black, short,
stout, hairy antennae of a
ectoparadtic (ek-to-par-a-sit'ik), a. [< ecto- ectopterygoweua dusky color, and thick, pice-
(ek-top-ter-i-goi'de-ns), n •
parastte +
-ic] Pertaining to or of the
nature pi. cct»ptrryg„i,lei (-i). [NL., < Gr. f'-crdf, outi nus nostrum.
or an ectoparasite or of ectoparasites
; epizoic.
In the entoparasiOc forma of this division
»vle, + pterygoideus : see pterygoid.] In Ectrichodides (ek-tri-
lil,.
the »Uual or- anat., the external pterygoid muscle. kod'i-dez), n.7)Z. [NL.]
See A group of hemipterous
T.t^^'lR^T' ""^ "" '^'"*"' " ">"/^the pterygoideus.
insects, represented by
Otgenbaur, Comp. AnaL (trans.), p. 154
ectopy (ek'to-pi), n. Same as ectopia.
ectosarc (ek'to-sttrk), n. [< Gr. eicTd^, outside the genus Ectrichodia.
ectopectoralls (ek-to-pek-td-ra'lis), n.
topectorales (-Igz).
;
+ pi. ec- cap, (aapK-), flesh.]
u] The
T' ectoplasm of a
'
Same as EctrichodiiniB.
[? Gr. iKric, outside; + L.
pectorahs, pectoral: see jpeetoran protozoan; the exterior substance of the body Ectrichodlins (ek-tri-
In anat of an animal of low organization, as an kod-i-i'ne), «.^;. [NL.,
the outer or great pectoral muscle; amceba
thepeoto^ or other rhizopod or protozoan, < Ectrichodia + -ina.]
rali.s major (which
see, vaxAer iiectoralisS. in any way dis-
ectopia (ek-fo'Di-S), n. tinguished from an endosarc ; the usually thick- A subfamily of bugs, of
[NL., < Or. ^irAr.of, er, the family Keduriida',
t/tro^of, away from a denser, tougher, or otherwise modified
place, out of place, out pro-
of the way, <r^«, out, -f- t6wo^, toplasm which forms un envelop of the body typified by the genus
pUce: lee ulpie.-] differentiated from as
In pathol., morbid displacement the interior substance' or Ectrichodia.
of parts, usu-
'»»»«'» <=hlefly in connection with ectrodactylia (ek'tro-
fi^K,"".'^''""*';,''^'
'"'^''y^'" o' tte heart or of «m!lh."H' JP" tf.™ dak-til'i-a), n. [NL'.,
the bladder. Also cctopy. '" ""ich, though tliere may
rj??,
be no Y?',?"'*';,'"'''??^!;^''
deflnltc cell-wall, the outer sarcode
is differentiated irreg. < Gr. ittrpuai^,
ectopic (ek-top'ik), a. [< ectopia + .ic.] In ».,„„. ,vuy fr,„„ the inner substance, £ctrichi)tiia cruciata.
actenzed by ectopia. j
Char-
v- »r or endosarc miscarriage, + SaKrv7jo<:,
ectosarcode (ek-to-siir'kod), n. Same as ecto- finger.] (Line shows natural size.)
sarc In teratol., a
•»• Vt»«xAlng in an abiior- malformation in which one or more fingers are
mi'l'oSi^'
mal -h.'V^'"^.-.'!;*'
locality, which is unfit for the office imposed ectosarcodoos (ek-to-sar'ko-dus), a. [< ecto- wanting.
_ * Bama, DU. of Women,upon it.
p. 370. sarcode + -«»«.] Consisting of
external sar- ectrodactylism (ek-tro-dak'ti-lizm),
Ectopistes f ek-to-pis'tez), n. [NL.. < Gr. Urn. code ; constituting an ectosarc n. [As
; ectoplasmic. ccirodactijl-ia + -ism.] Same as ectrodactylia. '
''."», wander migrate, <
/arojrof, away from a ectosarcons (ek-to-sar'kus), a. [< ectosarc + ectropic (ek-trop'ik), a.
place, < « + rAiTor place.] Gr. eKvpom;,
of the family Columhida.
A genus of pigeons, -mis.] Of or pertaining to the ectosarc. [<
ing out of the way, < inrpiKcw, turn out, <
turn-
They have short Un. ectpsomal (ek'to-s6-mal), a. [< ectosome + -al.] out, -I- Tpciretp, «,
""^ ""*' '' '™"'' • .h»rt Wll ferth^rrj Of or pertaming to the ectosome ; cortical, as
turn.] Turned outward or evert-
SI'orwarS'H
ttr forward, the wing, .cutely ed, as an eyelid, when the inner
p«lnte<l by the first tliree the extenor region of a sponge. or conjuno-
Uval surface is exposed, as in ectropion.
 — ) ^

ectropical 1840 -ed

[< Gr. ck, out, + produced by eczema as, eczematous eruptions.

—
:
ectropical (ek-trop'i-kal), a.
r^jo-iKoi;, tropio (see tropic), + -al.'] Belong- 2. Afflicted with eczema.
ing to parts outside the tropics extratropical. ; ed. An abbreviation (a) of editor; (b) of edi-
tion.
[Bare.]
ectropion, ectropinm (ek-tro'pi-on, -um), n. ed-i. [ME. ed-, < AS. cd- = OS. idui) = OFries.
= ORG. MHG. ite- = Icel. idh- =
[NL., < Or. CKTpomov, everted eyelid, < iKTponoq, ct- it-, ita-,

turning out: see ec<TOj)ic.] la. pathol.: (o) An Goth, a prefix equiv. to L. re-, again, back:
id-,
abnormal eversion or turning outward of the see re-.] A prefix now obsolete or occurring
evelids. (6) Eversion of the cer\'ical endomet- uufelt in a few words, meaning 'again, back,
rium of the womb. re-,' as in edgrow, cdgrowth, ednew. See eddish,
ectropometer (ek-tro-pom'e-t6r), n. [< Gr. U- Obveree. Reverse. eddy.
Tpo-ij, a turning off, turning aside (< iKrpeiretv, fecuofJamesV.of Scotland.— BritishMuseum. (Sizeof theoriginal.) JJd-^. [ME. Ed-, < AS. Edd-, B, COmmOU element
turn off: see ectropic), + fierpov, a measure.] in proper names, being edd, happiness, pros-
of issue 20 shillings English.— 4. In France, perity,"= OS. 6d, estate, property, wealth, pros-
An instrument used on shipboard for determiu- a sum of money, formerly consisting of three
Lnc^,nowgenerallyoffivefrancs.-5.Avege-
perity, =
OHG. 6t, estate, Icel. audhr, riches, =
^^^^^SS^'^^^^'T^^^^^^^!^^.
sockets on the deck table tracing-paper, \0 inches. Minim- X M wealth: see allodium.'] An element in proper
slsts of a verticalstanchion fitted in names of Anglo-Saxon origin, meaning origi-
or bridge and surmounted by a compass-card without a luond.
tij_„_
^
magnet The (»rd tm-ns on a vertical axis and is fitted /„i,__,jiJ5/-„j,-v „ oq^ «.
an alidade. The magnetic heading of the ship being •'^?™*?°^„*°-,^®S J^„ asEcuadonan.
adjusted on this card to a line parallel with the keel, the dor -\- -ail.^ Same .,„
S^j'
[<
'"
Ecua-
nally 'property' (in Anglo-Saxon, 'prosperity'
or 'happiness'), as Edward, Anglo-Saxon iirfd-
weard, protector of property; Edwin, Anglo-
alidade gives readily the beaiing of laud, lighthouses, etc. Ecuadorian (ek-wa-do ri-an), a. and n. l<,
Saxon Eddwine, gainer or friend of property.
AUo rktropometer. i'ciwjdoc ( Sp. i?CHador, SO called because crossed
^

+ edl, -ed^. [(l) -edl, pret. {-ed, -d, or -t, or en-

ectrotic (ek-trot'ik), o. [< Gr. £ktputik6(, of or ^^y ^j^g equator, < Sp. eeuador E. equator) = tirely absent, according to the preceding ele-
for abortion, < inrpuaiq, abortion, <_*tKr/)uTOf, .ja,j/] j_ a. Pertaining to Ecuador: as, the
verbal adj. of tuTirpuoKtiv, abort, < ck, out, - - - + ments), < ME. -ed, rarely -ad, earlier reg. -e-de
Ecuadorian '
fauna.
(,-a-de), -de, pi. -e-den (-a-den), -den (usually
TtTpixjKuv, Tpuetv, wound, injure.] In med., pre- [of the Andes).
The Ecuadorian section spelled -t, -te, -ten, when so pronounced, as after
venting the development or causing the abor- Encyc. Brit., VII. 644.
certain consonants (see below) and in northern
tion of a disease.
ectypal(ek'ti-pal), a. [< cct^je + -ai.] Taken
II. n. A
native of Eeuador, a republic of use also after the vowel, -et, -it, whence mod.
[Rare.]
South America, on the Pacific, north of Peru, Sc. -et, -it), < AS. -e-de, -o-de (rarely -a-de), or,
from the original ; imitated.
ecumenic, oecumenic (ek-u-men'ik), a. [= F. without the preceding vowel, -de, pi. -e-don,
Exemplars of all the ectypal copies.
Ellis, Knowledge of Divine Things, p. 417.
eecumcnique =
Sp. ecumenico =
Pg. It. ecumeirico -o-<Jott, -dore(spelled-<c, -ton, after consonants re-

Ectypal world, in Platonic j)Ai(os., the phenomenal world,

(cf. G. deumenisch =
Dan. Sw. oktimenisk), < LL. quiring such assimilation, as miste, cyste, drypte,
the world of sense, as distinguished from the archetypal
cecumenicus, < Gr. olKovfievtKoc, general, universal, etc., E. mist, kist, dript, now usually by confor-
or noumenal world. of or from the whole world, < oIkov/uvt;, the in- mation missed, kissed, dripped, etc.), the pret.
ectype (ek'tip), n. [= F. ectype Sp. ectipo = = habited world, the whole world, fem. (se. >;;, suffix proper being simply -de, the preceding
Pg. ectypo, < L. ecfypus, engraved in relief, em- earth) of oiKovp.evoc, ppr. pass, of ohelv, inhabit, y^^el representing the suffix -ia, Goth, -ja, etc.
bossed, < Gr. fKrun-of, engraved in relief formed , < okof, a house: see economy. Same as ecu-"]
Teut. *-ja, '-jo, formative of weak verbs OS. ; =
in outline, < ek, out, +
figure see <ype.]
rinrof, : menical (which is the usual form). -a-da, -o-da, -da =
OFries. -e-de, -a-de, -de, -te =
1. Areproduction or copy of an original;^ ecumenical, oecumenical (ek-u-men'i-kal), a. D. -de =
MLG. -e-de, -de, -te OHG. -o-ta, =
-e-ia,
copy: opposed to jjroto/ype. [< ecumenic, oecumenic, + -al.] General; uni- -i-ta, MHG. -e-te, -te, G. -te Icel. -adha, -dha, =
The complex ideas of substances are ec(i/pes or" copies." versal; specifically, belonging to the entire -da, -ta =Sw. -a-de, -de Dan. -de, -te = Goth, =
Locke, Human Understanding, II. xxxi. 13. Christian church. (with persons indicated) 1 -da (-i-da,-o-da, -ai-
Some regarded him [Klopstock] as au ectype of the an- No other literature [than the French] exhibits so expan- da), 2 -des, 3 -da, dual 2 -dedu, 3 -deduts, pi. 1
cient prophets. Eng. Cyc. skilfully or
and oecumenical a genius, or expounds so
sive -dedum, 2 -deduth, 3 -deduu; being orig. the re-
Specifically — 2. In arch., a copy in relief or appreciates so generously foreign ideas.
Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 160.
duplicated pret. of AS. don, E. d(A, etc., name-
embossed. ly, AS. dide, E. did, used as a pret. formative:
[< Gr. The assumption of the title of (Ecumenical Patriarch
ectypography (ek-ti-pog'ra-fi), n. £/c-
was another proof of the vast designs entertained by the see dol. (2) -ed?, pp. (-ed, -d, or -t, or entirely
TVTToq, engraved in relief (see ectype), + -jpa<pia, < Bishops of Constantinople. absent, according to the preceding elements),
ypaifieiv, write, engrave.] J. M. Neale, Eastern Church, i. 29. < ME. -ed, -d, also -t (when so pronounced, as
A method of etching in Both kings bound themselves to maintain the Catholic after certain consonants (see above) and in
which the lines are left woi-ship inviolate, . . and agi-eed that an cecunienical
.
northern use also after the vowel, -et, -it, whence
council should at once asseinble, to compose the religious
in relief upon the plate Motley, Dutch Kepublic, I. 202. mod. Sc. -et, -it), < AS. -e-d, -o-d, rarely -ad, of-
differences.
instead of being sunk ten in the pi. -e-d-e, etc., with syncope of the
The ancient Greek Church is the mother of oecumenical OS. OFries. D. =
into it.
orthodoxy; she elaborated the fundamental dogmas of preceding vowel -d-e, -t-e;
^CU or a'ku), n.
(a-kii' the Trinity and the Person of Christ, as laid down in the =
MLG. LG. -d OHG. MHG. G. -t Icel. -dhr, =
[F., a shield (applied Apostles' and the Nlcene creeds. -dr, -tr, m., -dh, -d, -t, f., -t, neut., Sw. -t = =
also to a coin, etc.), < Schaff, Christ and Christianity, p. 10.
Dan. -t =
Goth, -th-s L. -tu-s =
Gr. -ro-c = =
Ecumenical bishop, a first assumed by John the
OP. escu, escut, < L. title
Skt. -ta-s ; a general adj and pp. suffix quite dif-
.

Faster, I'atriarch of Constantinople, in the latter part of

scutum, a shield: see
the sixth century. Gregory the Great, Bishop of Rome
ferent from -edl, though now identified with it in
escutcheon, scutum.'] 1. (590-604), strongly opposed the use of the title; but from form. The suffix appears in L. -a-t-u-s (E. -ate^,
The shield carried by a the time of Boniface III. (007), on whom it was conferred -adei, -ada, -ado, -eel, etc. ; disguised in vari-
mounted man-at-arms by the emperor Pliocas, it has been used by the popes as ous forms, as in arm-y), -i-tus, -i-tus (E. -i7ei,
their riglit.— Ecumenical council. See council, 7.— Ecu- -j<i), -e-tus, -u-tus (E. -ute), and without a pre-
in the middle ages; es-
menical divines, in the Gr. Ch., a title given to St. Basil
pecially, the triangular the Great, St. Gregory the Divine, and St. John Chrysos- ceding vowel as -tus (E. -t, as in fea-t. fac-t,
shield of no great length tom. etc.).] The regular formative of the preterit
carried during the thir- ecumenically, oecumenically .
(ek-u-men'i- . or past tense, and the perfect
^ —participle,
, - ^ re- .

teenth and fourteenth kal-i), adv. In a general or ecumenical manner, gpectively, of English "weak" verbs: suffixes of
centuries, and hung ecumenicity, (ecumenicity (ek"u-me-nis'i-ti), different origin (see etymology), but now identi-
around the neck by the «. [= P. wcumenicite = Pg. ecumenicidade ; as gg,! in form and phonetic relations, and so con-
guige, so as to cover the fecu.
ecumenic, oecumenic, + -ity.] The character of veniently treated together. Either suffix is attach-
(From Viollet-le-Duc's "Diet,
left arm and left side. da Mobilier fran^ais.") being ecumenical. ed (with suppression of final silent •«, if any) to the in-
The name of several finitive or first pel-son indicative, and varies in pronun-
2. SomeCatholics have protested against the cecmnenicity
ciation and spelling according to the preceding consonant
gold and silver coins current in France from of the synod in 1311 at Vienna, generally reckoned the
(the final consonant of the infinitive) : (I) ed, pronounced
15th oecumenical [council]. Encyc. Brit., VI. 611.
the fourteenth century onward, having a shield ed after t, d, as in heated, loaded, etc., and archaically in
as part of their type in English usually ren- 6cusson(a-kil-s6u'),re. [¥.:%ee escutcheon.] In
: other positions, as In hallowed, raised, etc., and usually
dered crown. Among these coins were the icu d'or her., an escutcheon, especially an escutcheon in some perfect participles used adjectively, as in Messed,
crooked, unnged, etc., parallel to blest, c!Ot>A:«i(proimunced
<goldeu crown), the ecu a la couronne (icu with the crown). of pretense, or inescuteheon. (2) -ed, pro-
krukt), winged (pronounced wingd), etc.
ecyphellate (e-si-fel'at), a. [< NL. "ecyphcl- nounced (with suppression of the vowel) d, after a sonant,
latus, < L. e- priv. +
NL. cypliclla, q. v.] In namely, 6, g " hard," g "soft " (-ge = dzh or zh), j (written
-ge, as preceding), s (-se = z), th(= dh), v, z, I, m, n, ng, r, as
lot., without eyphella3: applied to lichens, etc. rouged, hedged,
in robed, robbed, lagqed, raged, engaged,
eczema (ok'ze-ma), n. [NL., < Gr. cKlicfia, a cu- raised, posed, smoothed, breathed, lived, buzzed, boiled,
taneous eruption, < boil up or out, < «,
f /.fcZv, felled, beamed, dreamed, stoned, leaned, hanged, barred,
out, + ftii), boil.] An
inflammation of the 'abhorred, etc. (but after the liquids I, m, n, r, in some
words also or only -( ; see below), or after a vowel, or a
skin attended with considerable exudation of vowel before ft or w, as in hoed, rued, brayed, loued, awed,
lymph. Ordinarily the eczematons patch is red, slightly hurrahed, etc.— most words of this class being fonnerly
swollen, more or less incrusted, and moist on the removal written without the vowel, which subsetineutly came to
of the crust, and causes considerable itching and smart- be indicateil, pedantically, by an apostrophe, as in rais'd,
ing.— Eczema papillosum, the form of eczema charac- breath'd, livd, etc. (this device being still retained by
terized by papules, the swollen papillre of the skin.— some, for its apparent metrical value, in verse, but other-
Obverse. Reverse. Eczema rubrum. («> Pityriasis rubra. ((/) Acute ec- wise little used in verbs, though it is tlie rule in the analo-
fecu d'Or of Charles VI., Kinjf of France.— British Museum. zema when the color of the skin is very red.— Eczema gous instance of the possessive case of nouns, as in «ioii'«,
( Size of the original. squamosum, (a) Chronic eczema marked by the exfoli- boy's, etc.), except in a few words which have preserved
ation of large ([uantitics of epithelial scales, (b) Pityri- the simple form, namely, (8) -d, pronounced d (the vowel
the feu au eoleil (^cu with the sun), (Sen blanc (white asis rulira.— Erythematous eczema, a mild form of ec- being suppressed in both pronunciation and spelling), as
crown), and ecu d'arffent (silver crown). The specimen of zema, marked by little more than redness of the skin (ery- in laid, paid, staid, shod, heard, sold, told, and (with loss
the ecu d'or of Charles VI. (A. D. 1380-1422) here illus- thema).— Vesicular eczema, the form or stage of ecze- of the final consonant of the iiiflnitive)cirtrf, had, and made
trated weighs 61 grains. ma in which the eruption consists of vesicles containing (so spelled to preserve the
" long" vowel), aiyl, in jireterit
3. A
Scotch gold coin, also called crown, issued serum. _,
[= P. eczema-
only, amid, should, icoiiM— these forms being incgiilar
•'

in the sixteenth century by James V. and by eczematoUS (ek-zem'a-tus), a. in spelling only {laid, paid, staid), or 111 spelling and pro-
sots. It was worth at the time
Hary, Queeikof Scots, teux ; < eczema^t-) + -ous.] 1. Pertaining to or nunciation, as compared with the fonns having the usual
 ; :

-ed 1841 Edenic

-ed. (4) -td, pronounced t (the vowel being suppressed and
the d assimilated to the preceding consonant) after a surd,
[Prov. Eng.] —
2. The binding at the top of eddy, or so as to resemble the movement of an
namely, c "soft (=»),(;*(= tsh),/,k, p,gu{= t), ssurd,
'
stakes used in making hedges. Sometimes eddy.
«*, (A surd, X (= k>), as in /need, enticed, matched, cuffed, called eddering. Wright. [North. Eng.] Time must be given for the Intellect to eddy about a
coughed (pronounced kdft), looked, lacked, tipped, piqued, In lopping and felling save edder and stake, truth, and to appropriate its bearings.
pre8aed,aasMd, clashed, toothed, earthed, mixed, etc., such Thine hedges as needeth to mend, or to make.
Tordi being formerly, as a rule, and still optionally (in De Quincey, Style, i.
Tusser, One Huiuired Points of Good Husbandry. As they looked down upon the tumult of the people
Terse, as preferred by Tennyson and other modern jxwts,
or in restored or reformed spelling), spelled as pronounced, 3. In Scotland, straw ropes used in thatching deepemng and eddying in the wide square, they ut- . . .

with (, as liHikt, tackt, tipt, preM, mixt, fixt, etc. in some tered above them the sentence of warning— "Christ shall
corn-ricks. ;
come."
words, where -ed after a liquid, /. hi, n, r, or a vowel, is Rxtskin.
pronounced t instead of, as regularly, d, and in some wonls
edder^• (ed'^r> r t
.'''•'' [< edderl, n., 3.] To bind With eddying whirl the waters lock
or make tight with edder ; fasten, as the tops
•

after;;, the spelling -^prevails, either exclusively (and then
accompanied by a change of the radical vowel), as in dealt, of hedge-stakes, by interweaving edder. Mor-
felt, bought, caught, thought, wrought, Orought, sought, timer.
taught, tlepl, twept, wept, etc., or with a parallel form in
pHi1pr2
""""^ loA'br^ «
^«i>,«r;) » [A dial.
-ed pronounced it, as in tpelt, tpiU, spoilt, dreamt, leant,
pent, burnt, etc. (the t in some cases absorbing the final * An adder; a serpent. [Now only Scotch.]
.
Yon treeless mound forlorn,
The sharp-winged sea-fowls breeding rock,
That fronts the Spouting Horn.
O. W. Holmes, Agnes.
var. of adder^, q. v.]
II. trans. To cause to move in an eddy col-
lect as into an eddy; cause to whirl.
;

d of the inflnitive, as in beta, blent, built, girt, etc.), with Ye eddris and eddris briddis, hou sehulen ye fie fro the [Rare.]
parallel forms spelled, spilled, etc. (bended, girded, etc.). doom of belle? The circling mountains eddy in
Wyclif, Mat. xxiii.
<6) In some monosyllables the sufll.n -ed, reduced to d or From the bare wild the dissipated storm. Thomson.
-(, uabove, has blemled » itii the final d or -t of the inflni-
For eddres, spirites, monstres, thyng of drede.
Uve, forming, in earlier spelling, a double consonant, dd
To make a sniuke and stynke is goode in dede. eddy-water (ed'i-wa't6r), n. Naut., same as
or tt, which has since been simplified, as in shed, shred, Palladius, Husboudrie (E. E. T. S.X p. 34. dead-wdter.
hit, split, etc, all trace of the suffix being thus effaced, 2t. A fish like a mackerel. eddy-wind (ed'i-wind), n. The wind moving
and such
ui.li pict^rius and pasi.
preterits niiu past purkicipies
participles ueing
being assimiiatea
assimilated euuerS
edderS «
K. oee eddoes
See in an eddy near a sail, a mountain, or any other
to the; infinitive; "" original
infinitive an ' vnurul in
\nnir vowel
nfiiriiml long >, *\,cl t.iMiil* •-..
the inflnitive i w « a.
pjJi- .
/„j/:i,i _
.
eddoes.
r/ i'
beconi:ning short in the preterit and past participle, as in ^^^\ *^
iV
Edda
i!
Of or relat
,V-
"*•'
object.+ -jc]
read, preterit and past participle r«<uj
read (red), lead, preteri
preterit "'g i** the bcandiuaviian Eddas .s having the edelforsite (ed'el-for-sit), n. [< .Xdelfors (see
;
and past participle led (where the change is recogiiizeif character or style of the Eddas as, the EdtUc *l^f) + -<<e2.] in mineral., a compact calcium
:
the spelling), and hence, rarely, in the infinitive, as in silicate from ^delf ors in Sweden, probably the
Vread, preterit and past participle spread. Some'words
ending in -edi (participles used as adjectives) may with pS'Zh*%d°lhf
Cddlsn ?'?F
(ed ish), n. ^^If ^^^t'%-
[E. dial., also edtsh.
1
ead- same as woUastonite.
the definite article, or other definitive word, preceding, " "''''•'•'
ish, eddige; ->""*- etch,
contr. stubble ; corrupted eat- edelite (ed'e-lit), «. Same &sprehnite.
come to be used as nomis, having as such a possessive age, q. v.; < ME. 'edish, not found (except as edelweiss (ed'el-wis; G. pron. a'dl-vis), n.
case (in '«) and a plural (in -») as, the police took charge
:
in the comp. eddish-hen, q. v.), < AS. edisc, a L*^-; < edel, noble, precious (= E. obs. athel.
of the deceased's effects ; at this the acnued't countenance
changed. This is found chiefly in newspaper language pasture, a park for game; origin unknown, q. v.), weiss E. tchite.} The Leontopodium + =
but the plural, as "their beloveds," is not uncommon in but perhaps orig. ' aftermath,' second growth, alpinum (Gna-
recent poetry. .See -dl, -<J2, -fi, -12. < ed- (again, back) (see erf-i), -I- -isc, adj. term.; phalium Leon-
edacious (e-da'shus), <J. [= It. edace, < h. edax the formation if real is irreg. Grein refers to topodiiim) of
(edac-), given to eating, < cdere = E. eat: see ONorth. edo, ede, a contr. of emcod, a flock. It the Alps and
eat.'} Eating; given to eating; greedy; vora- isdoubtful whether eddish has any connection Pyrenees, a
cious. with AS. tjddisc, in-eddisc (only in glosses), plant much
Swallowed In the depths of edacious Time. household goods or furniture. See earsh.'} 1. sought for by
CarlyU, Jlisc., IV. 238. The pasture or grass that comes after mowing travelers in
Concord Bridge had long since yielded to the edaeimu or reaping. [Local, Eng.] Switzerland,
tooth of Time. Lourdl, Biglow Pailbrs, 2d ser., p. 37.
Keep for stock is tolerably plentiful, and the fine spring where it grows
edaciously (e-da'shua-li), adv. Greedily; vo- weatlier will soon create a iood eddish in the pastures. at a great alti-
raciously. Times (London), April 30, 185". tude in situa-
edacionsness (e-da'shus-nes), Edacity. n. 2. See the extract. tions difllcult
edacity (e-das'i-ti), n. [= It. edacitA, < L. eda- The word etch, or eddish, or edish, occurs in Tusser, and of access, it is
cita(t-)s, < edax, giving to eating: see edacious.'] means the stubble of the jirevlous crop of whatever kind. remarkable for its
Seebvhm, Eng. Vil. Community, p. 376. dense clusters of
Greediness; voracity; ravenousness rapacity. ;
flower-heads sur-
It is true that the wolf is a beast of great edacitie and
eddish-hent, [ME.
edisse-henne, and corrupt-
«.
rounded by a radi-
digestion. ly ediscine (in a gloss), < AS. edisc-hen, edesc- ating involucre of
Baeou, Nat. Hist., | 072.
If thou have any rendlble faculty, nay,
hen, -henn, a quail, lit. a pasture-hen (cf. mod. floral leaves, all
If thou hare but
edacity and lo<|uacity, come. 'prairie-hen'), < edisc, a pasture, park for densely clothed
Carlyle.

Edaphodon (f-daf 'o-don), [NL.

game, +
henn, hen.] quail. A withaclose, white,
cottony pubes-
n. : see edaph- Thai asked, and come the edissehenne.
UAeVmtAs&iLepnto^odiutH alpinum').
odont.] A fossil genus of chimaeroid fishes, of Ps. civ. lev. J, 40 (ME. version), edema,
cence.
the order Holocephali, found in the Greensand, oedema (e-de'mS), «. ; pi. edemata, oede-
Chalk, and Tertiary strata. Buckland. eddoes, edders (ed'oz, ed'ferz), n. name ntata {-ma-tei)j [NL. osdewia, < Gr. oMi^/zo, a swell- A
edaphodont (e-daf'o-dont), n. [< NL. edapho- given by the negroes of the Gold Coast, as mg, atumor, < oideiv, swell, become 8wollen,< ol-
doii{l-)s. < Gr. Ida^, bottom, foundation, + well as m
the West Indies, to the roots of the dof, a swelling.] 1. In pathol., a puffiness or
Woif (MovT-) =
E. tooth.'i fossil chimeroid A taro-plant, Colocasia antiquorum. Also eddas. swelling of parts arising from accumulation of
fish of the genus Edaphodon. eddy (ed'i), n._; pi. eddies (-iz). [The ME. form serous fluid in interstices of the areolar tissue
Edda (ed'8), ». [Icel., lit. great-grandmother.] (and the AS., if any) not recorded; the word is as, erfc/nn of the eyelids.— 2. leap.] [NL.] A
A book written (in prose) by Bnorri Sturlu- either cognate with or derived from Icel. idha, genus of bombycid moths, founded by Walker
son (bom about 1178, died by assassination an eddy, whirlpool, Norw. ida, also ide (and = in 1855, hav-
in various other forms, i«, ie, ea, eaa, udu, uddii, ing the palpi
1341), containing the old mythological lore of
Scandinavia and the old artificial rules for rudu, odo, eijii, irju, the last forms prob. of other pilose, rather
verse-making; also, a collection of ancient Ice- origin ; oft«n with prefix bak-, back, upp- up, long, ascend-
landic poems. The nan)e Edda, by whom given b not kring, circle), Sw. dial, idha, idd Dan. = ing in =
the
known, occurs for the first time in the inscription to one dial, ide, an eddy, whirlpool cf. Icel. idha ; male and por- =
of the manoscripU of the work, written fifty or sixty years Norw. ida, whirl about Icel. idh, f ., a doing, ; rect in the fe-
after Snorri's death. Snorri's Edda (.Edda Smnra Sturtu-
Joiusr) oonststs of five part* FormdlUPnttce), the Gulfa-
idh, n., a restless motion, Sw. id, industry, = male, with the =
:

aHiii<»(DeIiuioaofOyia),£rcuM-ni<iAur(SayliigsofBragi),
Dan. trf, pursuit, intention ; Icel. idhinn Sw. third joint lan- =
adUstajMr-nuU (Art of Poetry), and Hottatal (Number idog, assiduous, diligent prob. connected with ; ceolate. The
of MetersX to which are added in iomt manuscripts Thu- AS. ed-, etc., back (equiv. to L. re-): see ed-i. Bdema albt/rimt. natural siie. larva of E. aUn-
.
"
iu JJ*.1"!**
glossary of synonyms, lUU of poett etc.
AtOte^uUdskapar-mai. or Art of Poetry, forms the chief
Cf. eddish.] A part of a fluid, as a stream of
""
/ro7w, which feeds
water which has
water, wnicli mntrnn any
rotatorv motion
nas a rotatory l^^Z.U '," » """"'"""^^ caterpillar stripeJWiVhVdlow
"f.lorsallv, •
part of the Edda (including several long poemsl the work small and,"?tblack and pinkish on the under side. ;

became a sort of handbook of poeta, and so Edda came Eddies due edematose,
gTa<tually t<) mean tb« old artificial poetry « .i ..y?'' .""J""*"- are to the vis
opposed to cosityof fluids, and to the very small degree to which thty aa cdematoui
(fidematose (e-dem'a-tos), " a. Same
the modem plain poetry contained fn faymos and sacred slip over the surfaces of solids. A portion of fluid to which
poems. About the year 1643 the Icelandic bbhop Bryn- a rotator)- motion hiw once been communicated loses this
-j_m-*_„_ (BdematOUS
eaematOUS, /^j„^„4.„__ (e-dem
/- j , ^
a-tus),
i.
a.
.-,

-
[<
Julf Sveinsson discovered a collection of the motion only by the gradual effect of - .
viscosity, so that edema(t-),tjedei)ia(t-),-\- -ous.] Relating to ede-
old mytho- e<l-
loiti.al poems, which. is erroneously ascribed some
to Siemund dies subsist for time. They are always found be- ma; swelling with a serous effusion.
Hwfussen (bom about 1055, died IISSX and hence called tween counter-currents.
aft.;r him Samundar Edda hint Fredha,
the Edda of .Sie-
Eden (e'dn), n. [= F. £den = Sp. Ed^n = Pg.
ninn.l the Learned. The poems that compose this Edda
Avoid the violence of the current, by angling In the
returns of a stream, or the eddies betwixt two streams,
Eden = G. Eden, etc., < LL. Eden (in Vulgate),
an- supposid to have l>een collected alwut
the middle of which also are the most likely places wherein to kill a < Heb. and Chal. 'cden, Eden, lit. 'pleasure'
* " t,'"rt«-"th c.ntury, but were composed
thi- ciKhtli and ninth centuries.
probably In fish In a stream, either at the top or Iwttom. or 'delight.'] 1. In the Bible, the name of the
Hence the name now giv- Cotton, in Walton's Angler, 11. 269. garden which was the first home of Adam and
en t.. Ill,' ,,l|c.ti„n, the Eldrr or Poetic Edda, In dbtlnc-
.

tlon tr..iii ihu ) ouivier or Prose Edda of Snorri,

to which
And smiling eddies dimpled on the main. Dryden. Eve : often, though not in the English version of
al..iiu Ihe name Edda previously
belonged. The most
aiiLiint of th.- iKRins In the Elder Edda
U the Volutpa.
The charmed eddifs of autumnal winds
Built o'er his mouldering bones a pyramid.
the Bible, called Paradise. 2. —
region men- A
till- I'p.pheiyof the I'ofoa or slbyL
tioned in the Bible, the people of which were
Shelley, Alastor. subdued by the Assyrians. It is supposed to
Eddaic (e-da'ik), a [< Edda + -<e.] Same as Alas ! we are but eddies of dust. have been m
northwestern Mesopotamia (2 Ki.
Eddie. Uplifted by the blast, and whiried
Along the highway of the world. xix. 12; Isa. xxxvii. 12).— 3. Figuratively, any
The Eddaie version, however, of the history of the gods
Is not so clrcnmstantial as that In the Ynglingasaga. Long/eltow, Golden Legend, II. delightful region or place of residence. Also
Common nbaerratlon seem* to shew that, when a solid Aden.
Gosse Efr moves rapidly through a liimid at some distance below
eddas (ed'ai), n. Same as eddoes. Summer Isles of Eden lying in dark-purple spheres of
the surface, it leaves behind it a succession of eiWi'cn in
edderi (ed'fer), n. [E. dial, also ether; < ME. the fluid. Stokes, On some Cases of Fluid Motio
sea. Tennyson, Locksley Hall.
"«/'T, < AS. edor, eder, eodor. a hedge,
an in- _
= 8yn. .See «frMfn. Edenic (f-den'ik), a. [< Eden -ic.] Of or +
G- eddy (ed'i);V.";pret. and pp. eddied, ppr. edda- pertaining to Eden ; characteristic of Eden.

W Mr tJ
diT?t't^ ^^^\"^r=JL^^- "'m'

IIC
^^^J^'
Norw. jadar, )«r,
V''*'i!Lr
' "**'• ^ ^- -^ I'eage-
ing [< eddy, n.) I. intrans. To move circu-
lariy or in a winding manner, as the water of an
By the memory
Forfeit and lost.
of Edenic joys

Mrs. Browning, Drama of Exile.

 ! ; ! ; ;

Edenic 1842 edge-bolt

Will he admit that the Edenic man was a different spe- Over 100 species are known, of which more than 40 inhabit 6. Acuteness or sharpness, as of desire or of
cies. or even genus? Science, V. 407. North America; only one is found in the United States. appetite ; keenness ; eagerness ; fitness for ac-
,., , _., ry T,j Tlie genus was founded by
_ ,.
"
, .7. \ /
edenite (e'dn-it), m. [< Eden{vill€) (see def.)
j„j. \ _i
+ Kabricius in isos.
tion or operation.
•4te-.'] An
aluminous variety of amphibole or Edessan (e-des'an), a. Cloy the hungry edge of appetite
hornblende, containing but little iron, of a pale- [< l. Odessa, GrV "Erfra- By bare imagination of a feast.
Shak., Rich. II., i. 3.
green or grayish color, occurring at Edenville aa, a city of Mesopota-
I did but chide in jest the best loves use it
in New York. mia, +
-an.'] Of or per- Sometimes
;

an edge upon affection.

it sets
Edenization (e'dn-i-za'shon), «. [< Edenize +
;

taining to Edessa, a city Middleton, Women Beware Women, ii. 1.

-flfioH.] A making or converting into an Eden. in northwestern Meso- When I got health, thou took'st away my life.
[Bare.] potamia, noted as the And more ; for my friends die

The CTsngelization and Edenizati&ti of the world. seat of an important My mirth and edge was lost; a blunted knife
The Nov. 1885. Was of more use than I. G. Herbert.
ConffregatioTialist, 5,
theological school, and
'Tis true, there is an edge in all firm belief, and with an
Edenize (e'dn-iz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. Edenized, as the chief center from easy metaphor we may say the sword of faith.
pTpr. Edenizing. l< Eden + -ize.'\ 1. To make which Nestorianism Sir T. Browne, Eeligio Medici, i. 10.

like Eden; convert into a paradise. [Bare.] spread over a great part Back and See tacJ-i.— Basset edges. See 6a«-
edget.
— 2. To admit into Paradise confer the joys ; of Asia Edessan family Edessa bijida. se(2.— Convaneacible edge. ir,ee conmnescible.— Cas-
or branch of liturgies, that Line shows natural size- pidal edge, or edge of regression. See cuspidal.— To
of Paradise upon. [Rare.] (

class ofliturgies which is set on edge, (a) To rest or balance on the border of
For pure saints edeniz'd unfit Davies,Vi'it'e Pilgrimage. commonly called Nestorian, because used by Nestorians. cause to stand upright on an edge : as, to set a large flat
Its oldest representative is the Liturgy of the Apostles stone on edge, (b) To make eager or intense ; sharpen
edental n._ [< L. c- priv. +
(e-den'tal), a. and (Adieus and Maris). See littirgy. stimulate as, his:curiosity or expectation was set on edge.
= E^'<J0^*>_+^'-]_.I;;^«-
d<>n('-)«, 1; e-j.-.j™* (e-des'en), a.
Edessenc^ ,. [< LL. Edesseniis, < — To set the teeth on edge, to cause an uncomfortable
toothless. — 2. Of or pertaining to the Edentata.
?
^r r. j_ i_ii,„^^^°*J**f 4... feeling as of tingling or grating in the teeth, as may be
Edessa, Edessa see Edessan.'] Ssaae as Edes- done by the eating of very sour fruit, by the sound of fil-
n, n. A member of the order Edentata. san. ing, etc.
edentalons (e-deu'ta-lus), a. [Appar. < eden- Edessinae (ed-e-si'ne), «. pi. [NL., < Edessa One will melt in your Mouth, and t'other your Teeth set
tal + -ous; but prob. intended for edentuloits, + -inw.] A subfamily of heteropterous hemip- on Edge. Congreve, Way of the World, i. 5.

q. v.]Same as edentate. [Eare.] terous Insects or bugs, of the familjr Pentatomi- = Syn. 2 and 3. Verge, skirt, brim. See rim.— 6. Intensity.
Edentata (e-den-ta'ta), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. dce, having the sternum produced into a cross, edge (ej), v.; pret. and pp. edged, ppr. edging.
of L. e(tente«««, toothless: see edentate.] 1. In and the middle line of the venter earinate, the [< ME. eggen, put an edge on, sharpen (only m
mammal., a Cuvierian order of mammals; the base of the keel being protracted into a horn. p. a. egged, < AS. ecged, p. a., only in comp. ttoi-
edentates. The term is literally incorrect, and in so A af\ ^^fij^QQi fJpQ
^ ecged, two-edged, scearp-ecged, sharp-edged),
1

farobjectionable, few of these animals being edentulous r^

,
jj j^jj; ^ ^g g^g ^^ g^ge, also set on edge, intr. be set on edge, as the
toothless; and the L.nne_an equ.valent term, Bruta,^.
often employed instead. But the name is firmly estab ""^l^) ^''^^^^^ 08. eqgia ^ =
OFries. eg7ig. teeth, also edge on, egg, incite (in this sense
lished, and the members of the order do agree in certain Fries, ig =
D. egge = =
MLG. egge OHG. elcka, from Scand.) (= OFries. eggja, fight, Icel. =
dental characters, which are these that incisors are never :
edge, point, MHG. ecA-c, egge, G. eck, ecke, edge, eggja Sw. egga Dan. egge, incite), < AS. ecg, = =
present, and that the teeth, when there are any, are homo-
dont and (excepting in Tatugiinte) monophyodont, grow-
comer, =
Icel. egg Sw. egg =
Dan. egg = =
edge: see edge, n. See also egg^.] I. trans.
ing from persistent pulps, and being devoid of enamel. Goth. *agja (not found) =
L. acies, a sharp 1. To sharpen; put an edge upon; impart a
edge or point, front of an army (' edge of bat- cutting quality to. [Chiefly poetical.]
tle'), akin to acer, sharp (> ult. E. eager^), aeus, The wrongs
a needle, etc., to Gr. d/t/f, ok^, a point, to Skt. Of this pooB country edge your sword oh, may it !

deep into this tyrant's heart

«fn, an edge, corner, angle, and to E. ami^, Pierce
Fletcher, Double Marriage, i. L
ail^, ear^, q. v.] 1. The sharp margin or thin
Those who labour
bordering or terminal line of a cutting instru- The sweaty Forge, who edge the crooked Scythe,
Edentate SkuU of Great Ant-eater {Myrmecophaga Jubata ).
ment as, the edge of a razor, knife, sword, ax,
:
Bend stubborn Steel, and harden gleeuing Armour,
or chisel. Acknowledge Vulcan's Aid.
The Edentata are ineduoabilian placental mammals, with He . smote the kynge Pignores thourgh the helme
. .
Prior, First Hymn of CallimachuB.
a relatively small cerebrum of one lobe, but otherwise very that nother coyf ne helme myght hym waraut till that That is best blood that hath most iron in 't
diversiform in structure, appearance, and mode of life the ; the suerdes egge touched hys brayn. To edge resolve with. Lowell, Connn. Ode.
old-world forms are likewise widely different from those of Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 689.
the new world most edentates are of the latter. The arma- 2. Hence, figuratively, to sharpen; pique.
;
Who
[Tubal] first sweated at the forge
me a little edge your resolution you see nothing
dillos, sloths, and ant-eaters of America, and the fodlent Let : is
And forc'd the blunt and yet unbloodied steel
ant-eaters and scaly ant-eaters of Africa and Asia, repre- unready to this great work, but a great mind in you.
To a keen edge, and made it bright for war. Ford, "Tis Pity,
sent respectively five leading types of Edentata, affording Cowper, Task, v. 216.
v. 4.

a division of the order into the five suborders Loricata By such reasonings the simple were blinded and the
(armadillos), Tardigrada (sloths), Fermaiji^Mto (American 2. The extreme border or margin of anything; malicious cdyed. Sir J. Hay ward.
ant-eaters), Squaiiiala (scaly ant-eaters or pangolins), and the verge ; the brink as, the edge of a table :

Fodientia (digging ant-eaters or aardvarks). The tardi- 3. To furnish with an edge, fringe, or border:
grades, including a number of gigantic fossil forms, as the
the edge of a precipice.
as, to edge a flower-bed with box.
mylodons and megatheriums, formerly called Gravir/rada, Than draw streight thy clothe, & ley the bonjt [fold]
are herbivorous, and the living forms are all arboricole. on the vttur egge of the table. And thou shalt find him underneath a brim
Of sailing pines that edge yon nuniutain in.
The others are carnivorous and chiefly insectivorous, aud Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 129.
Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 3.
it is among these that the entirely toothless forms occur,
You knew he walk'd o'er perils, on an edge.
Their long descending train,
as in the ant-eaters. The Cuvierian Edentata included More likely to fall in than to get o'er.
the Mtttwtremata, now long since eliminated. With rubies edged. Drydcn.
Shak., 2 Hen. IV., i. 1.
2. A
group of crustaceans. Latreille, 1826.
Specifically— (a) In jmt!/i.,a line, straight or curved, along
A voice of many tones — sent up from streams, . . .

And sands that edge the ocean. Bryant, Earth.

edentate (e-den'tat), a. and n. [= F. edente which a surface is broken, so that every section of the sur-
= Sp. edentado, < L. edentatus, toothless, pp. of face through that line has a cusp or an abrupt change of 4. To move by or as if by dragging or hitching
edentare, render toothless, < e, out, den(t-)s + direction at the point of intersection with it. (b) In zool.,
along edgewise ; impel or push on edge, and
the extreme boundary of a surface, part, or mark, gener-
= E. tooth; cf. dentate: see Edentata.] I. a.
ally distinguished as posterior, anterior, lateral, superior, hence slowly or with difficulty as, to edge a :

1. Edentulous; toothless. 2. Of or pertaining — etc. In entomology it is often distinguished from the mar- barrel or a box across the sidewalk to edge ;

to the Edentata, and thus having at least no qin, which is properly an imaginary space surrounding the one's self or one's way through a crowd.
front teeth. disk of any surface, and limited by the edge. The outer
edge of the elytron of a beetle may be either the extreme Edging by degrees their chairs forwards, they were in
U, n. 1. One an ineduca-
of the Edentata; boundary of the elytron, or the lateral boundary of the a time got up' close to one another.
little Locke.
bilian placental mammal without incisors. 2. — upper surface, separated from the true boundary by a de- 5. To incite; instigate; virge on; egg. See
A toothless creature. flexed margin called the epipleura.
egg^. [Now rare.]
I tried to call to him to move, but how could a poor 3. The border or part adjacent to a line of di-
This will encourage and edge industrious and prof-
edentate like myself articulate a word? vision ; the part nearest some limit ; an initial . . .

Bacon, Usury (ed. 1887X

itable improvements.
Kinffsley, Alton Locke, xxxvi. or terminal limit; rim; skirt: as, the edge of
Edg'd-on by some thank-picking parasite.
edentated [< edentate
(e-den'ta-ted), a. + the evening; the outer and inner edges of a Ford, Love's Sacrifice, iv. 1.

-ed'^.] edentate.
Deprived of teeth [Rare.] ; field; the horizon's edge. Ardour or passion will edge a man forward when ai-gu-
Edentati (e-den-ta'ti), n. pi. [NL., pi. of L. For the sayde temple stondeth vpon the est egge of ments fail. Ogilvie.

edentatus, toothless : see Edentata.] group A Mounte Morrea, and the Mounte Olyuete is right est from
Sir R. Guyl/orde, Pylgrymage, p. 43.
Edglng-and-dlvlding bench. See ftejjcA.— Toedgeln,
it. ^ by by an edge manage to get in.
of edentate mammals. Vicq-d^Azyr, 1792. to put or get in or as if ;

The new general, unacquainted with his army, and on When you are sent on an errand, be sure to edge in some
edentation (e-den-ta'shon), m. [< L. as if the edge of winter, would not hastily oppose them. business of your own. Swift, Directions to Servants, iii.
*edent(ttio(n-), < edentare, pp. edentatus, render Milton.
toothless see edentate.] The state or quality Do, Sir Lucius, edge in a word or two every now and
:
It [Watling Street] ran closely along the edge of this then about my honour. Sheridan, The Rivals, v. 3.
of being edentate ; toothlessness. great forest, by the bounds of our Leicestershire.
edentulate (e-den'tfl-lat), a. [< NL. *edentu- J. R. Qreen, Conq. of Eng., p. 190. n. intrans. To move sidewise move gradu- ;

latus, < L. erfcHteto, toothless: see edentuloiis.] 4. The side of a hill; a ridge. Halliwell. ally, cautiously, or so as not to attract notice:
La entom., without teeth ; edentate said of the :
[North. Eng.] as, edge along this way.
mandibles when they have no tooth-like pro- Just at the foot of one of the long straight hills, called Wesounded, and found 20 fathoms and a bottom of
cesses on the inner side. Kirby. Edges in that country [England, on the borders of Wales], sand ; but, on edging off from the shore, we soon got out
my of sounding. Cook, Second Voyage, iii. 7.
edentulous (e-den'tii-lus), a. [< L. edentulus, we'came upon friend's house.
E. tooth: see = J. H, Shorthouse, John Inglesant, Int. chap. When one has made a bad bet, it's best to edge off.
toothless, < e- priv."+ den(t-)s Colwan, Jealous Wife, v. 3.
dent'^. Ci. edentate.] Without teeth ; toothless. 5. Sharpness; acrimony; cutting or wounding
quality. To edge away, to move away slowly or cautiously;
The jaws of birds are always edentulous and sheathed Slander, 7iaut.. to decline gradually, .is from the shore, or from the
with horn, of divers configurations, adapted to their dif- line of the course.— To edge down upon an object, to
^Vho8e edge is sharper than the sword.
ferent modes of life and kinds of food. Owen, Anat., Int.
Shak., Cymbeline, iii. 4. approach an object in a slanting direction. To edge In —
edert, n. See edder^. with, to draw near to, as a ship in chasing.
Fie, fie your wit hath too much edge.
edge-bolt (ej'bolt), n. In hookbinding^ihe closed
!

Edessa, Gr. "ESsa-

Edessa (e-des'a), n. [NL., < L. Ford, Love's Sacrifice, i. 2.

aa,a city of jiacedonia.] A genus of penta- folds of a section or signature as sho'wn in an

The remark had a biting edge to it.

tomid bugs, typical of a subfamily Edessinw. Prescott, Kerd. and Isa., ii. 20. uncut book.
 ; : — ;

edgebone 1843 edification

edgebone (ej'bon), «. [One of the numerous Odd ! ni make

myself small enough:— 111 sttLnAedge- edibility (ed-i-bil'i-ti), n. [< edible : see -bility.']
wayt. Sheridan, The Rivals, v. 3.
perversions of what was orig. nache-bone : see The character of being edible ; suitableness
" Nor all white who are millers," said honest Hob, glad
aitchbone.'] The hauneh-bone, aitchbone, or for being eaten.
to get in a word, as they say, edge-ways.
natch-bone of a beef: so called because it pre- Scott, Monastery, xiv. edible
(ed'i-bl), a. and n. [< LL. edibilis, eat-
sents edgewise when the meat is cut in dress- At certain times the rings of Saturn are seen edgewayx. able, < L. edere E. eat.] I. a. Eatable; fit =
ing for the table. It is the principal part of Nevxomb and Holden, Astron., p. 108. to be eaten as food ; esculent specifically ap- :

the pelvis or os iunominatum. plied to objects which are habitually eaten by

edge-'wheel (ej'hwel), «. A wheel which trav-
edge-coals (ej'kolz), «. pi. In Scotland, coal- els on its edge in a circular bed, as in the Chil- man, or specially fit to be eaten, among similar
beds inclined at a high angle. Also called edge- ian mill and in many forms of crushing-mill. things not fit for eating: as, edible birds'-nests
and more rarely edible crabs ; edible sea-urchins.
setims. edge-metals. edgewise (ej'wiz), a. and adv. [< edge + -wise.]
edge-cutting (ej'kut'in^), ». In bookbinding, 1. a. With the edge turned forward or toward Of fishes some are edible ; some, except it be in famine,
tbe operation of trimming down with a knife a particular point.
not. Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 859.
the rough edges or bolts of a sewed and uncut In this still air even the uneasy rocking poplar-leaves
The edible Creation decks the Board.
Prior, Solomon, ii.
book. were almost stationary on their edgewise stems.
edged (ejd or ej'ed), a. [< ME. egged, < AS. £.'. eaten for food
Bggleston, The Graysons, xii. H. n. .An3rthing that may be
ecged, < eeg, edge: see edge, r.] 1. Furnished Edxewlse mall. Same as edge-mail. an article of food an eatable a constituent ; ;

with an edge ; sharp ; keen. II. adv. In the direction of the edge; by of a meal generally in the plural as, bring : :

O, turn thy edged sword another way. edging. forward the edibles.
Skak., 1 Hen. VI., UL 3. .\t the last pushed in his word edibleness (ed'i-bl-nes), n. The quality of be-
Edgewite, as 'twere. ing edible.
2. Having a border or fringe of a different sub- William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 189.
stance, color, etc., from that of the body, as a edict (e'dikt), n. [In mod. form after the L.; <
piece of cloth or a flower.
edging (ej'ing), «. [Verbal n. of edge, r.] 1. ME. edit, < OF. edit, edict, F. edit = Sp. edicto
White cannopies and curtains made of needle work
That which is added on the border or which = Pg. edito = It. editto = D. edikt = G. edict =
Coryat, Crudities, I. 106.
forms the edge, as lace, fringe, or braid added to Dan. Sw. edikt, < L. edictum, a proclamation,
. . .

edi/ed with . bouelace.

. .

a garment for ornament; specifically, narrow ordinance, edict, neut. of edictus, pp. of edicere,
My lady's Indian kinsman rushing in,
A breaker o( the hitter news from home, lace or embroidery especially made for trim- proclaim, < e, out, forth, -1- dicere, speak: see
Found a dead man, a letter edged with death ming frills and parts of dress. diction.] 1. A decree or law promulgated by
Beside him. Tnmpton, Aylmer's Field. The garland which I wove for you to wear, a sovereign prince or ruler on his sole author-
3. In her., same as fimbriated To play with Of parsley, with a wreath of ivy bound, ity; hence, any analogous order or command.
edged tools. -Hee tool, and compare edge-tool. And border 'd with a rosy edging round.
Dryden, tr. of Theocritus, Amaryllis, 1. 52. The very reading of the public edicts should fright thee
edge-key (ej'ke), «. Same as edger, 2.
from commerce with them. B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1.
have known a woman branch out into a long extem-
edgeless (ej'les), a. [< edge + -less.J Not I
pore dissertation upon the edging of a petticoat. Edicts, properly speaking, cannot exist in Britain, be-
sharp blunt obtuse ; unfit to cut or pene-
; ;
Addison, Lady Orators. cause the enacting of laws is lodged in the parliament,
trate : as, an edgeless sword ; an edgeless argti- and not in the sovereign. Ogilvie.
ment.
2. A border; a skirting; specifically, inhort.,
Every one must see that the edicts issued by Henry VIII.
a row of plants set along the border of a flower- to prevent the lower classes from playingdice, cards, bowls,
Till cloKgd with blood, his sword otwys but ill
bed an edging of box.
The dictates of ita vengeful master's will
: as, Ac, were not more prompted by desire for popular wel-
Yon edging of Pines fare than were the Acts passed of late to check gambling.
Ed^elms it falls. KoMX, tr. of Lucan s Pharsalia, vi.
On the steep's lofty verge. H. Spencer, Man vs. State, p. 8.
edgelongt (ej'ldng), adv. [< edge -long, as in + Wordsworth, In the Slmplon Pass. No one of its Ithe Virginia legislature's] members was
headlong, sidelong, etc.] In the direction of the 3. In bookbinding: (a) The art of preparing able to encounter Patrick Henry in debate, and his edicts
edge; edgewise. were registered without opposition.
the uncut or folded leaves of a book by shaving Bancroft, Hist. Const, II. 364.
stuck edgelong Into the ground. B. Jonton. or trimming, adapting them to receive gold,
n. A name given by some
Specifically
marbling, or color, and burnishing. (6) The
2. In Eom. law, a decree or ordi- —
edge-mail (ej'mal),
writers to a kind of armor represented on me-
nance of a pretor. 3. In Scotch ecclesiastical
decorating of the edges of a book by marbling
—
use, a church proclamation specifically, a no-
dieval monuments, which has been assimied to or coloring. —
4. In enrp., the evening of the
tice to show cause, if any, why a pastor or elders
;

be made of links or rings sewed edgewise upon edges of nbs and rafters to make them range
should not be ordained. — Edict of Nantes, an edict
cloth or leather —
an improbable device. Com- together. signed by Henry IV. of t>ance in April, 1.598, to secure to
pare hroiijne. Also called edgewise mail. edging-iron (ej'in^-i'6m), n. In gardening, a
the I*rote8tants the free exercise of tlieir religion. It was
edge-plane (ej'plan), «. 1. A carpenters' plane revoked liy Louis XIV. in Octolier, 1085. — Edict of Theo-
sickle-shaped cutting-tool, with the edge ou the
for trimming flat, round, or hollow edges on doric, a c<Mle of laws, issued about A. 1>. 506, for the use of
convex side, used for cutting out the edges of
—
woodwork. 2. Same as edger, 2.
the Koiiian aulijects of Theodoric, king of tl»e Ostrogoths.
paths and roads and the outlines of figures,
— General edict, in Rmn. antiq., an edict made by tlie
edger (ej'frr), H. 1. A circular saw for squaring etc., in turf. pretor as a law, in his capacity of subordinate legislator.
the edges of lumber cut directly from the whole edglngly (ej'ing-li), adv. Carefully gingerly. Special edict, an edict made by the pretor for a particu-
;
lar csise, in bis capacity as judge. = Syn. Decree, Ordinance,
log; an edging-saw: usually double, hence [Rare.]
called double edger. See »oiri. —
2. In leather- The new beau awkwardly followed, but more edgingly,
etc. (see taw^); mandate, rescript, manifesto, command,
pronunciamiento.
working, a tool for trimming the edges of shoe- as I may say, setting his feet mincingly, to avoid tread- edictal (e'dik-tal), a. [= F. edietal, < LL. edie-
ing u|K>n his leatler's heels.
soles, straps, harness, eto. it ha* a knife or cutter, talis, < L. edictum, a proclamation: see edict.]
Richardson, Clarissa Harlowe, II. 220.
tlie blade of which ia varied in shape according to the
Pertaining to or of the nature of an edict or
form which it is desired to give to the work, and a gage edging-machine (ej'ing-ma-shen''), n. 1.
edicts.
A
and guides, usually adjustable, to inaure the correct pla- machine-tool for molding, edging, and profiling
cing of the work. Al»a called edge-kej/, edgt-piane, edtf*-
toti.
woodwork. Hi'O molding-machine. 2. Inmelal- principles of the —
The Praetor In framing an Edictal jurisprudence on the
Jus Gentium was gradually restoring a
edge-rail (ej'ral), «. On railroads, a rail so con- working, a machine for milling irregular shapes type from which law had only departed to deteriorate.
structed that the wheels of cars roll upon its and making templets and patterns. Sometimes Maine, Aucient I.aw, p. 56.
The simpler methods of the edic^af law were found
edge, the wheels being kept in place by flanges called a prnfiling-machine. . . .

projecting from their inner periphery so called edging-sa'W (oj'ing-sA), n. A saw for squaring archaic customs. W. E. liearn, Aryan Household, p. 421.
to lie more convenient than the rigorous formality of the
:

in distinction from the fiat rails first used. edges; an edger; specifically, a circular saw
Edictal citation, in .'icots law, a citation made upon a
edge-roll (ej'rol), n. In biiokbi tiding: (a) A mounted on a bench and used to saw boards f«»reigner wliu is not resident within .Scotland, but who ,

rolling-tool used in gilding and decorating the into strips or straight-edges. has a landed estate there, or upon a native of Scotland
edges of book-covers. (6) Ornament or decora- edging-shears (ej'ing-sherz), ». pi. Shears used wlio is out of the country.
tion so produced on the edges of a book-cover. to cut the edges of sod along walks, around edicule (ed'i-kiil), n. [= It. cdicola, < L. ixdi-
cula, a cottage, a niche or shrine, dim. of ledes,
edge-roU (ej'rol), r. <. 1. In bookbinding, to use garden-beds, etc. The blades are often set at an angle
—
an f<lgc-roU. 2. In mintittg, to roll the edges and fitted to long handles, so that the operator can work a building see edify.] small edifice a : A ;

in a standing posture. shrine, usually in the shape of an architectural

of the blanks so as to produce a rim. A
tUe used in making monument, or a niche for a reliquary or statue,
edging-tile (ej'in^-til), n.
edge-setter (ej'set'fer), «. A
power-lathe for bcinliTs for beds in gardens.
burnishing the edges of the soles of shoes. etc., so ornamented as to be complete in itself
edgre'W fed'tjro), «. Same as edgrow, the building with which it
edge-shot (ej'shot), a. Planed on the edges, as edgrow (ed'gro), M. [Also edgrowth; < ME. ed- and independent of
armard: a lumbermen's term. is connected. [Rare.]
groir, edgraic (cf. AS. edgrowiing, a growing It [the superstnictnre of the Khuzneh at Petral, too, is
edge-stitch (ej'stich), n. In netting, knitting, again), < AS. ed-, back, again, -1- qrowan, grow supported liy Corinthian pillars, and is surmounted t)y a
elf., u name given to the first stitch on a row.
see erf-1 and grow.] Aftermath; aftergrass. huge urn, and a smaller edicute of the same order stands on
Iff Seemeivork.
[Prov. Eng.] either side. The Century, XXXI. 17.
tdge-tool (ej'tOl'), n. [< ME. eggetol, < egge,
Kd'trow (var. edgraw, etc grmBe\,meK, [L.] bigernien, edificantf (e-dif ' i-kant), a. [= F. edifian < Sp. =
edge, + tol, tool.]
IlJiit. 1. Any tool with a cutting regeniien. Prompt. Parr., p. 1.3.5. Pg. It. edir/icante, <"L. cedifican(t-)s, ppr. of adi-
edge, as the ax, the chisel, the plane, the bit, etc.
edgrowth (ed'groth), n. [Formerly also edd- ficare, build see edify.] Building. :

aif any egge tol wol entre in-to his t>odl,

I wol do him to the deth and more desbit ouere.
(jninlh ; < erf-1 growth. Cf. edgrow.^ Same + And as his pen was often militant
as edgroic. Nor less triunipliant so edificant ;

WUliain 0/ I'aleriie (E. E. T. .S.), 1. .'(7

It also was, like those lilesscdlmilders, who
8. Sskvaeiuiettger,'!. —
3. Figuratively, a matter edgy
(ej'i), a. [< edge -yi.] 1. Showing an +
Stood on their guard, and st(intly builded too.
edge ; sharply defined ; angular. Dugard, On Cataker (1665), p. 76.
dangerous to tamper or sport with.
The outlines of their IxMly are sharpt? and edgy. edification (ed'i-fl-ka'shon), n. [< F. Mifica-
There's no jesting with edge-tool*.
Beau, and Ft., Honest Man's Fortune, ii. 2.
Jt P. Knight, Anal. Inquiry into lYiii. of 'Taste, p. 66.
tion Pr. edificatio Sp. edifieacion =
Pg. edi- = =
Von jest ill jesting with edge-toaU I
:
2. Keen-tempered irritable as, an edgy tem- fica(;So
; It. edijicanone, < L." a'dificatio()i-), act
:
=
Tmnymm, Princess, ii. per. [Rare in both senses.] of building, a building (structure), LL. instruc-
:
•dge-trimmer Cej'trim'6r), n. small machine edit, n. See edy.
A tion, < wdijicare, pp. wdific^tus, build see edify.] :

for pari Ml? the boot -sole. Tlie Ixjot Isheld onajacli, edibilatory (ed-i-bil'a-to-ri), a. [Irre^. < LL. 1. The act or process of building; construction.
moviri'.; iiiilornatically, mid the knife trims tlie edge ami edihilis, edible, -f -atory.] Of or pertaining to [Obsolete or archaic]
takes out the feather. edibles or eating. [Rare.] The castle or fortresse of Corf u is not onely of situa- .

edge'wayg (ej'waz), adv. [< edge + -ways for

. .

Kdilniatory Epicurism holds the key to all moralltv. tion the strongest I haue scene, but also of edification.
-wise.} Hame sa edgewise. Bulwer, Pelham.lvlii. Haktuyt's Voyages, II. 111.
 " ;

edification 1844 Edriophthalma

Clergymen who are on the way of learning some valua- H. intrans. 1 To cause or tend to cause Delphin editions ofthe classics.. See dcipAini.— Dia-
ble lessons in the art of popular Church edification. moral or intellectual improvement ; make peo-
mond edition. See dioinoiid. — Edition de luxe IF.i,
The ChurcUman, LIV. 469. an edition of a book characterized by the choice quality
ple wiser or better. and workmanslup of the paper, typography, embellish-
2t. built; a building; an edifice.
The thing ment, binding, etc., and tlie limited number of copies
Bullokar. —
3. The act of edifying or instruct-
The graver sort dislike all poetry,
Which does not, as they call it, edify. Oldham. issued, and hence the enhanced price. Editions de luxe
are generally sold by subscription.— Elzevir editions.
ing, or the state of being edified ; improvement
enlightenment most frequently 2t. To be instructed or improved, especially See Elzevir.
of the mind ; :
editiont (e-dish'on), V. t. [< edition, ».] To
morally become wiser or better.
;
used with reference to morals or religion. edit; publish. Myles Davies.
Ihave not more, truly, by man.
edified
He that prophesieth si)ealteth unto men to edification. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 1. editionert (e-dish'on-er), n. [< edition + -erl.]
1 Cor. xiv. 3.
All you gallants that hope to be saved by your clothes, An editor.
Out of these magazines I shall supply the town with
Addison, Guardian. edify, edify. Massinger. Mr. Norden maketh his complaint in that necessary
. . .
what may tend to their education.
Guide, added to a little, but not mueli augmented, by the
Alith. There's Doctrine for all Husbands, Mr. Harcourt.
Tis edification to hear him converse he professes the late Editioner. J. Gregory, Posthuma, p. 321.
Hare. I edify, Madam, so much, that I am impatient
;

noblest sentiments. Sheridan, School for Scandal, ii. 3.

till I am one. editio princeps (e-dish'i-d prin'seps). [L.:
Wycherley, Country Wife, v. 1.
edificator (ed'i-fi-ka-tor), n. [= P. 4dificateur (ed'i-fi-ing-li), adv. In an edifying editio, an edition'; princeps, first: see edition,
= =
It. edificatore, < L. csdi"
edifyingly
Sp. Pg. fdificador
or instructive manner. n., and principal.'] The first printed edition of
ficator, a builder, < adificare, pp. cedificatus, „ a book, especially of a Greek or Latin classic.
,r. .^
.„ ,. J-, J , ,• , .It • ,

prlitftir — &p.
,
He discourse unto us cdi/i/i«(7Zt/ and feelmgly of the r_ •'
build: see edify.~i One who or that which edi- will
substantial and comfortable doctrines
" of religion, editor (ed l-tor), M. L= y
,.. I

f
eaiteur Rn fg.
Pit • =
fies; an edifler. [Kare.] "
Killingbeck, Sermons, p. 324. -
editor =
It. editore, a, puhnaher, <. Jj. editor, one

edifyingness (ed'i-fi-ing-nos), ». The quality who puts

Language is the grand edificator of the race. forth, an exhibitor (the sense 'editor'
G. D. Boardman, Creative Week, p. 209. is mod.), < edere, pp. editus, put forth: see edit.]
of being edifying. [Rare.]
edificatonr (ed'i-fi-ka-to-ri), a. [= It. edifica- edile, sedile (e'dll), n. [< L. cedilis, < wdes, One who edits; one who prepares, or superin-
torio, < LL. cedificatorius, < L. cedificator, a mdis, a building, a temple see edify.] In an- tends the preparation of, a book, journal, etc.,
builder: see edificator.]
:

Tending to edifica- cient Rome, a magistrate whose duty was ori for publication. Abbreviated ed city editor.
See city.
—
tion. ginally the superintendence of public build- (ed-i-to'ri-al), a. and n. [< editor +
Where these gifts of interpretation and eminent endow- mgs and lands, out of which grew a large num- g^to^al ''*t,"''t \ T%__i_;_i„'L' .l. proceeding -•'- -

ments of learning are found, there can be no reason of re- ber of functions of administration and police. ial.] I. a. Pertaining to, from, or
straining them from an exercise so beneficially edificator;/ games wi'itten by an editor as, editorial labors ; an :

Bp. Hall, Cases of Conscience, x.

Among other duties, that of promoting the public
to the church of God.
was incumbent on the ediles, and cost them large sums of editorial article, note, or remark.
edifice (ed'i-fis), n. [< F. Mifice Pr. edifici = =
money. Later, under the empire, their functions were The editorial articles are always anonymous in form.
distributed among special officials, and their importance Sir G. C. Lewis, Authority in Matters of Opinion, ix.
Sp. Pg. It. edifido, < L. adifieium, a building of dwindle<i.
any kind, < cBdificare, build : see edify.'] build-
edileship,
A
sedileship (e'dil-ship), «. [< edile, II. m. An article, as in a newspaper, written
ing; a structure; an architectural fabric: ap- eedile, + -ship.] The office of an edile. by the editor or one of his assistants, and in
plied chiefly to large or fine buildings, public or form setting forth the j)Osition or opinion of the
The cedi^sAipwasan introduction to the liighest offices. paper upon some subject; a leading article:
private. L. Schriiitz, Hist. Kome, p. 236.
Should I go to church, as, an editorial on the war.
And see the holy edifice of stone. edilian, sedilian (e-dil'i-an), a. [< edile, (edile, The opening article on the first page [of "Figaro"] is
And not bethink me straight of dangerous rocks? + -ian.] Relating to an edile. what we should call the chief editorial, and what the Eng-
Shaft., M. of V.,i. 1.
edlngtonite (ed'ing-ton-it), n. [Named after lish term a "leader." In Paris it is known as a "chro-
edificial (ed-i-fish'al), o. [< edifice + -ial.] Mr. Edington, a Glasgow mineralogist.] A rare nique."
Tlie Century, XXXV. 2.

Pertaining to an edi'iice or a structure ; struc- zeolitie mineral occurring near- Dumbarton, editorially (ed-i-to'ri-al-i), adv. As, by, in the
tural. Scotland. It is a hydrous sUicate of alumini- style of, or with the authority of an editor.
Mansions . . . without any striking edt/jcurf attraction. um and barium. editorship (ed'i-tor-ship), n. + -ship.]
[< editor
British Critic, III. 653.
edit (ed'it), V. t. [= p. ^diter = Sp. editor, < The office of an eilitor.
edifier (ed'i-fi-fer), n. It. One who builds; a L. editus, pp. of edcre, give out, put out, pro- editress (ed'i-tres), m. [< editor -ess.] + A
builder. Huloet. —
2. One who edifies or im- duce, publish (as literary productions), exhibit, female editor.
parts instruction, especially in morals or re- etc., < e, out, + dare, give: see date^.] If. To edituatet (e-dit'u-at), v. t. [< ML. cedituatus,
ligion. put forth ; issue ; publish. pp. of mdituare, keep or govern a temple, < L.
edituo), a keeper of a temple, <
They scorn their edifiers t' own. He [Plato] wrote and ordeyned lawes moste eqal and mdituus (> It.
Who taught them all their sprinkling lessons, iuat. He edityed unto the Grekes (the plan of] a comon cedes, cedis, atemple (see edify), + tueri, protect.]
Their tones and sanctify'd expressions. welthe stable, quyet and commendable. To defend or govern, as a house or temple.
S. Butler, Hudibras, I. ii. 624.
J. Locher, Prol. to Barnlay'a tr. of Ship of Fools (ed.
[Jamieson), I. 6. The devotion whereof could not but move the city to
edify (ed'i-fi), v.; pret. and pp. edified, ppr. edituate such a piece of divine office.

edifying. [< ME. edifien, edefien, < QF. edifier, 2. To make a recension or revision of, as a J. Gregory, Notes on Scripture, p. 49.
F. edifier = Pr. edifiear, edifiar = Sp. Pg. edificar manuscript or printed book; prepare for pub- Edmunds Act. See act.
= lt. edificare, < L. cedificare, build, erect, estab- lication or other use in a clarified, altered, cor- edoctrinatet (e-dok'tri-nat), v. t. [< L. e, out,
lish, LL. instruct, < (edes, more commonly wdis, rected, or annotated form; collate, verify, elu- +
doctrina, doctrine: see doctrine, and cf. in-
a building for habitation, esp. a temple, as the cidate, amend, etc., for general or special use. doctrinate.] To instruct.
dwelling of a god, in pi. wdea, a dwelling-house Abelard wrote many philosophical treatises which have In what kind of complement, please you, venerable sir,
(orig. a fireplace, a hearth cf Ir. aidhe, a house,; .
never been edited. Enfield. to be edoctrinatedt Shirley, Love Tricks, iii. 6.
aodh, fire, AS. ad, a funeral pyre, and see oast), There are at least lour Viharas which we know for cer- Edolianset (e-do-li-a'ne), n. pi. Same as Edo-
+ -ficare,<facere,hmld.'i I. trans. 1. To build; tainty were excavated before the Christian Era. There ,„^„^.
liid(e.
construct. [Obsolete or archaic] areprobablyforty, but they have not yet been edt(ed with-pj.ijjj-, ^ea n pt.
nl [NL., < Edolius
X.a011ia8B Ced-n-li'i-dpl
9 11 1 ae), n.
such care as to enable us to feel confident in affixing dates
And seide, " This is an hous of orisouns and of holynesse, to them. (the typical genus) -I- -idee.]
J. Fergusson, Hist. Indian Arch., p. 144.
family of dron- A
And whenne that my wil is ich wol liit ouerthrowe, gos, named from the genus Edolius : same as
And er thre dayes after edefye hit newe. 3. To supervise the preparation of for publi-
Dicruridce. Also formerly Edolianw.
Piers Plowman (C), xix. 162.
cation; control, select, or adapt the contents
Munday, the xxvij Day of Aprill, to fferare, and ther I edral (-e'dral). [< NL. -cdralis, < -edron, -he-
of, as a newspaper, magazine, encyclopedia, or
lay all nyght, itys a good Cite, and well and substan- dron, in comp. decahedron, dodecahedron, etc., <
cially Edifyed. Torlcington, Diarie of Eng. Travell, p. 6.
other collective -work.
= Gr. c6pa, a seat, base, E. settle^ : see settW^.] =
Wherein were written down edition (e-dish'on), n. [= P. Edition Sp.
In geom., the latter element of compound ad-
The names of all who had died edicion ='Pg. edigao =
It. edizione, < L. editio(n-),
jectives referring to solids or volumes having
In the convent, since it was edified. a putting forth, a publishing, edition of a lit- so many {x, y, etc., 100, 1,234, etc.) faces. Thus,
Longfellow, Golden Legend, ii.
erary work, < edere, pp. editus, put forth, pub- x-edral means 'having x faces'; 1,234-edraJ means 'hav-
To build in or upon cover with buildings. lish: see edit] 1. The act of editing.— 2. An ing 1,234 faces,' and so on.
2f . ;

edited copy or issue of a book or other work; a Edriaster (ed-ri-as'ter), n. 1 [NL. < Gr. ei5p;ov, ,
Long they thus travelled in friendly wise.
Through countreyea waste, and eke well edifyde, recension, revision, or annotated reproduction: dim. of e£pa, a ___ , -I- d'(TT^p, star.]
„ seat, , ,
genus A
Seeking adventures hard, to exercise as, Milman's edition of Gibbon's "Rome"; the of cystic encrinites or fossil crinoids, of the
Their puissaunce. Spenser, F. Q., III. i. 14.
Globe edition of Shakspere. 3. — A
concurrent order Cystoidea, typical of the family Edrias-
3. To build up
or increase the faith, moralitj', issue or publication of copies of a book or some teridw. Also Edrioaster. Billings, 1858.
etc., of; impart instruction to, particularly m similar production; the number of books, etc., edriasterid (ed-ri-as'te-rid), n. One of the
morals or religion. of the same kind published together, or with- Edriasterida. Also edrioasterid.
They that will be true ploughmen must work faithfully out change of form or of contents; a multi- Edriasterida (ed"ri-as-ter'i-da), n. p/. [NL., <
for God's sake, for the edifying of their brethren. plication or reproduction of the same work or Edriaster -ida.] +
An order of fossil crinoids,
Latimer, Sermon of the Plough. or a suborder of cystoid crinoids, represented
series of works: as, a large edition of a book,
Comfort yourselves together and edify one another. map, or newspaper; the work has reached a by Edriaster and related genera. They are exclu-
1 Thes. V. 11. the Cystoidea.
tenth edition; the folio editions of Shakspere's sively paleozoic, and in general resemble
Your help here, to edify and raise us up in a scruple.
plays.
A pyramid is present, there are no arms or stem, and the
B. Jonson, Bartholomew Fair, i. 1. ambulacra communicate by perforations with the calycine
The which I also have more at large set oute in the cavity. The shape is that of a rounded starfish or flatten-
My little
ones were kept up beyond their usual time to
seconde edition of my booke. Whitgift, Defence, p. 49. ed sea-urchin with a concave base. Also Edrioasterida.
be edified by so much good conversation. n. pi. [NL.,
Goldgmitli, Vicar, ix. As to the larger additions and alterations, ... he lias Edriasteridae (ed"ri-as-ter'i-de),
4t. To convince or persuade. promised me to print them liy themselves, so that the for- < Edriaster -ida;.] +
family of fossil cystoid A
mer edition may not be wholly lost to those who have it.
crinoids or encrinites, of the order Cystoidea,
Youshall hardly edify me that those nations might not, Locfce, Human Understanding, To the Reader.
by the law of nature, have been subdued by any nation typified by the genus Edriaster. They have no anna
that had only policy and moral virtue. Bocon, Holy War. 4. Figuratively, one of several forms or states or stalk, and resemble in form some of the starfishes. Also
in which something appears at different times spelled Edrioasterid(B.
5t. To benefit ; favor.
Edriophthalma (ed"ri-of-tharma), n.pl. [NL.,
a copy; an exemplar.
My love with words and errors still she feeds. neut. pi. of edriophthalmus : see edriophthal-
But another with her deeds. The business of onr redemption is ... to set forth na-
edifies
Shafc., T. and C, v. 3, ture in a second and fairer edition. South, Sermons. mous.] 1 The sessile-eyed crustaceans ; one of
.
 ; ;

Edriophthalma 1845 edulcorate

.=Syn. Jo teach rear discipline, develop, nurture, breed, He tSwedenborgl reduces the part which morality plays
""" two ^
the OTeat divisions of the higher (malacos- in the Divine administration to a strictly educative one.
J. .. J f_„„ _Jt„„„„f_„„™,o\
• . inikKtrinate, school, drill.
tracous as distingmshed from entomostracous) education (ed-u-ka'shon), ». [= F. Education H. James, Subs, and Shad., p. 51.
Crustacea, having hxed sessile eyes not borne
"""y"""^ . _ 'k
the Podophthalma Sp. cducacion =
Pg. ediccagao
\^ >.

It. educa
.

= ..
=
2. Fitted for or engaged in educating as, an :

upon a movable stalls, as in

zione, < L. cducatio{n-), a breeding, bringing educative class.
(which see), no solid carapace or eephalothorax, up, rearing, < educare, educate: see educate.] educator (ed'ii-ka-tor), n. [= F. educateur =
the head, thorax, and abdomen distinct, and the
=
1. The imparting or acquisition of knowledge; Sp. Pg. educator It. educatore, < L. educator,
thorax segmented like the abdomen. This divi. mental and moral training; cultivation of the a rearer, foster-father, later a tutor, pedagogue,
•ion, rated as a subclass, includes the three orders Larno-
dipixia, Amphipoda, and Isopodci (see these words), and
mind, feelings, and manners. Education in abroad < educare, bring up, rear, educate see educate. ] :

in this acceptation the term is definite. It hag, however, sense, with reference to man, comprehends all that disci- One who or that which educates specifically, ;

been used in less exact and more comprehensive senses, plines and enlightens the understanding, corrects the tem- one who makes a business or a special study
ometimes including even trilobites and rotifers. per, cultivates the taste, and forms the manners and hab-
a narrower sense, it is the special course of training of education a teacher or instructor. ;

2. In conch., a tribe of gastropods having the its; in

pursued, as by parents or teachers, to secure any one or all Give me leave ... to lay before the educators of youth
eyes on the outer side of the base of the tenta- Under physical education is included all these few following considerations.
of these ends. South, Works, V. i.
cles. It includes most of the proboscis-bear- that relates to the development and care of the organs of
and of the muscular and nervous systems. In- Trade, that pride and darling of our ocean, that educator
ing forms. sensation
of nations, that benefactor in spite of itself, ends in shame-
tellectual education comprehends the means by which the
Edriophthalmata (ed'ri-of-thal'ma-ta), n. pi. powers of the understanding are developed and improved, ful defaulting, bubble and bankruptcy, all over the world.
[NL.J Same as Edriophthalma. education the de- Emerson, Works and Days.
knowledge is imparted. Esthetic
and is
edriophthalmatons (ed'ri-of-thal'ma-tus), a. velopment of the sense of the beautiful, and of technical gduCO (e-dus'), V. t. ;
pret. and pp. educed, ppr.
Same as edriophthalmous. skill inthe arts. Moral education is the cultivation of the <,,7„™„„'
':""''_" !^"
r_ a„
educir
p, = Pg. edueir = It.
moral nature. Technical education is intended to train !,—
""IZ.
edriophthalmic (ed'ri-of-thal'mik), o. Same persons in the arts and sciences that underlie the practice
,
educere, < L. educere, bring out, etc., < e, out,
as iilriojilithahiious. of the trades or professions. Education is further divided + ducere, lead, draw: see duct, and cf. educate,
edriophtbalmo'OS (ed'ri-of-thal'mus), a. [< into prijnary education, or instruction in the first elements adduce, conduce, induce, produce, etc.] It. To
NL. edriiiphthdlmus, prop. hedrionhthalmus,<OiT. of knowledge, received by children in common or elemen-
tary schools or at home secondary, that received in gram-
draw out extract, in a literal or physical sense.
;

cApiov, dim. a of iipa, the eye.]

seat, + (xji8a?.ii6^,
;

mar and high schools or in academies higher, that re- ; Cy. Why pluck you not the arrow from his side 1
Sessile-eyed, as a crustacean; specifically, per- ceived In coUegea, universities, and postgraduate study Be. We cannot, lady. . . .

taining to or having the characters of the Edri- and special or professional, that which aims to fit one for St. No mean, then, doctor, rests there to educe it?
ophthiilma. the particular vocation or profession in which he is to Chapman, Gentlerian Usher, iv. 1.
engage. With reference to animals, the word is used in
Educabilia (ed'ij-ka-bil'i-a), n. pi. [NL., pi. 2. or bring out; cause to appear or
To lead
the narrowest sense of training in useful or amusing acts
of •tdiicabilis, ed'ucable : see educable.'\ su- A or habits. be manifested ; bring into view or operation
perordinal group or series of monodelphian or By wardeship the moste parte of noble men and gentle- evoke.
placental mammals, in which the brain has a men within this Realme haue bene brought vp ignorantly The eternal art educing good from ill.
Pope, Essay on Man, IL 176.
relatively large cerebrum, overlapping much or and voide of good edueasions.
Quoted in Booke o/ Precedence (E. E. T. S., extra ser.), Yet has the wondrous virtue to educe
all of the cerebellum and olfactory lobes, and [Forewords, p. ix. From emptiness itself a real use.
a large corpus callosum extending backward to To love her was a liberal education. Cou^r, Hope, 1. 155.
or beyond the vertical plane of the hippocam- StecU, TaUer, Ko. 49. In divine things the task of man is not to create or to
pal sulcus, and having in front a well-developed Is there no danger of their neglecting or rejecting al- acquire, but to edwce. Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 347.
rostrum. It Includes the higher set or seriei of mam- together those opinions of which they have heard so little oJucible (e-du'si-bl) a [<. educe + -ible.'\ Capa-
malian orders, as PrimaUt, Ferae, UnguUUa, Proboieidea, during the whole course of their educofion?
Sirenia, collectively distinguished from the
and CeU, tbna Hume, Dial, concerning Natural Religion, i. We ^f
iTia being orl„«o<l'
ot vJ'i;,„ eaucea.
Ineducabilia (which see). It correspond* to Qyrmeepha- But education, in the true sense, is not mere instruction ednct (e'duit), n. [= F. Sducte; < L. eductum,
la and Anheneephala of Owen, and to the wMgaMhenu and In Latin, English, French, or history. It is the unfolding neut. of eductus, pp. of educere, lead out: see
arch'iitii of Dana. The word was invented by Bonaparte. of the whole human nature. It is growing up in all things educe.] 1. That which is educed; extracted
edncabilian (ed'u-kft-bil'i-an), a. [< Educa- to our highest possibility. matter; specifically, something extracted un-
bilia + -ail.] Pertaining to or having the char- J. F. Clarice, Self-Culture, p. 36.
changed from a substance. [Rare.]
acters of the Educabilia : opposed to ineduca- 2. The rearing of animals, especially bees, silk- The volatile oils which pre-exist in cells, in the fruit and
bilian. worms, or the like culture, as of bacteria in ; other parts of plants, and oil of sweet almonds obtained
educability (ed'u-ka-bil'i-ti), n. [= F. Muca- experimenting a brood or collection of culti-
; by pressure, are educts ; while oil of bitter almonds, which
bilitt:; as educable -ity: see -6i7i7y.]+Capa- vated creatures. [Recent, from French use.] does not pre-exist in the almond, but is funned by the ac-
tion of emulsion and water on amygdalin. is a pi-oduct.
bility of being educated ; capacity for receiving If they {silkworm-moths] were free from disease, then Chambers's Encyc.
instruction. a crop was sure; if they were Infected, the education
would surely fail. Small educations, reared apart 2. Figuratively, anything educed or drawn from
But this edueability of the higher mammals and birds is . . .

afli r all quite limited. J. Fieke, EvoluUonist, p. SIS. from the ordinary magnanerie, . were recommendeil. . . another ; an inference. [Rare.]
Encyc. Brit., XXII. 59.
The latter are conditions of, the former are educts from,
edncable (ed'u-ka-bl), a. r= F. Mucdble ; < NL. office of the United States Sir W. Hamilton.
Bureau of Education, an experience.
ti. educare, educate: see educate.'\
'edueabilig,<, government, formluK a part of the Department of the In-
Capable of being educated ; susceptible of men- terior, and charged with the promotion of the cause of
3. In math., an expression derived from an-
tal development. education through the collection and diffusion of statis- other expression of which it is a part.
Man more edueabU and plastic In his constitu*
tical and other Informatlan. It originated In 1867. Its eduCtion (e-duk'shon), n. [= Sp. educcion =
is . . .
head Is called the Commissioner of Education. = Syn. pg educ^ah, < L. eductio{n-), < edvcere, pp. educ-
tton than other animals. Datcton, Orig. of World, p. 423. ^"'"""'' "*<=• <**• ir^ructiony; breedfng, ,„-;^^ j^^^ „^t gee edl/CC.]" The act of educing;
.

edncatable (ed'u-ka-ta-bl), a. [< educate + s^h™K' a leading or drawing out.

-able.] Capable of being educated educable. educationable (ed-a-ka'shon-a-bl), a. [< edu-
cation + -able.] Proper to Weducated. /«aac
;
eduction-pipe (e-duk'shon-pip), n. In steam-
[Rare.]
Taylor. [Rare.] engines, the pipe by which the exhaust-steam
>ot letter, but 1«» <="««r educate lfw.^^j^««^. from the cylinder is led into the condenser or
Mcott, Tablet^ p. 106. educational (ed-u-ka'shon-al), a. iUducatiort
-!--«/.]Pertaining to education; derived from allowed to escape into the atmosphere.
educate (ed'u-kat), r. t. ;pret. and pp. educat- eduction-port (e-duk'shgn-p6rt), «. An open-
education as, educational institutions ; educa-
:
ed, ppr. educating. [< L. edueatus, pp. of edu- ing for the passage of steam in a steam-engine
tional habits.
care (> It. educare Sp. Pg. educar= F. idu- =
How would birchen bark, as an educational tonic, have from the valves to the condenser; the exhaust-
query, bring up (a child, physically or mental- Lowell, Study Windows, p. port.
fallen In repute ! ^. 304
ly), rear, educate, train (a person in learning
educationalist (ed-u-ka'shon-al-ist), n. r< ed- eduction-valve (e-duk'shgn-valv), n. valve A
or art), nourish, support, or produce (plants or ' through which a fluid is discharged or exhaust-
"•

animals), freq. of educire, pp. eductug, bring ucational -ist.]

'
dame as +
educationist.
ed: as, the exhaust- or eduction-valve of the
up, rear (a child, usually with reference to In order to give our American edueoHontUitts an idea
results. Tht Amsrican, IX. 470.
steam-engine.
bodilv nurture or support, while educare refers of the importance of the eductive (e-duk'tiv), o. [< L. eductus, pp. of
more" frequently to the mind), a sense derived educationallyt(ed-u-ka'shon-al-i), a<fc. As re- educere, draw out (see educe), -ive.] Tending +
from that of ' assist at birth ' (cf . "Educit obste- gards education. to educe or draw out. Boyle.
trix, edueat nutrix, instituit pgedagogus, docet Botany 1« naturally and edueationallp first in order, eductor (e-duk'tgr), n. [< LL. eductor (only as
magister," Varro, ap. Non. 447, 33 but these — EarU, Eng. Plant Names, p. ill.
equiv. to li. educator), < L. educere, draw out.]
distinctions were not strictlv observed), the educationary (ed-u-ka'shgn-a-ri), a. [< educa. That which brings forth, elicits, or extracts.
common and lit. sense being 'lead forth, draw tion -<trij.] Pertaining to education; eduoa- [Rare.] +
out, bring away,' < e, out, +
ducere, lead, draw : tional [Rare.] stimulus must be called an eductor of vital ether.
see educe. There is no authority for the com- The utilitarian
klM»4 11»II policy of the
I^Ullt./ ua Mill.; age
n^V' Is f^t savauuiij elimlnat
an gradually i^aaiaaaaiuv- Dr. E. Darwin.
mon statement that the primary sense of edu- Ing from the educationary system many of the special edulcorant (e-dul'ko-rant), a. and n. [< L,
^
.

cate is to draw out

' or imfold the powers of proceases by which minds used to be^develoj«d.
.
Pop. ^^ .^ Vd«fcora»(f-),s.ppr ppr. of "etJuJcorare, sweeten: . .

the mind.'] To impart knowledge and men- sec edulcorate.] I. a In med., sweetening, or
tal and moral training to; develop mentally edticationlst (ed-u-ka'shgn-ist) n. [< educa-
'-" One '^ who^' is + ~' in the theory rendering less acrid
versed
and morally by instruction; cultivate; qual- tion -ist.] '
'

n. n. drug intended to render the fluids A

ify by instruction and training for the busi- and practice of education, or who advocates of the body less acrid.
nes.s and duties of life. or promotes education ; an educator. edulcorate (e-dul'ko-rat), V. t; pret. and pp.
That philosopher lEplcunu] was educated here and In Indeed, Judging from the writings of some of the edulcorated, ppr. edtllcoratiny. [< L. as if *edul-
. . .

Teoi, and afterwards went to Athens, where he was co-

tempotsry with Menander the comedian.
most prominent eductUionists in the ITnitod States, an
enthusiasm Is spreading among Americans in favour of
coratus, pp. of 'edulcorarc (> F. 4dulcorer Pg. =
Poeoekt, Description of the F.aat, II. IL 24. workshop Instruction. Contemporary Jteo., L. 700. edulcorar, sweeten), < e, out, LL. dulcorare, +
Edftcate and Inform the whole mass of the people. En- The zealoua «iti«a«ont>t Is too apt to forget that the
sweeten : see dulcorate.] 1 . To remove acidity
able them to see that it la their Interest to preserve peace weak and vicious ipan Is fighting single-handed for the from; sweeten.
and order, and they will preaerve them. mastery over perhaps a score of evil-minded ancestors. Succory, a little edulcorated with sugar and vinegar. Is
Je/ertm, C!orre*pondence, II. 276. Pop. SH. Mo., XXV. 489. by some eaten in the summer, and more grateful to the
There Is now no clau, aa a class, more highly educated. educative (ed'u-ka-tiv), a.
brnadly educated, and deeply educated, than those who
[< educate -ire.] stomach than the palate. + Evelyn, Acetaria.

1. Tending to educate, or consisting in edu- 2. In chem., to free from acids, salts, or impu-
weru. in old times, liest described as partrldgcp<jpiiing
iqulreena. Dt Morgan, Budget ol Paradoxes, p. 381. cating. rities by washing.
 »

edulcorate 1846 eelskin

The copious powder that results from their union is, written either e or ee, and in early modern English spelled able fish, Electrophorus or Gymnotus electricus, of the fam-
by that uuion of volatile parts, so far fixed that, after ee or ca, with some differentiation (see «a). In words of ily Electrophoridce,oi a thick, eel-like form with a rounded
they have edulcorated it with water, they prescribe the other than Anglo-Saxon origin ee. has the same sound, Unless back, the vent at the throaty and the anal flu com-
calcining of it in a crucible for live or six hours. except in a few words not completely Anglicized, as in mencing behind it, of a brownish color alK)ve and whitish be-
Boyte, Works, IV. 311. nuiiinAe. Words of Oriental or other remote origin having low. It has the power of giving strong electric discharges at
tlie vowel i (pronounced e) are often spelled witli ee when will. The siiocks producedare often violent, and serve asu
edulcoration (e-dtil-ko-ra'shon), n. [= F. edul- turned into Knglish fomi, as elchee, suttee, etc. means both of offense and of defense. They are weakened
coratioH Pg. edulcorafSo ; as edulcorate + E. E. An abbreviation of errors excepted^ a sav-
= by frequent repetitions. Its electrical apparatus consists
1. The act of sweetening by admixture of two pairs of longitudinal bodies between the skin ami
-ioH.'i ing clause frequently placed at the foot of an
of some saccharine substance. —
2. In chem. the account rendered. Also, in a fuller form, E.
,
the muscles of the caudal region, one pair next to the back
and one along the anal fin. This apparatus is divided
act of sweetening or rendering more mild or and O. E. (which see). into about 240 cells, and is supplied by over 200 nerves.
pure by freeing from acid or saline stibstances, -ee^, [Late ME. -e or -cc, < OF. -e, fern, -ee, The electric eel is the most powerful of electric fishes.
or from any soluble impurities, by repeated af- mod. F. (with a diacritical accent) -<?, fern, -ee It sometimes attains a length of over 6 feet. It inhabits
the fresh waters of Brazil and Guiana.— Pug-nosed eel,
fusions of water. (pron. alike), < L. -atus, fern, -ata, pp. of verbs an eel of the genus ^imsnchelys (which see) so called by :

edulcorative (e-dul'ko-ra-tiv), a. [< edulcorate in -are, F. -er. Early ME. -e, -eej from the same fishemien. It is a deep-sea species, found off the New-
+ -ire.] Having the quality of sweetening or source, has usually become thoroughly Eng- foundland banks, often burrowing in the halibut, whence
purifying; eduleorant. the specific name S. parasiticxts.— Salt eeL (a) An eel or
lished as -y, or -ey ; cf. arni-y,jur-y,jell-y, chim- an eel's skin prepared for use as a whip.
euulcorator (e-dul'ko-ra-tor), n. One who or n-eyjourn-eyf etc. See -ate^^ -ade^, -y.'\ suffix A
that which edulcorates specifically, in chem., of French, or more remotely of Latin origin, iilti-
;
Up betimes, and with my salt eele went down in the
a contrivance formerly used for supplying raately the same as -ate^ and -crf2^ forming the
parler, and there got my
boy and did beat him til I was
faine to take breath two or three times.
small quantities of water to test-tubes, watch- termination of the perfect passive participle, Pepys, Diary, April 24, 1663.
glasses, etc. and indicating the object of an action, it occurs
edulioust (e-dii'li-us), a. [< L. edulia, eatables, chiefly in words derived from old Law French or formed
Hence — (6) A rope's end; a flogging. [Nautical slang.]
Trembling for fear.
food (rare sing, edulium, > It. edulio), prop. pi. according to the analogy of such words, as in pay-ee,
Lest from Brldport they get such another salt eel
of ediile (> Pg. edulo), neut. of adj. edulis, eat- draw-eCy assign-ee, employ-ee, etc., denoting the person As brave Duncan prepared for Mynheer.
who is paid, drawn on, assigned to, employed, etc., as op-
able, < edere =
E. eat.'] Edible eatable. ;
posed to the agent in -ori or -«rl (in legal use generally
Dibdin, A Salt Eel for Mynheer.
The busies of peas, beans, or such eduliou^ pulses. -ori), as pay-er or pay-or, draw-er^ assign-or, employ-er,
eel-basket (erbas'-'ket), w. basket for catch- A
Sir T. Browne, Misc., p. 13. etc.
ing eels; an eel-pot,
[NL. (Quatre- -ee^, dim. -ie, -y, and see -eel.] A diminu-
[Cf.
An
£dwardsia (ed-ward'zi-a), n.
tive termination, occurring in bootee^ goateej
eel-buck (el'buk), «. eel-pot. [Great
fages, 1842), named after Henri Milne--E(fK;arrte, Britain.]
a French naturalist.] ge- A etc. The diminutive force is less obvious in
Eel-bucks that are intended to catch the sharp-nosed or
settee, which may be regarded as a diminutive
nus of sea-anemones, made frog-mouthed eels are set against the stream, and are set
of sett-le. at night, as those two descriptions of eels feed and run
type of the family Edward-
siidce. They are not fixed or at-
eef, d- dialectal form of eatlu A only at night. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXIX. 258.
tached, but live free in the sand, Howbeit to this daie, the dregs of the old ancient Chau-
cer English are kept as well there [in Ireland] as in Fin-
eeleator, n. [E. dial.] young eel. [Local, A
or, when young, are even free-
gall, as they terme easie, ^eth, or ^efe.
Eng. (Northumberland).]
swiinming organisms. In the lat- . . .

ter state they have been described Stanihurst, Descrip. of Ireland, p. 11, in Holinshed. Eele Eeleaator! cast your tail intiv a knot, and aw ! 1

as a different ^enus, Arachnactin. throw you into the waater. Quoted in Brockett's Glossarj-.
E. beauteinpsi is an example.
eegrass (e'gras), w. Same as eddish, 1.
Edwardsiidae (ed-wiird-zi'- eek^t, t?., adv.f and conj. An obsolete form of eelfare (el'f ar), n. [< eel fare, a going. Henco +
eke, by corruption elver, q. v.] 1. In the Thames
i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Ed-
wardsia + -idm.] A group of eek^ (ek), v. i. [A dial. var. of itch or yucic: see valley, the migration of young eels up the river.
Actiniaria with eight septa. itch, yucic.'] To itch. [Prov. Eng.] A — 2. fry or brood of eels. [Prov, Eng. in
There are two pairs of directive eeket, ^- <i^^- 1 ^^^ conj. An obsolete form of eJce, both senses \

septa, the remaining four septa eel (el), n. [Early mod. E. also eele; < ME. el, eJe, eel-fly (el'fli), n. A shad-fly. C. Ballock. [St.
being impaired. All the septa are < AS. wl =
MD. (wl, D. aal Fries, iel MLG. Lawrence river.] = =
furnished with reproductive or-
gans. The tentaeles are simple,
dl, el, LG. al =
OHG. MHG. al, G. aal Icel. all eel-fork (el'fdrk), n. =
pronged instrument A
and usually more numerous than Sw. dl = =
Norw. Dan. aal, an eel ; perhaps for catching eels.
the septa. The body- wall is soft, ovig. Teut. *agla (cf. L. anguilla =
Gr. lyx^^^v^, eel-gig (el'gig), n. Same as eel-spear.
and the column longitudinally
sulcate, with eight invections.
an eel), dim, of a supposed *agi L. anguis eel-grass (el'gras), n. 1. = =
grass-like naiada- A
edwitet, f- t. [ME. edwiten,
Gr. tx'-^ —
Skt. ahi, a snake, < -/ *agh, **angh, ceous marine plant, Zostera marina. [U. S.]
choke, strangle see anguish^ anger^, etc., Echis, :
The dnll weed npholstered the decaying wharves, and
edu-yten, < AS. edwitan (=
Echidna.] 1. An elongated apodal fish of the the only Ireight that heaped them was the kelp and eel-
OHG. itawlzian, itawizon, about natural size. family Anguillidce and genus Anguilla, of which grass left by higher floods. Lowell, Fireside Travels, p. 45.
MHG. iteicizen Goth, id- = there are several species. The body is very long and 2. The wild celery, Fallisneria spiralis.
weitjan), reproach, < eel-, back, + witan, blame :
subcylindrical, covered with discrete minute elliptical
see wife, and cf. twit, < AS. mtwitan.'] To re- scales, chiefly arranged diagonally to the axis and at right eel-mother (ermuTH'''6r), n. viviparous fish, A
proach rebuke.; angles with one another, but immersed in the skin, and Znarces viviparns, of an elongated eel-like form,
partly concealed by a slippery mucous coat. The head is often confounded with the eel.
The fyrste worde that he warpewas, *'whereisthebolle?" somewhat depressed, and the lower jaw protuberant. The
His wif gan edwite hym tho how wlkkedlich he lyued. eel-oil (el'oil), «. An oil obtained from eels,
teeth are slender, conic, and crowded in small bands in
Piers Plowman (B), v. 370.
both jaws and in a longitudinal band on the vomer. The
used in lubricating, and as a liniment in rheu-
edwitet, n. [ME. edwite, edwyte, edwit, edwyt, dorsal, anal, and caudal fins are nearly uniform, and com- matism, etc.
< AS. edwit (= OHG. itawiz, itwiz, MHG. itewize, pletely united into one, the dorsal beginning near the eel-pot (el'pot), TO. 1. A kind of basket for catch-
second third of the entire length of the body. The color is ing eels, having fitted into the mouth a funnel-
itwiz =
Goth, idweit), reproach, < edwitan, re- generally brownish or blackish, except on the belly, which
proach: see edwite, v.] Keproach; blame. is whitish or silvery. The females attain a considerably shaped entrance, like that of a wire mouse-trap,
Man, hytt was full grett dyspyte larger size than the males. The sexual organs are minute composed of flexible willow rods converging
So offte to make me edwyte. except in the breeding season, and sexual intercourse takes inward to a point, so that the eels can easily
Hymm to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 124. place in the sea. Young females ascend into fresh water, force their way in, but cannot escape. These
Itut the males remain in salt water, and have rarely been
baskets are usually attached to a framework of wood erect-
edyt, edit, a. [ME., also eadi, wdi, < AS. eddiff seen; and when full-grown the females return to the sea ed in a river, especially a tideway river, the large open end
(== OS. odag = OHG. otag = Icel. audhigr = for sexual intercourse and spawning. Eels are of much
of each being opposed to the current of the stream, llie
Goth, audags), rich, happy, fortunate, blessed, economic importance, and objects of special fisheries. eels are thus intercepted on their descent toward the
The common European species is Anguilla anguilla or brackish water, which takes place during the autumn.
< crfd, wealth, riches, happiness see Ed-.] 1. :
A. vulgaris; the American is A.rostrata. See Angnilla,, Eel-pots are used in various parts of the Thames in Eng-
Bich; wealthy. A nguUlidce. land. In Great Britain called eel-buck.
Vnderstondeth vn to me, edye men and arme [poor]. In that Klome men fynden Eles of 30 Fote long and 2. The homelyn ray, Baia maculata. [Local,
Old Eng. Miscellany (ed. Morris), p. 65. more. Mandeville, Travels, p. 161.
Eng.]
2. Costly; expensive. Layamon, I. 100. — 3. Is the adder better than the eel,
Because his painted skin contents the eye?
eel-pout (el'pout), n. [< ME. "elepoute (not re-
Happy; blessed.
Shak., T. of the S., iv. 3.
corded), < AS. celepute (= CD. aelpuyt, also puyt-
Edy beo thu mayde. ael, D. puitaal) (L. capito), < eel, eel, -1- pute
Old Eng. Mimellany (ed. MorrisX It is agreed by most men that the eel is a most dainty
p. 6b.
ftsh. /. Walton, Complete Angler, i. 23. (only in this comp.), pout: seepout^.] 1. The
4. Fortunate favorable. conger-eel or lamper-eel, Zoarces anguillaris, of
;
2. Any fish of the order Apodes or Symhranehii, — A
Me wore leuere . . .
of which there are many families and several
North America. See lamper-eel. 2. local

hundred species. 3, Some fish resembling or English name of the

eel-mother or viviparous
Of eddi dremes rechen swep.
Genesis and Exodus, 1. 2085. — local English — A
Famous; distinguished.
likened to an eel; an anguilliform fish. 4. —
blenny, Zoarces viviparus. 3.
6.
Some small nematoid or threadworm, as of name of the burbot. Lota vulgaris.
Most doughty of dedis, dreghist in arrays,
the family Anguillulidce, found in vinegar, sour eel-punt
(el 'punt), n. flat-bottomed boat A
And the strongest in stoure, that euer on stede rode, used in fishing for eels.
Ercules, that honerable, edist of my knightes. paste, etc. See vinegar-eel, and cut under Nema-
DestmctioTl of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 5324. ^oidea.— Blind eel, a bunch of eel-grass or marsh-grass. eel-set
(el'set). n. peculiar kind of net used A
—
Electric eel, a remark- in catching eels.
ee (e), n. [A dial, form of eye: see eye.] An [Colloq., Chesapeake Bay, U. S.]
In Norfolk, where immense quantities of eels are caught
eye. [Now chiefly Scotch.]
every year, the capture is mostly effected by eel-sets, which
Fears for my Willie brought tears in my ee. are nets set across the stream, and in which the sharp-
Bums, Wandering Willie. nosed eel is the one almost invariably taken.
XXIX. 2.W.
Pop. Sci. Mo.,
ee. A common English digraph, of Middle Eng-
lish origin, having nowthe sound of "long" e, eel-shaped (el'shapt), a. Like an eel in shape,
namely, e. in Middle English it was actually "double" long and slender; specifically, anguilliform.
« — that the long sound a corresponding to the short
is, eel-shark (el'shark), «. A shark of the family
sound representing an Anglo-Saxon long e (f)^as in
e, Clilamydoselachida.
beet, greet, meet, breed, feed, etc. or an Anglo-Saxon (K, as in
eel-shear (el'sher), «. An eel-spear.
,

teed, eel, sleep, weed'i, etc., or erf, as in cheek, steep, leek, etc.,
or eo, as in bee, deer, deep, creep, weed^, etc., such vowels eelskin (el'skin), «. The skin of an eel. Eel-
or diphthongs becoming in later Middle English long e. Electric Eel {BUctrophoriis electricus) skins are used — (a) to cover a squid or artificial bait for
 ;; ::
; — ;

eelskin 1S47 effectible

catehlntc MneBsh, bonitos. etc. : (b) by negroes as a remedy removal. To
eraxe is to rub out or scratch out, so that The Turks in the work stood their ground, and fired
tor riieumatisni (r) by sailors as a whip, and in tliis cast'
;
the thing is destroyed, although the signs of it may re. with terrible effect into the wliirlwind that was rushing
called mlt eel. (rf) Formerly used as a casing for the cue main as. to erase a word in a letter. To cancel is to cross
: upon them.
or pigtail of the liair or the wig. especially by sailurs. out, to deprive of force or validity. To expunge is to Arch, Forbes, Souvenirs of some Continents, p. 96.

eel-spear (el'sper), «. A forked spear used for strike out ; tlie word is now rarely used, except of the
striking out of some record as, to expunge from the jour-
:
2. Power to produce consequences or results
eatcUiiig eels. There are many sizes and styles of the nal a resolution of censure. To efface is to make a com- force ; validity ; account : as, the obligation is
instrument. Special forms of eel-spears are known as plete removal : as, his kindness effaced all memory of past void and of no effect.
f/rick and dart, neglect. Obliterate is more emphatic than efface, meaning
An obsolete or Scotch plural of Christ is become of no effect unto you. Gal. v. 4.
een (en), ». to remove all sign or trace of.
eye. See ee. Like gypsies, lest the stolen brat be known, 3. Purport; import or general intent: as, he
e'eni (en), adv. A contraction of wen^. For- Defacing first, then claiming for his own. immediately wrote to that effect; his speech
Churchill, Apology, 236.
merly often written ene. 1.
was to the effect that, etc.
I have e'en done with you. Sir R. L'Eslrange. Whatever hath been written shall remain,
The effect of which seith thus in wordes fewe.
Nor be erased nor written o'er again.
e'en^ (en), n. [Sc] A contraction of eren^. Longfellow, Morituri Salutamus, 1. 168.
Chaucer, Pity, 1. 56.

Formerly often written e)te. They spake to her to that 2 Chron. xxxiv. 22.
effect,
The experiences dreams continually contradict the
in
•een. [Cf. -ene, -ine, -in, etc.] A termination experiences received during the day and go far towards ;
When I the scripture ones or twyes hadde redde.
And knewe therof all the hole effecte, Uawet.
of Latin origin, representing ultimately Latin cancelling the conclusions drawn from day experiences.
-enus, -inus, etc., adjective terminations, as in
H, Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., § 72. We quietly and quickly answered him, both what wee
A universal blank were, and whither bound, relating the effect of our Com-
damaskeen, tureen, canteen, sateen, velveteen, etc. Of nature's works, to me expunged and rased. mission.
See these words. Milton, P. L., iii. 49. Quoted In Capt, John Smith's True Travels, II. 42.
e'er (5r), adc contraction of ever.A These are the records, half effaced. 4. Astate or course of accomplishment or
This is as strange thing as e'er I look'd on. Which, with the hand of youth, he traced. fulfilment; effectuation; achievement; opera-
Shak., Tempest, v. 1. Longfellow, Coplas de Manrique.
tion : as, to bring a plan into effect; the medi-
[< F. -ier, < L. -drius, etc. : see -er^ and The Arabians came like a torrent, sweeping down and
-eer.
obliterating even the landmarks of former civilization.
cine soon took effect.
-i>r.] A suflix of nouns of agent, being a more Preicolt, Feni. and Isa., i. 8. Not so worthily to be brought to heroical effect by for-
English spelling of -ier, equivalent to the older tune or necessity. Sir P, Svdney.
-er2, as in prisoner, etc. (see -er-), as in engineer
effaceable (e-fa'sa-bl), a. [= F. effa^able; as
(formerly enffiner), pamphleteer, gazetteer, buc- efface
+ -able.l Capable of being effaced. 6. Actual fact; reality; not mere appearance:
[= F, effacement; preceded by in.
caneer, cannoneer, etc., and, with reference to effacement
(e-fas'ment), n.
place of residence, motintaineer, garreteer, etc. as efface
+ -tnent.'\ I'he act of effacing, or the And thiae Images, wel thou mayst espye.
state of being effaced. To the ne to hem.self mowe nought profyte.
eerie, a. See eery. For in effect they been nat worth a myte.
eerily (e'ri-li), adv. In an eery, strange, or effar6 (e-fa-ra'), o. [F., pp. of effarer, startle, Chatuxr, Second Nun's Tale (ed. Skeat), G, 511.
unearthly manner. frighten, Pr. esferar, frighten, < L. efferare, = No other in effect than what it seems.
m«3ce wild, < effertts, wild: see efferous.l In Sir J, Denham, Cooper's Hill.
It siHjke in pain and woe wildly, eerilv, uiKently.
;
her., same as salient: said of a beast, especial-
Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, xxxv. 6. Mental impression general result upon the ;
ly a beast of prey. Also effear6. mind of what is apprehended by any of the fac-
eeriness (e'ri-nes), n. The character or stat«
e&tsciliatet (e-fas'i-nat), r. (. [< L. effascinatus, ulties as, the effect of a view, or of a picture.
of being eery. Also spelled eariness. :
pp. of effascinare, fascinate, < ex- (intensive) -I-
eery, eerie (e'ri), a. [Sc., also written eiry, fascinare, charm: see fascinate.'] To charm; The effect was heightened by the wild and lonely nature
ery ; origin obscure.] 1. Such as to inspire of the place. Irving,
bewitch; delude; fascinate. Heytcood.
awe or fear ; mysterious strange ; peculiar ; He carries his love of effect far beyond the limits of
effascinationt (e-fas-i-na'shon), n. [< L. effas- moderation. Macaulay, On History.
weird.
Dark, dark, grew his eerit looki.
cinatio{n-), < effascinare, pp. effascinatus, charm I was noting the good effect of the cinnamon-colored la-
And raoiDg grew the lea. see effaseiiMte.] The act of bewitching, delud- teen-sails against the dazzling white masonry.
The Ditmon Lover (Child'i Ballada, I. S03). ing, or fascinating, or the state of being be- T, B. Aldrich, Ponkapog to Pesth, p. 218.

The etrie beauty of a winter scene. Tennywon. witched or deluded. In the best age of Greek art the jeweller obtained varied
effects by his perfect mastery over the gold itself, and made
2. Affected by superstitious fear, especially St. Paul sets down the Just judgement of Ood against
comparatively little use of such precious stones as were
the receivers of Antl-christ, which is e/asetnotion, or
when lonely ; nervously timorous.
strong delusion.
then known, except in rings.
In mirkiest glen at midnight hour, C. T. Newton, Art and Archaiol., p. 395.
Shelford, Learned Discourses (Camb., I6S6), p. 317.
I'd rove, and ne'er be eerie. 7. pi. [After F. effeti, effects, chattels, effets
Burnt, My ain kind Dearie, n. effeard, a. In her., same as effari.
V. t. [< L. effectus, pp. of efflcere,
mohiliers, movable property; cf. effet, a bill,
As we lat and talked. was with an
eerie feeling that
It
effect (e-fekt' ),
bill of exchange, effets publics, stocks, funds.]
I felt the very foundations of the land thrill under feet my ecfacere, bring to pass, accomplish, complete,
at every dull ixjom of the surf on the outward barrier. do, effect, < ex, out. +j'acere, do: see/flcf, and Goods; movables; personal estate, in (ojc- (n)
//. O. Forbee, Eastern Archipelago, p. 13. Property whatever can l>e turned into money. (6) Per-
1. To produce as a result;
;
cf. affect, «'»/«<•/.]
sonal property.
eett. An obsolete preterit of eat. Chaucer. be the cause or agent of bring about ; make
;
A few words sufficed to explain everything, and in ten
ef-. An assimilated form of ex- before/. actual ; achieve : as, to effect a political revolu- minutes our effects were deposited in the guest's room of
efagst (f-fagz'), [Another form of ifaeks,
iHteri. tion, or a change of government. the Lansman's house. B. "Taiflor, Northern Travel, p. 127.
ifecks, etc. : see f/ecks.'] In faith on my word ; What he (the Almighty) decreed. The conclusion the denouement of a story.
8t. ;
certes. [Vulgar.] He effeeted ; man he made, and for him built
HagniHcent MiltM, P. U, ix. 152.
this world. Now to the effect, now to the fruyt of al.
**lifaffe! the gentleman has got a Tratyor," says Mrs. Why I have told this storye, and tellen shal.
Towwuuse ; at which they all fell a laughing. Insects constantly carry pollen from neighboring plants Chaucer, Good Women, I. 1160.
Fielding. Joseph Andrews, to the stigmas of each flower, and with some species this
is effected by the wind. Darwin, Origin of Species, p. 248. Effect Of a machine, in mech,, the useful work perform-
eff (ef), «. Same as c/Vi.
ed in some interval of time of detlnite length.— For ef-
effablet (ef'a-W), a. [= It. effahUe, < L. effabilit, Almost anything that ordinary Are can effect may lie ac.
fect, witli tlie desi^rn of creating an impression ostenta- ;

tiously. ~ Hall effect, the dellection, within its conduc-

uttcniiile, i effari, utt^-r, speak out, < ex, out,
complished at the focus of invisible rays.
Tirndall, Radiation, % 7.
-I- fari = Gr. ^vai, speak see fable, fame.] :
tor, of an electric current passing through a magnetic field.
— Peltier effect, the heating or cooling of a junction of
Utterable capable of being explained ; expli- 2. To bring to a desired end ; bring to pass
;
dissmiilar ini-t;ils Ijy the passage of an electric current
cable. Barrow. execute accomplish ; fulfil as, to effect a pur- :
;

pose, or one's desires.

^omson effect, the evolution or absorption of heat by
lie did, u[N>n his suggestion, accommodate thereunto an electric current in flowing from one i)oint in a con-
his universal language, Ut make his character effabie, If it be in man, besides the king, to effect your suits. ductor to another at a diflerent temperature.— To give
VaUit. Defence of the Royal Society (1078), p. 16. here I* man shall do ft. Shak., w. T., iv. 4. effect to, til make valid carry out in practice pnsli to
; ;

it« legitimate or natural result.- To take effect, to oper-

efface (e-fas')> "• '• ; pret. and pp. ejToced, ppr.
effacing. [< F. effaeer (= I^. esfassar), efface,
Crf- for es- (< L. ex), out, face, face.] 1. To
era.sc or obliterate, as something inscribed or
cut on a surface ; destroy or render illegible
hence, to remove or destroy as if by erasing: mate; Affect, Effect, kee affects. — 2. Execute, Aceompiish,
as, to efface the letters on a monument
E'en his soul seem'd only to direct
ate or liegin to operate. =Syn. 1. K/ert. ('o7ise</uejtce. Be-
So great a body such exploits t' effect.
Daniel, Civil Wars, v. sidt ; event, issue. Effect is tne closest and strictestof these
+ Being consul, I doubt not t' effect
words, both philosophically and ]iopularly representing
the immediate prwluct of a cause as, every effect must :
All that you wish, B. Joneon, Catiline. have an ade<|Uate cause; the effect of a flash of lightning.
= 87n. L To realize, fulfll, complete, compass, consum- A conteijuence is, in the common use of the word, more
remote, and not so closely linked to a cause as effect; it is
to etc. See perform. ;
that which follows. Benilt may tie near or remote it Is ;

= often used In the singular to express the sum of the effects

efface a writing;. to efface a false impression effect (e-fekf ), h. [< ME. effect D. effect, effekt,
or eontequejicet, viewed as making an end.
from a person's mind. G. effect =
Dan. 8w. effekt, < OF. effect, effet, =
E/aee from his mind the theories and notions valgarly F. effet Pr. effeit Sp. efecto =
Pg. effeito = = = Find out the cause of this effect. Shak,, Hamlet, II. 2.

Consequences are unpitylng. Our deeds carry their ter.

received. Saam. It. effetto, < L. effectus, an effect, tendency, pur- rible consequences, quite apart from any fluctuations that
Tho' brass and marble remain, yet the inscriptions are pose, < efficere, ecfacere, pp. effectus, bring to —
went before consequences that are hardly ever confined
tfaeed by time, and the imuery moulders away. pass, accomplish, complete, effect: see effect, to ourselves. George Eliot, Adam llede, xvl.
Locke, Human Undentanding, 11. 10. F.] 1. That which effected by an efficient
is Of what mighty endeavour liegun
From which even the icy touch of death had not e/aerd cause; a consequent; more generally, the re- What retuUs insufficient remain.
all the living Ijeauty. Sumner, Joseph Story. sult of any kind of cause except a final cause Owen Meredith, Epilogue.
2. To keep out
of view or unobserved; make as, the effect of heat. 7. floods. Chattels, etc. See property,
inconspicuous; cause to be unnoticed or not Every argument is either derlvetl from the effecte of the effecter (e-fek't<T), n. One who or that which
noticeable used reflexively as, to efface one^s
: : matler, of the fonrrae, or of the efficient cause. effects, produces, or causes. Also effector.
self in the midst of gaiety. Sir T. Wilton, Rule of Reason.
The commemoration of that great work of the creation,
Tl-tt ciiiuisite something called style, which, like the Causes are as parents to effectt. and paying homage and worship to that infinite being
grace of i>erfect breeding, everywhere pervasive and no- Bacon, Physical Fables, vill., Expl. who was the eff'ector of it.
where emphatic, makes itself felt by the skill with which Divers attempts had been maile at fonner courts, an<i Derham, Physico-Theology, x1. 8.
it rfaeet iitrlf, and masters us at last with a sense of in- the matter referred to some of the magistrates and some effectible (p-fek'ti-bl), a. r< effect -tWe.] +
tletlnable completeness. of the elders but still It came to no effect,
Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 176.
;

Winthrop, Hist. New England, I. 388.

Capable of being done or achieved ; practica-
feasible. [Rare.]
= 8yil. 1. Defnee, Brate. Cancel, Bxpuwje, Efface, Obliter- You have not only been careful of my fortune, which ble;
ate, To ilefiwe Is to inlure, impair, or mar to the eye, and was the effect of yonr nobleness, but you have been soli- Whatsoever . ise/ecd'ftteby the most congruous and . .

so generally u|K'n the surface: as, to dejace a building. citotu of my reputation, which Is that of your kindness. effl'scious application of actives to passives, is effectible by
The other words agree in representing a blotting out or Dryden, Account of Annus Mirabllls. them. Sir M. Hale, Orig. of Mankind, p. 388.
 ; ;
: !

efifection 1848 effeminately

effection (e-fek'shon), n. [= F. effecHon, < L. And that thyng which niaketh a man loue the law of Effectuous wordes and pithie in sense. Expressa et
God, doth make a man righteous, and iustifieth him effec- sensu tincta verba. Baret, Alvearie, 1580.
€ff€Ctio{n-)j a doing, effecting, < effi-cere, pp. ef- Tyndale, Works, p. 835.
tiuely and actually.
fectus, effect see effect, r.] 1. The act of ef-
: effectuouslyt (e-fek'tu-us-li), adv. Effectually;
People had been dismissed the camp effectively, finally, effectively.
fecting; creation; production. and with no possibility of return ; but this was the first
But Koing further into particulars, [Plato] falls iuto con- time that anybody had been introduced ab initio. my dear father, Master L[atimer], that I could do any-
jectures, attributing tlie effection of the soul unto the Bret Harte, Luck of Koaring Camp. thing whereby I might effectuously utter my poor heart
Great God, but the fabrication of the body to the Dii ex towards you
2. Actually; in fact. [A Gallicism.] J. Careless, in Bradford's Works (Parker Soc. 1853), II. 406.
Die, or Angels. Sir M. Hale, Orig. of Mankind, p. 290. ,

effectiveness (e-fek'tiv-nes), n. The quality

2. In geom.y the construction of a proposition. of beinj^ efteetive.=Syn. Effectiveness, Efficiency, Ef- effeir
(e-fer'), v. i. [Sc, also written effere,
[Rare in both uses.]— Geometrical effection, a ficacy, Kfffctualne^s. Tlie same differences obtain among affeir, affer, < OF. afferety aferer (= Pr. afferir;
geometrical problem deducible from some general propo- these words as among effective, efficient, efficacious, and ML. reflex afflrere), be suitable, convenient, <
sition. effectual. (See comparison under effective.) Effectualness L. afferrCy adferrey bring to, assist, be useful
and is less often used, on account of Its awkwardness.
effiective (e-fek'tiv), a. w, [= D. effectief to : see afferent.'] In Scots laWj to be suitable,
= G. effectiv = Dan. Sw. effcktiVj < F. effectif = effectless (e-fekt'les), a. [< effect -less,'] +
or belong.
Pr. effectiu = Sp. e/ectivo = Pg. effectivo = It. Without effect or result ; useless; vain.
In form as effeirs, means such form as in law belongs to
effettivOf < LL, effectivuSj < L. e^'ectiiSy pp. of ef- Sure all's effectless; yet nothing we'll omit the thing. Bell.
That bears recovery's name. Shak., Pericles, v. 1.
Jicerey effect: see effect^ r.] I. a. 1. Serving The Baron of Avenel never rides with fewer than ten
to effect the intended purpose ; producing the effector (e-fek'tor), n. [= It. effettore, < L. ef- jack-men at his back, and oftener with fifty, bodin [fur-
fector^ < efficercj pp. effectuSj effect : see effect^ nished] in all that effeirs to war as if they were to do battle
intended or expected effect or result; opera-
for a kingdom. Scott, Monastery, xxxiii.
tive; efficacious: as, an e^cc^rc cause ; effective r.] See cffecter.
proceedings. effectresst (e-fek'tres), n. [< cffecter +
effeir (e-fer'), n,
-ess,"] [Sc, also written effere, af-
Though [theaters were] forbidden, after the year 1574, A woman who effects or does. [Rare.] feir, etc.; < effeiry v.] 1. That which belongs
to be open on the Sabbath, the prohibition does not ap- A Chappell dedicated to the Virgin Mary, reputed or is becoming to one's rank or station.
. , .

pear to have been effective during the reign of Elizabeth. an effectresse of miracles. Sandys, Travailes, p. 7. Quhy sould they not have honest weidis [proper clothes)
Whipple, Ess. and Rev., II. 16. To thair estait doand effeir? Maitland, Poems, p. 328.
effectual (e-fek'tu-al), a. [= Sp. cfectual (ohs.)
2. Capable of producing effect; fit for action = It. cffettualejX ISlh. *effectuaUs (in adv. cf- 2. Property ; quality ; state ; condition.
or duty; adapted for a desired end: as, the fectaaliter), < L. eff'ectus (effectu~)j an effect: Than callit scho all flouris that grew on feild,
effective force of an army or of a steam-engine see effect, w.] 1. Producing an effect, or the Discryving all thair fassiouns and effeirs.
is so much effective capacity.
Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 5,
; effect desired or intended ; also, loosely, hav-
Effeir of war. warlike guise.
Is there not a manifest inconsistency in devolving upon ing adequate power or force to produce the
the federal government the care of the general defence, effeminacy (e-fem'i-na-si), n. [< effeminate : see
effect : as, the means employed were effectual.
and leaving in the state governments the effective powers -cy.] The state or quality of being effeminate;
by which it is to be provided for? Their gifts and grants are thereby made effectual both feminine delicacy or weakness want of manli- ;

A. Hamilton, Federalist, No. to bar themselves from revocation, and to assecure tlie
xxiii.
right they have given. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 62. ness ; womanishness : commonly applied, in re-
3. Serving to impress or affect with admira- The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous manavaileth proach, to men exhibiting such a character.
tion producing a decided impression of beau-
; much. Jas. v. 16. He tells me, speaking of the horrid effeminacy of the
ty or a feeling of admiration at the first pres- King, that tlie King hath taken ten times more care and
2t. True ; veracious. pains in making friends between my Lady Castlemaine
entation ; impressive striking ; specifically, ;
Keprove my allegation, if you can ; and Mrs. Stewart, when they have fallen out, than ever
artistically strong or suceessf iil as, an effective : Or else conclude my words effectual. he did to save his kingdom. Pepys, Diary, III. 168.
performance an effective picture.;
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 1.
The physical organization of the Bengalee is feeble even
Nothing can be more effective than the ancient gold Effectual adjudication, calling, demand, etc. See the to effeminacy. Macaulay, Warren Hastings.
which . covers the wails of . . St. Sophia of Kieff, nouns. =Syn. 1. EJicacious, Effectual, etc. (s,eQ effective);
. . .

efficient, successful, complete, thorough. Bacchus nurtured by a girl, and with the soft, delicate
the lai^est of the ancient Kussian cathedrals. limba of a woman, was the type of a disgraceful effemi-
A. J. C, Hare, Hussia, ix. effectually (e-fek'tu-al-i), adv. 1. In an effec- nacy. Lecky, Kationalism, I. 243.
The church of Sebenico is, both inside and out, not only tual manner; witii complete effect; so as to
But foul effeminacy held me yoked
a most remarkable, but a thoroughly effective building. produce or secure the end desired ; thoroughly Her bond slave. Milton, S. A., 1. 410.
£. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 93. as, the city is effectually guarded.
effeminatet (e-fem'i-nat), pret. and pp. ef-
v.
4. Actual real. [A Gallicism.]
;
The Poet with that same hand of delight, doth draw the
;

feminatcdy ppr. effeminating. [< L. effeminatusy

The Chinese, whose effective religion, practised much mind more effectually then any other Arte dooth.
cost and with great apparent sincerity, is now, as it has
at
Sir P. Sidney, Apol. for Poetrie. pp. of effeminare {yii. effemniinar€y effeminare =
been from the earliest times, ancestor-worship. I could see it [the story] visibly operate upon his coun- Sp. efeminar (obs.) =
Pg. effeminar Pr. efemi- =
Quarterly Rev., CLXII. 191. tenance, and effectually interrupt his harangue. nar =
F. €ffemincr)y make womanish, < ex, out,
Effective component of a force. See component. Ef- — Goldsmith, Citizen of the World, xxvi. + feminay a woman: Bee fe7ninine.] I, trans.
fective force. See /orce i.— Effective money, coin, in 2, Actually; in fact. [A Gallicism.] To make womanish ; unman; weaken.
contradistinction to depreciable paper money.— Effec-
tive scale of intercalations, i» math., the series of Although his charter can not be produced with the for- More resolute courages, then the Persians or Indians,
real roots of two functions of x written in order of mag- malities used at his creation, . yet that he was effec-
. . effeminated with wealth & peace, could alford,
tually Earle of Cambridge by the ensuing evidence doth Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 399.
nitude after repeated processes of removing pairs of roots
belonging, each pair, to either one function, so that the sufficiently appear. Fuller, Hist. Cambridge Univ., I. 21. And thou dost nourish him a lock of hair behind like a
roots of the two functions follow each other alternately. effeminating thy son even from the very cradle.
effectualness (e-fek'tu-al-nes), n. The quality girle,
Evelyn, Golden Book of Chrysostome.
=Syil. Effective, Effcient, EJicaciotis, Effectual, are not
altogether the same in meaning; all imply an object aimed
of being effectual. ^Syn. See effectiveness.
Thou art as hard to shake off as that flattering effemu
at, and generally a specific object. Effective and efficient effectuate (e-fek'tu-at), v. t. ; pret. and pp. nating Mischief, Love. Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii. 1,
are used chiefly where the object is physical. Effective is effectuated^ ppr. effectuating. [< ML. ^effectua-
applied to that which has the power to produce an effect = II. intrans. To grow womanish or weak; melt
tuSy pp. of *eff€ctuare (> It. effettuare Sp.
or some effect, or which actually produces or helps to pro- into weakness.
duce some effect as, the army numbered ten thousand efectuar =
Pg. effeetuar =
F. effectuery > D.
In a slothful peace, both courages will effe^ninate, and
=
:

effective men; the bombardment was not very effective; eff'ectueren G. effectuiren =
Dan. effeJctuere = manners corrupt.
effective revenue. Effective is most clearly separated from Sw. eff'€ktuera)f give effect to, < L. effectus (ef- Bacon, True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates (ed. 1887).
the others when representing the power to do, even when
fectu-)y effect : see effect, «.] To bring to pass F, eff&mine [= =
that power is not actually in use. Efficient seems the effeminate (e-fem'i-nat), a.
most active of these words a person is very efficient when
:
accomplish; achieve; effect. Pg. cffcminado =
It. effemminatOy effeminato, <
very helpful in producing desired results an efficient cause He found him a mostinstrument to effectuate his de-
; fit
L. effeminatusy pp. see the verb.]
: 1. Having
is one that actually produces a result. Effective and effi- sire. Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, ii.
cient may freely be applied to persons; the othera less of- the qualities of the female sex soft or delicate ;
Where such an unexpected face appears to an unmanly degree womanish applied to
ten. Efficacious is essentially only a stronger word for ; :
Of an amazed court, that gazinj( sat
efficient: as, an efficacious remedy; efficient would not be men.
appropriate with remeiiy, as implying too much of self-
With a dumb silence (seeming that it fears
The thing it went about f effectuate). The king, by his voluptuous life and mean marriage, be-
directed activity in the remedy. Effectual, with reference
Daniel, Civil Wars, vii. came effeminate and less sensible of honour. Bacon.
to a result, implies that it is decisive or complete an effec- ;

tual stop or cure finishes the business, rendering further In political history it frequently occurs that the man A woman impudent and mannish grown
work unnecessary. who accidentally has effectuated the purpose of a party Is not more loath'd than an effeminate man.
is immediately invested by them with all their favourite Shak., T. and C, iii. 3.
Precision is the most effective test of affected style as
virtues. /. D' Israeli, Curios, of Lit., III. 123.
1 have heard sometimes men of reputed ability join in
distinct from genuine style. A. Phelps, Eng. Style, p. 115.
The rarity of the visits of eMcient bees to this exotic
effectuation (e-fek-tfi-a'shon), n. [= Pg. ef- with that effeminate plaintive tone of invective against crit-
plant [PisumSativujn] is, I believe, the chief cause of the fectuai^ao = It. effet'tuazione ; as effectuate + icks. Sha/tesbury, Misc., III. I.

varieties so seldom intercrossing. -ion.'] The act of effectuating, bringing to pass, Be manly then, though mild, for, sure as fate.
Darwin, Cross and Self Fertilisation, p. 161. Thou art, my Stephen, too effeminate.
or producing a result. Crabbe, Works, V. 240.
That spirit, that first rush'd on thee The ghostly or spiritual effectuation of natural occur-
In the camp
of Dan, rences has ever been and is still the mode of interpreta- 2. Characterized by or resulting from effemi-
Be efficacious in thee now at need !
tion most readily seized upon by primitive thinking. nacy: as, a.n effeminate peSiGe ; an effeminate Mfe,
Milton, S. A., 1. 1437. Mind, IX. 368. Soldiers
To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual ways First of all, we nmst note the distinction of immanent Should not affect, methinks, strains so effeminate.
of preserving peace. action and transitive action ; the former is what we call Ford, Broken Heart, iii. 2.
Washington, Address to Congreas, Jan. 8, 1790. action simply, and implies only a single thing, the agent;
St. Womanlike; tender.
H. «. Milit, : (a) The number of men actu- the latter, which we might with advantage call effectua-
tion, implies two things, i. e., a patient distinct from tlie As well we know your tenderness of hearty
ally doing duty, or the strength of a company, And gentle, kind, effeminate remorse.
agent. J, Ward, Encyc. Brit., XX. 82.
a regiment, or an army, in the field or on parade. Shak., Rich. III., iii. 7.
effectuosef (e-fek'tu-os), a. [< L. as if *effec- = SyTl. Woinanish, etc. (see feminine), weak, unmanly.
By the last law which passed the Reichstag with such
tiiosus: see effectuous.'] BsiTne as effectuous.
difficulty the pe&ce-effective was increased Ijy about 42,000 effeminately (e-fem'i-nat-li), adv. In an effem-
men. Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XLIII. 17. effectuoust (e-fek'tu-us), a. [< OF. effectueuxy inate manner; womanishly; weakly.
(6) A soldier fit for duty. < L. as if *effectuosu-Sf < effectus {effcctu-), effect
see effect, n.] Having effect or force; forcible;
With golden pendants in his ears,
KeTerthelcss he assembled his army, 20,000 effectives. Aloft the silken reins he bears.
The Century, XXIX. 618. efficacious; effective. B. Jonson, Proud, and effeminately gay.
For the contempt of the Oospell, shall the wrath of God Fawkes, tr. of Anacreon's Odes, Ixix.
effectively (e-fek'tiv-li), adv. 1. With effect; suffer the Turke and the Pope with strong delusions and Effeminately vanquish'd by which means,
:

powerfully with real operation ; completely

;
effectuou^e errors to destroye many soulis and bodys. Now blind, dishearten 'd, shamed, dishonour'd, quell'd,
thoroughly. JoyBf Expos, of Daniel, xll. To what can I be useful? Milton, S. A., L 662.
 :
;: ; ;

ejfeminateness 1849 effigiate

effeminateness (e-fem'i-nat-nes), see effervesce.] Effervescing; having the prop- efficient (e-fish'ent), a. and n.
n. The state [= P. efficient
of being effeminate unmanly softness.
; erty of effervescence of a nature to effervesce. Pr. ejlcient ="Sp. ejiciente
; Pg. It. efficiente, = =
The indulgent softness of the parent's family is apt, at effervescible (ef-er-ves'i-bl), a. [< effervesce + < L. efficicn(t-)s, ppr. of efflcere, effect, accom-
best, to give young persons a most unhappy ejfeminattness. -ible.] Capable of effervescing. plish, etc.: see effect, v.] I. a. 1. Producing
Seeker, Works, I. i. outward nature
A small quantity of effervescible matter. Kirwan. effects; of a to produce a re-
effeminationt (e-fem-i-na'shon), n. [= F. ef- effervescive (ef-er-ves'iv), a. [< effen-esce + sult ; active causative. ;

femination = =
Pg. effemiiia^ao It. effeminazione, -ivc] Producing or tending to produce effer- If one flower is fertilised with pollen which is more effi-
< Lli. effeminatio(n-), < L. effeminare, pp. effemi- vescence: as, an effervescive force. Hickok. cient than that applied to the other flowers on the same
natus, make womanish see effeminate, r.] The
:
peduncle, the latter often drop off.
[Rare.] Darwin, Cross and Self Fertilisation, p. 399.
state of being or the act of making effeminate. effet (ef'et), «. dialectal form of eft^. A
But from this mixture of sexes degenerous efemi- 2. Acting or able to act with due effect ade- ;
. . .
effete (e-fef), a. [Formerly also effoete; < L.
nation. Sir T, Browne, Vulg. Err., viii. 17. quate in performance ; bringing to bear the
effetus, improp. effoetus, that has brought forth,
effeminizef (e-fem'i-niz), V. t. [As effemin-ate exhausted by bearing, worn out, effete, < ex, requisite knowledge, skill, and industry; ca-
+ To make effeminate. pable; competent: as, an efficient workman,
-icc] out, + fetus, that has brought forth: see fetus.]
Brave knights efeminized by sloth. director, or commander.
1. Past bearing; functionless, as a result of age
Sylcegter, tr. of Du Bartas. Every healthy and efficient mind passes a large part of
or exhaustion. life in the company most easy to him. Emerson, Clubs.
effendi (e-fen'di), n. [Turk, efendi, a gentle- It Is probable that the females as well of Ijeasts as
. .
Efficient cause, a cause which brings about something
.

man, a master (of servants), a patron, protec- birds have in them tlie seeds of all the young they . . .
external to itself distinguished from material &nA/ormat
tor, a prince of the blood (efendim, my master,'
:
will afterwards bring forth, wliich, ... all spent and ex-
'
cause by being external to that which it causes, and from
in address equiv. to E. sir), < NGr. a^t it;?^ (pron. hausted, . the animal becomes barren and effete.
. .
the end or filial cause in being tliat by which something
Ray, Works of Creation, i. is made or done, and not merely that for the sake of which
ftfen'des), a lord, master, a vernacular form of
Gr. (also NGr.) aiSivrr!^ (in NGr. pron. afthen'- Hence 2. Having the energies — worn out or it is made or done. The conception of efficient cause an-
tedates that of physical force in the scientific sense; and
des), an absolute master see authentic.'] Atitle
:
exhausted; become incapable of eflcient ac-
the latter finds no place in the Aristotelian division of
of respect given to gentlemen in Turkey, equiv- tion barren of results. ;
causes. But many writers of the eighteenth and nine-
alent to Mr. or sir, following the name when All that can l)e allowed him now is to refresh his de- teenth centuries extend the meaning of efficient cause to
crepit, effete sensuality with the history of his fonner life. inclutle forces. Other and inferior writers, since the Aris-
used with one. South, Sermons. totelian philosophy has ceased to form an essential part
1 assumed the polite and pliant manners of an Indian of a liberal education, use the phrase efficient cause in imi-
physician, and the dress of a small Efendi, still, however, If they find the old governments effete, worn out, . . .

they may seek new ones. tation of older writers, but without any distinct appre-
Burke.
representing myself to be a Denish. hension of its meaning, proliably in the sense of effectual
R. F. Burton, El-JIedinah, p. 62. Islamism . . as a proselyting religion .
. has long been , .
cause. (See the citation from Lecky,l)elow.) Efficient causes
practically effete. Quarterly Jien., CUCIII. 141.
Offerationt, ». [< LL- efferatio(n-), a making are traditionally divided into various classes : 1st, into ac-
wild or savage, < L. efferare, pp. efferatm, make worn out.
= Syn. 1. Unproductive, unfruitful, unprolific. 2. Spent, — tire and emanative: thus, fire is said to be the emanative
cause of its own heat and the active cause of heat in other
wild or savage, < efferus, very wild, fierce, sav- effeteness (e-fet'nes), n. The state of being bodies; 2d, \nUi immanent and transient: an immanent
age see efferoua.]
: A
making wild. Bailey, 1727. effete exhaustion ; barrenness.
;
cause brings about some modification of itself (it is, never-
theless, regarded as external, because it does not produce
e&rent (ef'e-rent), a. and ». [= F. efferent, < What would have been the result to mankind ... if ItselO ; 3d, lnto/re« and necessary ; 4th, into cause by itself
L. effereu(t-)'s, ppr. of efferre, ecferre, bring or the hope of the world's rejuvenescence had been met and cause by accident: thus, if a man in digging a well
carry out, < ex, out, +
ferre =
E. hear^^ I. a. solely i>y that effetenete of corruption (the old Roman finds a treasure, he is the cause per se of the well being
Conveying outward or away ; deferent as, the empire]? : Buckle, Civilization, I. 221. dug, and the cause by accident of the discovery of the trea-
efferent nerves, which convey a ner>'ous impulse efficacious (ef-i-ka'shus), a. [< OF. efficacietix, sure; 5th, into absolute and adjuvant, the latter being
again divided into pi-incipal and secondary, and secondai~y
from the ganglionic center outward to the mus- equiv. to efficace, F. efficace Pr. efficaci Sp. = = into procatarctical, proeijuwenal, and instrumental (the
cles or other active tissue. In the system of blood-ves- eficas Pg. efficaz =
It. efficace, < L. efficax {effi- = procatarctical extrinsically excites the principal cause to
els Uie arteries are the efferent vessels, conveying blood cac-), efficacious, < efficere, effect, accomplish, action, the proegnmenal intenmlly disposes the principal
from the heart to all parts of the body, while the reins cause to action) ; 6th, into first and second ; 7th, into uni-
are the afferent vessels, bringing blood to the heart. In
do : see effect, v.] Producing the desired effect versal and particular ; 8th, into vroxiviate and remote.
any gland or glandular system the vessel which takes up having power adequate to the purpose intend- Medical men follow Galen in dividing the efficient causes
—
and carries off a secretion is efferent. Efferent duct. ed; effectual in operation or result. of disease into predisposing, exciting, and determining.
Same as deferent earmf (which see, under de/erent). The niode which he adopted was at once prudent and Every politician knew that the Interference of the sov-
n. n. 1. Li anat. and physiol., a vessel or effleaeioue. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 82. erei^i during the debate in the House of Lords was tlie
nerve which conveys outward. 2. river — A
He knew his Rome, what wheels we set to work cause of the change of ministry,
efficient
flowing from and bearing away the waters of Plied influential folk, pressed to the ear Lecky, Eng. In 18th Cent., xv.
a lake. Of the effieaciout purple. = S3m. Efficacious, Effectual, etc.(6eeeffective); energetic,
Browninff, Ring and Book, I. 144. operative, active, ready, helpful.
efferoost (ef 'e-ms), a. [< L. effems, very wild,
fierce, savase, < ex (intensive) ferus, wild, +
sSyn. Efficient, Effectual, etc. (see effective); active, op- U. 1.
n. Anefficient cause (see above).
erative, energetic.
fierce: 8ee.^cc.] Very wild or savage; fierce; Gwl, which moveth mere natural agents as an efficient
efficadonsly (ef-i-ka'shus-li), adv. In an effi- only, doth otherwise move intellectual creatures, and es-
ferocious: as, an efferous beast.
cacious manner; effectually. pecially his holy angels. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, i. 4.
From the teeth of that efferma beast, from the tusk of Excepting God, nothing was before it and therefore it
It [torture] does so efflcaeiouely convince :
the wild boar. Bp. King, Vitis Palatina, p. 34.
That . out of eacn hundred cases, by my count, . . could have no efficient in nature.
effervesce (ef-6r-ves'), «. i. ;
pret. and pp. ef- Never 1 knew of patients beyond four Bacon, Physical Fables, viii., Expl.
fervesced, ppr. effervescing. [< L. efferveteerc, Withstand Its taste. Browning, Ring and Book, II. 74. O, but^ say such, had not a woman been the tempter
boil up, foam up, < ex, out, +
ferveseere, begin efficaciousness (ef-i-ka'shus-nes), n. The qual- and efficient to our fall, we had not needed a redemption.

to boil, (.fenere, boil: see^errCTit.l 1. To be ity of being efficacious; efficacy. Ford, Honour Triumphant, i.

in a state of natural ebullition, like liquor when The effleaeioueneet of these means is sufficiently known Some are without efficient, as God.
Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, i. 14.
gently boiling ; bubble and hiss, as fermenting and acknowledged. Ootdimitk, The Bee, No. 5.
qnors or any fluid when some part escapes in efficacy (ef 'i-ka-si), n, [= P. efficace Pr. effi- = 2. One who is efficient or qualified ; specifically,
a gaseous form ; work, as new wine. cacia = Sp. eficacia = Pg. It. efficacia, < L. cf- in the volunteer service of Great Britain, one
The compound spirit of nitre, put to oil of cloves, will ficacia, efficacy, < efficax, efficacious: see effica-
who has attended the requisite number of drills,
effervesce, even to a flame. Mead, Poisons. cious.] The quality of being efficacious or ef- and in respect of whom the corps receives the
2. Figuratively, to show signs of excitement fectual ; production of, or the capacity of pro- capitation grant paid by government. 3. In —
exhibit feelings which cannot be suppressed ducing, tne effect intended or desired; effec- math., a quantity multiplied by another quan-
as, to efftrvetee with joy. tiveness. tity to produce the quantity of which it is said
Have I proved . . . This hath ever made roe suspect the eMcacy of relics.
to be em efficient; afactor. — Extra efficient, a com-
That Revelation old and new admits Sir r. Brovme, ReUgio Medici, L 28. missioned oftlcer or sergeant of volunteei-s in tlie British
The natural man may efferveece in ire, aniiy who has obtained an official certificate of competency.
Itanetary motions, and aspects. Extra efficients earn an extra grant for their company.
O'erflood earth, o'erfroui lieaven with foamy rage,
In sextile, square, and trine, and opposite.
At tlw first punctnre to his self-respect? Of noxious effleacy. Milton, P. L., x. 600.
efficiently (e-fish'ent-li), adv. In an efficient
Browning, Sing and Book, II. 86. manner; effectiveV-
Even were Gray's claims to being a great poet rejected,
Effervescing draught See dri^i. God, when He Is stiled Father, must always be under-
he can hardly lie classed with the many, so great and uni-
effervescence, eSerTeMeiU7 (ef-fer-ves'ens, stood to be a true and proper cause, really and efficiently
form are the efficacy of his phrase and the music to whieh
-en-Mi;, ". [= ffferveseenee
1'. =
8p. eferveicen- be sets it. Lowell, New Princeton Rev., I. 177. giving life. Clarke, The Trinity, ii. § 13, note.
= =
aa Pg. effertescencia It. efferveseema, < L. = 8yn. Efficiency, etc. (see e/<e«wne<t); virtue, force, en. effictiont, n. [< L. effictio(n-), a representation
efferve»cen(t-)s,fVT.: see effervescent.'] 1. Nat- ergy.
(in rhet.) of corporal peculiarities, < effingere,
ural ebullition ; that commotion of a fluid whieh efficiencet (e-fish'ens), n. Same as efficiency. pp. effictus, form, fashion, represent: see effiqy.]
takes place when some part of the mass Hies efficiency (e-fish'en-si), n. [= Sp. efirienda fashioning; a representation. Bailey, 1727. = A
off in a gaseous form, producing small bubbles I'g. cfficiencia ft. efficienza, < L. efficientia, ef- =
effiercet (e-fers'), v. t. [< ef- fierce, after L. +
as, the effervescence or working of new wine, ficiency, < efficien(t-)s, efficient: see efficioit.]
efferare, make fierce, < efferus, very fierce see :

cider, or beer; the effervescence of a carbonate The quality of being efficient effectual agency efferous.] To make fierce or furious.
;

with nitric acid, in consequence of chemical competent power; the quality or power of pro- With fell woodness he effierced was,
action and decomposition producing carbon ducing desired or intended effects. And wilfully him throwing on the gras
dioxid or carbonic-acid gas. —
2. Figuratively, The manner of this divine effieienctj being far above us.
Hoi'ker, Eccles. Polity.
Did beat and bounse his head and Iirest ful sore.
Spenser, F. Q., III. xi. 27.
strong excitement manifestation of feeling.
;

The wild gas, the fixed air, is plainly broke loose but Truth is properly no more than Contemplation and her effigial (e-fij'i-al), a. [< F. effipial; as effigy
;
:
utmost efficiency is but teaching.
we ought to suspend our Judgment until the flrst effer- Milton, Eikonoklastes, xxvili.
+ -al.] Pertaining to or exhibiting an effigy.
xeeettut is a little sulisided. Burke, Rev. in France. [Rare.]
We postpone our literary work until we have more ripe- Causes which should carry in their mere statement evi.
ness and skill to write, and we one day discover that our dence of their efficiency. J. S. Mill, Logic, III. v. 0. The three volumes contain chiefly effigial cuts and monu.
literary talent was a youthful efferveecenee which we have Sneciflcally — (a). The state of being able or competent; mental figures and inscriptions.
Critical Hist, of Pamphlets.
!M>w lost. Emerton, Old Age. the state of possessing or having acquired adequate know-
= 83m. See e>/ulliliim. ledge or sknl in any art, profeHsion, or duty as, by i>ft- effigiate (e-fij'i-at), v. t. ; pret. and pp. effigi-
;

tlent perseverance he has attained a high degree of effi-

efferrescent (ef-tr-ves'ent), a. [= P. efferves- ulrd, ppr. efflgiating. [< LL. effigiatns, pp. of
(6) In inech., tlie ratio of the useful work per-
cent = Hp. efervescente = Pg. It. effervescente < ,
ciency.
forroed by a prime motor to the energy expended. £=8yn. effigiare ( > tt. effigiare Pr. efigiar F. effigier), = —
L. effervescen(t-)s, ppr. of effervescere, boU up: KJfiaacy, et& See tfftcli<xnut. form, fashion, < effigies, an image, likeness: see
 : ; ! ! ! ; '

effigiate 1860 effcete

effigy.] To make into an effigy of something; The Italian [Gothic

architecture] tfiaretceA . . .into the A number of specimens of waste liquors from factories,
form into a like figure. [Rare.] meaningless ornamentation of the Certosa of Pavia and with the residual matters piessed into cakes, and also of
the cathedral of Como. Ruitkin. the purified effluents, are exhibited.
He who means win souls
to nmst, as St Paul did,
. . . Sci. Amer. Supp., No. 446.
sMmaie and conform himself to those circumstances of 2. To present an appearance of flowering or
llvmg and discourse by which he may prevail. bursting into bloom specifically, to become ; 2. Specifically, in geog., a stream that flows out
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 754. covered with an efflorescence become inerust- ;
of another stream or out of a lake : as, the At-
efigiation (e-fij-i-a'shon), n. [< effigiate + -ion.'] ed with crystals of salt or the like. chafalaya is an effluent of the Mississippi river.
1. The act of fonniug in resemblance. Bailey, The walls of limestone caverns sometimes efioresce with
— 3. In math., a covariaut of a quantic of de-
1727. [Hare.] — 2.That which is formed in re- nitrate of lime in coiisetinence of the action of nitric aci<l
formed in the atmosphere. Dana.
gree mn in i variables, the covariant being of
m
degree and in ^ variables, where j; is the num-
semblance ; an image or effigy. [Bare.]
3. In cliem., to change either throughout or ber of permutations that can be obtained by
So such efigiation was therein discovered, which some
nineteen weeks after became visible. over the surface to a whitish, mealy, or crys- dividing n into i parts. Sylvester, 1853.
Ftdler, Ch. Hist., X. ii. 53. talline powder, from a gradual decomposition, effluvia, ». Plural of effluvium.
effigies (e-fij'i-ez), «. [L. : see effigy.] An ef- on simple exposiu-e to the air; become covered effluviable (e-flo'vi-a-bl), a. [< effluvium -t-
figy- with a whitish crust or light crystallization, in -ahlc] Capable of being given off in the form
This same Dagoberts monument I saw tiiere, and under the form of short threads or spicule, from a of effluvium. [Bare.]
his Sfigies this Epitaph. Conjat, Crudities, I. 46. slow chemical change between some of the in- The great rapidness with which the wheels that serve
We behold the species of eloquence in our minds, the gredients of the matter covered and an acid to cut and polish diamonds must be moved does excite a
image of which we seek in the organs of
tfigifs or actual great degree of heat ... in the stone, and by that and the
proceeding commonly from an external source. strong concussion it makes of its parts, may force it to
our hearing. Dryden, tr. of Dufresnoy's Art of Painting.
As the surface [of a puddle of water] dries, the capillary spend its effluviable matter, if I may call it so.
effigurate (e-fig'u-rat), a. [< L. ex, out, + figu- action draws the moisture up pieces of broken earth, dead Boyle, Works, IV. 354.
ratus, pp. of figurare, figure, (.figura, a figure : sticks, and tufts of grass, where the salt efioreaces.
effluvial (e-fla'vi-al), a.
Darwin, Geol. Observations, ii. 307. [< effluvium -t- -al.]
see figurate.] In Portaiuing to effluvia ; containing effluvia.
hot.,having a defi- efflorescence (ef-lo-res'ens), n. [= F. efflores- effluviate (e-flo'vi-at), v. i. pret. and
pp. efflu-
nite form or figure cence =
Sp. efloreccncid Pg. efflorescencia =
viated, ppr. effluviating.
=
[< effluvium + -ate^.]
;

applied to lichens: It. efflorescema, < L. efflorescen(t-)s, ppr. see

To throw off effluvium. [Rare.]
:

opposed to effuse. efflorescent.] 1. The act of efflorescing or blos-

What an eminent physician, who was skilled in per-
effigy (ef'i-ji), n.; soming out; also, an aggregation of blossoms, fumes, aflflraied to me about the durableness of an efflu-
pi. effigies (-jiz). or an appearance resembling or suggesting a viating power. Boyle, Works, V. 47.
"
[Formerly also effi- mass of flowers. effluvium
(e-flo'vi-um), n. pi. effluvia (-a). [=
;
gie, and, as L., effi^ As the sky is supposed to scatter its golden star-pollen F. effluve =
Sp. efluvio =
Pg. It. effluvio, i L. ef-
gies; = F. effi^ie = once every year in meteoric showers, so the dome of St.
fluvium, a flowing out, an outlet, < effluere, flow
Sp. efigie = Pg. It.
'
Peter's has its annual efflorescence of fire.
Lowell, Fireside Travels, p. 299. out: see effluent/] A
subtle or invisible ex-
effigie, < L. effigies, halation ; an emanation especially applied to
:

a copy or 2. In hot., the time or state of flowering; an-

effigia,
imitation of an ob- thesis. —
3. In med., a redness of the skin; a
noxious or disagreeable exhalations as, the ef-
fluvia from diseased bodies or putrefying ani-
:

ject, an image, like-

ness, < effingere, pp.
effictits, form, fash-
ion, represent, < ex,
out, +fingere (Jig-),
form: aee feign, fic-
A represen-
tion.]
tation or imitation Effigy.— Brass
of any object, in
Norfolk, England.
rash ; eruption, as in measles, smallpox, scar-
latina, etc. —
4. In cAcJB. the formation of small ,
mal or vegetable substances.
Besides its electrick attraction, which is made by a sul-
white threads or spiculre, resembling the sub-
phureous effluvium, it will strike fire upon percussion.
limated matter called flowers, on the surface of Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., ii. 1.
Vjhic r
- certain bodies, as salts, or on the surface of
cui Pbrt ifcunflU Mf f. ... ^ ^^ efflux (ef'luks), n. [= Sp. (obs.) eflujo = It.
bin QiiMraoa-^aaT'Ierticiri^ifD^Hn any permeable body or substance the incrus- ;
efflusso, < L. as if *efflttxus, n., < effluere, pp.
tation so formed.
effluxus, flow out: see effluent.] 1. The act or
in West Lynn Church, efflorescency (ef-lo-res'en-si), n. 1. The state
state of flowing out or issuing in a stream ; effu-
or condition of being efiorescent. 2t. An ef-
sion ; effluence ; flow
— as, an efflux of matter :

whole or in part ; an image or a representation florescence. from an ulcer. The rate of efflux of a fluid is roughly
of a person, whether of the whole figure, the Two white, sparry incrustations, with efflorescencies in calculated by Torricelli's theorem, that the velocity at the
form of shrubs, formed by the trickling of water. orifice is the same as if each particle had fallen freely
bust, or the head alone a likeness in sculpture,
;
Woodward, Fossils.
painting, or di-awing a portrait most fre-
; :
from the level of the fiuid in the vessel. But, owing to the
converging motion, the area of the orifice is greater than
quently applied to the figures on sepulchral efflorescent (ef-lo-res'ent), a. [= F. efflorescen t
monuments, and popularly to figures made up Sp. eflorecienie =
Pg. It. efflorescen te, < L. = the section of the stream, while the pressure is increased,
so that the efflux is less than the amount given by Torrl-
of stuffed clothing, etc., to represent obnoxious efflnrescen{t-)s, ppr. of efflorescere,
blossom: see celli's theorem.
persons. effloresce.] 1. Blooming; being in flower. 2. — It isno wonder, if God can torment where we see so
A choice library, over which are the efigies of most of Apt to effloresce subject to
efflorescence as, ; : tormentor, and comfort where we behold no comforter
our late men of polite literature. an efflorescent salt. 3. Covered or incrusted — he can do it by immediate emanations from himself, by
continual effluxes of those powers and virtues which he
Evelyn, Diary, Nov. 21, 1644. with efflorescence. was pleased to implant in a weaker and fainter measure
The abbey church of St. Denis possesses the largest col- Yellow efflorescent sparry incrustations on stone. in created agents. South, Works, VIII. xiv.
lection of French 13th-century monumental efigieg. Woodward, Fossils.
Eiicyc. Brit, XXI. 563. 2. That which flows out ; an emanation, effu-
efflower (e-flou'er), V. t. [An erroneous accom. sion, or effluence.
A chair of state was placed on it, and in this was seated an
efiyy of King Henry, clad in sable robes and adorned with
(as if < ef- +
flower) of F. effleurer, graze, touch, Prime cheerer, Light
^l the insignia of royalty. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., i. 3. touch upon, strip the leaves off, < ef- for es- (< Of all material beings,first and best

To bum or hang In efflgy, to bum or hang an Image or L. ex), out, +

fleur (in the phrase Afleur de, on Efflux divine Thomson, Summer, I. 92.

a picture of (a person), eitlier as a substitute for actual a level with), < G. flur, plain, E. floor.] In = Whatever talents may be, if the man create not, the
burning or hanging (formerly practised by judicial author- leather-manuf., to remove the outer surface of pure efflux of the Deity is not his ; cinders and smoke
ities as a vicarious punishment of a condemned person there may be, but not yet flame. Emerson, Misc., p. 78.
(a skin). See the extract.
who had escaped their jurisdiction), or, as at the present BeryIlus(who was a precursor of Apollinarianism) taught
time, as an expression of dislike, hatred, or contempt: a The skins [chamois-leather] are first washed, limed, that in the Person of Christ, after His nativity as Man,
mode in which public antipathy or indignation is often fleeced, and branned. They are next ej?iou'ered that
. . . — tlierewas a certain efflux of the divine essence, so that He
manifested. is, deprived of their epidermis by a concave knife, blunt
—
upon the convex horsebeam. had no reasonable human soul.
in its middle part
This night the youths of the Citty humt the Pope in Bp. Chr. Wordsioorth, Church Hist., 1. 291.
Ure, Diet., III. 87.
efigie. Evelyn, Diary, Nov. 5, 1673.
Sp. effluxt
(e-fluks'), v. i. [< L. effluxus, pp.: see =
[< L. effiagita-
effluence (ef'l^ens), n. [= F. effluence
Pg. efflueneia, < NL. *effluentia, < L. the noun.] To flow out or away.
efflagitatet (e-flaj'i-tat), v. t.
tus, pp. of effiagitare, demand urgently, < ex
eflueneia =
flowing out: see effluent.] 1. The Five years being effluxed, he took out the tree and
(intensive) -I- flagitare, demand.] To demand effltien{t-)s,
earnestly. Coles, 1717.
act of flowing out; outflow; emanation. 2.
weighed it. Boyle, Works, I. 496.

[= F. effluxion Sp.
— =
That which issues or flows out; an efflux; an effluxion (e-fluk'shon), n.
efflate (e-flaf), v. t. pret. and pp. efflated, ppr.
; (obs.) eflujion, < L. as if *effluxio(n-) (ML. also
emanation.
effi,ating. [< L. efflattcs, pp. of efflare, blow or sometimes spelled effluctio), < effluere, pp. efflux-
breathe out, < ex, out, -1- flare E. blow^.] To =
Bright efflitence of bright essence increate.
Milton, P. L., iii. 6. us, &ow out: see efflux.] 1. The act of flowing
fill with breath or air inflate.
; [Rare.]
Our common spirits, efiafed by every vulgar breath
From this bright Effluence of his Deed out. 2. That which flows out an emanation. — ;

They borrow that reflected Light [Rare.]

upon every act, deify themselves. With which the lasting Lamp they feed.
Sir T. Herbert, Travels in Africa, p. 179. There are some light effluxions from spirit to spirit, when
I'rior, Carmen Seculare (1700), st. 35.
men are one with another as from body to body. Bacon. ;

efflation (e-fla'shon), TO. [= OF. efflation, < L. And, as if the gloom of the earth and sky had been but The effluxions penetrate all bodies, and like the species
as if 'efflatio{n-),' <. efflare, pp. efflatus, blow or the effluence of these two mortal hearts, it vanished with of visible objects are ever ready in the medium, and lay
sorrow. Hawtho}iie, Scarlet Letter, xviii.
breathe out: aee efflate.] The act of breathing their hold on all bodies proportionate or capable of their action.
out or puffing ; a puff, as of wind. Grant that an unnamed virtue or delicate vital efiiwnce Sir T, Browne, Concerning the Loadstone.
is always ascending from the earth.
A soft efiation of celestial lire 1**6 Atlantic, LVIII. 428. effodient (e-fo'di-ent), a. [< L. effodien{t-)s,
Came, like a rushing breeze, and
shook the lyre. ppr. of effodire, ecfodire, dig out, dig up, < ex,
Pamell, Gift of Poetry. effluency (ef 'lij-en-si), n. Same as effluence.
out, -t-/o(ij><;, dig: see fossil.] In ^ooY., habitu-
effleurage (e-fl6-razh'), n. [P., grazing, touch-
effluent (ef'lo-ent), a. and n. [= F. effluent ally digging ; f ossorial ; f odient.
=
ing, < effletirer, graze, touch : see efflower.]
Sp. efluente tg. effluentc, <L. effluen(t-)s, ppr. =
Effodientia (e-fo-di-en'shi-a), n. pi. [NL.,
of effluere, flow out, < ex, out, -t- fluere, flow: see
Gentle superficial rubbing (of a patient) with neut. pi. of L. effodien{t-)s, digging: see effo-
Cf. affluent, influent, refluent, etc.]
the palm of the hand. fluent.
a. Flowing out ; emanating.
I.
dient.] division of edentate mammals, in- A
effloresce (ef-lo-res'), v. i.; pret. and pp. efflo- cluding insectivorous forms, most of which are
Dazzling the brightness not the sun so bright,
resced, ppr. effiorescing. [= 8p. eflorecer, < L. 'Twas here the pure substantial fount of light
effodient or fossorial, as the armadillos, ant-
;

efflorescere, inceptive form (later in simple form, Shot from his hand and side in golden streams. eaters, aardvarks, and pangolins : a term now
ill. efflorere), blossom, < ex (intensive) -i-florere, Came forward effluent homy-pointed beams. superseded by Fodientia, and restricted to the
blossom, flower, <flos(flor-), a flower: see flow- Pamell, Gift of Poetry. African fossorial ant-eaters, as the aardvarks.
er.] 1. To burst into bloom, as a plant. II. n. 1. That which flows out or issues forth. effoetet, a. An obsolete spelling of effete.
 ; :

effoliation 1S51 effusive

effoliation (e-fo-li-a'shou), II. [\&r. of exfolia- out) +

franehir, free: see franchise. Cf. af- effumablet (e-fu'ma-bl), «. l< effume -able.] +
tion.^ In hot., the removal or fall of the foliage fraiicliise.] To invest with franchises or privi Capable of flying off in fumes or vapor volatile. ;

of a plant. leges. [Kare.] effumet (e-fiim'), v. t. [< F. eff'umer, < L. effu-

[< P. effrayer, frighten: iiiaie, emit smoke or vapor, < ex, out, -t- fumare,
efforcet (e-fors'), v. t. [< F. efforcer, endeavor, effirayt (t-fra'), v. t.
strive, =
Pr. esforsar =
Sp. e8for:ar Pg. e«- see affray (of which effray is a doublet) and smoke, steam,</M»iMS, smoke, vapor see/«me.]
= :

for^r, force, also endeavor, =

It. sforzare, afraia.1 Same as affray. To breathe or puff out ; emit, as steam or vapor.
I can make this dog take as many whllfes as I list, and
force, refl. endeavor, < ML. effortiare, efforeiare, Their dam upstart, out of her den efraide,
.\iul rustled forth. Speneer, F. Q., I. i. 16. lie shall retain or effume them, at my pleasure.
exforciare, force, compel, efforciari, endeavor, B. Jonsott, Every Man out of his Humour, iii. 1.
< L. ex, out, off, +
fortis, strong: see forced. efErayablet (e-fra'a-bl), a. [< effray -able.} +
Cf . afforce, deforce.'^ To force ; violate. Frightful; dreadful. Harvey. efftmdt (e-fund'), V. t. [< L. effundere, pour out:
[F., ppr. of effrayer, see effuse.] To pour out.
Barnt his beastly heart t' efforce her chastity. eflErayant (e-fra'ant), a.
Spenser, F. Q. frighten: see effray and -a«A.] Frightful; Olyves nowe that oute of helthes dwelle
Oyldregges salt effunde uppon the roote.
alarming.
efforcedt, a- [< efforce +
-eeP.'\ Forceful; im- Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 108.
The frontal sinus, or the projection over the eyebrows, If he his life efund
perative.
is largely developed [iu the microcephalous idiotl, and To utmost death, the high God hath design'd
Againe he heard a more efarced voyce, the jaws are prognathous to an effrayant degree. That we both live. Vr, H. More, Psychozoia, ii. 146.
That l>ad him come in haste. Daricin, Descent of Man, I. 117.
Speneer, F. Q., 11. viii. 4. effuse (e-fiiz'), V. t. ; pret. and pp. effused, ppr.
effray^ (e-fra-ya'), o. [P., pp. of effrayer,
effusing. [< L. effusm, pp. of effundere, ecfun-
efformt (e-f6rm'), V. t. [= It. efformare, < L. ex, frighten: see effray.] In %er., same as ram-
out, + farnuire, form.] To fashion; shape; ptnit. dere, pour forth, < ex, forth, fundere, pour: +
form. L.
see/wsc] To pour out, as a fluid ; spill; shed.
effrenationt (ef-re-na'shgn), «. [< effrena-
Smooke of encense efrne in drie oxe dounge
Mercifnl and gracious, thou gavest us being, raised us tio{n-), < effrenare, pp. effrenatus, unbridle, < ex,
. eforming us alter thy own imase.
Doo under hem, to hele hem and socoure.
from nothing, . .
out,
Jer. Taylor.
+
frcnare, bridle, (.frenum, a bridle.] Un- Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 138.
bridled rashness or license unruliness. Glos- ;
Whose maiden blood, thus rigorously effvji'd.
efformationt (ef-6r-ma'8hon),
^

The act of giving

n. .,..-_
shape
[< efform
or form;
+
sographia Aug., 1707. Will cry for vengeance at the gates of heaven.
Shak., 1 Hen. VI., v. 4.
-atiuii.] effirontt (e-frunf), f. t. [< LL.e^r<m(<-)s,bare
formation faoed, shameless, < L. ex, out, +fron{t-)s, front, Why to a man enamour'd,
That at her feet effvms all his soul,
Pretending to give an account of the production and forehead: see/rowf and n_^ron<.] To treat with Must woman cold appear, false to herself and him?
efformation of the univerae. Ray, Works of Creation, i. effrontery. .S'tr T. Browne. Steele, Lying Lover, v. 1.

effort (ef'ort or -*rt), ». [< P. effort, OP. ef- effrontedt (e-frun'ted), a. [Also effrontit (prop.
effuse (e-fils'), [= OF. effus Sp. efuso« = =
fort, esfort = Pr. esfort =
Sp. esfuerzo =
Pg. Sc); =: F. effronte Pr. =
esfrontat It. sfron- =
It. effuso, < L. effusus, pp. see the verb.] If. :

esforip = It. sforzo, an effort ; verbal n. of the tnto, < L. as if 'effrontatus), < LL. effron(t-)s, Poured out freely; profuse.
verb (ML. effortiare) represented by effort, v., shameless: see effront.] Characterized by or 'Tis pride, or emptiness, applies the straw.
and efforce: see effort, r., and efforce.] 1. Vol- indicating effrontery brazen-faced. ;
That tickles little minds to mirth effuse.
untary exertion a; putting forth of the will, Th" efronted whore prophetically showne Yomv], Night Thoughts, viii.
liy Holy John in his mysterious scrouls.
consciously directed toward the performance 2. In bot. : (o) Very loosely spreading, as a pani-
Stirling, Doomesday, The Second Houre.
of any action, external or internal, and usually cle, etc. (6) In lichenohgy, spread out without
prepared by a psychological act of "gathering effrontery (e- frun'tfer-i), n. [< OF. effronterie definite form or figure: opposed to effigurate.
the strength " or coordination of the powers. (J" effronteru !ffrontene), < effronte.
•
shameless, < LL. ef- —
3. In zoiil.: (a) In conch., applied to shells
A voluntary action, not requiring such preparation, is, fron{t-)s,' " ' ""barefaced, shameless: see effront.] where the aperture is not whole behind, but
both iu the terminology of psychology and In ordinary Assurance ; shamelessness sauciness impu- the lips are separated by a gap or groove. (6)
; ;

language, aaid to be performed without «/art. dence or boldness in transgressing the bounds In entom., loosely joined; composed of parts
It li more even by the efort and tension of mind re* of modesty, propriety, duty, etc. : as, the effron- which are almost separated from one another:
quired, than by the mere loss of time, that moat readers
tery of vice ; their corrupt practices were pur- oj)posed to compact or eoarctate.
are repelled from the habit of carefnl reading.
De Quineey, Style, L sued with bold effrontery. effiiuet (e-fus'), "• [_< effuse, v.] Effusion; out-
We could never listen for a quarter of an hour to the farA less touch of audacity, altogether short of efrontery, and pouring; loss; waste.
approaching to vulgarity, gave as i£were a wild
speaking of Sir James, without feeling that there was a And umch effuse of blood doth make me faint.
nna to all that ihe did. Scott, The Abbot, iv.
constant e/ort, a tug up hill. Sliak., 3 Hen. VI., ii. «.
Maeaulay, Sir James Mackintosh. m a little surprised at the easy e^onfery with «. j
I am not
in and out of Congreas,
,
take it ettUSlOll (e-tu znon; n.
f,-,/-i,„ni ,, r_
l_ y effuMon
r. ejjusxon Sd
op. —
—
litical gentlemen,
„
3. The result of exertion something
; done by SoL. ,
em to say that there are not a thousand men in efusion
.

Pg. effusdo =
It. effitsione, < L. effu- =
voluntary exertion ; speciflcally, a literary, ora- the .North who sympathize with John Brown. sio(n-), < effundere, pp. effiisus, pour out: see
Einerson, John Brown.
torical, or artistic work.
In your more serious eforU, he says, your bombast =ZYn,
dacity,
l'Hi>ertu * '
•-^"f<'n<rff): hardihood, au-
effuse.] 1. The act of pouring out, literally
or figuratively; a shedding forth; an outpour:
would Iw less intolerable if the thought* were ever suiud s,-,- li--
as, tTie effu.tion of water, of blood, of grace, of
to the expression. Shertdan, The Critic, i. 1. effirontuouslyt -\i),adv. i<*effron-
words, etc.
tiious (ct.OV cffi vutcux) (irreg.< LL. f#ron( f-)«,
3. In mech., a force upon a body due to a defi-
.

When there was but as yet one only family in the world,
nite cause. Thus, a heavy l)ody on an inclined plane
sliamele8.s, +
-ii-ous) +
-ly^.] With effrontery
no means of instruction, human or divine, could prevent
Also, the ef- impudently. effusion of Iduod. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, i. la
is said to liave an efort to fall vtrtically.
fective component of a force. — Center of SffOSl, 8e« He moat effrontuoualy affirms the slander. The most pitifull Historic of their Martyrdome, I
. . .

c^fif^ri. — Effort of nature (a phrase introduced by

, . Syd-
. /Io!7er iVortA, Eiamen, p. 23. have often perused not without effusion of tears.
cnhanD.tlieconcnrrenceofphyslologlcalprocesaestandlng ./«l,i,__«.- /„ «„i<ir-s*\ /, r< VT. Coryat, Crudities, I. 64.
(e-ful toat), rt. HL.. "riftilt^ntui
eJJUlcratUK,
toward the expuUion of morbiflcmatur from the system. e?Hlcrate [_<.
under the times of the Gospel
- Hean effort, a constant force which applied to a pai < L. ex, out, +
fulcrum, a support.] In bot., Tlie effusion of the Spirit
by which we mean those extraordinary gifts and abilities
tide taogentlaliy to it* trajectory would pri»liii'e the >anic not subtended by a leaf or bract : said of a bud which the Apostles had after the Holy Ghost is said to de-
total work as a given variable force.- Sense of effort, from below which the leaf has fallen. scend upon them. Stillingfleet. Sermons, I. ix.
the teelliig which accompanies an exertion of tlic will, by
It effolge (e-fulj'), e.;
pret. and pp. eff'ulged, npr. 2. That which is poured out; a fluid, or figura-
wliich we an made aware of having put forth force.
la held by some payclwlogiito to accompany all sensations. effuTging. [< L. effiilgere, shine forth, < ex, tively an influence of any kind, shed abroad.
since, as they say, all sensation produces an immediate forth, +
fulgere, shine : see fulgent.] I. tram. Wash me with that precious effusion, and I shall lie
rt- action of the will. -Syn. Attempt, trial, essay, stmffile.
To cause to shine forth; radiate; beam. [Kare.] whiter than snow. Eikon Basilike.
effortt (ef'ort or -6rt), r. t. [< ML. effortiare,
streiigthen(cf. conforlare, strengthen: seeeom-
Firm as his cause
His bolder heart . . .
Specifically — 3. An outpour of thought in writ-
ing or speech; a literary effort, especially in
;

fort, v.). also compel, force: see effort, n His eyes effulging a peculiar Ore.
which the verb conforms, Cf. efforce.] To Thomson, Britannia. verse : as, a poetical effusion : commonly used
in disparagement.
strengthen; reinforce. n. inlrans. To send forth a flood of light; Two or three of his shorter effusions, indeed, . . . have
Ills spirits with the remembrance and rela-
He efforted shine with splendor. a npirit that would make them amusing anywhere.
ofwhat formerly he had been and what he bad done. efltllgence (e-fii!'jens), «.
tion [= Sp. efulgencia, < Tieknor, Span. Lit., I. 345.
Fuller, Worthies, Cheshire.
L. effulgen{t-)s, ppr. see effulgent.] shining : A 4. In pathol., the escape of a fluid from the
effortless (ef'6rt-les or -*rt-les), a. [< effort forth, as of light; great luster or brightness;
vessels containing it into a cavity, into the sur-
+ -lf;i8.] Making no effort. splendor as, the effulgence of divine glory.
:
rounding tissues, or on a free surface as, the :

Were
But idly to remain
yielding effortless, and waiting death.
So breaks on the traveller, faint and astray,
The bright and the balmy effutnence of morn.
effusion of lymph. —5. [ML. eff'usio{n-), tr. of Gr.
Southdty, Thalaba, iv. Beattte, The Hermit. piiaic.] That part of the constellation Aquari-
To glow with the effulgence of Christian truth. us (which see) included within the stream of
effossicn (e-fosh'on), n. [< LL. effosgio(n-), a
Sumner, Hon. John Pickering. water. It contains the star Fomalhaut, now lo-
(liKs^iiH out, < L. "effodire, pp. effomus, dig out:
Hou effodient."^ The act of digging out of the -Syn. BrilUnnee, Luster, etc. &ee radiance. cated in the Southern Fish —
Effusion of gases. In
rhem., the escape of ga.ses through minute apertures into a
earth; exfodiation. [Bare.] effulgent (e-ful'jent), a. [< L. effulgen(t-)s.
vacuum. In his cxperinientJ! to determine the lute of elfu-
ppr. of effulgere', shine forth: see effulge.] alon of liases, (Jrahaiii iwcd thin ahcet« of metal or glass, per-
He ... set apart annual niiiui tor the recovery of
shining; bright; splendid; diffusing a flood forated with minute apertures .086 millimeter or .003 inch
manuscripts, the effossions of coins, and the ravcuring of
mnmroiea. Mmiimu Seribltrus, I. of light. in diameter The rates of effusion coincided so nearly
The downward sun with the rates of diffusion as to lead to the conclusion that
efl^acture (e-frak'tur), n. [< LL. effractura, a lx>ok8 out effuiijent from amid the flash iHith phenomena follow the same law, and therefore the
lirciikiin; (only in ref. to housebr<'aking), < ef- Of broken clouds. Thomson, .Spring. rates of clfnsion are Inversely as the s<iuare roots of the
lensities of the gases.
fnng<:rc, pp. cffractwi. break, break open, < rx. effulgeutly (e-ful'jent-li), adr. In an effulgent
+ gS^l^e-fii'sivj, a [< L. as if 'effusivus, <
out, frangere, break: nee fraction, fracture.] [ili'iiilid manner,
effundere, pp. effiisus, pour out: see effuse.] 1.
In nurg., a fracture of the cranium with depres- effumabilityt (e-fu-ma-biri-ti), n. [< effuma- ("ouringout; flowing forth prof usely as, e^M- :
!<ion of the broken bone. hlr: see -hilily.] Tfie quality of flying off in
sioe speech.
effranchise (e-fran'ehiz), r. (.; pret. and pp. fumes of vapor, or of being volatile. Th* effusive south
cffranrliLied. ppr. effranchixtng. [< OF. effran- Paracelsus . seems to deflne mercury by volatility,
. . Warms the wide air. and o'er the void of heaven
(tims-, rsfranrhiKS-. stem of certain parts of ef- or (If I nuiy coin such a word) effumabilUy. Breathes the big clouds with vernal showers distent.
L. ex, Boyh, Works, I. 639. Thomson, Spring, I. 144.
francker, esfrancher. affranchise, < es- (<
 ! ;

effusive 1852 egg

Hence — 2. Making an extravagant or nndue 6galit6 (a-gal-e-ta'), "• [F-] Equality. This by gemmation or division), in which, by im-
exhiljition of feeling. wiird is familiar in the French revolutionary phrase lilier- pregnation, the development of the fetus takes
tf, f^niiW./rateraifc' (liberty, equality, fraternity), and as place an ovum, ovule, or egg-cell the pro-
He [Dante] is too sternly touched to be effueive and the 'surname taken by I'hilip, Duke of Orleans (Philippe
; ;

tearful. Lowell, Among ray Books, 2d ser., p. 121. Egalit^), as a token of his adherence to the revolution
creative product of the female, corresponding
3. Poured abroad ; spread or poured freely. he was nevertheless guillotined by the revolutionists in to the sperm, sperm-cell, or spermatozoon of
With thirsty sponge they rub the tables o'er 1793. the male. In biology the term is used in the widest
(The swains unite the toil) the walls, the floor,
; egality (e-gal'i-ti), w.;
pi. egalities (-tiz). [< ME. possible sense, synonymously with ovum (which see). In
its simplest expression, an egg is a mass or speck of proto-
Wash'd with th' effusive wave, are purg'd of gore. egalite, egaUtee, < OF. egalite, egaute, F. igalit6,
Pope, Odyssey, xxii. plasm capable of producing an organism like the parent,
< 1,. (equalita(t-)s, equality: see equality, the sometimes by itself, oftener only by inipregnatioti with
eflfosively (e-fu'siv-li), adv. In an effvisive present E. form.] Equality. [A rare Galli- the corresponding substance of the opposite sex and in ;

manner. cism.] low sexless organisms the generative body is indistin-

effasiveness (e-ffi'siv-nes), n. The state of be-
She is as these martires in egalite.
guishable as an egg-cell from a sperm-cell. In higher ani-
ing effusive. mals which have opposite sexes the egg is usually dis-
Chaucer, Parson's Tale.
tinguished from the spermatozoon by its gieater relative
eflected (e-flek'ted), a. In entom., bent out- That cursed France with her egalities. size and its sphericity. Regarded morphologically, an egg
ward suddenly. Tennyson, Aylmer's Field. has throughout the animal kingdom one single and simple
efreet (e-fref), n. Same as afrit. egallyt, adv. Equally. character, or morphic valence, that of the cell, in which
"Wadna ye prefer a meeracle or twa?" asked Sandy. egalnesst, «• Equalness equality. Nares. ;
a cell.wall, cell-substance, a nucleus, and a nucleolus are,
as a rule, distinguishable. Such an egg is usually of mi-
" Or a few e/re«te .'" added I.
.
Egean, a. See Mgean. croscopic or minute size and, however comparatively enor-
. .
;
Kingsley, Alton Ijocke, xxi.
egence (e'jens), ». [< L. egen{t-)s, ppr. of mous an egg may become by the addition of other struc-
efti (eft), n. [< ME. efte, eefte, more common- egere, be in want, be needy. Cf . indigent, iii- tures, its morphological character as a cell is not altered.
ly evete, euete, later ewte, and with the n of the digence.'] The state or condition of suffering Thus, an egg, in its primitive undiiferentiated and unim-
indef. art. an adhering, ncfte, newte, now usu- pregnated condition, does not differ morphologically from
from the need of something; a strong desire any other cell of an animal organism, or from the whole of
ally newt, q. v. Uft, though now only provin- for something; exigence. Grote. a single-celled animal, nor can the egg of a sponge, for ex-
cial, is strictly the correct form.] newt ; any A
egerif, a. See eagerK ample, be distinguished from that of a woman. Physio-
small lizard. logically, however, the egg differs enormously from other
eger^, «. See eager^. cells, in that under proper conditions it may germinate or
J^ts, and foul'Wing'd serpents, bore [Origin not obvious.] In
The altar's base obscene. eger^ (e'gfer), «. build up an entire organism like that of the parent. This
Mickle, Wolfwold and UUa. hot., a tulip appearing early in bloom. is usually possible only after impregnation ; but the eggB
of parthenogenetic insects, as aphids, germinate for sev-
egeran (eg'e-rau), n. [< Eger, in Bohemia,
eft^t (eft), adv. [ME. eft, mft, efte, < AS. eft, where idocrase occurs.] In mineral., same as eral generations without the male element. The parts of
aft =
OS. eft =
OFries. eft, afterward, again:
vestirianite.
an egg may be named in general terms, the same as those
used for other cells but 6i)ecial names are usually applied.
;
Bee after. 1 After; again; afterward; soon. Thus, the nucleolus or smallest and inmost recognizable
Egeria (e-je'ri-a), n. [L. Egeria, JEgeria, Gr.
Til that Kynde cam Clergie to helpen. constituent is called the germinal spot or spot of Wag-
'Hytpia.] 1. Inborn, myth., a prophetic nymph
And in the myrour of Myddel-erde made hym eft to loke. ner; the nucleus is called the germinal vesicle or vesicle
Piern Plowtnan (C), xiv. 132. or divinity, the instructress of NumaPompilius, of Purkinje (in both cases wrongly, because these parts
Let him take the bread and eft the wine in the sight of and invoked as the
giver of life. 2. [NL.] — are not specially concerned in germination, and may even
the people. In zool.: (a) genus of brachyurous decapod A disappear after impregnation, the germinal vesicle proper
Ttfltdate, Ans. to Sir T. More, etc. (Parker Soc. 1850), p. 267. crustaceans, of the family Maiidm, or spider-
,
being quite another structure). The common cell-sub-
stance or protoplasm is the vitellus or yolk; the cell- wall
efter (ef'tfer), adv. and^ep. Obsolete and dia- crabs. E. indica is an Indian species. Leach, is the vitelline membi-ane, sometimes called in human
lectal form of after. 1815. (6) genus of bivalve shells, of the fam- A anatomy the zona pellucida. To these regular constitu-
A
form occurring only in the following ily Donacidw, generally considered to be the ents of an egg may be added others, namely (1) a large,
:
eftestt.
passage, where it is apparently either an inten- same as Galatea. Iloissy, 1805. 3. [NL.] See — sometimes enormous, mass of granular colored albumen
tional blunder put into the mouth of Dogberry, JEgeria. 4. The 13th planetoid, discovered — or food-yolk, as distinguished from the proper formative
yolk, as-that constituting nearly all the ball ot yellow of
or an original misprint for easiest (in early print by De Gasparis, at Naples, in 1850. a ben's egg (2) a great quantity of colorless albumen,
;

the " white "of an egg. Both the white and the
'
yel-
eafiest or efiest). The alleged eft, convenient, handy, egerian, a.
' See mgerian. '

low," however large in mass, are included in what cor-

commodious,' assumed from this superlative, is other- Egeriidse, n. pi. [NL.] See Mgeriidm. responds to the original cell-wall. But the latter may
wise unknown.
egerminate (e-jer'mi-nat), V. i. pret. and pp. ; acquire with its great increase in size a special thickness
Yea, marry, that's the eftest way. and toughness, then becoming (3) the egg-jjod, putamen,
egerminated, ppr. egerminating. [< L. egermi-
Shak., Much Ado, Iv. 2.
natus, pp. of egerminare, put forth, sprout, < e, or membrane putaminis; which may be still further
eftsoont, eftsoonst (eft-s6n', -sonz'), adv. [< thickened and hardened, as (4) the egg-shell, either white
out, +
germinare, sprout see germinate.'] To :
or variously pigmented. Thus it is seen that the great size
ME. eftsone, eftsones, again, soon after, also, be- put forth buds germinate. of some eggs, as those of all birds, most reptiles, many
sides, < eft, again, +
sone, soon: see eft^ and
egest (e-jesf), V. [< L. egestus, pp. of egerere,
;

batrachians, and some fishes, is due to extraneous sub-

»oon.] 1. Soon after; soon again; again; anew; bring out, discharge, void, vomit, < e, out, -1- stances deposited upon the true egg or egg-cell. This pro-
a second time; after a while. cess of inclusion may go still further, the egg, or a mass
gerere, carry.] I. trans. To discharge or void, of eggs together, being enveloped in a glairy substance,
Shal al the world be lost eftsones now? as excrement opposed to ingest. : egg-glue or ooglcea, as that of frogs' eggs, or encased in
Chaucer, Miller's Tale, 1. 303.
Il.t intrans. To defecate; pass dejecta of variously and often curiously constructed egg-cases. A
Pharaoh dreamed to have seen seven fair fat oxen, and trace of this is seen in the human egg, where a little gran-
eftsooiis seven poor lean oxen.
any kind. ular matter, derived from a Graafian follicle and known
Tyndale, Ans. to Sir T. More, etc. (Parker Soc, 1850), p. 249. There be divers creatures that sleep all winter, as the" as the discus protigerus, surrounds the egg-cell. Eggs the
bear, the bee, etc. These all wax fat when they sleep, whole of whose yolk is formative, or makes up into the
2. At once; speedily; forthwith.
and
. . .

egest not. Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 899. body of the embryo after segmentation of the whole vitel-
Ye may eftsones hem telle, lus, are called holoblastic ; others, with a quantity of food-
We usen here no womraen for to selle. egesta (e-jes'ta), «. pi. [NL., neut. pi. of L. meroblas-
yolk which does not undergo segmentation, are
ChaxLcer, Troilus, iv. 181. egestus, pp. ot egerere, void, vomit: see egest.] tic. All large eggs, as birds', are meroblastic. In these the
Sir, your ignorance That which is thrown out ; specifically, excre- egg proper is known as the cicatricula or tread; and the
Shall efUoon be confuted. mentitious matters voided as the refuse of di- tough, stringy albimien which steadies or buoys the yellow
Chapman, All Fools, ii. 1. in the white forms the chalazai. The gei-m-yolk and the
gestion; excrement, feces, or dejecta of any food-yolk may occupy different relative positions. (See cen-
Hold off, unhand me, greybeard loon
Eftsoons his hand dropt he. kind: opposed to ingesta. trolecithal, ectolecithal, etc.) The organ in which an egg is
Coleridffe, Ancient Mariner, i.
During this time she vomited everything, the egesta produced, whatever its size, shape, or position in the body
Med. News, XLI. 340. of the female, is the ovary ; the passage by which it is con-
e. g. An
abbreviation of the Latin exempli gra- being mixed with bile.
veyed to another part of the body, or to the exterior, is an
tia: for the sake of an example; for example. egestion (e-jes'chon), n. [< L. egestio(n-), < oviduct. In the former all the essential parts of the egg
Ega (e'ga), n. [NL. (Castelnau, 1835) ; a geo- egerere, py'.egestus,'voi(i,\oiiiit: see egest] The appear; in the latter various accessory structures, as the
graphical name.] A act of voiding the refuse of digestioUj or that
white and the shell, are deposited. All sexed animals
"lay" eggs; those in which the egg passes directly out of
genus of adephagous which is voided; defecation; dejection: op- the body, to be hatched outside, are called oviparous;
ground-beetles, of the posed to ingestion. those in which the egg severs its vascular or vital connec-
family Carabidw, con- tion with the parent, but remains inside the body to hatch,
It is confounded with the intestinal excretions and are ovoviviparous ; those whose eggs retain vascular con-
taining about 12 spe- egestions. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iii. 13.
nection with the parent, as by means ot a placenta and an
cies, nearly all from
tropical countries, but
egestive (f-jes'tiv), a. [< egest -ive.] Of or + umbilical cord, so that they bring forth alive, are vivipa-
rous. In the last the oviducts are more or less modified, as
for egestion: opposed. to ingestive.
two of them North into Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina, for the purpose
eggi (eg), n. [< ME. egge, pi. egges, eggis (of of gestation, as distinguished from the incubation of eggs
American, E. sallei Seand. origin, < leel. egg, etc., below), parallel laid outside the body. Egg-laying, as of birds, reptiles,
and E. Iwtula. Also with ME. ey, eye, ay, ai, pi. eyren, eiren, ayreu, insects, etc., is called oviposition; many insects have the
called Clialybe, Selina, end of the abdomen modified into a special ovipositor. The
eren, etc. (this form, which disappeared in the
and Steleodera. normal and usual shape of an egg is the sphere, preserved
first half 01 the 16th century, would have given even in some large eggs, as those of turtles many eggs ;

egad (e-gad'), inter}.

mod. E. "ay, riming with day, etc.), of native are cylindrical, with rounded ends the largest eggs, with
;

[A minced form of origin : namely, < AS. ccg, rarely ceig (in comp. a hard chalky shell, as birds', present a characteristic fig-
the oath by God. Cf. ure, the ovoid, varying to more or less conical, or ellipti-
ecod, gad?, etc.] An
also aiger-), pi. a:gru, = D. ei = MLG. ei, eig,
cal, or subspherical. In such cases the large end is called
exclamation express-
LG. ei = OHG. ei, pi. eigir, MHG. ei, G. ei, pi. the butt, the small end the point. All mammalian eggs,

ing exultation or sur- E^a

eier, = loel. egg = Sw. dgg = Dan. ceg = Goth. excepting those of the oviparous monotremes, are spheri-
cil and microscopic ; the egg of the human female mea-
'addjis (?), Crimean Goth, ada = Olr. og, Ir.
salUi.
(Line shows natural size.) sures about lis of an Inch in diameter. A hen's egg of good
prise.
ugh = Gael, ubh = W. tvy = L. ovum, later size weighs about 1,000 grains, of which the white is 600,
(ivum (> It. uovo = Sp. huevo = Pg. ovo = Pr.
Egad, that's true. Sheridan, School for Scandal, iv. 1.
the yellow 300, the shell 100. An ostrich's egg holds about
egalt (e'gal), n. [< ME. egal, < OF. egal,
a. and ov, uov, ueu = OF. ocf, P. cevf), = Gr. ^r, in 3 pints. The largest known egg is that of the extinct
esgal, igdl, egual, F. ^gal, < L. aqualis, equal: older forms uiov, Cicov, dial, ujimv, orig. *c)F6v Madagascan elephant-bird, Jipyomis maximus, having a
capacity of about 12 dozen hens' eggs, and a long axis of s
see equal, the present E. form.] I. a. Equal. (NGr. ahyov, also uov), — OBulg. jaje (orig. foot or more. Eggs of many animals besides birds are im-
Egal to myn offence. Chaucer, Troilus, iii. 137. *dvje1) = Bulg.jVy'ce = Serv. Fol.jaje = Bohem. portant food-products, of great economic and commercial
Was ever seen vejce = Kuss. (dim.) yaitse, an egg. The orig. value, as turtles' eggs, the roe of many fishes, the coral or
An emperor in Home thus overborne. berry of lobsters, etc.
form of the word is uncertain; not found in
Troubled, confronted thus; and, for the extent
Skt., etc.] 1. The body formed in the fe- He many sondry metes, mortrewes, and puddynges,
Of eaal justice, used in such contempt? eet
Shak., Tit. And., iv. 4. males of all animals (with the exception of a Wombe-cloutes and wylde braune & egges yfryed with
An few of the lowest type, which are reproduced grece. Piers Plowman (B), xiii. 63.
IL n. eqnal.
 —

egg 1863 egg-shell

This brid be a bank bildith his nest, egg-basket (eg'bis'ket), n. An open wire bas-
egg-flip (eg'flip'), »• A
hot drink made of ale
And hetpeth his eiren and hetith hem after. ket for use in boiling eggs, by means of which or beer with eggs, sugar, spice, and sometimes
Richard the Jiedeless, iii. 42.
the eggs may all be taken up at once, and the a little spirit, thoroughly beaten together. It
The largest Effffs, yet warm within their Nest, water (Irained off of them. is popularly called a yard of flannel, from its
Together with the Hens which laid em, drest.
Congrtve, tr. of Juvenal's Satires, xi. egg-beater (eg'be't^r), n. An instrument hav- fleecy appearance.
ing a piece to be twirled by the hand, for use The revolution itself was born in the room of the Cau-
S. Something like or likened to an egg in shape.
in whijiping eggs. cus Club, amidst clouds of smoke and deep potations of
There was talcen a great glass bnl)hle with a long neck,
atichaa chymiats are wont to call a philosophical etjg. Boyle. egg-bira (eg'berd), n. 1. A
popular name of egg-Jtip. Nineteenth Century, XXIII. 98.
the sooty tern, Sterna {Haliplana) fuliginosa, egg-forceps (eg'f6r''seps), n. sing, and^^^- 1.
[Tlie egg was used by the early Christians as a symbol of
the hope of the resurrection. The use of eggs at Easter whose eggs, like those of some other terns, An instrument used in fish-culture in handling
has, doulitless, reference to the same idea. Eggs of mar-
ble have been found in the tombs of early Christians.] —
have commercial value in the West Indies and or removing ova. Also called egg-tongs. 2. —
AUenegg. Seeaiic/i.— Ants' eggs. See-DiM.— Badegg,
southern United States. 2. — A
name of sun- A
delicate spring-forceps used by oologists to
dry other sea-birds, as murres, guillemots, etc., pick out pieces of the embryo or membrane
a bad or wnrtlitess person. [Colloq.] — Coronate eggs,
costate eggs. See the adjectives.— Drappit egg. See which nest in large communities, and whose from eggs prepared for the cabinet.
dm;)^i<.— Eared eggs. See rarcdi.— Easter eggs, .see eggs are of economic or commercial value. egg-glass (eg'glas), «. 1. sand-glass running A
E<uteri.—Egg and anchor, egg and dart, egg and
oniinnent altt-riiatilig
egg-blo'wer (eg'bl6''er), «. A
blo-wpipe used about three minutes, for timing the boiling of
'tongue, in nrcti., aii e;.'^'-shain.'d
-with a dart-like uruameut, uaed to enrich the ovolo mold-
by oologists iu emptying eggs of their contents eggs. 2. .Aji egg-cup of glass. —
by forcing in a stream of air or water with the egg-glue (e^'gle), ». A
tough, viscid, gelatinous
breath through a hole in the shell made with substance in which the eggs of some animals,
the egg-drill. They are of various styles and sizes, gen- as crustaceans, are enveloped, serving to at-
erally curved or hooked at the small end like a chemists'
tach them to the body of the parent ; oSgloea.
blowpipe, but smaller and finer at the jwint.
egg-bom (eg'b6m), a. Produced from an egg, egg-hot (eg'hot), B. A
posset made of eggs, ale,
sugar, and brandy. Lamb.
as all animals are ; but specifically, hatched
from the egg of an oviparous animal. egging (eg'ing), n. The act or art of collect-
A
de'vice for trans-
ing eggs, as for oological or commercial pur-
egg-carrier (eg'kar'i-*r), n.
porting eggs without injury, (a) A box or frame poses ; the business of an egger.
EfTg-and-dart Molding — Erectttheum. Athens. with pockets or partitions of cloth, wire, cardlward, etc., egg-laying (eg'la"ing), a. Oviparous ; laying
for holding eacii a single epg of poultry. (6) la fish-cxd- eggs to be hatched outside the body.
lug. It is also called the echinut ornament. See eehinug, ture, an apparatus for carr>'ing ova in water to be subse- eggler (eg'ler), n. See egger^.
The motive is of Hellenic origin, but has been a usual quently iiatched.
4.
egg-lighter (eg'li''t6r), n. Same as egg-tester.
one from Hellenic times to the present day, though
it has
egg-case (eg'kas), n. A natural casing or en- egg-membrane (eg'mem'bran), M. The cell-
not preserved its Greek reflnement.— Egg Of Uie unl- velop of some kinds of eggs, (o) The ootheca or
Terse, in ancient Greek cosmogony, the sphere of the »ky wall an ovum the vitelline membrane in
case in which tlie eggs of various insects, as the cockroacli,
of ; ;

with its contents, segmented at the surface of the earth, are contained when laid. <&) The silken case in which ornith., the egg-pod.
and supixised to be an egg in process of incubation. IBgg [ME. eggement;
Satorda^, or Feast of Eggs (Festum Uvorum), the day
many spiders inclose their eggs an egg-pouch, (c) The
; eggmentt (eg'ment), n. < egg^
case in which the eggs of sharks and other elasmobranchs -f- -ment.1 Inciliement instigation.
before Quinquagesima Sunday. ;
are contained a sea-barrow, (d) The ovicapsule of vari-
;

By the common people too, the preceding Saturday ous marine carnivorous gastropods, especially of the fam- Thurgh womannes eqgetnent
(that precedini; " the Sunday before the first in Lent"], in ilies Ilurcinidt^, Muricidce, etc. See ovieapettU. Mankind was lorn, and damned ay to die.
Oxfordshire particularly. Is called Egn Saturday.
egg-cell (eg'sel), n. An ovum ; an ovule ; an Chaucer, Man of Law's Tale, 1. 744.
llamimn, iledii .£vi Kalendarium, 1. 158.

Electric 9%S, a form of electrical apparatus used to Il-

egg itself, when in the cell stage, or state egg-nog (eg'nog' )» »•
it is sweet, rich, and stimu- A
lustrate the Influence of the presaurw of the air upon the
of a cell, as a nucleated mass of protoplasm, lating cold drink made of eggs, milk, sugar, and
electrical discharge. It consiata of an ellipeoldal glass with or without a nucleolus, and with or with- spirits. The yolks of the egga are thoroughly mixed
Tesael with brass rods Inserted at the ends. When It u ex- out a cell-wall, but ordinarily possessing both. with the sugar (a taldespoonful for each egg), and half a
hausted of air, and a dlschai-ge of high-potential electrici-
See orum. pint of spirits is added for each dozen of eggs. Lastly,
ty Is passed between these |>oU^, a continuous violet tuft half a pint of milk for each egg is stirred in. The whites
of light connects them, the form of which varies with ttic egg-cleavage (eg'kle'vaj), ti. The segmenta- of the eggs are used to make a froth.
—
degree of exhaustion. Ephipplal egg. See ephippiat.— tion of the vitellus of ah egg; cell-cleavage of
egg-pie (eg'pJ'), «. A pie made of eggs. Salli-
JCobl'S egSt the bexoar-stone of the nioiir, an aiiteloi>e. an egg-cell the germination of an ovum, ovule, uell.
— Boc'a ess- 8«e roe.— To come In irith five eggst,
;

or egg from the stage of a cytula to that of a

to make a foolish remark or suggestion. egg-plant (eg'plant), n. The brinjal or auber-
morula, it is one of the earliest processes of germination, gme, Solanum Melongena, cultivated for its
Whiles another gyueth connsell to make peace wyth the in which the single mass of the formative yolk is divided
Kynge of Arragone, . another eumnuth in vyih hys
. .
into a great numt>er of other masses or cells, liy subse- large oblong or
and aduvscth to howke in the Kynge of Castell.
V. efjijg,
quent differentiation of which the whole t>04ly of the ovate fruit,
SirT. Mure, I topia, tr. by Robinwiii <ed. l&Sl), sig. E, vl. embryo is formed. Egg-cleavage proceeds in various which is of a
To put all one's eggs into one basket, to venture all "rhythms" or ratios, as 2, 4, 8, itt, etc.— Discoldal egg- dark-purple col-
onenas in one HperuTation or investment. Totftkeeggs — cleavage. See dieeoidai.
or, or sometimes
for money, to allow one's self to be Imposed upon: a
saying wtiicli oritiinated at a time when eggs were soplen-
egg-cockle (eg'kok'l), n. An
edible cockle,
white or yellow.
(iirdium elatum.
iifal as scarcely to liave a money value. The fruit is high-
Lejfn. Mine honest friend,
egg-cup (eg'kup), n. A cup for use in eating
ly esteemed as a
Win you take eggtjat numtyl soft-boiled eggs. In its original form. It isto made
hold a single egg npriglit while this is eaten out of the shell vegetable. Also
Mam. No, my lord, III flght.
Skai., W. T., L 2.
with a spoon. Another form is double, with one end like called egg-ap2>le,
the former, and the reverse end larger for eggs to be mad-apple.
O rogne, rogue, I shall have e(jgtfor my monty; I mnst broken into it
hang myself. JlowUy, Match at Slidnlglit.
A
dance by
a single egg-pod (eg'-
egg-dance (eg'd&ns), n. pod), «. pod A
«gg^ (eg), r. t. [< egp'^, n.] X. To apply eggs performer, who is required to execute a com-
to; cover or mix with eggs, as or case envelop-
cutlets, flsn, plicated figure, blindfolded, among a number
bread, etc., in cooking. — 2. To pelt with eggs. of eggs, 'without touching them.
ing and contain-
ing an e^g or
Preparations in the middle of the road for the egg-daTice,
alnlltlon editor of the " Newport (Ky.) News" was
The so strikingly descril>e<l by Goethe. eggs; specifical- Flowering Brancli and Fruit of Egg-plaat
out of Alexandria, Can^bell County, in that State,
tffffed lions. Year Book, p. 962. ly, in ornith., the
on Monday. BaUitnore Sun, Aug. 1, I8S7. e^g-drill (eg'dril), n. An instrument for drill- membrana putaminis, the tough membrane
(^g)> f. (. [( ME. eggen, incite, urge on, ing or boring a small round hole in the shell of which lines the shell of a bird's egg. See ptir-
9fU^
instigate (in either good or Mtd sense), < Icel. a bird's egg, used by oOlogists. it consists of a lit- tamen.
eggja =
8w. egga, upp-egga =z Dan. egge, op- tle steel or Iron bar which may t>e twirled in the fingers, egg-pop (eg'pop' ), n. A
kind of egg-nog. [New
a sharp-pointed conical head roughened to a rasp-
egge, incite, egg, lit. '^edge,' < Icel. egg 8w. having
ing surface.
= Eng.]
egg =
Dan. egg =
AS. ecg, E. edge: see edge, egget, n. and v. An obsolete form of edge. Lewis temporarily contended with the stronger fasci-
nations of egg-pop. Louxll, Fireside Travels, p. 59.
n., and edge, v., a doublet of egg^.'] To incite eggementt, ». See eqgment.
or urge ; encourage ; instigate ; provoke : now No more egg-pop, made with eggs that would have been
egg-ended (eg'en'ded), a. Terminated by fighting cocks, to Judge by the pugnacity the beverage con-
nearly always witu on. uvuidui caps or ends. taining their yolks developed. O.W. lloline^, Essays, p. 146.
Adam and Eue he egged* to don ille, Spherical shells, such as the ends of effg^ended cyllndri-
CoDsailde Cayne to cullen has brother. cal boilers. Rankine, Steam Engine, $ es. egg-pouch (eg'pouch), n. A sac of silk or other
Plowman (C),
Also called material in which certain spiders and insects
Piere
Some vpon no lust & lawful grounds (being effoed on by
II. 01.
egger^ (eg'tr), n. [< egg^ + -er^.
eggler, where the I appears to be merely intru- carry their eggs; the ootheca.
ambition, enule, and couetise) are induced to n>llow the
armie. llakluyt't Voyagei, I. 562. sive.] One who makes a business of collecting eggS-and-bacon (egz'and-ba'kn),n. [So called
trom the two shades of yellow in the flowers.]
Tboa shooldst be prancing of thy steed.
To egff thy soldiers forward in thy wan.
eggs, as of birds or turtles.
egger^ (eg'^r), «. egg^, v., + -crl.] One 1. The bird's-foot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus. —
f< 2. Tlie toa<l-flax, Linaria vulgaris.
Oreem, Alpbonsns. ill. who eggs, urges, or incites: usually with on.
(egz'and-kol'ops), n. Same
egg-albumin (eg'al-bu'min), ». The albumin egger^ (eg'^r), n. [Also written eggar; origin eggs-and-collops
which occurs in the white of eggs. It is close- uncertain.] In entotn., a reddish-brown moth as iggs-aud-baroti, 2.
ly allied to scrum-alburain, but differs in cer- of either of the genera Lasiocampa and Erio- egg-sauce (eg'sfts), n.
Sauce prepared with
gaxter: as, the o&i-egger, L. qucrcns; the grass- eggs, used with boiled
fish, fowls, etc.
tain physical properties.
egg-animal (eg'an'i-mal), n. One of the Ovu- cgger, L. trifolii ; the small egger, E. lacustris. egg-shaped (eg'shapt), a. Ovoid; having the
figure of a solid whose cross-section anywhere
larin. egger-moth (eg'6r-moth), n. Same as eggerS.
section is oval (deep-
egg-apple (eg'apl), «. Same as egg-plant. eggery (eg'^r-i), n. ; pi. eggerie.i (-iz). '[< egg^ is circular, and whose long
eggar, «. See egger^. + -erij.'] A nest of eggs; a place where eggs er near one end than near the other). An egg-
egg-bag (ce'bag), n. 1. The ovary. 2. A bag are laid. [Rare.] — thniied egg is technically distinguished in oology from an
elliptical, vyriform, or subspherical egg.
used l)y conjurers, from which eggs seem to be egg-fish (eg'fish), n. One of many names ap- egg-shell (eg'shel), n. The shell or outside
taken HiouKh it is empty. ])Ued to gymnodont plectognath fishes, from covering of an egg: chiefly said of the hard,
egg-bald (cg'buld), a. Bald as an egg; com- their shape when inflated. They are chiefly of brittle, calcareous covering of birds' eggs. This
pletely bald. Tennyson. the family Tetrodontidoe. shell consists mostly of carbonate of lime or chalk, depos-
 ; ;

egg-shell 1854 egotism

ited upon and in among the libers of the egg-pod or puta- The leaf of eglantuie, whom not to slander, 3. In meiaph., the opinion that no matter ex-
men. It is a secretion of a partieular calcitlc tract of tlie Outsweeteii'd not thy breath. ists and only one mind, that of the individual
oviduct near the end of that tube. It may be nearly col- Shak., Cymbeline, iv. 2.
holding the opinion. The tei-m is also applied (by
orless and of such crystalline purity and ti-anslucency that 2. The wild rose or dogrose, Bosa canina. critics) to forms of subjective idealism supposed logically
the contents of the fresh egg show a pinkish blush through
whole-colored of Eglantine, cynorrodos. Levim, Manip. Vocab. (1570). to result in such an opinion. See 8olip8iit7n. = SyJL 1.
it, or very heavy, oiwiiue, flaky white ;

blue, drab, oclirey, etc. or par- Pride, Egotivm, etc. See egotism.
various tones, as green, ;
To hear the lark begin his flight, . . .

ty-colore»l in many shades of reds, browns, etc., In endless And at my window bid good morrow egoist (e'go-ist), n. [= D. G. Dan. 8w. egoist
Tariety of patterns. Bi-sides the evident diversity of char- Through the sweet-briar or the vine = P. egoiste = Sp. Pg. It. egoista; as ego + -ist.']
acter in thickness, roughness, etc., the shell has many the twisted eqlanti'ne.
t>r 1. One who is characterized by egoism; a sel-
variations in microsiwpic texture, depending upon
of the deposition of the particles of lime in the pod. The
details Milton, L' Allegro, 1. 48.
Eglantitie has sometimes been erroneously taken for the
fish or self-centered person. 2. In metaph., —
shell of an ostrich's egg is so thick and hard that it may se- ^"''. h9Wing t\e<loctrine_ of egoism.
honeysuckle, and it seems more than probable that Milton
riouslv wound a man if the egg explodes, as it sometimes so understood it, by his calling it " twisted." If not, he CgOlStlC, egOlStlCal (e-go-is tlk, -tl-kal), o. [<
does when addled, in consequence of the compression of nnist have meant the wildrose. Nares. egoint + -ic, -ical.} 1. Characterized by the vice
the g:ise.'< generated in decomposition.— Egg-sheU cUna,
egg-shell porceljlln, porcelain of extreme thinness and eglenteret, « [ME., also eglentier (the form of egoism absorbed in self.
; 2. In ethics, per- —
translncenev. It was made originally in China, and is cglctere in Tennyson being a spurious mod. taining or relating to one's self, and not to
now produced also in European factories, where the pro- archaism); =
MD. eghelentier,< OF. eglentier, others ; relating to the promotion of one's own
cess consists in Hlling a mold of plaster of Paris with the well-being, or the gratification of one's own
material called barbotine, of which a thin film at once ad- eglenter, aiglantier, aglantier, esglantier (ef. Pr.
heres to the mold from the absorption of its moisture by uiguiUineier), the eglantine, prop, the bush or desires characterized by egoism
; opposed to :

the gypsum. The liquid barbotine being U\en thrown out tree as distinguished from the flower; with altruistic.
and the mold put into the kiln, the film remaining in it is suffix -ier (E. -er"^, L. -arius), < aiglant, aiglent, The adequately egoittic individual retains those powere
baked, and can then be removed from the mold. which make altruistic activities possible.
(eg'slis), n. A kitchen utensil for re- aglant, the eglantine: see eglantine.'] The //. Spencer, Data of Ethics, f 72.
egg-slice
moving omelets or fried eggs from a pan. sweetbrier; eglantine.
3. In metaph., involving the doctrine that no-
egg-spoon (eg'spon), »i. A small spoon for eat- He was lad into a gardin of Cayphas, and there he was
Mandeville, Travels, p. 14.- thing exists but the ego.
cround with eglentier.
ing eggs from the shell.
The woodbine and egtetere The egoistical idealism of Fichte is less exposed to criti-
egg-syringe (eg sir ' inj), w. A small, light
'
Drip sweeter dews than traitor's tear. cism than the theological idealism of Berkeley.
metal syringe for forcing a stream of water Tennyson, A Dirge. Sir W. Hamilton.
into an egg to empty it, or to wash the inside «
An obsolete spelling of efffan- Egoistical object, a mode of consciousness regarded as
eglentinet,
of the shell, for oological purposes. The best are "g„g_ J/iJiWiCw an (jbjict. -Egoistical representationlsm, the doc-
trine tliat the external world is known to us by means of
enough „_i „_„+„, (e-glom
made with a ringin the end of the piston large to ,= „i„™'a- st'i «
fer-at), » t. pret. and pp.
insert the thuml), so that they can be worked with one eglomeratet ^
; representative ideas, and tliat these are modifications of
[< L. e, out, 4-
'

hand while the other holds the egg. The nozle is tine, eglomerated, ppr. eglomerating. consciousness.
and may be variously curved. glomeratiis, pp. of glmnerare, -wind up into a egoistically (e-go-is'ti-kal-i), adv. In an egois-
egg-tester (eg'tes't^r), «. A
device for exam- ball: see glomerate.'] To unwind, as a thread tic manner as regards one's self.
;

ining eggs by transmitted light to test their age from a ball. Coles, 1717. Each profits egoistically from the growth of an altru-
and conditio'n or the advancement of an embry- egma (eg'ma), m. A
humorous corruption of ism which leads each to aid in preventing or diminishing
H. Spencer, Data of Ethics, § 77.
onic chick. It may be in the form of a dark lantern with en igma. others' violence.
an opening through which the egg is viewed, or of a box with
perforated lid carrying the eggs, and a reflector below for
Arm. Some enigma, some riddle come, thy I'envoy : egoity (e-go'i-ti), n. [< ego + -ity.] The es-
begin. sential element of the ego or self egohood.
throwing the light through them, or in the much simpler
;

Cost. No egma, no riddle, no I'envoy.

and more practical form of a conical tube, the egg being Shak., L. L. L, iii. 1. This innocent imposture, which I have all along taken
held toward the light against the orifice at the larger end care to carry on, as it then was of some use, has since
and observed by means of an eye-hole in the smaller end. ego (e'go), n. [< L. ego Gr. iyu = AS. ic, E. = been of regular service to me, and, by being mentioned in
Also egg-lighter. I: see 12.] The "I"; that wliieh feels, acts, one of my papers, effectually recovered my egoity out of
egg-timer (eg'ti^'mfer), n. A
sand-glass used and thinks; any person's "self," considered as the hands of some gentlemen who endeavoured to correct
it for me. Swift, On Harrison's Tatler, No. 28.
for determining the time in boiling eggs. essentially the same in all persons. This use of
If you would permit me to use a school term, I would
egg-tongs (eg'tongz), n. sing, and pi. Same as the word was introduced by Descartes, and has
say the egoity remains that is, that by which I am the
:
egq-forccps, 1. long been current in general literature. same I was. W. Wollaston, Religion of Nature, ix. § 8.
egg-'tootfi (eg'toth), n. A
hard point or process The ego, as the subject of thought and knowledge, is now The non-ego out of which we arise must somehow have
on the beak or snout of the embryo of an ovip- commonly styled by philosophers simply the subject, and an egoity in it as cause of finite egos.
arous animal, as a bird or reptile, by means of subjective is a familiar expression for what pertains to the Amer. Jour. Psychol., I. 546.
which the rupture or breakage of the egg-shell nnrid or thinking power. In contrast and correlation to .,_,.., .

pret.
, ,
and pp.
..
egoizea, ppr.
these, the terms object and objective are now in use to egOlZe (e go-iz), V. i. ;
may be facilitated. denote the non-ego, its affections and properties, and, in cgoizing. [< ego +excessive -ize.] To give
The embryos [of serpents] are provided with an egg- general, the really existent as opposed to the ideally attention or consideration to one's self, or to
tooth, a special development like that of the chick. known. Sir W. Hamilton.
Statid. Nat. Hist., III. 352.
what relates to one's self ; be absorbed in self.
For the ego without the non-ego is impossible in fact and
thought, and the abstraction of the ego [Rare.]
meaningless in
egg-trot (eg'trot), n. In the manege, a cautious from the bodily organisation and the intuition of itself liy egophonic, egophony. See wgophonic, legoph-
jog-trot pace, like that of a housewife riding to itself as a non-bodily entity is an artificial and deceptive ony.
market with eggs in her panniers. Also called proce.ss. Maudsley, Body and Will, p. f)6.
egdtheism (e'go-the-izm), «. [< Gr. fju, E. =
cggwife-trot. Absolute ego. See absolute.— The empirical ego, the
wliat " I " am conscious of as
I, -t- 0e6Q, God, +
E. -ism.] The deification of
egg-tube (eg'tub), n. In zool., a tubular organ self as the object of itself ;

" myself."— The pure ego, the self regarded abstractly self; the substitution of self for the Deity;
in which ova are developed, or through which apart from every object of also, the opinion that the individual self is es-
as the mere thinking subject,
they are conveyed to or toward the exterior of thought, even itself. sentially divine.
the body an oviduct.
;
ego-altruistic (e'go-al-tro-is'tik), a. Relating egotism (e'go-tizm or eg'9-tizm), «. [< ego
The ovaries (in Lejndoptera] consist on either side of four or pertaining to one's seli and to others See ^(see egotist) -ism.] +
1. The practice of put-
very long many-chambered egg-tut>es, which contain a great the extract. ting forward or dwelling upon one's self ; the
quantity of eggs. Claus, Zoology (trans.), p. 581.
From the egotistic sentiments we pass now to the ego- habit of talking or writing too much about one's
egg-nrchin (eg'6r''chin), n. A globular sea-ur- altruistic sentiments. By this name I mean sentiments self.
which, while implying self-gratification, also imply grati-
chin one of the echini proper, or regular sea-
; Adieu to etjotism ; I am sick to death at £he very name
fication in others ; the representation of this gratification "

urchins, as distinguished from the flat ones in others being a source of pleasure not intrinsically, but of self, Shelley, in Dowden, I. 101.
known as cake-urchins, or the cordate ones because of ulterior benefits to self which experience asso- It is idle to criticise the egotism of autobiographies,
ciates with it. //. Spencer, Prin. of Psychol., § 619. however pervading and intense.
called heart-urchins.
fe (eg'wif), «. A
woman who sells eggs, egohood
(e'go-hud), w. [< ego >r -hood.] In- W. li. Greg, Misc. Essays, 1st ser. , p. 177.

— EggWlfe-trot. Same as e<7(7 «ro( 3ividuality ;~ personality. Brit. Quarterly Bev. Hence — 2. An excessive esteem or considera-
eghet, ". An obsolete variant of eye. Chaucer
egoical (f-go'i-kal), a. [< ego -ic-al.] Per- + tion for one's self, leading one to judge of
egidos, n. pi. [Sp.] See ejido. taining to egoism. Hare. [Rare.] everything by its relation to one's own inter-
egilopic, egilopical, etc. See wgilopic, etc.
egoism (e'go-izm), n. [= D. G. egoismus Dan. = ests or importance.
egis, " See a-gis. cgoisme =
Sw. egoism P. ego'isme = Sp. Pg. It. = The most violent egotism which I have met with ... is
eglandular (e-glan'dij-lar), a. [< L. e- priv. -I- e'goismo; as ego -ism.] +
1. The habit of valu- that of Cardinal Wolsey, "Ego et rex mens, I and my
King." Sjm-tator, No. 562.
glandula, gland see glandular.] In biol., hav- ing everything only in reference to one's per-
:

ing no glands. There can be no doubt that this remarkable man owed
sonal interest; pure selfishness or exclusive the vast influence which he exercised over his contempo-
eglandulose, eglandulous (e-glan'du-16s, -lus), reference to self as an element of character. raries at least as much to bis gloomy egotism as to the
a. [< L. e- priv. -I- glandula, gland: see glan- Tlie Ideal, the True and Noble that was in them having real power of his poetry. Macaulay, Moore's Byron.
dulose.] Same as eglandular. faded out, and nothing now remaiinng but naked egoism, Selfishness is only active egotinm.
eglantine (eg'lan-tin or -tin), n. [Early mod. vulturous greediness, they cannot live. Carlylr. Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser.. p. 364.
E also eglentine; first in the 16th century, < F. 2. In ethics, the doing or seeking of that which =Syn. Pride, Egotiam, Vanity, Conceit, Self-ctmceit, Set/-
eglantine, 'aiglantine, now eglantine (= Pr. aig- affords pleasure or advantage to one's self, in consci(»i»ness. Pride and egotism imply a certain indif-
I'entina), eglantine (cf. OF. aiglantin, adj., per- ference to the opinions of others concerning one's self.
distinction to that which affords pleasure or Pride is a self-contained satisfaction with the excellence
taining to the eglantine); with suffix -ine (E. advantage to others: opposed to altruism. In of what one is or has, despising what others are or think.
-tiu;, L. -inns, fem. -ina), < OP. aiglant, aiglent, this sense the term does not necessarily imply Vanity is just the opposite it is the love of being even;

aglent =. Pr. aguilen, sweetbrier, hip-tree, < anything reprehensible, and is not synonymous fulsomely admired. Pride rests often upon higher or in-
trinsic things as, pride of fannly, place, or power intel-
L. 'aeulentus, an assumed form, lit. prickly, with egotism. : ;

lectual or spiritual pride. Vanity rests often upon lower

thorny, < aculeus, a sting, prickle, thorn, < acus, Egoiitm is the feeling which demands for self an increase and external things, as beauty, figure, dress, ornaments
a point, needle see aculeus, and et. aglet.] 1. of enjoyment and diminution of discomfort. Altruism is
: but the essential difference is in the question of depen-
The sweetbrier, Bosa rubiginosa. It flowers in that which demands these results for others. dence upon others. Over the same things one person might
L. F. Ward, Dynam. Sociol., I. 14, have pride and another vanity. One may be too proud to
June and July, and grows in dry, bushy places. be vain. Conceit, or self-conceit, is an overestimate of
Egoism comprises the sum of inclinations that aim at
When the lilly leafe, and the eglantine. purely personal gratification, each of these inclinations one's own abilities or accomplishments it is too much an :

Doth bud and spring with a merry cheere.
The A'odte fisherman (Child's Ballads, V. 329).
Sweet is the eglantine, but pricketh nere.
Spenser, .Sonnets, xxvi.
having its particular gratification and the further we go
; elevation of the real self to rest upon w eal th, dress, or other
back in civilisation, the greater is the predominance which external things. Egotism is a strong and olftrnsive con-
these egoistic impulses have. fidence in one's self! shown primarily in conversation, not
Maudsley, Body and Will, p, 164, only by frequent references to self, but by monopolizing
 ! : ! ;

egotism 1855 Egyptian

ignoring the opinions of others, etc. It differs
ftttentioii, Make the Moor thank me, love me, and reward me. with an egret on the head, and a recurved dorsal train.
from conceit chiefly in its selftshness and unconsciousness For making him egregioudly an ass. — Reddish egrets, dichrolc egrets, herons of the gen-
of its appearance in the eyes of others. Cotweit becomes Shak., Othello, ii. 1. era Hydranassa, Dichromanagtm, Demiegretta, etc., with
egotitm when it is selfish enough to disparage otliers for M^hat can be more egregiouely absurd, than to dissent in variegated (sometimes white) plumage, and long dorsal
its own comparative elevation. Sei/-conxiousnetB is often our opinion, and discord in our choice, from infinite wis- train.
confounded with egotium, cimceit, or vanity, but it may dom? Barrow, Works, I. xviii. egrettt, egrettet, n. See egret.
be only an erabarrassinK sense of one's own personality,
an inability to refrain from thinking how one appears to egregionsness (f-gre'jus-nes), n. The state or egrimony^t, "• -An obsolete form of agrimony.
others it therefore often makes one shrink out of notice.
; quality of being egregious. Egrim&ny bread is very pleasant. R. Sharrock, 1668.
Vanity makes men ridiculous, pride odious. Steele. egremoinet, «. An obsolete variant of agri- egrimony^t (eg'ri-mo-ni), n. [< L. cegrimonia,
Pride, indeed, pervaded the whole man, was written in mony. Chaucer. sorrow, anxiety, < a!ger, sick, troubled, sorrow-
the harsh, rigid hues of his face, was marked by the way egress (e'gres, formerly e-gres'), n. [= Pg. It. ful.] Sickness of the mind sadness; sorrow.
in which he stood, and, atwve all, in which he bowed.
;
egresso, < L. egressus, a going out, ( egressus, Coeheram,
Macaulay, William Pitt.
pp. of egredi, go out, < e, out, + gradi, go : see egrlot (e'gri-ot), n. [Formerly also agriot, < OF.
His excessive egotitm, which filled all objects with him-
self. Ilazlilt. grade. Cf ingress, progress, regress."] 1 The agriote, "agriotte, the ordinary sharp or tart
. .

We never could very clearly understand how it is that act of going or issuing out a going or passing cherry, which we also call Jgrno*-cherry " (Cot-
;

egotitm, so unpopular in conversation, should be so popu- out departtire,

; especially from an inclosed or grave), mod. F. griotte, prob. ult. < Gr. *aypi-
lar in writing. Maeatday, Moore's Byion. confined place.
"n/C (f) for dypoTiK, wild, aypioc, wild, < aypog,
These sparks with awkward vanity display Their [bishops'] be opened but
lips, as doors, are not to field: see Agrostis, etc.] A
kind of sour cherry.
What the fine gentleman wore yesterday. for egress of instruction and sound knowledge.
Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. 329. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, vil. 24.
egrltndet (e'gri- or eg'ri-tfld), n. [= It. egri-
tudine, < L. mgritudo, < ceger, sick, troubled, sor-
Cmeeit may puff a man up, but never prop him up. Gates of burning adamant,
RusJdn, True and Beautiful. Barr'd over us, prohibit all egress. rowful.] Mental trouble; sorrow; distress;
TbA7 that hare the least reason have the most Mlf^crm- Milton, P. L., 11. 437. more rarely, bodily sickness.
eeit. Whichcote, 2. Provision for passing out a means or place ; I do not intende to write to the cure of egritudes or
Something which befalls you may seem a great misfor- of exit. syckenesses confyrmed.
tune; —
you . . begin to think that it is a chastisement,
.
The egress, on this side, is under a great stone archway,
Sir T. Elyot, Castle of Health, iv.
or a warning. Butgivenp this egotistic Indulgence of
. . .
Now, now we symbolize in egrifvde.
your fancy; examine a little what misfortunes, greater
thrown out from the palace and surmounted with the
family arms. H. James, Jr., Trans. Sketches, p. 162. And simpathize in Cupids malady.
a thousand fold, are happening, every second, to twenty Cyprian Academy (1647), p. 34.
times worthier persons and your gel/-<Mn$eioutne*» wiU
;
3. In astron., the passing of a star, planet, or
change into pity and humility.
satellite (except tne moon) out from behind egualmente (a-gwal-men'te), equal-
adv. [It.,
Runkin, Ethics of the Dust, v. ly, evenly, < eguale, < L. cequalis, equal.] In
or before the disk of the sun, the moon, or a
egotist fe'go-tist or eg'o-tist), n. [< ego + t planet. music, evenly: a direction in playing.
(inserted to avoid hiatus, or after the analogy egress (e-gres' ), r. i. [< L. egressus, pp. of egredi, egulse (e-gwe-za'), «• In her., same as aiguise.
of dramatist, epigrammatist, etc.) -int. Cf. +
go out : see egress, n. Cf. aggress, progress.] Egyp'tian (e-jip'shan), a. and n. [Early mod.
egoist, egoism, etc.] One who is characterized To go out ; depart leave. [Bare.] E. also Egiptian, tigypcien, Egipcien (also by
;

by egotism, in either sense of that 'word. apheresis Gipcien, (xipsen, etc., whence mod.
egression (e-gresh'on), n. [= Sp. (obs.) egrc-
We are all egotitts in sickness and debility. .'ion, < L. e'gressio(n-), < egressus, pp. of egredi,
Gipsy, q. v.); < OP. Egyptien, F. Egyptian =
0. W. Holme; Old VoL of Life, p. 2s.
The act of going out, Sp. Egipciano, < L. jEgyptius, < Gr. AiyvTznof,
go out: see egress.]
Egj'ptian, < Alytmroc (L. ^gyptus), m., Egypt,
egotistic, egotistical (e-go- or eg-^tis'tik, e-go- especially from an inclosed or confined place
or eg-o-tis ti-kal), a. Pertaining to or of the departure ; outward passage ; egress. [Bare.] fem., the Nile. The name does not appear to
nature of egotism characterized by egotism be of Egyptian or Semitic origin.] it a. 1.
; Inig. So thou mayst have a triumphal egression.
as, an egotistic remark an egotistic person. ; Pug. In a cart, to be hanged Pertaining to Egypt, a covmtry in the north-
B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, v. 4. ea.stern part of Africa, in the valley and delta
It would, indeed, be scarcely safe to draw any decided
inferences as to the character of a writer from paaaases The wise and good men of the world, . especially in . .
of the Nile.— 2t. Gipsy. See II., 2.-Egyptlan
directly e<joti9tical, Maeaukty. the days and periods of their Joy and festival egressions, architecture, the architecture of ancient Egypt, which,
chose U} thrww some ashes into their chalices. among its peculiar monuments, exhibits pyramids, rock-
-Syn. Conceited, rain, self-important, opinionated, as-
Jer. Taylor, Holy Dying, ii. 1. cut temples and tontbs, and gigantic monolithic obelisks.
suming. See epotitm.
The characteristic features of the style are solidity and
egotistically (e-go- or eg-o-tis'ti-kal-i), adv. In egressor (e-gres'or), «. One who goes out. the majesty attending colossal size. .-Vmong its peculiar-
"
an e^rotistieal manner. egret (e'gr'et), n. [Also, in some senses, aigret, ities are: (a) The gradual converging or sloping inward
of most of its exterior wall-surfaces. This is especially
egotize (e'go-tiz or eg'o-tiz), r. «. ; pret. and aigrette, tonnerXy egrett, egrette, (egret; < P. ai-
noticeable in the pylons or monumental gateways stand-
pp. egoti:ed, ppr. egoti^ritig. [< ego t (see ego-+ grette, a sort of heron, a tuft of feathers, a tuft,
ing singly or in series before its temples. (&) Roofs and
tist) + -ize.] To talk or write much of one's a cluster (of diamonds, etc.), the down of seeds,
self ; exhibit egotism. [Bare.] etc., dim. of OF. 'aigrc, 'aigron, mod. F. dial.
I e^tize in my letters to thee, not liecanse I am of much igron, foimd in OF.only with loss of the guttural,
importance to myself, but liecauae to thee both ego and hiron, mod. F. hiron, a heron, whence E. tteron :
all that ego does are uiterestliig.
Cooper, To Lady Besketh.
see heron.] 1. A
name common to those spe-
cies of herons which have long, loose-webbed
In these hnmble eaaaykins I have taken leave to tftotiie.
Thaekeray, A Hundred Years Hence.
plumes, forming tufts on the head and neck,
or a flowing train from the back.
egrannlose (e-gran'u-los), a. [< L. e- priv. -1-
In the famous feast of Archbishop Nevill, we And no less
(jrrunutose.] In hot.', not granulosa; without than a thousand asterides, egrets or egrittes, as it is differ-
granulations. ently spelt. Pennant, Brit. Zoology.
egret (e'gr), n. Same as eager^. 2. A heron's plume.
egreet, prep. phr. as adv. A Middle English Their head tyres of flowers, mix'd with silver, and gold,
form or agree. with some sprigs of agrets among.
Tfaene the empenmr was 4gree, and enkerly fraynes B. Jtmson, Masques, Chloridia.
The answere of Artbure.
JTorts ArtXwri (E. B. T. 8.), I. S07.
3. A topknot, plume, or btmch of long feathers
upon the head of a bird a plumicom as, the
; :
egre-fint, " See
eagle-fin. egrets of an owl. —
4. Same as aigret, 2. 6. In —
egregious (f-grCjuB), a. [< L. egregius, distin- hot.,the flying, feathery, or hairy down of seeds,
^i.sh('<l,
ex, out, +
surpassing, eminent, excellent, < e.
grex (ffreg-), flock: see gregarious.}
as the down of the thistle. 6. A monkey, Ma- —
cacus cynomolgtis, an East Indian species com-
Above the common beyond what ; is tisual ; ex-
monly seen in coiiflnement.— Great white egret,
I'urtico of tlie Tcjiiplc o( liUfuii, I'tuleinaic period.

traordinary, (at) In a good sense, distinguished ; re- the whiff hfi'>u of F.urope (Herodiaa nVm), or of America covered ways, fiat, and composed of Immense blocks of
markable. stone, reaching from one wall or stone epistyle beam to
Erictho another, the arch, although in all its fomts of frequent
'Bove Uinnder sits : to thee, egregiou* soule. use in drains and similar works, not being employed in
Let all Hesh bend. MarHon, Sophonisba, It. 1. architecture above ground, which holds consistently to
He might be able to adorn this present see, and famish the system of lintel-construction. (c) Columns, ntiinerous,
history with the leoords of egregioue exploits, both of art close, and massive, without bases, or with broad, fiat, low
and valoor. Dr. U. More, Antidote against Atheism. bases, antl exhibiting great variety in their capitals, from
This essay I Pope's "Essay on Man "I affords an ^^raiTious a simple Siiuare block to a wide-si)reading bell, elaborately
carvctl with palin-leaves or other forms suggested by vege-
Instance of the prwlominance of genius, the daxxling splen-
tation, especially in some adaptation of the lotus plant,
dour of imagery, and tiie seductive powers of eloquence.
butl, or fiower. (d) The employment of a large concave
Johneon, Pope,
molding to crown the entablature, decorated with vertical
(t) Now, more commonly In a bad or condemnatory sense, flutings or leaves, (e) Walls and columns decorated with
extreme; enormooa. a profusion of sculptures in incised outline, often of ad-
These last times, ... for Inaolency, pride, and egregious mirable precision (see caro-W/(<'t?o), or in low relief, rep-
contempt of all good order, are the wont resenting divinities, men, and animals, with innumerable
Hooter, Eccles. Polity, Pref., Iv. hieroglyphics, brilliant and tnie. though simple, coloring
Ah me, mr>at credulous fool,
being superadded. A remarkable feature of Egyptian
Bgrtgbnu mnrderer, architecture is the grandeur of its mechanical operations,
thief, anything
That s doe to all the as in cutting, polishing, sculpturing, and transporting
rillalns past, in being,
To come
• Shak., CymbeUne, t. 6.
enormous blocks of limestone and of granite, and in its
8tu|>endous excavations in the solid rock. The prototype
People that want sense do always in an eit'liotu man- of the Greek Doric order is to be sought in such Egyptian
ner want modesty. Steele, tatler, No. 47. columnar structures as the grotto-fa<;ades of Beni-Hassan;
Yon have made, too, some egregioue mistakes about and from the Egyptian lotus carvings and decoration were
English law, pointed out to me by one of the first lawyers American Great White H^,'rct > l[ero:iias tgrttta). developed many characteristic Assyrian decorative mo-
in the King's Bench. Sydney Smith, To Francis Jeflfrey. tives, as well as the Ionic capital and the graceful aiithe-
(Herodiasegretta), 3 feetor more in length, entirely white, mion-mohling of Greece. See mastaba, obelisk, pylon,
»SyiL (b). Huge, monstrooa, astonishing, surprising,
with a magnificent train of long, decomposed, fastigiate —
nnlque, exceptional, uncommon, unprecedented. pyramid, syrinx, 2, etc. Egyptian art, the architectu re,
plumes drooping far beyond the tail.— Little white sculpture, and painting of ancient Egypt, one of the most
egregionsly (f-gr^'jus-U), adv. In an egregious egret, the small white heron of Europe (Garzetta nivea), im|>ortant of the great artistic developments of the world.
manner. or of America {Garzetta candidissima), about 2 feet long. (See Egyptian architecture, above.) The earliest known
 Egyptian 1856
Egyptian sculptures, not less than 6,000 year* old, exhibit The Emtptising image of the god of Heliopolis.
great technical skill, approach nature with remarkable C. O. Mailer, Manual of Archieol. (trans.), § 240.
ease and certainty, and far surpass in naturalness the Sameasi'oW-
more conventional works which succeeded them. Yet
Egyptologer
"*/_*:""«» V" J i' " .J ^> n.
(e-jip-tol'6-j6r), '"^
the best Egjptian works of all times possess striking in-
dividuality as well as reflnement, a very large proportion

WM
 — : ; ;;

eigbteen 1867 either

eahtatiHe, rarely ehtatyne (= OS. ahtotian, ahte- eightscore (at'skor), «. or n. [< eight + score."] congress of bards and minstrels held periodi-
tehan =OFries. achtatiite, achtene D. acht- = Eight times twenty; one himdred and sixty. cally in Wales. The eisteddfod is a very ancient
Uen =
LG. achtein =
OHG. ahtd:ehan, MHG. eighty (a'ti), a. and n. [< ME. eygty, eigteti, institution, but its modem form dates from about the
ahtzehen, ahzeken, G. achtzehn Icel. atjdn = = < AS. hundeahtatig (see hund-) = OS. ahtodoch,
twelfth century. It is designed to foster patriotism, to
encourage the study of the Welsh language and literature,
8w. aderton Dan. atten = =
Goth. *aAto_Ktai- = OFries. achtantidi = D. tachtig =
ahtodeg and to promote the cultivation of the ancient bardic poetry
huH (not recorded) =
L. oetodecim Gr. okt(j- = OHG. aht6:o, aht6:ug, ah:oc, MHG. ahtzic, ah:ec, and music of the principality. Since 1819 an eisteddfod
naiScKa {mi, and) =
Skt. ashtddaqa (accented G. acht:ig = Icel. dttoHt/ir, dttatiii = Sw. Attat-io, has been held almost every year. It usually attracts thou-
sands of persons from all parts of the country, and lasts
on 2d syll.), eighteen), < eahta, etc., eight, + dttio = Dan. otteti = Goth, ahtautehund, eighty: three or four days, which are devoted to orations and con-
tedn, pi. -tyne, ten: see eight, and te«, <een3.] as eight (AS. eahta, etc.) + -tig, orig. a form of tests in poetry, singing, harping, etc. and prizes are award-
;

ed, amid much enthusiasm and ceremony, to the success-

I. a. Eight more than ten, or one more than ten: see ten and Eight times ten,
-ty^.] I. a.
or one more than seventy-nine ; fourscore : a ful competitors. The proceedings are conducted partly in
seventeen a cardinal numeral.
:
Welsh and partly in English. Similar meetings are some-
n. ». 1. The sum of ten and eight, or seven- cardinal numeral. times held in the I nited States by citizens of Welsh origin.
teen and one. 2. — A
symbol representing eigh- II. «. 1. The number greater by one than A eis-wool (is'wiil), n. fine kind of worsted
teen units, as 18, or XVIII, or xviii. seventy-nine; the sum of eight tens. —
2. A used for making shawls. Diet,
of Needlework.
eigllteeiuno (a'ten'mo), H. and a. [An E. read- symbol representing eighty units, as 80, or either (e'lH^r or i'lner: see below), a. and
ing of the symbol " 18mo," which ong. and prop, LXXX, or Ixxx. pron. [< ME. either, eyther, aither, ayther,
stands for L. octodecimo, prop, in the phrase -eign. A
false form of -ein, -en, in /or-etjrn and ether, (either, also eyder, ayder, etc. (also contr.
»n 18»J0, i. e., in octodecimo ; abl. of L. octodeci- soter-eign (which see). to er, asother to or), adj., pron. indef. and conj.,
mos, eighteenth, < oetodecim =
E. eigh teen.'] I. n. eigne (an or a'ne), a. [A bad spelling, in old < AS. oegther, contr. of Sghwmther (= OFries.
A size of book of which each signature is made law writings, of OF. aisne, ainsnS (F. aine Pr. = eider, aider, orig. *aiel»ceder = OHG.
"eogahwe-
up of 18 folded leaves, making 36 pages to the annatz =
Sp. entenado =
Pg. enteado It. an- = dar, eocahwedar, iogahwedar, iogiwedar, MHG.
signature: commonly written 18»ho. In the Unit- tenaio), < ains, before, +
n(, bom, < L. ante iegeiceder, MG. iquedir, iquedder), either, each,
ed .Statfti the usual size of the 18mo iintrimraed leaf is 4 natus, bom before: see ante- and natal. Cf. contr. of the orig. "d-ge-hwwthei; < d-, ever, in
X 61 inches. The 18mo is troublesome to both printers puisne, ult. < L. post natus.] 1. Eldest: an
and binders, from it« complicated imposition and folding, comp. an indef. prefix equiv. to mod. E. ever-,
and is now little used. epithet used in law to denote the eldest son: + ge-, generalizing prefix, +
hwa;ther, pron.,
n. a. Of the size of a sheet folded into eigh- as, bastard eigne. —
2t. Belonging to the eld- whether: see whether, pron. The forms inter-
teen leaves; consisting of such sheets: as, an est son ; unalienable ; entailed. change in ME., in both the pronominal and
eigliteeiimo page or book. eik^ (ak), n. A
Scotch form of oak. conjunctional use, with ME. awther, anther,
eighteenth (a'teuth'), a- and n. [< ME. 'eighte- eik2 (ek), n. A
Scotch spelling of eke. athir, owther, outlier, other, contr. or (whence
teitde, •ehtetethe, < AS. eahtatedtha = MHG. eikon (i'kon), n. ; pi. eitone* (i'ko-nez). [A di- mod. E. or, the correlative of either, conj.), <
ahtzehende, ahzehende, G. achL:ehnte Icel. dt- = rect transliteration (the L. form "being icon) of AS. dhwcether, contr. dwther, duther, dthor (=
jdndi =
I)an. attende Sw. adertonde =
Skt. = Gr. eUuv, an image: see icon.] likeness; anA OFries. ahwedder, ander, ouder D. ieder = =
ashtdda^ (accented on last syll-)) eighteenth: image; an effigy; particularly, one of the "holy MLG. ieder, ider =
OHG. eohwedar, eowedar,
as eighteen + -th, ordinal suffix: see -M*.] I.
"
images of the Eastern Church. Also written ioweder, MHG. ieweder, iweder, ieder, G. jeder),
a. iiext after the seventeenth : an ordinal nu- icon. either, each, < a-, ever, in comp. an indef. pre-
meral. eikonic, a. See iconic. fix, + hircether, pron., whether: this form being
H. n. 1. The quotient of unity divided by eikosanon (i-ko-sa'ri-on), n. ;
pi. eikosaria (-S). thus identical, with the exception of the prefix
eighteen ; one of eighteeu equal parts of any- [LGr. c'tKoaapiov (NGr. ciisoaapt), < eiKoat =L. ge-, with the first form. Hence, with a nega-
thing; an eighteenth part. —
2. In music, an in- riginti E. twenty.] =
coin of the Eastern
Empire, equal to an obolus. Finlay, Greece
A tive prefixed, neither^ q. v. The regular literary
terval comprehending two octaves and a fourth. pronunciation of according to history
either,
eightfoil (at'foil), n. [< eight +
foil\ leaf; cf. under the Romans. and analog, is eTH^r (and so neither, neSHer)
trefoil, qiuttrefoil, etc.] In her., a plant or grass eikosiheptagram (i'ko-si-hep'ta-gram), n. [< but the dialectal pronunciation alHtr, which
having eight rounded leaves: usually represent- Gr. tiK(iaii-ra, seven and twenty, + ypd/tfia, a preceded the present literary pronunciation
ed as a set figure consisting of a circle from written character.] system of twenty-seven A eTU6r, and the pronunciation iTH^r, which has
which eight small stems radiate, each support- straight lines in space. now some currency even among educated per-
ing a leaf. Also called..double guatrefoil.
...... eildl (eld), ». Scotch form of eld. A sons, all have historical justification.] 1. a.
.fold.' Eight eild^ (eld), a. Not giving milk : as, an eild cow.
+
.

eightfold (at'fold), a. [< eight .^^^^^ -fold.] 1. Being one or the other of two, taken indif-
trmt's the number or quantity. [Scotch.] ferently or as the case requires: referring to
eighth (atth), a. and n. [< ME. eigtthe, eigh tethe, eilding (el'ding), «. Scotch form of elding. A two units or particulars of a class: as, it can
ehtuthe, etc., often contracted (being then like eileton (NGr. pron. e-le-ton'), n.j pi. eileta (-t&'). be done in either way; take either apple; the
the cardinal) eight, eighte, etc., often with Scand. [LGr. etXiiTdv, the corporal, < Gr. ti?J7T<Sf, Attic boat will land on either side.
term., eghterule, egtende, aghtand, ahtand, auch- eiX^A(, rolled, wound, verbal adj. of eli^iv, Attic spirits, when they pleaae,
tande, etc., < AS. eahtotha, ehteotha =
OS. ah- eiXeiv, roll, wind.] In the Gr. Ch., the cloth or Can either sex assume, or both.
todo =
OFries. achtunda D. achtste = =
OHG. covering, anciently- of linen, but now of silk, on Milton, P. L., i. 424.

ahtodo, MHG. nhtode, ahtede, Q. achte Icel. =

which the euchanstic elements are consecrat- 2. Being one and the other of two being both ;

dttandi =
Sw. dttonde Dan. ottende = =
Goth. ed, and which answers therefore to the corpo- each of two taken together but viewed
of two, or
ahtuda, eighth: as eight (AS. eahta, etc.), eight, ral of the Western Church, in the liturgies of Con- separately as, they took seats on either side.
:

+ -th, orAnal suffix: see -fA3.] I. a. Next

stantinople, the unfolding and spreading of the eileton is
immediately followed by the warning to the catechumens
after the seventh: an ordinal numeral. to depart, and by the first prayer of the faithfuL
The aughUne conimandement e« that ** thou sail noghte eimer (i'mftr), n. [O. eimer, bucket.] Ger-
here (alie wjrttnea anjrnea tbi neghteboare." man liquid measure, having a capacity of from
Hampok, Proae TreatUes (E. K T. 8.), p. 11.
2 to 80 United States gallons, out most fre-
And (Ood) iparide not tbe flrst world, bat kept« Koe
tbe eiotke man the M-toregoer <A rightwUneiM. quently from 15 to 18 gallons.
Wydi/, 2 Pet 11. -ein. [ME. -ein, -eyn, -ain, etc. : see -ain, -en.]
TL n. 1. The quotient of unity divided by An archaic form of -ain, -en, preserved in rillein.
eight ; one of eight equal parts of anything. eirach (e'rach), n. [Gwel. eireag.] hen of
In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the
river, was there the tree of life. Rev. xxii. 2.
A The pastor was made to take his seat before the altar,
with his two sacristans, one on either side. Prescott.
[In this use, each or both, according to construction, is
nearly If not quite always to be prefeiTed. Properly.
either refers Indefinitely to one or the other of two (ana
often in actual use, though less accurately, to some one of
any number); each, definitely to every one of two or any
A larger number considered individually a distinctness of
:

sigidflcatlon which ought to be maintained, since Inter-

2. In music: (o) The interval between any tone tho flrst year a pullet. [Scotch.] ;
change of the words (less practised by careful writers
and a tone on the eighth diatonic degree above eird-houset, >>. Same as earth-houM, now than formerly) offers no advantage, but may create
or below it; an octave. (6) A
tone distant by eiret, ". Seo eyre^. ambiguity. Both, two together, one and the other taken
jointly, should be preferred when this is the specific sense
an eighth or octave from a given tone ; an oc- eirenarch, "- See ircnarch. but both and each may often be interchanged. Thus, the
tave or replicate. The eighth tone of a scale eirenicon, eirenikon. See irenicon. camp may be pitched on either side of the stream (on one
is really tne prime or key-note of a replicate eirie, eiry, ». See aery^. or the other side Indilferently); there were two camps,
scale, (c) An eighth-note. —
3. In early Kng. eiselt, n. [Early mod. E. also eyteU; < ME.
eisel, eysel, ausile, aisille, < OP. aisil, aissil,
one on each side ; the camp was pitched on both sides (one
camp, divided) ; there are fine buildings on both sides of
late, an eighth part of the rents for the year, or
the street, or on each side, but not on either side.]
of movables, or both, granted or levied by way vinegar, lUt. < L. cuxtum, vinegar: see ascetic.]
Vinegar. n. pron. 1. One or the other; one of two,
of tax.
taken indifferently.
eighthly (atth'li); adv. [< eighth -/y2.] + in She was lyk thing for hunger deed.
That Ia<I her life onely by breed Bote the bark of that on semede dimmore
tnp i-ighth place ; for or at an eighth tune. Then outher of the other two.
Kneden with eisel strong and egre,
eighth-note (atth'not), n. In musieal ttotatioH, And thereto she was lene and megre. Joteph o/ Arimathie (E. E. T. S.), p. 7.

a note having half the time-value of a quarter- Rom. 0/ the Rote, \. 217. And bothe hostes made to-geder grete ioye, as soone as
note; a quaver: marked by the sign 1^ or C, Like a willing patient, I will drink eyder of tern myght sen other. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), il. 148.
Potions of eyul 'gainst my strong infection. Lepidus flatters both,
or, when grouped, J^ r , T. Shak., Soimets, cxt Of both is flatter'd ;but he neither loves,
eighth-rest In musical notation, f Vinegar was deemed efflcacious In preventing contagion.]
(atth'rest), n. Nor either cares for him. Shak., A. and C, il. 1.
II ri- s t or sign for silence, equal in duration to an eisenrahm (i'zn-rftm), n. [G., lit. iron-cream:
.
2. Each two the one and the
of ; other. [See
fi^'hth-noto: marked by the sign *f. eisen E. iron ; rahm =
AS. rcdm, cream.] The = remarks under I., 2.]
eightieth (a'ti-eth), a. and n. [< ME. 'eigtethe, German name for a variety of hematite having The king of Israel and Jehoshaphat sat either of them
< AS. 'hundeahtigotha (= D. tachtigste =
OHG. a fine scaly structure, greasy feel, and cherry- on his throne. 2 Chron. xvlU. 9.
ahtozogosto, G. achtHgtte,eUi.): as eighty (AS. red color. It leaves a mark on paper, Either'a heart did ache
hundeahtatig, etc.) +
-elh, -th, ordinal suffix: eisodia, ». See isodia. A little while with thought of the old days.
see -f A3.] I. <i. Next after the seventy-ninth eisodicon, eisodikon, n. See isodicon. William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 294.
an ordinal numeral. eisteddfod (i-steiH'vod), n. ; pi. eisteddfodau (i- either (e'?^6r or i'THfer: see either, a., etym.),
n. The
tiuotient of unity divided by eigh-
n. steTH-vod'a). [W., a sitting, a session, assem- conj. [< ME. either, eyther, etc., awther, anther,
ty one of fiKlity equal parts.
; bly, esp. congress of bards or literati, < eistcdd, other, etc., contr. also or, which now prevails as
eightling (at'lina), n. [< eight -ling^.] + A sitting (as a verb, sit, be seated), + mod, a the second form in the correlation either . . .

com|M)un<l or twin crystal consisting of eight circle, inclosure.] An assembly; a meeting: or. Hence, with a negative prefixed, neither,
individuals, snoh ae are common witS rutile. specifically applied to a national assembly or q. V. See either, a. and 2)ron. ] 1 . In one case
117
 " — :; —

either 1868 eke

according to one choice or supposition (in a eject (e-jekt'), ''. '• [< Ij- ejeetus, pp. of eicere, Action of ejectment, in law, a possessory actidn, where-
in the title to real property may be tried and the pos-
series of two or more): a disjunctive conjunc- ejicere', throw out, < c, out, + jacere, throw: session recovered, wherever the party claiming has a
tion, preceding one of a series of two or more al- see jet^, and cf ahjcct, deject, conject, inject,
.
right of entry. .See casual ejector, under casual.
ternative clauses, and correlative with or before etc.] 1. To throw out; cast forth; thrust out; ejector (f-jek'tor), n. One who or that which
the f oUowing clause or clauses. Sometimes, as discharge drive away or expel. ; ejects. Specifically — (a) In ^aw, one who ejects another
in poetry, or is used before the first clause also. We are peremptory, to despatch fromordispossesseshimof hisland. (6) A device for utiliz-
This viperous traitor to eject him hence ing the momentum of a jet of steam or air under pressure
It befallethe sumtyme, that Cristene men beconien
;

Were but one danger. Shak., Cor., iii. 1. to lift a liquid or a finely divided solid,
Saraziues, mith^r for povertee, or for symplenesse, or elles such as sand, dust, or ashes. In the sim-
for here owne wykkeduesse. Mandeoille, Travels, p. 141. Every look or glalice mine eye ejecte
plest form two pipes are placed one
Shall check occasion.
Eithtr he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is In a within the other, the larger one having
joamey, or peradveuture he sleepeth, 1 Ki, xviit 27. B. Jonson, Every Man in his Humour, ii. 1.
a conical shape at the place where the
CAia. Twas he in black and yellow. Specifically —
2. To dismiss, as from office, oc- smaller one enters it. A jet of steam or
air passing from the smaller pipe upward
Duch. Nay, 'tis no iimtter, either for himself cupancy, or ownership ; turn out : as, to eject
Or for the affection of his colours. into the larger pipe tends to cause any
MiddUton, ilore Dissemblers Besides Women, ii. 1.
an unfaithful officer ; to eject a tenant. liquid, as oil or water, within reach to
The French king was again ejected when our king sub- rise in the larger pipe. In oil-wells such
2. In any case ; at all used adverbially, for
:
mitted to the Church. Dryden. a device is used to raise the oil to the
emphasis, after a sentence expressing a nega- Old incumbents in office were ejected without ceremony, surface. In another form of ejector, for
tion of one or two alternatives, or of all alter- to make way for new favorites. lifting water, the smaller pipe enters a
Prctcott, Ferd. and Isa., iL 19. bend of the larger pipe near the top, the
natives: corresponding to too similarly used force of the jet tending to lift water
after affirmative sentences: as, he tried it, and = Sy]l. 1. To emit, extrude.—-2. To oust, dislodge. through the pipe from below. The steam-
didn't succeed; then I tried it, but I didn't eject (e-jekf), n. [< L. ejectum, neut. of ejeetus, ejector is also used to lift ashes from the
succeed, either. That's mine ; no, it isn't, either. pp. ot eicere, ejicere, eject : see eject, v.] That furnace-room of a steamer and to dis-
which is ejected; specifically, in j)A8to«., a re- charge them through a pipe passing over- Ejector.
[Colloq.] board above the water-line. The ejector
ejaculate (e-jak'u-lat), V. ; pret. and pp. ejacu- ality whose existence is inferred, but which is is also used to exhaust the air of a vacuum-brake ; in this
lated, ppr. ejaculating. [< L. ejaculatus, pp. of outside of, and from its nature inaccessible to, case the steam-jet moves a column of air instead of water,
ejaculari (> F. ejaculer = Pg. ejacular), oast the consciousness of the one making the infer- (c) A device for throwing cartridge-shells from a firearm
after firing. The common ejector of single- and double-
out, throw out, < e, out, + jaculari, throw, dart, ence : thus, the consciousness of one individual barreled breech-loaders is a bolt underneath the gun-bar-
< jaculum, a missile, a dart, < jacere, throw is an eject to the consciousness of any other. rel, with a head fitted to the rim of the bore, working au-
see eject, jet^.'] I, tram. 1. 'To throw out; But the inferred existence of your feelings, of objective tomatically back and forth in closing and opening tiie
them similar to those among my feelings,
cast forth ; shoot out ; dart. [Archaic, except groupings among arm ; in the latter movement the head catches against the
and of a subjective order in many respects analogous to rim of the shell and pushes it out of the barrel. There
in technical use.] —
my own these inferred existences are in the very act of are many other devices, as a spring-lever, etc.— Casual
If he should be disposed to do nothing, do you think inference thrown out of my consciousness, recognized as ejector. See casual.
that a party or a faction strong enough ... to ejaculate outside of it, as not being a part of me. I propose, ac- ejector-condenser (e-jek'tor-kon-den's6r), n.
Mr. Van Buren out of the window would permit cordingly, to call these inferred existences ejects, things
thrown out of my consciousness, to distinguish them from In a steam-engine, a form of condenser operated
. . .

him to do nothing? R. Choate, Addresses, p. 337.

phenomena. by the exhaust-steam from the cylinder.
A tall . . gentleman, coming up, brushed so close to ol)jects, things presented inW.myK.consciousness,
.
Clifford, Lectures, II. 72. ejldo (a-he'do), n. [Sp., =
Pg. exido, a common,
me in the narrow passage that he received the full benefit
of a cloud of smoke which I was ejacutating. ejecta (f-jek'ta), n. pi. [L., pi. ot ejectum, neut. < L. exitus, a going out, exit: see exit.] In
B. Taylor, Northern Travel, p. 215. of ejeetus, pp. of eicere, ejicere, eject : see e/eci, v.] Spanish and Mexican law, a common ; a public
2. To utter as an exclamation, or in an ex- Things that are cast out or away ; refuse. inclosed space of land. By the laws of Spain pueblos
or towns an»f their inhabitants were entitled to four square
clamatory manner; utter suddenly and briefly: Dust and other ejecta played but a secondary part in the leagues of land for their general and common use. This
as, to ejaculate a cry or a prayer. production of the phenomena.
tract was called the ejido. In the American law reports
Amer. Meteor. Jour., III. 109.
The Dominie groaned deeply, and ejaculated, "Enor- the word is used in the plural, and spelled variously ejidos,
mous !
Scott, Guy Mannering, xxxix. ejectameuta (e-jek-ta-men'ta), m. ^i!. [L., pi. ehidos, egidos, exidos.
[Of Malay origin.] The fiber of
n. intrans. To utter ejaculations ; speak in of ^ectamentum, that which is cast out, < ejec- ejoo (e'jo), TO.
the gomuti.
an alDrupt, exclamatory manner. tare, cast out : see eject, v.] Things which have

ejaculation (e-jak-u-la'shon), n. [< L. as if been cast out ; ejecta ; refuse. ejulationt (ej-9-la'shon), n. [< L. ejulatio(n-),
< ejulare, also deponent hejulari, wail, lament,
*ejaculatio{n-), < ejaculari, throw out: see ejae- Facts . .indicate that a considerable portion of the
.

new mountain may be composed of ejectamenta. < heu, hei, ei, an exclamation of grief or fear.]
uiate.'] 1 . The act of throwing or shooting out
a darting or easting forth. [Archaic, except
Science, V. 66. An outcry; a wailing; a loud cry expressive of
in technical use.] ejection (e-jek'shon), n. [< L. ejecUo{n-), < ejee- grief or pain; mourning; lamentation.
tus, pp. of eicere, ejicere, eject.] 1. "The act of No ejulation
The Scripture calleth envy an evil eye . . so that still
; .

there seemeth to be acknowledged, in the act of envy, an ejecting, or the state of being ejected^ expul- Tolled her knell ; no dying agony
cjacMiad'oHorirradiation of tlie eye. Bacon, Envy(ed. 1887). sion; dismissal; dispossession; rejection. Frown'd in her death.
J. Beaumont, Psyche, xvili. 53.
2. The uttering of exclamations, or of brief Then followed those tremendous adventures, those perils
by sea, by wreck, by false brethren, by envious searchers Instead of hymns and praises, he breaks out into ejula-
exclamatory phrases ; that which is so uttered. those ejecti07is upon islands, those labours by the way, tiojis and effeminate wailings. Government of the Tongue.
;

The eiaculatioTis of the heart being the body and soule which complete in me the portrait of St. Paul.
of Diuine worship. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 35. Bale, in K. W. Dixon's Hist. Church of Eng., xxi.
ejurationt (ej-8-ra'shqn), n. [< LL. ejuratio^n-),
ejeratio{n-), an abjuring, a resigning, < L. yu-
Which prayers of our Saviour [Mat. xxvi. 39], and others Our first parent comforted himself, after his ejection out
of like brevity, are properly such as we call ejaculations; of Paradise, with the foresight of that blessed seed of the rare, ejerare, abjure, renounce, resign, < e, out,
an elegant similitude from a dart or arrow, shot or thrown woman which should be exhibited almost four thousand -f jurare, swear.] Solemn disavowal or renun-
out. South, Works, II. iv. years after. Bp. Hall, Select Thoughts, § 30. ciation. Bailey, 1727.
When a Moos'lim is unoccupied by business or amuse- Some of these alterations are only the ejections of a eka-. [< Skt. elca, one. Cf. dui-.] In chem., a
ment or conversation, he is often heard to utter some pi- word for one that appeared to him more elegant or more
ous ejaculation. E. W. Lane, Modern Egyptians, I. 359.
prefix attached to the name of an element and
intelligible. Johnson, Pref. to Shakespeare.
forming with it a provisional name for a hypo-
8. Specifically, in physiol. the emission of se- 2. That which is ejected ; matter thrown out or thetical element which, according to the periodic
,

men ; a seminal discharge : as, the vessels of expelled. system of Mendelejeff, should have such proper-
qaeulation. They [laminated beds alternating with and passing into ties as to stand in the same group with the ele-
There is hereto no derivation of the seminal parts, nor obsidian] are only partially exposed, being covered up by
any passage from hence, unto the vessels of ejaculation. modern ejections. Darwin, Geol. Observations, i. 62. ment to which the prefix is made and next to it.
For example, eka-aluminium was the provisional name
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iii. 4. Action of ejection and intrusion, in Scots law, an ac- given by Mendelejeff to a hypothetical element which in
brought when lands or houses are violently taken pos-
ejaculator (f-jak'u-la-tor), n. [< NL. ejaculator, tion session of by another, for the purpose of recovering pos-
the periodic system should have such properties as to stand
< L. e/dCM/oW, throw out : see ejaculate.'] One session witli damages and violent profits. Letters of in the s.ame group as aluminiimi and next to it. The
recently discovered element gallium agrees in properties
who or that which ejaculates gaculator urinse, ejection, in Scots law, letters under the royal signet, au- with those ascril>ed to eka-aluminium, and this name is
ejaculator semlnis, the muscle of the penis which expels thorizing the sheriff to eject a tenant or other possessor now abandoned.
the semen and urine from the urethra. Also called accele- of land who had been decreed to remove, and who had
(ek), V. t.; pret. and pp. elced, ppr. eking.
ratf/r ttriiue. disobeyed a charge to remove, proceeding on letters of eke
ejaculatory (e-jak'u-la-to-ri), a. and re. [= Pg. horning on the decree. .
[Early mod. E. also eelce, eek; < ME. eken, also
It. ejaculatorio, < l^L. ejaculatorius, < ejacula- ejecti've (e-jek'tiv), a. [< e/ect +-iue.] 1. Per- assibilated echen (> E. dial, etch), < AS. ecan
tor: see ejaculator.] I. a. 1. Casting forth; taining to ejection; casting out; expelling. yean, icon (pret. ecte, pp. eced) (= OS. okian,
throwing or shooting out ; also, suddenly shot, It was the one thing needful, I take it, to prove that the ocon =
OHGr. ouhhoti, ouchon, auhhon Icel.=
cast, or darted out. [Archaic, except in tech- sun is an orb possessing intense eruptive or ejective energy. auka (pret. emkadhi) =
Sw. oka =
Dan. oge),
Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XL. 422. increase, cause to grow ; secondary form, prop,
nical use.]
Giving notice by a small bell, so as in 120 half minutes,
2. In philos., of the nature of an eject. [Re- caus. of *edcan (pret. *c<}c, pp. edcen), only in
or periods of the bullet's falling in the ejaculatorie spring, cent.] the pp. edcen (= OS. ocan, giocan), as adj., in-
the clock part struck. Evelyn, Diary, Feb. 24, 1656. This conception symbolizes an indefinite number of creased, enlarged, made pregnant, =
OS. *6can
2. Uttered in ejaculations ; spoken with an in-
ejects, together with one oI>ject which the conception of
each eject more or less resembles. Its character is there-
=
Icel. auka (pret. jok) =
Goth, aukan (pret.
terrupted, exclamatory utterance. fore mainly ejective in respect of what it symbolizes, but
aiauk), intr., grow, increase; =
L. aupere, in-
The Church hath at all times used prayers of all variety, mainly objective in respect of its nature. crease; prob. connected with Gr. av^avetv, av-
long and short, ejaculatory, determined, and solemn. W. E. Clifford, Lectures, II. 74. ^civ, increase, which is akin to E. wax, increase.
Jer. Taylor, Polem. Discourses, Pref. ejectively (f-jek'tiv-li), adv. 1. By ejection. 'Seneeeke,adv.imdconj.] If. To increase; en-
We are not to value ourselves upon the merit of ejaeu-
latory repentances, that take us by tits and starts.
— 2. Inphilbs., as an eject. [Becent.] large; lengthen; protract; prolong.
Mental existence is already known to them ejectively, God myghte not a poynte my joies eehe.
Sir R. L'Bstrange. although, as may be conceded, never thought upon sub- Chaucer, Troilus, ilL 1609.
3t. Sudden; hasty. — 4. In physiol., pertain- jectively. N. A. Rev.,CXL.2U.
Spare, gentle sister, with reproch my paine to eelce.
ing to ejaculation ; pro'viding for the emission ejectment (e-jekt'ment), n. [< eject +
ment.'] Spenser, F. Q., III. vi. 22.
of semen, etc. : as, ejaculatory seminal vessels. An ejecting or casting out ; specifically, a dis-
— Haculatory duct or canal See duet. possession ; the act of dispossessing or ousting. 2. To add to; supply what is lacking to; in-
H.t n. Same as ejaculation, 2. crease, extend, or make barely sufficient by ad-
Driving him [the devil] out, in the face of the whole
Divine ejacuiatorieg, and all those aydes against devils. congregation, by exorcisms and spiritual ejectments.
dition : usually followed hy out: as, to eke out a
Martton, Dutch Courtezan, iv, l. Warburton, Doctrine of Grace, ii. 4. piece of cloth to eke out a performance.
;
 ) ;: ) ;

1S89 Elachlstns
to eke my smarte*
More bent treme of any quality, but especially any extrav- pletion or perfection. -Elaborative faculty, in
Then to reward my trusty true intent, agant or hyperbolical saying. psychol., the intellectual power of discerning relations
She gan for me devise a grievous punishment. and of viewing objects by means of or in relations the ;

Spenser, F. Q., III. vll. 55. Necessitie . . . made him . . . stretch his braines as understanding, as defined by the German philosophers
high as £ (a to see how he could recouer pence to defray the discursive faculty; thought: a phrase introduced by
In order to eke out the present page, I could not avoid his charges. Greene, Never Too Late. SirWilliam Hamilton.
pursuing the metaphor. Goldmnith, The Bee, No. 5.
There are some expressions in it [Dryden's "State of In- elaborator (f-lab'o-ra-tor), n. [= F. elabora-
It waa their custom, from father to son, to eke out the nocence"] that seem straln'd and a note beyond E la. teur, < L. as if "elaborator, < elaborare, elabo-
frugal support derived from this little domain by the busi- Langbaine, Dram. Poets (ed. 1891), p. 72.
ness of a smith, to which the oldest son was habitually rate : see elaborate, ».] One who or that which
brought up. Everett, Orations, II. 5. elaboracy (e-lab'o-ra-si), n. [< elaborate, a.: elaborates.
ME. eke, also assibilated eche, <
see -acij!\ Illaboration. [Rare.] elaboratory (f-lab'o-ra-to-ri), a. and n. [< elab-
eke (ek), n. [<
orate +-ory. As a noun, titter laboratory.] I. a.
AS. edca, an increase, 'edcan, increase: see
< A minute elaboracy of detail.
P. Robinson, Harper's Weekly, June 7, 1884, p. 367. Elaborating; tending to elaborate. [Eare.]
eke, v.l Something added to something else.
Specifically — (a) A short wooden cylinder on whicn a bee- elaborate (f-lab'o-rat), v. ; pret. and pp. elabo- Il.t n. laboratory. A
hire is placed to increase its capacity when the bees have rated, ppr. elaborating. [< L. elaboratus, pp. of He shew'd us divers rare plants, caves, and an elabora-
comb.
flUed it with [Scotch.)
elaborare ( > It. elaborare Sp. Pg. elaborar =
F. tory. =
Evelyn, Diary, Aug. 1, 1665.
Neighbour defines eke as half a hive placed below the '^laborer), labor greatly, work out, elaborate, < In this retreat of mine, shall I have the use of mine
main hive, while a whole hive used in the same way is
called a " nadir." Phin, Diet. Apiculture, p. 31. e, out, +
laborare, labor: see labor, r.] I. trans. elaboratory t Scott, Kenilworth, xviii.

1. To produce with labor; work out; produce elabrate (e-la'brat), a. [< NL. "elabratus, < L.
(6) Same as eking, 2.
eke (ek), adv. and conj. [< ME. eke, eek, ek, ec,
in general. e- priv. labrum, lip: see labrttm.] Having +
< AS. edc =
OS. ok =
OFries. dk D. ook = =
The honey, that is elaborated by the bee, . . . affords a no labrum : an epithet applied in entomology
LG. dk, ok, auk OHG. ouh, ouch, MHG. ouch, great deal of pleasure to the bee herself.
= to the mouth when it has no distinct labrum or
Boyle, Works, II. 355.
G. auch =
Icel. auk =
Sw. och =
Dan. og, and, upper lip, as in the spiders and most IHptera.
Or, in full Joy, elaborate a sigh. Young, Love of Fame.
also, =
Goth, auk, for, also; prob. the adverbial Elacate (e-lak'a-te), n. [NL., < Gr. ij^xiKaTTj, dial.
If the Orchideae had elaborated as much pollen as Is pro- T/Z-aKara, aXaadra, a distaff.] The typical genus
ace. of a noon (cf. Icel. at auk, besides, to boot,
duced by other plants, relatively to the number of seeds
AS. to edcan, besides, moreover), < AS. "edcan, which they yield, they would have had to produce a most of fishes of the famUy Elacatidce. E. canada is a
food-flah of the Atlantic coast of North America and the
etc., increase: see eke, v.] Also: likewise; in extravagant amount, and this would have caused exhaus- West Indies, reaching a length of 5 feet and a weight of
addition. [Obsolete or archaic] tion. Darwin, Fertil. of Orchids by Insects, p. 288. from 15 to 20 pounds. It is variously known as the ser-
The emperour & eek sibile spoken prophesie. Specifically —
2. To improve or refine by suc- geant-Jish, coaljish, bonito, cubby-yew or cobia, and cra6-
eater. See cut under cob(a.
And thei acordiden bothe in feere. cessive operations ; work out with great care
Hymns to rirjrin, etc. (E. E. T. 8.), p. 45. work up fully or perfectly. elacatid (e-lak'a-tid), n. fish of the family A
Elacatidce.
Up Vt» rose, ap rose the lyon eke. There has been up to the present day an endeavour to
Spenser, F. (J., I. UL 21. explain every existing form of life on the hypothesis that Elacatidffi
(el-a-kat'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Ela-
A traln-band captain eke was he it has been maintained for long ages in a state of balance cate -idee.] +
family of scombrrform fishes, A
Of famous London town. Cowper, John Gilpin. or else on the hypothesis that it has been elaborated, and of fusiform shape, with depressed head, smooth
is an advance, an improTement, upon its ancestors.
scales, lateral line concurrent with the back,
ekeberglte (ek'e-b*rg-it), ». [After the Swed- B. R. Lankester, Degeneration, p. 29.
A
variety of scapo- eight free spines representing the first dorsal
ish mineralogist £keberg.'] Often ... a speaker's thought is not weighty enough fin, a long second dorsal and anal fin, and acute-
lite. to sustain elaborated style of any kind, and, least of all,
(ek'nam), n. [ME. ekename, ekitame elaborated imagery. A. Phelps, English Style, p. 285. ly lobed tail. The cranium is also characteristic. The
ekenamet type is the cobia or sergeant-fish, Elacate Canada. See
(= Icel. auknafn = Sw. oknamn = Dan. ope- II. intrang. To be or become elaborate ; be cut under cobia.
rtavn), an added name, < eke, an addition, in- elaborated. [Bare.] elacatoid (e-lak'a-toid), a. and n. I. a. Of or
crease, eton, add, + name, name : see eke and
This custom [of borying a dead man's movables with pertaining "to the Elacatidte.
name. Hence, by misdividing an ekename as a
him] elaborates as social development goes through its n. n. An
elacatid.
nekename, the form nickname, q. v.] An added earlier stages. //. Speneer, Prin. of Sociol., i 103.
elachert (el'a-ch^rt), n. Same as degote.
name; an epithet; a nickname. Bee nickname. elaborate (e-lab'o-rat), a. [= F. 6labori Sp. = Elachistea (el-a-kis'te-ft), n. [NL., < Gr. e^-
We have thousand* of instances ... of such eke-names Pg. elabora'do =; It.' elaborato, < L. elaboratus, X'trrof, superl. oK eXa;i;i>f, "small.] A
small genus
or epithet-names being adopted by the person concerned. of olive-brown filamentous marine algie, be-
pp.: see the verb.] Wrought with labor ; fin-
AretuBoioffia, XUII. 110(1871).
ished with great care and nicety of detail much ; longing to the Phaosporea; whieh grow in small
ekia (e'ki-ft), n. The wild African dog. studied execut«d with exactness ; highly fin-
; tufts attached to other algae, especially Fucaceee.
eking (e'kmg), n. [Also ekeing; early mod. E. ished as, an elaborate discourse; an elaborate
:
The basal part of the tuft is composed uf densely packed
branching filaments, which at the surface branch corym-
also eeking; < ME. 'eking, echinge ; verbal n. of performance.
bosely, so as to form a layer of short fllanienta(paraphyseB).
eke, c] 1. The act of adding. The Expressions are more florid and elaborate in these At the base of the latter are bunie the sporangia and a
I dempt there much to have eeked mj store. Descriptions than in most otlier Part* of the Poem. series of long, unltranched filaments. Elachistea /ucicola
But such eekittg hath made my hart sore. Addison, Spectator, No. S21. la the commonest species in Great Britain and America.
Spenser, Shep. CaL, Scptemlwr. His style would never have been elegant ; but it might Elachistlnffi (el'a-kis-ti'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Ela-
2. That which is added. SpeciOcally —(a) A piece of at least hare been manly and perspicuous ; and nothing chistiis + -tH(r.] A subfamily of insects, of the
wood fitted to make good a deficiency in length, as the but the moat elaborate care could possibly have made it ?arasitic hymenopterous family Chalddidte.
end of a laiee of a tblp and the like. so bad as it is. Macautay, Mitford^s Hist Greece. hey have four-jointed tarsi, slender hind thighs, distinct
Ekeing is the name given to the timber which, resting What an elaborate theory have we here. parapsides, and a submarginal vein reaching the costa
upon the shelf, ekes out or fills up the spacea between the Ingeniously nursed ap, pretentiously without a break. The species are all parasitic, and some
apron and the foremost beam, and between the stem post Brought forth Brouming, Ring and Book, 1. 177.
I of the larvai spin Irregiilar cocoons, differing in this re-
and aftermoat beam— the deck hook and deck transom spect from most other Chalcididcs.
= ftjm. labored, wrought
perfected, highly
. . connecting the two sides.
.
elaborately (e-lab'o-r&t-li), adv. In an elab- f
EiadliBtodon (el-a-kis'to-don), n. [NL., < Gr.
TkearU, Naval Arch., i 210. /ajtiarof superl. oif ilaxtk, small, + odoif (orfoir-),
orate manner; with elaboration ; with nice re-
,

(&) The carved work under the lower part of the quarter- tooth.] A genus of Indian colubriform serpents
piece of a ship at the aft part of the quarter-galleiy. Also gard to exactness.
of the subfamily Dasypeltince, having esopha-
eke. I beleeve that Ood is no more niov'd with a prayer elab-
orately pend, then men truely charitable are mov'd with
geal teeth formed by enameled processes of cer-
eklogite, <•• See eclogite. vical vertebne projecting into the gullet (as in
the peiiM speech of a Bagger. Milton, Eikonoklastes, xxiv.
elH, n. An obsolete spelling of ellX.
the genus Dasypeltis), but smooth scales, head
el-, n. See elP. elaborateness (S-lab'd-r&t-nes), n. The qual-
little distinct from the body, a grooved maxil-
el-. [L. el-, < Gr. i>^, assimilation of h- before ity of being elaborate, or wrooght with great
lary tooth, and a loreal plate. E. westermanni
A.] An
assimilated form of en-^ before I, as labor.
is an example. Reinhardt, 1863.
in el-lijnge. Yet it [the " Old Batchelor ") is apparently composed
(el-a-kis'tus), n. ||NL. (Spinola,
-el^. [ME. -el, < AS. -el, a noon-snffix, prob. with great elaborateness of dialogue, and incessant ambi- ElachisttlB
tion of wit Johnson, Congreve. 1811), < Gr. iyixunof, superl. of e^xixvc, small.]
orig. same as -ere, E.'-er. Cf. -al, -ar, and see The typical genus of ElachisHnte (which see),
-lei. See-er^.] A suffix of Anglo-Saxon origin, elaboration (e-lab-5-ra'shon), n. [= F. Elabo-
forming noims, originally denoting the agent, ration =
Sp. ehibordcion ="Pg. elaboracHo It. =
from verbs, as in runnel: in modem English, elaborazione, < L. elaboratio{ri-), < elaborare:
except after n, usually written 4e, as in bead-le, see elaborate.'] 1. The act of elaborating, or
beetJe^, beet-W^, etc. See -iei. working out or producing production or for- ;

-el2. [(1) OF. -«I, mod. -el,

-eau, m., -eUe, t, < L. mation by a gradual process as, the elabora- :

-ellus, -ella, -ellum, parallel to -iUus, etc., being tion of sap by a tree.
ngnally dim. -{u-«, with assimilation of a preced- Elaboration is a gradual change of structure, in which
ing consonant. The suffix -( (-lo-, -lus, -el, etc. the organism becomes adapted to more and more varied
is a common Indo-European formative, with and complex conditions of existence.
E. R. Lankester, Degeneration, p. 32.
different U8es,diminutive, agential, or adjective.
It appears also in -l-et, q. v. (2) See -al, etc.] 2. The act of working out and finishing with
1. A
suffix originally and still more or less di- great care and exactness in detail the act of ;

minutive in force, sometimes of Teutonic ori- improving or refining by successive processes;

gin, as in hatch-el {= hatde-U, heck-le), but usually painstakuig labor.
of Latin origin, as in ehap-el, cup-el, (unn-«(, It is not my design in these papers to treat of my sub-
etc. 2. — A
suffix of various origin, chiefly Latin. ject ... to the full elaboration. Boyle, Works, IV. 696.

B8 in ehatt-el, ehann-el, kenn-eP, etc. (where it 3. Labored finish or completeness; detailed

represents Latin -ali$, E. -al), fenn-el, funn-el, execution careful work in all parts as, the ; : Etaekistus eaeetcUi. ( Cross shows natural size.

etc. See these words. elaboration of the picture is wonderful.

characterized by the one-spurred hind tibiw
E laf (e la). In medieval music, the second E elaborative (e-lab'o-r»-tiv), o. Serving, tend-
and metallic colors, in Europe so species have been
above middle C so named by Guido, in whose ing, or having power to elaborate working out
: ;
described, ami in North America B the latter are para-
;

system it was the highest tone: hence often with minute attention to completeness and to sitic upon tortrlcid larv». Sometimes wrongly spelled
tued by the old dramatists to denote the ex- details ; laboriously bringing to a state of com- EUichestus.
 ; !

Elseagnacese 1860 Elanoides

Elseagnaces (el'e-ag-na'se-e), [NL., B. pi about 30 species, sparsely scattered through elaiodic (el-a-od'ik), a. [< Gr. i>jii6Sji^, oily (see
+'
< Eltauiiius + -aeew.] small natural order A tropical regions. E. croceum furnishes the saffron- Kla-.odea), -ic.'\ Derived from castor-oil as, :

of apetalous exogens, scattered over the north- wooti of Natal. E. glaucum is a native of Ceylon and elaiodic acid.
Coromandel, and is icnown by the name of Ceylon tea. Same
em nemisphere. They are trees or shrubs, covered Elseodes (el-e-6'dez), n. [NL. (Eschseholtz, as
elaiometer (el-a-om'e-tfer), «. as elceom-
with silvery or brown scales, and having alternate or op- etcr.
posit* leaves, and small white or yellow Howers. There Eleodes), < Gr. i/.aiMtig, contr. of c?Mioeidr/g, oily, elaldehyde [< Gr. l)i.(ainv),
(e-lal'de-hid), n.
are only 3 genera, JCteewrnuj^, Ilii>i^>phae^ and Shep/ierdui, < £?Miov, olive-oil, oil, +
eiiSof, appearance.] A oil, -1- In chem., a solid polymeric
tildehydc.'i
including alwut 20 species, of which 4 are American. genus of beetles, of the family Teiicbrioiiidie, modification of acetaldehyde, containing three
Elseagnus (el-e-ag'nus), n. [NL., < Gr. iTialay- containing large species with the tarsi spinose
i>of,'a Boeotian mareh-plant, perhaps
molecules in one. Perhaps identical with par-
jof or f /.fo) or setose, and the connate elytra partly em-
myrica, sweet gale, < fAa/a, olive-tree, + ijvof, bracing the body: so called from the oily fluid
aldehyde.
equiv. to Xi'yof, a willow-Uke tree: see agnus Elamite (e'lam-it), n. and a. [< Elam (see def.)
discharged by the insects when iiTitated. There 4- -(7e2.] 1, n. An inhabitant of ancient Elam,
castas, under agtitis.'i A genus of shrubs or are about 50 species, all of the United States, where they
small trees, the type of the order Elaagnacece, take the place of the species of Ulaps in the old world. a country east of Babylonia, commonly regard-
of about 20 species. The fruit, sometimes edible, is E. obscura and E. gigantea are examples ; the latter is \\ ed as corresponding nearly to the old province
a spurious drupe formed of the fleshy calyx-tube inclosing inches long. The fluid, as in Blaps, is secreted by two of Susiana in Persia (now Khuzistan).
glands near the anus, and is sometimes ejected to a dis- II. a. Pertaining to Elam or the Elamites.
tance of three or four inches. It has a penetrating and
indescribably offensive odor. Also spelled Eleodes. elampt (e-lamp'), V. i. [< L. e, out, E. lamp: +
see ?a»jj).] To shine.
elaeodochon (el-f-od'o-kon), «.; pi. ela'odocha
As when the cheerful sun, elamping wide,
(-kii)- [^ Gr. e?Mio66xo( or -66ko(, holding oil, <
Glads all the world with his uprising ray.
ihiiov, olive-oil, oil, -I- ScxcoBac, MKcaBai, receive, G. Eleteher, Christ's Victory and Triumph, i.
contain.] The uropygial gland or rump-gland This, indeed, is deformed by words neither English nor
of a bird; the oil-gland, a kind of sebaceous Latin, l)ut simply barbarous, as elamping, eblazon, depros-
foUicle saddled upon the pope's-nose at the trate, purpured, glitterand, and many others.
Hallaiii, Introd. Lit. of Europe, iii. 5.
root of the tail.
It is composed of 61an (a-lon'), n. [F., < elancer, shoot, incite,
numerous slender refl. rush forward, dash: Beeelance.l Ardor in-
tubes or follicles,
spired by enthusiasm, passion, or the like ; dash.
which secrete the
greasy fluid, aud elance (e-lans'), v. t. [< F. ^lancer, < e- (L. e),
the ducts of which, out, +
lancer, dart, hurl, < lance, a lance.] To
uniting successive- throw or shoot hurl dart. [Rare.] ; ;
ly in larger tubes,
flnally open by one While thy uneiTing hand elanc'd
or more pores, com- Another, and another dart, the people
monly upon a little Joyfully repeated lo
nipple-like eleva- Prior, tr. of Second Hymn of Callimachus.
tion. Birds press Elanee thy thought, and think of more than man.
out a drop of oil Young, Night Thoughts, ix.
with the beak, and
{Eiaa^us angiisti/otia). dress the feathers eland (e'land), n. [< D. eland, an elk (in South
Flowering Branch of Oleaster
a, fruit b, section of same. with it,in the opera- -Africa applied to the eland), G. elend, elen =
;

tion called preen- Top of Pope's-nose of a Skua Gull {Sterco- (> P. Man), elendthier, elk, < Lith. elnis Pol. =
the one-seeded nut. .Several species are cultivated for ing. The gland is
large and always
rariits parasiticus).
E, elaeodochon, or oil-gland, with circlet
jelen' =
OBulg. jeleni, elk. See e^-l.] 1. The
their ornamental silvery-scurfy foliage, especially the ole- of feathers C, C, upper tail-coverts ; R, Cape elk, Oreas canna, a large bubaline ante-
aster, E. angxKtifolia, of Europe, and several variegated present in aquatic ;

quills of two central tail-feathers, or rec-

varieties from Japan. The silver-berry, E. argeiUea, with birds, which have trtces.
silvery berries, is a native of northern America.
need of a water-
plumage it is smaller in land-birds, as a rule, and
[NL., so named in reference proof
;

Elsis (e-le'is), n. wanting in some. The character of tlie elffiodochon,

to palm-oil, yielded by the African species, < whetlier it be bare or surmounted by a circlet of fea-
Gr. i^iov, olive-oil, oil in general, < e?xiia, the thers, distinguishes various natural groups of birds.
olive-tree see oil and olive!]
: A
genus of palms, elseolite (e-le'o-lit), «. [< Gr. llaiorv, olive-oil,
of 3 or 4 species, found in Africa and tropical oil, + A/Oof, a stone.] coarse massive variety A
South America, with low stems and pinnate of nephelite, of a waxy, greasy luster, and pre-
leaves. The fruit is red or yellow, consisting of a fleshy senting various shades of green, gray, and red.
and oleaginous pericarp surrounding a hard nut. The oil- The predominance of soda in its composition renders its ««?3P"
palm of Africa, E. Guineemnf!, Is common along the west- alteration a frequent source of zeolites, as thomsonite.
em coast, where the oil obtained from the fruit forms an Also elaolite.
article of food and export. It is also cultivated in Brazil elaeolite-syenite (e-le'o-lit-si'e-nit), n. rock A
and elsewhere. See palm-oil. composed essentially of the minerals elseolite
Elaenia (e-le'ni-a), n. [NL. (Sundevall, 1835, and orthoclase, and having a granitoid struc-
in the form Eldinia).'] extensive genus of An ture. With these minerals are very commonly associat-
small olivaceous flycatchers of Central Ameri- ed others in lesser quantity, such as plagioclase, augite, Eland {Oreas canna).
ca, of the family Tyrannidce, sometimes giving hornblende, biotite, magnetite, apatite, zircon, sodalite,
name to a subfamily Elceniinm. There are about 20 and sphene. The most important and classic occurrence lope of South Africa, standing 5 feet high at
spec'es of Elixnia proper, such as E. pagami, E. placeng, of elajolite-syenite is in southern Norway, where it is the
repository of many interesting minerals and of several of
the vrithers, and weighing from 700 to 900
etc. The name o( the genus refers to the prevailing oliva- pounds. Its flesh is much prized, especially the hams,
ceous coloration of the species. Also written Elainia, the very rare metals, such as yttrium, cerium, niobium, etc.
Varieties of this rock containing considerable zircon have which are dried and used like tongue. It has in conse-
Elania, Elcenea.
been frequently designated as zircon-si/enite ; a variety quence been almost extirpated in the neighborhood of
Elaeniinae (e-le-ni-i'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Elcmia from Miask, Russia, with much mica, is known as miascite Cape Colony, where it formerly abounded. Also called elk.
+ -ituB.'] A
subfamily of Tyrannidm, named one from Mount Foya in Portugal, which was supposed Our party was well supplied with eland flesh during our
from the genus EUenia. The bill is in most cases to contain hornblende, as foyaite; and one from Ditro passage through the desert and it being superior to beef,
;

compressed and but sparingly bristled, contrary to the in Transylvania, containing sodalite and spinel, as ditroite. and the animal as large as an ox, it seems strange that it
rule in Tyrannidce ; the feet are feeble and the wings gen-
elaeometer (el-e-om'e-t6r), n. [< Gr. elaiov, has not yet been introduced into England. Livingstone.
erally short. The prevailing colors are olive greens and
olive-oil, oil, + 'fierpov, a measure.] A hydrom- 2. A name sometimes used for the moose.
browns, whence the birds are collectively known as olive-
tyrants. They are distributed over all the Neotropical eter for testing the purity of olive- and al- elanet (el'a-net), n. [< Elanus + dim. -et.] A
region, reacliing to the border of the United States. The mond-oils by determining their densities. Also kite or gle'de of the genus Elanus. G. Cmier.
limits of the subfamily are not fixed ; Sclater admits 19 [NL. (G. E. Gray,
genera. Also Ebmwhue, Elceiiince, Elaineinoe, Elaininte.
claiometer. Elanoides (el-a-noi'dez), n.
elseoblast (e-le'o-blast), n. [< Gr. ilmov, oil, + elseoptene (el-f-op'ten), n. [< Gr. IXaiov, olive- 1848, after VielUot, 1818), < Elanus Gr. tWof.] +
oil, oil, + nrrjvS^, winged.] The liquid portion A genus of birds, of the family Falconidw; the
germ.] In zool. the urochord of certain
jS'/MOTdg, ,
of volatile oils, as distinguished from the con- swallow-tailed kites. The tail is extremely long and
ascidians; a rudimentary notochord, occurring
crete or crystaUizable portion, called stearop- deeply forflcate, the wings are long and pointed, the feet
in the embryos of the salps.
tene (which see). Also elaopten, oleoptene.
The placenta becomes more sharply marked off from the (e-le-o-sak'a-rin), a. [< Gr.
body of the embryo, at the posterior end of which a struc- elaeosaccharine
ture known —
the equivalent of the note-
as the elceoblast f/.aiov, olive-oil, oil, oaKxapov, sugar.] Con- +
chord — makes appearance. .
its The embryo is bom taining both oil and sugar.
. .

as a small fully developed salpa, which, however, still elaic (e-la'ik), a. [< Gr. cTixuKd^, < tTuita, the
possesses the remains of the placenta and the elceoblast.
Claris, Zoology (trans.), II. 107.
olive-tree: see oUve.~\ Same ae oleic.
elaidate (e-la'i-dat), n. [< elaidic -ofel.] In +
elaeoblastlc (e-le-o-blas'tik), a. [< elwohlast +
cliem., a salt formed by the union of elaidic
-tc.] Pertaining to the elseoblast acid with a base.
; composing
the eleeoblast: as, elceoblastic cells.
elaidic (el-a-id'ik), a. [< Gr. tkat( {cTjiiS-),
Elaeocarpus (e-le-o-kar'pus), equiv. to i'Aaia, the olive-tree, + -ic] Of or
n. [NL., < Gr.
i'/Ma, the olive-tree, -I- Kapird^, fruit.] A
genus pertaining to oleic acid or elain Elaidic acid,
of trees and shrubs, of the order Tiliacew, con- CjyH;i402, a fatty acid fonning crystalline leaflets, ob-
taining 50 species, natives of India and Aus- tained from oleic acid by adding nitrous or hyponitrous
tralia and the intervening islands. They have acid.
simple leaves and racemes of small flowers. The fruit is elaidin, elaidine (e-la'i-din), «. [< Gr. iy.aiq
an oblong or gloliose drupe, consisting of a rough bony (iX«((5-), the olive-tree, + -in^, 4ne^.] In chem.,
nut surrounded by a fleshy pulp. In India the fruit of Swallow-tailed Kite {Elanoides forjicatus),
several species is used in curries, or pickled like olives.
a fatty substance, white, crystalline, produced
Some species of Australia and New Zealand yield a light by the action of nitric acid upon certain oils, are small, and the bill is simple. The genus is related to
but very tough wfjod. especially castor-oil. yauclerus, of which it is held by some to be a subgenus.
The type is the swallow-tailed kite of the Ihiited States,
Elaeodendron (e-le-o-den'dron), n. [NL., < Gr. elain, elaine (e-la'in), n. [= F. Maine ; < Gr. which is white with a glossy-black mantle, » ings, and tail,
i'/Mia, the olive-tree, Shdpov, a tree.] + ce- i'Aaia, olive-oil, oil, A
-irfi, -ine^.'] The liquid + and about two feet long, the tail forming more than half
lastraoeous genus of small trees or shrubs, of principle of oils and fats: same as olein. the length when full-grown.
 :

Elanns 1661 Elasmognatims

[NL. (Savigny, 1809), < bles setigeroos, and the antennce free at the base. About elasmapodoUS (el-as-map'6-dus), (7. Pertaining
Elanns (el'a-nus), H.
A?'*""^!!. i?.
"', *'"'"'
Gr. i>Mmeiv',' drive, set in motion: see elastic.^ w,^'^,''i''\i"%'"'°'™',-,"
nparttis, about a quarter of h"?'*"
an inch long, is a
to
common _, t]je
. ,,-',._, Also
Jiiasmapoda. elasmapod.
, r-i>T « t^t
A genus of small milvine birds, of the fam- European species. ElasHUSe (e-las'mi-e), n. pi. [NL. ; ef. Elas-
ily FtUeonida; the pearl kites. They have a elapiure (el'a-fui-), «. Elaphuriis.'^
[<. large A »j«s.] A group of tineid moths. i?u6«er, 1816.
w«ak bill and claws ; very short tarsi, feathered part Elasminse (el-as-mi'ne), n. pi. [NL. (How-
deer, £?a;)Aur'M« dat-tdianus, of northern China,
way down in front, but elsewhere fluely reticulate ; Ions,
remarkable for the strong development and ard, 1886), \ Elasmus + -inoe.~\ A subfamily of
pointed winsrs ; short, square, or emarginate tail, with
broad feathers ; and white coloration in part, tinged with branching of the brow-antler and an inverse Chalcididce, represented by the genus Elasmus,
pearl-gray, and relieved by black in masses. There are reduction of the other antlers, but otherwise having four-jointed tarsi and swollen hind
several species in wann and temperate countries. The related to the red deer and other species of the thighs. Also Elasmoidee.
black-winged kite, E. melanopterug, is an example. The
wliite-talled kite, E. qlaueu* or E. lencumt, is a common
genus Cervus. elasmobranch (e-las'mo-brangk), a. and n. I.
binl of the southern United States. ElaphnrtlS (el-a-fii'rus), n. [NL. (Milne-Ed- a. Pertaining to or having the characters of the
elaolite (e-la'o-Ut), n. Same as eUeolite. wards), < Gr. iAoipoc:, the stag, + ovpd, tail.] A Elasmoiranchii.
elaopten {ol-aK)p'ten), n. Same as elwoptene. genus of Cervidce related to the stag, but having H. n. A vertebrate of the group Elasmo-
Elaptaidion (el-a-fid'i-on), n. [NL. (Serville, a longer tail and inversely developed antlers. branchii.
1SS4), < Ur. e'/jujlof, a deer, + dim. suffix -Ifiov.) See elaphure. elasmobrancMan, elasmobrancliiate (e-las-
A genus of lougieom beetles, of the family Ce- Elaphus (el'a-fus), n. [NL. (Hamilton Smith, mo-brang'ki-an, -ki-at), a. and n. Same as
ram^ctcte, containing species of moderate or 1827), < Gr. e/io^, a stag.] A gen
genus of Cervidw, elasmobraiich"
containing such large deer as the American Elasmobranchii (e-las-mo-brang'ki-i), n. pi.
elk or wapiti, E. (Cervus) canadensis. See cut [NL., < Gr. e?Mafi6( or cAaa/la, a metal plate (see
J
£;as»n(s), -I- /3pdy;fia, gills.] A class, subclass,
...•
under wapiti.
elapid (el'a-pid), n. A serpent of the family or order of fishes, otherwise known as Chon-
Elapidie. dropterygii and Selachii, including the sharks
Elapids (e-lap'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Elaps, the and skates so named from the lamellar bran- :

typical genus, -1- -idee.'] A

family of venomous
serpents, of the suborder Proteroglypha, order
Ophidia, t^Tjified by the genus Elaps. They have
poison-glamis and gro<ivetl poison-fangs, behind which are
osually solid hooked teeth, the palatine and pterygoid
bones and the lower jaw having teeth also. The tail is not
chiae, or plate-like gills. These lamellifonn gills are
fl.\edboth at their distal .ind proximal ends, so that they
separate the branchial cavity into as many chambers as
there are branchise. The group is characterized by the
cartilaginous skeleton, with the cranial elements not su-
tured together the usually heterocercal tail, with the
;

/tafkuiioM faralUlum, natural size. compressed, Species inhabit tropical and warm temper- spinal column running into the upper lobe the presence ;

of pectoral and ventral fins; the mouth generally interior,

a, larva ; h, ting split open, showing inclosed pupa k, severed end
; ate regions of both hemispheres. Among them are the
of twig: c, beetle f, Itasal >Dints of an antenna, showing ttie char-
;
most poisonous of snakes, as the Indian cobra, Saja tri-
acterlstk spines at the tip of the third ami founb joints /, tip of ely-
tron ; d,t,/,g.k, head, maxilla, labtom. mandible, and antenna of Ciaiu,
;
and the Egyptian asp, N. haje. Others are much
larva. to be dreaded, as the l>arle<|uin-snake of the United
States, ^aptfulviua. There are upward of 20 genera and
large size, with moderately long spinose anten- nnmeroas species. The family is restricted by Cope to
forms lacking postfrontal bones, when most of the ser-
nfB and rounded thorax. Abont SO ipetHe* are known,
pents usually placed in it are brought under Xajida (which
all from North .\iiierica and the West Indies. E. parol-
see). MtoElapndO!. See cuts under asp, cobrade-eapello,
Utum is a coiiiiiioi) Hfiecies in the northern and eastern and eoral-tnakf.
United States, atniut half an iiu-h lon^, and ashy-brown in
elapidstioil (e-lap-i-da'shon), n. [< L. elapi-
color ; its larva bores into oak atxl hickory. Also Elaphi-
diuiH, datus, cleared from stone, K e, out, + lapidatus,
elaphine (el'a-fin), a. [< NL. eJapkus, < Gr. e?M- pp. of lapidare, throw stones at, < lupis{lapid-),
fof, a deer : see EUiphus.'\ Pertaining to the red a stone; cf. dilajHdate.'] clearing away of A
deer, Cenma elaphus, or to that section of the stones. Bailey, 1731. [Rare.]
genus Cervus which this species represents. elapoid (cl'a-poid), a. [< Elaps -oid."] Re- +
Elaphodus (e-laf'o-dus), n. [NL. (Milne-Ed- sembli:^; a serpent of the genus Elajis; be-
wards, 1872), irregl < Gr. l?Jx^, a, deer, fJA>r, +
longing or related to the Elapidw; cobriform,
form.] A genus of mnntjacs or CervuliiuE of not crotaliform, as a venomous serpent.
China, represented by Michie's tufted deer,iV<j- Elaps (e'laps), n. [NL., a var. of elops, < L.
elops: see Elops.] genus of venomous ser-A
pents, giving name to the family Elapidte, hav-
Vif two nasal plates. The species are beautifully
ringed with -black and red, and some of them are called
coral-snakes, as E. eoraUina of tropical America, and
harlequin-snakes, as E./vlviut of North America. See cut
under coral-make.
elapae (f-laps'), v. i. ; pret. and pp. elapsed, ppr.
elapsing. [< L. clapsus, pp. of ehibi, glide away, <
e, out, away, +
labi, glide, fall: see lapse.] 1.
To slide, slip, or glide away ; pass away with
or as if with a continuous gliding motion : used
of time. Brain of Skate l/taia batis), an elasmobranchiate fish.

Several years elaptd before such a vacancy offered It- W, from above: r, a, cerebral hemispheres, united
olfactory bulbs :

self by the death of the archprlest of Vzeda.
Pracott, Ferd. and Isa., 11. 5.
2t. To pass out of view or consideration; suffer
lapse or neglect.
Such great acts do facilitate our pardon, and hasten the
restitution, and in a few days comprise the elapted duty
in the middle line : *, thalamencephalon ^ c, mesencephalon ; rf, cere-
bellum ; aa, plaited bands formed by the restiform bodies ; /, //,
/p', y, first (olfactory), second (optic), fourth, and fifth pairs of cere-
bral nerves ; /, medulla oblongata j w, a blood-vessel. B. from be-
low, in part enlarged ! ck. optic chiasm : A, pituitary body ; n and
V, vessels connected with k; k, saccus vasculosus; p, pyramids of
medulla oblongata ; a, I. //, y, same as in ^.
or on the under surface of the head the gill-pouches and ;

of many months. Jer. Tat/lor, Works (ed. 1836), I. 189.

slits usually 6, sometimes 6 or 7, generally with an equal
Tidted Dcet (f /a/AWtar mtcMtrnmiu). The act of number of external apertures, but in the Ilolocephali with
elapse (f-laps'), n. [< elapse, v.]
[Bare.] only one on each side ; the optic nerves chiasmal the ;
passing;' lapse.
pkodut michianut, formerly called Loohotragwi, intestine with a spiral valve, and the arterial cone with
having onbrancbed antlers and no frontal cu- To sink themselves [the Pietistsl into an entire repose pluriserial valves and the skin either naked, or with pla-
;

taneous glands. and tranquillity of mind. In this state of silence to at- coid scales, forming shagreen or other armor. The division
tend the secret elap— and flowinga in of the Holy Spirit, of the group varies it is now usually divided into two sub-
;

Elaphomyces (el-a-fom'i-sez), n. [NL., < Or. that may flU their minds with peace and consolation, joys classes, lliilocephali and Plagiottomi, the latter including
adeer, + inioK, a mushroom.] A genus
i'fMf<K, orraptures. .ildd>son,Ban>arksonItaly(ed. Bohn), 1.531. the sliarks and the rays.
of subterranean fungi, belonging to the IVie- After an elapt of year*. Elasmodectes (c-las-mo-dek'tez), n. Same as
raceCB. ElaphomyteM frrannlatwi, the common species, AnnaU qf Pha. and Pmn., I. 533. Elasmoqnathus, 2.
produces nearly spherical tuber-like conceptacles, vary-
ing from the size ot a baielnut to that ot a walnut. The Elapsids (e-lap'si-de), n.pf. [NL., < Elaps + Elasmo'don (e-las'mo-don), n. [NL., < Gr. tAaa-
surface is eorered with fine -iVte.] Same as Elapidte. a thin plate (see Elasvius), + otSofcf (odovr-)
//of,
warts. The contents consist elapslon (e-lap'shon), n. [< elapse -ion.] The + = E. tooth.]^ A „genus of elephants,
.
the same . . >

chiefly of the black spores, net of elapsing ; lapse. E. Phillips, 1706. [Rare.] as Elephas proper, or Enclephas, containing the
from 1 to 8 in each ascus. Asiatic as distinguished from the African ele-
elaqneate (e-lak'^we-at), «. t. : pret. and pp.
Elaphrids (e-laf 'ri-de), elaqucated, ppr. elaqueating. [< L. elaqueatus, phant of the genus Loxodon : so named by Fal-
u. pi. [NL., < Elaph-
rus +
-itUe.] A family pp. of elaqueare, disentangle, < e, out, laqueiis, + coner from the laminar pattern of the molars.
a snare.] To disentangle. Coles, 1717. [Rare.] See first cut under elephant.
of Coleoptera, named Elasmognatha (el-as-mog na4ha),M.pf. [NL.,
Elaslpoda(el-a-8ip'6-da), n.pZ. [NL.] Same
from the genus Elaph- " neut.fl. otElasmognathm: Beeelasmognathous.]
iiH Elixmaunda.
'

rus. Also Elaphriaea, In conch., a section of terrestrial pulmonate

Same
elasmapoa(e-las'ma-pod),a.andn. I, a.
Elaphrides. " gastropods in which the jaw is elasmognathous.
as elii.-majiodoHS.
Elaphms (e-laf'ms), n. It includes the family ««mmt(f«!.
[.NL. fFabricins, 1801), II ji. A member of the .B?<«t»mpodo.
na-thus), a. [<
< Cir. i//i^p6i, light in Elasmapoda (el-as-map'o-da), n.pl. [NL., < elasmognathous (el-as-mog
moving.] A genus of Gr iXaau6(, a
l?xiaua, +
metal plate, ffofcf (xorf-) NL. Elasnwgnathus, < Gr. e/.atrfidc, a thin plate,
adephagous beetles, of = E.foot.] An ordinal or other group of deep- + yvdeocjaw.] In conf/i., having a jaw with a
sea holothuriaris. They exhibit distinct bilateral sym- quadrangular plate or appendage diyergingfrom
the family Carabidte nietry, having iHith a dorsal and a ventral surface, the tho upjicr iiiarf;m applied to the bucctnuao!.
:

and subfamily Cara- amiiulatory ambulacra contlned to the latter, and the £laSII10gIiathU8 (el-as-mog'na-thus), «. [NL.
bina. They are of small cephalic regi.;iiu8iially8i»;danzeiL_Al«iitMjipe^^^^
^^^ glag„,„p„athous.] 1. A genus of American
Sise and stout form, with the Sta/krus ri/ariui. known (all only recently), "f several genera, as Elpidia,
tljrtra tmpreased, the mandi- (Lias ibows natural itse.) KiAya, Irpa, etc. Also Elatipoda. tapirs, characterized by having the nasal sep-
 ; ; :

Elasmognatlms 1862 elatement

turn or prolongation of tlie mesethmoid bone 2. Having, as a solid body, the power of re- erty of being elastic, in any sense especially,
prominent and perfectly ossitied. e, lairdi, the turning to the form from which it is bent, ex-
;

type, is a laige >'ie«raKuau species aUiut 4U inches long

«nd 22 high. E. doiri is another Central American form. tended, pressed, pulled, or distorted, as soon as
See cut under tapir. the force applied is removed ; having, as a fluid,
2. A
genus of extinct chimseroid fishes, later the property of recovering its former volume
(18S8) called Elasmodectes. after compression, a body is perfectly elastic when
Egerton.
it has the property of resisting a given deformation equal-
Elasmoidae (el-as-moi'de), n. pi. [NL., < Elas- ly, however that deformation may have been produced,
mui< +
-oida;.'\ SsLvae as EUisminw. Forster, 1856. whether slowly or suddenly, etc. All bodies, however,
elasmosaur (e-las'mo-sar), n. reptile of theA have different elasticities at diftereut temperatures, and
if the deformation is so sudden as to change the tempera-
genus Elasnwsaurus or f ainily Elasniosauridm.
ture of the body and so alter its resistance to deform,i-
tlon, this is not considered as showing it to be imperfect-
ly elastic.
For the more easy understanding of the experiments
tnable by our engine, I thought it not superfluous nor un-
seasonable, in the recital of this first of them, to insinuate
that notion by which it seems likely that most, if not all
of them, will prove explicable. Your Lordship will easi-
ly suppose that the notion I speak of is that there is a
spring, or elastical power, in the air we live in. By which
jAoTijp or spring of the air, that which I mean is this
that
our air either consists of, or at least abounds with, parts
of such a nature that in case they be bent or compressed
by the weight of the incumbent part of the atmosphere,
or by any other body, they do endeavor, as much as in
them lieth, to free themselves from that pressure, by bear-
ing against the contiguous bodies that keep them bent
and as soon as those bodies are removed, or reduced to
give them way, by presently unbending and stretching
out themselves, either quite, or so far forth as the con-
tiguous bodies that resist them permit, and thereby ex-
panding the whole parcel of air these elastical bodies
Skeleton of an Elasmosaur {Eiasmosaurus flatyuruj).
compose. Boyle, Spring of the Air (1659).
A body is called elastic in which a particle moved from
its natural position of equilibrium has a tendency to re-
Elasmosauridae (e-las-mo-sa'ri-de), n.pl. [NL., turn to its first position as soon as the external cause which
< Elasmosaurus + -idce.'S A family of extinct had displaced it has ceased. Btasema, Sound (trans.), p. 4.
natatorial reptiles, taking name from the genus Figuratively— 3. Admitting of extension ca-
Elasmosaurus.
pable of expanding and contracting, accord-
Elasmosaurus (e-las-mo-sa'rus), n. [NL.(Cope, ing to circumstances hence, yielding and ac-
1868), < Ur. e1aafi6(, ilaa/ia, a thin plate, + aav- commodating: as, an etashc conscience elastic
;
P<K, lizard.] An American genus of extinct principles.
;
that physical force resident in the smallest sen-
sible parts of bodies, by virtue of which the
holding of them in a state of strain (change of
size or shape) involves work, which for small
strains is proportional to the square of the
amount of the strain. There are different kinds
of elasticity, corresponding to the different
kinds of strain.
If the restitution of a springy body, forcibly bent, pro-
ceed only from the endeavor of the compressed parts
themselves to recover their former state, one may not Im-
pertinently take notice of the elasticity that iron, silver
and brass acquire by hammering.
Boyle, Great Effects of Motion.
On the fingers of the queen were ten gold rings, the
hoops of which were not continuous, but open like brace-
admit of elasticity.
lets to
C. T. Newton, Art and Archajol., p. 382.
Never did the finances of the country give stronger evi-
:
dence of vitality, soundness, and elatticity than was pro-
duced when Lowe, on opening the budget of 1871 on April
20, showed the yield of the revenue for 1870-1 to have
exceeded the estimate by two millions and a quarter.
S. bowell, Taxes in England, II. 363.
He [Berkeley] returned ... to have the primacy of
Ireland withui his reach. But we always feel that he has
not the same elasticity and heartiness of life as before.
Scotsman (newspaper).
Axis of elasticity, axis of direct elasticity. See
oxi«i.— Coefficient of elasticity. See cuefficient.—
Elasticity of bulk, icsistance to change of bulk.— Elas-
ticity of shape, resistance to change of shape. Fres- —
nel'S surface of elasticity, a surface whose radii vec-
tores are proportional to the square roots of the elastic
forces which, upon Fresnel's theory of light, are exerted
in the directions of those radii round any pouit of a crys-
; talline body.— Llght-elastlclty. See lifiht.— Umlt Of
elasticity, an amount of deformation which if applied to
a body is such that if made any greater the body will not
completely spring back when released. Modulus of —
elasticity, the ratio of stress to strain also termed the :

reptiles, of the order Sauropterygia, related to elasticity simply. See modMiu*.— Perfect elasticity, the

the plesiosaurs, but differing in the structure A volunteer navy may in some degree supply the place property of being perfectly elastic. See elastic, a., 2.
of privateers, supposing that plenty of time and an ctaidc elastlCneSS (e-las ' tik-nes), n. Elasticity.
of the pectoral arch. A species was upward of 40 feet organization are at command
long, aquatic and piscivorous, with a very long neck, small
Bailey, 1727. [Rare.]
J. B. Soley, Blockade and Cruisers, p. 169.
head, paddle-lilie limbs and tail, and long, sharp teeth. elastin (f-las'tin), n. [< elast-ic -f -iifi.] In
4. Possessing the power or quality of recover- chem., a body closely resembling albumen, ex-
Elasmotheriidae (e-las"m6-the-ri'i-de), n. pi. ing from depression or exhaustion; able to
+ cept that it is free from sulphur, forming the
[NL., < Elasmotherium '-idd.'i family ofA a depressing or exhausting influence;
resist principal substance of the elastic fiber which is
extinct perissodactyl quadrupeds, without ca-
capable of sustaining shocks without perma- the characteristic constituent of certain tissues.
nines or incisors, and with a crenulated longi-
nent injury as, elastic spirits.
:
elatchee (e-lach'e), n. [< Hind, elachi, ildchi.]
tudinal ridge on the lower molars a group hav- :
The herds are elastic with health. Landor. Cardamom.
ing relationships with both the horse and the
rhinoceros, but much more closely related to
the latter in the order of ungulates. Gill, 1872.
h«it.tn, a
belting, „,»,.,.,=i made
» material ,„ in ,,„.,.>. ,
,,. bands u.„ an
from half
several inches in width, plain or striped, and having thin
—
Curve of elastic resistance. See cmi-pc.— Elastic elate (e-laf), v. t.: pret. and pp. elated, ppr.
„„ inch to
.
elating,
,.
[< l. elatm, pp. of efferre, bring out,
,

lift up, < ex, out, +ferre, carry (= E. heart), pp.

Elasmotherium (e-las-mo-the'ri-um), «. [NL.,
< Gr. f /-a(T//af, athin plate, '+ ft?p/ov, a wild beast.]
The typical genus of the family Elasmotheriidce.
Elasmus (e-las'mus), n. [NL., < Gr. aau/idf
(also elaa^a), a metal plate, < ilavveiv (iXa-),
drive, strike, beat out: see elastic.'] genus
of parasitic hymenopterous insects, of the fam-
ily Chalcididw, representing the subfamily A'tos-
minw, having four-jointed tarsi, enlarged hind
femora, and the antennse ramose in the male.
The species are all of small size, and some are secondary
parasites —
that is, parasites of parasites. B. pullalus is
a North American example. Westwood, 1883.
Elassoma (el-a-so'ma), n. [NL. (Jordan, 1877),
< Gr. as if "eXaaau/xa, a diminution, loss, defect,
defeat, < klaaaovv, make less, < c'Adaa<M, less,
compar. of elaxvi, little, small.] A genus of
very small fresh-water fishes of North America,
representing the family Elassomidce.
elassome (el'a-som), n. A
fish of the family
EtassomUhe. D. S. Jordan.
Elassomidae (el-a-som'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < Elas-
soma + -idee.'] A family of acanthopterygian
fishes, represented by the genus Elassoma.
They
have an oblong compressed body covered with rather large
cycloid scales, no lateral line, unarmed opercular bones
conic teeth in the jaws, and toothless palate the dorsal
slips of india-rubber lying in the direction of its length
and covered by woven material of cotton, silk, or the like, latus : see ablative, and cf. collate, delate'^, de-
which completely conceals the india-rubber, unless the late"^, dilate, illate, prolate, relate, etc., ande^er-
belting stretched. The threads of rubber are usually
is
square in section, having been cut from thin sheets.—
ent.] If. To raise; exalt; elevate.
Elastic bitumen. Same as e(o(«rite.— Elastic button From whence the Talismanni with elated voyces, for
See (M«on.— Elastic cartilage, cartilage represented in they use no bels, doe congregate the people, pronouncing
A the pinna, the epiglottis, and elsewhere, which is opaque, the Arabicke sentence, there is but one God, and Ma-
yellowish, flexible, and tough, and in which the matrix homet his Prophet. Sandys, Travailes, p. 24.
except in the immediate vicinity of the cells is permeated Turn we a moment Fancy's rapid flight
by numerous elastic fibers.— Elastic curve. See curve. To vigorous soils, and climes of far extent
— Elastic fabric, a cloth or ribbon into which threads of Where, by the potent sun elated high
rubber called shirrs are woven.— Elastic fibers, in anat., The vineyard swells refulgent on the day.
fibers of elastic quality traversing the intercellular sub-
stance of connective tissue. They are of a light-yellow
Thomson, Autumn.
color, branch and anastomose freely, and strongly resist 2. To raise or swell, as the mind or spirits;
chemical treatment.— Elastic flannel. See flannel.— elevate with satisfaction or gratification ; puff
Elastic fluid, a fluid which has the property of expand- up ; make proud.
ing in all directions on the removal of external pressure,
as gases and vapors.
Though elated by his victory, he still maintained the
See jros.- Elastic glue. See ghie.
— Elastic gum, india-rubber.- Elastic mineralDltch, appearance of moderation.
Hist. Eng. Hume,
a brown, massive, elastic variety of bitumen.— Qastlc He [Gilbert White] brags of no fine society, but is plainly
mold, a mold of glue used for copying casts.— Elastic a little elated by " having considerable acquaintance with
a tame brown owl."
tissue, in anat., connective tissue made elastic by the
presence of abundant elastic fibers. Such tissue is found algtA
Lowell, Study Windows, p. 2.
inthemiddlecoatofarteries, the larynx. Eustachian tube, ^**'"'.
(plat')
""; h n
" [< ME. w
elat, < L. elatus, pp.
yellow ligaments of the vertebrie, etc., and forms in some seetheverb.] 1. Raised; lifted up. [Poetical
animals the liganientum nucha;. Mixed with cartilage, it and archaic]
constitutes a variety of the latter known as yellow or elas-
And sovereign law, that state's collected will,
tic flbrocartilage. —
Elastic type, a type made of roller- O'er thrones and globes, elate.
composition (glue, glycerin, ancf sugar) or prepared gutta- Sits empress. Sir W. Jones.
percha, which yields under impression used generally :

fln is short and has about 4 spines, the anal still

smaller
with 3 spines, and the ventral thoracic and normal, with
1 spine and 5 rays. Only two species are known they
inhabit sluggish streams and ponds of the southern United
States, and are among the smallest of fishes, rarely exceed-
mg IJ inches in length. Also Elassomatidw.
;
in the form of a stereotype for hand-stamping with ink, 2. Exalted in feeling ; elated.
for which elasticity is desirable.— Elastic webbing, a
This kyng of kynges proud was and elaat;
material similar to elastic belting, but of greater width.
He wende that god_, that sit in magestee,
;
II. n. A
piece or strip of india-rubber, or of Ne myght hym nat bireue of his estaat.
webbing or belting made elastic by the incor- Chaucer, Monk's Tale (ed. Skeat), B. 33.')7.
poration of india-rubber, used as a band, gar- Those promising youths, like sons of the morning,
. . .

elassomoid (e-Ias'o-moid), a. and n. I. a. Per- ter, or the like. [U. S.] elatewith empty hopes and glittering outsides.
taining to or having the characters of the Elas- elasticalt (e-las'ti-kal), a. [Seeetasft'c] Same Bacon, Moral Fables, i., Expl.
somidai. as elastic. Who feels his freehold's worth, and looks elate,
H. n. An elassome. A little prop and pillar of the state.
elastically (e-las'ti-kal-i), adv. In an elastic I. 176. Crabbe, Works,
elastic (e-Us'tik), a. and n. [Formerly also manner with elasticity or power of accommo- = Syn. 2. Exultant, jubilant, exhilarated,
;

elastick (first recorded in the form elastical: see overjoyed, puff-

dation. ed up, proud.
first quot.) ; =
F. elastique =
Sp. eldstico Pg. Comedy = elattically lending itself to the tone and elatedly (e-la'ted-li), ac(v.
. . . With elation,
It. elastico (cf. D. G. elastisch =
Dan. Sw. elas- taste of the times without sacrificing the laws of its own v.>«« we
...„ «...i j..«i * iu *
find, defiled most in the
^ n .i i •

tisk), < NL. elasHcus (NGr. eXatm/tof), elastic,

<
beins
oeing, A
A. W
H. Ward
ward, Eng. nr«n> Lit.,
Enff Dram. Tit int p.
Int., n xxxv.
vvvJ -^ero, foulest mires of luxu-
^y, and where do we find any so elatedly proud, or so un-
Gr as if 'eAaoTri^, for iXaT?K, equiv. to cXar^p, elaStlCian (e-las-tish an), «. [<. elastic + -ian.] justly rapacious as he? FeifAajn, On Luke xiv. 2a
a driver, hurler (see elater^), < eXavvciv (tAa-), A person devoted to'the advancement of the elatedness (e-la'ted-nes), n.
The state of be-
drive, set in motion, push, strike, beat out.] knowledge of elasticity. \nfr elated. 'Bailey, 1731.
I. a. It. Serving, as a catapult, to hurl mis- elasticity (e-las-tis'i-ti), n. [= F. HastidU =
elatement (e-lat'iiient), n. [< elate + -ment.]
siles by the force of a spring. i:>p.elasttcidad = Pg. elasticidade It. elasticttd =
The act of elating, or the state of being elated;
By what elastick engines did she rear D. elasticiteit = =
6. elasticitdt = Dan. Sw. mental elevation elation. ;

fhe starry roof, and roll the orbs in air? NL.;e'«;tt«to( t-)s, elasticity, < elas-
/,>,!f ^ ^^^den elatement swells our minds.
Sir B. Blackmore. ticus, llt'^K
elastic see elastic and -ity.] The prop-
: Hervey, Meditations, ll. 64.
 ; ; ;;

elater 1863 elbow-piece

elater^, elator (e-la'ter, -tor), «. [< elate + 2. In bot, a fruit consisting of three or more They know them to have bin the main corrupters at the
^|1, -«r.] One who or that which elates. dehiscent cocci, as iu Euphorbia. Bicltard. Kings elbow. Milton, Eiiionoklastes, xxiv.
elater~ (el'a-ter), n. [NL. elater, < Gr. tkariip, {Not used.] Sir Roger, planting himself at our historian's elbow, was
a driver, hurler, < tkavvuv (iXo-), drive, set in aterometer very attentive to everything he said.
(el " a - te - rom ' e - ter), n. [< Gr. Spectator, No. 329,
motion: see elastic.l If. Elasticity; esjjeeially, c>MTijp,a driver (see elatm-^, 1), -I- iihpov, a mea- Elbow In the hawse {naut.), a turn or half-twist pro-
the ejtpansibility of a gas. sure.] An air-pressure or steam-pressure gage. duced in the cables of a ship when moored, caused by her
swinging twice the wrong way.— In at elbows. In com.
It may be said that the swelling of the compressed wa- elateryt (el'a-te-ri), n. [< Gr. hariipioc, driv- fortable or decent circumstances.
ter in the pewter vessel lately mentioned, and the spring- ing: %ee elaterium.'] Acting force or elasticity: I don't suppose you could get a high style of man
ing up of the water at the hole made by the needle, were as, the elatery of the air.
, . .

not the effects of an internal tiater of the water, but of

Hay. for pay that hardly keeps him in at elbows.
the spring of the many little particles of air dispersed elatin (el'a-tin), n. [< elat(erium) + -!«2.] A George Eliot, Middleniarch, xxxviii.
throujth that water. Eoyle^ Spring of the Air, Exp. xxii. substance extracted from elaterium by alcohol: Out at elbows, having holes in the elbows of one's coat
probably a mixture of elateria and ehlorophyl. hence, in adilapidated or impoverished condition; at odds
2. [NL.] In hot.: (a) One of the four club- with fortune unfortunate,— To crook the elbOW, See
shaped filaments or Equisetacece, attached at See elaterin. ;

crook.— To rub or touch elbOWS, to associate closely be ;

one point to a spore, formed by the splitting of
the outer coat of the spore. They are strongly hygro-
scopic, and aid in the dispersion of the spores, also keep.
ing a small group together, as they leave the sporangium.
See cut under EqiiiMtaaa. (J) One of the long
and slender fusiform cells of Hepaticai having
one or more spiral thickenings within. They
loosen the spores in the capsule at the time of
their dispersion, (c) One of the similar free
filaments of Myxomycetes forming part of the
Elatinaceae (e-lat-i-na'sf-e), n. pi. [NL,, <
Elatine + -acece.'] An order of small polypeta-
lous herbs with opposite leaves and axillary
flowers, including only 2 genera and about 20
species; the waterworts. ^eo Elatine.
Elatine (e-lat'i-ne), n. [NL., < L. elatine, a
plant of the genus Antirrhinum, < Gr. i^rivr/, a
species of toadflax, so called from some jesem-
blance to the fir or pine, fem. of ifdnvog, of the
fir or pine, < iUnj, the silver fir, prob. so call-
mtnnate,— To Shake the elbOW; to gamble: from the
motion of sliaking a dice-box.
He's always shaking his heels with the ladies, and his
elbows with the lords. Vanbrugh, Confederacy, i.
Up to the elbows (in anything), very busy ; wholly en-
gaged or engrossed.
elbow (el'bo), V. [< elbow, n.] I. trans. 1. To
push or shove with or as if -vrith the elbow;
hence, figuratively, to push or thrust by over-
bearing means crowd: as, to eiftoic people aside
;

capillitium, anil frequently having spiral thick-
enings. They are sometimes furnished with
spines. Their characters are useful in distin-
guishing species. —
3. [XL.] In entom.: (a)
[cap.] The typical genus of the family Ela-
teridte, founded by Linneeus in 1767. it com.
prises over lou species, of which nearly 50 inhabit North
America. They are mostly found in temperate regions,
on leaves ami flowers, or oftener under Ixark. They are
di--<tiii;;uisbed from membera of related genera by the flli-
fonn foiirtb tarsal Joint, oblong-oval scutellum, small reg-
ularly convex head, and the sinuate single-toothed dilata-
tion of the hind coxK. One
(ft) of the Elateridte; a
ed in reference to its straight, high growth, < in a crowd; to elbow a rival out of the way.
i7jiT6i, verbal adj. of ifavveiv, drive, push see :
He'll . . . elbow out his neighbours. Dryden.
elastic, elater"^.] A
genus of very small annual I would gladly abandon, of my own free will, the part I
herbs, typical of the order Elatinacece, groW- have in her ilckle favour, but I will not be elbowed out of
it by the clown Sussex or this new upstart,
ing in water or mud, and found in temperate
Scott, Kenilworth, xvi.
or subtropical regions around the globe, known
as tcaterujort. Four species occur in the United 2. To makeor gain by pushing as with the el-
States. bows: as, to elbom one's way through a crowd.
elation (e-la'shon), n. [< ME. elacion, < L. ela- As some unhappy wight, at some new play.
tio(n-), a carrying out, a lifting up, < elatus,pp.
At the pit door stands elbowing a way.
Qoldsmith, Good-natured Man, Epil.
of efferre, carry out, lift up: see elate.'] Elas-
ticity of feeling due to some special cause or n. intrans. 1. To jut into an angle project ;

click-beetle, One of the elastic bristles at

(c) occasion ; an exultant condition of the mind, bend or curve abruptly, as a wall or a stream.
the end of the abdomen of the Podurida. A. as from physical enjoyment, success, or grati-
— 2. To jostle with or as if with the elbow
S. Packard. See spring. fication of any kind ; mental inflation ; exulta-
push one's way hence, figuratively, to be rudely
;

elaterid (e-lat'e-rid), a. and n. L a. Of or per- tion.

self-assertive or aggressive.
taining to the TilateridtB. He that grows hot and turbid, that elboivs in all his phll.
Elacioun is whan he ne may neither suffre to have mais-
n. n. One of the Elateridte; a click-beetle, ter ne felawe. Chaucer, Parson's Tale.
osophick disputes, must needs be very proud of hia own
sprinR-beetle, or skipjack. sufficiencies. Mannyngham, Discourses (1681), p. 50.
God began to punish this vain elation of mind, by with.
Elaterida (el-a-ter'i-de), [NL., < Elater^,
n. pj. drawing his favours. Purse.proud, elbowing Insolence,
Bp. Atterbwnj.
Bloated Empiric, puit'd Pretence.
3 (rt), + -idcB.'] A
family of stemoxine pen- What to youth belong, Grainger, Solitude.
tamerous beetles, corresponding to the Linnean Oay raiment, sparkling gauds, elation strong.
genus Elater. The ventral wgmenu are typically free, Jf. Arnold, Austerity of Poetry. elbow-board (el'bo-bord), «. The board at the
th>'Hrst not being elongated ; the tani are &.Jointed ; the Elatobranchia (el'a-to-brang'ki-S), n. ;)/.
bottom of a window which forms the inner sill.
prothorax is looeelj jointed to the meaotborax ; the pru- [NL., < Gr. f/Ujrdf, verbal adj. of iyjiiwetv, drive, elbow-chair (el'bo-char), «. Same as arm-chair.
8t«mum prolonged behind ; the globose front cox« are
ia [Now
witliin the proetemum ; the bind ooxjb are contigtioiu, push, +
ppayxia, gills.] A
group of mollusks. rare.]
laminate, and sulcate the free ventral segments are 5 elator, n.
; See elater^. The furniture [consisted] of hangings made of old
. . .

or rarely « in number; the labmm is Tree and visible elatrometer (el-a-trom'e-t«r), n. Genoa yellow damask, with a bed and elbow chairs of the
[< Gr. i>MHip, same stuff, adorned with fringes of blue silk,
and the anteume are usnallT serrate, sometimes filiform, a driver (see elater^, 1), -I- fUrpov, a measure.]
pectinate, or flabellate. The species are very numerous, Smollett, tr, of Gil Bias, x, 8.

and are known as elidc-butla, mapping-beelUt, ipring- In phygics, an Instrument for measuring the Necessity invented stools,
bettiet, and tHfjackt. Their legs are abort, and when degree of rarefaction of the air in the receiver Convenience next suggested elbow-chairs.
they are placed on their backs on a flat snrface they right of an air-pump. Cowper, Task, i, 87,
theroaelres with an audible snapping of their bodies. Als
is effected by means of the spine of Uie prostemnm, which
elajrle (el a-il), n. [< Gr. I'kaiov, olive-oil, oil, elbow-cuff (el'bo-kuf), n. An attachment to
acta as a spring on the mesostemnm, and the force being +
i/.rj, matter.] Same as ethylene. the short elbow-sleeve of a woman's dress, worn
transmitted to the base of the elytra, and so to the sup- Elberfeld blue. See blue, n. about 1775. The cuff is or appears to be turned
porting surface, the inaects an jerked Into the air and elbow (el'bo), n. [= Sc. elbuek; < ME. elbowe,
manage to fall on their feet. The force Is remarkable, a^ back so as to cover the elbow like a cap.
one may experience by trying to hold one of the huger <
AS. rhiliof/a, and contr. elboga (= D. elleboog elbowed (el'bod), a. [< elbow + -cd2.] Sup-
spedea. (See cut under WKt-&rc(fc.) The fireflies of tnp. =
L(f. rlh hage =
OHG. elinpogd, elinpogo, ellin- plied with or shaped like an elbow specifically, ;

ical regiona are elaten, as of the genos Fyrophonu. (See bogo, MH(t, ctenboge, G. ellenboge, elboge Ice!.
cut under antenna.) The lanra of many specM are known oinbogi, and contr. olbogi, now olbogi, formerly
as irireHomw, and are very injuriooa to cropa. See cut
un<ler vfireworm.
alnbogi, albogi Dan. = alhue; cf. 8w. armb&ge),
elaterill,elaterine(e-lat'e-rin),n. l<elaier-ium elbow, < eln, eU, in the orig. sense of 'forearm,'
+ -in-, -ini-.] A neutral principle (C2oH2g05) +
boga, a bow, in the orig. sense of 'a bend':
extracted by alcohol from elatenum. when pure see eft and 6oKj2. Ct. ulna &nA cubit.] 1. The
It forma colorless hexagonal crystals, which are odorless bend of the arm ; the angle made by bending
anil have a bitter, acrid taste. It is used in medicine in the arm at the junction of the upper arm with
minute doses as a very powerful hydragogne cathartic. the forearm.
elateriflt(6-lat'§-ri8t),». {_< elater^ +-ist.^ One
prelde to god for hem bothe ladyes and maidenes
who holds that many of the phenomena con- in And the chirches vpon theire knees and elbouxt, that god
nected with the air-pumj> are to bo explained sholde hem spede and defende fro deth.
by the elasticity of the air, and who maintains JTerftn (E. E. T. S.), II. 246.
the truth of Boyle's law that the density of a gas The wings that waft oiur riches out of sight
is proportional to the pressure. Grow on the gamester's elbows.
Cowper, Task, ill. 761.
Although our antbour (Linnil confeaaes that air has a There leaning deep in broider'd down we sank
spring as well aa a weight, yet he resolutely denies that Dor elbowt. Tennyiton, Princess, iv.
spring to be near great enough to perform those tblnn
which hia adveisariea (whom for breTlljr sake we wul 2. In aiuif., the elbow-joint and associate struc-
venture to call tIaUritIt} ascribe to It. tures. See elbow-joint. —
3. Something curved
BoyU, Defence agalnat LIniu, II. or bent like the human elbow; specifically,
= in en torn., turning at an angle; kneed; genicu-
late: &s, elbowed eMtennee; elbowed Taarka. West-
wood.
Picks, having straight tips converging to the eye. Instead
of being curved, are said to be elbowed or anchored.
Wm. Morgan, Man, of Mining Tools, p, 74,
elbow-gauntlet (el'bo-gant'let), n. A gaunt-
let of which the cuff covers the forearm nearly
to the elbow-joint, it is sometimes prolonged on the
outer edge of the arm so as to protect the elbow. During
the sixteenth century such gauntlets of steel superseded
the vanibrace, and gloves of leather and quilted silk an-
swering the same purpose were worn far into the seven-
toenth cfiitiiry,
elbow-grease (el'bo-gres), n. colloquial or A
humorous expression for energetic hand-labor,
as in rubbing, scouring, etc.
He has scartit and dintit my gude mahogany past a' the
power o' bees.wax and elbow-grease to smooth.
Gait, The Entail, III. 84,

a To clean a gun properly requires some knowledge, more

good temper, and most elbow-grease.
elaterite (e-lat'e-rit), n. [< elater-ium -t- -»fe.] flexure or angle of a wall or road, especially if Corns, Field Ornith, (1874), p, 13,
An elastic mineral resin of a blackish-brown not acute ; a sudden turn or bend in a river or
color, subtranslucent, and occurring in soft flex- the sea-coast ; a jointed or curved piece of pipe elbow-guard (el'bo-giird), n. Same as ctibttidre.
ible masses. Also called elastic Tritumen and for water, smoke, ^as, etc., designed to con- elbow-joint (erbo-joint), w.. In a«a<., the ar-
mincrnl rnoutrhouc. ticulation of the forearm with the upper arm;
nect two lines running at an angle to each oth-
elatenum (el-a-te'ri-um), n. [NL., < Gr. iXa-
driving, driving away, neut. i^jtr^purv, sc.
er. —
4. In carp., etc., one of the upright sides
—
the joint formed by the articulation of the ulna
and radius with the humerus. The head of the ra.
rrjiMM;, which flank any paneled work. See cresset.
dius and the greater sigmoid cavity Of the ulna, respec-
fipfioKT/v, an opening medicine, < iXaHip, a driver, 6. The raised arm of a chair or end of a sofa, tively, are apposed to the trochlear and capitellar surfaces
< t>.«i'Vf(v ((/a-), drive nee elater^,']
: 1. sub-A designed to support the arm or elbow. of the humerus. In so far as the movement of the whole
stance obtained from the fruit of the Ecballium But elhotet still were wanting these, some say.
;
forearm upon the upper arm is concerned, the elbow-joint
is the most strict ginglynnis or hinge-joint in the body,
Elaterium, or squirting cucumber, which, if it is An alderman of Cripplegate contriv'd
And some ascribe th' invention to a priest. having no lateral motion but the head of the radius in- ;

gathered a little before it ripens, and the juice
gently expressed, deposits a green sediment,
which is collected and dried. Oixxl elaterium oper-
ates AS a drastic purge, and Is generally administered In
cases of dropsy. It contains elaterln, together with starch,
nain, etc.
dependently revolves in the lesser sigmoid cavity of the
Burly, and big, and studious of his ease.
Coirper, Task, I. 60. ulna, pivoted upon the cajiitellum of the humerus, in the
movements of pronation and supination. The term is ex-
6. A
shoulder-point in cattle. Grose. [Local, tendeil to the corresponding joint of the arm or fore limb
Eng.]~At one's elbow, uear at hand; convenient; of otlicr nnimiils, whatever its construction may )w.
witnlu call. elbow-piece (el'bo-pes), n. Same as cubitUre,
 ; :
.

elbow-plate 1864 elder

elbow-plate (el'bo-plat), «. 1. in paper-mal-- II, trans. To make old. In the first instance, at any rate originally, the head of
ing, the cutter of the rag-cutting machine when the first house was always the head of the clan, that of
Tyme that eldith our auncessours, and eldMh Icings and
bent to an angle in the middle. 2. An early emperours. — Rom. of the Rose, 1. 391.
the fii-st clan also that of the tribe. All these three gl-ades
of the heads of the i)eople, who would thus reach the total
name for the cubitiere, denoting especially the elden (el'den), n. A dialectal form of elding. of 1,728, might certainly be also designated by one com-
simple form used during the thirteenth century. elder'^ (el'dfer), a. compar. [< ME. elder, eldere, mon name, and in all probability this was furni.shed by
See cut under armor (fig. 2). the name "head" or "father," also more definitely the
cldre, either, alder, nldre, wldre, ealdre, < AS. "head of the fathers," but more frequently by the name
elbow-rail (el'bo-ral), H. In a railroad-ear, a yldra, eldra (= OFries. alder, elder = OS. aldira we so often meet with of elder.
part of the body-framing running horizontally = OHG. alter, MHG. elter, G. alter = Icel. ellri, Ewakl, Antiq. of Israel (trans.), p. 245.
along the sides at about the height of the elbow eldri = Dan. wldre = Sw. aldre), compar. (with 4. In the New Testament, also the title of
of a passenger in a sitting position. Car-Build- umlaut) of eald, old. The compar. older is mod- certain officers in the Christian church, whose
er's Diet. ern, < old + -er^ see old. Cf elder^, ».] 1 : . functions are not clearly defined, but who ap-
elbow-room (erbo-rSm), n. Room to extend Older senior having lived a longer time born, ; : ; parently exercised a considerable control in the
the elbows hence, freedom from confinement
;
produced, or lormed before something else op- : conduct of the local churches. Scholars are not
ample room for motion or action. posed to younger. agreed as to the limits or nature of their authority. The
Kow my soul hath elbow-room. Shalt., K. John, v. 7. Presbyterians maintain that there were two classes of el-
Sadoyue hir brother that was either than she. ders (1 Tim. v. 17 1 Cor. xii. 28 Rom. xii. 6-8 ; Acts xv.
; ;

No sooner is he disappointed of that harbour then God Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 472.
25, 26, XX. 28 ; Heb. xiii. 7, 17). The Congregationalists
provides cities of Hebron ; Saul shal die to give him el- The elder shall serve the younger. Gen. xxv. 23. on the one hand, and the Episcopalians on the other, main-
hmo-room. Bp. Hall, Abner and Joab. tain tliat there was no distinction between ruling and
His elder son was in the field. Luke xv. 25.
teaching elders, the elder or presbyter being in their judg-
elbow-scissors (el'bo-siz'orz), n. pi. Scissors After fifteen Months Imprisonment, K. Richard is re- ment identical with the pastor or shepherd of tlie llock
which, for convenience in cutting, have a bend leased, and returns into England four Years elder than lie (Acts XX. 28 1 Thes. v. 12 Heb. xiii. 7, 17 1 Tim. v, 17).
; ; ;

in the blade or shank. went out. Baker, Chronicles, p. 64.

Elder is the translation of the equivalent word, which
elbow-shaker (el'bo-sha'kfer), n. dicer; a A 2. Prior in origin or appointment; preceding we preserve in its Greek form of presbyter, and which
still
sharper ; a gamester. Halliwell. [Old slang.] in the date of a commission ; senior as, an :
is contracted through the old French forms prester and

elbow-shield (el'bd-sheld), n. The piece of ar-
mor protecting the elbow; a
cuts under armor (figs. 2
elbow-sleeve (el'bo-slev), «. A
woman's dress, terminating at the elbow.
elbow-tongs (el'bo-tdngz), «. pi. A pair of
heavy tongs with curved jaws.
elbuck (el'buk), n. A Scotch form of elbow.
elcaja (el-ka'ja), n. An Arabian tree, Trichilia
emetica, the fruit of which is emetic, and also
is sometimes used in the composition of an
ointment for the cure of the itch.
Elcesaite, Elkesaite (el-se'-, el-ke'sa-it), n.
One of a party or sect among the Jewisli Chris-
tians of the second century, deriving their
prestre, into priest. Smith, N. T. Hist., p. 447, note.
elder officer or magistrate.
cubitifere. See You wrong me, Brutus,
5. In certain Protestant churches, an officer ex-
and 3). Hewitt. I said an elder soldier, not a better. ercising governmental functions, either with or
sleeve in a Shak., J. C, iv. 3. without teaching or pastoral functions, (a) In
He [Dryden] may very well have preferred Romanism churches of the Baptist persuasion the pastors of churches
because of its elder claim to authority in all matters of are usually called elders, although the class especially so
called are not settled pastors, but evangelists and mis-
doctrine. Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 77.
sionaries. (6) (1) In churches of the Presbyterian order
3. Prior in time; earlier; former. the pastor of a church is technically called the teaching
In elder times, when merriment was. elder, as distinguished from the ruling elders, commonly
Robin Hood and the Beggar (Child's Ballads, V. 252). called simply elders, who are a body of laymen, varying
in number, selected to assist the pastor in the oversight
In the elder days of Art, and government of the church. The board of ruling el-
Builders wrought with greatest care. ders constitute with the pastor the session of the church,
Longfellow, The Builders. and are intrusted with its government and discipline, sub-
The account of this ... is so strongly characterized by ject to the supervision of the Presbyteiy. Such eldei-s are
required to accej)t the Symbol or Confession of P'aith of
the simplicity of elder times . . . that I shall venture to
read an extract from the author who relates it. the Presbyterian Church they do not administer the sac-
;

name from Elkasai or Elxai, either their found- Everett, Orations, II. 80. raments, but aid in the Lord's supper by distributing the
er or leader, or the title of the book containing elements. Theyjii-e sometimes elected for life, sometimes
The North Devon coast . . . has the primary merit of only for a term of years. (2) In the early days of Congre-
their doctrines, which they regarded as a spe- being, as yet, virgin soil as to railways. I went accord-
gationalism many churches had, besides the pastor and
cial revelation. ingly from Barnstaple to Ilfracombe on the top of a coach,
Their belief and practices were a teacher, a ruling elder, charged with matters of church
in the fashion of elder days.
mixture of Gnosticism and Judaism, with raudi that was government and discipline.
peculiar. They were finally confounded with the Ebionites. H. James, Jr., Trans. Sketches, p. 36.
The congregation at Watertown (whereof Mr. George
elchi, elchee (el'chi, -che), n. [Turk, and Pers., Elder Brethren, See 6ro(Acr.— Elder Edda. &eeEdda. Phillips was pastor) had chosen one Richard Brown for
< Hind, elchi, an ambassador, envoy.] An arii-
— Elder hand, see hand. their elder. Wiiithrop, Hist. New England, I. 81.

bassador or envoy. Also spelled eltehi. elderl (el'd^r), «. [< (l) ME. pi. eldren, wldren,
I judg it not lawfull for you, being a riding Elder,
wlderen, aldren, ealdren, and (with double pi.) opposed to the Elders that teach & exhorte and labore in
. . .

Things which they had told to Colonel Eose they did

not yet dare to tell to the great Elchi (Lord Stratford de eldrene, elderne, also (with pi. of adj. in posi- yo word and doctrine, to which ye sacrements are annexed,
Redciiffe). Kinglake. tive) eldre, eldere, also (prop. pi. of (2), below) toadnunister them, nor convenient if it were lawfulL
elderes, eldres, elders, rarely olders, («) parents, Robinson, Quoted in Bradford's Plymouth Plantation,
eld (eld), n. [= Sc. eild, < ME. eld, elde, eelde, ip. 167.
earlier ylde, < AS. yldu, yldo, rarely celdu, celd, (6) ancestors; (2) ME. rarely in sing, eldere,
(c) In some bodies of American Methodists elder is the
wldere, wider, alder, (c) a chief; the forms and
eld, old age, an age, antiquity (= OS. eldi = senses being mixed in ME., but distinct in AS.
general term for any clergyman. In the Methodist Epis-
OHG. alti, elti leel. old =
Dan. wide Goth. = = < AS. (1) yldran, eldran, wldran (ONorth. aldro),
copal Church the presiding elder is an ordained clergyman
appointed by and serving under tlie bishop as superinten-
aids, age, an age), < eald, old: see old and dent, with large though carefully defined supervisory pow-
(a) parents, (6) ancestors (rarely in sing, yldra,
world.'] 1. Age: said of any period of life. '
ers within a specified district," which usually corresponds
Fyfe hundredth wyntres I am of elde,
parent, father, =
OFries. aldera, ieldera, alder,
'

somewhat in extent to an average county in an eastern

Ide thynk ther gerls as yestirday.
elder =OS. aldiro, aldro, pi. aldron, eldiron State. In this district every minister is amenable to him,
York Plays, p. 43. = G. eltern, pi., parents, voieltern, ancestors, and every church is subject to his supervision and is usu-
Lest migte the faylled = Dan. forwMre =
Sw. fordldrar, pi., parents), ally visited by him three or four times during the year.
He presides at Quarterly and often at District Conferences.
In thyne olde elde. Purs Plowman (B), xii. 8. pi. of yldra, etc., adj. compar. of eald, old: Traveling elders are itinerant preachers appointed by the
That faire child was of foure ger eld. see elder^, a. ; (2) AS. caldor, aider, pi. ealdras, Annual Conference, (rf) In the Mormon Church the elder
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 8498. aldras, («) an elder, parent, (6) ancestor, also is an officer whose duty it is "to preach and baptize to ;

ordain other elders, and also priests, teachei-s, and dea-

2. Old age; senility; also, an old person. and more commonly (c) a chief, prince, < eald, cons to lay on hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost to
old, + -or; orig. identical with the compar. adj.]
; ;

Weake eld hath left thee nothing wise. bless children an<i to take the lead of all meetings." The
;

Spenser, F. Q., II. iii. 16. 1. One who is older than another or others; elders constitute the Melchizedek priesthood, and include
an elderly person. the apostles, the Seventy, the evangelists or patriarchs,
The weak fantasy of indigent eld. Lamb, Witches. and the high priest. Mormon Catechism, xvii. (e) Among
Time hath reft whate'er my soul enjoy "d, To fructifie also this is honest, the Shakers, four elders, two males and two females (the
And with the ills of Eld mine earlier years alloy'd.
That yonger men obeye unto thaire eldron latter also called elderesses), have charge of each of the
Byron, t'hilde Harold, In gouvernynge, as goode and buxom children. aggregated families.
ii. 98.
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T.
Green boyhood presses there,
S.), p. 6.
elder2 (el'der), n. [(1) < ME. elder, eldre, eldyr
And waning eld, pleading a youthful soul,
At the board, and in private, it very well becometh (with excrescent d), eller, also ellerne, ellarne
Intreats admission. children's innocency to pray, and their elders to say Amen.
Southey.
Hooker, Eccles. Polity.
(whence mod. dial, eller, eldern, ellern, ellen-
8. An age an indefinitely long period of time.
;
He led a blooming bride,
tree), < AS. ellen, the usual form, but earlier
The thridde werldes elde cam (juanne [when] Andstood a wither'd elder at her side. ellaern (in a Kentish gloss) MLG. elhorn,=
Thare begat Abram. Genesis and Exodus, 1. 706. Crabbe, Parish Register. alhorn, alherne, etc., LG. elloorn, elder, the el-
4. Time. The tavern-hours of mighty wits, der-tree. (2) Another form appears in E. dial.
Thine elders and thy betters. hilder, < ME. hilder, hillcr, hillor, hillerne, hel-
This storie olde, . . .
Tennyson, Will Waterproof.
That elde which al can frete and bite derne (generally, like the other ME. forms, in
Hath nygh devoured out of our memorie.
. . .

2. A forefather; a predecessor; one of a for- connection with = D. halder{-hoom) (now

tree)
Chaucer, Anelida and Arcite, 1. 10. mer generation in the same family, class, or vlier, vlier-boom) = Norw. hyll, hylle-tre = Sw.
6. Former ages ; old times ; antiquity. community. hyll, hylle-trd = Dan. hyld, hylde-trw, elder, el-
Traditions of the saint and sage, By it [faithj the elders obtained a good report. der-tree. (3) A third form appears in OHG.
Tales that have the rime of age, Heb. xl. 2. holantar, holuntar, MHG. holandcr, holder, G.
And chronicles of eld. Carry your head as your elders have done before you. holunder, hohlunder, holder, dial, holler. It is
Longfellow, Prelude. Sir R. V Estrange. doubtful whether these three forms are ult.
[Obsolete or poetical in all uses.] 3. In the Old Testament, a title of indefinite identical. Popular etym. has wrought confu-
eldt, «• An obsolete variant of old. signification applied to various officers, but sion, e. g., in assimilating the forms with those
eldt, V. [< ME. elden, become old, tr. make old, generally indicating in the earlier history the of alder^; cf. ME. elder, mod. dial, eller, LG.
< AS. yVian, celdian, delay, tr. put off, delay, princes or heads of tribes, and afterward men ellern, G. eller, alder. The third form, OHG.
prolong, < eald, old: see old, a., and old, v. (of of special influence, dignity, and authority in holantar, etc., appears to consist of hoi-, the
which eld, v., is a doublet), and eld, m.] I. in- their local community. In the New Testament the root of the word, popularly supposed to be
trans. 1. To become old; grow old. elders are the lay element in the Sanhedrim, the supreme
identical with hoi, mod. 6. hohl, AS. hoi, hol- =
court of the Jewish nation in the first century.
Vertu stille ne sholde nat elden.
Chaucer, Boethius, li. prose 7. Gather unto me all the elders of your tribes, and your
low, -I- -an =
AS. -en, inflexive or deriv. suffix, +
-tar, MHG. -der, prob. (as in OHG. nraszol-tra,
ofiicers, that I may speak these words iu their ears.
Time
So inly.
. . . had maad hir elde
Rom. of the Bote, L 395.
Deut. xxxi. 28. MHG. masolter, G. massholder AS. mapul-dur, =
Her husband is known in the gates, when he sitteth -dor, -dern, maple-tree) cognate with tree : cf.
8. To delay ; linger. Ps. Cott. among the elders of the land. Prov. xxxi. 23. the Scand. forms with -tre, -trd, -tree. Some
 ; ! . : ;; ;:

elder 1865 electicism

compare Russ. kalina, elder.] The common elding (ol'ding), n. [E. dial. Also eilding, el- 2. A coarse sweetmeat, professedly made from
name for species of Sambucus. The ordinary elder din, elden (and eel-thing), < ME. *elding, eyl- the root of the plant, but reaUy composed of
ot Europe Is S. ni^ra, and that of North America is S. Ca- dyng, < Icel. elding (= Dan. tiding), fuel, < eldr little else than colored sugar.
fUUlentUy both with black-purple berries, well known aa = Dan. ild, fire : see anneal^.'] If. Firewood He borrowed from every one of the pupils — I don't
hmbs of rapid growth, the stems containing an unusual fuel. Prompt. I'arv., p. 136. know how he spent it except in hardbake and alycom-
amount of pith. The red-berrieii elder of the United paine. Thackeray, Newcomes, xxv.
States is S. racfmom, and the dwarf or ground elder of Ye'U be wanting eilding now, or something to pitt ower
Surope is S. EbiUus. From the dried pith of the elder-tree the winter. Scott, Guy Mannering, xlv. elect (e-lekt'), V. t. [< L. eleetus, pp. of eligere
balls for electrical purposes are made. The wood is also
nsed for inferior turnery-work, weavers' shuttles, netting- 2. Rubbish. Halliwell. (> It. eleggere Sp. Pg. elegir F. Hire), pick = =
and shoemulcers' pegs.
pius, eldmotherf, «. [< ME. eldmoder, < AS. eald- out, choose, elect (= Gr. cKMyeiv, pick out,
choose, > ult. E. eclectic), < out, -1- legere, pick
Laurel tor a garland, or elder for a disgrace. modor (= OFries. aldemoder, aldmoder), grand- e,

Lyly, Alexander and Caupaspe, Epil. mother, < eald, old, +

modor, mother : see old out, pick, gather, collect, etc.: see legend. Cf.
Boz-^der, the Negundo aeeroidet, a North American (and eld) and mother. Cf. eldfather.'] 1, collect, select.']A 1. To pick out; select from
tree, olteu cultivated for ataade.— Dwarf elder, of Ja- grandmother. among a number ; specifically, in theoL, to se-
maica, the PUea graadu, a suffrutesctiit urticaceous
Eldnwder to ane hunder thar saw I Hecuba.
lect, especially as an object of divine mercy or
plant with large elder-Uke leaves.— Marsh-elder, of the favor. See election, 6.
United .States, /m
/ru/MceiM.— Poison elder, the jxii- Gavin Douglas, tr. of Virgil, p. 55.
Bon sumac, Rhua venenata. —
Ked^ rose, or elder, wUte 2. A mother-in-law. Halliwell.
The breath of worldly men cannot depose
of Europe, the guelder-roee, Vtburnum Omtlut. Also The deputy elected by the Lord.
called waUT-elder.— Wai
elder. <ii) In Enghuid, the Item. I gyve vnto my eldmoder his [the father-in- Shak., Rich. II., ili. 2.

ashweed, JRitopodium Podagraria. Also called frwnopV law's] wyffe, my wyffes froke and a read petticote. He nothing of . .
lost devotion to the sublime enter-
.

eld'r. (h) 111 the United States, the Aralia hitpida. Wilt 0/1571 (cited in Prompt Parv., ed. Way, p. 138). prise to which he held himself elected from his infancy by
elderberry (el'der-ber'i), n. ; pi. elderberries £1 Dorado (el do-ra'do). [Sp., lit. the gold- the promises of God. Bancroft, Hist. U. S., I. 6.
(-iz). [< W<ter2 + fcerryl.] The purplish-black en: the (< L'. ille, that); dorado, pp. of
el, If Orcagna's work was elected to survive the ravages of
drupaceous fmit of the elder, Sambuctis nigra dorar, gild: see dorado and deaurateT] A time, it is a happy chance that it should be balanced by a
group of performances of such a different temper.
and S. Canadengis, harinf; an acidulous and country rich beyond all precedent in gold and U. James, Jr., Trans. Sketches, p. 322.
sweetish taste, and used for making a kind of
wine. The inspissated juice is employed as an
jewels, which the early Spanish explorers be-
lieved to exist somewhere in the new world,
Hence —
2. To select for an ofBce or employ-
aperient and a diuretic. ment by a majority or plurality (according to
and which Grellana averred that he had found agreement) of votes choose by ballot or any ;
That eiderierriet are poison, as we are tangbt by tradi- in his voyage down the Amazon in 1540-41.
tion, exi>erience will unteach us.
This was soon disproved, but the search was continued similar method as, to elect a representative or
:

Sir T. Broume, Vulg. Err., IL 7.

down to the eighteenth century, and the name has be- a senator ; to elect a president or mayor.
elderess (el'difer-es), n. A female elder, come a synonym for any region said to abound in the After the Death of Hubert Archbishop of Canterbury,
means of easily acquired wealth. It was used with 8i>e- the plonks of that Convent secretly In the Night elected
elderfathert, «• See eldfatker. cillc reference to California for some years after the dis- one Reginald, their Sub-Prior, to succeed him.
elder-gun (el'dfer-gun), ». A popgun made of covery of gold there in 1848. Sometimes written as one Baker, Chronicles, p. 73.
elder-wood by extracting the pith. word: as, the Eldorado of the West.
3. To choose prefer ; determine in favor of.
Tliat's a perilous shot out of an elder j/un, that a poor My sick brother, as in hospital-maladies men do, thou ;

and private displeasure can do against a monarch dreamest of Paradises and El Doradot, which are tar from Of his Deghter by dene, that were dere holdyn.
Shak., Hen. V., Iv. 1. thee. Cartyte. One Creusa was eald kyndly by nome.
That Eneas afterward Elit to wed.
If he give not back his crown again upon the report of In Eldorado, we are told, the children in the streets That spokyn is of specially in our spede after.
an elder-gun, I have no augury. play with nuggets of gold instead of marbles. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1491.
Beau, and Ft., Fhllaster, i. 1. Fortnightly See., N. S., XL. 98.
They have been, by the means that they elected, carried
elderly (el'd^r-U), a. [< eWcrl + -Jjl.] Some- eldrich, eldritch (el'drich), a. [Sc., also for- beyond the end that they designed.
Boyle, Essay on Scripture.
what old advanced beyond middle age
; ; bor- merly spelled elriche, elrische, elraige, elrick, aU
dering on old age as, elderly people.
: risch, allerish, airy, elphrish, etc.; origin un- Yourself elected law should take its course.
weird ; pre- Avenge wrong, or show vengeance not your right.
I knew them all as l>ables, and now they re elderly men. certain. ] Hideous ; ghastly ; -wild ; Browning, Ring and Book, I. 149.
Tennyson, The Grandmother. ternatural.
=Syn. Old, etc. See aged. =8yTL Select, Prefer, etc. See choose.
She heard strange elritch sounds
eldemif (el'd^m), [Also eldren; < eWerl
a. + Upon elect (e-lekt'), a. and n. [= F. Hit
that .wind which went. Sp. electo =
-ji.J Elder; elderly; aged. I. 123). Pg." eleito It. eletto, < L. eleetus, pp. : see
The Young TanUane (Child's Ballads, = =
His lengthen'd chin, his tum'd-up snout. elect, V. t.] I. a. 1. Chosen; selected from
Then cot it speaks an eldren knight. . . .
"O liand your tongue, ye eldren mail, His eldritch squeal and gestures. among a number ; taken in preference to others
And bring me not to shame." Bums, Holy Fair. specifically, in theol., chosen as the special ob-
Tam-a-LiM (ChUd's Ballad*, L 200). Elean (e'le-an), a. Same as Eliac. jects of mercy or divine favor ; chosen to eter-
eldem^ (el'dfem), a. [< elder^ +
-n, for -en. Eleatic (el-e-at'ik), a. and «. [< L. Eleaticus, nal life.
Cf. ME. ellem, etc., elder.] Of elder; made of also Eleates, pertaining to Elea, Gr. 'EX/a, L. The elder unto the elect lady and her children, whom I
also Velia and Uelia, orig. called (by its Greek love in the truth. 2 John 1.
elder belonging to the elder.
;

Hee would discharge tu as boyes do etdertu gnnnes— founders) Tt

/.J?, i. e. (prob.), 'pr/.'/, < £/j)C, orig. Some I have chosen of peculiar grace.
Elect above the rest. Milton, P. L., ill. 184.
Of
one pellet to strike out another. 'Fth)i, a marsh, low ground by rivers.] I. a.
Martton and Webtter, Malcontent, iv. 4. or pertaining to Elea (Latin Velia), an ancient Thrilling with the electric touch of sacred leaves, he saw
in vision, like Dante, that small procession of the elder
Nettles are put in pottage, and sallata are made of eldem- Greek town in southern Italy or Magna Grtecia poets to which only elect centuries can add another lau-
bods. Fuller, Holy SUte, L v. & specifically, an epithet given to a school of relled liead. Loivell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 310.

eldership (el'dir-ship), n. [< elder^ + -«Aip.] (ireek philosophy founded by Xenophanes of

1. Sfiiiority ; the state of being older. [Kare Colophon, who resided in Elea. The most distin-
guished philosophers of this school were Parmenides and
or obsolete.]
Zeno. 'The main Eleatic doctrines are developments of
2. Chosen to an office, as by vote, but not yet in-
augurated, consecrated, or invested with office
in this sense usually after the noun as, gov-
:

No other dominion than paternity and eU»r$Up. the conception that the One, or Absolute, alone Is real. ernor or mayor elect. 3. Of such a nature as —
Btdeigh, Hist World, L ii. i 1.
n. n. 1. An
inhabitant of Elea. 2. ad- — An to merit choice or preference noble exalted. ; ;

Though Truth and Falsehood are as twins ally'd. herent of the Heatic philosophv. Emerson stood hale and serene and sane,
. . elect and
+
.

There's elderthip on Truth's delightful side. Eleatici8m(el-e-at'i-8izm), ». [<£ka«e -»«»».] beautiful in every aspect of his mind.
Pamell, IXmnes Third Satire VersiBed. LXXVI. 478. Harper's Mag.,
The doctrines of the Eleatic school of philoso-
2. The office of an elder : as, he was elected to phy. H. n. sing, or pi. 1. A person or persons
the eldership. — 3. A body or an order of elders. elec. An abbreviation of electric and electricity, chosen or set apart ; one or more selected for a
No repeated crambes of Christ's discipline, of Elders elecampane (el'e-kam-pan'), ». [Formerly eli- particular service or honor.
and Elaenhipt, ... no engine was capable to buoy up campatte, aleaim'jmne, alycompaine, heliecampa-
Bp. Oauden, Tears of the Church, p. 17.
Behold my servant, whom I uphold mine elect, in whom ;
Presbytery.
nie (the first part, being al- my soul delighteth. Isa. xliL 1.
elder-tree (el'dtr-tre), n. See elder^. tered appar, in simulation These reverend fathers, the elect of the land.. . .

elder-'wine (el'dfer-wln), n. wine made from A of the L. name helenium = Shak., Hen. VIII., ii. 4.
clilcrlMTries. tisually with the addition of some Gr. i>h>iov (> AS. elene)-. < The executive, the elect of the whole State, has in no in-
Kjiirit. OF. enule-campane, < ML. stance any medium of communication with his constitu-
ents, except through the legislature.
eldest (el'dest), a. superl. [< ME. eldest, el- inula campana, elecam- N.A. Rev., CXXIII. 4.
dente, ealdeste, aUlest, < AS. yldesta, superl. of pane: L. inula, elecam-
eoM, old. The form oldest is mod., < old + pane, perhaps an accom. 2. Those who are chosen by God to eternal life.
-est; cf. elder^, a.] Oldest; most advanced in of helenium, < Gr. i/.iviov, a He shall send his angels, . and they . . shall gather to-
hU from the four winds. Mat. xxiv. 31.
age; that was bom
first: as, the eldest son or plant supposed to be ele- gether elect

daughter. campane ; ML. campana, 'Tls true we all hold there Is a number of elect, and many
to be saved. Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, L 66.
Thenlie (the king of Moab) took hinetdet son that should prob. for campania, fem.of
have reiinieil in his stead, and oReied him for a burnt of- campanius, eampaneus, of As God hath appointed the elect unto glory, so hath He,
fering upon the wall. 2 Kl. lii. '17. Elecampane (/MWa Htle- by the eternal and most free purpose of His will, foreor-
the field, < L. campus, a field MtUfH). dained all the means thereunto.
O, my offence is rank, it smells to heaven
see campaign, champagne.'] West. Con/, of Faith, ill. § 6.
It hath the primal eldstt curse upon 't,
1. The common name of Inula Helenium, a
A brother's murtber '.
Shak., Hamlet, lii. 3.
elect. An abbreviation of electric and electricity.
coarse stout composite plant, a native of cen-
Eldest hand. Sec Hand. electantt (e-lek'tant), n. [< L. elcctan{t-)s, ppr.
eldfathert, n. [< ME. eldfader, eldefader, aid- tral Europe and Asia, sometimes cultivated,
of c/cctor<^, rare freq. of eligere, elect see elect.] :

fader, < AS. ealdfader, aldftrder (= OFries. al- ami often found naturalized in meadows and One having the power of choosing.
dafeder, aldfader), grandfather, < eald, old, + pastures in the eastern United States, it was
one of the most famous of old medicines, having a special You cannot go on further to entitle him a free electant
fader, father : see old (and eld) and fa ther. Cf reputation In all pulmonary affections, and It Is still used too. A. Tucker, Light of Nature, II. ili. 26.
eldmother.} 1. A grandfather. as a domestic remedy for various complaints. (e-lek'ta-ri), n. An obsolete form of
electaryt
The wyt of hire fadlr or of hire eld^adir. Seed-pearl were go<xl now, boiled with syrup of apples, electiiary.
CAatwer, Boethlus, U. prow 4. Tincture of gold, and coral, citron-pills,
2. A father-in-law. Your elieamyane root, myrobalanes. electicism (e-lek'ti-sizm), «. An improper form
B. Jonton, Volpone, ilL 2. of eclecticism. [Rare.]
eldin, n. See eUUitg.
 ; ; — —

electioii 1866 electoress

election (e-lek'shon), [< ME. election^ elec-
ti. tain boroughs, from 8 A. M. till 8 P. M. In 1885 (48 Vict., Specifically In the Roman-German empire, one of the
(a)
= = c. 10) it was extended to include all such elections.— Poinx seven or more princes who had the right to elect the em-
cioun, < OP, electioHf F, election Pr. clectio
or place of election, in surif., the preferred point, as, in peror. As established by the Golden Bull of 1356, these
Sp. eleccion =
Pg. eleicdo =
It. el€::ionej < L. elec- ligature arteries, the point where in a normal person the were the spiritual electors of Mayence, Treves, and Cologne,
tio{n-), a choosing, < eligere, pp. eJectus, pick artery can be most conveniently and atlvantageously tied. and the temporal electors of the Khine Palatinate, Saxony,
out, choose, elect : see W<?c^] 1, deliberate A —Primary election. See ^nj/tan/.— strong or weak Brandenburg, and Bohemia. Other German princes, as tlie
particularly, a choice of means election, in astrol., a great or small preference for one rulers of Bavaria, Hanover, etc., also had voices in the
act of choice ;
time rather than another. =Syn. 1 and 2. Choice, Pre/er- college of electoral princes for longer or shorter periods.
for accomplishing a given end. ence, etc. See option. The original electors held also the great magisterial offices
Nor headlong carrieil by the stream of will, election-auditor (e-lek'shon-&^^di-tor), w. In of the intperial court. The whole system passed away
Nor by his owu election led to iU. with the empire in 1806. The temporal princes holding
Great Britaiu, an officer annually appointed for the right were generally known by the title of elector in
Daniel, Civil Ware, iv.
each constituency, to whom is committed the their several dominions.
For what is Man
without a mooving mind,
duty of auditing and publishing the account of
Which hath a judging wit and chusiiig will? Munich is a place visited by most of the strangers who go
Now if God's power should her election bind, all expenses incurred at parliamentary elec- into Germany ; the elector's palace in the town was finely
Her motions then would cease and stand all still. tions. furnished. Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 214.
Sir J. Daviet, Nosce Teipsum. electioneer (e-lek-sho-ner'), r. /. [< election + (b) In the United States, one of the presidential elec-
I had thought you -cer.] To employ means for influencing an elec- toi-s. See below.
Had had more judgment to have made election tion, as public speaking, solicitation of votes, The President of the United States . . and the Vice-
.

Of your companions, President are chosen for the term of four years, by elec-
B. Jonson, Every Man in his Humour, i. 1. etc.; work
for the success of a candidate or of tors, appointed in such manner as the several States may
—
The freedom of election a freedom which is indispen- a party in an election : as, to electioneer for a direct. Calhoun, Works, I. 176.
sable to all moral value, whether in doing or in suffering, candidate, or for a ticket ; he electioneered with The electors have no practical power over the election,
in believing or denying. De Quincey, Essenes, i great effect. and have had none since their institution.
2. The choice of a person or persons for office He . . . tookcaretoengageinhisinterestall those un- T. H. Benton, Thirty Years, I. 37.
of any kind by the voting of a body of quali- derlings who delight in galloping round the country to Presidential electors, persons elected by the voters of
electioneer. Afiss Edgeworth, Kosanna, iii. the several States for the purpose of electing the next
fied or authorized electors. The persons voted for
President and Vice-President of the United States. Ori-
are called catuiidates, or, with reference to their selection The experiment is now making, . . . whether candidates
for the presidency shall openly electioneer for that office.
ginally they were expected to exercise some independent
as candidates, nominees. Election for public office is now
choice among members of each party represented in their
almost universally effected by the use of printed ballots. B. Choate, Addresses, p. 425,
body ; but in practice their function soon became merely
(See balloti.) The decision may depend ui>on the cast-
ing of an actual majority of all the votes for a caniUdate,
electioneerer (e-lek-8ho-ner'6r), n. One who that of casting votes predetermined by party nomination.
electioneers. Each State has as many electors as it has representatives
as in various European countries and in some of the
and senators in Congress. No person holding an office
United States, or upon a plurality or the largest number Many loud-tongued electioneer e.rs, who proved to Vivian,
of votes for any candidate where there are more than two
under the United States government is eligible for au
by everything but calculation, that he must be returned elector.— The Great Elector, the name usually given to
opposing candidates, as in most of the United States. In if he would but stand. Miss Edgeworth, Vivian, ii. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenbui^ from 1640 to
the former case a new election has to be held when there
electioneering (e-lek-sho-ner'ing), p. a. Of or 1688, who greatly strengthened the Brandenburg- Prussian,
is no actual majority; in the latter a single balloting is
jH) wer, and prepared the way for the elevation of the Prus-
final unless there is a tie, which is very rare. pertaining to the influencing of voters before or sian monarchy under Frederick the Great.
And alweys thei maken here Queen by Eleccioun, that is at an election : as, electioneering practices.
electoral (e-lek'to-ral), a. [= F. Electoral =
most worthy in Armes. Mandeville, Travels, p. 155. elective (e-lek'tiv), a. and n. [= F. Mectif = Sp. electoral ^ Pg. eleitoral = It. elettorale ; <
The election of a Pi'esident of America, some years hence, Pr. electiu =
Sp. Pg. electivo It. elettivo, \ L. = elector + -«/,] Of or pertaining to election or
will be much more interesting to certain nations of Europe as if *electivusj < electuSj pp. of eligere, pick out,
than ever the election of a king of Poland was. electors ; consisting of electors.
Jefferson, Correspondence, II. 275.
choose: ^qq elect.'] I. a, 1. Chosen by election;
Such are the subdivisions in favour of the electoral and
dependent on choice ; bestowed or passing by other princes of the empire. Burke, Economical Reform.
3. The act or process of choosing a person or election: as, an c/cciiVe monarchy (one in which
persons for office by vote a polling for office The restriction of the electoral franchise to the class
;
the king is raised to the throne by election) which was qualified to serve on juries commended itself
also, the occasion or set time and provision for
the office is elective: opposed to hereditary, or to moderate politicians of the fifteenth century.
making such choice as, a general or a special
:
to tenure by appointment. Stubbs, Const. Hist., § 368.
election ; American elections are generally held
The elective mode of obtaining rulers is the characteris- Electoral college, a name infoimally given to the elec-
in autumn. tic policy of republican government. tors of a single State, when met to vote for President and
Election, in a political sense, was formerly limited to A. IJamilton, The Federalist, No. Ivii. Vice-President of the United States, and sometimes to the
*'the act of choosing a person to fill an office or employ- whole body of electors. See presidential electors, under
It came whether the monarchy was he-
to be disputed elector.
ment." The new sense ... is a voting at the polls to reditary or elective. J. Adams, Works, IV. 362.
ratify or reject a proposed measure. In case the electoral college fails to choose a Vice-Presi-
Pro/. F. P. Brewer, in Trans. Amer. Philol. Ass., By its [the House of Lords'] side arose the House of Com- dent, the power devolves on the Senate to make the se-
[XVII., App., p. vii. mons, the elective house of the knights, citizens, and bur- lection from the two candidates having the highest num-
E. A. FreemQLn, Amer. Lects., p. 369.
Hence — 4. By extension, a public vote upon a
gesses.
An elective magistracy and clergy, land for all who would
ber of votes.
Electoral commission, in U.
Calhoun, Works, I. 175.

an extraordinary
proposition submitted ; a poll for the decision till it, and reading and writing, will ye, nill ye.
S. hist.,
commission, consisting of five senators, five representa-
by vote of any public matter or question as, : Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 230.
tives, and five associate justices of the Supreme Court of
to hold an election on a new constitution, or on 2. Pertaining or relating to or consisting in the the United States, created by an act of Congress in 1877, to
a measure referred by the legislature to the choice or right of choosing by vote : as, the elec- whom were to be referred all electoral votes for President
people. [U. S.] —
5t, Discernment; discrimi- tive principle in government ; the elective fran-
and Vice-President as to the admission of which the two
houses could not agree, the Republicans having a major-
nation; distinction. chise. ity in the Senate and the Democrats in the House of Rep-
To use men with much difference and election is good. The pope rejected both candidates, declared the
. . .
resentatives. The occasion for the disagreement was the
Bacon. power to be forfeited, and put in his own nominee.
elective
opposite views taken by the respective parties as to the
relative validity of different sets of electoral votes re-
6. In theol. : (a) The choice by God of partic- Stubbs, Const. Hist., § 382.
turned from the lately seceded States of Louisiana, South
ular individuals either (1) to be the recipients The elective right of the chapters and the archiepiscopal Carolina, and Florida, and also from Oregon, which would
confirmation were formally admitted. decide the election. The result was the seating of the
of his grace and of eternal life, or (2) to be
Stubbs, Const. Hist, § 381. Republicans Hayes and Wheeler, as against the Democrats
commissioned for a particular work. Whether Tilden and Hendricks.— Electoral crown, the crown
the choice in the former case is absolute or conditional is 3. Exerting the power of choice.
worn by the electors of the Roman-German empire, repre-
a disputed question in theolot^y. Calvinism maintains All moral goodness consisteth in the elective act of the sented as arched with four half-circles supporting an orb
that it is absolute Arminianism, that it is conditional.
; understanding will. N. Grew, Cosmologia Sacra. and a cross, and doubled or faced with ermine, which
Knowing, brethren beloved, your election of God.
4. Selecting for combination: as, an elective turns up round the lower rim and has a scalloped edge,
1 Thes. i. 4. and with two fillets hanging down on the two sides.
attraction, which is a tendency in bodies to
This election was not founded upon foreseen faith, and Electoral mantle, a mantle worn as a mark of office by
unite with certain kinds of matter in preference the electors of the Roman-German empire.
the obedience of faith, holiness, or any other good quality
or disposition in man, as the prerequisite, cause, or con- —
to other kinds Elective affinity. See chemical af- electoralityt (e-lek-to-ral'i-ti)* «• [< electoral
dition on which it depended but men are chosen to faith
; finity, under cAemicai.— Elective franchise, monarchy,
See the nouns.
+ ~ity.] An electorate.
and to the obedience of faith, holiness, etc. etc.
Understanding as well this declaration to be for the
Canons of
Synod of Port, ix.
the II, n. In the colleges of the United States,
and estates, situate and being
elect oralities, principalities,
I believe election means, secondly, a divine appointment an optional study; any one of a number of within the empire. Beliquice Wottoniance, p. 534.
of some men to eternal happiness. studies from which the scholar is allowed to
But I believe this
election to be conditional,' as well as the reprobation op-
select that which he prefers. electorate (e-lek'tor-at), n. [= F. electorat =
posite thereto. John Wesley, Works, VI. 28.
Post-graduate electives are allowed to a limited extent.
Sp. electorado Pg. eleitorado It. elettorato; = =
(&t) Those who are elected by God to eternal Jour. Pedagogy, I., No. 6, advertising p. 6. as elector -ate^.] 1. The whole body of elec- +
life. tors ; the aggregate of citizens entitled to vote.
electively (e-lek'tiv-li), adv. By choice; with
Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for but
preference of one to another.
; Our Liberal electorate has the task thrown upon it not
the election hath obtained it. Rom. xi. 7. only of choosing a good minister, but also of determining
Cabbage is no food for her [the
the good shall be butterfly] ; yet in the what which this minister is to bring us.
7. In astral, f a reason for choosing one time cabbage, not by chance, but studiously and electively, she M. Arnold, in Nineteenth Century, XIX. 654.
rather than another for an undertaking a lays her eggs. ; Paley, Nat. Theol., "xviii.
In the new Parliament, notwithstanding the vast in-
preference of times. See rootj n. electivity (e-lek-tiv'i-ti), n, [< elective + -ity.'] crease of the electorate, there was no direct representation
The assendent sothly, as well In alle nativitez as in ques- The quality of being elective. F. W. H. Myers. of the unions. The Century, XXVIII. 129.
tiouns & elecciouns of tymes, is a thing which that thise
astrologiens gretly observen.
elector (e-lek'tor), n. [= F. 6lecteur = Sp. elector 2. The dignity of an elector in the Roman-Ger-
Chaucer, Astrolabe, ii. § 4.
Electionif hold good In those cases only where both the
= Pg. eleitor = It. elettore, < L. elector^ a chooser, man empire. 3. The territory of an elector in
< eligerCf pp. electuSj pick out, choose see elect.']
—
virtue of the heavenly Iwdies is such as does not quickly Germany. :

pass, and the action of the inferior bodies is such as is not One who elects or has the right of choice a He can himself command, when he pleases, the ;
. . .

auddeoly accomplished. person who has the legal right of voting for whole strength of an electorate in the empire.
Bacon, De Augmentis (tr. by Spedding), ii. 4. any functionary or the adoption of any mea- Addison, Freeholder.
8. In math.^ a part or the whole of a number sure a voter, in free governments the people, or such electoress, electress (e-lek'tor-es, -tres), M.
;

of distinguishable objects. The number of elections of them as possess the prescribed qualifications, are the [= F. Slectrice = It. eleitrice; as elector + -ess.]
of n
things is 2« —
l. Thus, the elections of three things, electors of their legislative representatives, and in some,
The wife or widow of an elector of the Boman-
A, B, C, are : A, B, C, AH. AC, BC. ABC—
Age Of elec- as the United States, of their principal executive oflScers,
Gerraan empire.
tion. See^^^ri— Disseizin by election, sw disseizin. and in some cases of their judicial oflicers.
— Elections (Hours of Poll) Act, an Knt-'lish statute of The rule of Jefferson was followed in requiring no prop- The eyes of all the protestants in the nation turned to-
1884 (47 and 48 V|<;t., c. 34), which established hours for erty qualification for an elector. wards the electoress of Brunswick who was daughter to the
;

voting at parliamentary and municipal elections in cer- Bancroft, Hist. Const, II. 113. queen of Bohemia. Bp. Burnet, Hist Owa Times, an. 1700.

electorial
electorial (e-lek-ta-ri-al), a. [< elector -toZ.]
Same as electoral. [Rare.]
1 make no doubt they [the revoliitinn society) would
soon erect themselves into an electorial college, if things
were ripe to give effect to their claim.
Burke, Rev. in France.
electorship (e-lek'tor-ship),
ship.^ The office of an
And the Bavarian hath male-issue of this young lady,
if
the son is to succeed him in the electorship,
HttuxU, Letters, L vL 2a
Electra (e-lek'tra), n. [L., < Gr. 'H/ixTpa, a
fern, proper name: see electrum.'] 1. One of
the Pleiades, 20 Tauri.— 2. [NL.] In zoiil. (a)
A genus of polyps. Lamarck, 1816. (6) A ge-
nus of lepidopterous insects. Stephens, 1829.
(c) A genus of dipterous insects. Loea, 1845.
((f) A genus of moUusks.
electret, «• A middle English form of electrum.
electrepeter (e-lek-trep'e-t6r), n. [Incorrect-
ly formed, appar. meant for "eleetrotrope, < Gr.
i/MKTpov, amber (repr. electricity), Tpi-reiv,
turn.] An instrument for changing the direc-
tion of electric currents. i
electress, ». See electoress.
electric (e-lek'trik), a. and ». [= F. Hectrique
= Sp. electrico Pg. eieetrico =
It. elettrico (ef.
D. G. elektrisch =
Dan. 8w. elektrisk), < NL.
electricus, < L. electrum, amber (repr. electri-
city): see e/ecfruni. First used by Gilbert, "Vim
illam electricam nobis placet appeUare" (De
.Magnete (1600), ii. 2, p. 47).] I. a. [Also elec-
trical.'] 1. Containing electricity, or capable of
exhibiting it when excited by friction as, an
electric body, such as amber or glass. Boyle,
Atmospheres of Consistent Bodies (1667).
2. Pertaining to or consisting in electricity:
as, electric power; an electric discharge. 3.
Derived from or produced b v electricity as, an
electric shock; an electric light. 4. Convey-
ing electricity; producing electricity; com-
municating a shock by electricity: as, an elec-
tric machine ; electric wires ; the electric eel or
fish.
CertsiD flihe* belonging to the generm Torpedo (among
tlieElasmobninchilX Oymnotiu, Malaptemms, and Mor-
myrus (among the Teleostei), pua»e« organs which convert
nervous energy into electricity, Just as muscles convert
the same energy into ordinary motion. . . . The nerves of
the electrical organs procee<i from the flftli pair, and from
the electric lobe ot the medulla oblongata, which appear*
to be developed at the origin of the pnenmogastrioa.
liuzUy, Anst Vert.,
8. Operated bv electricity
an electric railway. 8. Figuratively, full of—
fire, spirit,or passion, and capable of commu-
nicating it to others; magnetic.
KleeMc Pindar, quick as fear.
With race-dust on his cheeks, and clear
Slant startled eyes.
Jfr<. Browning, Vision of Poeta,
Dynamo-electric machine. See dtctrie nuuhint, be-
low.— Electric absorption. See retidual charge, under
rMMuoJ. — Electric action, in organ.bmlding, a mecha-
nism in which the omneetl.in between the keyboani
and the pii>es ii made liy the help of electricity. — Eleo-
^C alarm, any alarm or signaling device controlled or
operated by a current of electricity. The alarm Is sound-
ed by the cloatug of the electric circuit, which may be
effected by a thermoatat, a door, a sash, or other derioe^
according to the parpoee for which the alarm is used. See
alarm, tktrmotUU, and /bn^alarm Electric annmieUlr
tor, an apparatus by means of which the location of the
point at which an electric circait is made or broken is in-
diiated. A number of electromagnets are connected, each
with some particular station, room, or point fn>m which a
signal may eome; the opening or closing of the circuit at
any of these points operates electroma:.-net to which ue
it is Joined, bringing into view a numl>er, letter, or word
in'li'Mtin^' the location of the point An alarm-bell is
senerilly nmg at the same time. -Electric apparatus,
till- various machines and applianees necessary for con-
ilncting electrical experiments, and illustrating the laws of
el. tdi; action.— Electric atmoapbere, electric atira.
<
s. „,ira\. -Electric bridge, call-bell, clock, current,
displacement, eel, egg, fuse, governor, hammer,
harpoon, 'le. s. .ihc nr.iMn. -
in wtiich .[< tri'- f-.r. • 'xi-t-i. - Electric force, the force
exi-tiii.: ;trii .:u' hM.ii.h ' hitj'-'i
til'- '-iMfen' - i.f Iti.' ri,rir'_-.-. - EleCtTiC l&mp, the con-
trivance in which tljf .-]' tri
tric light, li:.-ht |.r-liii"i Ir. l.riii.-lty especially, a
brilliant ligiit f'T purii^'^e-^ "i ill'iniination obtained hj
means of a powerful current of electricity, generated by
a magneto- or dyiiamo-eiectric machine. The light is
of two general kiiidL the ardight and the ineana4»cmt
light In the fltit toe voltaic arc is employed: in the
second a resisting conductor Is rendered incandescent
by the onrrenL The arc-light (see voltaie are, under
ari-\) is produced when a powerful current passes be-
tween two carbon electrodiss, at first in contact and
afterward 8eparat#>d a short distance, the result being
the formation "f the v->ItTiic arc. The light of the arc and
the glowing eariNmiw.inf 8 han great InteTislty, and electric
lamps of this Itind are ext'-iiHlvely used for pnrposes of illil-
miTiation. where a powerfnl liAt (1.200 candle-power or
upward) can t«e efmnmieally employed. In order to keep
the cari>on electrodes at a constant distance, so that the
light may be uniform, some form of regulator is generally
—; , ;
1867
+ needed. Commonly an electromagnet, through which the
current passes, is used for this purpose. As tlie carbons
are slowly consumed the distance ijetween them increases
the current meets with greater resistance, and is weaitened
accordingly; this in turn wealiens the electromagnet,
which acts less powerfully on its armature, and thus
through some mechanical device causes the points to ap-
n. [< elector + proach each other. If they come too near together, tlie
strengthened current strengthens the electromagnet, and
elector. the same contrivance pulls them apart again so that
the current automatically regulates itself. In electric can-
dies this necessity is done away with here, as in the Jab-
; When a powerful current of electricity is required, a mag-
lochkoff candle, for example, the carbon pencils are placed
side by side, separated by some insulating earthy substance,
the arc is formed at tlie
A ui top, and the candle burns
:
f^. away in a manner analo-
gous to that of an ordi-
nary candle. With these
candles alternating car-
rents are employed to ob-
viate the difficulty that
+ rents are reversed for each half-revolution, and hence a
= which a numl>er of separated coils of insulated wire are
Arc-lamp.
B, hanger ; C, switch />, resistance
:
coil £. m^oets ; F, clutch G, car-
; ;
:
boo rod; //, upper carbon; /, gas- , ,
Incandescent Lamp,
check plug: JtT, inclosing bulb; i.
lower carbon; Af, lower carbon hold-
er; jV, hook for tail-piece.
would othenriBe arise from the more rapid consumption
— of the carbon forming the positive pole. In an incan-
: descent electric lamp, or glow-lamp, the current i^ made
— to pass through a strip of some sulistance which, because
of its higli resistouce, becomes highly heated, and lience
brilliantly incandescent Practically, the only suitable
substance known is carbon, which in the form of a thin strip
or wire, carefully prepared for the purpose (for example,
from a strip of bamboo) and bent in a loop, is inuloaed in
a btUb of glasB from which the air has been exhausted.
The vacnnm Is essential to prevent the consumption of
the carbon at the bigh temperature to which it Ia raised.
The Incandescent iiglit is comparable in brlliiancy to a
good ffasbumer, and is hence suitable for general house
illumination ; It is snperior to gas in steadiness, and has
the great advantage that it does not vitiate the air. The
current employed has, tor lamps of ordinary power, much
less strength than that needed for the urc-iight. The
p. M. clutch-lamp Is an arc-lamp in which the rod to which the
: as, an electric bell upper carbon Is attacheu la stirrounded by an annular
clutch, which Is raided when the circuit is completed,
thus establishing ttie arc — Electric log, a ship's log in
which the recuitling mechanism may be stopped by clos-
ing an electrical circuit through the tow-line when it is
necessary to haul ttie log on t>oard ship. Another form
of electric log uses the recording mechanism to close a
circuit throo^ ttie tow-line, ami rt-p<>rt thi- record of the
log on the veaseL See Io<7.— Electric machine, a ma-
chine for genermting laiye quantities of electricity. Those
commonly used for prt^ucing statical electricity depend
upon either friction or Induction for their operation. For
producing current electricity a magneto- electric or dy-
namo-electric machine is employed. The frictionul elec-
tric machine osoally consists of a plate or cylinder of
Frlctiooal Electric Machine.
A, glass plate ; S, rubber, holding amalgam ; C, collecting points;
/>, prime conductor.
Electric field, any opuco glass, which Is made by means of a handle to revolve be-
tween stationary cusliions whose surfaces are covered
wilij t-Ieetricity. due to with amalgam. One form of electricity (positive) is gen-
erated on the revolving plate, and is taken off by combs
in produced.- Elec-
Ii_'hr to a large brass cylinder called the pritw conductor ; the
.
; other (negative) is generated on the cuahlon.t, and may
also be collected on aconduct«)r, )>nt isgenerally allowed to
pass off to the earth through a metallic chain. 1'he elec-
tricity obtained Is the e*iuivaU-nt of the mechanical energy
expended in turning the crantf, less that ^vhich tlirough
friction is expended in prottucing useless heat. An in-
duction-machine acta upon the principle of induction.
Thus, in the Holtz machine no friction Is used except to
charge the armatures. It consists of a stationary glass
plate with two open spaces, or "windows," on ojtpoRite
sides of the center, and of a second glass plate which Is
revolved very rapidly In front of It. On the other side of
the movable plate, and opposite the windows, are two
combs connecting with brass conductors ending in Inrtre
knobs. On one edge of each window Is attached a piece
of paper, called the armature, and a tongue of paper pro-
jects from It Into the open space toward the revolving
wheeL In the use of the Holtz machine and others of
;
elecrtiric
the same kind a small initial charge must fii-st be com-
municated to the armatui-e. By induction this is in-
creased until a maximum, depending on the insulating
power of the machine and its supporte, is reached. The
electrical energy developed has its equivalent in the work
done in overcoming alternate attraction and repulsion of
the moving and fixed parts. The effects of an induction-
machine are much more powerful than tliose of the plate-
machine, and it is less influenced by dampness in the air.
; It is consequently a very useful machine in the physical
laboratory, being much used for statical experiments.
neto-electric or dynamo-electric machine driven by a
steam- or gas-engine, or by water-power, is employed.
These machines depend upon the induction which takes
place between magnets and coils of wire, when their rela-
tive positions are changed. (See wdwc(ton.) The distinc-
tion between the magneto- and dynamo-machines is that
in the former a permanent magnet is employed, while in
the latter its place Is taken by an electromagnet. A
simple form of the first cunsists of a large horseshoe mag-
net, before the poles of which two bobbins wound with
insulated copper wire and inclosing cores of soft iron are
made to revolve; the variation in magnetic intensity and
polarity as these soft iron cores alternately approach and
recede from the poles of the permanent magnet produces
induced currents in the wire of the bobbins. These cur-
machine of this type produces an alternating cuiTent.
By the use of a commutator, however, the current may be
rectified, so that it passes through the connecting wire
always in the same direction. In another form of the
machine the soft iron core Is in the form of a ring, about
wound, the ends of which are taken to the central axis. Tliis
circular armature revolves between the poles of the horse-
shoe magnet, and the result is the generation of a current in
one direction in one half of the coils, and in the opposite
direction in the other half. The current is taken off for
the outside circuit by means of two metallic brushes on
each side of the central axis. The magneto- electric ma-
chine has been displaced for practical use by the dynamo-
,
Brush Multi-circuit Dynamo.
A,
or
field frame ; B, armature ; C,
field spools; ,^, pole piece ; F,
armature coils; D, magnet-coils
automatic regulator for shifting
brushes, tnereby maintaining a constant current in the lamp circuit
regardless of the number of lamps in operation; (7, commutator; H,
brush-holder /, brushes J, mam circuit switch K. circuit switches
; ; ;
/., series lamps on multiple circuit.
electric machine, or dynamo. The dynamo-machines in
use are of many forms, but all consist essentially of one
or more large electromagnets (called the field-magnei8)hC'
tween the jwles of which an armature, consisting of asoft
iron core wound with coils of insulated copper wire, is made
to revolve very rapidly by means of an engine. In most of
them the principle of reduplication is involved— that is,
commencing with a very small amount of residua! mag-
netism in the fleld-magnets, the inductive action between
them and the revolving armature results in the produc-
tion of a feeble cuireiit in the coils. Tliis current may be
made to pass through the wire of the stationary magnets,
strengthening them so that they exert a stronger inductive
iiiflnencc on the armature, thus producing a strong cur-
rent in the coils, which again charges more strongly the
ft? Id- magnets, and so on until the machine is in full action.
The charging of the field-magnets is accomplished in dif-
ferent ways. In some forms of the machine the fleld-
magnets are excited by independent currents, produced by
separate machines In other forms (called series dynamos)
;
the current generated in the armattire charges the field-
niagneta, and is also used for the outside work, the coils
of the electromagnets, in other words, forming part of
the external circuit; in still other forms (called shunt
df/vamos) a portion only of the current generated in the
armature Is used to charge the field-magnets, the re-
mainder being taken off for the practical outside work.
Many different forms of the machine are now in use,
and they have proved an economical and convenient
 — ; :

electric 1868 electroballistic

or frietional electricity, including the electricity pro- charge very distant and widely distributed, as on the
is
means of obtaining powerful currents of electricity, wlien walls of a room, the first may be said to be " free" elec-
It is to be used for producing the electric liglit, for electro- duced by friction and "analogous means, the phenomena
tricity.
plating, for the transmission of power or energy, and so of which are chiefly statical, and c«>Ti»if electricitij (also
on. In the transmission of energy by electricity, the called vAtaic electricitii), including that produced by the electricute (e-lek'tri-kut), V. t. [Contracted
current proiluced bv the machine is made to pass thiwigh chemical or voltaic battery and electromagnetic ma- from electri- 4- execute.] To put to death iu-
chines, the phenomena of which are mostly dynamical, u means „f eieetricity.
a second madiine (called an electric motor, generally simi- aiciaiiy Dy ,„„„„„
j: ,i
;
01 filflntrifitv Also eiecti
Also elerfrn.
0-
lar to and often identical with the dynamo in form and con- The form of electricity first discovered was the frietional.
struction, the onler of working being reversed), distant a The discovery is generally attributed to Thales (sixth cen- cute. [Keeent and eolloq.]
nomber of miles, perhaps, from the first, and there it causes tury B. c), who observed that iunber, after being rubbed electriCTltioil (e-lek-tri-kti'shon), w. The act of
the armature to revolve, and this revolution may be em- by silk, had the property of attracting light bodies, like pleotriputine' ' TRpcpTit and oollnn 1
COiioq.J
It was subsequently discovered {^^l e-rus), a. [< LL. elec-
ployed to do any kind of mechanical work. Dynamos have bits of paper, bran, etc.
eleCtrUerOUP ,^\
„,i„VJj*^L„,,f (e-lek-trif
'

that gUglass; sulphur, resin, and many other bodies gained

a high degree of elficiency, many transforming over 90 per , . . .

cent, of the mechanical energy used in revolving the arma-
ture into the energy of the electric current. They furnish
the electric current much more economically, as well as
more regularly, than a voltaic battery, since the zinc, the
fuel of the latter, is an expensive and a poor fuel, as com-
pared with the coal used for the engine whicli drives the
—
dynamo. Electric meter, an instrument designed to
measure the quantity of electricity supplied to consum-
ers for the production of light or heat, or to be used as a
by friction this same property to a greater or less extent. trifer, producing amber (bearing electricity) (<
When electricity is produced by the friction of silk on
glass, that of the glass is called vitreous or positive elec-
L. electrum, amber (repr. electricity), -I- /erre =
tricity, while that of the silk rubber is called resinous or
E. •hear'^), + -ows.] Bearing or transmitting
electricity. Also clectrophorous.
negative electricitg. When produced by the friction of
flannel or silk on sealing-wax, that of the wax is negative, electriflable (e-lek'tri-fi-a-bl), a. [< electrify
and that of the flannel or silk rubber is positive. Tills dis-
tinction, which, however, is properly explained as due to
+ -able.'] 1. fapable of receiving eieetricity,
or of being charged with it that may be elec-
a dilf erence of electrical potential (see potential), extends ;

—
motive power. Electric motor. See electric machine.
—
— Electric organ. See orjro » Electric pendulum, a
form of electroscope consisting of a pith-ball suspended by
a non-eondnctingthread.- Electric piano. See jnano.—
Electric railway, a railway on wliicli electricity is the mo-
tive power. The wheels of each car may be set in motion
by an electric motor to which they are geared, or a motor-
car may draw one or more cars. There are two distinct
systems of electric railway. In one the electric motor
is actuated by a current of electricity drawn from a sec-
ondary or *' storage" battery carried with the car, gener-
ally underneath the floor in the other the current is con-
; for example, a crystal of tourmalin, on being slightly
veyed from a dynamo at some point on the line by means
of conductors, which may be supported upon poles or
placed in an underground conduit. Electric storm, —
a violent disturbance of the electrical condition of the
earth, resulting in strong earth-currents through long
lines of telegraph, often Interfering with the ordinary
working of tlie line. These storms are sometimes wide-
spread, and are thought by some physicists to be re-
lated to contemporaneous disturbances of the atmosphere
of the sun. The phrase is also applied to unusually vio-
lent displays of atmospheric electricity. —
Electric-tele-
graph cable. See ca6(e.— Electric tension, difference
of electric ijotential often used as equivalent to electro-
:
motive force, (See also battery, cell^ circuit, condenser,
electricity, fluid, potential, telegram, telephone, tengion,
gpark, unit.)
II. n. A
body or substance capable of exbib-
iting electricity by means of friction or other-
wise, and of resisting the passage of it from
one body to another. See electricity — To excite
through the whole subject, by whatever means the elec- trified or become electric. 2. Capable of re- —
tricity is produced. It is found universally true that the and transmitting the electric fluid.
ceiving __^^
two kinds of electricity are produced in equal aniountB.
Besides friction, there are other means of exciting elec-
tri n Ka snon), n.
oTor+iHfip!rtinTi7p"lpk»'tri-fi->S's'bon)
eieCirmcapiOn(,e-leK n elec-
L^ eife U
tricity, as pressure between two bodies or sudden frac- tnfy + -atlOii.] The act of electritymg, or the
ture (by which means sugar becomes faintly luminous state of being charged with electricity. This
when broken in the dark). If a piece of sealing-wax is may be positive (+) or negative (—), according as the body
broken, the opposite ends will be found to be dissimilar- jg charged with positive or negative electricity— that is,
ly electrified. This is especially true of the fracture of according as its potential is higher or lower than the as-
cleavable minerals, like mica, calcite, etc. Some crystal- sumed zero. See potential.
lized bodies become electrified by change of temperature :
electrffler (e-lek'tri-fi-6r),' n. One who or that
„,,; A7~,i^A;.;fi„„
wiiicii eiec-uiciBB.
warmed, becomes positively electrified at one extremity,
and negatively at the other ; if cooled, the poles are re- electrify (e-lek'tri-fi), V. t. ; pret. and pp. elec-
versed, (iieejtyro-electricity.) Forthechiefmeansof obtain- trified, ppr'. electrifying. [< L. electrum, amber
ing a supply of frietional electricity, see electric machine, (repr. electricity), -I- -ficare, make : see -fy.] 1.
under electric, and electrophorus. The principal subjects
considered under the head of statical electricity are the To communicate electricity to ; charge with
distribution of electricity over the surface of a conductor, eieetricity; make electric: as, to electrify s, jax.
as determined byits shape or the proximity of other eleo-
trified bodies (see density) ; the effect of induction or the
— 2. To cause electricity to pass through ; af-
fect by electricity ; give an electric shock to
production of an electrified state in a neutral body by ap-
proaching it to one already electrified, but without con- as, to electrify a limb. 3. To excite suddenly; —
tact the degree of induction, as determined by the nature
;
give a sudden shock to; surprise with some
ofthenoll-conductorordielectric(seeinduc(K>»,cojidiK;tor, sudden and startling effect, of a brilliant or
dielectric) ; the accumulation of electricity in a condenser,
shocking nature ; startle greatly ; thrill : as,
as a Leyden jar (see condenser, and Leyden jar, under
jar); the measurement of capacity, potential, quantity, etc. the whole assembly was electrified.
(as with an electrometer); and the phenomena of dis- He (Milton] electrifies the mind. Maeaulay, Milton.
charge, as the spark-discharge, which takes place between If the sovereign were now to immure a subject in defl-
bodies when they are brought near anceof the writ of Habeas Corpus, or to put a conspirator
..,.,_,
oppositely electrified ....
together, the brush-discharge, etc.
, .„-, , .;„•*„„„„
Ihe electricity gen- ^^^ torture, the whole nation would be instantly elec-
erated by friction and analogous means is in a state ol trifled
high potential (see potential), but the quantity, and there
^_.^,j by k.. ii,„ news.
the .,<>,„. Macaulay, mat Eng.,
\in^n„inti Hist. Kncr . L
i

an electric. See excite. fore the amount of electrical energy, is generally small electrinel (g-lek'trin), a. [< LL. eUctrinus, < Gr.
electrical (e-lek'tri-kal), a. [< electric + -al.'\
it has the power of overcoming great resistances and pro- riHtiTptvoQ, made
of amber or electrum, < fi7.tK-
Same as electric. ducing violent mechanical effects, as seen in the discharge Tfiov, amber, electrum: see electrum.] 1. Be-
We believe that the time has arrived when the scientific
of a Holtz machine, and still more strikingly in the case
of lightning. Frietional electricity has found but few
longing to or made
of amber. 2. Composed —
world no longer loolvs upon electrical phenomena as iso- useful applications in the arts. The eonnnon means of of the alloy called electrum (which see).
lated and separate from the phenomena of heat and light, '
_ _ ^ ......
or chemical reactions. Science, IV. 184.
battery and cell.) Electrical currents may also be ob-
+
"
producing current electricity is the voltaic battery. (See elCCtrine^ (e-lek' trill), n
-i»e^.]
"

^ [<. electrum (electric)

i'he (supposed) principle of electri

Electrical burglar-alarm, endosmosis, etc. See the
nouns.— Electrical diapason, an instrument consisting
of a tuning-fork or -reed, the vibration of which is main-
tained by means of electricity.- Electrical engineering,
the science and art of utilizing electricity, especially in the
production of light, heat, and motive power, in the trans-
mission and distribution of energy, and in its application
to a great variety of metallurgical and other processes.
talned by revolving a coil of wire in the space (magnetic
city ; a (supposed) kind of matter which mani-
field) between the poles of a steel magnet or electromag-
fests electrical phenomena.
net, so as to cut the lines of force between these poles.
This principle is made use of in magneto-electric and dy-
A hitherto undescribed ponderable chemical element,
namo-electric machines (see electric) to obtain powerful which he terms electrine, and which he assumes to be an
currents of electricity for practical use. A current may essential constituent of oxygen.
also be produced by soldering together two ends of two Ashburner, in Reichenbach's Dynamics, Pref., p. xiv.
bars of different metals, connecting the other ends with ,- . ^ . -, - , v -.

a copper wire, and then heating (or cooling) the first electnzation (e-lek-tn-za shon), n. [= F.
It also includes the science and art of the erection and
maintenance of telegraph- and cable-lines, of electric rail- point of union. This is called thermo-electricity, and --7_ _^ •„_.....
electrisation <?,_
=
,7„.j_.-
Sp. electrizacion
; t —_
=
Pg. electriza-
way-signals, and other forms of electric signalhig. Elec- — the pair of metals is called a thermo-electrical couple ; it
is analogous to the voltaic couple, only here the electri-
cSo ; as electrize -ation.] + The act of electri-
tllcal mortar, a small mortar within which a discharge fying. Also spelled electrisation.
is made to take place between two bodies charged with
cal current is obtained at the expense of the heat sup-
contrary electricities. This disruptive discharge causes plied. (See thermo-electricity.) The principal subjects It is not electricity which cures, but Electrizations, a
so violent a disturbance of the air-particles as to expel a considered under the head of current electricity are the process requiring far more technical skill than the unini-
light ball placed in the mouth of the mortar. See Volta's effects of the current in causing chemical decomposition tiated generally believe. Alien, and Neurol., VI. 163.
under (see electrolysis, electrometallurgy), in producing heat /- i i n.^ \ .. j . „„„j- „„,! .„„ .=;»/.
pistol, pistol.
and light through the resistance of the medium, including elCCtriZC (e-lek'tnz), f. J. ; Jiret.
and pp. elec-
electrically (e-lek'tri-kal-i), adv. In the man- the voltaic arc, and in the production of induced currents trizcd, ppr." electrizing. [= D. elektriseren G. =
ner of electricity, or by means of it ; as regards in a coil of wire, under certain conditions, by the action
mea-
elektrisiren =
Dan. elektrisere =
Sw. elektrisera
electricity. of another current or a magnet (see induction)
surement of strength of current (as with a galvanometer
; the
=F. ilectriser =
Sp. Pg. electrizar It. elettriz- =
electricalness (e-lek'tri-kal-nes), n. The state or ampere-meter, which see), of electromotive force (as zare, < NL. *electrizare, electrify, < L. electrum,
or quality of being electrical. [Rare.] with a volt-meter), and of resistance (as with the electric am'ber (repr. electricity).] To electric; make
electrician (e-lek-trish'an), n. [= F. Slectricien; bridge or ohm-meter), etc. The current electricity pro- electrify. Also spelled electrise.
+ l.'One who studies elec- duced by the chemical battery or ordinary dynamo-nia- -i..j._,-„ir (p lek'tri n une One or that
luai, who
wuo m
as electric -ian.'] (e-ieK tn-zei 7ei->
chine differs from the statical electricity of the frietional elCCtnzer ;, n.
tricity, and investigates its properties by ob- or induction machine, in that the difference of potentials which electrifies ; specifically, an apparatus tor
servation and experiments ; one versed in the of the poles, or, in other words, the electromotive force tJjg application of eieetricity for medical pur-
science of electricity. —
2. One engaged in the of the current when the poles are connected, is relatively
small, while the quantity of electricity is relativdy enor-
»,„cpj. Also snelled electriser.
business of making or supplying electric ap- ^^^^-^ (g-lek'tro), «. [Abbreviation of electro-
mousiy large. Correspondingly, ordinary curre
paratus or appliances. tricity has relatively very little power of overcoming a type.] kjo. electrotype.
electricity (e-lek-tris'i-ti), n. [= D. elektriciteit high resistance; no spark is obtained, even from a pow- For these reasons the Act is objectionable in prohibit-
= G. elektricitdt =
li'an. Sw. elektricitet F. = erful battery, when the poles are separated
as a small fraction of an inch ; but the current can do a
by so much ing the importation of stereos and electros.
ileetriciUS =
Sp. electricidad =
Pg. electricidade
large amount of work in producing chemical decompo-
Amer. Publishers' Circular.
= < NL. electricita(t-)s, < electri-
It. elettricita, sition (as in the electrolysis of water), or mechanically, electro-. [NL., etc., electro-, formally repr. Gr.
etis,electric: see electric.] In physics, a name when transformed by an electric motor. Induced cur- ^lenTpo-, combining form of ij^-enrpov, amber,
_._.. ,. .,,„.„
„. those
rents, however, as
K„ an
,„„.., by
produced .„ induction-coil
.„,i„„f,„„ .„ii
denoting the cause of an important class of force and
gjget^m (gge electrum), but practically a eon-
(which see), may have a vei7 high electromotive
phenomena of attraction and repulsion, chem- electrico-, combining form of electri-
consequent power of overcoming resistance.- Animal traction of
ical decomposition, etc., or, collectively, these electricity. See animal.— Conta.ct theory of elec- cus, E. electric: see electric] The combining
phenomena themselves. The true nature of elec- tricity, a theory which assumes that the electromotive form, in many modern compounds, of electric,
tricity Is aa yet not well understood ; but It is probable force of a voltaic cell, and perhaps the electricity produced often representing also electricity. [In the fol-
that it is not, as was formerly assumed, of the nature of by friction, is due to the difference of potential assumed lowing compounds containing electro-, where the second
—
a fluid either a single fluid, as was supposed by Frank- by two dissimilar sulistances when placed in contact. element exists independently in English, or is otherwise
lin, or two fluids (positive and negative), as was supposed Diffusion of electricity. See dt/«)rfon.— Distribution perfectly obvious, and where no parallel forms are cited,
liy .Synimer. The word was first used by Gilbert, the cre- of electricity, see di.itributlon.—mectTosta.iic units no etymology is given.]
ator of the science of electricity, and by him was applied of electricity. Scecicc^ros^iKc— Excitation of elec- „V«n+^",;'K"nii,-"o+T/.7a'ipV//trn Vm liR'tiVI n ("lon-
t.on
triclty. See <raxj«aMon.-Freean.l bound electricity.
electroballlStlC (e-lek tro-oa-iis tiK), a.
to the phenomena of attraction and repulsion as exhibited
when amber (electrum) and some other substances of a ISy a ''free" charge of electricity is gciieially meant one eerned With electricity as used to tletermine
similar character were briskly rubbed. Its meaning has which is borne by an insulated body independently of jjje velocity of a projectile at any part of its
been gradually extended to include a large variety of phe- surrounding obj-ects, while a " bound " charge is one held flight gj ,
^ : an applied tto various instruments
epithet a^i
aiA^fj-v^v^
"'!-">'•
nomena, among which may be named heating, luminous in position by the presence and attraction of a charge of
and magnetic effects, chemical decomposition, etc., toge- the opposite character or sign upon a neighboring body. invented by Nauvez. The projectile passes in suc-
distances between
ther with numerous apparent attractions and repulsions As a matter of fact all charges are " bound," the produc- cession through two or more screens, the
of matter widely differing from those originally noted, tion of a given quantity of one kind of electricity being which are known and, the exact time of passage through
;

each screen being electrically rerorded, a simple calcula-

tat all of which are attributed to a common cause. The always accompanied by the production of the same quan-
subject is usually divided into the two parts of statical tity of the opposite kind. When this complementary tion gives the velocity at that pait of the flight.
 — ;

electrobath 1869 electromagnet

electrobath (e-lek'tro-bith), n. The liquid electrodeposit (e-lek'tro-de-poz'it), V. t. To dant, or stand, often with branches, and orna-
used in electroplating, in which the metal to deposit, as a metal or other substance, from a mented, used for supporting incandescent elec-
be deposited is held in solution. chemical compound, by means of electricity. tric lamps.
electrobiological (e-lek'tro-bi-o-loj'i-kal), a. In the same year also M. de Ruolz electro-deposited electrolithotrity (e-lek"tr6-li-thot'ri-ti), ».
Of or pertaining to electrobiology. brass from a solution composed of the cyanides of copper Lithotrity, or the destruction of vesical calculi,
and zinc dissolved in aqueous cyanides of potassium.
by
electrobiologist (e-lek'tro-bi-oro-jist), ». O. Gore, Electro-Metallurgy, p. 25.
effected electrolysis.
One versed in electrobiology. electrologic, electrological (f-lek-tro-loj'ik,
electrobiology (f-lek'tro-bi-ol'o-ji), n. 1. Bi- electrodeposition (f-lek'tro-dep-o-zish'on), n. -i-kal), a. [< electrology + -4c, -ical.] Of or per-
ology as concerned with electrical phenomena The deposition of metals or other substances taining to electrology.
that branch of science which treats of the elec- from a solvent by means of electricity. electrologlst (e-lek-trol'o-jist), n. One versed
tric currents developed in living organisms. Employed electro-deposition for producing the copper in the soience of electrology.
plates. O. Gore, Electro-Metallurgy, p. 25.
2. That phase of mesmerism or animal mag- electrology (e-lek-trol'o-ji), 11. [= F. ilectro-
netism in which the actions, feelings, etc., of electrodepositor (e-lek'^tro-de-poz'i-tqr), H. logie; < Gr. ijleia-pov, amber (repr. electricity),
a person in the mesmeric condition are con- One who practises the art of electrodeposi- -f- speak: see -ology.'] The de-
-h)yia, < ?.£ycw,
trolled, or supposed to be controlled, by the tion. partment of physical science which treats of
will of the operator. In 1840, M. de Suolz, a French electro-depositor, ... bad the phenomena and properties of electricity.
electrobioscopy (e-lek'tro-bi-os'ko-pi), n. The taken out a patent in France for electro-gilding. electrolysability, electrolysable, etc. See
ir. //. M'ahl, Galvanoplastic Manipulations, p. 20.
process of testing the muscles with electrfcity eUctroJii-ahHitij, etc.
to determine if Ufe is extinct. Greer, Diet, of electrodiapason (e-lek^tro-di-a-pa'zon), n. electrolysis (e-lek-trol'i-sis), n. [= F. Electro-
Elei-tricity, p. 49. Same as electrical diapason (which see, under lyse, < NL. "electrolysis, < Gr. TjXeKrpov, amber
electrobronze (f-lek'tro-bronz), n. A metal- electrical). (repr. electricity), + Xvai(, solution, resolu-
lic coat given to iron articles by an electro- A universal support or electro-diapason, intended to in- tion, < ^veiv, loose, solve, resolve. Cf analysis.'] .

bath. The coating is subsequently protected scribe and show in projection the vibratory movements. The decomposition of a chemical compound,
Jour. Franklin Inst., CXXI., Supp., p. 48.
by a varnish. called the electrolyte, into its constituent parts
electrocapillarity (e-lek'tro-kap-i-Iar'i-ti), n. electrodynamic, electrodynamical (e-lek^- by an electric current. Thus, water is decomposed
Certain phenomena collectively occurring at tro-di-nam'ik, -i-kal), a. Pertaining to electro- by electrolysis into hydrogen and oxygen of these it is ;

found that the hyda-ogen is attracted by the negative pole

the common surface Of two liquids in contact dynamics.— Directrix of electrodynamic action.
when their difference of potential is altered.
The surface-tension of the liquids is changed, electrodynamics (e-lek''tr6-da-nam'iks),
and motion usually resnlts. See eUctrocapUlary.
electrocapillary (e-Iek-tro-kap'i-la-ri), a.
Capillary and electrical: designating' certain
capillary phenomena producetl by electricity.
Fur eiainple, U a horizontal glass tube be filled with a
dilute acid, and a drop of mercurr be placed in tlie mid-
dle of the ta))e, the passage of a current of electricity
through it will cause the drop to move toward the nega-
tive pole. A capillary electrometer has been constructed,
in which the pressure of a column of liquid is made to
balance the electrocapillary force exerted at the surface
of contact of mercury and dilute add, this force being
nearly proportional to the electromoUve force when it
does not exceed one volt.
electarocautery (e-lek-tr6-kA't*r-i), ».
cauteriziug by means of a platinum wire heated
by the passage of a current of electricity; the
instrument used.
See directriz.
That part of the science of electricity which
treats of the mutual action of electric currents
and of currents and magnets.
electrodynamism (e-lek-tro-di'na-mizm),
See the extract.
The trance caused by regarding fixedly a gleaming point
produces in the brain, in his [Dr. Philips's] opinion, an ac-
cumulation of a peculiar nervous power, which he calls
etectrodynamitvi. Science, IX. 542.
electrodynamometer (f-lek^tro-di-na-mom'e-
tfr), n. [< (Icctrodjjna'mic +
L. metrum, a
meastire.] An instrument for measuring the
strength of an electric current by means of the
Imurg.,
attraction or repulsion mutually exerted by two
coils of wire, through at least one of which the
whole or a part of the current to be measured
(the cathode), and is hence said to be electropositive, and is
called the cation ; while the oxygen collects at the posi-
II.
tive pole (the anode), and is said to be electronegative, and
ia called the anion. Similarly, by experimeiiting with
different compoimds and observing the behavior in each
case, an electrochemical series of the elements, arranged
in order, from oxygen, the must negative, to the most posi-
n. tive metals, sodium, potassium, etc., has been deduced.
A salt may also be decomposed by electrolysis : thus, cop-
per sulpliate yields metallic copper at the negative pole
(upon which it is deposited), and sulphuric acid at the
positive pole. By electrolysis Davy was able to decom-
pose lime and the other alkaline earths, and thus to show
that they were compounds of metals, calcium, etc., with
oxygen. An electrolysis in wliich the ions (a term in-
cluding bf)th anion and cation) are produced at their re-
spective electrodes without interference from these elec-
trodes or the surrounding electrolyte is called a primary
electroli/sis. Very often comliinations take place between
the ions and the electrodes or the electrolyte, so that the
products are different from the true ions. This is
final
called secondary electrolysis. For the application of elec-
trolysis in the arts, see electrometallurgy.

electrochemical (e-lek-tro-kem'i-kal), a. Per- electrolyte (e-lek'tro-Ut), «. [< Gr. TileKTpov,

Weber devised an Instrument known as an electrodyna- amber (repr. electricity), +
Xw<if, verbal n. of
taining to electrochemistry. mometer for measuring the strength of currents by means
The electromotive force of an electrolyte Is equal to the of the electrodynamic action of ore part of the circuit upon
'Kveiv, solve, dissolve. Cf. electrolysis.] oom- A
mechanical etjuivalent of the heat of combination of its another part. S. P. Thompson, Elect, and Mag., p. 297. potmd which is decomposable, or is subjected
eUftrochemical efMiivalent. to decomposition, by an electric current.
Atkinann, tr. of ilascart and Jonbert, I. 247. electrodynamometrical (e-lek'tro-di'na-mo-
met'ri-kal), a. Pertaining to the electrodyna- No elementary substance can be an electrolyte : for from
Electrocliemical series, the arrangement of the chemi- the nature of the operation compounds alone are suscep-
cal elements in such an order that all the elements which mometer. tible of electrolysis. H'. A Miller, Eleni. of Chem. § 282.
.
are electropoaitive with reference to a given element are
,

EUctro-dynamometrical measurements.
placed before it, and all those which are electronegative Electrical Rev., XXII. 158. electrolytic, electrolsrtical (e-lek-tro-lit'ik,
aft^-r it. Sec fUrtrotiffiji.
-i-kal), a. [= F. clectrolytique ; as electrolyte
electrochemically (f-lek-tro-kem'i-hal-i), adv. electro-engraving (e-lek'tro-en-gra'ving), n. + -ic, -ical.] Pertaining to or of the nature
.Veicirding to the laws of electrochemistry. An etching process in which the plate, covered
of electrolysis.
electrochemist (e-lck-tro-kem'ist), n. One with a ground and properly etcned, is placed It is not improbable that the increased electrolytic pow-
who praeti.ses electrochemistry. in an electrobath to deepen the "bite" or cut-
er of water by the addition of some acids, such as the sul-
ting-in of the lines. phuric and phosphoric, where the acids themselves are
It [electroraeUllurgyl is a subject of Intense Interest
to the chemist and to the electrician, for It combines electro-ergometer (e-lek'tr6-*r-gom'e-t6r), n. not decompose<i, depends upon a catalytic effect of these
principles underlying Its practice which belong to both See cri/diiit'lrr. acids. W. R. Grove, Corr. of Forces, p. 169.
professions. In fact, the man skilled in its science and electrogenesis (e-lek-tro-jen'e-sis), n. Causa-
Electrolytic cell See cell.
art may apmopriately be styled an eltdn-ehemitt.
tion or j)r()ducti6n by electricity.
Jour. FranUin Int., CXIX. 81. electrolytically (f-lek-tro-lit'i-kal-i), adv. In
electrogenetic (e-lek'tro-je-net'ik), o. Of or an electrolytic manner ; by means of electroly-
electrochemlfltry (e-lek-tro-kem'is-tri), n. iii-rfaininir to electrogenesis. sis ; as in electrolysis.
Chemistry as concerned with electricity; the
ectrogild (e-lek'tro-gild), ». f. ; pret. and pp. The fibre is carbonized in moulds of nickel, and is at-
science w'hich treats of the agency of electricity eUrtrnyilded, electrngilt, ppr. clectrogilding. To tached to the conducting wires by capper, electrolytically
in effecting chemical changes. It ia generally dl- gild, by means of the voltaic battery, with a thin deposited upon them. G. li. Prescott, Dynani. Elect., p. 283.
Tide<i into titetnlytu, or the separation of a compound
body into It* deposit of gold precipitated from a bath of a electrolyzability (e-lek-tro-li-za-bil'j-ti), n.
ooostltaent parts by the passage of an elec-
tric current, and eUetrtnMtaUurgy, or the application of salt of the metal, The capability of being decomposed by an elec-
t-l.-.-lroIysi^ to tile arts. electrogilder (e-lek-tro-gil'dfer), n. One who tric current. Also spelled electrolysability.
.See eUctroijftxM.
electrochronograph (Wek-tro-kron'o-grif), n. Jiractises clectrogilding. [= F.
A chronograph on which the record is made by ectrograph (o-lek'tro-grif), n. [< Qr. ^^cicrpoti, electrolyzable
(e-lek'tro-li-za-bl), a.
ilectrolysablc ; a,8 electrolyse -f -able.] Suscep-
electrical means: much used in astronomical amber (repr. electricity: see electric, electro-), tible of decomposition by an electric current.
observatories and in the laboratory for noting + )p<i(^iv, write.] 1. A
curve automatically Also spelled electrolysable.
the precise instant or duration of transits and traced and forming a continuous record of the electrolyzation(e-lek''tro-li-za'shon),». [=F.
similar phenomena. See chronograph. indications of an electrometer. —
2. An appa- 6lectrnly.sulion ; a,s electrolyse + -atiott.j The act
electrocnronographic (o-lek'tro-kron-o-graf'- ratus for engraving the copper cylinders used of electrolyzing. Also spelled electrolysation.
ik), ((. I'lrtainin)^ to an electrochronograph, in printing fabrics and wall-papers. The cylinder
electrolyze (f-lek'-
or indicateil and recorded by means of it. is first coated with varnish, which is seratche^l hy dia- tro-liz), V. t. pret.
electrocopper (e-lek-tro-kop'fer), V. t. To mond-points traversing upon it, and contrfdled by circuit-
;

and pp. electrolysed,

plate or cover with copper means of elec- breakers, that are In turn controlled by the copyist. The
by exposed [>ortlons are then etched by exposure to an acid- ppr. electrolyzing. [=
tricity. See clirtri>j>latin)j, liath. F. ilectrolyser; < elec-
steel, iron, zlnr, lead, nnil tin which have been previ-
electrography (e-lek-trog'ra-fi), n. [< Gr. ij'XtK- trolysis. Cf. analyze,
ously fterfro-rnj.j^-rf'l. M'orkthop Reeeiptt, Istser, p. 212. TfMV, amber (repr. electricity), -ypaipia, < + < analysis.] To de-
electrocute, electrocution. See electricute, ypAiftiv, write.] 1. Galvanography. Specifi- compose by the direct
't'llricution. cally —
2. The process of copymg a fine en- action of electricity.
electrode (e-lek'trod), n. [= p. ilectrode; as graving on copper or steel by means of an elec- Also spelled electro-
electric + Or. M6^, way.] A pole of the cur- tro-copper deposit. lyse.
rent from an electric battery or machine which electrokinetic (e-lek''tr6-ki-net'ik), a._ Of or electromagnet (e-
is in use in effecting electrolysis applied gen- pertaining to electrokinetics, or electricity in lok-tro-mag'net), n.
:

erally to the two ends of an open electric cir- motion. A magnet which owes
cuit. The positive pole is termed the anode, electrokinetics (e-lek'tro-ki-net'iks), n. That its magnetic proper-
and the negative pole the cathode. branch of electricity which treats of electric ties to the inductive
electrodeposit (^ek'tro-de-poz'it), n. That currents, or the flow of electricity. action of an electric
which has been deposited'by means of elec- electrolier (f-lek-tro-ler'), n. [Modem, formed current. If an insulated
tricity. in imitation of chandelier.] A
bracket, pen- wire ia wound about a bar Electraasgnet.
 ; :

electromagnet 1870 electrophysiology

of soft iron and & current of electricity is passed through above or within
the cylindrical form is used, a flat electro-optics (e-lek-tro-op'tiks), w.
this, if That
it, the bar becomes a temporary magnet with a north and
needle of aluminium is hung by a delicate wire. The
a south pole ; the end at which the current circulates
needle is kept in a constant electrical condition by con-
branch of the science of electricity which treats
throiiirh the wire in the direction of the hands of a clock,
nection usually with a Leyden jar placed above or below, of its relations to light. Among these relations are
and if the two pairs of (luadrants are dissimilarly electri- the production of double refraction, as in glass, by the
as the observer looks at it, is the south pole. In practice,
an electromagnet has ordinarily a horseshoe form. It
fied —
that is, are in a state of different potential, as by electrostatic stress produced when two wires from an in-
consists of two cylinders, or cores, of soft iron, fastened
connecting them respectively with the poles of a voltaic <iuction coil or Holtz machine are fixed in holes in it near
togetiier at one end and each wound many times with in-
cell —
the needle is deflected from its position of rest, and together; the rotation of the plane of polarization of a ray
sulati'd wire the wire must l>e so wound that if the horse-
; the amount of this deflection, as measured by the motion of light on traversing a transparent medium placed in
shoe were straightened the direction of winding would be
of a sjiot of light reflected from a small min-or attached a magnetic field, or by reflection at the surface of a mag-
the same throughout An electromagnet may be madeto it, gives a means of calculating the difference of poten- net the change of electrical resistance exhibited by cer-
;

Tery powerful, so as to support a ton or more. The soft

tial of the bodies under experiment. In another method tain bodies during exposure to light, as selenium (see pho-
iron core retains its maximum magnetization only so long
of using the quadrant electrometer the pairs of quadrants tophone) and the relation between the index of refraction
;

as the current is passing, and loses nearly all of it the in-

are kept at a constant difference of potential, while that and the specific inductive capacity of transparent bodies
stant the current ceases. This principle is made use of
of the needle varies. Arranged in this manner, it is much which is established by experiment and required by the
in the telegraph (which see), electric clocks, electric call-
used in the investigation of atmospheric electricity. Lipp- electromagnetic theory of light.
bells, etc. If the core is made of steel, it becomes under
niann and Dewar have devised very delicate capillary electropathic (e-lek-tro-path'ik), a. [< elec-
the action of the current a permanent magnet.
electromagnetic (f-lek'tro-mag-net'ik), a.
electrometers, based on the alteration of the force of cap-
illarity by electric action. See electrocapillary.
tropathy -^c.] +
Pertaining to electropathy.
Science, XI., No. 274, adv. p. iii.
Pert^miug to electromagnetics, or to the rela- electrometric, electrometrical (e-lek-tro-
tion between electricity and magnetism ; of the met'rik, -ri-kal), a.
electropathy (e-lek-trop'a-thi), n. [< Gr. n?^K-
+
[As electrometer -iCj
nature of electromagnetism. See electromag- -ical.'] Of or pertaining to electrometry, or
Tpov, amber (repr. electricity), '7TddEia,i Trddoc, +
suffering. Cf homeopathy!] Treatment of dis- .
nefism. Also galvanomagnetic Electromagnetic the measurement of electricity: as, an electro- ease by electricity; electrotherapeutics.
enj^ne, machine. See electric muchine, under electric. metrical experiment.
— mectromagnetlc theory of light. See ;i(/W.— Elec- electrometry (e-lek-trom'e-tri), n. [As elec- electrophone (e-lek'tro-fon), n. [< Gr. ip^nrpov,
tromagnetic imlts, units employed in measuring electric
trometer + -y.] That department of the science
amber (repr. electricity), + ^uvi), voice, sound.]
curreni.s, and based upon the force exerted between two
magnetic jwles the units practically used to measure the of electricity which embraces the methods of
;
An instrument for producing sounds, resem-
strength of currents (ampere), electromotive force (volt), bling trumpet-tones, by electric currents of high
makingmeasurements, more espe-
electrical
resistance (ohm), etc., are electromagnetic units. tension, it has been recommended for use as a tele-
cially of statical electricity. gi-aphic relay capable of giving two or four signs with
electromagnetically (e-lek'^tro-mag-net'i-
kal-i), adv. In an electromagnetic manner; by electromotion
(e-lek-tro-mo'shon), n. 1. The a single wire, having this advantage over other relays,
electromagnetism.
current of electricity, or the passing of it from that perfection of contact is not necessaiy to its working.

A single wire bent twice at right-angles is made to ro-

one metal to another, in a voltaic circuit. 2. — It has been used also to indicate the electric equilibrium
of muscle and nervous tissue by the variation of its tones,
tate electro-magnetically between the poles of a horseshoe Mechanical motion produced by means of elec- and by a system of levers attached to the wrist to show
magnet. Dredge's Electric Illumination, I. 74. tricity. the rhythm and character of the pulse; and it may be
electromotive (e-lek-tro-mo'tiv), a. Of or per- fitted to the telephone, and thus be made t« repeat a sound
electromagnetics (e-lek'^tro-mag-net'iks), w. made gently in one place in trumpet-tones in another place
The science of electromagnetism. taining to electromotion producing or pro-
hundreds of yards distant. Chambers's Encyc.
electromagnetism (e-lek-tro-mag'net-izm), w. —
J

duced by electromotion Electromotive force

The collective term for the phenomena which
rest upon the relation between electric currents
and magnetism, it comprises the effects of an electric
current in directing a magnetic needle and in inducing
magnetism in a m^netic substance, as soft iron, and also
the analogous effects of a magnet in directing a movable
conductor traversed by a current, or in inducing in a con-
(abbreviated B. M. F.), that which determinos the flow of
electricity from one place to another, giving rise to an
electric current. It is the .result of, and proportional
to, the difference of electric potential (see potential) be-
tween two bodies, or parts of the same body, and bears a
similar relation to it that the pressure in a water-pipe does
to the difl'erence of water-level upon which its amount
depends. The strength of an electric current is directly
electrophori, n. Plural of electrophonts, 1.
electrophorid (e-lek-trof 'o-rid), w. A- fish of
the family Electrophoridce.
Electrophoridse (e-lek-tro-f or'i-de), n.pl. [NL.,
< Electrophorus + -id(v.~\ A
family of anguilli-
form fishes, of the order Plectospmidyli. There
are no scales nor dorsal fin the head is rounded In front,
;

ductor an electric current. The directive power of an proportional to the electromotive force, and inversely the premaxillaries forming most of the upper border of
electric current upon a magnet was discovered by Oer- proportional to the resistance (Ohm's law). The elec- the mouth, and the supramaxillaries being reduced and ;

sted it is the principle involved In all forms of galvanom-

',
eter (which see). The power of an electric current to
induce magnetism, and of a magnet to induce an electric
current, is treated under induction; these latter phenom-
ena form the basis of the electromagnet and of all forms
of magneto -electric and dynamo-electric machines.
electromagnetist (e-lek-tro-mag'net-ist), n.
One skillod in electromagnetism.
electromassage (e-lek'^tro-ma-sazh'), w. In
therap., the combination of the use of electri-
city with massage by employing the more or
less specially modified electrodes of a galvanic
or faradic battery as instruments for more or
less imperfect rubbing and kneading.
electromedical (e-lek-tro-med'i-kal), a. Per-
taining to the medicinal use of electricitjr.
electrometallurgy (e-lek-tro-met'al-^r-ji), n.
The art of depositing certain metals, as gold,
silver, copper, etc., from their solutions by tions of the mica disk by which the sound is reproduced
means of the slow action of an electric current.
Its most important applications are electroplating and
electrotyping. The essential parts of the process of plat-
ing with copper, for example, are as follows If the sur-
: of the disk, these variations being due to variations in the
face upon which the metal is to be deposited is a mold
(as of a medal) of gutta-percha or wax, it must be made
a conductor by having its surface brushed over with
powdered graphite. It is then attached to the negative
pole of the battery and suspended in the solution of the
tromotive force is measured in volts.— Electromotive
series, the series of the various metals (or other sub-
stances) useful for producing an electric current, ar-
ranged in such an order for a given liquid that each is
positive with reference to those which follow in the list,
and negative for those which i)recede. For example, in
dilute snlphuric acid the order is zinc, lead, iron, cop-
—
that is, if zinc and iron are
per, silver, platinum, carbon
coupled together in a voltaic cell containing sulphuric
acid, the zinc is the positive plate, and the current goes in
the wire from iron to zinc if ii-on and copper are taken,
;
the current in the wire is from copper to iron. It is found
that the electromotive force is a maximum for zinc and
carbon, and is equal to the sum of the electromotive forces
for all the intervening metals. In another liquid the order
would be changed, but the above law would hold true for ;
example, in potassium sulphld, iron is electro-negative
with reference to copper. Also called contact series.
electromotograph (e-lek-tro-mo'to-graf), n.
A name sometimes applied to a peculiar tele-
phone-receiver invented by Edison. The vibra-
are caused by variations in frictional resistance between
a revolving cylinder of lime and a small platinum plate
which rests upon its surface and is attached to the center
strength of the current transmitted.
electromotor (e-lek-tro-mo'tor), w. [= F. elec-
tromofeur = Sp'. electromotor; < L. electrum, am-
ber (repr. electricity), +
motors a mover.] 1.
the anus is under the throat, the anal fin beginning just
behind it, and continuous with the caudal. The family
contains the electric eel (which see, under eel). See also
Gymnotidce.
electrophoroid (e-lek-trof 'o-roid), a. and n. I,
a. Pertaining to or having the characters of the
Electrop h or idee,
II. n. One of the Electrophoridce.
electrophorous (e-lek-trof'o-rus), a. [< NL.
electrophorus : see electrophorus.'] Same as elec-
triferous.
electrophorus (e-lek-trof'o-ms), n. [= F. Slec-
trophore = Sp. elcctrdforo, < NL. electrophorus,
< Gr. yXcKTpoVj amber (repr. electricity), +
-(^opo^j < <l>£p£tv =
E. bear'^.] 1. PI. electrophori
(-ri). An instrument for obtaining statical
electricity by means of induction, it consists of
a disk of resin, or oUier non-conducthig material easily
excited by friction, and a polished metal disk with an
insulating handle. The resin disk is negatively electri-
fied by striking or rubbing it with
a catskin or flannel, and the metal
plate is then laid upon it. Under
these circumstances the upper plate
does not receive a direct charge
from the lower, but is positively
charged on the lower surface and
negatively on the upper if now the
;

required metal, as copper sulphate, the positive pole at
the same time consisting of a plate of the same metal.
The result of the electrolysis (see electrolysis) caused by
the passage of the current is the decomposition of the so-
lution, the metal being deposited upon the exposed sur-
face at the negative pole, and sulphuric acid being formed
at the positive pole ; the acid, however, dissolves a part
of the copperplate, and thus keeps the solution of con-
stant strength. A current of uniform strength is neces-
sary. Iron and nickel are deposited from solutions of
their double salts with ammonium; gold and silver, from
alkaline solutions containing potassium cyanide.
electrometer (e-lek-trom'e-t6r), n, [= D. G. electron
Dan. Sw. elektrometer = P. ilectromHre = Sp.
electrdmetro = Pg. electrometro = It. elettrometro,
< Crr. TjleKTpoVj amber (repr. electricity), + //£-
Tpov, a measure.] An instrument for meastir- fied
disk is touched by the finger, the
Any arrangement which gives rise to an elec-
negative electricity passes to the Volta's Electrophorus.
tric current, as a single cell, a voltaic battery, ground, leaving the disk charged
or a thermo-electric pile. —
2. An. engine in positively. On being lifted away by its insulating handle,
it is found to be charged, and will give a spark. It may
which electricity is employed to produce me-
then be replaced on the lower plate, and the process re-
chanical effects. See electric machine, under peated an indefinite number of times without any fresh
electric, and motor. excitation, if the weather is favorable. The electricity
electromuscular (e-lek-tro-mus'ku-lar), a. obtained each time is the equivalent of the mechanical
Pertaining to the relations between electricity work done in separating the two surfaces against the at-
traction of the unlike electricities.
and certain phenomena exhibited by muscles.
2, leap.] [NL.] The typical genus of Elec-
(e-lek'tron), n. Same as electrum.
trophoridce. There is but one species, the elec-
(e-lek-tro-neg'a-tiv), a. and n.
electronegative
tric eel, E. electricus. Gill, 1864. See cut un-
a. 1. Repelled by bodies negatively electri-
I,
der eel.
fied, and attracted by those positively electri-
having a tendency to pass to the positive electrophotometer
(e-lek-^tro-fo-tom'e-t^r), w.
An instrument for comparing the intensities of
—
;

pole in electrolysis. 2. Assuming negative

ing difference of electrostatic potential between
two conductors. See potentiaL There are many potential when in contact with a dissimilar the light produced by an electric spark. See
forms. The almUute electrometer (also called balance-
electrometer) of Sir William Thomson consists essentially
of two parallel circular plates attracting each other, the electromotive.
central portion of one of them, the upper, suspended from
one arm of a balance or by means of light steel springs,
the other being movable to a greater or less distance from
the first by means of a micrometer screw. The upper disk
isalways brought to a fixed position (which can be very
accurately determined) by means of the attraction of the
lower, the amount of attraction being regulated by the dis-
tance between the two plates. It is thus seen that the
electric force is actually weighed, and formulas are given
by means of which the difference of potentials is deducible
in absolute measure, the areas of the plates and the dis-
tance between them being known. The quadrant electrom-
eter of Sir William Thomson consists of four quadrant-
shaped pieces of metal, sometimes segments of a flat cylin-
drical box, the alternate pairs being connected by a wire
various lights by reference to the intensity of
substance, as copper when joined to zinc in
photometer.
a voltaic cell. See electromotive series, under
electrophotomicrography (e-lek^tro-fo'^to-mi-
krog'ra-fi), n. The art of photographing, by
II. n. A body which, in the process of elec-
trolysis, appears at the positive pole of the
means of the electric light, objects as magni-
fied by the microscope. E. H. Kvight.
voltaic battery. Oxygen is the most electro-
negative of the elements. See electrolysis. electrophysiological (e-lek'''tr6-fiz'''i-o-loj'i-
kal), a. Relating to electrical results produced
electronegatively (e-lek-tro-neg'a-tiv-li), adv.
in living tissues.
In an electronegative manner.
electrophysiologist (e-lek'^tro-fiz-i-ol'o-jist), n.
Such materials as are related electro-negatively to iipn. One who is versed in electrophysiology.
Sci. Amer,, N. S., LIV. 324.
electrophysiology (e-lek*'tr6-fiz-i-cd'o-ji), ».
electro-optic (e-lek-tro-op'tik), a. Of or per- That branch of science which treats of elec-
taining to electro-optics: as, an electro-optic tric phenomena producedthrough physiological
action. agencies.
 . — :

electroplate 1871 electnun

electroplate (f-lek'tro-plat), v. t. ; pret. and cited and stand apart, thus giving a test for electricity. ing,by drawing the lines on a metal plate with
To plate The gold-leaf electroscope of Bennet, introduced in 1789, some varnish which resists the action of acids,
pp. electroplated, ppr. electroplating. consists of two pieces of gold-leaf, about i inch broad, fixed
or give a coating of silver or other metal to by- to a brass rod and hung inside a glass globe which has and placing it in an electrobath, when the ex-
posed portions are bitten in, leaving the pro-
means of electrolysis. See electrometallurgy. been thoroughly dried, in order that the insulation of the
To eUctroplate is to disguise with an adlierent thin coat- ...-.-.
apparatus may be as nearly perfect as possible. The globe
is closed with a wooden stopper through the center of
'
tected parts in relief.
[< Gr. filiKTpov,
ing oJ metal, which then serves as an ornamental cover- which passes^glass tube coutammg the brass rod. The
electrotome (e-lek'tro-tom), «.
ing to the object treated. To electrotype, on the other ^'^^l'^^"^^^^^) electricity), +
To^^^i, cutting, verl
hand is to produce a separate and distinct object, with an bal adj. of rc/ivctv, ra/iriv, out.] An automatic
existence of its own. J. W. Urquhart, Electrotyping, p. 4. circuit-breaker. Greer, Diet, of Elect., p. 54.
electroplate (f-lek'tro-plat), n. Articles coated electrotonic (e-lek-tro-ton'ik), a. 1. Of or
with silver or other metal by the process of pertaining to electrical tension: applied by
electroplating. Faraday to what at one time he erroneously^
electroplater (e-lek'tro-pla-ter), ». One who believed to be a peculiar latent state or condi-
practises electroplating. tion of a conductor near another conductor
electroplating (e-lek'tro-pla-ting), n. 1. The through which an electric ctirrent was flow-
process or art of coating metals and other ma- ing. —
2. Of, pertaining to, or produced by eleo-
terials with an adherent dim of metal, in a bath trotonus.
containing a solution of the metal, by means electrotonicity (e-lek-'tro-to-nis'i-ti), n. [<
of the electrolytic action of an electric current electrotonic + -ity.] Same as electroionus.
from a battery or dynamo, in simple forms of elec- electrotonize (e-lek-trot'o-nl*), v. t. ;
pret. and
troplating apparatus, the bath containing the metallic
solution may form the battery, as in plating with copper.
pp. eleetrotonized, ppr. electrotonizing. [< elec-
The more common plan is to employ a current obtained trotonic + -izc.'\ To alter the normal electric
from some source outside the bath. Table-cutlery or current of, as a nerve. See eleetrotoniis.
-ware, building- or car-flxtures, lamps, etc., to be electro-- Pith-ball Electroscope. Qaadrant Electroscope. electrotonOUS (e-lek-trot'6-nus), a, 1. Of or
plated, are suspended by wires from a metal rod laid
pertaining to electrical t4nsion.- 2. Of, per-
across the top of the bath and connected with the nega- upper end of the rod is furnished with a knob. Ifanelec
tive pole of the battery, this terminal of the current form- trlfled body U brought near the top of the instrument, in- taimng to, or produced by electrotonus.
ing the cathode. The silver, nickel, copper, etc., to be de- duction takes place the top becomes electrified opp<:>sitely electlOtOIlUS (e-lek-trot'o-nus), n.
; [< Gr. fp.eK-
suspended in like manner from a rod connected
positee! is to the body presented, and the pieces of gold-leaf similarly.
,f.pov, amber(repr. electricity), + Tiivof, tension
with the poeitlve pole of the battery, the terminal form- To find If the latter are positively or negatively charged,
ing the anode. (See eUctrolytU, etectTometallnrgy.) The a glass rod is rubbed and brought near the knob if posi- ;
see tone.] The altered state of a nerve or a
deposition of metals by electrolysis forms a part of several tively charged, the leaves will diverge still more under the muscle during the passage of a galvanic cur-
arts, as In electrotyping ; but as In these the film of metal induction of the glass ; if negatively, they will collapse, rent through it. The irritability is heightened in the
deposited in the bath is not adherent, they are described
the negative electricity being attracted to the positive of neighborhood of the cathode and diminisiied in that of the
under separata heads. Electroplating Is strictly the cov-
the glass rod. In Volta's condensing electroscope, in place an<xle. The currents of rest in the nerve are increased or
ering of a metal with a metallic film permanently attache>I
of the gilt knob there is a flat metal plate upon which diminished according as they run in the same or an oppo-
toll, as in nickel-plating, plating telegraph-wires with cop-
rests another similar plate, which may be removed by an site direction to that of the galvanic cuirent. Also eiec-
per, and uble-ware with silver. See Oectntmt, galvano- Insulating handle.— Quadrant electroscope, a form of trotoiios, electrotonicity.
piastie, galtanoglyph, tjaleannyraph^ and nickel-plating. pith-ball electroscope which serves to measure roughly
2. The deposit itself, or the surface, obtained the degree of electrification by the rise of the pith-ball as electrotype (e-lek'tro-tip), ». [= F. Electrotype;
by meani! of the process explained above Indicated by the motion of the rod carrying it on a gradu- < Gr. ;/;t£»:rpoi',' amber (repr. electricity), tvito^, +
ated semicircle. figure, image : see tyjie.} A
copy in metal (pre-
electropoion (e-lek-tro-poi on), n. [< Gr. v?.f-<- eiectroscopic (e-lek-tro-skop'ik), a. Oforper- cipitated by galvanic or electric action, usually
T^u. amber (repr. electricity ), 7ro,u.;, pp. of+ "'^(j J ^^^g- electroscope; performed by in the form of a thin sheet) of any engraved or
™»,., make.] A
"uxture of sulphunc acid,
^^^ns of the electroscope, molded surface. Copies of medals, jewelry, and silver-
bichromate of potash, and water, used as the electrosemapliore (e-let-tro-sem'a-for), n. A ware, of woodcuts and pages of composed type, are com-
iKimd for batteries
li<i m
which zinc and carbon ^,'f,';''™^ro operated 'by electricity" mon f ormsof electrotypes. The metal most used is copper,
are the poles. and the largest application of the process is to the prepa-
electrostatic, electrostatical (e-lek-tr9-stat' ration of plates for printing. The form of composed type
electropolar (e-lek-tr6-p6'l|r), a. Having, as ik, -i-kal), a. Pertaining to statical electricity. is molded in wax, which is dusted or coated with black-
an elect rical conductor, one end or surface posi- — HectiroBtatlc units of electricity, those uniu which lead In order to make it a conductor. The wax mold is
tive and the other negative. are based upon tlie force exerteii between two quantities suspended in a galvanic bath of sulphate of copper, through
of staliciil ein tricity, as units of quantity, potential, etc. which a current of electricity is passed. The thin shell of
electropositive (e-lek-tro-poz'i-tiv), o. and n.
electrostatics (e-lek-tro-stat'iks), n. The sci- copper which attaches to the mold is afterward backed
I. a. 1. Attracted by botiies negatively elec- with stereotypc-nietal. Also etectroglereotype, and com-
trified, or by the negative pole of a voltaic bat-
ence whi<^h treats of ihe phenomena of stati-
monly abbreviated ftectro.
—
2. Assuming positive potential when
cal electricity (see electricity), as the mutual
tery. (e-lek'tro-tip), v. t. ; pret. and pp.
attractions or repulsions of electrified bodies, electrotype
in "contact with anoUier substance, as zinc in electrotyped, ppr. electrotyping. [= F. ilectro-
the measurement and distribution of charges
a voltaic cell. typer; from the noun.] To make a plate copy
A body which in
electrolysis appears of electricity, etc.
n. ». or plate copies of by electrical deposition.
at the negative pole of a voltaic battery. Po- That branch of electrical science which treats of the
prSSrtiM-orslmpieVlectrifled bodies is called eUctrl electrotypcr (f-lek'tro-ti-p^r), «. 1. One who
tassium is the most electropositive of all known tialicf, because In them the electricity U supposed to be makes electrotypes. 2. The vat in which the
bodies. See electrolysis. at rest. J. H. H. Oonion, Elect, and Mag., I. 28. electrotyping solution is held. [Eng.]
electropuncttiration, electropimctnre (e-
electrosteeling (e-lek-tro-ste'ling), «. The electrotypic (e-lek-tio-tip'ik), a. Pertaining
lek tro-puiigtc-tu-ni'shon, c-lek-tro-pungk'tur). art of electroplating with iron the copperplates to or effected by means of electrotyping.
Same aw eleclropuncturing. used in engraving. See electroplating. electrotyping (e-lek'tro-ti-ping), n. The art
electroponctaring (f-lek-tro-pungk'tflr-ing), electrostereotype (e-lek-tro-ster'e-o-tip), n. or process of making electrotypes. Also called
In med., the operation of inserting two or Same as electrotype. galvanoplastio jyrocess.
more needles in a electrotechnic, electrotechnlcal (e-lek-tro electrotjrpist (e-lok'tro-ti-pist), ». [< electro-
part affected and tek'nik, -ni-kal), a. Of or pertaining to elec type + -ist.'] One who practises electrotypy.
then connecting trotechnics. electrotypy (e-lek'tro-ti-pi), n. [= F. ilectro-
them with the electrotechnics (e-lek-tro-tek'niks), n. The typie ; aa electrotype -^- -y.i The process of elec-
wires from the methods, processes, and operations made use trotyping. Also called galvanoplasty.
poles of a gal- of in the application of electricity to the arts. electrovection (f-lek-tro-vek'shon), n. [< L.
viiiiic battery. electrotherapentlc (e-lek'tro-ther-a-pu'tik), a. clcctrum, amber (repr. electricity), -I- vectio(ti-),
electropyrome- Of or pertaining to electrotherapeutics. a carrying, < vehere, pp. tectus, carry : see con-
'-
ter (e-lck'tro- electrotherapeutics (e - lek ' tro - ther - a -pu vection, etc., vehicle.] Same as electrical endos-
pi-rom'e-tir), n. tiks), n. The treatment of disease by means mosis (which see, under cndosmosis).
See pyrornitir, of electricity ; the principles and doctrines of electrovital (e-lek-tro-vi'tal), a. Electrical
lectrbscope (e- such treatment as a branch of medicine ; elec- and dependent upon vital processes.
lek'tro-skop), n.
\ tropathy. (e-lek'trum), n. [Also electron;
electmm F. =
l[= i>. elektro- electrotnerapeutist (e-lek'tro-ther-a-pu'tist), Plectrum =
Sp. Pg. electro It. elettro, < L. =
tteoop = G. Dan. «. One who studies or practises electrothera- electrum, amber (called in pure L. succinum),
f
Bw. elektroskop = peutics. also the metallic compound so called, < Gr.
I F. (lectroscope = electrotherapy (e-lek-trp-ther'a-pi), n. Same f/)icKTpov, or ij^ia-pof, amber, also an alloy of gold
I Bp. elecirdscopo as electrritherapeuticg. and silver, akin to ijliKTup, the beaming sun,
Pg. etectro- electrothennancy (e-lek-tro-thfer'man-si), n. also fire as an element; to 'U^Krpa, a fem.
tteopio =
It. elet- [< Gr. i/?j:KTpiJV, amber (repr. electricity), + Bcp- name ; and prob. to Skt. arka, the sun, arcing,
l^vteopio, < NL. /Mvaic,a heating, < depfiaivciv, heat, < Sepjidi, hot.] flame, ^/ arch, beam, shine.] A word used by
*«lectroieopium, < That branch of electrical science which inves- Greek (JilenTpov) and Latin (electrum) authors
[Or. i^KTpoD, am- tigates the effects produced by the electric cur- with various meanings at various times. From
[ber (repr. eleo- rent upon the temperature of a conductor or the time of Herodotus on its most common meaning in
+ Greek was amber,' but it was also used for pure gold,' as
' '

jtrioity), OKO-
Coad«Mla( BIcctnMCope. part of a circuit composed of two different by Sophocles. The Komans used electrum with the mean-
imt'iv, view.] An metals. ing of 'amber,' also as designating an alloy, which might be
i instrument for observing or detecting the ex- electrothermotic (e-lek'tr6-th6r-mot'ik), a. either natural or artificial, of silver and gold (Pliny gives
istence of free electricity, and, in general, for Of or relating to heat generated by electricity, the amount of silver present in electrum at one fifth of
_
the whole). Later on, electrum was confounded with ort-
.

determining its kind. All electroscopes depend for electrotin (e-lek'tro-tin), v. t. pret. and pp. ;
their action on the elementary law of electric forces, that
.leetrotimied. ppr. electrotinning. To
chalc (which see), ami in the middle ages had acquired
electro- the definite meaning of brass." At all times, and especial-
'

bodies similarly charged repel each other, while bodies

w ly among the Latin writers, there was more or less uncer-
'^'^a<,„ electroplattng.
^j'
See ^i^.trnntyilinn
.
,
disslmihu-ly chirged attract each other. The simplest plate til tin.
n. Same as elec- tainty in regard to the meaning of this word, and there
eleciroKopo consisu of pith baiu suspended by silk eloctrotint (e-lek'tro-tint), was a tendency among both Greeks and Romans to use it
threads; another simple form consists of a pair of short trotinting. Just as aitamant was fre(|uently used, namely, as desig-
piece* of straw suspended by silk threads When not In (e-lek-tro-tin'ting), n. A meth-
glectrotintillg nating some ideal, imperfectly known substance possessed
"'^ „i ""iTi'"* *J„-i„„ -^ „ :„ JlU^e
Bie the pieces of straw hang down, touching each other.
Od preaenttog an atoctHfled Wy to them they become ex- od of makmg a design, etc., m
lor prmt^
reiiei, f„. ^rint- of almost miraculous properties.
 ; — : !

electuary 1873 elegions

Soracte, In January and April, rises from its blue horizon elegantly (el'f-gant-li), adv. In an elegant
electnary (e-lek'tu-a-ri), n. ; pi. eleefiiaries (-riz). like an island from the sea, with an elegance of contour
[Also formerly etectaru ; =
OF. electuaire, P. which no mood of the year can deepen or diminish,
manner; with elegance.
electnaire =
Sp. Pg. eleciuario It. elettuario= il. James, Jr., Trans. Sketches, p. 152. Sir Henry Wotton . . . delivered his ambassage most
(also formerly, by apheresis, lectuary, < ME. Gray's perfect elegatwe could nowhere have found a
elegantly in the Italian language.
letiiarie, < OF. lettuaire =
Pr. Icctoari, lactoari, more admirable foil than in the vulgar jauntiness and /. Walton, Sir H. Wotton.

= It. lattitario, lattomro, > G. laticerge Dan. = clumsy drollery of his correspondent, Mason.
Lowell, New Princeton Rev., I, 167.
Dr. Warren preached before the Princesse ... of the
Idessednesse of the pure in heart, most elegantly describ-
latvterge = Sw. latverg), < LL. eJectuarium, also ing the blisse of the beatifical vision.
electariiim, (in simulation of L. c?cc-
an aceom. 2. That which pleases by its nicety, symmetry, Evelyn, Diary, Oct. 24, 1686.
his, picked out ; of. ML. elcctuarium, the 61ite purity, or beauty ; an elegancy : as, the elegances
(e-le'ji-ak or el-e-ji'ak), a. and n. [For-
of a troop of soldiers) of "eclictarium (with L. of polite society. = Syn. 1. Grace, beauty, polish. See elegiac
suffix -arium), < Gr. iicKeiKriv (with equiv. iicAfi-
comparison under elegant. merly ctegriacfc; F. iligiaque =
Sp. elegiaco = =
r/io, > Ii. edigma : see eclegin), an electuary, <
elegancy (el'f-gan-si), n. ; pi. elegancies (-siz). Pg. It. elegiaco, < LL. elegiacus, < Gr. ileyeiaKdc,
1. The quality of being elegant; elegance. < i'ksyda, eleyelov, an elegy: see elegy.] I, a.
iKXfi;tS(v, Uek up, < U, out, +
A£i';i;Etv, lick : see
[Rare.] 1. In anc. pros., an epithet noting a dSstich the
Uck.'i la phar., a medicine composed of pow- first line of which is a dactylic hexameter and
ders or other ingredients, incorporated with Let there be two delicate or rich cabinets, daintily
paved, richly hanged, glazed with crystalline glass, and a the second a pentameter, or verse differing from
some conserve, honey, or syrup, originally made rich cupola in the midst, and all other elega^icy that may the hexameter by suppression of the arsis or
in a form to be licked by the patient. be thought upon. Bacon, Building (ed. 1887). metrically unaccented part of the third and the
"How do you do, my honest friend?" . . . "Very weak- 2. That which imparts elegance; an elegant sixth foot, thus
ly, air, since I took the elastuary," answered the patient. -£ ^ ^
Scottj Abbot, xxvi. characteristic or quality. .^^ w I I

Such kind of inspired knowledge of strange tongues as

.t.\7\i l^''
Eledone (el-e-do'ne), n. [NL. (Leach, 1817), includes all the native peculiarities, which, if you will, Verses or poems consisting of elegiac distlchs are called
< Gr. kAe6avri, a kind of polypus.] genua of A you may call their elegancies. elegiac verses or poems (.elegiacs) poeti-y composed in this ;

Warburton, Doctrine of Grace, i. 8. meter, elegiac verse or poetrg {the elegy) antl the writers ;

EUdtme vtrrvcosa.
cephalopods, typical of the family Eledonidm.
E. verrucosa and E. cirrhosa are examples.
eledonld (e-led'o-nid), n.
cephalopod of the
The beautiful wildness of nature, without the nicer ele- who employed this verse, especially those who employed
Spectator, No. 477. it exclusively or by preference, are known as the elegiac
ganeies of art.
foets. Elegiac verse seems to have been used primarily
elegant (el'f-gant), a. [= D. G. Dan. Sw. ele- m threnetic pieces Qjoems lamenting or commemorating
gant, < OF.' elegant, F. Elegant =
Sp. Pg. It. tlie dead), or to have been associated with nmsic of a kind
regarded by the Greeks as mournful. Almost from its
elegante, < L. elegan{t-)s, sometimes spelled
first appearance in literature, however, it is found used
eUgan(t-)s, of persons, luxurious, fastidious, for compositions of various kinds. The pi-incipal Koman
choice, dainty, fine, tasteful, elegant of things, ; elegiac poets are Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius, and Ovid.
choice, neat, fine, elegant in form ppr. of an
;
In modern German literature the elegiac meter has been
frequently used, especially by Goethe and Schiller. Cole-
unused verb *elegare, prob. equiv. to eligere, ridge's translation from the latter poet may serve as an
ppr. eligen(t-)s, choose, pick out: see elect, eligi- example in English,
ble.'] 1. Having good or fine taste; nice in in the hex amStfir risgs the fountain's silvgrj
I
| | | 1
c61-
taste; fastidious; sensible to beauty or pro-
A
priety ; discriminating beauty from deformity
timn,
In the pen I
tameter aye H falling In melody back.
[ 1 |

family Eledonidm. Coleridge, The Ovidlan Elegiac Meter.

or imperfection said of persons.
:
Eledonidae (el-e-don'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Ele- You should crave his rule
done + -iVte.] A
family of octopod cephalo- Under this contrariety of identification, an elegant critic
For pauses in the eUgiac couplet, chasms
aptly describes him.
pods, characterized by the development of but Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, Int., p. vl.
Permissilde only to Catullus
Brovming, Ring and Book, I. 276.
one row of suckers along each arm, but other- Eve, now I see thou art exact of taste.
wise very similar to the Octopodidw, with which And elegant, of sapience no small part. 2. Belonging to an elegy, or to elegy ; having
they are generally associated. jiratoi, P.L.,ix.l018. to do with elegies.
eleemosynarily (el-e-mos'i-na-ri-li), adv. In 2. Polished ; polite ; refined ; graceful : said Arnold is a great elegiac poet, but there is a buoyancy
an eleemosynary manner by way of charity in his elegy which we rarely find in the best elegy, and
;
of persons: as, an elegant \a,Ay ot gentleman.
charitably. — 3. Characterized by or pertaining to good
which certainly adds greatly to its charm.
Contemporary Rev., XLIX. 528.
eleemosynariness (el-e-mos'i-nS^ri-nes), n. 1. taste ; indicating a refined propriety of taste : — 3. Expressing sorrow or lamentation:
The quality of being charitable. 2. The dis- — as, elegant manners.
Hence
as, elegiac strains.
position to receive ahns. Bailey, 1727. Why will you endeavour to make yourself so disagree-
eleemosynary (el-f-mos'i-na-ri), a. and ». [< able to me, and thwart me in every little elegant expense?
Let elegiack lay the woe relate.
Soft as the breath of distant flutes.
ML. e/cmo«^«ari!ts, pertaining to alms, one who Sheridan, School for Scandal, ii. 1.
Oay, Trivia.
gives or receives alms, < eleeniosyna, < Gr. iTier/- 4. Expressed with taste and neatness correct ; Mr. Lyttletou is a gentle elegiac person.
/ioaivrj, alms: see alms, and cf. almoner, ult. a and polished in expression or arrangement: as, Gray, Letters, I. 220.
doublet of eleemosynary.'] I. a. 1. Of or per- an elegant style of composition; elegant speech. II. n. In pros. : (a) pentameter, or verse A
taining to alms ; derived from or provided by I have likewise heard tills elegant distichon. consisting of two dactyUo penthemims or writ-
charity; charitable: as, an eleemosynary tund; Coryat, Crudities, I. 29. ten in elegiac meter. (6) pi. succession of A
an eleemosynary hospital. Whoever wishes to attain an English style familiar but distiohs consisting each of a dactylic hexame-
EleevtotyTiary relief never yet tranquillized the working-
not coarse, and elegant but not ostentatious, must give ter and a dipenthemim a poem or poems in ;

classes —
it never made them grateful it is not in human
;
his days and nights to the volumes of Addison.
Johnson, Addison. such distiehs: as, the Heroides and Tristia of
nature that it should. Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, xvi. Ovid are written in elegiacs. See I.
He entered the Church early, but devoted himself to the
The beds of patients (in the hospital at Beaune] are study of canon law and of elegant literature. elegiacal (el-e-ji'a-kal), a. [< elegiac + -al.]
draped in curtains of dark red cloth, the traditional uni- Ticknor, Span. Lit., I. 414. Same as elegiac.
form of these eleetnosynary couches.
U. James, Jr., Little Tour, p. 251. 5. Pleasing to the eye by grace of form or deli- He was the author of a very large number of volumes
of
lyrical, elegiacal and romantic verse.
2. Relating to charitable donations; intend-
cacy of color ; characterized by exquisiteness The American, VIII. 251.
of design or fine taste ; free from coarseness,
ed for the distribution of alms, or for the use
blemish, or other defect; refined : as, an elegant elegiambi, n. Plural of elegianibus.
and management of donations and bequests, elegiambic (el"e-ji-am'bik), a. and n. [< Gr.
figure ; an elegant vase ; an elegant structure.
whether for the subsistence of the poor or for iXtyelov, the meter of the elegy, ta/ijiiKo^, iam- +
the conferring of any gratuitous benefit. 6. Pleasing to the mind, as ejdiibiting fine per-
ception of what is required ; calculated to ef- bic: Bee elegy and iambic] 1. a. Consisting of
elegiac pentameter followed by an iam-
The eleemogyiiary sort [of corporations] are such as are fect its purpose with exceeding accuracj', deli- half an
constituted for the perpetual distribution of the free alms, dimeter; being or constituting an elegiam-
or bounty, of the founder of them to such persons as he cacy, and neatness; exquisitely ingenious or bic
has directed. Blackstone, Cora., I. xviii. appropriate: as, an elegant modification of a bus (which see): as, an elegiambic verse.
Eleemosynary corporations are for the management of philosophical instrument; an e/e^rajii algebra- II. n. A
verse consisting of a dactylic pen-
private property according to the will of the donors. ical formula or mathematical demonstration; themim followed by an iambic dimeter; an ele-
D. Webster, Speech, March 10, 1818. an elegant chess problem. giambus (which see).
3. Dependent upon charity; receiving charita- An elegant sufficiency, content, elegiambus (eFe-ji-am'bus), n. ; pi. elegiambi
Ketii'ement, rural quiet. (-bi). [LL. (Marius Victorinus, Ars Gramm.,
ble aid or support : as, the eleemosynary poor.
Thomson, Spring, L 1158. iv.), < L. elegia, elegy, -I- iambus, iambus.] A
In the accounts of Maxtoke priory, near Coventry, in =Syil. Elegant, Graceful, tasteful, courtly. Elegant im- compound verse, consisting of a dactylic pen-
the year 1430, it appears that the eleemosynary boys, or plies that anything of an artificial character to which it
choristers, of that monastery acted a play.
themim (group of two dactyls and the thesis or
is applied is the result of training and cultivation through
T. Warton, Hist. Eng. Poetry, II. 890. long syllable of a third) and an iambic dimeter,
the study of models or ideals of grace graceful implies
;

less of consciousness, and suggests often a natural gift

thus:
Eleemosynary corporation. See c&rporation. \'-
eleemosynaries (-riz). One who A rustic, uneducated girl may be naturally graceful, but I-
II. n. pi.
;
not elegant. We speak of elegant manners, composition,
subsists on charity ; one who lives by receiving furniture, taste, but of a grace.fut tree, fawn, child the elegiast (e-le'ji-ast or el-e-ji'ast), n. [< elegy
alms. playful movements of a kitten may be graceful. See beau-
;

(L. elegia) + -ast.] An elegist. [Rare.]

Living as an eleemosynary upon a perpetual contribu- tiful. The great fault of these elegiasts is, that they are in de.
His easy art may happy nature seem. spair for griefs that give the sensible part of mankhid very
tion from all and every part of the creation.
Trifles themselves are elegant in him. little pain. Goldsmith, Vicar, xvi.
South, Sermons, III. i.
Po]}e, Epistle to Miss Blount, 1. 4.
elegance (el'e-gans), ». [= D.elegantie = G. Not proudly high nor meanly low, eleglographer (el"e-ji-og'ra-f6r), n. [< Gr. t/te-

eleganz = Dan. "elegance = Sw.

elegans, < OF. A graceful myrtle rear'd its head. a writer of elegies, < iXeytia, an elegy,
yeioypa(jiof,

elegance, F. iUgance = Sp. Pg. elegancia = It. Montgomery, The Myrtle. + ypacjietv, write.] writer of elegies, or of A
eleganza, < L. elegantia, elegance, < elegan{t-)s, elegantemente (a-la-gan-te-men'te), adv. [It., poems in elegiac verse. [Rare.]
elegant: see efegrawt.] 1. The state or quality elegantly, < elegante, elegant, +
-mente, an adv. Elegiographer, one who writes mournful songs.
* Cockeram,
of being elegant ; beauty resulting from perfect suffix, orig. abl. of L. men(t-)s, mind, with pre-
propriety or from exact fitness, symmetry, or ceding adj. in agreement.] With elegance ; in elegions (e-le'ji-us), a. [< Gr. e?ryeto(, ele^ac,
the like ; refinement of manner, quality, or ap- a graceful and pleasing style a direction in < e'M:yeia, elegy.] Elegiac; hence, lamenting;
:

pearance : as, elegance of dress. music. melancholy. [Rare.]

 ' ;
eleglous
If four elegicna breath should hap to rouse
A happy tear, close harb'ring in his eye,
Then urge his plighted faith.
Qxiarles,
elegist (el'e-jist), n. [< elegy + -i**.]
of elegies.
Our elegist, and the chroniclers, impute the crime of
withholding so pious a legacy to the advice of the king of
Fi-ance. T. Warton, Hist. Eng. Poetry, I. 108.
elegit (e-le'jit), n. [L., he has chosen: 3d pers.
sing. perf. ind. of eligere, choose: see elect.^ 1.
In laic, in England and in some of the United
States, a judicial writ of execution, which may
St the election of the creditor issue on a judg-
ment or on a forfeiture of recognizance, com-
manding the sheriff to take the judgment debt-
or's goods, and, if necessary thereafter, his
lands, and deliver them to the judgment credi-
tor, who can retain them vintil the satisfaction
of the judgment. —
2. The title to land held un-
der execution of a writ of elegit.
elegize (el'f-jiz), v. i. or t.; pret. and pp. ele-
gized, ppr. elegizing. [< elegy -i:e.'\ To write +
or compose elegies ; celebrate or lament after
the style of an elegy; bewail.
I . perhaps should have W<?5ri?«d on for a page or two
. .
farther, when Harry, who has no idea of the dignity of
grief, blundered in. H. WaipoU, Letters, H. S71.
elegy (el'e-ji), n. ; pi. elegies (-jiz).
eUgie; =
b. G. elegie =
Dan. Sw. elegi, < OF. ele-
gie, F. dlegie 8p. elegia = =
I^. It. elegia, < L.
elegia, also elegea, elegeia, < Gr. iT^tia, fem.
sing., but orig. neut. pi., to t/^ryeia, an elegiac
poem, in reference to tne meter (later a lament,
an elegy), pi. of tXf j-eiov, a distich consisting of
a hexameter and a pentameter (> LL. elegium,
elegeiim, elegion, elegeon, an elegy; cf. L. dim.
elegidion, elegidarion, a short ele^), neut. (sc.
ftirpov, meter, or ftrof, poem) of f/.fj'f/oc, prop,
pertaining to a song of mourning, elegiac, <
?/.f)^oc, a song of mourning, a lament, later (in
reference to the usual meter of such songs) any
poem in distichs; origin unknown. The usual
derivation from i i >.tjt, 'cry woe woe I' a re-
frain in such songs (i i or rather U, an inter-
jection of pain or prief, like E. ah, ay^, etc.
?-iye, 2d pers. sing. impv. of Xryrjv, say), is no
doubt erroneous. J 1. in classical poetry, & poem
written in elegiac verse.
Ttie third sorrowinic was o( lone*, bjr long lamentation
In Elegit so was their long called, and It was In a piti-
: cell. See cell.
ons maner of raeetre, placing a limping Pentameter after
alusty Eiameter, which made it godolouioosly more then
any other meeter. Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesle, p. 39.
A mournful or plaintive poem; a poem or
2.
song expressive of sorrow and lamentation a
diige ;a funeral song.
And there is such a solemn melody,
Tween doleful song*, tears and sad tUgitt.
Wtbtter, White DerO, v.
Let Swans from their forsaken Rlrers
And sick'ning at her Tomb, make haste to dye.
That they may help to sing her Eleay-
ConffTtve, Death of Qaeen Mary.
8. Any serions poem pervaded by a tone of
melancholy, wheQjergnef is actually ejcpressed
or not as, Gray's "Elegy in a Country Church-
:
yard."
Klfyy is the form of poetry natural to the reflective
mind. It may treat of any subject, but It must treat of
no subject for itself, but always and exclusively with ref-
erence to the poet hlmaeU. Coleridge.
4. In music, a sad or funereal composition,
vocal or instniraental, whether actually com-
memorative or not; adirge.=8yn. Dirge, Heguiem,
eU\ .'^ee dirge.
eleidin (e-le'i-din), «. [< Gr. DmIo, olive-oil, oil,
+ -id + -in''!.] In chem., a substance found in
the stratum granulosum and elsewhere in the
epidermis, and staining very deeply with car-
mine regarded by Waldeyer as identical with
:
hyaline, and called on that accoimt by Unna
rerntiilii/nlin,
element (el'S-ment), ». ME. element, < OF. K eaith, and air. (See 2.) I'heolderchemists, of the fifteenth
eliiiiinl,F. element 8p. Pg. It. clemento= D.
G. Dan. Sw. element, < L. elementum, a first prin-
ciple, element, rudiment, pi. first principles,
the elements (of existing things), the elements
of knowledge, the alphabet ; origin uncertain.
The common derivation of the woril from alere,
nourish, which would identify ilementum with
alimrnlum, nourishment (see aliment), is wholly
improbable. Several other derivations have
been proposed, of which one assnmes the orig.
sense to be 'the alphabet,' the 'A-B-C,' or lit.
the ' L-M-N,' the word being formed, in this
view, <. el em + +
en, the names of the letters
L, M. N, +
the term, -titm, as in the common
formative -mentum, E. -ment.] 1. That of which
118
element
anything is compounded, which exists
in part weights. (Seeperiodiclaw, under periodic.) Tlie following
Is a list of the elements with symbols and atomic weights.
in it, and which is itself not decomposable into
Emblems, v. 1.
parts of different kinds a fundamental or ulti-
;
Elements.
mate part or principle hence, in general, any
A writer ;
component part; any constituent part or prin-
ciple.
Thought
Alone, and its quick elements, will, passion.
Reason, imagination, cannot die. Shelley, Hellas.
Noble arcliitecture is one element of culture.
Lowell, Fireside Travels, p. 99.
That element which lies in the very fact of
of tragedy
frequency has not yet wrought itself into the coarse emo-
tion of mankind. George Eliot, Middlemarch, I. 214.
Three tribes, settlers on three liills, were the elements
of which the original [Roman] commonwealth was made.
B. A. Freeman, Amer. Lects., p. 285.
Specifically— (o) Au ingredient, especially of the tempera-
ment.
There's little of the melancholy element in her, my lord.
(fr)
Shak., Much Ado, iL 1.
pi. The rudimentary principles of any science : as, Eu-
clid's *' Etementg " (Gr. uTotj^tia), a work setting fortll in au
orderly and logical way the dimple and fundamental propo-
sitions of geometry, (c) In geom., one of the points, lines,
or planes, or other geometrical forms, by which a rtgnre or
geometrical construction is made up. " Space may be con-
sidered as a geometrical figure whose elements are either
points or planes. Taldng the points as elements, the straight
lines of space are so many ranges, and the planes of space
somany planes of points. If, on the other hand, the planes
are considered as elements, the straight lines of space are
[Formerly the axes of so many axial pencils, and points of apace are
centers of so many sheaves of planes " (Cremona, Geom.,
tr. by Leuesdorff, § 31), (d) In walk., one of a number of
objects arranged in a symmetrical or regular figure. The
elements of a determinant are the quantities arranged in a
square block or matrix, the sum of whose products forms
the determinant, (e) In axtron., one of the quantities
necessary to be known in calculating the place of a planet
(perhaps because the planets were called elements). They
are six, namely, tlie longitude of the ascending node, the
inclination of the orbit to the ecliptic, the longitude of the
perihelion, the mean distance from the sun, the mean
longitude at any epoch, and the eccentricity. Hence —
(/) A datum required for the solution of any problem.
(g) pi. The bread and wine used in the eucharlst: dis-
tinctively called communion elements.
When all have communicated, the Bishop shall return
to the Lord's Talde, and reverently place upon It what
remaineth of the consecrated Elements, covering the same
I
with a fair linen cloth.
Book of Common Prayer, Holy Communion,
(ft)In Wof., one of the primary or embryological parts
composing the liody of au animal, or of the pieces wliich
have united to form any part. Thus, the thorax of an
Insect is composed of three principal elements or rings,
the epicrantum is formed of several elements or pieces
which are soldered together, etc. (0 In elect., a voltaic
The bichromate of potassium batteries, composed of
four troughs with six compartments, making twenty-four
elements iu circuit. A mercury c<nnmutator enabled us
to use at pleasure six, twelve, eighteen, or twenty-four
elements, and thus to obtain four different speeds of the
;
crew (of an electric balloon 1. Science, III. 154.
2. One of the
four things, fire, water, earth,
and air (to which ether was added as a fifth
1.
element), falsely regarded by the ancients as
fly.
the constituents of which all things are com-
posed. Water,as an element, consists of all that is in the
rain, the rivers, the sea, etc.; fire, of lightning, the sun,
etc. ; these, together with the air and earth, were supposed
to make up the matt^'r of nature. The elements often
means in a particular sense wind and water, especially in
action : as, the fury of the elements.
" It is a water that Is masd, I seye.
Of elementes foure," quod Plato.
CAaucer, Canons Yeoman's Tale (ed. Skeat), G. 1. 1460.
3e haue thanne in the ampulle IJ. etementis : that is to
seie, watir and e>T.
Boo* <if Quints Etsence (ed. Fumivall), p. 12.
My Ariel,— chick,—
That Is thy charge then to the elements /
;
Be free, and fare thou well Shak., Tempest, v. 1.
!
I've heard
Schoolmen afTimi, man's l>ody is compos'd
Of the four elements. Massinger, Renegado, IIL 2.
And, lost each human trace, surrendering up
ITiine individual l>eing, shall thou go
To mix forever with the elements.
Bryant, Thanatopsis.
3. A kind of matter undeeomposable into other
kinds. The elements as enumerated by Empedocles, and
generally recognized in antiiiuity, were four — water, fire,
—
= century and later, recognized three elements sulphur,
mercury, and salt. In modern chemistry an element, or
elementary Ixhly, is regarded merely as a simple substance
which has hitherto resisted analysis by any known chemi-
cal means. The list of such elements is a provisional one,
since it is possible, and not impnjbable, that many IXMlies
now considered elementary may be proved to l>e com-
pound. There are over 70 eleinents at present (1899) rec-
ognizetl by chemists, commonly divided inti> two grou^ps,
namely, ntetals and the non-metallic hodiett or metaUoxds.
"Tlie non-metallic elements are hydrogen, clilorin, bro-
mine, iodine, fiuorin, oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium,
nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, boron,
silicon, and carbon. (.See mftalloid.) The remaining ele-
ments are regarded as metal.<t. (.See metal.) Five of the
elements, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, chlorin. anil fiuorin,
are gases at onllnary temperatures; two, itromine and
mercury, are liquids; the rest are solids. The properties
of all the elements bear a close relaUon to their atomic
 ; ; ; ;

element 1874 elephant

and good works) are the two elements,
Tliese [good life probable that before the time of Aristotle there were
It is
and he which is eUjnfnttd from these hath the complexion eign, living in a foreign land, MHG. ellende,
elementary treatises of geometry which are now lost.
of a good man, and a fit friend. Dontie, Letters, xxx. Jieid, Inquiry into Unman Mind.
the same, also unhappy, wretched, G. eknd,
unhappy, wretched, = Dan. eUndig, = Sw. elan-
elemental (el-e-men'tal), a. and n. [= Sp. Pg. Such a pedantick abuse of elementary principles as would
dig, unhappy, wretched
elemental; &s element -h -al.'] I. a. 1. Of, per- have disgraced boys at school. Burke, Army Estimates. < AS. ele-, el-, other
;

(see else and alien), + land, land. The same

taining to. or of the nature of an element or 3. Treating of elements ; coUeoting, digesting,
elements. or explaining principles: as, an elementary wiit- development of sense appears in wretched, ult.
In and near the photosphere, or underneath it, matter
must be in its most elemental state,
er — Elementary analysis, in chem., the estimation of
the amounts of the elements which together form a com-
< AS. torecca, an outcast, exile.]
wretched; miserable; imhappy.
Cheerless;

C. A. Young, The Sun, p. 296. —

pound body. Elementary angles, in crystal., angles be- Heuy-chered I gede, and elynge in herte.
tween iKirticular faces cliaracteristic of partkiilar miner- Piers Plovnnan (B),
There is spectroscopic evidence which seems to show als.— Elementary body. See element, 3.— Elementary xx. 2.
that, starting with a mass of solid elemental matter, such Poverte is this, although it seme elenge,
particles of Zimmermami. See Wood-;3;a(c— Elemen-
mass of matter is continually broken up as the tempera- Possessioun that no wight wil chalenge.
ture is raised. J. N. Lockyer, Spect. Anal., p. 126.
tary proposition, a self-evident and indemonstrable
j)i<iliosili(in. — Elementary substances. See element, 3.
Cliaucer, Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 344.
2. Pertaining or relating to first principles; elementation(er'e-men-ta'shon),n. [ME., also elengelich; < elenge
[ielemeiii, elengelyt, adt).
simple elementary. [Obsolete or archaic]
; v., + -ation.^ Instruction in'elements or first + -ly^-i Cheerlessly miserably. ;

Some eimnoitoi knowledge, I suppose, they (the druids] principles. Coleridge. [Rare.] Alisaundre that al wan elengelich ended.
[< element +
had; but I can scarcely be persuaded that their learning elementisht (el-e-men'tish), a. Piers Plowman (B), xiL 46.
was either deep or extensive. Elemental;
Burke, Abridg. of Eng. Hist.,
-is/t.] elementary. elengenesset, ellengnesst, n. [Early mod. E. eU
2. i.
If you mean of many natures conspiring together, as in lengness; < WE. ellengenesse.] Sorrow; trouble.
8. Of or pertaining to the elements of the mate- a popular government, to establish this fair estate, as if
rial world: more especially used of the mobile the elementisli and ethereal parts should in their town-
Eom. of the Rose.
elements, fire, air, and water, with reference to house set down the bounds of each one's ofllce, then con- Eleocharis (el-e-ok'a-ris), n. [NL., prop. "Be-
sider what leocharis, < Gr. cAof (gen. s/sog), low ground by
their violent or destructive action. See ele- dom which follows: that there must needs have been a wis-
made them concur. .Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, iii. rivers, marsh-meadows, -I-
ment, 2 and 3. x°-'-P^'-^, rejoice, > x^-

If dusky spots are vary'd on his brow.

elementoid (el-e-men'toid), a. [< L. elemen- pi^, favor, delight.] A genus of cyperaceous
And streak'd with red, a troubled colour show tum + Gr. eMof, iorm.] Like an element ; hav- plants, of about 80 species, growing in wet
That sullen niLxture shall at once declare ing the appearance of a simple substance : as, places, and distributed over all tropical and
Winds, rain, and storms, and elemental war. compounds which have an elementoid nature, temperate regions. They are characterized by terete
Dryden, tr. of Virgil's Georgics. and perform elemental functions. or angular culms closely sheathed at the base, and bear-
But ing a naked, solitary terminal head of closely imbricated
And
by elemental strife
all subsists
passions are the elements of life.
elemi [= F. ^lemi
(el'e-mi), n. Sp. elemi = = scales. There are about 20 North American species. Com-
Pope, Essay on Man,
Pg. elemi; of Eastern, said to be of Ar., ori-
It. monly known as spike-rush.

Elemental law of thougllt, a first principle ;

i. 169.
a funda- fin.] A
name of fragrant resins of various Eleotragns (el-e-ot'ra-gus), n. [NL. (J. E.
mental belief. inds, all of them probably the product of trees Gray, 1846), prop. * Heleotragtts, < Gr. c'Ao^ (gen.
n. A
spirit of the elements; a nature-
n. belonging to the natural order Burseracece. The
Oriental or African elemi of the older writers is an exu-
I/Uof), a marsh, -f- rpayo^, a goat.] A genus of
spirit. 1., 3, and element, 2 and 3.
See antelopes, containing such as the riet-bok or
dation from Boswellia Freereana, a tree found in the
elementalism (el-e-men'tal-izm), n. [< ele- region south of the gulf of Aden. It is used in the East reed-buck of South Africa, E. arundinaceus.
mental +
-ism.'] The theory which identifies for chewing, like mastic. The elemi of pharmacy comes Eleotridinae (el-f-ot-ri-di'ne), n. pi. [NL., <
the divinities of the ancients with the elemen- chiefly from Manila, and is the product of Canarium com- Eleotris {-rid-) + -inw.] A
subfamily of gobioid
tal powers.
mune. It is a stimulant resin, and is used in plasters and fishes closely resembling the Gobiince, but with
Gladstone. ointments. Other sorts are Mexican or Vera Cruz elemi,
elementality (eFe-meu-tari-ti), n. [< elemen- obtained from species of Bursera; Brazilian elemi, from separated ventral fins. Also Eleotrinte.
tal + -ity.] The state of feeing elemental or various species of Protium (Icica); and Mauritius elemi, Eleotris (e-le'o-tris), ». [NL. (Gronovius).] A
elementary. from Canarium paniculatum. genus of fishes, typical of the subfamily Elco-
By this I hope the eletnentatity (that is, the universality) elemin (el'e-min), n. [< elemi + -in^.'\ The tridince.
of detraction, or disparagement, ... is out of dispute. crystallizable portion of elemi, elephant (el'e-fant), n. [< ME. elefaunt, eli-
Wliitlock, Manners elencn (e-lengk ), n. [< L. elenchus, < Gr. Mcy-
of Eng. People, p. 466. fant, elifaunt, earlier and more commonly oli-
elementally (el-e-men'tal-i), adv. In an ele- X(K, an argument of disproof or refutation, a fant, olifaunt, olefawnt, olyfaunt, olifont, olifunt
mental manner; with reference to or as re- cross-examining, < ileyxuv, disgrace, put to (rarely, in later ME., spelled with ph, as in L.),
gards elements. shame, cross-examine for the purpose of re- < OP. olifant, also elifant, P. Elephant Pr. =
Those words taken circumscriptly, without regard to any
futing, put to the proof, confute, refute.] In elephant =
Sp. elefante =
Pg. elefante, elephante
precedent law of Moses, are as much against plain equity logic, an argumentation concluding the falsity = It. elefante =
AS. elpend, elp, yip, an ele-
... as those words of " Take, eat, this is my body, ele- of something maintained a refutation a con- ; ; phant (see alp^, =
MD. D. elAant (also MD.
mentally understood, are against nature and sense.
Christian Religion's Appeal, xv. (Ord MS.).
futation also, a false refutation a sophism. ; ; olefant, olifant, D. olifant, < OF.) MLG. ele- =
Legislate as much as you please, you cannot abolish the
Also elenchus. fant, elepant, also elpender, olvant OHG. ela- =
Reprehension or elench is a syllogism which gathereth fant, elfant, helfant, MHG. elefant, elfant, el-
fact of the sexes. Constituently, elementally the same,
Man and Woman are organized on different bases. Like
a conclusion contrary to the assertion of the respondent. fent, G. elefant, elephant =
Dan. Sw. elefant
the stars, they differ in their glory.
Blundeville (1609).
The sophistical elenchus or refutation, being a delusive
(cf. Goth, ulbandus =
OHG. olbanta, olbenta,
G. D. Boardman, Creative Week, p. 232.
semblance of refutation which imposes on ordinary men
olbanda, MHG. olbende, olbent AS. olfend, a =
elementart (el-e-men'tjjr), a. [< L. elementa- and induces them to accept it as real, cannot be properly camel: see camel), < L. elephas, elephans (ele-
rius : Bee eleinentary.] "Elementary. understood without the theory of elenclms in general phant-), also elephantus, and ML. elefantvs, <
nor can this last be understood without the entire theory Gr. eAf^af (eAc^an--), an elephant (first in He-
What thyng occasioned the showres of rayne of the syllogism, since the elenctms is only one variety of
Of fyre ^mentar in his supreme spere. syllogism. The elenchus is a syllogism with a conclusion rodotus), ivory (first in Homer and Hesiod)
Skelton, Garland of Laurel. contradictory to or refutative of some enunciated thesis perhaps < Heb. eleph, an ox (cf. Lucabos, Lu-
elementarineSS (el-e-men'ta-ri-nes), n. The or proposition. Accordingly we must understand the canian ox, the older L. name see alpha) but : ;
conditions of a good and valid syllogism before we study some compare Heb. ibdh, Skt. ibhas, an ele-
state of being elementary. those of a valid elenchus; these last, again, must be un-
elementarityt (el''''e-men-tar'i-ti), n. [< elemen- derstood, before we enter on the distinctive attributes of phant, and L. ebur, ivory: see ivory. The Slav,
tary + -ity.l Eleinentariness. the pseudo-ete«c/iK« —
the sophistical, invalid, or sham, and Oriental names are different: OBulg. slo-
For though Moses have left no mention of minerals, nor
refutation. Grote. nu = Bohem. slon =
Pol. slon' z= Buss. slonU
made any other description then sutes unto the apparent Ignorance of theelench. See fallacy of irrelevant con- (>Lith. slanas), elephant; Turk. Ai. fil. Hind.
and visible creation, yet is there unquestionably a very clusion, under fallacy. fil, pil, < Pers. pil, elephant Hind, hdthi, hdti,
;
large classis of creatures in the earth far above the con- elenchic, elenclucal (e-leng'kik, -ki-kal), a. < Skt. hastin, elephant, < hasta, hand, trunk.]
dltion of elementarily. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., ii. 1, [< eUnci -ic, -ical.] +
Pertaining to or of the 1. A five-toed proboscidian mammal, of the ge-
elementary (el-e-men'ta-ri), a. l='D.elemen- nature of an elench; refuting; confutative; nus Elephas, constituting a subfamily, Elephan-
tair — G. elementar (in'comp.), also elementa- sophistical. Bailey, 1776.
risch = Dan. etementter = Sw. elementar (D. elenchically (e-leng'ki-kal-i), adv. By means
Dan. Sw. after F.) (Dan. Sw. also elementar in of uii elench. 'imp. Diet'.'
comp.) = F. M&mentaire = Pr. Sp. Pg. elemen- v. i.elenchizet (e-leng'kiz),
[< Gr. iUyxetv,
tar, Pg. also elementario = It. elementare, ele- confute, -ize.] To dispute ; refute. +
mentario, < L. elementaritis, belonging to the Tip. Hear him problematize.
elements or rudiments, < elementum, element ^™- Bless us, what's that ?
moment: see element.] 1. Pertaining to or Tip. Oi eyWogize, elenchite. B. 7on«on, New Inn, il. 2.
of the nature of an element or elements; pri- elenchtict, elenchticalt, a. Erroneous forms
mary; simple; uncompounded; incomplex: as, of elenctic, elenctical.
&n elementary substance. elench'us (e-leng'kus), n. 1. Same as elench.
They (chemists) have found it impossible to obtain from ^- 1<"^P-^ [NL.] (a) ~
genus of gastropods. A
oxygen anything but oxygen, or from hyflrogen anything Humphreys, 1797. (6) genus of Strepsiptera. A
but hydrogen and, in the present state of our knowledge,
; Curtis, 1831.
these bodies are consequently regarded as «fc7n«n(ar!/ or
simple substances. Huxley, Physiography, ejenCMCT, plpnptipaU
olenctlot eiencucait (e re-letitrk'tik ti Trnn
lengK tiK, -ti-Kai; n
o.
^ 105.
p.
wi.i,„.,. ^...„i .11.^ ... .. '^ ,"
„ [Also written, erroneously, efencA tec, -aZ, < Gr. Indian lilcpliant {1-lephas itttticus).

st^^^'^nTiui'TL^ufrZmlltr^^^ ^^^^6,, reftitative, < e^i^KrSc, verbal adj. of

described as habitual anil permanent admiration. £/<.fy;t;-«v, refute, confute: see elench.] Same tinte, and comprehending two li'ving species,
J. B. Seeley, Nat. Keligion, p. 70. as elencMc. namely, Elephas indicus and Elephas (Loxodon)
The primitive homestead, where all things were elenge, elUnge, a.
. . . [Now only dial. ; < ME. africanus. The fonner inhabits India, and is character-
eUmentary and of the plainest cast. elenge, also, less often, elynge, elinq ; perhaps an ized by a concave high forehead, small ears, and compara-
S««<f»»a», Poets of America, p. 101. -ii-_-i= .^i- ___m_i r ^ '«.?.' *,, ,^ , tively small tusks the latter is found in Africa, and has
;
alteration, with sufiix -ing, of AS. ellende, ele- a convex forehead, great flapping ears, and large tusks.
2. Initial; rudimental; containing, teaching, liende, with equiv. elelendisc, ME. elelendis, hele- The tusks occur in both sexes, curving upward from the
or discussing first principles, rules, or rudi- lendisse, helendis, -isse, foreign, strange, li-ving extremity of the upper jaw. The nose is prolonged into
ments: as, an elementary treatise or disquisi- in a foreign land (eleland, a foreign land), = a cylindrical trunk or proboscis, at the extremity of which
the nostrils open. The trunk is extremely flexible and
tion; elementary eAaeaXion; elementary sohooXs. 08. elilendi =
D. ellendig =
OHG. elilenti, for- highly sensitive, and terminates in a flnger-like prehensile
 . ; ::; ,

elepliant 1875 Eleusinia

Iol>e. Elephants are the largest quadrnpeds at present ex- elephant-fish (el'e-f ant-fish), n. A name of the 3. Made
or consisting of ivory. See chrysele-
Their tusks are of great value as ivory, furniahiug
teting.
an important article of commerce, In Africa especially, and
southern chimera, Callorhynckus antarcticm
80 called on account of the prolongation of the
—
phantine Elephantine hooks, in Bom. antiq., cer-
tain books consisung (originally) of ivory tablets, in which
were registered tiie transactions of the senate, magistrates.,
—
emperors, and generals. Elephanldne epoch, in geol.,
the period during which there was a preponderance of
large pachyderms.
elephant^leg (el'e-fant-leg), n. Pachydermia
of the log; Barbados leg. See pachydermia.
elephant-mouse (el'e-fant-mous), n. Same as
elephant-shrew.
elephantoid (el-f-fau'toid), a. and n. [< Gr.
cAfAaf (e/lf^iT-), elephant,
" + eirfof, form.] I,
a. Having the form
of an elephant.
n. n. An elephantid.
Elephant-fish {Callarkynchus antarcttcMs).
elephantoidal (eFe-fan-toi'dal), a. Same as
elephantmd.
snout, which has a peculiar proboscis-like ap-
pendage, serving as a prehensile organ, it is an Elephantopus (el-e-fan'to-pus), n. [NL., < Gr.
Inhabitant of the southern Pacific and the vicinity of the ivory-footed (NL. taken in sense
i?.eil>avrdiTov(,
Cape of flixtd Hcpe, and is sometimes eaten. of 'elephant's-foot'), < f/li^f (ileijiavT-), ele-
7M7 elephant-grass (el'e-fant-gras), n. An East phant, ivory.] 1. A
genus of herbaceous ver-
Airican i- '.
: i>xodcn a/ricanus). Indian bur-reed, Typha elephantina, the pollen noniaceous composites of America, of a dozen
of which is made into bread by the natives of species, one of which (£. scaber) is a common
occasioning the destmction of great numbers of these ani-
inaLB. Ten species of fossil elephants have been described,
Sind. weed in most tropical countries. Three species
of which the best-known is the hairy manunoth, E. primi- occur within the United .States. Some Brazilian species
elephantiac (el-e-fan'ti-ak), a. [< L. elephan-
The mast4>don8 are nearly related to elephants, are reputed to have medicinal properties.
gfniiui. see elephantiasis.] Of
tiaeux, < elephantiasis:
but form a separate subfamily MastodantiiuE (which see). the nature of or affected with elephantiasis.
2. genus of acalephs. Lisson, 1843. A
Than he returned toward hym with his betelLin his elephantiasis (el^e-fan-ti'a-sis), n. [< L. ele-
elephantous (el-e-fan'tus), a. [< elephan-
bonde, and put his targe hym l)e-forn that was of the bon phan tmsis, < Gr. i'MijxtvTiaaiq, a skin-disease, so t{ iasis) -I- -ous.'] Pertaining to or of the nature
of an OlyfaunU. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 338. of elephantiasis : as, the elephantous group of
called from its giving the skin the appearance of
The caatelles
fanUt bakkes.
that craftily ben sett upon the oti-
. . .

MandevUU, Travels, p. Idl. an elephant's hide, < tJi^oj- (tXf^rr-), elephant

specific inflammations.
1432.
Quain, Med. Diet., p. ^
He is as valiant as the lion, churlish as the bear, slow see elfphant.] name given to several forms A
as the elephant. Shale., T. and C, L 2. of skin-disease, (o) Elephantiasis Arahum, or pach.v- elephant-seal (el'f-fant-sel), n. Same as sca-
demiia. elepliant.
See pachydermia. (6) Elephantiasis Grsecorum,
2. Figuratively, a burdensome or perplexing or leprosy. .See lepra. elephant's-ear (el'e-fants-er), n. common A
possession or charge something that one does elephantid (el-e-fan'tid), n.
; A
proboscidean name for plants of tte genus Begonia, from the
not know what to do with or how to get rid mammal of the family Elephantidce, as an ele- form of their leaves.
of: as, to have an elephant on one's hands ; he phant, mammoth, or mastodon. elephant's-foo't (el'f-fants-fut), «. 1 book- . A
found his great house very much of an elephant. Elephantidse (el-e-fan'ti-de), n. pi. [NL., < name for species oi Elephantopus, of which the
— 3. Ivory; the tusk of the elephant. [Poeti- Elephas (-phant-) -idee.l family of the order + word isAa translation. 2. Testudinaria ele- —
cal.] Pro6o«etden,containingthelivingelephantsand phantipes, a plant of the natural order Diosco-
High o'er the gate, in elnihanl and gold. the fossil mammoths and mastodons. See mam- reacea.
The crowd shall unar's Indian war heboid.
Dryien, tr. of Virgil's Oeorgics. moth, mastodon. These huge pachyderms have the elephant-shre'W (el'e-fant-shro), «. small A
upper incisors enormously developed as cylindro-conic mouse-like saltatorial insectivorous quadruped
4. A drawing- or writing-paper measuring in tusks, projecting from the mouth and growing indefinitely of Africa one
America 22 X 27 inches a wblte elephant, a the lower incisors small or null, the molars successively of the animals J

possession or a dignity more troubles^>me and costly than
profitable in allusion to the rare and hiuhly venerated
;
white eleptiants of the East Indies, which must be kept
in royal state, and which are said to l>e sometimes pre-
sented by the King of Siam to courtien whom he denre*
to ruin.
Baiaine liethonght him of his master's natural anxiety
to know the situation. That master was the vhite ele-
phant of Bazaine and the army.
Arrh. Porbet, Souvenln of tome Continent*, p. Sg.
Double elephant, a drawing- or
ins in Rni.'land M]
or 97 x 40 incbea, and in America
(wh'-r*' it u alH.> called dotMe royoO SO X 40 incbea.—
Elephant hawk-motli. seeAaint-iiKi<A.— Ordarof tlM
White Elephant, a Danish order alleged to be of great
antiffuity. Its foundation, however, is specifically as-
cribed to Christian I.. IVIi, and its reorganization to
Christian V. 1693. It is limited to ao knl«hts beside* the
, ephant's-tnsk (el'e-fants-tusk), n.
Dtembers of the royal family, and nopenon can be a knii^t
wl>o i* not previously a member of the order of the Dane-
brog. The collar of the order is compoaed allcmataly of
elephant* and embattled towen. Tlie liadge I* an ele-
phant tiearingon his back a tower, and on Us Dead adriver
dreaaed like a HindiL Tile ribbon to which the badge is
attached on ordinary occasions Is sky-blue.— RoffUe ele-
nluuit. an elepliant of angovemably bad temper, which
uvea alone or apart from the herti. and is retnirded as
particularly dangerous.— To or to show the ele-Me
plUUtt, to see or exhibit something straUKt- <>r wonderful
especially, to see for the flnt time, or exhibit to a stran-
ger, the siKhts and scene* of a great city (often Implying
thot' of a low or disreputable kind). (Slang, U. ai
elephant-apple (erf-fant-ap'!), n. The wood-
appli' of luilia, Ferdnia elephantum, a large
taceous tree allied to the orange, and bearing
an orange-like fruit. The pulp of the fruit is
acid, and is made into a jelly.
displacing one another from behind forward, so that no
premolars replace the deciduous teeth, and never more of the family
than one or two molars in functional position at once in Macroscelidw
either Jaw; and the grinding surfaces with several trans- or Bhynchocyo-
vene ridges alternating with cement-valleys. The skull i»
very high in front, to acconin)o<late the roots of the tusks, nidw. In super-
there being a great development of diploic structure. ficial aspect they
The family Is divided into two subfamilies, Elephantimr resemble some of
and Mattodontince. .See cuts under elephant and Elephan- the jumping-mice
tinfr. or kangaroo-mice,
especially of the
Elephantine (el'e-fan-ti'ne), n. pi. [NL., < American genera
writing-paper measor-
Elephas {-phant-) '+ -inte.'] The t^ical sub-
Zapus and Dipo-
family of the ElephanlidtB, containing the liv- tfomt/jt.havinglong Elephant-shrew {Afacroscelittet typictu^.
ing elephants and the extinct mammoths. They hind" limbs, well-
have the isomerous as distinguished from the hyplsome- developed ears, and the snout so long and sharp as to re-
semble a proboscis, whence the name. Also called ele-
fihant-mmtse and proboscis-fat.
mol- A
lusk, Dentalium arciiatitm, one of the tooth-
shells.
Elephas (el'e-fas), n. [NL., < L. elephas, < Gr.
iliipaf,elephant: see elephant.'] The typical
genus of elephants, formerly embracing both
the living species, or genera, now sometimes
restricted to the type represented by the Asi-
atic elephant, Elephas indicus. In this restrict-
ed sense it is the same as Elasmodon and Euele-
phas. See cuts under elephant.
£lettaria (el-e-ta'ri-a), «. [NL.] An East
Indian genus of scitamineous plants, of only
m- one or two species. E. Cardamomtim furnishes
Skelclon and OutDne of African Elephant ( Btefhat or iMradim the cardamom-seeds of commerce. See carda-
a/ricanuj). mom.
/y. frontal; ma, mandible; ma', malar; Ji, "finger" at end of Eleusine [NL., appar. in refer-
trunk : C, cervical venebrx />, dorsal vertet>ra! ; fe. pelvis ; ic,
(el-ii-si'ne), fi.
ence to Eleusis (f): see Eleusinian,] A genus
;

elephant-beetle (erg-fant-be'tl), n. 1. A scapula; //, sternum ; Am, humerus: M/,ulna; ra, radius; M<r,meta-
cafpus;/ir> femur fat, patella; Ii6, titiia; Jit, fibula; m^t, meta-
iiatiii' of several lamelficorn scarabeoid beetles tarsus.
;
of grasses, belonging to the tribe Chloyidew,
of enormous size, flpedflcally— (a) Any species of having several linear spikes digitate at the sum-
ronsoranisomerous dentition, the transverse ridges of the mit of the culm. The species are natives of the warm-
ttiecetonian gi-nus^'o/iorAiM. Se» gdiath-beetle. (ft) Any
species of either of the genera Aynwtet and Mtgaioma.
molar* being three to five, the same on all the teeth, con-
er parts of the globe, and several are cultivated for their
tinuous, and the valleys filled with cement. The genera
M. eUphtu Is a large American species. Some of the ele- grain. In the East an Indian species, E. coracana (known
arc Elephan, Loxodon, and Steffodon, the last extinct.
phant-Deetlea, a* Difnatta hereviet of tropical America, nsnatchTiee, na<fla rngee, viand, and vturtva), is cultivated
elephaJltine (el-f-fan'tin), a.
attain a total lengtli of 6 inches, but of this the long pro- [= p. el^>han- as a com, from which the Tibetans make a weak beer. A'.
tlioracicbom make* about half. See cut under Hereute*- tin 8p. It. elefantino =
Pg. elephantine, < L. = «(rtc(o is also a pro<luctive grain, and the Abyssinian grain
beau. elephantinus, elephantine, also of ivory, < Gr. tocusso is the product of another species, A'. Tocimsq. E.
2. One of the rhynchophorous beetles or wee- eXe^vTivo^, of ivory, < i'Aiijxt^ (t ?jr0avr-), elephant, Indica, an annual species, is now naturalized in most warm
vils xo called from the long snout or proboscis. countries, and is good for grazing and soiling, and as
:
ivory: soe elephantJ] 1. Pertaining to the ele- hay.
elephant-bird (el'e-fant-b^'rd), n. fossil bird A
phant ; resembling an elephant. Eleusinia (el-fl-sin'i-S), n.pl. [L.,< Gr. 'EXfD-
of Madaga.sear, of tfie genus .^pyornis (which
With turcoisea divinely blue neut. pi. of 'E^eixTmof pertaining to Eleu-
aiviaj ,
seo (Though doubts arise where first they grew. sis, < 'E/Uwr/f C^ltvatv-), Eleusis.]
)
In Gr. antiq.
elephant-creeper (ere-fant-kre''p*r), n. The Whether chaste elephantine lx>ne
the famous Athenian mysteries and festival of
Argyrria npinnga, a coin vol vulaceous woody By min'rals ting'd, or native stone).
Sir W. Jonee, The Enchanted Fruit. Eleusis, symbolizing the various phases of hu-
climber of India, reaching the tops of the tall-
est trees, it* leave* are wblte-tomen(u*e beneath, and Hence 2. Elephant-like; huge; immense; — man life in the li^t of philosophic views as
to its eternity, and honoring Demeter (Ceres),
it* deep-ra*e-colored flower* are borne in axillary cymes. heavy; clumsy: as, he was of elephantine pro-
The leave* are oied for poultice* and in various cntaoeoos portions; elephantine movements. Cora (Proserpina), and the local Attic divinity
diseases, lacchos ( "\aKx<K) as the especial protectors of
But what insolent familiar durst have mated Thomas
elephanter (el-e-fan't^), n. A heavy periodi- Coventry ? —whose person was a gua<lrate, his step massy agriculture and of all fruitfulness, and the guar-
eal rain at Bombay. and elephantine. LairUf, Old Benchers. dians of Athens. Eleusinia, introduced from Athens,
 :: ' : ; :

Eleusinia 1876 elevator

were also celebrated in other parts of
Greece and Greek ed from having the tail free from the
interf em- elevatio (el-e-va'shi-6), n. [L. : see elevation.']
lands. See Eleusinian.—QTea,t Eleuslnla, the chief an-
nual festival in honor of Denu-ter and Cora, celebrated at
oral membrane. E. (egyptiacus is a species fre- 1. In anc. music, a raising of the voice ; arsis.
Athens and Eleusis from the l.sth to the 2;id of Boedronuon quently sculp- —
2. In medieval music, the extension of a mode
(September-October).— Lesser Eleasinla, an annual fes- tured on Egyp- beyond its usual compass or ambitus.
tival at Athens, held as a prelude to the Great Elensinia tian monu- elevation (el-e-va'shon), n. [< ME. elevacioun,
in the middle of the month of Anthesteriou (February-
March). ments. < OF. elevaci'on, F. elevation = Pr. eslevation,
Eleusinian (el-u-sin'i-an), a. [< L. Eletmnius, eleyate (el'f- eslevatio =
Sp. elevacion =
Pg. elevagSo It. =
< Gr. 'K/.f wavof , pertaining to Eleusis : see Elcu- vat), V. t. ; elcvasione, < L. elevatio{n-), a lifting up, < ete-
sinia.l Relating to Eleusis in Attica, Greece pret. and pp. rare, lift up, elevate : see e^'ate.] 1. The act
as, the Eleusinian mysteries and festival, the elevated, ppr. of elevating or raising from a lower level, place,
mysteries and festival of Demeter (Ceres), cele- elevating. [< or position to a higher.
brated at Eleusis. L. elevatus, I hope a proper elevation of voice, a due emphasis and
Eleuthera bark. Same as cascariUa bark (which pp. of elevare accent, are not tocome within this description.
(> It. elevare Steele, Spectator, No. 147.
see, under bark').
Eleutherata (e-lu-the-ra'ta), n. pi. [Nl,., < Gr. = Sp. Pg. ele- can add nothing to the accounts already published of
I

i>^ii)epo<;, free, + -ato2.] "A term used by Fa- var = F. ele-

the elevation of the land at Valparaiso which accompa-
nied the earthquake of 1822.
bricius (1775) to designate beetles, the insects ver), raise, lift Daru-in, Geol. Observations, ii. 245.
•which now form the order Coleoptera. up, < e, ex,
2. The
state of being raised or elevated ; ex-
eleutherian (el-u-the'ri-an), a. [< Gr. elevBepioi, out, +levare,
altation; specifically, exaltation of feeling or
like a free man, frank, freely giving, bountiful make light,
spirits.
(i/^v6epia,freedom), < iXcvdepog, free.] Freely lift, < levis,
Different elevations of spirit unto God are contained in
giving; bountiful; liberal. light : see lev- the name of prayer. Uooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 48.
And eleutherian Jove will bless their flight. ity, lever. Cf. His style was an elegant perspicuity, rich of phrase,
Glover, Leonidas, alleviate.'] 1. but seldom any bold metaphors and so far from tumid,
i. ;

To move or E^ptian Free-tailed Bat (Eieutherurus

that it rather wanted a little elevation. Sir U. Wotton.
Eleutheroblastea (e-Wthe-ro-blas'te-a), n.pl.
cause to move
agyptiacus).
+' J fancied I could distinguish an elevation of spirit dif-
[NL., < Gr. tXeWepoc, freej' iSXaarSg," germ.']
ferenf from that which is the cause or the effect of simple
from a lower to a higher level, place, or posi-
An order of hydroid hydrozoans, or a suborder
tion; raise; lift; lift up: as, to e/eijaie the nost jollity. Sterne, Sentimental Journey, p. 115.
of the order Hydroida and class Hydrozoa, rep-
in the service of the mass ; to elevate the voice. Hence — 3. A
state of slight inebriation; tip-
resented by the common fresh-water hydra.
Hydra viridis, of the family Hydrida. The Dwarf, bear my shield ; squire, elevate my lance.
siness. [Colloq.] —
4. That which is raised or
Beau, and FL, Knight of Burning Pestle, iii. elevated; an elevated place; a rising ground;
animals have a tiydriform trophosome and no niednsoid 2.
buds, both Renerative products being developed within In every endeavour to elevate ourselves above reason,
a height.
the body-wall of the single polypite of which the hydro- we are seeking to elevate ourselves above the atmosphere His [Milton's] poetry reminds us of the miracles of Al-
some consists. It is the lowest and simplest grade of with wings which cannot soar but by beating the air. pine scenery. Nooks and dells, beautiful as fairyland, are
hydrozoans, and contains the only fresh-water forms. J. Martineau. embosomed in its most rugged and gigantic elevations.
eleutheroblastic (e-lu'the-ro-blas'tik), a. Of Maeaulay, Milton.
You remember the high stool on which culprits used to
or pertainiiio; to the Eleutheroblastea. be elevated with the tall paper fool's-cap on their heads, 5. Altitude, (a) In astron., the distance of a heaven-
blushing to the ears. ly body above the horizon, or the arc of a vertical circle
eleutlierobranclliate(e-lu''the-ro-brang'ki-at), intercepted between it and the horizon. (6) In gun., the
LoweU, Among my Books, Istser., p. 241.
a. [< NL. *eleutherobranchiaiusi <. Gr. eAcvdepoQ, angle wliich the axis of the bore makes with the plane of
free, -I- (Spdyxta, gills.] Having free gills; of 2. To raise to a higher state or station ; exalt the horizon, (c) In dialing, the angle whicli the style
or relating to the Eleutherobranchii. raise from a low, common, or primary state, as makes with the substylar line, (d) In topog.: (1) Height;
the vertical distance above the sea-level or other surface
Eleutherobrancllii (e-lu''the-r9-brang'ki-i), n. by training or education; raise from or above of reference, (2) The angle at which anything is raised
pi. [NL., < Gr. i'Midepoc, free, + jipayxia, gills.] low conceptions : as, to elevate a man to an of- above a horizontal direction.
A primary group of fishes, having the gills free fice; to «toafe the character. Tak ther the elevacioun of thi pool,and eke the latitude
at the outer edge, and thus contrasted with the Honours that tended to elevate a body of people into a of thy regioun. Chaucer, Astrolabe, ii. § 23.
selachians and the myzonts. It includes all the from the rest of the nation.
distinct species Shcnstone. 6. In arch., a geometrical representation of a
true or teleostomous fishes. [Not in use.] A grandeur, a simplicity, a breadth of manner, an ima- building or part of a building or other structure
Eleutherodactjrli (e-lu"the-r6-dak'ti-li), n. pi. gination at once elevated and restrained by the subject, in vertical projection —
that is, of its upright
[NL., < Gr. i'Xevdepoc, free, +
toe.] In ornith., those Passeres which have the
daKTvlo^, finger, reign throughout Milton's Ode on the Nativity.
Hallam, Introd. Lit. of Europe, iii. 5. parts. —
7. Eccles., the act of raising the eucha-
ristic elements after consecration and before
hind toe perfectly free, as is the case with all The competence of man to elevate and to be elevated is
in that desire and power to stand in joyful aiul ennobling
communion, in sign of oblation to God, or in or-
Passeres except the Eurylcemidw or Desmodac- der to show them to the people. With reference to
intercourse with individuals, which makes the faith and the
tyli (which see). The character is made a ba- practice of all reasonable men. Emerson, Domestic Life. the latter purpose especially, this act is also known as the
sis of the primary division of Passeres. Forbes. ostension. The act of elevation before God and that of os-
3. To excite ; cheer ; animate : as, to elevate tension to the people are, however, in many liturgies not
eleutherodactylous (e-lu"the-ro-dak'ti-lus), a. the spirits. coincident.
Having the characters of the Eleutherodac-
tyli.
Nor. Or art thou mad ? The priests were singing, and the organ sounded.
Clorin. A little elevated And then anon the great cathedral bell.
eleutheromania (e-lu''the-ro-ma'ni-'a), n. [NL., With the assurance of my
future fortune It was the elevation of the Host.
< Gr. e/.eWepoc, free (eTievBtpta, freedom), -I- /lavia, Why do you stare and grin 1 Longfellow, Spanish Student, i. 3.
madness.] A
mania for freedom; excessive Mas8in(/er, Parliament of Love, ii. i.
8. In the Bom. Cath. a musical compo-
liturgy,
zeal for freedom. [Rare.] When men take pleasure in feeling their minds elevated sition, vocal or instrumental, performed in con-
by strong drink, and so indulge their appetite as to destroy
Our Peers have, in too many cases, laid aside their frogs, their understandings, . . . their case is much to be pitied.
nection with the elevation of the host Altitude
laces,bagwigs and go about in English costume, or ride
;
John Woolman, Journal (1756), p. 93. or elevation of the pole. See altitude.— Angle of ele-
rising in their stirrups, in the most headlong manner;
nothing but insubordination, eleutheromania, confused Hence 4. To — intoxicate slightly; render
vation, in ordnance, the angle which the axis of the gun
makes with a line passing through its sights and the tar-
unlimited opposition in their heads. somewhat tipsy. [Colloq.] get.— Elevation bell. See 6f((i.— Elevation of the
Carlyle, French Eev., I. iii. 4. I>anagla. See panapia.- Geometric elevation, a de-
His depth of feeling is misunderstood he is supposed ;
sign for the front or side of a building drawn according to
eleutheromaniac (e-lii"the-ro-ma'ni-ak), a. and to be a little elevated, and nobotly heeds him. the rules of geometry, as opposed to perspective or natural
n. [< el^utlteromania +
-ac; cf. maniac.'] I. Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, ix. elevation. =Syu. 1. Lifting, lifting up, uplifting, improve-
a. Having an excessive zeal for freedom. 5t. To make light or unimportant; diminish —
ment. 2. Eminence, loftiness, superiority, refinement.

Crowds, aa was said, inundate the outer courts inun- the weight or importance of. elevator (el'f-va-tor), n. [= p. elevateur =
dation of young eleut/ieroinaniac Noblemen in English
:

The Arabian physicians, not being able to deny

. . .
Sp. elevador =
It. elevatore, < LL. elevator, one
costume, uttering audacious speeches. it to be true of the holy Jesns, endeavour to elevate and who raises up, a deliverer, < L. elevare, lift up
Carlyle, French Kev., I. iii. 4. lessen the thing by saying it is not wholly beyond the see elevate.'] 1. One who or that which raises,
H. One having an excessive zeal for free-
n.
force of nature that a virgin should conceive.
Jer. Taylor, Kule of Conscience, L 4.
lifts, or exalts. Specifically —
2. In anal.: (a)
dom a fanatic on the subject of freedom.
;
Disclosed elevated. See disclosed.— HevSiteA rail-
A muscle which raises a part of the body, as the
elentlieropetalous (e-lu"the-ro-pet'a-lus), a. road. See roifrodd.— Elevating arc. Seearei.=Syn. lip or eyelid: same as levator. (6) Same as fx-
[< Gr. £/.£i'&pof, free, + TriraMiv, a leaf (in mod. 1. To lift up, uplift.— 2. To promote, ennoble.— 1-3. Li/t, tensor. [Rare.]
bot. a petal), + -oits.'] In bat., having the pet- Exalt, etc. See raise. There appear, at first, to be but three elevntors, or ex-
als distinct polypetalous.
;
ele'rate (el'e-vat), a. [ME. elevat; < L. eleva- tensors [of the digits], but practically each segment [pha-
tus, pp. : see the verb.] Raised elevated. lanx] has its elevator. Hxixley, Anat. Vert., p. 50.
eleutherophyllous (e-lu"the-ro-fil'us), a. [<
;

Gr. cMvOepoQ, free, + (jiv'A/m) =

L. folium, a leaf, [Poetical and rare.] 3. A surgical instrument used for raising a de-
+ -ous.'i In bot., composed of separate leaves And in a region elevate and high. pressed or fractured part of the skull. Also
—
applied to a calyx or corolla, or to the perianth And by the form wherein it [a comet] did appear, called elevatory, 4. In mecli., a hoisting ap-
As the most skilful seriously divine, paratus a lift, (a) A car or cage for lifting and low-
as a whole. Foreshow'd a kingdom shortly to decline.
;

ering passengers or freight in a lioistway in a broad

Eleutheropomi (e-lu"the-ro-p6'mi), n. pi. Drayton, Baron's Wars,
;

[XL., < Gr. k'/xvdnpo^, f reo" + TTufia, a lid.]

1.
sense, the entire hoisting apparatus, including the shaft
' A
On each side an imperial city stood. or well, the cage, and the motor. See hoisting-engine.
suborder of chondropterygian fishes, in which With towers and temples proudly elevate (6) A structure for storing grain in bulk, including the
the gills are free. The sturgeons and chimse- On seven small hills. Milton, P. R., iv. 34. grain-lifters and -conveyers. In such elevators the ele-
vator proper, or lifter, is a continuous band of leather
ras were grouped together by Dum6ril under elevatedness (el'e-va-ted-nes), n. The state studded witli metal cups or elevator-buckets, passing over
this title. [Not in use.] of being elevated. a pulley at the top of tlie building and under a second
eleutlierosepalous (e-lu'the-ro-sep'a-lus), a. I had neither wife nor children, in whom mutually to pulley on the elevator-boot, or the foot of an inclosed
[< Gr. i'MvOepoc, free, +
'SLii' sepalum, sepal, + reflect and see reflected the elevatedness and generosity of
tube called the elevator-leg (see leg). In some instances
the elevator-leg is pivoted at the top, so that it may
-ous.J In bot., composed of distinct sepals; ray station. Godwin, St. Leon.
swing clear of the building and reach into the hold of
polysepalous. elevating-screw (el'e-va-ting-skro), M. screw A the vessel or car to be emptied. The stcnctnre it*ell
Eleutlieniras (e-lu-the-rS'ms), n. [NL., < Gr. by means of which the breech of a piece of consists of a nest of deep bins, into which the grain is di-
rected by spouts from the top of the lifter. The capacity
i'/jeiSepoi, free, + oipd,"tail.] A
genus of fruit- ordnance is adjusted for the elevation or ver- of such elevators is often one and a half million bushels or
eating bats, of the family Pteropodidw, so caU- tical direction of the piece. more. For the horizontal movement of grain in elevators,
 ; ; —
; ; ! : ;

elevator 1877 elicit

eoDTeyers are nsed. Lifting elevators are also used In last moment just before it is too late : In allusion to the
; n, a. Relating or pertaining to elves.
and other works, to parable of the laborers in the vineyard. Mat. xx. 1-16.
flour-mills, (mnding-niills, furnaces, The mightiest chiefs of British song
handle materials of all kinds in bulk, as sand, ashes, n. n. 1. One of eleven equal parts; the quo- Scorned not such legends to prolong
ice, etc. . .
, tient of unity divided by eleven : as, five elev- They gleam through Spenser's elfin dream,
5. A building containing one or more mecnan- enths of fifty-five are twenty-five. And mix in Milton's heavenly theme,
Scott, Manuion, Int, L
ic'al elevators, especially a warehouse for the
Tlie crysoprase the tenthe is tyst
Btorase of grain. [U. S.] — Autodynamlc eleva-
The lacyngh the enleuenthe gent. Excalibur, . rich . .

tor °ee aii((«ivmii»"<:.— Elevator case,

a noted case
Alliterative Poenis (ed. Morris), i. 1013.
With jewels, elfin Urim, on the hilt.
before the Inited States Supreme Court in 1S76 (.Munu ra. Tennyson, Coming of Arthur.
niinois »i V. S., 113), in which it was decided that, not- 2. In early Eng. law, an eleventh part of the Elfin pipe. Hee /airy pipes, alidei /airy.
power Congress regulate
withstanding the exclusive of to
rents of the year, or of movables, or both, elfish, elvish (el'fish, -vish), a. [< ME. elvish,
iDteretate commerce, a State may, for the
public good,
regulste the manner in which citizens shall use their prop-
—
granted or levied by way of tax. 3. In music : elvisch, alvisc (= MHG. elbisch) ; <.elf+ -ish'^.]
erty when devoted by them to a use in which the
public (a) The interval between any tone and a tone 1. Of or pertaining to elves or to elf-land; of
have an interest so called
: Ijecause suslainnig the valid- on the eleventh diatonic degree above or be- the nature of an elf; caused by or characteris-
ity of a statute limiting grain-elevator
tolls.— ElevatOr-
— low it ; a compound fourth, or an octave and a tic of elves; peevish; spiteful: as, an e?^/t be-
enflne See eiprinf. Floating elevator, an elevator fourth. (6) A
tone distant by an eleventh from ing ; elfish mischief.
erected on a boat for lifting, transferring, or storing gram.
Such elevators are used to transfer grain from barges to the a given tone. O, spite of spites
holds of ships.— Hydraulic elevator, an elevator oper- elf (eU), n.; pi. elves (elvz). [Early mod. E. We talk with goblins, owls, and elvish sprites
ated by some kind of hydraulic apparatus. For short If we obey them not, this will ensue.
used, particularly
also elfe; < ME. elf, elfe, alfe,-pl. elvene, alvene,
They'll suck our breath, or pinch us black and blue.
lifts the hydraulic press is sometimes
< AS. (elf, pi. ylfe, m., celfen, elfen, in a veij
where the weight to be raised is great Another form, Shak., C. of E., ii. 2.
for liv'ht loads and moderate heighu, is a telescopic
tulw early form (KlUn (usually in comp.), m., an elf, I watched the water-snakes .
»upp..rting the car at the upper end. On filling the tube sprite, fairy, incubus, =
MD. alf,l). elf= MLG. And when they reared, the elfish light
; . .

with » ater under pressure It expands and raises the car alf, LG. elf= OHG. alp, MHG. alp (alb-), pi. elbe, Fell off in hoary flakes.
to lower it, the supply of water is cut o(f and that in the Coleridge, Ancient Mariner, iv.
and G. alp, m., MHG. elbe, 1. (G. elf, m., elfe, .,
,

f
tube is allowed to escape. The most common form of hy-
draulic elevator in the United States is that of a car lifted < E. elf), Icel. dlfr= =
Sw. alf, m., elfva, ., f el/-
2t. Distracted or be-witohed by elves; distraught
by ropes, operated by a pisUjn in a long cylinder. The rope
moved (in comp.),
pi. elfvor =
Dan. alf, elver- (in or abstracted, as if bewitched.
ii connected directly with the piston-rod, which is
comp.), an elf: a common Teut. word; tilt, He semeth elvyssh by his contenaunce.
by the admission of water under pressure. In some in-
stances the cylinder is horizontal and the travel of the pis- origin unknown. From the Icel. form dlfr, for For unto no wight doth he daliaunce.
ton limited, multiplying gear being titled tn the rope. The merly alfr, is the doublet aulf, awf, also writ Chaucer, Sir Thopas, Prol., 1. 13.
form
usual form is an upright cylinder with a very simple ten auph, ouph, and usually oa/, q. v., now elflshly, elvishly (el'fish-li, -vish-li), adv, In
of rope-gearing.— Pneumatic elevator, a hoisting or
discriminated in senses. Bee erl-king.'] 1. An the manner of elves ; mischievously,
lifUng apparatus worked by compressed air ; a pneumatic
hoist. imaginary being superstitiously supposed to in- g^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ talking, and singing, and laughing
r nt
elevatory (el'e-va-to-n), a. ana n. [= F. 6l^a- habit unfrequented places, and in various ways „ost elvishly, with the invisibles of her own
-rt
race,
Scott, Peveril of the Peak, xvi.
toire = It. eleraiorio, < NL. 'elevatorius, < LL. to affect mankind; a sprite; a fairy; a goblin.
elevator, elevator: see elevator, elevate.'^ I. a. Elves
human
are usually imagined as diminutive tricksy beings
interferenc«*ither kind
tnc»nri,inu8lnterferenci»*ither
.riven tocapricious
in
-ifv«n Cfiif'lcinl n r< elf -r aim.
kind- ©U^UHeil "^"J;"- l^ eij
dim. -kin
/««.j +
A .ci. little
iii/no A
elevate.
form, given
t,,,,,,a.,/,,rm
Kaisiiig or tending to raise; having power to iy or mischievous, in human affairs. W
elf-king (elf 'king), fl. [= D. clfenkoning Dan. =
This was the olde opinion as I rede,—
Channels are almost universally present within the I si)€ke of manye hundred yeres ago,
dverkoiige.'] The king of the elves or fairies.
fringing reefs of those islands which nave undergone re-
Darwin, Coral Reefs, p. 78. But now kan uo man se none elves mo. elf-land (elf'land), n. The region of the elves;
cent eltaUory movements. Chaucer, Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 6. fairy-land.
Among these tUvalory, and therefore reparative, agents, Every e{f, and fairy sprite,
the most important place must Iw assigned to earthquake* The horns of El/lartd taintly blowing.
and volcanoea. Huxley, Physiography, p. 186. Hop as light as bird from brier. Tennysmi, Princess, iiL
Shak., M. N. D., v. 2.
n. «• ; pl. eletatories (-riz). Same as elevo The elves also.
elf-lock (elf 'lok), n. A
knot of hair twisted by
tor, 3. Whose little eyes glow elves; a knot twisted as if by elves ; hence, in
616ve (a-lev'), n. [F., < iliver, raise, bring up, Like the sparks of Are, befriend thee. the plural, hair in unusual disorder.
educate, < L. elecare, raise: see eletate.\ A Herriek, Nlght-Piece to Julia. This is that very Mab,
pupil one brought up, educated, or trained
;
by 2. A mischievous or vricked person ; a knave That plats the manes of horses in the night.
And bakes the el/-locks in foul sluttish hairs,
aiiotlier. a rogue. Which, once untangled, much misfortune bodes.
eleven (e-lev'n), a. and ». [< ME. eOeven, en- Bid htm, without more ado. Shak., R. and J., i. 4.

Icicii, enlecene, enleve, elleocen, eUeove, endlete, Surrender Umself, or else the proud el/
Shall suffer with all his crew. you knot or elf-lock; which nothing
will pull all Into a
etc., < .AS. endleo/an, endlufon, endlyifoH (= OS. but the shears or a candle will undo.
Bolnn Hood and th» Valiant Knight (Child's Ballads,
Oef, devan, eleven, ellevan =
OFries. andlova, at- [V. 88»). B. JoHson, Magnetick Lady, Ind.
vene, ellera =J).elf =
L». eleve, Slice, olmen = Spite of all the criticising elves. Ragged el/locks hanging down to the breast.
OHG. einUr, MHG.
einli/, einlef, eilef, eilf, G. must feel themselves. ii. F. Burton, El-Medinah, p. 319.
Those who would make us feel,

eilj, elf= Icel. elli/ii, later elle/u, 8w. elfva = = Churchill, The Rosciad, L 961.
elf-locked (elf 'lokt), a. Wearing elf-locks ; -with
Dau. ellere =Goth, ainlif), eleven, orig. 'dnli/ 3. A
diminutive person; a dwarf; hence, a disheveled or tangled hair. [Poetical.]
(the first syllable (end-, <dn) having been modi- pet name for a child, especially one who is very The el/elockt fury all her snakes had shed.
fied by shortening and mutation with dissimi- sprightly and graceful. =Syn. 1. Sprite, hobgoblin. Sir R. Stapteton, tr. of Juvenal, vii. 83.
lated gemination of n to iirf, and the last syl- Imp.— 8. Urchin, dwarf.— 1 and 3. Fay, Gnome, etc. .See
(elf 'kwen), n. [< ME. elfqueen; < elf
elf-queen
lable (-an, -on) added as a quasi-plural suffix), /airy.
-i- queen.'\ The queen of the elves or fairies.
< an (= Goth, ain, etc.), one, +
-lif, an element elf (elf), V. t. [< elf, n., in allusion to the mis-
AS. Uoelf, E.= chievousness ascribed to elves. Cf. elf-lock.} The el/queeM with hir joly compaignye
appearing also in Goth, tiealif Daunced ful ofte in many a grene mede.
ticcire, etc. (see twelve), and appar. Lith. = To entangle intricately, as the hair. [Bare.] ChaiMr, Wife of Bath's Tale, L 4.
-lika, in r«noUJka, eleven, where the element is My face I'll grime with filth
Gr. <J^«ra = Blanket my loins; el/M my hair in knots.
elf-shot (elf 'shot), o. Shot by an elf.
by some supposed to stand for 'dika Lear, There, every herd, by sad experience, knows
= L. decern =
E. ten, making the Teut. and
Shak., 11. 3.

How, wing'd with fate, their el/-shot arrows fly.

Lith. forms exactly cognate with L. undecim elf-arrow (elf 'ar'o), n. Same as elf-bolt. When the sick ewe her summer food foregoes.
eleven, < unus =
'E. one, decern +E. ten.} =
elf-bolt (elf 'bolt), n. An arrow-head of flint or Or stretch'd on earth, the heart-smlt heifers lie.
Coffin*, Pop. Superstitions of the Highlands.
I. One more than ten : a cardinal numeral other stone found among paleolithic remains:
beginning the second decade : as, eleven men. 80 called from the supposition that they were elf-shot (elf 'shot), n. 1. Same as elf-bolt.
The game [Bhovel-t)oardl, when two pUy, 1* generally fairy arrow-heads. Also elf-arrow, elf-dart, elf- The Stone Arrow Beads of the old Inhabitants of this
eleven : but the number is extended when four or more are shot, elf-stone. Island (that are sometimes found) are vulgarly supposed
child supposed to to Iw Weapons shot by Fairies at Cattle. They are note.
A
.iointly concerned. Strvtt, SporU and Pastime*, p. 895. called
elf-child (elf'chOd), n. Bournes Pop. Antuj. (1777), p. 117,
n. n. 1. The number which is the sum of ten have been substituted by elves for one which
E(/-shots.

and one. 2. — A
symbol representing eleven they ^^ had stolen ; a _ changeling. 2. disease supposed to be produced by the
A
units, as 11, or XI., or xi.— 3. A
team or side elf-dart (elf'dilrt), n, Same as elf-bolt. agency of elves. [Scotch.]
in cricket or foot-ball: so called because regu- elf-dock (elf'dok), n. See docfci, 2. elf-skint (elf'skin), n. word found only in A
larly consisting of eleven players: as, the Phil- elf-flre (elf 'fir), n, A
common name for ignis the following passage, where it is probably a
ailflphia cleren; there were two strong elevens fatuus. misprint for eel-skin (in allusion to Prince Hen-
mat<'hed. eifln (el'fin), ». and a. [An artificial (poeti- ry's long and lank figure).
eleven-o'clock-lady (f-lev'n-o-klok-la'di), n. cal) form, first used by Spenser; in form as if Fat. Away, you starveling, you eJAsttn, you dried
neat's-

[Tr. F. dome (Fonze heures.'] 'flie star-of -Beth- an adj. (for 'elfen, < elf -en), but it first ap- + tongue. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., ii. 4.

lehem, Ornilliogtilum umbellatum. pears as a noun, and in det. 2 is appar. regard- elf-stone (elf'stdn), n. Same as elf-bolt.
eleventh (e-lov'nth), a. and n. [< ME. ellev- ed as diminutive. Cf. AS. elfen, alfen, wlbin elger (el'gfer), ». [E. dial., < ME. elger,elyer (=
enth': cUn-i-nd, cideventhe, endlefte, enlefte, etc., (usually in comp.) (= MHG. elbinne), a fairy, MD. aelghecr, elgheer, D. aalgeer), ult. < AS. ml,
< AS. endlyfta (= OS. ellifto =
OFries. ellefta, nymph, fem. of ailf, an elf: see elf.} I. ». 1. eel, +
gdr, spear: see gar, gorc^.} An eel-
elefta, alfta, andlofta = =
D. el/de OHG. einlUto, An elf; an inhabitant of fairy-land: in Spenser spear. Prompt. Pan., p. 138. [Local, Eng.]
MHG. einlifle, einUfte, eil/te, G. elfte Icel. =
applied to his knights. Elgin marbles. Bee marble.
ellifti, mod. ehefti =
Dan. ellevte Sw. elfte, = He was an Elfin borne of noble state Eliac (e'li-ak), a. Pertaining to Elis, an
ancient
eleventh: as eleven (AS. endleofan, etc.) -th, +
And mickle worship in his native land. city of the Greek Peloponnesus. Also
&'««»•
the ordinal suffix: see -^3.] I. a. 1. Next in Spetuier, ¥. Q., II. 1. 6.
-EUac school, a school of philosophy founded in Elis by
Its doctrines
order after the tenth: an ordinal number. 2. little urchin or child. A [Playful.] PhB!.!.., a scholar and favorite of Socrates.
somewhat skep-
are conjcctnic-d to have been ethical, and
But aboute the eUevenlhe hour he wente out and founde tical ccmceming the theory of cognition.
For she was just, and friend to virtuous lore.
other stondrnge, and he seide to hem, what stonden ye
Wycli/, Mat xx. And pass'd much time In truly virtuous deed; elicit (e-lis'it), V. t. [< L. elieitus, pp. of elicere,
Idel heere al dal 1
And In those elfins' ears would oft deplore draw out, < e, out, lacere, entice: see lace. +
2. Constituting one of eleven equal parts into The times, when truth by Popish rage did bleed. draw out; bring forth or to
Shenstone, The Schoolmistress, st. 15. Cf. allect.} To
which anything is divided : as, the eleventh part light; evolve; gain: as, to eKcit sparks by
col-
of fifty-five is five At tbe eleventli hour, at the -Syn. See /airy, n.
 ; ;

elicit 1878 elision

lision ; to elicit ap- eligmid (e-lig'mid), n. A bivalve moUusk of eliminative (e-lim'i-na-tiv), a. [< eliminate -^
truth by discussion ; to elicit
proval. the family Eligmidw. -ivc.] Pertaining to or effecting elimination;
From the words taken together such a sense must be Eligmidae (e-lig'mi-de), n.pl. [NL., < Eligmus + specifically, excretory.
elieiUd as will give a meaning to each word. -ida'.] A family of fossil bivalve moUusks, typi-
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 254. Eliminative or excretory tissues represented by cells in
fied by the genus Eligmus. They have a peculiar the kidneys, skin, etc.
That may justly elicit the assent of reasonable men. sliell gaping behind the umbones and a special myophore //. N. Martin, Human Body (3d ed.), p. 30.
Sir M. Halt, Orig. of Mankind, p. 129. for the adductor muscle. The species are peculiar to
It is not the composition of the piece, but the number the Oolite. They are generally referred to the family eliminator (e-lim'i-na-tgr), n. [< eliminate +
of starts and attitudes that may be introduced, that elicits Ostreid(P. -or.] One who or that'wnich eliminates, re-
applause. Goldsmith, Vicar, xviii. Eligmus (e-lig'mus), n. [NL., prop. *Heligmus, moves, or throws aside.
The inquiry at Strathani was calculated to elicit the < Gr. eXiy//df, a winding, rolling, convolution, < Tlie lungs play a double part, being not merely eiimt-
truth. D. Wel)tter, Goodrich Case, April, 1817. s?i<T<Te(v, wind, roll, turn se^ helix.] The typi- nators of waste or excretionary products, but importers
:

cal genus of Eligmid(E. into the economy of a substance which is not exactly
elicitt (e-lis'it), a. [< L. elicitus, pp. see the : either food or drink, but something as important as either
verb.] 1. Immediately directed to an end: elimatet
(el'i-mat or e-li'mat), v. t. [< L. eli- — to wit, oxygen. Huxley and Youmans, Physiol., § 29.
matus, pp. of elimare', fiile, polish, < e, out, +
opposed to imperate. eliminatory (e-lim'i-na-to-ri),
limare, file, < lima, a file.] To render smooth; a. [< eliminate
To give alma ia a proper and act of charity.
elicite
polish. + -ory.] Eliminative.
Jer. Taylor, Kule of Conscience, ii. 3.
eliminable (e-lim'i-na-bl), a. [< L. eliminare, Clironic irritation set up in the eliminatory organs by
2. Performed by the will itself without the eliminate: see -able.]" Capable of being elimi- the excretion of incompletely oxidized nitrogenous mat-
aid of any other faculty: as, volition, nolition, nated.
ter. Med. Sews, LII. 294.
choice, consent, and the like are elicit acts op- :
Cumulative error, not elitnirmble by working in a circuit, elinguatet (e-ling'gwat), v. t. [< L. elinguatus,
posed to imperate. may be caused when there is much northing or southing pp. of elinguare, deprive of the tongue, < e,
The schools dispute whether in morals the external ac- in the direction of the line. Jincyc. Brit., XXII. 707. out, lingua +
E. tongue.] To cut out the =
tion superadds anything of good or evil to the internal
eliminant (e-lim'i-nant), tongue of.
act of the will.
elicit South, Works, I. 3. [< L. eUminan{t-)s,
n.
ppr. of eliminare, turn out of doors ; see elimi- The damned Doomes-man hath Him judg'd to death,
elicitatet (e-lis'i-tat), v. t. [< elicit + -ate^.'i nate.] In math., a function of the coefficients The Diu'll that Dlull elinguate for his doome.
To elicit. Davies, Holy Roode, p. 14.
of any number of homogeneous equations
And make it streme with light from forms innate. among the same number of quanti- elinguationt (e-ling-gwa'shon), n.
unknown [< LL. elin-
Thus may a skilful man hid truth elicitate. ties, such that the vanishing of the neces- guatio(n-), < L. elinguare, deprive of the tongue:
it is
Dr. H. More, Sleep of the Soul, ii. 41. see elinguate.] In old Eng. law, the punishment
sary and sufficient condition of the equations
elicitationt (e-lis-i-ta'shon), n. [< elicitate + being consistent with one another. [The word of cutting out the tongue.
-ion.] The act of eliciting, or of drawing out. was introduced by De Morgan. Many writers elingoidt (f-ling'gwid), a. [With irreg. term.
-id, < L. elinguis, without a tongue, speechless,
That elicitatioji which the schools intend is a deducing continue to use Bezout's word, resultant.]
of thepower of the will Into act that drawing which they
; eliminate (e-lim'i-nat), V. t. ; pret. and pp. elim- < e, out, -t- lingua E. tongue.] Tongue-tied=
mention is merely from the appetibility of the object. inated, ppr.' eliminating. not having the power of speech. Coles.
[< L. eliminatus, pp.
Bp. Bramhall.
of elimirjf^ (> It. eliminare Sp. Pg. eliminar Eliomys (e-li'o-mis), n. [NL. (Wagner, 1843), <
=
elide (e-lid'), v. t; pret. and pp. elided, ppr. = F. Glimmer), turn out of doors, banish, < e, Gr. fto(5f or ihidc, a kind of dormouse, Myoxus
eliding. [= Sp. Pg. elidir It. elidere, < L. eli- = out, + limen (limin-), a threshold, akin to limes glis, + /iif, mouse.] A genus of dormice, of the
dere, knock, strike, or dash out, force out, press family Myoxidw, with distichous tufted tail and
(Km(7-), a boundary: see limit.] If. To go be-
out, in gram. (tr. Gr. iK0U[itiv: see ecthlipsis) yond the limit or limits of. simple stomach. There are several species,
suppress (a vowel), < e, out, Icedere, strike, + In thy wreathed cloister thou
the best-known of which, E. nitela, is the lerot,
hurt by striking: see lesion. Cf. collide.'] If. Walkest thine own gray friar too about 6 inches long.
To break or dash in pieces crush. ; Strict, and lock'd up, thou'rt hood all o'er. eliquament (e-Uk'wa-ment), «. [< LL. as if
Before we answer unto these things, we are to cut off
And ne'er eliminat'st thy door. 'eliquamentum, < eliquafe, clarify, strain: see
that whereunto they from whom these objections proceed Lovelace, The Snail. eliquate.] A
liquid expressed from fat, or from
do oftentimes fly for defence and succour, when the force 2. To thrust out; remove, throw aside, or dis- fat fish.
and strength of their arguments is elided. regard as injurious, superfluous, irrelevant, or eliquate (el'i-kwat), v. t.j pret. and pp. eliqttai-
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, iv. 4.
for any reason undesirable or unnecessary ex- ed, ppr. eliquating. ; [< L. eliquatus, pp. of eli-
2. In gram., to suppress or slur over the soimd pel get rid of. quare, cause to flow, pour forui, clarify, strain,
;
of in speech, or note the suppression of in writ- Ttiis detains secretions which nature finds it necessary <L. e, out, + Kguore, melt, liquefy : see liquate.]
ing : technically applied especially to the cut- to eliminate. Hed. Repos. To separate, as one metal from another. See
ting oflE of a final vowel, as in "th' enemy," but liquaU.
Now here the obvious method occurs of sifting the
in a more general sense to that of a syllable masses, so as to eliminate the worst elements and retain eliquation (el-i-kwa'shgn), n. [< LL. eliqua-
or anv part of a word. See elliion, 1. the best. Prof. Blackie. 1io{n-), a liquefying, < eliquare, cause to flow
eligibility (el"i-ji-bil'i-ti), n. [< eligible: see Scientific truths, of whatever order, are reached by elim- freely, pour forth, clarify, strain: see eliquate .]
-biUtij.] 1. Worthiness or fitness to be cho- inating perturbing or conflicting factors, and recognizing See liquation.
sen the state or quality of a thing which ren- only fundamental factors.
;
H. Spencer, Data of Ethics, § 104. EliS (e'lis), m. [NL. (Fabricius, 1804).] A ge-
ders it desirable or preferable to another. nus of fossorial hymenopterous insects, of the
Sickness hath some degrees of eligibility, at least by an 3. In math., to remove (a quantity) from a sys- family Scoliidce. The eyes are subreniform in both
after-choice. Jer. Taylor, Holy Dying, vi. § 3. tem of equations by the reduction of the number sexes, and the front wings have two recurrent uervures.
2. Capability of being chosen to an office: the of equations. Thus, if we have two equations express-
ing respectively the rates at which an orange growing on a
condition of being qualified to be chosen ; legal tree increases in bulk and in weight, we can combine them
qualification for election or appointment. so as to eliminate the time, and so olttain an equation ex-
eligible (el'i-ji-bl), a. and n. [< OF. eligible, F. pressing the relation between the bulk and the weight.—
eligible = It. eligibile, < ML. *eligibilis, that may To eUminate the personal equation. See equation.
(Tile use of eliminate as a synonym of elicit, deduce, sepa-
be chosen (in adv. compar. eligibiliits), < L. eli- rate, etc., practised by some writers, is without justifica-
gere,choose: see elect.] I. a. 1. Fit to be tion.
chosen; worthy of choice; desirable: as, an Newton, . . . having eUmiTiated the great law of the
eligible tenant. natural creation. J. D. Morell.
Peace with men can never be eligiUe when it implies To eliminate the real effect of art from the effects of the
enmity with God. Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. xxiv. abuse. Ru3kin.]
While health endures, the latter part of life, in the eye elimination (e-lim-i-na'shon), n. [=
F. elimi-
of reason, is certainly the more eligible..
Steele, Spectator, No. 153.
nation = Sp. eliminadon = Pg. eliminagao It.=
eliminazione, < L. as if *eUminatio(n-), < elimi-
Certainty, in a deep distress, is more eligible than sus-
pense. Richardson, Clarissa Harlowe.
nare, thrust out of doors: see eliminate.] 1. A
thrusting out; the act of removing, throwing
Through tomes of fable and of dream
I Bought an theme.
eligible
aside, or disregarding ; expulsion ; riddance. Etis quadrinotata, natural size.

Cowper, Annus Meniorabilis, 1789. The preparatory step of the discussion was, therefore, They are large wasps of scoliid habits, of which 9 Korth
2. Qualified to be chosen legally qualified for an elimination of those less precise and appropriate sig- American and 6 European species are known. E. qua-
;
nifications which, as they would at best only afford a re- drinotata and E. plnmipes inhabit the southern United
election or appointment. mote genus and dilTerence, were wholly incompetent for States, where they have been found on cotton-plants,
Among the Mundnicus, the possession of ten smoke- the purpose of a definition. Sir W. Hamilton.
=
dried heads of enemies renders a man eligible to the rank
elision (e-lizh'pn), n. [= F. 4lision Sp. elision
of chief. //. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., § 350.
By means of researches on different coloured light it is
now ascertained that those rays whicli cause the liveliest
= Pg. elisSo =
It. elisiotie, elision, < L. elisio{n-),
a striking or pressing out, in gram. (LL.) the
H. n. One who is qualified to be chosen or elimination of oxygen belong to the less refrangible half
suppression of a vowel (tr. Gr. iKBlifi^: see
elected; an eligible person. of the spectrum. Lommel, Light (trans.), p. 196.
ecthlipsis), < elidere, pp. elisus, strike out, press
The certification of all the eligihles will result in what 2. In law, the act of banishing or turning out
you have applauded. The American, XII. 132. of doors; ejection. —
3. In math., the process
out: see elide.] 1. A
striking or cutting off;
specifically, in gram., the cutting off or sup-
eligibleness (el'i-ji-bl-nes), «. The state of of reducing a number of equations containing
pression of a vowel or syllable, naturally or for
being eligible fitness to be chosen in prefer- certain quantities to a smaller number, in
; the sake of euphony or meter, especially at
ence to another; suitableness; desirableness. which one or more of the quantities shall not
the end of a word when the next word begins
be found Dlalytlc elimination. See dialytic.—
It [citizenship] embraced certain private rights, and cer-
Eiiler's method of elimination, a method of eliminat-
with a vowel; more generally, the suppres-
tain political rights ; these last being principally the right sion of any part of a word in speech or writ-
ing an unknown quantity between two equations of the
of suffrage, and eluribleness to office.
mth and nth degrees respectively, which consists in mul- ing: as, in "th' embattled plain" there is an
O. P. Fisher, Begin, of Christianity, p. 49.
tiplying the first by an indeterminate expression of the elision of e; in "I'll not do it" there is an
eligibly (el'i-ji-bli), adv. In an eligible man- (n — l)th degree and the second by an indeterminate ex-
ner so as to be worthy of choice or capable of pression of the (in —
l)th degree, and e(iuating separately
elision of wi.
;

election.
the m -i- n terms so olStalned. 'The determinant express- The Italian is so full of Vowels, that it must euer bo
ing their compatibility is the eliminant required. cumbred with Elisions. Sir P. Sidney, Apol. for Foetrl«L
 ; :

elision 1879 ell

He has made use of several Eligioiu that are not cus* He that has once the flower of the sun, apets, window-heads, etc.
tommry anioug other English Poets. The Elizabethan style is the
The perfect ruby, which we call elixir, . . . last stage of the Tudor or Perpendicular, and, from
Additon, Spectator, Xo. S8S. Can confer honour, love, respect, long life; its
correspondence in period with the Renaissance of the
Nor praise I less that circumcision Give safety, valour, yea, and victory. continent, has sometimes been called the Enqlish Renais-
By ni'Kiern poets call'd eli^on, To whomJie will. B. Jomon, Alchemist, ii. 1. sance. The epitliet Jacobean has been given to the
latest
With which, in proper station plac'd, What enables nie to perform this great work is the use variety of the Elizabethan, dilTering from the Elizabethan
Thy polish'd lines are firmly brac'd. of my Obsequium Catholicum, or the grand elixir, to sup- proper in showing a greater proportion of corrupt Italian
Siri/t, The Dean's Answer to Sheridan. port tlie spirits of human nature. forms.
Guardian, No. 11.
m. Division; separation. The air we breathed was an elixir of immortality.
The house was an admu^ble specimen of complete
B. Taylor, Lands of the Saracen, p. 89. hltzahethan, amultitudinous cluster of gables and porches
The cause given of sound, that it would be an etinon of oriels and turrets, screens of ivy and pinnacles of
the mlr, whereby, if they mean anything, they mean a cut- slate.
ting or dividing, or else an attenuating of the 2. Inmed., formerly, a tincture with more than H. James, Jr., Pass. Pilgrim, p. 47.
air, is but a
term of ignorance. Boeun, Nat. Hist., § 124. one base ; in modern pharmacy, an aromatic, ^izabethan literature, the literature produced during
sweetened, spirituous preparation containing the reign of Queen Elizabeth, which was one of the
most
elisor (e-li'zor), n. [< OF. eliseor, esliseor, eli- prolific and well-marked periods of English literary
small quantities of active medicinal substances. ac-
sour, eliseur, mod. F. Hiseur, a chooser, < elire, The first object sought in the modern eli.xir is an agree- tivity. It was very remarkable for the variety, vigor, and
mod. F. L. eligere, choose see elite, v.,
elire, < : able taste, and usually this is attained only by such sacri- permanent value of much of its prose and verse and
In late, a shenJBFs substitute in perform- fices as to render the effect especially for the great number and productiveness of its
elect.'] of the medicine almost nil.
U. S. Dvipensatory, p. 537. dramatic writers. The two most eminent names in this
ing the duty of returning a jury, provided in literature are those of Francis Bacon, one of the greatest
some jurisdictions when the sheriff is interest- 3. The inmost principle absolute embodiment
;
of philosopliers, and William Shakspere, the greatest
or exemplification. of
ed in a suit. [Bare or obsolete.] all dramatists.— Elizabethan type. Same as church
She is not such a kind of evil _,„_.._..
as hath any good™„ „. „.^
or use '«' (which see, under c/iurcA, a.).
These Etuon [of
Preston) (called inhabitants only in the
In1 it, which many evils have,
charter) are by a bye-law of 1742 required to be capital hi but a distilfd quintessence^ elk^ (elk), n. [< ME. *elk (not foundl irreff
a nure
pure elixar of n,i».hi,,
mischief.
burgesses, and in-guUd burgesses. < ^g, ^i^j^ (occurring once in a glossary'of the
Munieip. Corp. Report, 1835, p. 1686. Milton, Church-Oovermnent, li.. Con.
8th century, glossing L. tragelaphus) for 'elh,
[ME. eliten (pp. elit), < OF. elit, eslit A serenity and complacency . infinitely beyond the
. .
with the reg. breaking *eolh (ef. eola, glossing
«litet. V. t. greatest bodily pleasures, the highest quintessence and
(F. elit), pp. of elire, eslire (F. elire), choose, < elixir of worldly delights. South, Works, I. ii. L. damina, deer, in the same glossary), MD. =
L.eijjere, choose, elect: see elect. Cf. Slite.] To KIlTir of vitriol, aromatic sulphuric acid a mixture of elgh =
OHG. elaho, eliho, elho, MHG. elhe, elch,
choose ; elect. sulphuric acid, cinnamon, ginger, and alcohol.
;

—
THlTlr a. elch, < Icel. elgr Sw. elg Norw. elg Dan. = = =
OneClCiua, . . .
proprletatis, a decoction of aloes, saffron, and myrrh in els-dyr (for "elgs-dyr)
vinegar. Commonly abbreviated elixir pro.
L. alces Gr. akav (the = =
Hurt Enea* afterward etit to wed. L. and Gr. perhaps of Teut. origin), elk. D.
DetlTuetion o/ Troy (E. T. S.), L 1490. K Paracelsus declared them an elixir made of aloes, saf- eland, an elk (also, in South Africa, an eland),
fron, and myrrh would prove a vivifying and preserving
A mare yboned sadde, ybulked greet, balsam, able to continue health and long life to its utmost
G. elend, elen, usually elen-thier (thier E. deer, =
Yformed nobully most been elite ;
And though she be not swyfte, a strong one gete. UmiU;. and hence he calls it by^ the lofty of a beast), elk, are or other origin: see eland.]
„..^ title oi elixir „,
PaUadiut, Husbondrle (E. E. T. S.), p. 136. propriety to man ; but concealed the preparation, in which 1 . Properly, the largest existing European and
Uelmont asserts the alcahest is required.
«litet, ». [Sc. also elyte (obs.); < ME. eliU, < P. Shaw, Chemistry, Process 81.
OF. elit, eslit, elected, pp. of elire, eslire, elect EllTlr vltw. See above, 1.— Elixir vltsB of Kathlolus,
see elite, r., and elect, r. and n.] One chosen; a compound of alcohol and upward of twenty aromatic
a person elected. and stimulating substances, at one time administered in
epilepsy.
The pape wild not consent, he quaued ther
Hobert of Brunne,
etilt.
eludr (e-lik's6r), v. t. [< elixir, n.] To give
tr. of Langtoft's Chron. (ed. HeameX the character of an elixir
Ip. aoo.
to. [Kare.]
Yourself you have a good physician shown.
tiite (a-lef), n. [P., < OF. eslite, < elire, eslire,
To his much grieved friends, and to your own.
F. Hire, choose, pp. elit, enlit, Hit, choice : see In giving this «furtr'd medicine.
elite, and elect, r. and n.] A
choice or select For greatest grief a sovereign anodyne.
body; the best part: as, the ^lite of society. Lovelace, To Capt, Dudley Lovelace.
elixt (f-Uks'), r. t. [< LL. eliiare, boil thor- elixiviatet (e-Uk-siv'i-at), V. t. [< L. e, out, +
oughly, seethe, < L. elixus, thoroughly boiled, E. lixiviate.] To lixiviate or refine thoroughly.
seethed, < e, out, +
lixare (rare), boil, < lit, Boyle.
ashes, lye.] To extract. elixiviationt (e-lik-siv-i-a'shon), n. [< elixivi-
With a stimine of fresh Invention, ate -ion.] +
complete or thorough process A
She might prease out the raritie of Art of lixiviation.
The pur'st itiaed ]ayoe of rich concelpt
Jfortton, Antonio and Mellida, Prol.
And by examining these substances by fit and proper
ways, as also the cap. mort. by calcination, eliximatum,
elixatet (f-lik'sat), t;. t. [< LL. eliratus, pp. of and (If It will bear such a fire) vitrification. Elk {yllcrt malchtt).

lixare, boil thoroughly: see elii.] To boil; BogU, Works, IV. 800.
seethe; extract by boiling. Sichardson. Asiatic species of the deer family, or CervidiE,
Elizabethan (e-liz-a-beth'au), a. Of or per-
Alces malchis (formerly called Cervus alces). it
elixationt (el-ik-sa'shon), H. [= P. fixation =
taining to Elizabetfi (daughter of Henry VlII.
stands when full-grown alwut 7 feet high at the withers,
Sp. elijui-ion =
Pg. elixa^So, < LL. as if 'elixa- and Anne Boleyn), (Jueen of England from 1558 and bears enonnous palmate antlers weighing sometimes
tio(n-), < elixare, pp. elixatus, boil thoroughly: to 1603, or to her times. 50 or 60 pounds. Its nearest living relative is the Ameri-
see elixate.] The cooking, especially of meat. Anew crop of geniuses like those of the Elizabethan age can moose.
by boiling; extraction by boiling; also, con- may be bom In tola age, and, with happy heart and a bias 2. In America, the wapiti, Cervus canadensis, a
coction in the stomach digestion. ;
for theism, bring aaoetlciam, duty, and magnanimity into very different animal from the elk proper, rep-
vogne again. Bmermn, In .V. A. Rev., CXXVI. 417. resenting the red deer or stag of Europe, C.
Blixation Is the seething of meat In the stomach, by the
said naturall heat, as meat is boiled In a pot ; to which Elizabethan architecture, a name given to the mixed
or drliaiK'd arcliittcture of the times of Elizabeth and
elaphus. See wapiti and Alces. —
3. In Asia,
corruption or putrefaction la opposite.
James I., when tbe worst forms of the Pointed and de-
among the Anglo-Indians, some large rusine or
Burton, Anat. of MeL, p. 20. rucervine deer or stag, as the sambur, Cervus
generate Italian styles were combined, producing a sin-
The fleshwhich was Included live weeks ago was this aristotelis. These, like the wapiti of America, are re-
day found very good. I do not doubt but uat perfect lated more or less nearly to the red deer or stag, and are
WkKition was able to contribute something to Ita prawr- quite unlike the true elk and the moose.
~" ae the nndrr principles of which fleah eoo-
Tation, 'because
ilitetb bad, whilst the neat continued, exerted their
4. Same as etond, 1 — Elk bark. See iortz.— Irish
elk, the Cervus or Meijaceroti hibemicus, a very large ex-
•trancth DDoa one anotiwr far better than U, tbe fleab b»
tinct elk, with enormous palmate antlers, the remains of
\sm >• boiled, br nuoo of tbe great avolation of parte, which occur in the peat-bogs of Ireland,
had bean lemored tron the Ore, aa biqipeoa in onUoaiy
coctlooa. elk* (elk), n. [E. dial., formerly also elke, tike;
BoyU, SeooDd Ooutln. of Ezperlmeata, Arl xiz., Exp. S. ME. not found; perhaps a corruption of AS.
elixir {«-lik's6r), n. [Formerly also elixar; < elfetu, ylfete (for *ylfetu), earlier (Kentish) aeU
MH. elixir =
D. elizer =
Sw. Dan. G. elixir, < bitu = OHG. alpiz, elbiz, MHG. elbez, a swan.]
OK. elixir, F. Hixir =
Pg. elexir =
It. elisire, <
The wild swan, or hooper, Cygntts ferus. Mon-
8p. elixir, elixir, < Ar. el iksir, the philosopher's tagu. [Local, Eng.]
stone: el, al, the; iksir, philosopher's stone, In water black as Styx, swims the wild swan, the itke.
by some derived from kasara, break, break the Of Hollfenders so termed. Ih-ayton, Polyolblon, xxv.
edge, destroy, but prob. (like some other Ar. elk^ (elk), n. [Origin uncertain; It. elee, dial.
terms of alchemy: see alchemy, alembie, lim- (Sardinian) elighe =
Pr. euze =
F. yetise, < L.
beck) of Gr. origin < Gr. f7p<if also ffp^, dry,
: , ilex (ilic-), the holm-oak: see Ilex.] kind A
perhaps akin to x^pad^, x'Ppoi, dry see Chersus, : of yew of which bows are made. Malliicell.
Chersonese.] 1. In a2cA«my, a soluble solid sub- [Prov. Eng.]
stance which was believed to have the property £lkesaite, n. See Elcesaite.
'

of tranHrauting baser metals into silver or gold elknut (elk'nut), n. The Pyrularia olei/era,
and of prolontniiK life. Tbe i/rtat elixir, also called a santalaceous shrub of the southern United
thf phUoAoj.lier « iIqiu. or the red tincture, when shaken
States. Also called oilnut.
la very small quantity into melted silver, lead, or other
base metal, was said to transmute it Into gold. In minute elk-tree (elk'tre), n. The sourwood or sorrel-
doeea It was sappoied to prolong life and restore youth, tree of the United States, Oxydendrum arbo-
•ad was then called tliet(6ir*<(<>. Tbe leetr elirir, lUme reum.
yihteeeond elan, or tMU
Hnetwv, was renrded as bar-
Sttsabethan Architecture.— Haigrave Hall, W"g<«~< elkwood (eUc'wfid), n. Theumbrella-tre^ Mag-
log tbeae qualltlea In leaser degree; thus It transmuted
baaer metals Into sOver. The word Is now often used nolia Umbrella, of the southern United States,
flfiiratively.
gular heterogeneousneas In detail, with, however, much a small tree with soft, light, close-grained
pictnresqueness In general effect. Its chief characteristics
A nay lat be ; the pbiloeopfares stoon,
! ! are windows large, either in the plane of the wall or deeply
:
wood.
Slixir clept,we secben faste echoon. embayed, long galleries, tall and highly decorated chim- elll (el), n. [< ME. elle, elne, < AS. eln, an ell
Chaucer, ProL to Canon's Veomao's Tale, L SU). neys, and a profuse use of ornamental strapwork in par- (18, 20^, 24, etc., inches), D. el, elle OHG. = =
 ! ; + — :

eU 1880 Ellopia
elina, ehta, MHG. eUne, elne, ellen, G. elle = Icel. Titirmv, leave. Cf. ellipsis.} In geom., a plane are the same as those of a given body. Momental el- —
alin = Sw. aln =
Dan. alen Goth, aleina (for= curve such that the sums of the distances of lipsoid, or Inverse ellipsoid of inertia, a surface of
which every radius vector is inversely proportional to the
*oWnaf), an ell, whence It. auna, F. aM««, an each point in its periphery from two fixed points, radius of gyration of the body about tliat radius vector
ell; orig. the forearm (as in AS. eln-boga, E. the foci, are equal. It is a conic section (see conic) as an axis. This is sometimes called Poinsot's ellipsoid,
elbow), =
L. ulna, the forearm, the elbow, an ell, formed by the intersection of a cone by a plane which cuts though invented by Cauchy.— Keoiprocal ellipsoid of
= Gr. (jXfv^, the forearm: see elbow, ulna.'} A obliquely the axis and the opposite sides of the cone. The
ellipse is a conic which does not extend to infinity, and
expansion, the surface of which each radius vector is in-
versely proportional to the square root of the linear ex-
long measuire, chiefly used for cloth. The English whose intersections with the line at infinity are imaginary. pansion in the same direction. Strain-ellipsOld, or el-—
ell,not yet obsolete, is a yard and a quarter, or 45 inches. Every ellipse has a center, lipsoid of expansion, tlie ellipsoid into which any strain
This unit seeius to have been imported from France un- which is a point sucli that it transforms any infinitesimal sphere in a body.
der the Tudors and a statute of 1409 recognizes no dif-
;
bisects every chord passing
ference between the ell (aune) and tlie yard (verge). The ellipsoidal (el-ip-soi'dal), a. Of the form of an
through it. Such chords are
Scotch ell was 37 Scotch inches, or 37.0958 English inches. ellipsoid.
called diameters of the el-
The so-called Flemish ell differed in different places, but lipse. A
pair of conjugate elliptic, elliptical (e-lip'tik, -ti-kal), a. [= F.
averaged 27.4 English inches. Other well-ascertained ells
were the following: ell of Austria, 30.676 English inches;
diameters bisect, each of elliptique =
op. eliptico Pg. elUptico =
It. el- =
of Bavaria, 82.702 inches ; of Bremen, 22.773 inches of ;
them, all chords parallel to
the other. The longest di-
littico, elittico (cf. D. G. elliptisch Dan. Sw. =
Cassel, 22.424 inches; of France, 47.245 inches; of Poland, elliptisk), < ML. elliptious, < Gr. eXkenzTiKog, in
ameter is called the trans-
22.650 inches of Prussia, 26.2.59 inches of Saxony, 22.267
; ;
verse axis, also the la- EUipse.
grammar, elliptical, defective, < i'A'Aet^ic ("eA-
inches; of Sweden, 23.378 inches. The ell of Holland tus transversum; it passes Aeott-), ellipsis, ellipse: see ellipse, eUipsis.} 1.
is now the meter. See cubit, pik, endazeh, kut braccio, F and J^' are the foci. FM
khaUb.
through the foci.
shortest diameter is called
The MF- = FAf- -f- MF M ,and AT
being any points in the curve.
Pertaining to an ellipse; having the form of an
He was, I must
you, but seven foot high,
tell the conjugate axis. The ex-
ellipse. lElliptical is the more common form
And, may be, an ell in the waste. tremities of the transverse axis are called the vertices. (See except in technical uses, and is frequent in
Robin Hood and Little John (Child's Ballads, V. 221). conic, eccentricity, angle.) An ellipse may also be regard- them.]
O, here's a wit of cheverel that stretches from an inch —
ed as a flattened circle that is, as a circle all the chords In horses, oxen, goats, sheep, the pupil of the eye is el-
narrow to an ell broad Shak., R. and J., ii. 4. of which parallel to a given chord have been shortened in _

liptical, the transverse axis being horizontal.

a fixed ratio by cutting off equal lengths from the two ex-
She [the world] boasts a kernel, and bestows a shell Paley, Nat. Theol., xiL
tremities. The two lines from the foci to any point of an
Performs an inch of her fair promis'd ell. ellipse make equal angles with the tangent at that point. 2. Pertaining to or marked by ellipsis; defec-
Quarles, Emblems, i. 7. To construct an ellipse, assume any line whatever, AB, to be tive ; having a part left out.
ell2, el2 (el), n. [< ME. *el, < AS. el,<lL. el, the what is called the latus rectum. At Its extremity erect the
perpendicular AD of any length, called the latus transver- In all matters they [early writers] affected curt phrases
name of the letter L, < e, the usual assistant sum (transverse axis). Connect BD, and complete the rect- and it has been observed that even the colloquial style was
vowel, + -I; a L. formation, the Gr. name be- angle DABK. From barbarously elliptical. I. D'lsraeli, Amen, of Lit., II. 352.
in^ /ia///3(!a.] 1. The name of the letter X, I. any point L, on the His [Thucydides's] mode of reasoning is singularly ellip-
It is rarely so written, the symbol being used line AD, erect the per- tical; in reality most consecutive, yet in appearance of-
instead. —
2. An addition to or wing of a house pendicular LZ, cutting
BK in Z and BD in H.
ten incoherent. Macaulay, Athenian Orators.
Production and productive are, of course, elliptical ex-
which gives it the shape of the capital letter L. Draw a line HG, com-
— 3. Apipe-connection changing the direction pleting
gleALHG.
the rectan-
There are
pressions, involving the idea of a something produced;
but this something, in common apprehension, I conceive
at right angles. to be, not utility, but wealth. J. S. Mill.
now two points, E and
ellachick (el'a-ehik), n. [NesquaUy Ind. el-la- E', on the line LZ, such 3. In eretom., elongate-ovate; more than twice
chick.} A
tortoise of the family Clemmyidm, that the square on LE as long as broad, parallel-sided in the middle,
Chelopus marmoratus. it is usually about 7 or 8 or LE' is equal to the
and rounded at both ends, but in general more
inches long, and is the most important economic tortoise rectangle ALHG. The
of the Pacific coast of the United States it lives in rivers locusofallsuchpointa, broadly so at the base: applied especially to
and ponds, and lays its eggs in June. It is always on sale
in the San Francisco market, and is highly esteemed for
;

different placeson the line

found by taking L at
AD, forms an ellipse. [The name
the abdomen,' as in many Hymenoptera. 4. —
ellipse in its Greek form was given to the curve, which had
In math., having a pair of characteristic ele-
food, although inferior to the sea-turtle.
been previously called the section of the acute-angled cone, ments imaginary: as, an elliptic involution.
ellagic (e-laj'ik), a. [< *enag, an arbitrary by Apollonius of Perga, called by the Greeks "the great Elliptical gearing. See gearing. Elliptic arc, a part —
transposition of P. galle, gall, + -ic.} Pertaining geometer." The participle i\Kciitu>v, "falling short," had of an ellipse.— ElUptlC ohuck. Same as oml chuck (which
to or derived from gallnuts
O9, an acid which
—
EUaglc acid, CiiHs
may be prepared from gallic acid, but
long been technically applied to a rectangle one of whose see, under (;At«*4).—Elllptic compasses, an instrument
for describing an ellipse by continued motion.— Elliptic
sides coincides with a part of a given line (see Euclid, VI.
is procured in largest quantities from the Oriental be- 27). conoid, an ellipsoid.— Elliptic coordinates. See co-
So irapa^oMtii' and iiirtp^ikKtiv (Euclid, VI. 28, 29)
zoars. Pure ellagic acid is a light, pale-yellow, tasteless were said of a rectangle whose side extends just as far andordinate.— Elliptic epicycloid. See epicycloid.— Ellip-
powder, shown by the microscope to consist of transparent overlaps respectively the extremity of a given line. Apol- tic fimctlon, a doubly periotiic function analogous to a
prisms. With the bases it forms salts. Also called be- lonius first defined the conic sections by plane construc- trigonometrical function, and the inverse of an elliptic
zoardic acid. tions, using the latus rectum and latua transversum (trans-integral.— Elliptic Integral, an integral expressing the
ell-bone (el'bon), n. [< elU (taken in its orig. verse axis), as above. The ellipse was so called by hi.n length of the arc of an ellipse. Elliptic involution, one —
sense, AS. eln = L. ulna) -I- bone^. Cf. elbow.} because, since the "point L lies between A and D, the rect-whieh'has no real double points. Elliptic motion, mor
'
—
angle ALHG "falls short" of the latus rectum AB. In tion on an ellipse so that equal areas are described about
The bone of the forearm ; the ulna. the case of the hyperbola L lies either to the left of A orone of the foci in equal times. Elliptic point on a sur- —
elleboret, n. An obsolete variant of hellebore. to the right of D, and the rectangle ALHG overlaps " the face, a synclastic point; a point having the indicatrix an el-
'
'

latus rectum. In the case of the parabola there is no la- lipse a point where the principal tangents are imaginary.
Chaucer. ;

tus transversum, but the line BK extends to infinity, and —Elliptic polarization, in optics. See piiarizalion.—
elleborin (el'e-bo-rin), n. [< L. elleborus, helle- the rectangle equal to the square of the ordinate has the Elliptic singularity, an ordinary or inessential singu-
borus, + -in: see hellebore.} A
resin of an ex- latus rectum for one side.] —
Cubical ellipse. See cm&i- larity of a function. See singularity. Elliptic space. —
tremely acrid taste, found in the Helleborus hie- cai.— Focal ellipse. See/ocai.—Inflnlte ellipse. Same (a) Tlie space inclosed by an ellipse, (b) See space. El- —
malis, or winter hellebore. as eZKp(ois.— Logarithmic ellipse, the section of an el- liptic spindle, a surface generated by the revolution of
liptic cylinder by a paraboloid. Booth, 1852. an elliptic arc about its chord.
elleck (el'ek), n. [E. dial. origin unknown. ;

ellipsis (e-lip'sis), «.; pi. ellipses (-sez). [= D. elliptically (e-lip'ti-kal-i), adv. 1. According
Cf. Elleck, Ellick, Ellek, etc., colloquial abbre-
viations of Alexander.] A local English name Sw. ellips =
G. Dan. ellipse =
P. ellipse Sp. to the form of an ellipse.
=
of the red gurnard, Trigla cuculus. elipsis =Pg. ellipse =
It. ellisse, elisse, < L. ellip- Reflection from the surfaces of metals, and of very high
refractive substances such as diamond, generally gives at
eller^ (el'fer), n. A dialectal form of elder^. sis, < Gr. iXkuiln^, omission, ellipsis: see ellipse.}
In gram. omission
all incidences elliptically polarised light.
a figure of syntax by
eller^ (el'^r), n. A dialectal form of alder^. 1 . ,

which a part of a sentence or phrase

;

used
Tait, Light, § 287.
EUerian (e-le'ri-an), n. A member of a sect for the whole, by the omission of one or more
is
2. In the manner of or by an ellipsis; with
of German MOlenarians of the eighteenth cen- something left out.
tury, founded by Elias EUer (died 1750). The words, leaving the full form to be understood
ellipticity (el-ip-tis'i-ti), n. [< elliptic + -ity.}
EUerians expected the Messiah to be born again of the or completed by the reader or hearer: as, "the
wife of their leader, whose professed revelations they ac- heroic virtues I admire," for "the heroic vir-
The quality of being elliptic; the degree of
cepted as of equal authority with the Bible. From lions- divergence of an ellipse from the circle spe- ;
tues which I admire"; "prythee, peace," for
dorf, the place of their settlement, they are also called
"/pray thee, hold thy peace." 2. In print- cifically, — in reference to the figure of the earth,
difference between the equatorial and polar
Ronadorfians.
ellem, a. A dialectal form of aldern. ing, a mark or marks, as —
,***,..., de- the semi-diameters divided by the equatorial as, :

ellest, adv. A Middle English form of else. noting the omission or suppression of letters
— the ellipticity of the earth is j^j. it may also
ellipochoanoid (el"i-po-kd'a-noid), a. and n.
(as in A; 17 f or to'^jr) or of words. 3t. In geom.,— without appreciable error be taken as twice the difference
[See ElUpochoanoida.} I. a. Having incom- an ellipse. divided by the sum of the two axes.
plete septal funnels specifically, of or pertain-
; When a right cone is cut quite through by an inclining In 1740 Maclaurin gave the equation connecting the
. . .

ing to the ElUpochoanoida. Also ellipochoanoi- plane, the figure produced by the section agrees well with dlipticitywith the proportion of the centrifugal force at
the received notion of an ellipsis, in which the diameters the equator to gravity. Encyc. Brit., VII. 600.
dal. are of an unequal length. Boyle, Works, IV. 464.
II. n. A member of the ElUpochoanoida. elliptograpb (e-lip'to-graf), n. Same as ellip-
ElUpocIloanoida (el"i-po-k6-a-noi'da), n. pi. ellipsograph. _(e-lip'so-^raf), n. [Prop, ellipto- sograpii.
[NL., < Gr. omitting, falling short (< ck- graph; < Gr. ilXei-^i^ {*£A?.aTrT-), ellipse (see el-
k'AXi-iTfjQ,
elliptoid (e-lip'toid), a. and n. [< ellipt-ic +
Aeiireiv, omit, fall short: see ellipse), -I- xoo-vri, a lipse), -i- ypaijieiv, write.] An instrument for de- -aid.}I, a. Somewhat like an ellipse.
funnel, -1- -ida.} A
group of nautiloid ceph- scribing ellipses; a trammel. Also elliptograph. II. n. Same
as elliptois.
alopods whose septal funnels are short, the ellipsoid (e-lip'soid), n. [< Gr. eTA'Aetipti;, ellipse, ellip'tois (e -lip 'to -is), n. [Irreg. < Gr. e?Aei-
siphon bein^ completed by means of a more or +
eldoc, form.] In geom., a solid figure all plane vTMo^, elliptic: see elliptic.} curve defined A
less porous intervening connective wall con- sections of which are ellipses or circles
: Axes by the equation ay^-^" bx" (a a;"), where = — m
trasted with Holochoanoida. A. Hyatt, Proo. of an ellipsoid. See axisi.— Central ellipsoid, an el- and n are both greater than 1. Also called in-
lipsoid having its center at the center of mass of a body,
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XXII. 260. finite eUipsc Cubic elliptois. See ctiMc.
its axes coincident with the principal axes and propor-
ellipochoanoidal (el'i-po-ko-a-noi'dal), a. tional to the radii of gyration about them.— Ellipsoid Of ellmotlieT (ermuTH'-'er), n. dialectal form of A
Same as ellipochoanoid. expansion. .See strain-ellipsoid, below. — Ellipsoid of eldmother. Brockett. [Prov. Eng.]
ellipse (e-lips'), ». [= D. Sw. ellips =
G. Dan. ^rjTation, an ellipsoid such that the perpendicular from elloopa (e-16'pa), n. Same as illupi. See Bassia.
ellipse = P. ellipse =
Sp. elipse Pg. ellipse = It:; center to any tangent plane is equal to the radius of
=
gyration of a given body about that axis. Ellipsoid of — EUopia (e-lo'pi-ii), n. [NL. (Treitschke, 1825),
It. ellisse, elisse, ellipse, < L. ellipsis, a want,
inertia. Same as ellipsoid of gyration. Ellipsoid Of — < Gr. cATmiI), iAo^', a fish see Elops.} In entom. : :

defect, an ellipse, < Gr. e'Aleifi^, a leaving out, revolution, the surface generated by the rotation of an
ellipse about one of its axes. When the rotation is about
(«) A
genus of geometrid moths, ha'ving a slen-
ellipsis in grammar, a falling short, the conic der body, short, slender, obliquely ascending
the major axis, tlie ellipsoid is prolate ; when about the
section ellipse (see def.), e^.'Xeineiv,< leave in, — palpi whose third joint is conical and minute,
minor, the ellipsoid is oblate. Equlmomental ellip-
leave behind, omit, intr. fall short, < h, in, -I- soid, an ellipsoid whose moments of inertia about all axes and entire delicate wings, of one color and not
 );:

Ellopia 1881 eloin

bent on the exterior border. There are upward Elmis (el'mis), n. [NL. (Latreille, 1802).] A elocutivet (el'o-kii-tiv), a. [< elocution + -we.J
of 12 species, European. Australian, and Amer- genus of clavicom beetles, of the famUy Par- Pertaining to elocution.
ican, (b) A genus of leaf-beetles (Chrysome- nida:, having only iive ventral Preaching in its elocutive part is but the conception of
Uda), having one species, E. pedestris, of Tas- segments and rounded ante- man, and differs as the gifts and abilities of men give it
mania, rior C0X8B. E. condimentariug is lustre or depression. Feltham, Kesolves, ii. 48.
ellwand, elwand (el'wond), n. [< eW^ + trand.] so named from being said to be used
for Havering food in Peru. The ge-
elod (el'od), n. [< el(ectric) + od.] Electric
1. An old mete-yard or measuring-rod, which in
nus is wide-spread, species occur- od; the supposed odic force of electricity.
England was 45 inches long, and in Scotland ring in Europe, Australia, and North Eeichenbach.
37 Scotch or 37.0958 English inches, the stan- and South America. There are 21 in elodian (e-lo'di-an), n. One of the marsh-tor-
dard being the Edinburgh ellwand. North America and about twice as toises, a group of ehelonians corresponding to
many in other countries.
A ItTely, bustling, arch fellow, whose pack and oaken Elmo's Are, St. the families Chelydidai and Emydidce.
eU-wand, studded duly with brass points, denoted him to Elmo's fire 61oge (a-16zh'), «. [P.: see elogy] pane- A
he of Autolycus's profession. Scott, Kenilworth, xix. (el'moz fir, sant el'moz fir).
gyric a funeral oration ; specifically, one of the
;
[After Saint Elmo, bishop of
2. [cap.] In Scotland, the asterism otherwise class of biographical eulogies pronounced upon
known as the Girdle or Belt of Orion. Also FormisB, a town of ancient all members of the French academies after
Italy, who died about 304, and ^'r'" e'"''"'; (Line
called Our Lady's Ellwand. ^""^ "'""'*' ^'•' their death, of which many volumes have been
ellykrdt, «. [ME. eln^erd, < elne, ell, + ?erd, whom sailors in the Mediter- published.
etc., yard.] A yard an ell long; a measuring- ranean invoke during a storm.] Same as cor-
posant.
I return you, sir, the two eloges, which I have perused
yard ;an ellwand. with pleasure. I borrow that word from your language,
elm-tree (elm'tre), «. See elm. because we have none in our own that exactly expresses
The bede of an elnjerd* the large lenktbe hade,
The grayn al of grene stele and of golde hewen. elm-wood (elm'wud), «. The wood of the elm- it. Bp. Atterbury, To M. Thiriot, Ep. Corr., I. 179.
Sir Gaunyne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), L 210. tree. elogia, n. Plural of elogium.
elm (elm), n. [< ME. elm, < AS. elm =
Icel.
elmy (el'mi), a. [< elm + -yi.] Abounding with elogist (el'o-jist), n.[= F. ^logiste = Sp. (obs.
dlmr =Sw. aim = Dan. celm (aim, elm, obs.) = elms.
thy farm extends If
It. elogista; as elogy + -ist.] One who pro-
D. olm =
0H6. elm(-b0um), afterward (simulat- Near Cotswold downs, or the delicious groves
nounces a panegyric, especially upon the dead
ing L. ulmus) MHG. ulm(-boum), G. ulme L. = Of Symmonds, honour'd through the sandy soil one who delivers an 61oge. [Bare.]
Of eUny Ross, [One] made the funeral sermon who had been one of her
ulmus, elm.] The common name for species of .

Begard this sort.

. .

i>y«''i Xbe Fleece, i. professed suitors and so she did not want a passionate
Vlmus (which see), mostly large trees, some ;

as well as an excellent preacher.

Thy summer woods eloffiM,
common in cultivation for shade and ornament, Are lovely, O my Mother Isle the birch !
Sir U. Wotton, Reliquise, p. 360.
for which the majestic height and the wide- Light bending on thy banks, thy elmy vales,
Thy venerable oaks elogium (e-lo'jl-um), n.; pi. elogia (-a). [L.
spreading and gracefully curv-ing branches of ! Southey,
see elogy.] Same as elogy.
the principal kinds admirably adapt them. The elnet, «. An obsolete form of ell^.
liard. heavy timber of most of the species is valuable for
But if Jesus of Nazareth had raised an army in defence
It must not be measured by the intemperate elne of it
many purposes. Of the European species, the common self e. Lord Brooke, Letter to an Honourable Lady (1633), i. of their liberty, and had destroyed the Romans, then . . .

English elm is U. campettrit, of which tlie cork-elm ((/.

they would willingly have given him that title, which was
set up only in derision as the Elogium of his Cross, Jesus
elocationt (e-16-ka'shon), n. [< ML. elocatio(n-),
of Nazareth, King of the Jews.
a hiring out, i L. elo'care, let out, hire out, < e, StUlingJUet, Sermons, I. viii.
out, + locare, place, let, hire out : see locate.
elogy (ero-ji), n. ; pi. elogies (-jiz). [= F. eloge
In the second sense taken in the lit. meaning
'put out of place.'] 1. The act of hiring out
=
Sp. Pg. It. elogio, < L. elogium, a short max-
or apprenticmg.
im or saying, an inscription on a tombstone,
a clause in a will, a judicial abstract, appar. a
There may be some particular cases incident, wherein dim. of logus, logos,
perhaps this [consent in marriage] may without sin or
a word, a saying (< Gr. a6-
blame be forborne as when the child, either by general yoc, a word: see logos), with prefix e-, after elo-
:

permission, or former elocation, shall be out of the parents' qui, speak out; cf. eloquium, eloquence, also
disposing. Bp. Hall, Cases of Conscience, iv. 1. a declaration.] A
funeral oration an 61oge. ;

2. Departure from the usual state or mood; [Rare, eulogy, a different word, being used in
displacement ; an ecstasy. its stead.]
In all poesy . there must be ... an elocation and
. .
In the centre, or midst of the pegme, there was an aback,
emotion of the mind. Fotherby, Atheomastix, p. 30. or 8(iuare, wherein this elogy was written.
B. Jonson, King James's Coronation Entertainment.
elocnlar (e-lok'u-lar), a. [< L. e, out, loeu- +
lus, a compartment, a Itttte place, dim. of locus, Elohim
(el'o-him), n.pl. [Heb. 'Elohim, pi. of
a place see loculus, locus.] In hot, not par- 'Eloah : Bee Allah.] One of the names of Qod,
:

titioned ; having no compartments or loculi. of frequent occurrence in the Hebrew text of

the Old Testament. Biblical critics are not agreed as
=
elocution (el-o-kii'shon), n. [= F. Elocution to the reason for the use of the plural form some regard
Floveffiac Branch and Folia|C« of EayUsh Elm (ir/mus cam/tstrit),
with ftower and fraitoa lai^er Kaic.
Sp. elocucioH =
Pg. elocu^So =
It. elocuzione, <
it as a covert suggestion of the IVinity others as a plural ;
:

L. elocutio(n-), a speaking out, utterance, esp. of excellence: others as an indication of an earlier poly-
mierosaX with thick plates of cork on the branches, is rhetorical utterance, elocution, < cloqui, pp. elo- theistic belief still others as an embodiment of the He- :

probably only a variety. The Scotch elm, or witch-elni, cutua, speak oat, utter, < e, out, loqui, speak.+ brew faith that the powers represented by the gods of the
V, maniana, is a smaller tr«e than the English elm. The heathen were all included in one Divine Person.
Cf. eloquence.'] 1. The manner of speaking in
American species are distinguished as the American elm, Elohism (el'6-hizm), n. l< Eloh(im) -ism.] +
white elm, or water-elm, U. Avteriettna ; the cedar-elm of public; the art of correct delivery in speakingor Worship of G(od as Elohim.
Texas, U. eratti/olia : the cork-, cIUI-, hickory-, swamp-, or reading; the art which teaches the proper use
It was the task of the great prophets to eliminate the
ruckelm, C nuemota ; the red elm, BUpper7-«lm,or mooie- of the voice, gesture, etc., in public speaking.
distinctive religion of Jahveh, and to bring Israel
. .
elm. r, jfulva, the inner bark of which is mncUaginons, .

Elocution, which anciently embraced style and the back to the primitive Elohism. of the patriarchs.
and Is used in medicine and the winged elm, or wahoo,
;
whole art of rhetoric, now signifles manner of delivery, Edinburgh Rev., CXLV. 602.
U. aiata, with corky-winged bimncbea. In Australia the
name is given to the AphanantlU PUHpptnemit, a ape- whether of our own thoughts or those of others. Elohist (el'o-hist), n. [< Eloh(im) -ist] + A
dee allied to the true elm. In the Weat Indies Cordta E. Porter.
title given to the supposed writer (a unity of
0*ruMeaiUJua and C, ffenueautkoide$, of the order Bora- 2t. Eloquence in style or delivery; effective
aimaeuB, leeelre the name, ai also the ruhiaceous Home- authorship being assumed) of the Elohistic pas-
expression.
tut vaUrieomt. The wood i* the toughest of European utterance or sages of the Pentateuch, in contradistinction to
woods and Is cxmsldered to bear the drirlng of bolts and As I have endeavoured to adorn It with noble thoughts, Jehovist.
nails better than any other. It is very durable under BO much more to express those thoughts with elocution.
water, and is frequently used for keels of ships, for boat- Dryden. The descriptions of the Elohist are regular, orderly,
building, and for many structures exposed to wet, or Graceful to the senate Godfrey rose, clear, simple, inartificial, calm, free from the rhetorical
wh.-n great itrength Is re(|uire<l. Beotose of its tough- And deep the stream of elocution flows. and poeticaL Davidson. .S^.

ness, it is used for naves of wheels, shells for tackle- Brooke, tr. of Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered, I. It no longer seems worth while to write puerile essays
blocks, and common turnery. Witch-elm Is much used to show that the Elohist was versed in all the conclusions
by coach-makers, and by shipbuilders for making Jolly- 3. Speech the power or act of speaking.
;
of modern geology. .IV. A. Rev., CXXVII. 334.
boats. Bock-elm Is much used in boat-building, and to Whose taste gave elocution to the mute.
some extent for bows.
. . .

Milton, P. U, 11.748. Elohistic (el-o-his'tik), a. [< Elohist -ic] +

The elm delights In a soand, sweet, and fertile land, Can yon deliver a aeries of questions without a quicken- A
term appliell to certain passages in the Pen-
something more inclin'd to moisture, and where good ing of your elocutiont A. Phelpe, English Style, p. 268. tateuch, in which God is always spoken of in
pasture is produced. feelyn, Sylva, iv. { 8. sSyn. 1. Elocution, Delivery. These words are quite the Hebrew text as Elohim, supposed by some
When the broad elm, sole empress of the plain. independent of their derivation. Elocution has narrowed to have been written at an earlier period than
Whose circling shadow speaks a century's reign. its meaning (see quotation from E. Porter, altove), and
those passages in which he is spoken of as Je-
Wreathes in the clouds her regal diadem — has broadened it to take in gesture. They are now essen-
hovah. The Elohistic paragraphs are simpler, more pas-
A forest waving on a single stem. tially the same, covering bodily carriage and gesture as
well as the use of the voice. Elocution sometimes seems toral, and more primitive in their character than the Je-
O. W. Flolmet, Poetry.
more manifestly a matter of art than delivery. See ora- hovlstic. Gen. i. 27 is Elohistic; Gen. ii. 21-24 is Jeho-
elmen (el'men), a. [< elm + -en.] Of or per- fort/. vistic.
taining to the elm, or consisting of elm. Aiso, elocntionary (el-o-ku'shon-a-ri), a. [< elocv^ The New Testament authors followed the Elohistic ac-
less properly, elmin. [Rare.] lion + -«ry.] Of or pertaining to elocution. count, and speak of him [Balaam] disparagingly.
Eticyc. Brit., III. 269.
Lranlng asalnst the elmin tree. elocutioner (el-o-kii'shon-6r), n. public A
With •Inxiping head and slackened knee, speaker or declaimer. [(?olloq.] eloign, eloignatet, etc. See eloin, etc.
Witb rlenched teeth, and close-clasped hands, [Also written eloine,
They (those) heedless young fellows, that think nothing eloin, eloign (e-lom'), v.
III OL'ony of soul he stands! Seolt, Kokeby, IL 27.
o' the fundamentals o' their faith, but are aye crying out eloigne; < OF.' eloigner, esloigner, F. iloigner =
elmest, elmesset, i*. Middle English forms of at>ont the etocutionere and jwetrymongers they've heard in Pr. csloignar, cslueingnar, < LL. elongare, re-
llllllH. Glesca. W. Black, In Far Lochaber. move, keep aloof, prolong, etc. see clong.] I. :

+
Elmidae (el'rai-de), n. pi. [NL., < Elmix -ida.] elocutionist (el-o-kii'shgn-ist), n. [< elocution trans. To separate and remove to a distance.
.\ family of clavicom Coleoptera, taking name + -i.ft.] A
person versed in the art of elocu- From worldly cares himselfe he did eslojrne.
from the genus Elmis : now called Pamida tion one who teaches or writes upon elocu-
; Spenser, F. Q., I. iv. 20.
(which see). tion, or who gives public elocutionary readings Eloiqne, sequester, and divorce her, from your bed and
elmin, a. See ttmen. or exercises. your ttoard. Chapman, All Fools, It. 1.
 ;

eloin 1882 else

ni tell thee now
(dear love) what thou shalt do ligaments. (6) The extension of a part beyond pulpit eloquence; a speaker, speech, or -writing
To aiiger (iestiny, as she doth us ;
its natural dimensions. of great eloquence; the eloquence of tears or of
How I shall stay, though she elmtme rae thus.
Donne, Valediction to his Book. elongati'Ve (e-16ng'ga-tiv), a. [< elongate + silent grief.
-ive^ Tending to, productive of, or exhibiting Ther is non that is here,
If the person be conveyed out of the sheriff's jurisdic*
elongation; extended. [Rave.] Of eloquence that glial be thy pere.
tiou, the sheriff may return that he is eloigned. Chaucer, Prol. to Franlilin's Tale, 1. 6.
Blackstone, Com., 111. viii. This elongative effort. Congregationalist, Oct. 22, 1886.
True eloquence [in source or origin] I find to be none but
II.t intrans. To abscond,
elope (e-16p'), V. i.; pret. and pp. eloped, ppr. the serious and hearty love of truth.
eloinatet, eloignatet (e-loi'nat), v. t. [< eloin, eloping. [Formerly also ellope; < D. ontloopen Milton, Apology for Smectymnuus.
eloign, + -ute'-^, atterelongate, q.v.'] Toremove; (= G. entlaufen =
Dan. undlobe), run away, < By eloquence we understand the overflow of powerful
feelingsupon occasions fitted to excite them.
eloiu. ont- (z=Gr. en t- =
AS. and- : see and-), away, + De Quincey, Rhetoric.
>'or is some vulgar Greek so far adulterated, and eloiffn-
ated from the true Greeic, as Italian is from the Latin.'
loopen, run (> E. lope, q. v.), AS. hledpan, E. = What called eloquence in the
is forum is commonly
Iloivell, Foreign Travel, p. 149. leap, q. v.] To run away; escape; break loose found to be rhetoric in the study.
from legal or natural ties ; specifically, to run Thoreau, Walden, p. 111.
elommentt, eloignmentt (e-loin'ment), n. [<
away with a lover or paramour in defiance of [Hugh] Peters would seem to have been one of those men
eloin, eloign, + -ment, after F. iloignement.'] Re-
duty or social restraints. gifted with what is sometimes called eloquence; that is,
moval to a distance ; hence, distance ; remote- the faculty of stating things powerfully from momentary
ness. But now, when Philtra saw my lands decay feeling, and not from that conviction of the higher rea-
And former livelod fayle, she left me quight, son which alone can give force and permanence to words.
He discovers an tloignment from vulgar phrases much And to my brother did ellope streight way. Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 248.
becoming a person of quality. Shenstone. Spenser, ¥. Q., V. iv. 9.
2. That which is expressed in an eloquent
elomet, »• Orpiment. It is necessary to treat women as members of the body
manner: as, a flow of eloquence.
elongl (e-16ng'), V. t. [< LL. elongate, remove, politick, since great numbers of them have eloped from
Then commend her
keep aloof, prolong, protract, < e, out, + lon- their allegiance. Addison, Freeholder.
And
I'll
say she uttereth piercing eloquence.
volubility.

gus, long: see toii/i. Ct. eloin.'] 1. To elon- Love and elope, as modern ladies do.
Shak., T. of the 8., ii. 1.
Cawthom, Nobility.
gate; lengthen out. =Syn. 1. Elocution, Rhetoric, etc. See oratory.
Southey writes to his daughter Edith in 1824, "All the
Ne puUe it not, but goodly plaine elonge, maids eloped because I had turned a man out of the kitch- eloquent (el'o-kwent), a. [= F. Eloquent Pr. =
Ne pitche it not to sore into the vale,
Kor breke douu aboute a dale.
not all
en at eleven o'clock on the preceding night." eloquen Sp. elocuente =
Pg. It. eloquente, < =
it Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 265. L. eloquen(t-)s, speaking, having the faculty of
Palladium, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 4.
2. To put far off retard.
elopement (e-16p'ment), n. [< elope + -ment.] speech, eloquent, ppr. of eloqui, speak out, <
;
A running away; an escape; private or unli- e, out, +
loqui, speak.] 1. Having the power
By sea, and hills elonged from thy sight, censed departure from the place or station to of expressing strong emotions in vivid and ap-
Thy wonted grace reducing to my mind,
Instead of sleep thus I occupy the night. which one is bound by duty or law specifical- : propriate speech; able to utter moving thoughts
Wyatt, The Lover Prayeth Venus. ly applied to the running away of a woman, or words: as, an eloquent orator or preacher;
Upon the roof the bird of sorrow sat, married or unmarried, with a lover. an eloquent tongue.
BUniging ioyf ul day with her sad note. The negligent husband, trusting to the efficacy of his And for to loken ouermore,
Q. Fletcher, Christ's Triumph, ii. 24.
principle, was undone by his wife's elopement from him. Next of science the seconde
Is Rhetoric, whose faconde
elongate (e-16ng'gat), v. ;
pret. and pp. elon- Arbuthnot.
Aboue all other is eloquent.
gated, p^v.' elongating. [< LL. elongatus, pp. of Her imprudent elopement from her father. Graves.
Gower, Conf. Amant., vll.
elongate: see eiong.] I. trans. 1. To make long But in case of elopement the law allows her no ali- . . .
Lucullus was very eloquent, well spoken, and excellent-
or longer; lengthen; extend, stretch, or draw mony. Blackstone, Com., II. xv.
ly well learned in the Greek and Latin tongues.
out in length : as, to elongate a rope by splicing. eloper (f-lo'pfer), n. One who elopes. North, tr. of Plutarch, p. 421.
'Nothing less, believe me, shall ever urge my consent to She was the most eloquent of her age, and cunning in
Here the spire turns round a very elongated axis.
wound the chaste propriety of your character, by making all languages. B. Jonson, Masque of Queens.
W. B. Carpenter, Micros., § 465.
you an eloper with a duellist. Miss Bvmey, Cecilia, ii. Till the sad breaking of that Parliament
2t. To remove further off.
Broke him, as that dishonest victory
The first star of Aries in the time of Meton the Athenian Elopes (el'o-pez), n. pi. [NL., pi. of Mops.] A At Chffironea, fatal to liberty,
was placed in the intersection, which is now elongated and group of malacopterygian fishes: same as the Kill'd with report that old man eloquent.
removed eastward twenty-eight degrees. family Elopidoe. Milton, Sonnets, v.
Sir T. Broume, Vulg. Err., iv. 13. [NL. (Hiibner,
Elopmlset n. pi.
(e-lof'i-le), 2. Expressing strong emotions with fluency
H. intrans. To recede move to a greater ; 1816), prop. Helophila, < Gr. eAof, pains, a marsh,
and power; movingly uttered or expressed;
distance ; particularly, to recede apparently -t- 0iAo?, icving.] group of pyralid moths. A
stirring; persuasive: as, an eloquent address;
from the sun, as a planet in its orbit. [Rare.] elopian (e-16'pi-an), n. fish of the family A
eloquent history; an eloquent appeal to a jury.
elongate (e-16ng'gat), a. [< LL. elongatus, pp.: Elopida. Sir J. Bichardson. Doubtlesse that indeed according to art is most eloquent
see the verb.] Lengthened; extended or pro- Elopidae (e-lop'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Elops + which returnes and approaches neerest to nature from
duced; attenuated; specifically, in eool. and -idee.] A
family of clupeiform isospondylous whence it came. Milton, Apology for Smectynmuus.
hot., disproportionately or comparatively long fishes, resembling herrings, but much larger. Burke, though he had long and deeply disliked Chat-
or extended: as, a worm has an elongate body; They have a completed lateral line and a flat membrane- ham, combined with Fox in paying an eloquent tribute to
his memory. Lecky, Eng. in 18th Cent., xiv.
a proboscis is an elongate snout; elongate an- bone between the branches of the lower jaw. Tliey have
cycloid scales, naked head, and terminal moutli, l)ounded
tennae are about as long as the body of an in- on the sides by the supramaxillaries, which are conii>osed 3. Manifesting or exciting emotion, feeling, or
sect; elongate elytra extend beyond the abdo- of three elements. The species are very few, though wide- interest through any of the senses movingly ;

men an elongate flower-stem. ly distributed in tropical and subtropical seas, sometimes expressive or affecting: as, eloquent looks or
;

elongation (e-16ng-ga'shon), n. [< ME. elonga- entering fresh water. They belong to the genera Flops gestures a hush of eloquent silence. ;

and Megalops. See cut under Elops.

cioun, < OF. elongation, F. Elongation Pg. elon- =
Elopina (el-o-pl'na), n. pi. [NL., < Elops
Give it breath with your mouth, and it will discourse
most eloquent music. +
Shak., Hamlet, iii. 2 (Glol)e ed.).
gagao = It. elongazione, < ML. elongatio{n-), <
-ina.] In Giinther's classification of fishes, the 4. Giving strong expression or manifestation
LL. elongare, lengthen, elongate: see elong, sixth group of his Clupeidw, with the upper jaw
elongate.] 1. The act of elongating or length- vividly characteristic.
shorter than the lower, the abdomen roimded, His whole attitude eloquent of discouragement.
ening ; the state of being elongated or length- and an osseous gular plate : same as the family
Arch. Forbes, Souvenirs of some Continents, p. 131.
ened. Elopidw.
This whole universality of things, which we call the eloquently (el'o-kwent-li), adv. With elo-
world, is indeed nothing else but a production, and elon- elopine
(el'o-pin), a. and n. I. a. Pertaining
to or having the characters of the Elopina.
quence an eloquent manner ; in a manner ; m
gation, and dilatation of the natural goodness of Almighty to please, affect, or persuade.
God. Fotherby, Atheomastix, p. 297. II. «. fish of the group Elopina. A Some who (their hearers swaying where they would)
To this motion of elongation of the fibres is owing the elopitinnmt, n. An old name for vitriol. Could force affections, comfort and deject,
union or conglutination of the parts of the body, when Elops (el'ops), n. [NL., < L. eloi>s, < Gr. tAoi/;, With learned lectures eloquently told.
they are separated by a wound. Arbuthnot, Aliments.
prop. IXTixy^, a sea-fish, also a serpent so called. Stirling, Domes-day, The Tenth Houre.
2. Extension; continuation. eloquioust, a. [< L. eloquium, eloquence, < elo-
His skin (excepting only his face and the palms of his qui, speak out: see eloquent.] Eloquent.
hands) was entirely grown over with an horny excrescence Eloquious hoarie beard, father Nestor, you were one of
called by the naturalists the elongation of the papillee. them And you, M. Ulisses, the prudent dwarfe of Pallas, ;
Cambridge, The Scribleriad, note. another; of whom it is Illiadized that your very nosedropt
May not the mountains of Westmoreland and Cumber- sugarcandie. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., VI. 162).
land be considered as elongations of these two chains ?
Pinkerton. elrich (el'rich), a. Same as eldrich.
else (els)j adv. [< ME. elles, ellis, often elle, <
3t. Distance ; space which separates one thing
from another. Glanville. 4t. A' removing to — Big-eyed Herring [Elofs saurus\ AS. elles, in another manner, otherwise, be-
sides, OFries. elles, ellis OHG. alles, elles, = =
a distance removal ; recession. = =
prop, adj., mute.] The typical genus of the MHG. alles
;
OSw. aljes, Sw. eljest Dan. el-
Our voluntary elongation of ourselves from God's pres-
ence must needs be a fearful introduction to an everlast-
family Elopidce. E, saurus, known as the ten-pounder lers, otherwise an adverbial gen. of *ali-, ele- ;

ing distance from him. Bp. Hall, Remains, p. 89. and big-eyed herring, is a widely diffused species in both (in oomp. ele-land, another land, elelende, of
Concerning the nature or proper effects of this spot or
the Atlantic and the Pacific. another land, etc.) Goth, alts (gen. aljis) L. = =
elOQUence (el'o-kwens), n. [< ME. eloquence, alius Gr. dX/lof, other. Cf. L. alias, prob. an =
stain [upon the soul], they have not been agreed some
call it an obligation or a guilt of punishment. Some < OF. eloquence, F.'^loquence
:

Pr. eloquencia, =
old gen., at another time, otherwise: see alias,
=
. .

= =
.

fancy it to be an elongation from God, by dissimilitude of eloquensa Sp. elocuencia Pg. eloquencia &ndct.alien,allo-,ete.] If. In another or a dif-
conditions. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 183B), I. 723. It. eloquenzia (obs.), eloquenza, < L. eloquentia,
ferent manner; in some other way to a differ- ;

5. In astron. (a) The angular distance of a

: < eloquen(t-)s, eloquent: see eloquent.] 1. The ent purpose ; otherwise.
planet from the sun, as it appears to the eye of quality of being eloquent; moving utterance
Yom perfect self is else devoted. Shak., T. G. ot V., Iv. i.
a spectator on the earth; apparent departure or expression the faculty, art, or act of utter- ;
different case ; if the fact
of a planet from the sun in its orbit as, the ing or employing thoughts and words springing 2. In another or a
:

elongation of Venus or Mercury. (6) The an- from or expressing strong emotion in a manner were different; otherwise.
gular distance of a satellite from its primary. to excite corresponding emotion in others by Take yee hede, lest ye don your rigtwisnesse before men,
;

— 6. In surg.: (o) A that yee be sen of hem, ellis [authorized version, otherwise]
partial dislocation, occa- extension, the power or quality of exciting ye shule nat hau mede at youre fadir.
sioned by the stretohing or lengthening of the emotion, sympathy, or interest in any way as. Wyclif, Mat. vi. 1 (Oxf.).
:
 ; : ; ;: ! ;

else 1883 elutriation

Thondesirest . not sacrifice eUe would I give It.
elsln, See elsen.
'!. Z. To remain unseen, undiscovered, or unex-
Ps. li. 16. plained by bafSe the inquiry or scrutiny of as,
Eisner's green. See green. ; :

Thou didst prevent me ; I had peopled else eltchi, n. See elcki. secrets that elude the keenest search.
Shak., Tempest,
Thia isle with Calibans. i. 2.
eltht, «. An obsolete variant of eld. On this subject Provideuce has thouRht fit to elude our
Shift for yourselves ; ye are lost el»e.
elucidate (f-lu'si-dat), v. t.: pret. and pp. elu- curiosity. QoldstnUh, Vicar, xxix.
Fletcher, Valentinian, v. 2.
cidated, ppr. elucidating. [< LL. elucidatus, pp. One element must forever elude its researches ; and that
Cloagh must have been a rare and lovable spirit, else he
of elucidare (> Sp. Pg. elucidar F. ilucider), = is the very element by which poetry is poetry.
could never have so wrapped himself within the affections + Macaulay, Dryden.
of true men. Stedman, Vict. Poets, p. 244. make light or clear, < L. e, out, lucidus, light,
His mind was quick, versatile, and imaginative few as-
sovereign and serene capacity to fathom the else un-
clear : see Ixicid.} To make clear or manifest
pects of a subject eluded it. Edinburgh Rev.
;

A
fathomable depths of spiritual nature, to solve its else in- throw light upon; explain; render intelligible
The secret and the mystery
soluble riddles, to reconcile its else irreconcilable discrep- illustrate as, an experiment may elucidate a
:
Swinburne, Shakespeare, p. 76.
Have batfled and eluded me.
ancies. theory. Longfellow, Golden Legend, i., ProL
3. Besides; other than the person, thing, place, at once adorn and elucidate the rea- The illustrations
=Syn. To shun, flee, shirk, dodge, baffle, foil, frustrate.
etc., mentioned: after an interrogative or in- soning. Macaulay, Dryden.
eluoible (e-lu'di-bl), a. [< elude -»6fe.] Ca- +
definite pronoun, pronominal adjective, or ad- Though several of them proffered a vast deal of infor- pable of being eluded or escaped.
what, where, anybody, anything, mation, little or none of it had much to do with the mat-
verb {who, etc., If this blessed part of our law be etudible at pleasure,
ter to be elucidated. J. Hawthorne, Dust, p. 239,
somebody, something, nobody, nothing, all, little, ... we shall have little reason to boast of our advantage
etc.), as a quasi-adjective, equivalent to other:
= 83^. Expound, etc. (see explain^; to unfold, clear up. in this particular over other states or kingdoms in Europe.
" '" -----
who else is coming f vhat else shall I give elucidation (e-lu-si-da'shon), n. \='F [= F. elueida- Sujift, Drapier's Letters, vii.
- < .
I,

)UT do you expect anything elsef

you tion bp. elucidaewn -
Pg. elucidacSo. -), <LL. = =
Elul (e'lul), n. [Heb., < dial, gather, reap, har-
v„,.;^. ellet
:„,. y „. wilnede,
. ne wiinede loverd, Sothin^ d«e
hot« the 1[Nothing
inverd bote rf« »? *elucidatio(n-\ < eliMdare, make light 1 ^
or vest ; cf . Aram, alal, com.] The twelfth month
nothing
I wished. Lord, but Thee].
clear: see elucidate.l 1. The act of elucidat- of the Jewish civil year, and the sixth of the
St. edm. Coiif. (Early Eng. Poems, ed. Fumivall), 1. 566. ing or of throwing l^;ht upon any obscure sub- ecclesiastical, beginning with the new moon of
If you go read something else.
like not ray writing, ject. August.
Burton, Anat. of Mel., To the Reader, p. 22. We order to the elucidation of this matter, sub-
shall, in elumbatedt (e-lum'ba-ted), a. [< L. elumbis,
join the following experiment. Boyle.
There is a mode in giving Entertainment, and doing any liip-shot, having the hip dislocated (< e, out, -f-
courtesy else, which trebly hinds the Keceiver to an Ac-
tlowell. Letters, iL 25.
The eluadation of the organic idea ... is the business lumbus, loin : see lumbar, loin), + -ate^ +
-ed^.]
knowledgment, and talk of philosophy. Jour. Spec. Phil., XIX. 39.
Weakened in the loins. Bailey.
All else of earth may perish : love alone
2. That which explains or throws light; ex- eluscationt (e-lus-ka'shon), n. [< LL. as if
Not Heaven shall find outgrown
planation ; illustration : as, one example may "eluscatiol.n-), < eluscare, make one-eyed, < L. e,
!

O. W. llotims. Poems (187S), p. 232.

serve for an elucidation of the subject. out, -I- luscus, one-eyed.] Blear-eye or pur-
(The phrases anybody else, somebody else, nobody else, etc.,
have a unitary meaning, as if one word, and properly take I might refer the reader to »ee it highly verifle 1 in David blindness. Bailey, 1727.
a poasessive case (with the anfflx at the end of the phrase) Blondel's familiar elucidatioru of the euchsristieal contro- elusion (f-lfl'zhon), n. [< ML. elusio(n-),i L. elu-
as, this is smnehody else's bat; nobody else's children act versie. Jer. Taylor, Real Presence, § 12. dere, pp.' elusus, elude: see elude.] Escape by
•o.) —Ood forbla else), Ood forbid that it should be I shall . allot to each of them [sports and pastimes]
. .
artifice or deceit ; evasion ; deception ; fraud.
otherwise. a separate elueidation. StrutI, Sports and Pastimes, p. 66.
she shall have ; and my favour Any sophister shall think his elusion enough to contest
Ay, and the
To him tliat
l>est
does Ijest Ood forbid else.
:
elucidative (f-lu'si-da-tiv), a. [< elucidate + against the authority of a council.
Shak., Hen. VIII., ii. 2. -ire.] Making or tending to make clear ; ex- Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836), IL 348.

-sin), n. [E. dial., 8c. also planatory. An appendix relating to the transmutation of metals
elsen, elsin (el'sen, detects the impostures and elusioTis of those who have pre-
eiioH. (hhin, el»yn,< OD. elsene, aelsene, mod.D. .^uch a set of documents may hope to be elucidative in
tended to it.
Cartyle, Oomwell, I. 10.
various respects.
els, < (perhaps through OHG. alansa, ahoMa,, ,x_ ,. i •
IToodM'arii, Essay towards a Nat. Hist, of the Karth.
'alasna (> UE. alesna, > It. lesina =
8p. letna, elucidator (e-lu'si-da-tor), n. One who eluoi elusive (e-lu'siv), a. [< L. elunus, pp. of elu-
alesna =
Pr. alena =
OF. alesne, F. aUne), an dates or explains ; an expositor, dere, elucfe, -«'«.] Eluding, or having a ten- +
awl) OHG. ala, MHG. ale, O. ahle, etc., AS. =
Obscurity is brought over them by the course of igno- dency to elude hard to grasp or confine ; slip- ;

al, eal, eel, awul, E. avl : see a«c<.] An awl. rance and age, and yet more by their pedantical elucida-
Abbot. pery.
tors.
Nor hinds wi' elson and hemp llngle. Hurl'd on the crags, behold they giap, they bleed
Sit soleing shoon out o'er the inale. elucidatory (e-ln'si-da-to-ri), a. [< elucidate + And, groaning, cling upon th' elusive weed.
Aonusy, Poems, II. 2U3. -ury.] Tending to elucidate. [Rare.] Falconer, Shipwreck, liL
elsewards (els'wSrdz), adr. [< else -wards.'] One word alone +
issued from his lips, elucidatory of what Piety is too subtile and elttsive to be drawn into and con-
Alcott, Table-Talk, p. 102.
To another place in another clireetion. [Rare.] was passing in his mind. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, 1. 95. fined in definitions.
;'

But these earthly sufferers (the punctual) know that elUCtatet (e-luk'tat), V. i. [< L. eluctatus, pp. The moon was full, and snowed down the mellowest light
which in their soft, elusive outlines,
they are making their way heavenwards, and their oppres-
.... out, < e, out,
^f eluetari, struggle luctari, on the gray
—
domes, +
and strange effect of far-withdrawal, rhymed like (aiut-
soni (the unpunctuall their way e/»ei«ir(f«.
struggle. CLlttclation, reluct.] To burst forth heard refrains to the bright and vivid arches of the facade.
TroUope, Autobiography (1883X p. 293.
escape with a struggle. Uowells, Venetian Life, xviii.
elaewliatt (els'hwot), n. [< iiE.'eUestiihat, eOes-
They did eluetaU out of their injuries with credit to elusively (e-lu'siv-li), adi'. With or by elusion,
hiciit, < AS. eUes htctet, something else: eOes,
See ebe and what,
themselves. Bp. Haekel, Abp. Williams, 1. 36.
elusiveneSS (e-lii'siv-nes), n. The quality of
else; hwtet, indef., what.
(e-luk-ta'shon), n. l< JAj. elucta- being elusive; tendency to elude.
and cf. somewhat.'] Something or anything eluctatlont
lio(n-), < L. eiwturi, struggle out: aeeetuctate.] Moreover, we had Miss Peggy, with her banjo and her
else ; other things. with briKht eyes, and her malice and her mocking wlll-o-the-
The act of bursting forth, or of escaping r
When talking of the dainty fleib and etsnekat they eate. a struiCKle. u e>
= ^ .^^^ elurivenest ol mood.
<
W. Black, Houseboat, x.
Warner, Albioo'i EngUnd, 1W2.
Ye do ... sue to Ood .. for our happy eluctatimi elUSOriueSS (e-lu'so-ri-nes), n. The state or
elaewhent (eU'hwen), adv. [< UE. eUeiwhen ; < .lut of those miseries. Bp. Hail, Invisible World, ii. 8 7. quality of being elusory.
.

rise +when.] At another time.

(e-lu'ku-brat), v. i. [Cf. It. elucu- elusory (e-lu'so-ri), a. [< ML. elustrrius, de-
We shulde make a dockett of the name* of mch men of elucubratebrato, adj.; < L. eiu<~>thrare, iep.elucubrari (> ceptive, < L. etusus, pp. of e/udere, elude ^ see
nobylytie here, as we thought mete and oonveoyent to
elusive character; slipping from
serve his lUgbnea, In caae bi* graces wHI were, this pieas- F. ilucubrer), compose by lamplight, < e, out, elude.] Of an
fallacious deceitful.
ent yeare, or elUs-when, to use ther servyce in any other + lueubrare, work by lamplight: see lucubrate.] the grasp ; misleading
; ;

(on yn rountrey. State Papers, III. 662. Without this the work of God had perished, and reli-
Same as lucubrate.
gion itself had been elusory.
elsewhere (els'hwSr), adv. [< ME. eUethwer, Just as, when grooms tie up and dress a steed. Jer. Taylor, Rule of (^nscience. III. vi. § 1.
elleshwar, < AS. eUes hwoer, elles hwar: ettes, else; Boys lounge and look on, and elucubrate
Aif*r, indef., where.] In another place or in What the round brush is used for, what the square. elute (e-liit'), V. t. pret. and pp. eluted, ppr. ;

other places; gomewnere or anywhere else : as,

Browning, Ring and Book, II. 240. eluting'. [< L. elutus, pp. of eluere, wash off, <
these trees are not to be found elsewhere. elucubrationt (e-lu-ku-bra'shon), n. [= F. dlu- e, out, off, fecre,wa8h: see lute^, lotion. Cf. +
Seek you in Rome for honour I will labonr riibration
:
Pg.'elucubra^So It. elucubrazione; dilute.] = =
To wash off; cleanse. [Bare.]
To And content ^twksre. < elucubrate -«o»i.] Same as lucubration. +
The more oily any spirit is the more pernicious, because
FUUhar (ami another T), Frophetew, It. 6.
I
blood.
remember that Mons. Huygens, who used to prescribe it is harder to be eluted by the Arbuthnol, Aliments, v.
That he himsell was the Author of that Rebellion,. he to me the benefit of his little wax taper for night elucu-
denies bolb heer and eiswhere, with many imprecations, brationt preferable to all other caudle or lamp light what- elution (e-lu'shon), n. [< LL. elutio(n-), a
but no soliil evidence.
'

MMon, Eikouoklastes, xii. Kever. Evelyn, To Dr. Beale, Aug., 168S. washing out A
washing, '< L. eluere, wash off. ]
waive lost so nioch oare ol oraelrea as we
We mav -i^^g » «.;
Tkmtau, Walden, p. 13. elude (e-lud'), V. '•
'"f»*V? vY-'l" /;, .. 2; i"
pret. ana
and rt eiuaea,
_ _ pp.
eluded, ppr.
i-r any process by which bodies are separated by
buneatlj bestow eUevhere.
eluding'. =
[= P. flutter Sp. Pg. eludir It.
_. .'
elu- =
the action ota solvent ; specifically, a process of
The Persian sword, formidable eUewhere, was not adapt-
ed to do grmd service against the bronze armor and the dere, i L. eludere, finish play, win at play, elude recovering sugar from molasses, which consists
spear of the Hellenes. or parry a blow, frustrate, deceive, mock, < e, in precipitating the sugar as sucrate of lime,
yon Ranke, Univ. HUt. (trans.), p. 187. out, -t- Itidere, play: see ludicrous. Cf. allude, insoluble in cold water, and washing it free
elsewhither (els'hwiTH'^r), adv. [Early mod. collude, delude, illude.] 1. To avoid by artifice, from soluble impurities. The sucrate is decomposed
E. also elswhither ; < ME. 'elleswhider, elles- stratagem, deceit, or dexterity escape evade ; by carljonic acid, which precipitates the lime as carbonate.
;

as, to elude pursuit; to elude a blow or stroke.

mi\ the pure sugar-solution is then evaporated to crystal-
whoder, < AS. elles hwider, ellet hwyder: eUes, lization.
In another di- humane law may ... be evaded by
elutriate (e-m'tri-at), v. t. ; pret. and pp. elu-
elsej hwider, hwyder, wbitber.] The stroke of also
[Bare.] power, or eluded by slight, by gift, by favour.
rection.
Barroic, Works, II. xxxiit. <n'a<ed,"ppr. elutriating. [< L. ehitriatus, pp.
To Vrlond heo Howe ageyn, A <Us« wydn- heo mygte. of elutriare, wash out, decant, rack off, < elu-
Tho' stuck with Argus' Eyes your Keeper were,
Rob. of OtoueeHer, p. 103.
Advis'd by me, you shall elude his (^are. ere, wash out: see elute.] To purify by wash-
Carlyle, in Frouile,
ing and straining or decanting; purify in gen-
f>ur course lies elsewhither. I. SO.
Congreve, tr. of Ovid's Art ol Love.
dsewiaet [Earlv mod. E. also
(els'wiz), ade. Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain. eral.
elswise; < else + -wise, after otherwise.] In a Then, hid in shades, eludes her eager swain. EltUriating the blood as it passes through the lungs.
Pope, Spring, L 54. Arbuthnot, Air.
different manner; otherwise.
And so is this matter, which would rUins' haue caused By making concessions apparently candid and ample, elutriation (e-lu-tri-a'shon), H. [= F. Mutria-
they elude the great accusation.
much spyte and hatred, opened in our names.
Macaulay, Hallam's C^onst. Hist. tion = Pg. elutriagUo, < L. as if "elutriatioin-), <
J. UiaU, On 1 Oor. iU.
 ; :
; ;

elutriation 1884 emacerate

eZufriarf,wash ont: see elutriate.'] The opera- Elysian Fields fcf. r. CImmps-eiysies = Sp. Campos elytrotomy (el-i-trot'o-mi), n. [< Gr. cAvrpov,
EltseoK = Pg. Campos El iseos or s\tn\Ay Eliseos — It. Campi
tion of cleansing by washing and decanting.
Elisi, < L. Campi Eli/.iii or simply Elysii, tr. of Gr. 'Hkvuta
a sheath (vagina), -t- rofii/, a cutting.] A cut-
6lnxate (f-luk'sat), v. t. pret. and pp. eluxated,
; see Klyniutn], Elysium.
ireSi'a :
ting into the vaginal walls.
ppr. eluxating. [< L. e, out, +
luxatus, pp. of gastropod of the fam-
elysiid (o-lis'i-id), ». A elytrum, elytron (el'i-trum, -tron), n.; pi.
(itrarp, dislocate: see luxate.] To dislocate, as ily Elyxiidm. elytra (-trii). [NL., < Gr. e'Avrpov, a cover, cov-
a bone ; luxate. Bnag. [Rare.] Elysiidae (el-i-sl'i-de), «. pi. [NL., < Elysia ering, as a case, sheath, shard of a beetle's
eluxation (e-luk-sa'shon), n. [< eluxate -idie.] + +
family of marine saccoglossate A wing, shell, husk, capsule, etc. (cf. c/.v/iog, a.
-inn.] The dislocation of a bone; luxation. pellibranchiate gastropods, with auriform ten- case, cover), < iAveiv, roll round, wrap up, cover.]
Dtimjiison. [Rare.] tacles, without gills, and resembling slugs, but 1. In entom., the modified fore wing of beetles
elvanlf (el' van), a. An improper form of eJfin. having the sides of the body alate. The whole or Coleoptera, forming with its fellow of the
elvan- (el'vau), n. [Of Com. origin.] The shape is leaf-like, the neck corresponding to a opposite side a hard, horny, or leathery case
name given "in Cornwall (England) to dikes, petiole. Also spelled Elysiadce, See cut under or sheath, more or less completely covering
which are of frequent occuiTence in that region, Elysia. and protecting the posterior membranous wings
and which, throughout the principal mining Elysinin (f-liz'ium), n. [= F. Mysee Sp. = when these are folded at rest, and usually
districts, have a course approximately parallel Eliseo, Elisio Pg. Elyseo, Elysio It. Elisio, = = forming an extensive portion of the upper sur-
with the majority of the most productive tin < L. Elysium (ML. also "Elyseum), < Gr. 'll/.vatov face of a beetle a shard. The elytra are alsoknown
;

and copper lodes. The elvans— or elvan-courses, as (neut. of ij'^Ataio^, Elysian), in 'lllhaiov TreSlov, as imng-covers or winy-sheaths. They are elevated during
they are fretiuently called —
have almost identieally the later in pi. 'RAvaia Trcdia, the Elysian Field, or flight, but do not serve as wings. See cuts under Coleop-
same ultimate chemical and mineralogieal composition as tera and beetle.
the pranites of Cornwall, but differ considerably from them Fields, 1. e., the field of the departed, lit. of 2. In some cheetopodous annelids, as the Aphro-
in the mode of aggregation of their constituents. They going or coming, < i/z^vaic, var. of elsvaig, a ^oing ditidw, or polychsetous annelids, as the Poly-
vary in width from a few feet to several fathoms; tliey or coming, advent, < i/^evaeaBai, future, c?Jiciv
traverse alilce granit«s and slates, but are more nuniei-ous
noe, one of the squamous lamella? overlying
(ind. ip.vdov, ij'ABov), 2d aor., go, come (associ- one another on the dorsal surface of the worm,
in the vicinity of the granites than they are elsewhere.
Many elvans have been worked for the tin ore which they ated with ep;ffCTOai, go, come), whence alsoprob. made by a modification of the
sometimes contain. The rock of which elvans are made iTxiSepo^, free.] In G^r. myth., the abode of the dorsal cirri of the parapodia,
up when occurring in loose fragments is also called elvan blessed after death. Also called the Elysian
or elvati-rock. of which they are thus special-
elvanite (el'van-it), w. [< elvan^ -ite^.] The + Fields. It is placed by Homer on the western border of
the earth by Hesiod and Pindar in the Islands of tlie Blest;
;
ized appendages Auriculate,
bispinose, connate, dimidiate,
—
name given by some lithologists to the variety by later poets in the nether world. It was conceived of etc., See tlie adjectives.
el3^ra.
of rook of which the Cornish elvans are made up as a place of perfect delight. In modern literature Ely-
sium is often used for any place of e.\quisite happiness, and Elze'vlr (el'ze-ver), a. and n.
nearly equivalent to quartz-porphyrij and gra- [F. Elzevir, formerly also El-
as synonymous (without religious reference) to Heaven.
nitic porphyru.
sevier, D. Elsevier.] I. a. 1.
Elvellaceae, Elvellacei (el-ve-la'se-e, -i), n. Once more, farewell go, find Elysium,
!

There where the happy souls are crown'd with blessings. Of or belonging to the Elze-
[NL.] Same as Melvellaeew, Melvellacei. Fletcher, Valentinian, iii. 1. vir family ofDutch printers.
f)l.
ven (el' ven), n. [A dial, corruption of elmen.]
An elm. [Prov. Eng.] The flowery-kirtled Naiades . . . —
See below. 2. Noting a cut
Who, as they sung, would take the prison'd soul. of printing-type. See II., 2.
elver (el'v^r), n. [A dial, corruption of eelfare, And lap it in Elysium. Milton, Conms, 1. 257. — Elzevir editions, editions of the
q. v.] A young eel; especially, a young con- And, oh ! if there be an Elysium, on earth,
Latin, French, and German classics, Elytnini of FolynoF.
a polychsetous annelid,
ger- or sea-eel. [Local, Eng.] It is this, it is this.
and other works, published by a bearing fimbriae, view-
family of Dutch printers named El- ed from above (highly
elver-caket (el'ver-kak), n. Eel-cake. Moore, Light of the Harem.
zevir (Elsevier) at Leyden and Am- magnified).
These elver-cakes they dispose of at Bath and Bristol An Elysium more pure and bright than that of the sterdam, chiefly between 1583 and
and when they are fried and eaten with butter, nothing Greeks. Is. Taylor. 1680. These editions are highly prized for their accuracy
can be more delicious. and the elegance of their type, printing, and general make-
Defoe, Tour through Great Britain, II. 306. elytra, «. Plural of elytrum. up. Those most esteemed are of small size, 24mo, 16mo,
elytra! (el'i-tral), a. [< elytrum -al] Of or + and 12mo.
elves, n. Plural of elf. pertaining to the elytra : as, elytral striee ; ely- II. n. 1. A
book printed by one of the Elze-
elvine,
the eel.
«. [E. dial.
[Local, Eng.]
; cf. elver.] The young of tral sulci —
Elytral ligula, a tongue-like process on vir family. —
2. A
form of old-style printing-
the inner face of the side margins of the elytrum, serving type, with firm hair-lines and stubby serifs,
elvish, elvishly. See elfish, elfishly. to hold it more securely to the abdomen in repose, found largely used by the Elzevirs of the seventeenth
elwand, ». See ellwand. in certain aquatic beetles. Eljrtral plica or fold, alongi- — century.
ridge on the interior surface of each elytrum, near
Elymnias (e-lim'ni-as), n. [NL. (Hiibner, tudinal
the outer margin. In repose it embraces the upper surface Elzeviran, Elzevirian (el-ze-ve'ran, -ri-an), n.
1816), irreg. < Gr. e'Av/zoc, a case; cf. elytrum.] of tlie abdomen. [< Elzevir +
-an, -ian.] A
collector or fancier
A genua of butterflies, giving name to the sub- elytriform (e-lit'ri-f6rm), a. [< NL. elytrum, of Elzevir books. See extract under grangerite.
family Elymniinw. E. lais is the type-species, elytrum, + L. forma, shape.] Having the form " Early-English dramatist," or an Elzevirian.
and there are three others, all of the old world.
An
or character of an elytrum elytroid. ;
New Princeton Rev., V. 275.
Eljnnniiliae (e-lim-ni-i'ne), n.pl. [NL., < Elym- elytrlgerous (el-i-trij'e-rus), a. [< NL. ely-
nias + -iiuE.] A
subfamily of old-world nym- trum, elytrum, + L. gerere, carry, + -ous.] Hav-
em^ (em), n. [ME. *em, < AS. em, < L. em, the
phalid butterflies, of one genus (Elymnias) and ing elytra, or bearing an elytrum.
name of the letter M, < e, the usual assistant
several species, having no ocelli, the wings vowel, -1- m ; a Latin formation, the Gr. name
The order of arrangement of the elytriyerous and cir- being /iv.] 1. The name of the thirteenth let-
greatly produced at the apex and their under rigerous somites [of Polynoe] is very curious.
surface peculiarly marked. Many of them re- ter of the alphabet, usually written simply m
semble the DanaituE in general aspect.
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 206.
or M. —
2. In printing, the squar e of any size
elytrine (el'i-trin), n. [< elytrum + -ine^.] The
Elymus (el'i-mus), n. [NL., < Gr. eXv/iog, a substance of which the horny covering of cole-
of type. The large square here shown ^H is the em of
kmd of grain, panic or millet.] genus of A opterous insects is composed. the size pica the small one ^, one foura^he size (one
;

coarse perennial grasses, of northern temper- half the height and breadth), la the em of the size non-
elytritis (el-i-tn'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. e^^vrpcv, a pareil, the one here used. 'The em is the unit of mea-
ate regions, allied to Hordeum. There are about sheath (vagina), + -itis.] Colpitis vaginitis. ; surement in calculating the amount of type in a piece of
a dozen species in the United States, some of which serve work, as a page, a column, or a book, the standard of
for hay and pasturage. Commonly known as rye-grass or elytrocele (el'i-tro-sel), n. [< Gr. eAvTpoi>, a
reckoning being 1,000; thus, this page or this Ijook con-
lyme-grass. sheath (vagina), 4- K^Ari, a tumor.] Same as tains so many thousand, or so many thousand and hundred,
Elysia (e-lis'i-a), n. [NL., < Gr. tjlvaio^, Ely- colpocclc. ems. In the United States it is also the unit in calculat-
siau see Elysium.]
: The typical genus of abran- elytro-episiorrhaphy (el"i-tr6-ep"i-si-or'a-fi), ing the amount of work done by a compositor, while the
chiate gastropods n. sheath (vagina), -t- episior-
[< Gr. elvrpov, a en is generally used for that purpose in Great Britain,
of the family rhaphy.] A combination of colporrhaphy with em^, 'em (always unaccented, um), pron. [Usu-
ElysiidiB, hav^ing episiorrhaphy. ally written and printed 'em, in 17th century
"
well - developed Elytrogona (el-i-trog'o-na), n. [NL., < llmpov, often 'hem, being regarded as a " contraction
tentacles and the a case, sheath, elytrum, -I- -ymoq, producing: or abbreviation of them ; but in fact the reg.
sides of the body see -goitous.] A genus of phytophagous beetles, descendant of ME. Acjh, him, hernn, hom, ham,
with wing-Uke of the family Cassidid(B. < AS. him, heom, dat. pi. of he, he, hed, she, hit,
expansions. it, the ME. and AS. dat. becoming the E. obi.
E. Elysta-DiridU. el3rtroid (el'i-troid), a. [< Gr. elvrpociS^^,
vindis, of European, < eAvrpov, a sheath, -1- cUog, form.] Elytriform (aec. and dat.), as in him and her, and the ini-
and E. chlorotica, of American seas, are examples ; they she.ith-like vaginal. tial aspirate falling away as in it, and (in easy
;
resemble slugs, and are found in sea-wrack, eel-grass, etc.
eljrtron, n. See elytrum. speech) in he, his. Mm, her: see he, she, it. But
Elysian (e-liz'ian), a. [= F. elysien, a., My-
sien, n. cf. Sp. eliseo, elisio Pg. elysio It. = = elytroplastic (el"i-tro-plas'tik), a. [As elytro- though this is the origin of em or 'em, the form
jilasty + -ic] could have arisen independently as a reduc-
;

elisio, < L. elysius, < Gr. r/Xvmog, Elysian: see

Same as colpoplastic.
Elysium.] Pertaining to Elysium, or the abode elytroplasty (el'i-tro-plas-ti), «. [< Gr. eXv- tion of them, like 'at, 'ere, reduced foi'ms in dial,
Tpov, a sheath (vagina), + TrMaaeiv, form.] speech of that, there.] In colloquial speech,
of the blessed after death hence, blessed de-; ;
the objective plural of he, she, it: equivalent
lightfully, exquisitely, or divinely happy full ;
Same as colpoplasty.
Elytroptera (el-i-trop'te-ra), n. pi. [NL., < to them.
of the highest kind of enjoyment, happiness, or
Gr. e'Avrpov, a case, sheatli, elytrum, + nrcpAv, a For he could coin and counterfeit
bliss.
wing.] Clairville's name (1806) of the group
New words with little or no wit ; . . .

The power I serve And when with hasty noise he spoke '«»,
Laughs at your happy Araby, or the of insects now known as the order Coleoptera. The ignorant for cun-ent took 'em,
Elysian shades. Massinger, Virgin M'artyr, iv. 3. Itwas never current, as the nearly contemporaneous ar- S. Butler, Hudibras, I. i. 109.

In that Elysian age (misnamed of gold). rangement of Illiger, whicli combined the Linnean and
Fabrician systems, and adopted Hay's name Coleoptera, em-^. Assimilated form of fn-1 before labials.
The age of love, and innocence, and joy,
When all were great and free Beattie, Minstrel,
! ii.
came at once into general use. em-2. Assimilated form of c»-2 before labials.
elytroptosis (el'^i-trop-to'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. emaceratet (e-mas'e-rat), V. t. or (. [< L. emace-
Hope's elysian isles. O. W. Holing, Fountain of Youth. EAmpov, a sheath (vagina), + tttImic, a fall, < ratus, defined 'emaciated,' equiv. to emaciatus
Tliere is no Death What seems so is transition
'.
niTTTeiv, fall.] Inpnthol., prolapse of the vagina. (see emaciate), if genuine, a mistaken form for
This life of mortal breath
elytrorrhapliy (el-i-tror'a-fi), n. [< Gr. Iav- "emacraius, e + macer (macr-), lean, whence
<.
Is but the suburb of the life elysian,
Whose portal we call Death. Tpov, a sheath (vagina), -^"l>a(j>ij, a seam, suture, ult. E. meager, q. v.] To make or become lean;
L<mgfellow, Resignation. < frnvretv, sew.] Same as colporrhaphy. emaciate.
 — :: : — ";;:

emaceration 1885 emancipationist

«niacerationt (e-mas-e-ra'shon), n. [< emaeer- emanazione; < LL. emanatio^n-), an emana- a contractor, lit. one who takes (the property
(I ti + -ion.'] A making or becoming lean ; ema- tion, < L. emanare, flow out: see emanate.] or a symbol of it) in hand, < manus, hand, -I-
eiation. 1. The act of flowing or issuing from a foun- capere, take. From manceps comes also man-
emaciate (f-ma'shi-at), V. ; pret. and pp. ema- tainhead or origin; emission; radiation. 2. — cipium, the formal act of purchase, hence a
ciated, ppr. emaciating. [< L. emaciatus, pp. In philos. (a) Efficient causation due to the
: thing so purchased, and esp. a slave ; but eman-
of emaciare (> It. emaciare), make lean, cause essence and not to any particvilar action of cipare was not used in reference to freeing
to waste away, < e, out, +
"maciare, make lean, the cause. Thus, when the trunk of a tree is slaves, the word for this act being manumittere
< maeies, leanness, < macere, be lean, macer moved, the branches go along with it by virtue see matiumit.] 1. To set free from servitude or
(tnaer-), lean, whence ult. E. meager, q. v.] I. of emanation. Hence (6) The production of — bondage by voluntary act ; restore from slavery
trans. To cause to lose flesh gradually ; waste anything by such a process of Causation, as to freedom; liberate: as, to emanci^jate a slave.
the flesh of; reduce to leanness: as, great suf- from the divine essence. The doctrine of emana- When the dying slaveholder asked for the last sacra-
fering emaciates the body. tion appears in its noblest form in the Enneads of Ploti- ments, his spiritual attendants regularly adjured him, as
nus, who makes sensible things to emanate from the he loved his soul, to emancipate his brethren for whom
A cold sweat bedews his enuieiaud cheeks. Ideas, the Ideas to emanate from the Nous, and the Xous Christ had died.
y. Knox, Christian Philosophy, % 56. Macaulay.
to emanate from the One, lamblichus makes the One to
To lose flesh gradually become emanate from the Good, thus going one step further. Tlie 2. To set free or liberate in a general sense,
H. intrans. ;
;

lean, as by disease or pining ; waste away, as Gnostics and Cabalists pushed the doctrine to fantastic to free from civil restriction, or restraint of
developments. any kind; liberate from bondage, subjection, or
flesh.
In the work of the creation we see a double emanation ot controlling power or influence as, to emanci- :
Ue r.Arlstotle] etnaciated and pined away. virtue from God. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, 1, 61.
Sir T. Brounu, Vulg. Err., vii. 14.
pate one from prejudices or error.
3. That which issues, flows, or is given out They emancipated themselves from dependence.
emaciate (e-ma'shi-at), a. [< L. emaciatus, pp. from any substance or body efdux effluvium ; ; Arbuthnot.
see the verK] Thin; wasted; greatly reduced as, the odor of a flower is an emanation of its No man can quite emancipate himself from his age and
in flesh. [Poetical.] particles. country. Emerson, Essays, 1st ser,, p. 319.
Or groom invade me with defying front Justice the brightest ernanatwn from the gospel.
is = Syjl. Emancipate, Manumit, Enfranchise, Liberate, dis-
And stem demeanour, whoBe emaciate steeds . . .
Sydney Smith.
Had panted oft beneath my
goring steel. .
enthrall, release, unfetter, unshackle. To manumit is
T, WartQti, Panegyric on Oxford Ale. 4. In alg., the process of obtaining the succes- the act of an individual formally freeing a slave ; the
sive emanants of a quantic. word has no figurative uses. To emancipate is to free
emaciation (e-ma-shi-a'shon), n. [= F. imaci- Regnault's chemical principle of substitution and the al-
from a literal or a figurative slavery : as, the slaves in
ati'iii = 8p. emaciacion ="tg. emacia^So = It.
the West Indies were emancipated; to emancipate tile
gebraical one of emanation are identical. J. J. Sylvester. mind. To enfranchise is to bring into freedom or into
emacia^ione ; < L. as if 'emaciatio(n-), < emaci- civil rights ; hence the word often refers to the lifting of
Facients of emanation, the facients x', y', etc., referred
are, pp. enuteiatus, make lean : see emaciate.'] in (-'ayley's detinition of an emanant.
t«.» a slave into full civil equality with freemen. Liberate is
1. The act of making lean or tbin in flesh. 2. emanationism (em-a-na'shon-izm), a general word for setting or making free, whether from
ema- n. [<
slavery, from confinement, or from real or figurative op.
The state of becoming thin by gradual wasting nation + -ism.] Devotion to theories of ema- pressions, as fears, doubts, etc.
of flesh ; the state of being reduced to leanness. nation.
Thought emancipated itself from expression without
Searchers cannot tell whether this etnaeiation or lean- It [superstition] settled very thickly again in the first becoming its tyrant.
ness were from a phthisis, or from an hectick fever. Christian centuries, as cabalism, emanationism, neo-pla- Lowell, Among ray Books, 2d ser,, p, 326.
Qraunl, Bills of Mortality. tonism, etc., with their hierarcliies of spirit-host^.
G. S. Hall, German Culture, p, 315, All slaves that had been taken from the northern shore
Marked by the emaxiatum of abstinence. Scott. of the Gulf of Mexico were to be manumitted and re-
«ma(ralatet (e-mak'u-lat), v. t. [< L. emacula- emanatist (em'a-na-tist), n. and a. [< emanate stored to their country. Bancroft, Hist. U, S,, I. 52.

pp. of emaculare, clear from spots, < e, out,

tu.1,
+ -ist.] I. «. In theol., one who believes in In the course of his life he [a Roman master] ei\fran-
the efllux of other beings from the divine es- chited individual slaves. On his death-bed or by his will
+ macula, a spot: see macula and mai/i.J To
sence especially, a member of one of the an- he constantly emancipated multitudes.
free from spots or blemishes; remove errors ;
Leckif, Europ. Morals, I, 249.
cient Gnostic sects, such as that of the Val-
from; correct. To cast the captive's chains aside
entlnians, which maintained that other beings
U|»iu8, Savile, Pichena, and others have taken great And liberate the slave.
pains with liini (Tacitus) in emaculatin^ the text, settling
were so evolved. See emanation, 2 (6). Long/etlow, The Good Part.
the readinif, etc. Halct, Golden Remains, p. 273. H. a. In theol., of or pertaining to the doc- emancipate (e-man'si-pat), a. [< L. emancipa-
trine of the emanatists.
emacalationt (e-mak-u-la'shon), n. [< emaeu- tus, pp. : see the verb.] Freed ; emancipated.
late + -ion.'] 'the act or operation of freeing When then it was taken Into the service of these Ema-
natitt (Valentinian and Manichean] doctrines, the Homo- We have no slaves at home. Then why abroad ?
from spots. oualon implied nothing higlier than a generic or specific And they themselves, once ferried o'er the wave
emailt, emalt, "• Same as amel. bond of unity. The Nicene Fathers, on the other
. . .
That parts us, are emancipate and loos'd,
band, were able, under altered circumstances, to vindicate Cowper, Task, ii, 39.
Set rich rubye to reed emayte.
for the word [Homoduslon] Its Catholic meaning, unaf. emancipation (e-man-si-pa'shon),
The raven's plume to peacocke's tayle. n. [= F.
Puttenkam, Partheniades, zr. fected by any Kmanatist gloss.
Liddon, Hampton Lectures, pp. 439, 440,
StnancipatioH =
Sp. emancijiacim =
Pg. eman-
emanant (em'a-nant), a. and n. [< L. ema-
+
cipaq&o =
It. emandpazione =
D. emancipatie =
wtn{l-)s, ppr. of emanare, flow out, spring out emanative (em'a-na-tiv), a. [< emanate G. Dan. Sw. emancipation, < L. emancipatio{n-),
of, arise, proceed from: see emanate.]
-ire.] Proceeding by emanation issuing or ;
emancipation, < emancipare, emaneijiate : see
I. a.
Flowing, issuing, or proceeding from some- flowing out, as an effect due to the mere exis- emancipate.] 1. The act of setting free from
thing else; becoming apparent by an effect.
tence of a cause, without any particular activity bondage, servitude, or slavery, or from depen-
of the latter. dence, civil restraints or disabilities, etc. de-
The most wise counsel and purpoae of Almighty Ood ;

terminated In thoee two great transient or emaruifU acta

or works, the works of creation and providence.
Sir M. Hale, Grig, of Mankind, p. 36.
n. In math., the result of operating any
1.
numl)er of times upon a quantic with the oper-
ator (x'd/dx + y'd/dy +, etc.). J. J. Sylvester,
1853. Cayley (isse) defines it as one of the coefflcients of
the <iuantlc formed by substituting for x, y, etc., the fa-
cientA of the quantic to which the emanant belongs, Ix +
mjt. III + mij, ete., and then considering I and as the
two fai'ients of the new quantic so obtained.
-emanate (em'a-nat). V. ; pret. and pp. emanated,
ppr. emanating. [< L. emanatus, pp. ot emanare
P It. emanare =
8p. Pg. emanar F. ^matter, >
E. emane, q. v.), flow out, spring out of, arise,
proceed from, < e, out, +
mdnare, flow : see ma-
By an emanative cause is understood such a cause as
liverance from controlling influence or subjec-
merely by being, no other activity or causality interposed,
tion ; liberation : as, the e»(««cy)nf/on of slaves
produces an effect. Dr. II. Mare, Immortal, ot Soul, I, 6.
It sometimes happens that a cause causes the effect by emancipation from prejudices, or from burden-
Its own existence, without any causality distinct from its some legal disqualifications; the e7nanci2>ation
existence and this by some is called emanative : which
; of Catholics by the act of Parliament passed
word, though feigned with repugnancy to the analogy of
in 1829.
the Latin tongue, yet is It to be u.sed upon this occasion
Previous to the triumph of Emancipation In the Fed-
till a more convenient can be found out,
eral District there was no public provision for the educa.
tr. by a Gentleman.
BuryertdiciuM,
tion of the Blacks, whether bond or free,
m Tis against the nature of emanative effects ... to sub-
but by the continual Influence of their causes.
//, Greeley, Amer, Conflict, II, 54.
sist
Glanville, Essays, Emancipation by testament ac(iuired such dimensions
i,
that Augustus found it necessary to restrict the power
emanatively (em'a-nft-tiv-li), adv. In or after and he made several limitations, of which the most im-
= the manner of an emanation by emanation. ; portant was that no one should emancipate by his will
more than one hundred of his slaves.
It is acknowledged by us that no natural, imperfect,
created being can create, or emanatively produce, a new Lecky, Europ, Morals, 249.
substance which was not before, and give it its whole lac-
I.

nation, madid.] I. intrans. To flow out or is-

2. The freeing of a minor from parental con-
ing, Cudmrrtk, Intellectual System,
sue proceed, as from a source or origin come trol. It may be accomplished by the contract of parent
;

or go forth : used chiefly of intangible things

;
emanatory (em'a-nS-to-ri), a. [< ML. 'emana- and child, and in the case of a female liy ina!'ri:i;;e, and
toriii.s iicut. cmanatorinm, a fountain), < L. ema-
( in some states by judicial decree.— Catholic Emancipa-
as. light emanates from the son ; fragrance ema- tion Act. See Ca(Aoiic.— Emancipation proclamation,
nates from flowers; power emanaUa from the
nare, flow out : see emanate.] Having the na- in V. S. hiiit., the proclamation by which, on January 1st,
ture of an emanation ; emanative. 1863, President Lincoln, as conmiander.in-chief of tiie ar-
people.
Nor is there any incongruity that one substance should mies of the United States, declared as a military measure,
T1i:it ulniating form ot government from which all laws in accordance with notice proclaimed September 22d, 1S62,
cause something else which we may in some sense call
fi't'i'fit.-. DeQxUneey. substance, though but secondary or emanatory. that within certain specified territory in armed rebellion all
All the stories we beard emanated from Calcutta. Dr. H. More, Immortal, of Soul, i. 6, persons held as slaves "are and henceforward shall be free,
r. //. RiuteU, Wary In India, I. 2.
In her., same as manehe. Was the Emancipation Proclamation legally operative
Imanche (ii-moush'), n. and etficient the moment it was uttered? or, as many have
The Hebrew word used here |in Oeneals] for llKht In-
clude* the allied forces of heat and electricity, which witli
emancipate (f-man'si-pat), r. t. ; pret. and pp. maintained, only so fast and so far as our armies reached
light now twumat* from the solar photosphere. emancipated, ppr. emancipating. [< L. eman- the slaves or the slaves our armies*^ The Nation, I. 163,
Dammn, Nature and the Bible, p. 92. eipatus, pp. of emancipare, cmancupare (> It. Gradual emancipation, the freeing of slaves by de-
n. trans. To send or give out; manifest. emancipare =
Sp. Pg. emancipar =
F. ^manei- grees or according to certain individual contingencies, as
[Bare.] per =
D. emanciperen G. emancipiren = =
Dan. between specified ages or after a prescribed length of
Slavery was extinguished by gradual emancipa-
Wc jjnike of brisht topics only, his manner all the
emancipere =
Sw. emancipcra, emancipate), service.
tion in most of the original northern United States, and
while 'nuinatitut the silent sympathy which helps so declare (a son) free and independent of the it was at an early date advocated by many in the more
iiiiich )«'<:ause it respecta go much, father's power by the thrice-repeated act of southern States, Laws were passed at different periods
tooted In Merriam't Bowles, II. 41,'i, mancipatio and manumissio, give from one's for gradual emancipation in the British and Spanish West
an<i in Brazil; but they have l>een in each instance
emanate ^em'a-nat), a. [< L. emanatus, pp.: see own power or authority into that of another, Indies finally superseded by acts for the absolute abolition of
the vfrb,] Issuing out; emanant. Southey. give up, surrender, < e, out, +
mnncipiirr, man- slavery. = Syn. 1, llelease, manumission, enfranchisement.
[Karc] cupare, give over or deliver up, as proi)orty, by emancipationist (o-man-si-pa'shon-ist), n. [<
emanation (em-a-na'sbgn). n. [= F. imana- means of the formal act called mancipium, give emancipation 4- -ist.] One who is in favor of
tioH = 8p. emanaeion a Pg. emana^ = It. up, transfer, < manceps (mancip-), a purciuwer, or advocates the emancipation of slaves.
 , ;
: . ;

emancipationist 1886 embalmment

Gradual emandpationlst, in the history of slaver^', Emarginula (e-mar-jin'u-la), [NL., a,semar- loose upon the upper surface for a part of Its own length,
«.
one who favore<1 gradual emancipation (which see, under
emannfatinn). gin{atc) + -ula.] A genus of keyhole-limpets, of whence the name. There are 2 incisors and 2 premolar*
in each half of the upper jaw,
emancipator (e-man'si-pa-tor), n. [< LL. eman-
the t&\mij Fissurellidce, or made type of a family lars in each half of the lowerand 3 incisors and 2 premo-
jaw. The genus contains
cqxitor, < h. emancipare, emancipate: seee»/ja«- Emarginulidce, having an emargination of the a few species, distributed from Madagascar through the
cipate.'] One who emancipates,
or liberates anterior edge of the deeply cupped shell. IC. Malay arcliipchigo.
from bondage or restraint. etongatu^, of the Mediterranean, is an example. emballonurid (em-bal-o-nu'rid), n. A bat of
Emarglnnlidae (e-mar-ji-nu'li-de), n. pi. [NL. t)ie family Emballonuridce.
Kich&rd seized Cyprus not as a pirate, but as an avenger
and emancipator. < Emarginula + -idai.] A
family of keyhole- Emballonuridse (em-bal-o-nu'ri-de), n. pi.
Stubbt, Medieval and Modem Hist., p. 161. limpets, typified by the genus Emarginula, sep- [NL., < Emballonura + -idee.] A family of mi-
emancipatory (e-man'si-pa-to-ri), a. [< eman- arated from the family Fissurellidw. crochiropteran bats, containing about 12 genera
eipate + -ory.']
Pertaining or relating to eman- emarginuliform (e-mar-jin'u-li-f6rm), a. [< and upward of 60 species. They are characterUed
cipation favoring or giving emancipation as, NL. Emarginula + Jj. forma, ioim.'] Resem- the first phalanx of the middle
by the obliquely truncated snout with prominent nostrils,
; :
finger foliied in repose
an emancipatory judgment, law, or decree. bling a limpet of the genus Emarginula. above the metacarpal bone, and by the production of the
The first of these [sources] was the eumticipatorti spirit emasculate (f-mas'ku-lat), v. pret. and pp. tail far beyond the interfemoral membrane, or the per-
;

of the North. The Atlantic, LVIL 22. emasculated, ppr. emasculating. [< LL. emascu- foration of this membrane by the tail. There is generally
a single pair of upper incisors. The family is nearly cos-
A woman the most averse to any emancipatory ideas con- latus, pp. of emasculare, < e, out, + masculus, mopolitan, and is divided into EmballonurincB and Molos-
cerning her sex can surely identify her name with that male: see masculine, male^.'] I, trans. 1. To sinte.
most sexly of occupations, needlework. deprive of the male functions ; deprive of vi- Emballonurinse (em-bal '''o-nu-n'ne), n. pi.
Philadelphia Times, July 24, 1883.
rility or proereative power; castrate; geld. [NL., < Emballonura + -in<B.] The subfamily '

emancipist (e-man'si-pist), n. [< F. Smanei- Hence 2. To deprive of masculine strength of

piste, ( einanciper, emancipate: see emancipate
— bats typical of the family Emballonuridte,
or vigor weaken ; render effeminate vitiate having a slender tail which either perforates
and -t«<.] A
convict in a European penal colony by unmanly
softness.
; ;

who has been pardoned or emancipated.
There is much jealousy between the children of the rich
emanc\pi»t |in New South
Wales] and the free settlers.
Darwin, Voyage of Beagle, II. 231.
For some time past the free colonists (in the French
penal colonies], by no means a numerous class, have de-
clined to employ emancipists, declaring that while they
claimed the free man's wages they would not give the free
man's work. Nineteenth Century, XXI. 839.
emandibulate (e-man-dib'u-lat), a. [< L. e-
priv. + mandibula, mandible see mandihulate.'\
1. In entom., having no mandibles, or having
those organs so modified that they cannot be
used for grasping or biting, as in the Lepidoptera
and most Diptera. This epithet was restricted by
Kirby to species of the neuropterous faLjaily Phry^aneidce,
in which the mandibles are soft and very minute, but the
maxillffi and labium are well developed,
2. Having no lower jaw, as the lampreys and
hags cyelostomous, as a vertebrate.
; lated or turned women, yet very many who from an es-
Luxury had not emasciUated their minds.
V. Knox, Spirit of Despotism, § 2.
The tastes and habits of civilization, the innumerable
inventions designed to promote comfort and diminish
pain, set the cuiTcnt of society in a direction altogether
different from heroism, and somewhat enuisculate, though
they refine and soften, the character.
Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 136.
3. In general, to weaken; destroy the force or
strength of ; specifically, to weaken or destroy
:
the literary force of, as a book or other writing,
by too rigid an expurgation, or by injudicious
editing.
McGlashan pruned freely. James abused McGlashan for
having emasculated his jokes. N. and Q., 7th ser., VI. 111.
II. intrans. To become unmanned or effem- Diclidttrus albus, belonging to the subfamily Emballonurina.
inate.
Though very few, or rather none which have emascu-
the interfemoral membrane above or ends in
weak upper incisors, and long legs with slen-
it,

emanet (e-man'), v. i. [= P. emaner Sp. Pg.
emanar =
It. emanate, < L. emanare, flow out,
proceed from see emanate.'] To flow out : emasculate
issue ; emanate.
We may seem even to hear the supreme intelligence and
eternal soul of all natui-e give this commission to the spir-
its which enianed from him.
Sir W. Joties, Mystical Poetry of the Persians and Hindus.
emangt, prep, and adv.
among.
emarcid (e-mar'sid), a. [Irreg. < L. e- mar-
cidus, withered, after emarcescere, 'wither away
see marcid.'] In bot., flaccid; -wilted.
emargina-te (e-mar'ji-nat), V. t. ; pret. and pp.
emarginated, ppr. emarginating. [< L. emargi-
nuttis, pp. of emarginare, deprive of the edge,
< e, out, + margo {margin-), edge, margin: see
marginate.l To remove the margin of; deprive
of margin.
= teem or reality of being women have infallibly proved der flbulse. The leading genera are Furia, Em-
men. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iii. 17. ballonura, Diclidurus, Noctilio, and Bhinopoma.
(f-mas'ku-lat), a. [< L. emascula- emballonurine (em-bal-6-nu'rin), a. and H.
tus, pp.: see the verlj.] Deprived of the male I. a. Of or pertaining to tie microchiropteran
functions; castrated; hence, unmanned ; de- families Emballonuridce and I'hyllostomidee. The
prived of vigor. emballonurine alliance is one of two series into which the
Microchiroptera are divided, having the upper incisors
Thus the harrast, degenerous, eirmsculate slave is of- approximated and the tail perforating the interfemoi-al
fended with a jubilee, a manumission. membrane, or produced beyond it. See vespertilionine..
An obsolete form of Hamitwnd, Works, IV. 515.
II. n. A
member of the emballonurine alli-
Catholicism restricts " religion" to its priests and other ance ; an emballonurid or phyllostomid.
+ emasculate orders, and allows the laity no nearness to
God but what comes through their intercession. embalm (em-bam'), V. t. [Formerly also ini-
balm; spelling altered as in 6«7»( ; < ME. ewfeaic-
//. James, Subs, and Shad., p. 211.
men, enbaumen, < OF. embaumer, earlier embaus-
emasculation(e-mas-ku-la'shon), «. [= p. Emas-
culation; < L. as if *emasculatio{n-), < emasctt- mer, embasmer, embausemer, emhalsemer, etc., F.
lare, emasculate: see emasculate.'] 1. The act
embaumer = Pr. emhasmar, embaymar = Sp. Pg.
of depriving a male of the functions which embalsamar = It. imbalsamare, imbalsimare, <
ML. imbalsamare, < L. in, in, + balsavmm, bal-
characterize the sex; castration. —
2. The act
sam, balm: see balsam, balm.] 1. To dress
of depriving of vigor or strength ; specifically,
or anoint with balm specifically, to preserve
the act of eliminating or altering parts of a ;

emarginate (e-mar'ji-nat), a. [< L. emargina-

literary work in such a manner as to deprive it from decay by means of balsams or other aro-
tuif, pp. : see the verb.] Having the margin or matic spices; keep from putrefaction by im-
of its original force or vividness.
extremity taken away. Specifically— (a) in bot., pregnating with spices, gums, and chemicals,
notched at the blunt apex applied to a leaf, petal, stigma, The emasculations [of an edition of "Don Quixote "] were
as a dead body. The ancient process was to open the
:

or to the gills of fungi, (d) In mineral., having all the some Scotchman's. Qayton, Notes on Don Quixote.
body, remove the viscera, and fill the cavities with anti-
edges of the primi-
3. The state of being emasculated; effemi- septic spices and drugs. (See mummy.) In modern times
tive form truncated,
nacy; unmanly weakness.
each by one face, (c)
many substances and methods have been employed in era.
balming, as by injection of arsenical preparations into the
emasculator (f-mas'ku-la-tor), n. [< L. emas-
In zool., having the
blood-vessels, generally with a view only to the preserva-
margin broken by a culator, < emasculare, emasculate: see emascu-
tion of the body for a certain period, as during transporta-
shallow notch or
other incurvation
late.] One who or that which emasculates. tion to a distant point, or instead of refrigeration in hot
nicked. — emasculatory (f-mas'ku-la-to-ri), a.
incised [< emas- weather during the ordinary interval before burial.
Three Emarginate Primaries of a Hawlc. ;

Emarginate pro- culate -¥ -ory.] Serving to emasculate. ' Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to em.
thorax or pronotum, in entom., one having the anteri(jr embacet, v. t. See embase. balm his father and the physicians embalmed Israel.
:

margin concave for the reception of the head, as in many Gen. 1. 2.

Coleoptera. embalet, emballt (em-bal', -bal'), v. t; pret. Unto this appertained the ancient use of the Jews to
emarginated (e-mar'ji-na-ted), p. a. Same as and pp. embaled, emballed, ppr. embaling, emball- embalm the corpse with sweet odours, and to adorn the
emarginate. ing. [< P. emballer (= Sp. Pg. emhalar It. im- = sepulchres of certain. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 75.

emarginately (e-mar'ji-nat-li), adv. In the hallare, make into a bale, pack up), < en, in, + Hence — 2. To preserve from neglect or decay
form of iiotenes. 6oie, 6oHe, a bale,ball: see 6«te3j jaMi.] 1. To preserve in memory.
emargination (e-mar-ji-na'shon), n. [< emar- make up into a bale, bundle, or package ;
pack.
Those tears eternal, that embalm the dead.
ginate + -ion.] The act of taking away the All the marchandize they lade outwards, they etnball Pope, Ep, to Jervas, 1. 48.
it well with Oxe hides, so that if it take wet, it can haue
margin, or the state or condition of ha-ving the No longer caring to embalm
no great harme, Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 227. In dying songs a dead regret.
margin taken away.
Specifically (a) In bot., — 2. To wrap up ; inclose. Tennyson, In Memoriam, Conclusion.
the condition of having a Her streight legs most bravely were etnbayid 3. To impart fragrance to ; fill with sweet scent.
notch at the summit or In gilden buskins of costly Cordwayne.
blunt end, as a leaf or Meanwhile,
Spenser, F. Q., II. iii. 27. Leucothea waked, and with fresh dews embalm'd
petal as, the emargina-
:

tion of a leaf. (6) In zool. emballingt (em-ba'ling), n. [Verbal n. of em- The earth. Milton, P. L., xi. 135.

the state of being emargi- ball, taken independently as < tm-^ + ball^ see :
Here eglantine embalmed the air.
nate incision. Scott, L. of the L, 1. 12.
;
embale, emboli.] The act of distinguishing by
Either or both webs [of Leaf of Buxus sempervirens and
feathers] may be incised Flower of Primula sinensis.
the ball or globe, the ensign of royalty promo- ;
embalmer (em-ba'mfer), n. [= p. embaumeur.]
toward the end this is a, d, Emarginations.
; tion to sovereignty. One who embalms bodies for preservation.
called emargination. . . .
Anne. I swear again, I would not be a queen By this it seemeth that the Romans in Numa's time were
The least appreciable forking [of a bird's tail) is called For all the world. not so good embalmers as the Egyptians were.
cmarginatUm, and a tail thus shaped is said to be emar- Old L. In faith, for little England Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 171.
ginate. Cinies, Key to N. A. Birds, pp. 112, 117. You'd venture an emballing. Shak., Hen. VIII., ii. 3.
embalmment (em-bam'ment), n. [= p. em-
emarginato-ezca'vate (e-mar-ji-na'to-eks'ka- Emballonura (em-bal-o-nu'ra), n. [NL., < Gr. baumement; as embalm + -ment.] '1. The act
vat), a. In entom., hollowed out above, the Cfilid?'/.nv, throw in, -t- ovpd, tail.] The typical or process of embalming.
next joint being inserted in the hollow, as a genus of bats of the family Emballonuridce. rhe Lord Jetf cries ordered the hearseman to carry the corpse
tarsal joint. tail perforates the interfenioral membrane and appears to Russell's, an undertaker in Cheapside, and leave it
 — ; ; ;

embalmment 18»7 embarrassment

there, till he sent orders for the embalmment, which he embargo (em-bar'go), r. t. [< embargo, n.] To He removed from his Cuman to his Pompeian villa, be-
added should be aft«r the royal manner. " lay an embargo upon; restrain the movement yond Naples, which, not being so commodious for an em-
Matonf, Dryden, "Account of the Funeral. barkment, would help to lessen the suspicion of his in-
or voluntary use of, as ships or property, es- tended flight. Middleton, Life of Cicero,
2. A substance used in embalming. [Archaic] pecially as an act of sovereignty or of public
ii. 289 (Ord MS.).

At len^h we found a faire new ilat, and %'nder that two policy make a seizure or arrestment of. See
;
embarmentt (em-bar'ment), n. [< embar +
bundles, the one bi^rger, the other lesse in the greater we ;
embargo, n. -metit] An embargo. MalUxcell.
found a great quantity of fine red powder, lilce a kinde of A
imbaltiument. Capt. John Smith, True Travels, 11. 222. embarguet, ». [< embargo, n.] An embargo. true report of the general embarrement of all English
shlppes. Title of a Tract (1684).
If I die. To make an Embargue of any Stranger's Ship that rides
Like sweet embtUmment round my heart shall lie within his Ports upon all Occasions. embarquementf, «. [Occurring in the follow-
This love, this love, this love I have for thee. Howell, Letters, I. iii. 11. ing passage in Shakspere, where some editions
William Morrig, Earthly Paradise, I. 331.
embarguet (em-barg'), v. t. [Also, less prop., have embarguement ; < OF. embarquement, tak-
embank (em-bangk'), t'. t. [Formerly also im- embarge; embargo, ».] To embargo.
< ing ship, putting into a ship, loading: see em-
bank; em-l + fcanfcl.]
< To inclose with a The know if there were any warres betweene
first, to barkment. Embargo does not appear to have
bank furnish with an embankment defend or
; ; Spaiue and England. The second, why our merchants been in use in any form in Shakspere's time.]
strengtlienby banks, mounds, ordikes; bankup. with their goods were etnbarged or arrested.
Hakluyt's Voyages, III. 555.
A word of uncertain meaning (perhaps a load-
embankment lem-bangk'ment), «. [Formerly
Howsoever, in respect of the king's departure (at which
ing, burdening, restraint) in the following pas-
also imbankment ; < embank + -»(enf.] 1. The sage:
time they use here to embarge all the mules, and means
act of surrounding or defending with a bank. of carriage in this town), I believe his lordship will not The prayers of priests, nor times of sacrifice,
2. A mound, bank, dike, or earthwork raised begin his journey so soon as he intended. Embarquementu [var. embarguements] all of fury.
for any purpose, as to protect land from the Cabbala, Sir Wni. Alston to Sec. Conway. SAo*.,Cor., i. 10.

inroads of the sea or from the overflow of a It was no volunUry but a constrained Act in the Eng- embarras (on-ba-ra'), n. [F.] See embarrass.
lish, who, being in the Persian's Port, were suddenly em-
river, to carry a canal, road, or railway over a embarrass (em-bar'as), v. t. [< F. embarrasser,
bargued (or the Service [for the Uking of Ormus].
valley, etc. ; a levee as, the Thames embank- :
Howell, Letters, I. iii. 11.
encumber, obstruct, block up, entangle, per-
ment in London, England. plex (= Sp. embarazar = Pg. embaragar =
embarguementt, See embarquement.
n.
Once again the tide had rolled fiercely against the em- embark '
im-bark'), [Formerly also embargue
v.
It. imbarazzare, embarrass), < L. in, in, F. +
bankment, and Iforne part of it away. *barras, Pr. barras, a bar ; cf. Sp. barras, a pris-
B. Dowtlen, Shelley, I. 303.
and imbark; < OF. (and F.) embarquer = Sp.
on, prop. pi. of Pr. Sp., etc., 6arro, P. barre, a
embart (em-bar'), V. t. ; pret. and pp. embarred,
Pg. embarear =
It. imbarcare, < L. in, in, + ML.
bar. Cf. embar, embargo, and debarrass, disem-
6arca, a bark: see ftorfcS.] I. trans. 1. To put
ppr. embarring. [Formerly also imbar ; < OF. barrass.] 1. To hamper or impede as with en-
on board a ship or other vessel as, the general :
embarrer, enbarrer, bar, set bars on, bar in, < tanglements; encumber; render intricate or
embarked his troops and their baggage.
en- +
barrer, bar: see rm-l and 6arl.] 1. To
Sidan fled to Safl, and einbarques his two hundred wo-
difficult ; beset with difficulties ; confuse or per-
bar; close or fasten with a bar; make fast. men in a Hemming; his riches, in a Marsilian.
plex, as conflicting circumstances, pecuniary
2. To inclose so as to hinder egress or escape Purchae, Pilgrimage, p. 632. complications, etc. : as, public affairs are em-
bar up or in. We went on to the .South Sea Coast, and there embarked barrassed; want of order tends to embarrass
Fast embard In mighty braaen wall. our selves in such Canoas and Periago's as our Indian business ; the merchant is embarrassed by the
Speneer, F. g., I. viL 44. ftiends (uniished us withal. Dampier, Voyages, I. ill.. Int. unfavorable state of the market, or by his lia-
She [the ship) was by their agreement stolen oat of the The French have embarked Fitz-James's regiment at bilities.
harix>r, where she had been long embarred. Ostend (or .Scotland. Walpole, Letters, II. 5.
I believe our being here will but embarrass the inter-

To stop obstruct
Winthrop, HUt. New England, II. 88.
bar out.
Hence — 2. To place or venture;
put at usa or view. Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer, ii.
3. ; ; risk, as by investment ; put or send forth, as Hugo was an indefatigable and versatile writer. The
The first great judgment of Ood npon
the ambition of toward a destination as, he embarked his capi-
: stupendous quantity of work which he produced during
man was the confosion of tongues; whereby the open tal in the scheme. his long literary career is hardly less embarrassing in va-
trade and intercourse of learning and knowledge was I am sorry riety than in amount. Edinburgh Rev., CLXIII. 131.
chiefly imbarred. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, f. 64. I e'er embarked myself in such a business.
B. JoTuon, Alchemist,
2. To perplex mentally confuse the thoughts ;
embarcation, >i. See embarkation. i. 1.
or perceptions of discompose disconcert
embarge^t (em-bSrj'), r. *. [< em-^ + b<irge.'\ 1 suppose thee to be one who hast einbarqu'd many
abash : as,
;

an abrupt address may embarrass a

;

To put or go on board a barge. prayers (or the succease o( the Gospel in these darke cor-
ners o( the earth. yoimg lady.
Triumphall music from the flood arose, T. SKepard, Clear Sunshine of the Gospel, To the Reader.
. As when the soueraigne we embar^d doe see. He well knew that this would embarrass me.
And by faire London (or his pleamre rowea. know not whether he can be called a goml subject who
I Smollett, Humphrey Clinker.
Drayton, Legend of Robert. does not embark some part o( his fortune with the sUte,
to whose vigilance he owes the security of the whole. He [Washington] never appeared embarrassed at homage
embarge^t, r. t. See embargue. rendered him. Bancroft, Hist, Const, II. 364.
Steele, SpecUtor, No. 340.
embargo Oem-bSr'go), ». (^Formerly also im-
n. intrans. 1 To go on board ship,
as when =8yn. 1. To hinder, imi)ede, obstruct, harass, distress,
barqo ; =
D. G. Dan. Sw.ejwoarj/o F. embargo = .

setting out on a voyage: as, the troops em-

clog, hamper.— 2. Embarrass, Puzzle, Perplex. Toembar-
rass, literally, is to bar one's way, to impede one's progress
= ^t. intfrarco, < 8p. embargo, an embargo, barkedfoT Lisbon. in a particular direction, to hamper one's actions hence, ;

seizure, arrest (= Pg. embargo, embargo, objec- to make it difficult for one to know what is best to be
On the 14 o( September
imbarked in another English
tion, = Pr. embarg, embarc), < embargar (= Pg.
I
done; also, U> confuse or disconcert one so that one has
ship. Sandys, Travaiies, p. 7.
embargar), arrest, restrain, distrain, impede, not for a time one's usual judgment or presence of mind.
In the evening I embarked, and they choose an evening To puzzle, literally, is to pose or give a hard question to,
seize, lay an embargo on, < IiTL. as if 'imharri- (or coolness, rowing ail night to put into a state of uncertainty where decision is difficult
eare, block up, emlwr, < L. in, in, in-2, + ML. Dampier, Voyages, II. 1. 100. orinipo!«sit>le it applies equally to opinion and to conduct.
;

barra, a bar: see 6arl, and cf. barricade, em- Did I but purpose to embark with thee To perplex, literally, is to inclose, as in the meshes of a net,
to entangle one's judgment so that one is at a loss whnt
bar, embarrass.'] 1. A stoppage or seizure of On the smooth Surface of a Summer's Sea?
/*rior, Henry and Emma. to think or how to act. Embarrass expresses most of un*
ships or merchandise by sovereign authority comforUble feeling and mental confusion.
specifically, a restraint or prohibition imposed 2.To set out, as in some course or direction Awkward, embarrassed, stiff, without the skill
by the authorities of a countrj- on merchant make a start or beginning in regard to some- Of moving gracefully or sUnding still.
vessels, or other ships, to prevent their leav- thing; venture; engage. Churchill, The Rosciad.
ing its ports, and sometimes amounting to an Ever embarking in Adventures, yet never comes to Har- Some truth there was, but dash'd and brew'd with lies.
interdiction of commercial intercourse either bour. Congreve, Old Batchelor, i. 4. To please the fools, and puzzle all the wise.
with a particular country or with all countries. He saw that he would be slow to embark in such an un- Dryden, Abs. and Achlt., 1. 115.
The sequestration by a natkm of vessels or goods of its dertaking. Maeattlay, Hist Eng., x. They begin by laws to perplex their commerce with
. , .

own citlxena or sabjecta, (or pabllc nacs, b aometlmes They were most unwilling that he should embark in an infinite regulations, impossible to be remembered and
called a eivU tmbargo, in oontradiiUnction to • general undertaking which they knew would hamper him (or so observed. Franklin, Autobiog., p. 409.
prohililtion from Imring port intended to affect the many years to come. Lad;/ Holland, in Sydney Smith, vil. He perpetually puzzled and perplexed amidst his own
is
trade or nafal operations o( another nation, called inter- blunders. Addison.
natiotutl embargo. embarkation, embarcation (em-bar-ka'shon),
BmbargoeM on merchandise was another engine o( royal «. [= F. embarcation, a boat, craft (= Sp. embarrass (em-bar'as), n. [Also written, as
power, by which the English prince* were able to extort embareacion = Pg. embarcafSo) ; as embark + F.,embarras; < F. embarras Sp. embarazo = =
money (ram the people. Utune, Hist. Eng., V., App. iii. -ation.'] The act of putting or goin^ on board
1. Pg. embarazo =
It. imbarazzo, embarrassment,
An enibargo ... is, in Its special sense, a detention a( ship ; the act of setting out or sending off by obstruction, etc. from the verb. ] ;If. Embar-
vessels in a port, whether they be national or (oreign, water. rassment.
whetlier (or the purpose of employing them and their
'-rews in a naval expedition, as was (ormerly practised, or The embarcation at the army. Clarendon. " Now," says my Lord, "the only and the greatest em-
for political purposes, or by way o( reprisals. Lost again and won back again, it [Salona] appears barras that I have in the world Is, how to behave myself
IToofMy, Introd. to Inter. Law, 1 114. throughout those wars as the chie( point of embarcation to Sir H. Bennet and my Lord Chancellor."

Hence — 2. A restraint or hindrance imposed (or the Imperial armies on their voyages to lUly.
K. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 173.
Pepys, Diary, II. 148.
These little etnbarrasses we men o( intrigue are eternally
on anything: as, to lay an embargo on free subject to. Foote.
-peech. 2. That which is embarked.
Another rmbarco/ion of JesuiU was sent from Lisbon to 2. In the parts of the United States formerly
Her emterpo of silence.
BuskneU, Sermons on Living Subjects, I. 34.
CiviU Vecchia. SmoUett, Hist. Eng., III. xlii. French, a place where the navigation of a river
3. The vessel on which something is embarked. or creek is rendered difficult by the accumula-
The chill embaroo of the snow
Was melted in the genial glow. [Bare.] tion of driftwood, trees, etc.
Whluitr, Snow-Bound. We must have seen something like a hundred of these embarrassingly (em-bar'as-ing-li), adv. In an
Embargo acts, United States statute* forbidding the embarkationt [canal-barges] in the course of that day's pad- embarrassing manner; so as to embarrass.
rl - ' rchant veaaeU from any United .States port dle, ranged one after another like the houses in a street. embarrassment (em-bar'as-ment), n. [< em-
The R. L. Stei^enson, Inland Voyage, p. 100.
i>
r>
n>ecial permission o( the I'resldent.
that o( 1807, amended In 1806 (2 SUt..
is
barrass + 1. Perplexity; intricacy;
-ment.]
4:.i ;iM ,...v)
I
1

|>^ft«d to countervail the Berlin and Milan embarkment (em-bark'ment), n. [Formerly entanglement; involvement, as by debt or un-
decrees of Napoleon 1. and the British orders In council, also imbarkment, embarguement, imbarquement favorable circumstances.
by whleh France and Oreat Britain, then at war. intimated (and embarquement, q. v.); < OF. (and F.) em- The embarrassments to commerce growing out of the
a riglit tii int*Tfert with and control neutral merchant
vesaels, whether carrying articles contraband of war or
barquement (= Pg. embarcamento It. imbarca- = late regulations. Bancro.ft.

not. Similar acU were paaaed in 1812 (2 SUt, 700) and m^«<o),< cw6ar(/!«!r, embark: seeemftarfc.] The Let your method be plain, that your hearers may run
1813 (3 SUt, 88). act of embarking embarkation. ; through it without embarrassment. Watts, Logic,
 ! ; :

embarrassment 1888 embattlement

Defeat, universal agitation, financial embarrmiments, AS. ambekt, ambieht, ambiht, ambyht, ombeht, on- of c/ifiaTT/pioc, of or for marching in, < ififiaiveiv,
disorganization in every part of tlie government, com- beht (in earliest form ambaect), in comp. also an- step in, enter upon, < h, in, -f (iaivav, go, step.]
pelled Charles again to convene the Houses before the
close of the same year. Macaulay, llallain's Const. Hist.
byht = ONorth. embeht, service, office, = OS. A war-song sung by Spartan soldiers on the
ambaht (in comp.) = OFries. ombecht, ombeht, march, which was accompanied by music of
2. Perplexity or confusion of mind; bewilder- ambocht, ambucht, ombet, ambet, ambt, ampt, amt, flutes.
ment discomposure ; abashment. OD. = embathet (em-baTH'), v. t. [< em-l + bathe.]
;
service, office, jurisdiction, bailiwick,
You will have the goodness to excuse me, if my real, ambacht, service, office, charge, mod. D. am- To bathe. Also written imbathe.
unaffected CT»6orro*»«Kii< prevents me from expressing
my gratitude to you as I ought Burke, Speech at Bristol. bacht, trade, handicraft, OHG. ambahti, am- = Gave her to liis daughters to embathe

baht, MHG. ambet, ammet, G. amt, service, of- In uectar'd lavers, strew'd with asphodel.
embarrelt (em-bar'el), v. t. [< em-i + harrel.1 fice, charge, magistracy, jurisdiction, district,
Milton, Comus, 1. 837.
To put or pack in a barrel. business, concern, corporation, divine service, embattle^ (em-bat'l), v. ;
and pp. embat-
pret.
Our embarreVd wliite herrings last in long voy- ppr. embattling. [Early mod. E. also em-
mass, etc. (> Dan. Sw. amt, jurisdiction, dis-
. . .
tled,
ages. Xa3he, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., VI. 179).
+ barren.'] trict: see amt, amtman, ammau), Icel. em- = battail, embatteil; < ME. embatailen, enbatelen,
embarrent (em-bar'en), v. t. [< em-^ Sw. = array for battle, < OP. embataiUier, array for
bcetti, sei-vice, office, divine service,
To make barren sterilize. ;
embete, office, place, corporation, Dan. em- = battle, < en- + bataille, battle: see battle^. A
Lilse the ashes from the Mount Vesuvius, though singly
small and nothing, yet in conjoined quantities they em-
bede, office, place, =
Goth, andbahti, service; different word from embattle"^, but long con-

barren all the fields about it. Feltham, Resolves, ii. 9. whence the verb, AS. (ONorth.) embehtian = fused with it.] I. trans. To prepare or array
Icel. embcetta = Goth, andbahtjan, serve. The for battle; arrange in order of battle.
embasef (em-bas')> enbaissen, <
*'• t- [^ ME. Whan
Teut. word has been taken as the source of the that he was embaiailed.
OF. embaisser, embesser, lower, abase, < en- + L., but the case is prob. the other way^ Goth. He goth and hath the felde assailed.
bag, low, base : see base^. Cf. abase.'] 1. To Qower, Conf. Amant., I. 221.
and-b- standing for L. amb-, which combination
lower; degrade ; depress or hollow out. It was not long
does not occur in Goth., while and-b- is com- Ere on the plaine fast pricking Guyon spide
When God . . .
mon; AS. amb-, omb-, for L. amb-, or accom.
Had seuered the Floods, leuell'd the Fields, One in bright armes einbatteiled full strong.
Etnbai't the Valleys, and embost the Hils. an-b-, on-b-, the reg. reduction of AS. *and-b-, Spenser, F. Q., II. v. 2.

Syleester, tr. of Ui^Bartas's Weeks, i. 3. which is never reduced to amb-, omb-, in native The English are embattled, you French peers.
words (cf. amber^).] Same as embassy. Shak., Hen. V., iv. 2.
2. To lower in value; debase; vitiate; de-
But wlien words embassade forth she sends. Here once the embattled farmers stood.
prave; impair. lier
And fired the shot heard round the world.
Lord, how sweete musicke that unto them lends I
Mixture of falsehood is like alloy In coin of gold and Honour of Beautie.
Emerson, Concord Hymn.
Spenser, In
silver,which may make the metal work the better, but it
embaseth it. Bacon, Truth (ed. 1887). embassador, n. See ambassador. Il.t intrans. To form in order of battle.
They that embafe coin and metals, and obtrude them This Luys hath written 3. large bookes in Spanish col-
We shall embattle
for perfect and natural. Jer. Taylor, Holy Dying, iv. 8. lected .out of Don luan de Baltasar, an Ethiopian of
.
By the second hour i' the morn.
.
Shak., A. and C, iv. 9.
A pleasure high, rational, and angelic a pleasure em- ;
great accompt, who had beene Embassador from his Mas-
bated by no appendant sting. South. ter Alexander. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 666. The Regent followed him [the French king], but could
not overtake him till he came near to Senlis There both :

3. To lower In nature, rank, or estimation; embassadorial (em-bas-a-do'ri-al), rt. See am- the Armies encamped and embattelled, yet only some light
degrade. bassadorial. .Skirmislies passed between them. fiaA:€r,Chronicles, p. 183.

They saw that by this means they should somewhat embassadress (em-bas'a-dres), »». See ambas- embattle^ (em-bat'l), pret. and pp. em-
v. t. ;

etnbase the calling of John. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, vii. 11.

battled, ppr. embattling. [Early mod. E. also
Should I . . . With fear the modest matron lifts her eyes, embattail; < ME. enbatailen, enbateUn, later en-
Embase myself to speak to such as they ? And to the bright embassadress replies.
batell; also, without the prefix, batailen, north-
Greene and Lodge, Looking Glass for Lond. and Eng. Garth, tr. of Ovid's Metamorph., xiv.
Uncleanness is hugely contrary to the spirit of govern- [Formerly also am-
em battalen, mod. battle^, q. v.; only in pp.;
embassage (em'ba-saj), ».
altered after bataile (E. battle^),< OF. *embastil-
ment, by embasing the spirit of a man. bassage; another form, with suflix -age^ of em-
Jer. Taylor, Holy Living, ii. 3. ler (cf. ML. imbattajare, fortify), < en- bas- +
bassade or embassy, q. v.] 1. The busmess or
embasement^t (em-bas'ment), n. [< embase + mission of an ambassador; embassy. [Rare.]
tiller, build, fortify, embattle see battlement. :

-ment.'] The act of embasing, or the state of A different word from embattle^, but long con-
Carneades the philosopher came in embassage to Rome. fused with it.] To furnish with battlements;
being embased; a vitiated, impaired, or de- Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. U.
based condition depravation ; debasement. give the form of battlements to used chiefly :
;
Honour persuaded him [Edward IV.] that it stood him
in the past participle.
Tliere is dross, alloy, and e-nibaseyne-nt in all human much upon to make good tlie Embassage in which he had
tempers. Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., t 28. sent the Earl of Warwick, to a great Prince. I saugh a gardeyn. . . .

Baker, Chronicles, p. 205. Enclosed was, and walled welle,

embasement^ (em-bas'ment), n. [< *embase, With high walles enbatailed.
+ Same There he [Elder Brewster] served Jlr. Davison, a godly
verb assumed from embdsis, -ment.]
gentleman, and secretary of state to Queen Elizabeth, and
Rom. of the Rose, 1. 136.
as embasis. attended him on his embassage into Holland. I enbatell a wall, I make bastylmentes upon it to loko
embasiatet (em-bas'i-at), n. [An obs. form of N. Morton, NewEngland's Memorial, p. 221. out at. Palsgrave.
Ancient towers.
embassade.] Embassy. The commission or charge of a messenger;
2t. And roofs embattled high, . . .

But when the Erie of Warwik understode of this mar- a message. Fall prone. Cowper, Task, ii. 122.
riage, he tooke it highly that his embanate was deluded. And ever and anone, when none was ware. Spurr'd at heart witli fieriest energy
Sir T. More, Works, p. 90.
With speaking lookes, that close embassage bore. To embattail and to wall about thy cause
embasis (em'ba-sis), n. [LL., < Gr. eiifiaau:, a He rovd at her. Spenser, F. Q., III. Ix. 28. With irou-worded proof.
Tennyson, Sonnet to J. M. K.
bathing-tub, a foot, hoof, step, a going into, < Doth not thy embassage belong to me
ififiaiveiv, go into, < h, in, + (iaiveiv, go.] In And am I last to know it? embattle^ (em-bat'l), In n. [< embattle^, v.]
Shak., Rich. II.,
med., a bathing-tub, or vessel filled with warm
iii. 4.
a merlon, or a single one of the series of
lier.,
water for bathing. Also called embasement. embassy (em'ba-si), n. pi. embassies (-siz). solid projections of a battlement. See cut un-
;

[Rare or obsolete.] [Formerly also ara6as«^; a var. of embassade, der battlement.

embassadet, ambassadet (em'-, am'ba-sad), n. ambassade.] 1. The public function or mission enibattled(em-bat'ld),p.a. IPp.otembattle^jV.]
[Early mod. E. also ambassad, ambassed, etc. of an ambassador the charge or employment Furnished with battlements
;

(and see embasiate, ambassiate), < late ME. am- of a public minister, whether ambassador or en- specifically, in her., broken
bassade, ambassiade, ambaxade D. G. Dan. = voy; hence, an important mission of any kind: in square projections and de-
ambassade =
Sw. ambassad, < OF. ambassade, as, he was qualified for the embassy. —
2. A mes- pressions like the merlons
also ambaxade, ambayade, and embassade, F. sage, as that of an ambassador a charge com- and intervals of battlements
;

ambassade, < OSp. ambaxada, mod. Sp. emba- mitted to a messenger. [Archaic] said of one of the lines form-
jada =Pg. embaixada It. ambasciata = Pr. = How many a pretty Embassy have I ing the boundaries of an or-
ambaissat, ambaissada =
OP. ambassee, ambaxee, Receiv'd from them
J. Beaumont, Psyche, ii. 59.
dinary or other bearing also
Aigcnt, a Fesse Embat-
;

ctnbascee (> E. ambassy, embassy, which are re- said of the bearing whose out- tled Gules.
Here, Persian, tell thy embassy. Repeat
lated to ambassade, embassade, as armxfl to line is so broken as, a fesse :
That to obtain thy friendship Asia's prince
armada: see ambassy, embassy), < ML. *am- To me hath proffer'd sov'reignty o'er Greece. embattled. Also battled, erenele, crenelated, cre-
bactiata, spelled variously ambaxiata, ambaxata, Glover, Leonidas, x. nellated. Also written imbattled.
ambasciata, ambassiata, etc., an embassade, em- Such touches are but embassies of love. This Logryn amended gretly the Citee, and made towres
bassy, prop. pp. fem. of "ambactiare, ambaxiare, Tennyson, Gardener's Daughter. and stronge walles enbateiled, and whan he hadde tlms
channged the name and cleped it Logres,
ambasciare, ambassiare, etc., go on a mission, 3. mission, or the person or persons intrust- ame[n]ded it he
A .in breteigne, for that liis name was Logryn.
announce, < "ambactia, ambaxia, ambascia, am- ed with a mission; a legation. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 147.
bassia (> OF. ambasse), a mission, embassy, Embassy after embassy was sent to Rome by the Cartha- With hesitating step, at last,
charge, office, < L. ambactus, cited by Pestus ginian government. Arnold, Hist. Rome, xiii. Tlie embattled portal-areli he passed.
Scolt, L. of L. M., Int.
from Ennius as a Gallic word meaning servant' '
In 1155, the first year of Henry II. there was an embassy
,

(servus), and applied by Csssar to the vassals from the kings of Norway. Battled embattled. See battled^.— Embattled grady.
Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 124. See (/rad;/.— Embattled molding, in arch., a molding
or retainers (ambactos clientesque) of the Gallic
indented like a battlement.
chiefs ; identified by Zeuss with W. amaeth (for 4. The official residence of an ambassador; the
*ambaeth, orig. type *ambact), a hxisbandmaii, ambassadorial building or buildings.
orig. perhaps a tenant, retainer, or a footman, embastardizet (em-bas'tiir-diz), v. t. [< cw-l
goer about, < W. am, formerly amb- (= L. amb-, + bastardise.] To bastardize. Also written
ambi-, q. v.), around, about, + aeth (pret.), he imbastardise.
went. With the L. ambactus is connected an The rest, imbastardized from the ancient nobleness of
important Teut. word, AS. ambeht, embcht, om- their ancestors, are ready to fall flat.
atten- Milton, Eikonoklastes, Pref. .v j ~i England.
.iLincoln,
biht, onbeht (rare and poet.), a servant, ,j.
, j .. .- i7~.i._.i
' '
Embattled Molding.— .
Cathedral of
dant, =
OS. "ambaht, ambahteo =
OHG. ambaht, embaterion (em-ba-te'ri-on), n. pi. embateria ;
[Pseudo-
ampaht, m., =
Icel. ambott, ambatt (> ME. am- (-a). [< Gr. iufiaTrjptov (sc. //e/of, song), the air embattlement (em-bat'1-ment), n.
boht), fem., =
Goth, andbahts, m., a servant; a to" which soldiers marched, a march (the ana- 8,TQha,ioembattailment,evibatailement; not found
word common in later Teut. only in the deriv. pestio songs of Tyrtreus were so called), neut. in ME.; < embattle^ +
-ment, or rather the same
 ;:

embattlement 1888 Embemagra

as battlement, with superfluous prefix em-i.] An embellishment (em-bel'ish-ment), n. [= OF. embered (em'b^rd), a. [< ember + -ed2.]
indented parapet ; a battlement, (and F.) embellissement ; as embellish -ment.'] + Strewn with embers or ashes.
embayl (em-ba'), r. t. [Formerly also imbay ; 1. The act of embellishing, or the state of be- On the white ember'd hearth
< f,i,.l + 6ay2.] To inclose in a bay or inlet; ing embellished. Heap up fresh fuel. Southey, Joan of Arc, ii.

inclose between capes or promontories land- ; Endeavour a little at the Embellishment of your Stile. ember-eve (em'bfer-ev), ». The vigil of an
lock : as, the ship or fleet is embayed. Steele, Tender Husband, ii. 1. ember-day. See eve^.
We were so imbayed with ice that we were constrained The selection of their ground, and the embellishment It hath been sung, at festivals,
come out as we went in. Hakluyts Voyages, 1. 447. of it. Prescott.
to On einber-eves, and holy-ales.
Ships before whose keels, full long embayed 2. Ornament decoration
; ; anything that adds Shak., Pericles, Prol. to 1.
In polar ice, propitious winds have made beauty or elegance; that which renders any- ember-fast (em'bfer-fast), «. [< MB. (not
Vnlooked-for outlet to an open sea. thing tasteful or pleasing to the sense: as, rich found), < AS. ymbren-fcesten : see ember^ and
Wordmrorth, Eccles. Sonnets, U. 23.
dresses are embeilishments of the person; virtue fasts.] The fast observed during the ember-
To escape the continual shoals in which he fonnd himself is an embellishment of the mind.
embayed, he sUkmI out to sea, Jlancro/t, Hist. U. S., I. 90.
days.
Indeed the critic deserves our pity who cannot see that ember-goose (em'ber-gos), n. [Also (dial.) em-
cmbay^t (em-ba'), V. t. [One of Spenser's man- the formal circumstance of sitting silent seven days was mer-, imber-, immer-, ammer-goose ; cf D. embcr- .
uf iictured forms intended iorembathe, as bay^*^,
; a dramatic embellishment in the Eastern manner.
vogel (D. vogel = E. fowl), G. imber, < Dan. im-
q. v., for 6a<Ae.] bathe ; steep. To Warburton, Divine Legation, vi., notes.
ber, Sw. imber, immer, Norw. imbre, var. ymmer,
Othera did tfaenuelTes embay in liquid joyes. Painting and sculpture are such embellishments as are
hymber, liymbern, Faroie imbrim, Icel. himbrin,
not without their use.
Spenser, F. Q., II. xiL 60.
Then, when he hath both plaid and fed his till.
mod. himbrimi, the ember-goose.] name of
Pococke, Description of the East, II. iL 277. A
In the warme sunne he doth himselfe embay. Wisdom, and discipline, and l!t>eral arts. the great northern diver or loon, Colymbiis tor-
Spenser, Muiopotmos, 1. 206. The embellishments of life. Addison, Cato. qnatus or Urinator immer.
embayed (em-bad'), p. a. [Pp. of embay^, r.] Specifically 3. In music, an ornamental ad- emberingt — (em'bfer-ing), n. [< ember^ -I- -ingri.]
Forming, or formed in, a bay or recess. Also dition to the essential tones of a melody, such An ember-day.
spelled imbayed. as a trill, an appofjgiatura, a turn, eto. ; a grace Fasting days and ejnberinffs be
or decoration. = Sjru. 1 and 2. Adornment, enrichment. Lent, Whitsun, Holyrood, and Lucie. Old rime.,
A superb embayed window.
Lathrop, Spanish Vistas, p. l-tO. embencht (em-bench'), V. t. [< em-1 bench.'] embering-dayst (em'bfer-ing-daz), n. pi. The +
embaylet, r. t. An obsolete spelling of embale. To bank up. ember-days.
embayment (em-ba'ment), n. [< embay^ + Morris-daunce Cerdicus was the first May-Lord or captains of the
that on those embenehed shelves stampt his
Divers of the king's subjects have of late more than in
-iiient.'] A part of the sea closed in and shel- footing. times past broken and contemned such abstinence, which
Sashe, Lenten Stuffe (HarL Misc., VI. 150). hath been used in this realm upon the Fridays and Sat-
tered by capes or promontories. the embering-days, and other days commonly
l*he embayimnt which is terminated by the land of
emberl (em'b^r), n. [Early mod. E. also im- urdays, called vigils. Quoted by Hallam.
North Berwick. Scott. ber,imbre,ymber; < ME. ej«i6re,eymery, usually
pi. emmeres, emeres, north, ammeris, ameris Emberiza
in (em-be-n'zS), n. [NL. (Linnae-
embeamt (em-bem'), r. t. [< cTO-i + beam.'] (mod. Se. emmers, aumers), < AS. eemergean us; earlier in Kilian, 1598), < G. dial. (Swiss)
To beam upon ; make brilliant, as with beams cmbrit^e, emmeritz, equiv. to MHG. amerinc,
of light. S. Fletcher.
(Leechd, iii. 30, 18), cemyrian (Benson), pi., =
embed, imbed (em-, im-bed'), v. t. ; pret. and
MLG. dmere, emere, dmer, LG. emem, aumern dmerinc, G. emmering, dmmering (= MD. emme-
pp. tmbedded, imbedded, ppr. embedding, imbed-
OHG. eimurja, MHG. eimere, eimer, 6. dial. rinck), G. also emmerling, dmmerling (= MD. em-
=
ding. [< cfH-i, ini-1, + fcedi.] To lay in or as in
(Bav.) aimem, emmern leel. eimyrja Norw. merlinck), a bunting, dim. of OHG. amero, MHG.
= =
eimyrja, aamyrja (also, by popular etym., eld-
amer, G. ammer, a bunting, AS. amore, E. =
a bed ; lay in surrounding matter : as, to embed *ammer, hammer, in yellmchanimer : see yelloic-
a thing in clay or sand.
myrja, as if ield Icel. cldr, fire (see elding), = A
In the absence of a vascular system, or In the absence
+ myrja, embers; but Norw. (eastern dial.) hammer.] genus of buntings, conirostral pas-
of one that is well marked off from the imbeddinff tissues,
myrja Sw. morja, embers, is itself an abbr. serine birds of the family FringiUida:, such as
=
the . crude blood gets what small aeration it can only
. . 01 eimyrja) Dan. cmmer, pi., embers. The ult. the common corn-bunting of Europe (E. mili-
=
aria), the yellow bunting (£. citrinella), the
by coming near the creature '• outer surface. origin is linknown.] A small live coal, brand
H. Spencer, Prin. of Biol., i 307. of wood, or the like; in the plural, live cinders cirl-bunting (£. cirlus), the ortolan (.E. hortu-
Tlie imbedding material la to be slowly poured in, until lana), etc. The limits of the genus are indefinite, and
or ashes; the smouldering remains of a fire.
the imbedded •outaoce is entirely corered. the term has no more exact meaning than bxmtinff (which
W. B. Carpenter, Micros., i 189. O gracious Qod remove my great incumbers, see). In a late restricted sense it includes more than &0
I

Kindle again my faiths neer-dying imbers. species, confined to the Palsearctic, Indian, and Ethiopian
Embedded crystal. See crystal.
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Ark. regions. None of the very many North and South Amer-
embelift, «• [MK., a word of uncertain origin, He takes a lighted ember out of the covered vessel. ican buntings which have been called Emberiza properly
found only in Chaucer's "'Treatise on the As- Colebrooke. belong to this genus. See Emberiziiux, and cuts under
trolabe"; prob. an extreme corruption (the He rakes hot embers, and renews the fires.
inintinfj and cirl-bunting.

form being appar. accom. initially to ME. embe-, Dryden, JEneid. Emberizidse (em-be-riz'i-de), n. pi. [NL., <
umbe-, um-, around (see tim-), and terminally So long as ota hearts preserve the feeblest spark of life,
Embcrisa + -idee.] The buntings rated as a
to OF. -if, E. -ive) of a word not otherwise they preserve also, shivering near that pale ember, a family of conirostral passerine birds.
found in ME., namely, 'oblik, mod. E. oblique, starved, ghostly longing for appreciation and affection. Emberizinse (em'be-ri-zi'ne), n. pi. [NL., <
< L. obliguus, oblicus, slanting, oblique: see
Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, x. Emberiza + -ince.] The true buntings rated
oblique.'] Oblique; slanting. ember^ (em'Wr), n. [In mod. E. and ME. as a subfamily of FringiUida:. The group is prob-
< ME. embyr-, ymber-, umbri-
Nuta that this forseid rihte orlsonte that is clepid orison only in comp. ; ably insusceptible of zo()logical definition. It has of late
(see ember-days, ember-week), < AS. ymbren-, in been made one of three sul)families of Frinsillidat (the
rectum, diuideth the equinoxial into rlht angles, and the others being Coccothraustinoe and Frinjjitliiice), having
emb^if orisonl«, wher as the pol Is enhawsed vpon the comp. ymbren-dceg, ember-day, ymbren-wice, the nasal bones short, not extended backward beyond
oriaonte, ouerkeruyth the etiuinoxial In embtlif angles. ember-week, ymbren-ftesten, ember-fast; also the fore border of the orbits, the mandibular toniia not
Chaucer, Astrolabe (ed. Skeat), p. 37.
abbr. ymbren, dat. pi. ymbrenum, ember-days; < conterminous throughout, leaving a gape in the com-
enibeliset, r. (. A Middle English form of em- embryke, embrin, ymbren, ymbrene, ymbryne, a cir- missural line of the bill, and the gonydeal angle well
ie//i.s7i. marked. In such acceptation, the Emberizinae include
cuit, course (geires ymbryne, the year's course aliout .'iO genera, of most parts of the world, represented
embellish (em-bel'ish), v. t. [Formerly also Lenctenes ymbren, the vernal equinox, lit. the by many of the most common buntings, finches, and
imUllish; embeUssken, embeliten, enbeli-
< 'M.E. return of spring) ; < ymb, ymbe.cmbe, around (= ' sparrows of English-speaking countries, especially of
'

gen, < OF. (and F.) embellisa-, stem of certain the United States, as the chip-, snow-, and vesper-bird,
OHG. umbi-, G. um-, L. ambi-, Gr. a//0(-, around:
parts of embellir Pr. embcUir, embeHezir = Sp. = see ambi-, amphi-, um-), ryne, a running, a + lark-flneh, lark- and towhee-bunting, black-throated bunt-
ing, white-throated and white-crowned sparrows, field-,
Vg. embellecer =
It. imbellire, < L. in- + bellus course, < rinnan, run. The Icel. imbru-dagar, fox-, song-, swamp-, and savannah-sparrows, the long-
> OF. bel, etc.), fair, beautiful see beau, belle, See Emberiza.
:
OSw. ymberdagar, Norw. imbredagar, ember- spurs, etc.
i^eauty.] To set oflf with ornamentation ; make days, Icel. imbru-ndtt, ember-night, Icel. imbru- emberizine (em-be-ri'zin), a. [< NL. emberizi-
beautiful, pleasing, or attractive to the eye or vika, Norw. imbrcrika, ember-week, are in the nus: see Emberizince.] Of or pertaining to the
the mind ; adorn ; decorate ; deck : as, to em- first element from the E. while the equiv. Sw. ;
genus Emberiza; related to or resembling a
bellish the person with rich apparel; to embel- tamper-dagar, Dan. tamper-dage, also kvatember, bunting. Coues.
lish a garden with shrubs and flowers; a style D. quatertemper, quatemper, LG. tamper, quater- Emberizoides (em'be-ri-zoi'dez), n. [NL. (C.
embellished by metaphors; a book embelliehed tamper, G. quatember, formerly lottembcr, kot- J. Tomminck, 1824), < Emberiza + Gr. tWof,
by engravings. temer, etc., are corruptions of the ML. quatuor form.] A
not-
Bay leaves betweene. tempora, the four seasons, applied to the ember- able genus of
And primroces greene, South Ameri-
BmbelCisk the sweete violet days.] Literally, a circuit; a course; specifi-
Spenser, Shep. CaL, April. cally, a regular ("annual, quarterly, etc.) course can frin^il-
the regular return of a given season: a word linebirdswith
The sloping field . . . was embeliished with blne.bells
and centaury. Goldsmith, Vicar, v. now used only in certain compounds, namely, long acumi-
And so we most snppoae this Ignorant Diomedes, thou{(h ember-day.?, -eve, -fast, -tide, -week, and in tfie nate tail-fea-
* mlh:Uuihin<j th« stoiY acoordlng to his slender means, stUl (Ifrivativo emhcring. See the etymology. thers, typi-
I'l h:\\<: built upon Old traditions. De Quineey, Homer, ii. [Early mod. cal species of
ember-days (em'btr-daz), n.pl.
'
'lat . . the instinct of an artistic people could do
.
E. also amber-dayes ; < ME. embyr-dayes, ymber- which are E.
ilish the fairi'iit cities of the fair Italian land was macrura and
Liid done lavishly. dayes, earlier umbri-dawcs, < AS. ymbrcn-dceg,
pi. -dagas (also simply ymbren), ember-days
E. sphenura.
K. Diety, Victor Emmanuel, p. 231.
= 8yn. Ornament, Decorate, See see ember^ and day^.] Days in each of the four Also called
etc. (see adorn). list
seasons of the year set apart by the Roman Tard'wola.
embellisher (em-bel'ish-^r), n. One who or Catholic and other western liturgical churches Embemagra
that which embellishes. for prayer and fasting. They are the Wednesday, (em-ber-iia'-
These therefore have only certain heads, which they are >"riday, and .Saturday after the first Sunday in I>ent, after gra), n. [NL.
as eUxjnent upon as they can, and may lie called embeU Whit-.Sunday, after September 14th, and after December (R! p. Les-
luli'm. Spectator, No. 121. l;lth. Tile weeks in which ember-days fall are eiilled ember- son, 1831), <
weeks. The Sundays imme'ii.itely following these seasons
embellishingly (em-bel'ish-ing-li), adv. So as are still appointed by the canons of the Anglican Church
Embcr(iza) +
to embfUlish with embcllislunents. Imp. Diet,
; for the ordination of priests and deacons. {Ta)tUigra.] A Texas Spanow {Emiemagra rufcmi* gata).
119
 ! ;

Embemagra 1890 emblem

^nns of fringiUine birds, related to Pipil«, hav- by the narrow depressed body, head distinct 2. To adorn with glittering embellishments)
ing green as the principal color, the wings and from the thorax, many-jointed moniliform an- cause to glitter or shine.
tail much rounded, of equal length, the tarsus tennee, 3-jointed tarsi, and few-veined wings of The unsought diamonds
moderate, and the toes short; the American equal size. They are small phytopliagous insects their ;
Would so imblaze the forehead of the deep.
greenfinches. The Texas sparrow or greenflnch is E. larvie arefound under stones in silken galleries. By some And so bestud with stars, that they below
a common species in the lower Rio Grande
rt(/oeir(fata, they are referred to the Orthoptera. The leading genera Would grow inured to light. Milton, Comus, I. 733.
Also called Limnotrpiza.
valley. are Embia, Olynthia, and Oligotoma. Also written Em- No weeping orphan saw his father's stores
embertide (em'b6r-tJd), «. [< ember^ tide.'] + bidce. Our shrines irradiate, or emblaze the floors.
Olio of the seasons in which ember-days occur. embillO'W (em-bil'o), V. i. [< em-1 -I- billow.'] Pope, Eloisa to Abelard, 1. 136.

ember-week (em'ber-wek), 11. [< ME. ymber-

To heave, as the waves of the sea; swell. And forky flames emblaze the blackening storm.
[Bare.] J. Barlow, Vision of Columbus, viii.
weke, umhri-wike, < AS. ymbren-wice : see ember^
and wee^-l.] A week in which ember-days fall. And then enbyllowed high doth in his pride disdaine 3. To display or set forth conspicuously or os-
With fome and roaring din all hugeness of the maine. tentatiously ; blazon.
Andare all fallen into fasting-days and Ember-weeks, Lisle, tr. of Du Bartas's First Booke of Noe.
that cooks are out of use ? Massinger, The Old Law, iii. 1. But thou Shalt wear it as a herald's coat,
Oonstaut she keeps her Ember-week and Lent.
Embiotoca (em-bi-ot'o-ka), n. [NL., < 6r. l/i- To emblaze the honour that thy master got.
Prior, The Modern Saint.
jiioQ, being in life, living '(< h, in, -I- /Si'of, life), Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iv. 10.

-t- TinTtiVj TtKelv, bring f orth ( > ToKof, offspring).] Stout Hercules
embesyt, v. t. Same as embusy. Skelton. The typical genus of the family Embiotocidce. Emblaz'd his trophies on two posts of brass.
embettert (em-bet'6r), v. t. [< em-^ + better^.'] L. Agassiz, 1853. Oreene, Orlando Furioso.
To malce better. emblazon (em-bla'zon),
[< em-1 -f- blazon.]
emblotocid (em-bi-ot'o-sid), n. One of the Em- 1?.

For cruelty doth not embetter men, biotocidce. 1. trans. 1. To adorn -with
figures of heraldry
But them more wary make than they have heen. or ensigns armorial: as, a shield emblazoned
Daniel, Chorus in Fhilotas. Embiotocidse (em'bi-o-tos'i-de), n.pl. [NL., <
Embiotoca + -idw.] A family of viviparous with armorial bearings.
embezzle (em-bez'l), «;. t. ; pret. and pp. embez-
acanthopterygian fishes, related to the lab- Boys paraded the streets, bearing banners emblazoned
zled, ppr. embezzling. [Early mod. E. (16th with the arms of Aragon. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., i. 3.
roids the surf-fishes, in the widest sense. They
;
cent.) imbezzle, imbezel, embesyll, embecyll, em- are of ordinary compressed oval form, like the white perch,
besel, imbesel, imbezil, imbecill, etc., weaken, di-
2. To depict or represent, as an armorial en-
and have cycloid scales, lateral line continuous and paral-
sign on a shield.
minish, filch, < imbecile(accented on 2d syll.), lel with the back, head and mouth small, with jaw-teeth

< OF. imbeciJle, weak, feeble: see imbecile, and only, the single dorsal tin 8- to 18-spined, folding into a My shield, . . .

groove in the back, and the anal fin long and 3-spined. On which when Cupid, with his killing bow
ct.bezzle.] If. To weaken; diminish the power They are mostly small fishes, the largest only 18 inches And cruell shafts, embtazond she beheld.
or extent of. long, the smallest 4 or 5. All are viviparous, a remarkable At sight thereof she was with terror queld.
fact first made known to science in 1853 ; 10 to 20 young are Spenser, F. Q., IV. x. B6.
And so iinbecUl all theyr strengthe that they are naught
born at a litter. Nearly all are marine, abounding on the
to me. Drant, tr. of Horace's Satires, i. 6.
Pacific coast of the United States, where they are among
3. To set off with ornaments ; decorate ; illu-
The seconde plage of the seconde angell, as the seconde the inferior food-fishes, and are called perches, porgies, minate.
jadgemeute of God against the regiment of Rome, and shiners, etc. About 20 species, referred to about a dozen Ere heaven's emblazoned by the rosy dawn.
this is imbeselynge and dimynishe of their power and do- genera, are now known. Of these species 17 are confined Domestic cares awake him. J. Philips, Cider, ii.
minion, many landes and people fallynge from them. to the Pacific coast waters of North America, and one is
J. Udall, Revelations of St. John, xvi. peculiar to the fresh waters of California. The marine The walls were . . . emblazoned with legends in com-
species belong to the subfamily Embiotocinee, the fresh-wa- memoration of the illustrious pair. Prescott.
2t. To waste or dissipate in extravagance ; mis- ter species to the subfamily Hysterocarpiiue. The family Those stories of courage and sacrifice which emblazon
appropriate or misspend. has also been called Ditremid(e, Ditremuta, Holconoti, the annals of Greece and Rome. Sumner, Orations, 1. 12.
I do not like that this unthrifty youth should embezzle and llotcoitotidce. See cut under Ditremidce.
away the money. 4. To celebrate in laudatory terms ; sing the
Embiotocinae (em-bi-ot-o-si'ne), re. pi. [NL., <
praises of.
Beau, and Fl., Enight of Burning Pestle, ii. 2. Embiotoca + -ince.] The surf-fishes proper, or
When thou hast enibezzled all thy store. marine embiotocoids, the typical subfamily of We find Augustus emblazoned by the poets.
. . .

Dryden, tr. of Persius's Satires, Hakevnll, Apology.

Embiotocidm, with the spinous portion of the
To purloin ; filch make Heroes emblazoned high to fame.
St. steal slyly ;
; off dorsal shorter than the soft part, and having
Longfellow, tr. of Coplas de Manrique.
with. only from 8 to 11 spines.
You whom the fathers made free and defended.
A feloe . , .that had embesled and conveied awaye a cup embiotocine (em-bi-ot'o-sin), a. and re. I. a. Stain not the scroll that emblazons their fame I
of golde. tr. of Apophthegms of Erasmus, § 83.
J. Udall, Pertaining to or having the characters of the 0. W. Holmes, Never or Now.
The Jewels, rich apparell, presents, gold, silner, costly Embiotocinm.
H.t intrans. To blaze forth shine out.
II. re. A fish of the subfamily Embiotocinee.
;
furres, and such like, were conueyed away, concealed, and
vtterly embezelled. UakluyVg Voyages, I. 286. Th' engladden'd spring, forgetful now to weep.
embiotocoid (em-bi-ot'o-koid), a. and n. I. 3. Began t' enblazon from her leavy bed.
4. To appropriate fraudulently to one's own Pertaining to or having the characters of the G. Fletcher, Christ's Triumph after Death.
use, as what is intrusted to one's care ; apply to Embiotocidce.
emblazoner (em-bla'zon-6r), re. 1. One who
one's private use by a breach of trust, as a clerk II. re. A
viviparous fish of the family Embio- emblazons; a herald. 2. A decorator; an il- —
or servant who misappropriates his employer's tocidce; one of the surf-fishes. luminator; one who practises ornamentation.
money or valuables. embitter (em-bit'6r), V. t. [Formerly also im- I step again to this emblazoner of his title-page,
He accused several citizens who had been entrusted with bitter; < em-1 bitter'^.] +
1. To make bitter or and here I find him pronouncing, without reprieve, those
. . .

public money with embezzling it. J. Adams, Works, V. 25. more bitter. [Rare in the literal sense.] animadversions to be a slanderous and scurrilous libel.
Milton, Apology for Smectymnuus.
5t. To confuse ; amaze. One grain of bad embitters all the best.
They came where Sancho was, astonisht and embeseled Dryden, Iliad, i. 775. emblazonment (em-bla'zon-ment), n. [< em-
with what he heard and saw. 2. To affect with bitterness or unhappiness blazon +
-ment.] 1. The act of emblazoning.
Shelton, tr. of Don Quixote (1652), fol. 158, back. make distressful or grievous as, the sins of : — 2. That which is emblazoned. Imp. Diet.
embezzlement (em-bez'l-ment), n. [< embezzle youth often embitter old age. emblazonry (em-bla'zon-ri), n. [< emblazon +
+ -ment.] The act of embezzling specifically, ; Is there anything that more embitters the enjoyments of -ry.] 1. The act or art of emblazoning. 2. —
the act by which a clerk, servant, or other per- this life than shame ? Smith, Sermons. Heraldic decoration, as pictures or figures upon
son occupying a position of trust fraudulently Stem Powers who make their care shields, standards, etc.
appropriates to his own use the money or goods To embitter human life, malignant Deities.
Who saw the Banner reared on high
M. Arnold, Empedocles on Etna.
intrusted to his care; a criminal conversion; In all itsdread emblazonry.
To open the door of escape to those who live in conten- Wordsworth, White Doe of Rylstone,
the appropriation to one's self by a breach of tion would not necessarily embitter the relations of those iii.

trust of the property or money of another "a who are happy. ; JV. A. Rev., CXXXIX. 240.
Thine ancient standard's rich emblazonry.
Abp. Tre}ich, Gibraltar.
sort of statutory larceny, committed by ser-
3. To render more violent or malignant; exas-
vants and other like persons where there is a perate.
emblem (em'blem), re. [= D. embleem = Gr.
and therefore no trespass, so that
trust reposed, Dan. Sw. emblem; < OF. embleme, F. emblbme
the act would not be larceny at the common
Men, the yuy&tenibittered against each other by former
contests. Bancroft.
= Sp. Pg. emblema = It. emblemo, < L. emblcma,
law" (Bishop). pi. emblemata, raised ornaments on vessels, tes-
embitterer (em-bit'6r-6r), n. One who or that sellated work, mosaic, < Gr. £u(i?,7i/ja(T-), an in-
To remove doubts which had existed respecting embez- which embitters.
zlements l)y merchants' and bankers' clerks, it was enact- sertion (L. sense not recorded in Gr.), < ifipak-
ed, by the 39 George III. ch. 85, that if any servant or The fear of death has always been considered as the ?.eiv, put in, lay on, < h, in, -I- /3d//.f(r, cast,
clerk should by virtue of his employment receive any greatest enemy of human quiet, the polluter of the feast
of happiness, and the embitterer of the cup of joy.
throw, put.] It. That which is put in or on in-
money, bills, or any valuable security, goods or effects,
in the name or on the account of his master or employer, Johnson. laid work inlay ; inlaid or mosaic work some-
; ;

and should afterwards embezzle any part of the same, he thing ornamental inserted in another body.
shall be deemed to have feloniously stolen the same, and
embitterment (em-bit'6r-ment), n. [< embit-
should be subject to transportation for any term not ex- ter + -ment.] The act of embittering. Under foot the violet.
Crocus, and hyacinth, with rich inlay
ceeding fourteen years. The commotions, terrors, expectations, and einbitter-
Broider'd the ground, more colour'd than with stone
Blackstone, Com., IV. xvii., note 3. ments of repentance. Of cosiWest emblem. Milton, P. L., iv. 703.
Embezzlement is distinguished from larceny, properly Plutarch, Morals (trans.), iv. 155 (Ord MS.).
2. A symbolical design or figure with explana-
80 called, as being committed in respect of property which emblancht (em-blanch'), V. t. [< ME. em-
is not, at the time, in the actual or legal possession of the tory writing ; a design or an image suggesting
blaunclien, < OF. emblanchir, *enblanchir, en-
owner. Burrill. some truth or fact the expression of a thought
blancir, whiten, < en- +
blanchir, whiten, < blanc,
;

or idea both in design and in words as, Quarles's

embezzler (em-bez'16r), n. One who embez- white: see en- ttnd blanch.] To whiten.
:

zles. Emblems (a collection of such representations).

It was impossible that a spot of so deep a dye should be
Embia (em'bi-a), n. [NL.] The typical genus emblaneh'd. Heylin, Life of Laud, p. 260. Emblem reduceth conceits intellectual to images sen-
of the family Smbiida. E. samgnii is an Egyp- sible. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 232.
emblaze (em-blaz'), v. t. pret. and pp. em-
tian species. ;
3. Any object whose predominant quality sjrm-
blazed, ppr. emblazing. [<eTO-i -I- blaze^.] 1.
embiid (em'bi-id), n. One of the Embiidm. bolizes something else, as another quality, con-
Emblidse (em-bi'i-de), n. pi. [N-L., < Embia + To kindle set in a blaze.
;
dition, state, and the like the figure of such ;

-idw.] A
small family of neuropterous (pseu- Works damn'd, or to be damn'd (your father's fault)
Go, purified by flames, ascend the sky,
an object used as a symbol ; an allusive figure;
doneuropterous) insects, of the group Corro- Not sulphur -tipp'd, emblaze an alehouse fire.
. . .

a symbol: as, a white robe is an emblem of pu-

dentia, related to the Psocidw, characterized Pope, Dunclad, i. 236. rity; a balance, of justice; a crown, of royalty.
 :

emblem 1891 emboldener

The emblems in use during sixteenth and seventeenth
tlie Alciato, the famous lawyer and embtemaiisi. the elements or principles of; express, arrange,
centuries are sometimes iianl to discriminate from the Lowell, Among my Booi^s, 1st ser., p. 138.
devices ; for these, as adopted by men of distinction, were or exemplify intelligibly or perceptibly as, to :

commonly emblematic. See device, 7. emblematize (em'blem-a-tiz), V. t. pret. and ; embody thought in words; legislation is embod-
Know
ye the lami where the cypress and myrtle pp. emblematized, ppr. emblematizing. [< L. em- ied in statutes architecture is embodied art.
;

Are emblems of deeds that are done in their clime? blema{t-), emblem, -f- -ize.] To represent or At this turn, sir, you may perceive tliat I have again
Byr&n, Bride of Abydos, i. 1. express by means of an emblem as, to emblem^ : made use of the Piatonick hypothesis, that Spirits are
A fit emblem, both of the events in memory of which it atize a thought, a quality, or the like. embodied. GlanviUe, Witchcraft, § 11.
is raised, and of the gratitude of those who have reared Anciently the sun was emblematized by a starry figure. The soul while it is embodied can no more be divided
it. D. Webster, Speech, Bunker Hill, June 17, 1826. from sin, tlian the body itself can be considered without
Bp. Hurd, Marks of Imitation.
4. An example. [Rare.] emblement (em'ble-ment), n. [< OF. emblae-
flesh. South, Sermons, XI. i.

(Lord's Day) Comes Mr. Herbert, Mr. Honiwood'a man, ment, emblaiement, emblayement, crop, harvest, Morals can never be safely embodied in the constable.
—
and dined with me a very honest, plain, and well-mean-
< emblaer, embleer, etnblaier, emblayer, also em-
Lowell, Fireside Travels, p. 56.
ing man, I thinlc him to be ; and, by his discourse and Doctrines, we are afraid, must generally be embodied be-
manner of life, the true emblem of an old ordinary serv- blader (also, without prefix, bluer, bleer, blayer), fore they can excite a strong public feeling, ilacaulay.
ing-man. Pepy*, Diary, II. 159. F. emblaver (= It. imbiadare), < ML. imbladare, Even among ourselves embodied righteousness some-
= SylL 2 and 3. Emblem, Symbol, Type. Emblem and sym- sow with grain, < L. in, in, -t- ML. bladum (> OF. times takes the same abstract form.
bol refer to tangible objects ; type may refer also to an act,
as when the lifting up of the brazen serpent (Num. xxi. 8,
ble, blee, blef, bled, F. bU, bled Pr. blat It. = = E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 388.
biado, biada), grain (orig. crop, as that which is 2. To form or collect into a body or united
9)i8 said to a type of the cniciflxiou, the serpent being
t>e
a type or enMem of Christ. A symbol
is generally an em- taken away), orig. "ablatum, neut. of L. abla- mass; collect into a whole; incorporate; or-
blem which baa become recognized or standard among tus, pp. of auferre, carry away: see ablative.] ganize ; concentrate as, to embody troops ; to
:
men a volume proposing new signs of this sort would
;
1. pi. In law, those annual agricultural pro- embody scattered traditions or folk-lore.
be called a " boolc of emblems "; but an emblem may be a
symbf)l, as the bread and wine at the Lord's supper are
ducts which demand culture, as distinguiAed Recorded among the
visits of kings and ambassadors in
more often called emblems than symbols of Christ's death. from those which grow spontaneously; crops a precious chronicle that embodied the annals of all pub-
Symbol is by tliis rule tlie appropriate word for the con- which require annual planting, or, like hops, licevents and copies of public documents.
ventional signs in mathematics. Emblem is most often annual training and culture. Emblements thus SttMs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 145.
used of moral and religious matters, and type chiefly of We
shall be able to fall back upon the MiUtia battal-
include corn, potatoes, and most garden vegetables, but
religious doctrines, institutions, historical facts, etc. Type ions, which will be at once embodied, and through whose
not fruits, and generally not grass. They are deemed per-
in its religious application generally points forward to an ranks will be poured into the fighting ranks of the active
sonal property, and pass as such to the executor or ad-
atuitype. army a continual supply of drilled and disciplined re-
ministrator of the occupier, instead of going with the
Bose of the desert ! thou art to me land to his heir, if he die before he has cut, reaped, or cruits. Nineteenth Century, XIX. 269.
An emblem of stainless purity.
harvested them ; they also belong to the tenant when his
D. M. Moir, The White Bo«e. = S3m. 2. To combine, compact, integrate, comprehend,
tenancy has been terminated by an unexpected event with- comprise.
All things are symbols : the external shows out his agency, aa by his death or that of his landlord.
Of nature have their image in the mind. n, To unite into a body, mass, or
intrans.
If a tenant for his own life sows the lands, and dies be- collection; coalesce.
LonofeUow, The Harvest Moon.
fore harvest, his executors shall have the emblements, or
Beauty was lent to Nature as the type proflu of the crop. Blackstone, Com., II. 8.
The idea of white, which snow yielded yesterday, and
Of heaven's unspeakable and holy joy. another idea of white from another snow to-day, put to-
S. J. HaU, Beauty. 2. The right to such crops.— Emblements Act, an gether in your mind, embody and run into one. Locke.
English sutute of 1851 (14 and 15 Vict., c. 26), which en-
emblem (em'blem), c. *. [< emblem, «.] To rep- acted that, instead of having a right to emidements, a ten-
To embody against this court party and its practices.
resent or suK^est by an emblem or symboli- ant under a tenant for life, on the determination of the Burke, Present Discontents.
cally; symbolize; emblematize. [Bare.] tenancy, shall hold until the expiration of the then current embog (em-bog'), V. t. ; pret. and pp. embogged,
year ; that growing crops seized umler execution shall he To plunge
Why may he not be embUm'd by the coienlng fig.tree ppr. embogging. [< em-l -*- bog^.]
liable for accruing rent that the tenant may remove his
;
tliat our Saviour curs'd? Feltham, Besolves, L 80. improvements unless the landlord elect to take them and into or cause to stick in a bog ; mire.
;

emblema (em-ble'mS), n. pi. emblemata (-ma- ;

that in case a tithe-rent charge is unpaid the landlord may General Murray got into a mistake and a morass,
. . .

j«iy it and recover as on a simple contracts was enclosed embogged, and defeated.
ts). [L. : see emblem.'] In arckaol.: (a) An . . .

inlaid emblem or ornament; an ornament in emblemize (em'ble-mJz), v. t. pret. and pp. ;

Walpole, Letters (1760), III. 392.

mosaic, {b) An ornament in relief made of

emblemized, ppr. emblemizing. [< emblem + It would be calamitous for us, k propos of this matter,
•ize.] Same as emblematize. Also spelled em- to get embogged in a metaphysical discussion about what
some precious metal, fastened upon the sur- real unity and continuity are. W. James, Mind, IX. 6.
blemise.
face of a vessel or an article of furniture.
In another class of jewels animals or the human figure
The demon lovers -who seduce women to their ruin at embogue (em-bog'), v. i.; pret. and pp. em-
were not relieved on a ground, but emttossed and cut out
once emblemtse and punish the evil thoughts and feelings bogitcd, ppr. emboguing. [< Sp. embocar, enter
In outline, like the emblemata of later Greek art.
of their victims. FoHniffbtly Rev., JJ. S., XLII. 562. by the mouth, or by a pass or narrow passage,
C. T. Newton, Art and ArcbBoL, p. 265. embloom (em-bl8m'), f. t. [< enj-l + bloomi-.] = Pg. embocar, get into the mouth of a pas-
emblematic, emblematical (em-ble-mat'ik, -i- To cover or enrich with bloom. [Bare.] sage, =
It. imboccare, feed, instruct, disem-
kal). <(. [= F. i-mhli'tii(iii(iiie = 8p. emblemdtico emblossom (em-blos'um), r. [< eTO-l -I- blos- t. bogue, =
F. emboucher, put into the mouth,
= Pg. It. embkntatico (cf. D. G. emblematiteh = suin.] To cover with blossoms. [Poetical.] refl. disembogue, embogue {"> embouchure, q. v.),

Dan. Sw. emblematisk), < L. as if 'embUmatums, Sweet, O sweet, the warbling throng, < L. in (> Sp. en, etc.), in, -^ bucca, the cheek
< emblema, emhlem: see emblem.'] 1. Pertain- On the white emblossom'd spray I (> Sp. boca, Pg. boeea. It. bocca, F. bouche, the
Nature's unlveiaal song mouth): Bee bucca, anAcf. disembogue.] To dis-
ing to or constituting an emblem; using or
Echoes to tbe rising day.
dealing in emblems; symbolic. charge itself, as a river, at its mouth ; disem-
Cunningham, Day, A PastoraL
And wet his brow with hallowed wine. bogue; debouch. [Rare or unused.]
And on his finger given to shine embodier (em-bod'i-6r), n. One who or that emboilt (em-boil'), t'. [< em-1 + boiU.] I.
The emblematic gem. Seott, Uarmlon, tr. 8. whicli embodies ; one who gives form to any- trans. To heat ; cause to bum, as with fever.
And so, because the name (like many names) ean be thing. Formerly also imbodier. Faynt, wearie, sore, emboyled, grieved, brent.
made tn yield a fanciful embUmatie meaning. Homer must He [Shakspere} must have been perfectly conscious of With heat, toyle, wounds, armes, smart, and inward Are,
lie a myth. De Quineey, Homer, L his genius, and of tlie great trust he imposed upon his That never man such mischiefes did torment.
native tongue as the embodier and perpetuator of it. Spenser, F. Q., I. xi. 28.
2. Representative by some allusion or custom-
Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser,, p. 165.
ary association; suggestive through similarity n. intrans. To boil 'violently; hence, to rage
of qualities or conventional significance: as, a embodiment (em-bod'i-ment), n. [Formerly with pride or anger.
crown is emblematic of royalty ; whiteness is em- also iiiihiidimcnt ; < embody + -ment.] 1. In- The knight emboyling in his haughtie hart,
blematic of purity. vestment with or manifestation through an ani- Knitt all his forces. Spenser, F. Q., IL iv. 9.
Glanced at the legciidary Anuuon mate body ; incarnation bodily presentation ;

as, metempsychosis is tbe supposed embodiment emboltement

(on-bwot'mon), n. [F., a joint-
As emblematic of a nobler age.
rmnyam, Princeia, IL of previously existing souls in new forms ; she ing, a fitting in, etc. (see def.), < emboiter, joint,
fit in, lock (step), OF. emboister, lit. inclose
emblematically (em-ble-mat'i-kal-i), adv. In is an embodiment of all the virtues. as in a box: see emboss^.] In biol., the doc-
ail eirit>lcmatic way; by way or means of em- The theory of embodiment serves several highly impor-
tant purposes in savage and bart>arian philosophy. trine of generation promulgated by Bonnet,
bletiis; in the manner of emblems; by iray of
E. B. Tylor, Prim. Culture, II. 113. namely, the aggregation of living germs one
allusive representation.
others have ipoken embiematieaUy and hieroglyphical- 2. A bringing into or presentation in or within the other, and their detachment to pro-
ly and so did tbe .SgrptUna, onto whom the phamix was
:
through a form; formal expression or mani- duce new existences,
the hieroglyphick of toe sun. festation ; formtilation as, the embodiment of embola, n. Plural of embolon.
:

Sir T. Browne, V'ulg. Err., ill. 12. principles in a treatise. embolsemia, «. See embolemia.
He took a great stone and put it up under the oak, em- e»»-i -H bold.] To
Uematieally joining the two great element* of masonry. A visible memory of the past, and a sparkling embodi- emboldt (em-bold'), v. t. [<
ment of the present. Lathrop, Spanish Vistas, p. 104. embolden.
Sir{ft.
Multiform embodiments of selfishness in unjust laws. But now we dare not shew our selfe In place,
emblematicalneflB (em-ble-mat'i-kal-nes), R. H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 451. Ne vs embold to dwel in company
The L'haraoter of being emblematical. Bailey, He [the .Sultanj has no rights, for wrong can have no There as our hert would loue right faithfully.
1727. Court of Love.
rights, and his whole position is the embodiment of wrong.
emblematicize (em-ble-mat'i-slz), r. t; pret. E. A. Freeman, Amer, Lects., p. 415. embolden (em-'bol'dn), r. t. [< em-1 -)- Jojfj -(-

and pp. <mhlcmatici:ed, ppr. emblematicicing. 3. Collection or formation into an aggregate -««!.] To give boldness or courage to ; make
[< emblematic + -i:e.] To represent by or em- body organization ;
; an aggregate whole in-
;
bolder encourage. ;

body in an emblem; emblematize. [Rare.] corporation; concentration: bs, the embodiment With these Persuasions they [Richard and Geoffery] pass
He IGiacomo Amiconij drew the queen and the three eld- of troops into battalions, brigades, divisions, over into Normandy, and join with their Brother Henry,
est prlnceaaea, and prints were taken from his pictures, who, emboldned by their Assistance, grows now more in-
etc. ; the embodiment of a country's laws.
whlili he generally endeavoured to emblematieize by genii solent than he was before. Baker, Chronicles, p. 54.
and cupids. WalpoU, Anecdotes of Painting, Iv. S. Our own Common Law is mainly an embodiment of the It generally seen among Privateers that nothing im-
is
"customs of the realm." boldens them sooner to mutiny than want.
emblematist (em'blem-a-tist), n. [< L. em- n. Spencer, Prin. of SocloL, i 629. Dampier, Voyages, I. 146.
blema(t-), eml)lem. -I- -isi.] A writer or an in-
embody (em-bod'i), V. pret. and pp. embodied,
; Fame ... so gentle, so retiring, that it seemed no
ventor of emblems.
ppr. embodying. [Formerly also imbodu; < em-i more than an assured and emboldened modesty.
Thus began the descriptions of griphins, basilisks, phra-
nix. and many more which evfMcmatists and heralds have
;
+ body.] I. trans. 1. To invest with an ani- Lovxll, J^reside Travels, p. 54.

entertained with signiflcationa answering their Instltu- mate body; lodge in a physical form; incarnate; emboldener (em-bol'dn-Sr), n. One who or that
MoM. air T. Browne, Vulg. Err., T. 80. hence, to give form to; formulate; coordinate which emboldens.
 — ;

embolemia 1892 emboss

embolemia, embolsemia (cm-bo-Ie'mi-^), n. The Lord's Prayer is followed, in almost all Liturgies, the devill might have his free option, I believe he
If
[NL. embola-miti, < Gr. t/i/h'/Mf, tlirown iix (see by a short petition against temptation, which . . . . . . would ask nothing else but liberty to enfranchize all false
was anciently known by the name of the Embolismits. Keligions, and to entbondage the true.
embolism, embolus), +
a'tua, blood.] The condi- J. M. Neale, Eastern Church, i. 514. A'. Ward, Simple Cobler, p. 4.
tion of the blood accompanviug the formation
of metabolic abscesses in pyemia. embolite (em'bo-lit), n. [< Gr. knpoli/, an in- embonpoint (on-b6n-pwan'), n. [P., fullness,
sertion (< cjijiaAeiv, throw in, insert), 4- -ite^.] plumpness orig. a phrase en ban point, in good
Embolemus, ». See Embolimits. ;

emboli, ". Plural of embolus. A mineral consisting chiefly of the chlorid of condition: en, in; bon, good; point, point,
degree, condition: see i/il, bonus, and jwint.]
eiIlboliai(em-b6'li-a), «.; iil.emboli<e(-e). [NL., silver and the bromide of silver, found in Chili
< Gr. iu3o?.t/, insertion : see embolism.'] Same and Mexico: so called because intermediate be- Exaggerated plumpness; rotundity of figure;
as emboiism. tween cerargyrito and bromyrite. stoutness a euphemism tov fatness ot fleshiness.
:

embolia-, «. Plural of emboUum.
embolic (em-bol'ik), (I. [< embohis, or emboly,
-ic] 1. Inserted; intercalated; emboUsmic.
embolium (em-bo'li-um), n. pi. embolia f-a). ; A clearness of skin almost bloom, and a plumpness al-
[NL., < Gr. £uf}6hov, something thrown in, < i/i- most embonpoint, softened the decided lines of her fea-
+ tures. Charlotte Brontii, The Professor, xviii.
,3o/'.of, thrown in: seeembolus.] Anouterormar-
ginal part of the cerium found in the hemelytra Tile Qiieen [Victoria] was not very tall, but until . . .

2. In pathol., relating to embolism, or plugging embonpoint overtook her, her figure was exquisitely beau-
of a blood-vessel. —
3. Pertaining to emboly; of certain heteropterous insects, it resembles
the rest of the corium in consistence, and is separated
tiful. Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XLII. 285.
characterized by or resulting from emboly. from it only by a thickened rib or vein. emborder (em-b6r'der), V. t. [Formerly also
The two-layered gastnila is as a rule developed from embolize (em'bo-liz), v. t. pret. and pp. embo- imborder; < em-^ +
border. Cf. OF. emborder,
the blastosphere by . embolic invagination.
. .
UxdyjnpT. embolising. [< embolus
;

-ize.] To + border, < en- bord, border.] +

1. To furnish,
Claiis, Zoology (trans.), I. 114.
cut off from the circulation by embolism. inclose, or adorn with a border. 2. To place —
embolimean, embolimic (em-bo-lim'e-an, -ik), Embolomeri (em-bo-lom'e-ri), n.pl. [NL., pi. as in a border ; arrange as a border.
a. [< LL. c»(6o;i»i(i'«s, inserted: see embolism.] oi 'cmbolomei'us : see embolomerous.] An order Thick-woven arborets and flowers
Same as emboUsmic. of extinct amphibians, having a set of vertebral Imborder'd on each bank. Milton, P. L., ix. 438.

EmboliminsB (em-bol-i-mi'ne), «. pi. [NL., < centra interposed between the regular verte- embordered (em-b6r'd6rd),
p. a. [Formerly
JEmbolim us +
-inw.] A
subfamily of Proctotry- bral bodies, so that each vertebral arch has two also imbordered (in heraldry also embordured) ;
pidw, having the hind wings lobed, the male centra, whence the name.
pp. of emborder, v.] Adorned with a border;
ant«nn89 10-jointed, the female 13-jointed. embolomerism (cm-bo-lom'e-rizm), n. [< em- specifically, in her., having a border an epithet :
There are two genera, Embolimus and Fedinom- bolomcr-ous -ism.] +
Formation of the verte- used only when the border is of the same tinc-
ma. Forster, 1856. bral column by means of intereentra between ture as the field.
Embolimus (em-bol'i-mus), n. [NL. (West- the centra; diplospondylism. embosom (em-buz'um), V. t. [Formerly also
wood, 1833), al- embolomerous (em-bo-lom'e-ms), a. [< NL. imbosom; < ok-I -i- bosom.] 1. To take into or
so improp. Em- *embolomerus, < Gr. ejijioWoi;, ttrown in, /^fpo?, +
hold in the bosom: hold in nearness or inti-
bolemiis,<Gv. kfi- part.] Thrown in, as intercalated centra or macy; admit to the heart or affections; cherish.
ft6?u/A0(, insert- intereentra, between arch-bearing bodies of the This gracelesse man, for furtherance of his guile.
ed, interpolat- vertebrre of the spinal column having inter-; Did court the handmayd of my Lady deare,
ed : see embo- eentra, as a spinal column ; diplospondylie. Who, glad t' eiribosome his affection vile,
lism.] A genus The caudal region is embolomermis.
Did all she might more pleasing to appeare.
Spenser, F. Q., II. iv. 25.
of parasitic hy- E. D. Cope, Geol. Mag., II. 627.
menopterous 2. To inclose ; embrace ; encircle.
insects, of the embolon, embolum (em'bo-lon, -lum), n. ;
pi.
His house embosomed in tlie grove.
family I'rocto- embola (-la). [L. embolum, < Gr. i/ilioAov, neut., Pope, Imit. of Horace, IV. i. 21.
trypicUe, typical iliPoTiOf, masc, the bronze beak or ram of a The kingdom of Navarre, embosomed within the
little
of the subfami- Pyrenees. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., Int.
ly Emboliminm, Safe-cm&osometZ by the night.
characterized Browning, Ring and Book, I. 2C.
by the antennal emboss^ (em-bos'), t'- t. [Formerly also imftoss;
scape, which is early mod. E. also enbosse; < ME. enbossen, en-
Embolimus afruricanus, about live
shorter than the
times natural size. bocen, < OP. embosser, enbocer, swell or arise in
first joint of the bunches, emboss, < en- -(- bosse, a boss: see
fnniele. One North American and two Euro- boss^.] To form bosses on; fashion relief
1.
pean species are known. Usually spelled Em- or raised work upon oi'nament with bosses or ;

bolemus. raised work cover or stud with protuberances,

;

embolism (em'bo-lizm), n. [= F. embolisme = as a shield.

Sp. Pg. It. emboiismo, < LL. embolismus, inter- To enboce thy lowis [jaws] with mete is nat diewe [due].
calation (also as adj. intercalary, an error for Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 28.
embolimus), as if < Gr. *ialiolian6^, < t/^lid^iiuoc lie onely now emboss my Book with Brass,
(LGr. also cfilio?uiialos, > LL. emboUmceus), in- Dye 't with Vermilion, deck 't with Coperass.
serted, intercalated (cf. in^oXoq, something Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 3.

thrown or thrust in: see embolus, 2), < iujiaXXeiv, Embolon. —

Ulysses and the Sirens, from Greek red-fi(rured hydria Dead Corps imboss the Vale with little Hills.
found at Vulci. (From " Monumenti dell" Institute")
Cowley, Davideis,
throw in, put in, insert: see embolus.] 1. In- ii.

tercalation ; the insertion of days, months, or Allcrowd in heaps, as at a night alarm

ship: see embolus.] 1. The beak of an ancient The bees drive out upon each otlier's backs.
years in an account of time. The Greeks made use war-ship, it was made of metal, in various forms, and To emboss their hives in clusters.
of the lunar year of 354 days, and to adjust it to the solar sharpened like the prow of a modern ram, so that it might Dryden, Don Sebastian.
year of 365 days they added a lunar month every second pierce an enemy's vessel bencatli the water-line.
or third year, which they called ifj-^oXiiio^ /irji/, or tuiv c/i- Hammer needs mnst widen out the round,
/SoAtfAo;, intercalated montti. 2. Same as embolus. And file emboss it fine with lily-flowers.
2. Intercalated time. —
3. In pathol., the ob- embolophasia (em''''b6-lo-fa'zi-a), n. [NL.,< Gr.
efijio7x)f, thrown in, -t- (pdatc, a saying, < (jiavai ^
Ere the stuff grow a ring-thing right to wear.
Browning, King and Book, I. 7.
struction of a vessel by a clot of fibrin or other
substance abnormally present and brought into L. fari, speak.] In rliet, the interjection into 2. To represent
in relief or raised work spe- ;

the current of the circulating medium from discourse of meaningless and usually more or cifically, in embroidery, to raise in relief by in-
some more or less distant locality. Embolism less sonorous words. serting padding under the stitches. See emboss-
commonly causes paralysis in the brain, with embolum, n. See embolon. ing.
more or less of an apoplectic shock. 4. In — embolus (em'bo-lus), n. pi. ;
emboli (-li).
the piston of a "pump, < Gr. efil3o?.o(:, masc, c/^- upon a purple ground.
[L., Exhibiting flowers in their natural colours, embossed
liturgies, a prayer for deliverance from evil, in- Scott.

serted in almost all liturgies after the Lord's Po7iov, neut., anything pointed so as to thrust in Whitewashed arcade pillars, on which were embossed
Prayer, as an expansion of or addition to its easily, apeg, stopper, etc., prop, an adj., thrown the royal arms of Castile. Lathrop, Spanish Vistas, p. 60.
closing petition, whence the name. Also embo- or thrust in, or that may be thrown or thrust
emboss^t (em-bos'), "• [,(. emboss^, V. Ct.boss'^,
in, < ifi^aXkeiv, thrust in, throw in, < iv, in, -t-
lismus.
jiakleiv, throw.] 1. Something inserted into
11.] boss a protuberance. A ;

Also embolia. In this is a fountaine out of which gushes a riverrather

embolismal (em-bo-liz'mal), a. [< embolism +
-al.] Pertaining to intercalation intercalated
inserted: as, a.n embolismal tnonth.
embolismatic, embolismatical (em-'bo-liz-
mat'ik, -i-kal), a. [Irreg. < embolism + -at-ic,
-al. The LGr. form efii'i6?.ia/ja(T-) means 'a
patch.'] EmboUsmic. Scott.
or acting within something else; that which than a streeme, which ascending a good height breakes
;
thrusts or drives, as a piston or wedge. —
2. The upon a round embosse of marble into millions of pearles.
clot of fibrin obstructing a blood-vessel, caus- Evelyn, Diary, Nov. 17, 1644.
ing embolism: as, capillary emboli. —
3. The emboss^t (em-bos'), v. t. [Appar. only in the
nucleus emboliformis of the cerebellum. following passage, in pp. embost, which appears
Also embolon, embolum. to stand for "emboskt, pp. of *cmbosTc, var. im-
emboly (em'bo-li), n. [< Gr. e/il3o>4, insertion, boslc, in other senses the proper form would ;

emboUsmic, embolismical (em-bo-liz 'mik, -mi- < f/j,'?a/.A£iv, throw in : see embolus.] Inembryol., be *embosk, < OF. embosqucr Sp. Pg. embos- =
kal), a. [< embolism + -ic, -ical.] Pertaining that mode of invagination by which a vesicu- car =
It. imboscarc, ML. imboscare, hide in a
to or formed by intercalation or insertion in- ;
lar morula or blastosphere becomes a gastrula. wood, set in ambush. The older form, ME.
It may be illustrated l)y the process of tucking half of a
tercalated; inserted; embolic. hollow india-ruliber ball into the other half, and is elTeeted enbussen, etc., appears in ambush, q. v.] To
Twelve lunations form a common year, and thirteen the by the more or leas complete inclusion of the hypoblastic conceal in or as in a wood or thicket.
emboiumic year. Grosier, Cliina (trans.). blastonieres within the epiblastic blastomeres, with tlie Like that self-gotten bird
result of the diminution or abolition of the original blasto- In the Arabian woods embost,
The [Hebrew] year is luni-solar, and, according as it is cceie, the formation of an archenteron or primitive ali-
ordinary or en^xMgmic, consists of twelve or thirteen That no second knows nor third.
mentary cavity with an orifice of invagination or blasto- Milton, S. A., I. 1700.
Itmar months, each of which has 29 or 30 days. pore, and thus the formation of a two-layered germ whose
Encyc. Brit., IV. 677.
double walls consist of a hypoblastic endoderm and an emboss^t (em-bos'), V. t. [Altered from reg.
embolismus (em-bo-liz'mus), n. [LL. embolis- epiblastic ectoderm, which is therefore a gastrula. *emboist, < OF. cmboister, inclose, insert, fas-
mus, insertion, intercalation: see embolism.] embondaget (em-bon'daj), V. t. [< em-i -I- bond- ten, put or shut up, as within a box, < en, in, +
Same as embolism, 4. age.] To reduce to bondage; enslave. boiste, mod. P, boite, a box : see boist^, bushel\
 ; :
; ; ;
;; ; : ;

emboss 1893 embrace

hox^. Ci. embottement aad embox.'i To inclose the very middle, a fair mount, with
I wish, also, in The embowered laues, and the primroses and the haw-
threp ascents and alleys, which I would have to be thorn. D. G. Mitchell, Bound Together, i.
as in a box ; incase ; sheatiie. . . .

perfect circles, without any bulwarks or embogsmeiits.

A knight her mett in mighty arnies embost. Bacun, Gardens (ed. 1887). embowl (em-bol'), V. t. [< e»j-i + botcl^.'] To
Speiuer, i\ Q., I. iii. 24. 3. Relief; raised work. form into or as into a bowl; give a globular
The knight his thrillant spcare againe aasayd The gold eniiiossment might indeed have been done by
form to. [Rare.]
In liU bras'piatetl body to emhosse. another, but not these heads, so true to the life, and of an Long ere the earth, 'emboui'd by thee,
Spenser, F. Q., I. xi. 20. ait so far beyond any ability of mine, that I am tempted Beare the forme it now doth l>eare
sometimes to thiuk that he is in league with Vulcan. Yea, thou art God for ever, free
embossed (em-bosf), p- «• [Formerly also im- H'. Ware, Zenobia, I. 65. From all touch of age and year.
basKiil, embost, imbost; < ME. einbosed (def 6) .
The admission ticket for the City festival was a rich em- Sir P. Sidney, Ps. xc.
pp. of (iiiboss^, t'.] 1. Formed of or furuislied boitgiaent from a specially cut die in the old French style embowmentt (em-bo'ment), n. [< embow +
with bosses or raised figures : as, embossed lea- of Louis W\. First Year of a Silken Keiffn, p. 64, note. -nicnt.] Anarch; a vault.
ther; embossed v.-Titing. —
2. In 6o<., projecting embottlet (em-bot'l), t>. t. [< cm-l + bottle'^.'] The roof all open, not so much as any enibou^n^nt near
in the center like the boss or umbo of a round To put in a bottle; confine iu a bottle; bottle. any of the walls left. i'acoij, Nat. Hist., § 249.
shield or target.— 3. Swollen; puffed up. Stironi, firmest fruit, embox (em-boks'), V. t. [< e»i-l -I- 6ox2. Cf.
All the embomed sores, and headed evils, Embattled (long as Priameian Troy emboss^.'] To inclose in a box ;box up; specifi-
That thou with licence of free foot hast caught, Witlistootl the Greeks) endures, ere justly mild.
J. Philips, Cider,
cally, to seat or ensconce in a box of a theater.
Wouldst thou disgorge into the general world. ii.

Shak., As you Like it, ii. 7.

[Rare.]
embouchure (on-bo-shiir'), «. [F., < embottclier,
Emboxed, the ladies must have something smart.'
4. In entom., having several plane tracts of any put into the mouth, refl flow out, discharge: Churchill, Rosciad.
shape elevated above the rest of the surface see cmbogue.] 1. The mouth of a river, etc.
said of the sculpture of insects. 5. In glass- — the point of discharge of a flowing stream.
emboyssementf «. Middle English form o£
, A
ambusbmcitt.
decoration, grained. —
6t. [The particular allu- We approached Pite^ at sunset. The view over the
Then shuln ye euermo countrewaite embot/sseinents, and
sion in this use is uncertain perhaps to the broad emhouchure of the river, studded with islands, was
; alle espiaile. Chaucer, Tale of Melibeua.
quite picturesque. B, Taylor, Northern Travel, p. 180.
bubbles of foam which "emboss," as it were,
At the entrance to Wolstenholme Sound, which, like embrace^ (em-bras'), v. ; pret. and pp. embraced,
the animal's mouth, or else to its puffed cheeks.
most of these inlets, fonns the embouchure of a glacier- ppr. embracing. [Formerly also imbrace; <
See the extract from the " Babees Book" under
Foaming at the mouth and panting,
river. Schley arul SoUy, Rescue of Greely, p. 6. ME. embracen, enbracen, enbrasen, < OF. cm-
emboss^.']
as from exhaustion with running a hunting
2. Amouthpiece. Specifically— (ot)Thenietalmount- bracer, F. embrasser Pr. embrassar OSp.= =
term formerly applied to dogs and beasts of the
:
ing of the opening of a purse. (6) In musie : (1) The embrasar, embrqsar (Sp. abra:ar}, embrace, =
chase.
mouthpiece of a wind-instrument, especially when of met-
al. (2) The a<lju8traent of the mouth of the player to
Pg. embrasar, take n the arm, as a buckler, =
such a mouthpiece. The intonation of certain instru- It. imbracciare, embrace, < ML. imbrachiare,
Anone vppon as she these wordis aaide, take in the arms, embrace, < L. in, iu, -I- brachi-
ments, su<-h as the French honi, depends largely upon the
Therconie an hert in att the channlKr dore
All emboied. Generydet (E, E. T. 8.X L SO. player's emlxiuchure. um, arm: see feracel.] I, trans. 1. To take,
emboundt (em-bound' ), V. t. [< ciH-i -f- bound^.] grasp, clasp, or infold in the arms ; used abso-
Like dastard Carres that, having at a bay
liie salvage beast emfxuft in wearie ebace,
To shut in ; inclose. lutely, to press to the bosom, as in token of af-
Dare not adventure on the stubbornc pray, That sweet breath. fection; hug; clip.
Ne byte before. Spenser, l\ g.. III. i. 2-i
Which was embminded iu this beauteous clay.
Shak., K. John, iv. 3. And but as he enbrased his horse nekke he hadde fallen
Hnntsnian. charge thee, tender well my hounds
I to the erthe all vp-right. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 331.
Brach Merriman, the poor cur is einboss'd, embow (em-bo'), t'. [Formerly also imbotc
*.
Sir, I think myself happy in your acquaintance and
Shak., r. of the S., Ind., i. < e/«-t bow^.] + To form like a bow; arch; before we part, shall entreat leave to embrace you.
;

I am emboKt
bend; bow. [AJchaic] Cotton, in Walton's Angler, ii. 226.
With trotting all the streets to And Pandolfo. 1saw a bull as white as driven snowe. Strong .Son of God, immortal Love,
J. Tomkiint (?), Albumazar. With gilded lionies. embtneed like the moone. Whom we, that have not seen thy face,
Embossed velvet. Same as raited velcet (which see, un-
Spenser, Visions of the World's Vanity. By faith, and faith alone, embrace.
Tennyson, III Memoriam, Int.
ikr ctr.l). For embmeed windows, I hold them of good use.
embosser (em-bos '6r), n. One who or that BacoH, Building (ed. 1887). He took his place upon the double throne,
She cast herself before him on her knees,
which embosses something used for producing
; To walk the studious cloysters pale,
Embracing his.
raised figures or impressions. And'love the hiah-emUnced roof.
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, I. 412.
With aiilick pillars massy proof.
The first form of Morse recorder was the Etubcufr. Milton, II Penseroso, 1. 157. 2. To inclose; encompass; contain; encircle.
Freeee and Sicewright, Telegraphy, p. 67.
Dejected embowed. See Ayecfed.— Embowed-con- You'll see your Rome embrac'd with fire, before
embossing (em-bos'ing), «. [Verbal n. of em- trary, in her., same hb cminter-emt>otred. You'll speak with Coriolanus. Shak., Cor., v. 2.

bii.ixi, c] 1. The art or process of producing embo'wel (em-bou'el), f. t. pret. and pp. em- ; Low at his feet his spacious plain is placed.
projecting figures or desigrns in relief hoicelcd or embotcelled, ppr. emboireliiig or em- Between the mountain and the stream embraced.
rai.sei or
upon surfaces. A common method of einltosiiing upon bowelling. [Formerly also imbotcel; < em-l + Sir J. Denham.

a woo<len surface is by driving a blunt tool inU) the wood boirel.'] 1. To inclose in another substance;
according U} the desired pattern, then planing the surface embed; bury.
down to the level of the sunken design, and afterward Deepe emtxneeld in the earth entyre.
wetting it. The moisture causea the coropresse<l portions
Spnuer, F.
forming the tU*»lgn to rise to their original height, and thus
to project from the planed surface. Embossing on leather, 2. [Equiv. to disembowel, q. v.] To remove
pajHT, or doth, as for book.coverv, hooks for the blind, the bowels or internal parts of; eviscerate.
A river sweeping round.
With gleaming curves the valley diil embrace.
And seemed to make an island of that place.
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, I. 233.
(J., VI. viii. l!i.
3. Figuratively, to take, (o) To take or receive
with willingness; accept as true, desirable, or advanta-
geous make one's own ; take to one's self as, to em-
; :

and various kinds of ornamental work, and also on metal, brace Uie Christian religion, a cause, or an opi)ortunity.
is usually effected by stamping with dies by means of an Fossils, and minerals, that th' emboirel'd earth
Displays. J. PhilijMi, Cider,
With shryfte of monthe and pennaunce sraerte
embossing- or stamping-press, or the Uwkbinders' arm- 1.
They weiie ther blis for to vmbrace.
ing-press. Emtio«snig with the nei-ille is done either by P. Hen. Death hath not struck so fat a deer to-day, Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 97.
working over a pad made of cloth, sometimes In several Tlioiigh many dearer, in this bloody fray
thicknesses, or by stuffing with w<x>l, hair, or the like, Emliowell'd will I see thee by and by ; I thought he would have embraced this opportunity of
under the threads, as In couched work. See etnbotnwj- speaking to me. Sheridan, School for Scandal, ii. 2.
Till then, in blood by nolile Percy lie.
tnaehine. Falstaf. [Rising slowly.] Embowelled ! Uihouembovel O lift your natures up
2. A raised figure or design ; an embossment. me to-day, I'll give you leave to powder me and eat me Embrace our aims work out your freedom.;

[Bare.] to-morrow. Shak., 1 Hen. IV'., v. 4. Tennyson, Princess, ii.

W. W. Known and approved for his Art of Enibalniiiig, (h) To receive or accept, though unwillingly ; accept as
For so letters. If thejr be so farre oB as thejr cannot be
having preserved the Corps of a Gentlewoman sweet and inevitable.
discerned, shew but as a doakish paper ; and all engrav-
entire Tliirteen Years, without einboteellinff. embrace this fortune patiently.
I
ings and emtfO»nnff» appear plaiu.
SUele, Grief Ala-Mode, Pref. Since not to be avoided it falls on me.
Baeon, Nat. Hist., | 8T8.
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., v. 5.
embo'weler, embo'weller (em-bou'el-6r), «.
embossing-Iron (em-bos'ing-i'tm), n. A tool [B'onuorly also imhoieflir, imhoweller; < emboic- Thurio, give back, or else embrace thy death
••niplcnccrto produce a grained surface on mar- Come not within the measure of my wrath.
fl, r., + -d-l.] One who disembowels.
ble Shak., T. O. of V., v. 4,
embowelment (em-bou'el-ment), «. [Former-
embossing-machine (em-bos'ing-ma-shen'), II. ly also imhotcelment ; < embowel + -ment.'] 1. 4. To comprehend; include or take in; com-
1. A systi-ni <if heated rolls, the faces of which
are cut with an ornamental design, used to im-
Evisceration. 2. pi. The bowels; viscera; in- — prise: as, natural philosophy ewfirace* many sci-
ences. —
5t. To hold; keep possession of; sway.
ternal parts.
press the design on figured velvets and other Even such a passion doth embrace my bosom
What a dead thing Is a clock, with its ponderous em-
—
:

fabrics. 2. A
machine for ornamenting wood- boicetments of leatl and brass. Lamb, Old Benchers. My heart beats thicker than a feverous pulse.
surfaces by pressing hot molds upon the wet Shak., T. and C, iii. 2.

wooil and burning in the pattern, the charcoal embcwer, imbcwer (em-, im-bou'tr), r. [< e»i-i, 6f To throw a protecting arm around ; shield.
im-, + botrcr^.'i I. intrans. 1. To lodge or rest
.

being afterward removed, in some machines en- Seehow the heavens, of voluntary grace
graved rolls are used in place of stamps, and the wood is in or as in a bower. And s<iveraine favor towards chastity,
steamed and passed between the rolls while hot. The small birds, in their wide lioughs embojerinrf, Doe succor sendto her distressed cace ;

3. Amachine for embossing an ornamental de- Chaunted their sundrie tunes with sweet consent. So much high God doth innocence embrace.
sign oil boot- and shoe-fronts. Sj>enser, tr. of Virgil's Guat, 1. 225. Spenser, F. ()., III. viii. 29.

embossing-press (em-bos'ing-pres), n. An ap- 2t. To form a bower. Milton. 7. In bot., to clasp with the base as, a leaf em- :

paratus for stamping and embossing paper, trans. To cover with or as with a bower
n, bracing the stem. —
8. In zooL, to lie closely
cardtxiard, book-covers, leather, etc., and for shelter with or as with foliage form a bower ; in contact with (another part), imperfectly sur-
erasing checks by destroying the texture of the for. rounding it. Thus, elytra are said to embrace the abdo-
paper on which they are written. A shady bank. men when their edu'cs are turned over the abdominal
embossment fem-bos'ment), ». emboss^ + Thick over-head with verdant root imimrer'd. margins wings in repose embrace the body when they
;
[< Millon, P. L., ix. 1938. are <-losely appressed to it, curving down over the sides.
-i«<-;if.J The act of embossing or forming
1.
A small Indian village, pleasantly emfto?wr(?rf in a grove II. intrans. To join in an embrace.
protuberances or knobs upon ii surface; the of spreading elms. Irving, Knickerlwcker, p. 96,
state of being cmlxissed or studded. — 2. A And the silent isle imbo^ters Embracing,
While we stood like fools
out they came,
. . .

prominence liko a boss; a knob or jutting The l-ady of Shnlott. Trustees and Aunts an<l Uncles.
point. Tannytun, Lady of Sbalott Tennyson, Edwin Morris.
 embrace 1894
embrace^ (em-bras'), n. [Formerly also »m- embrail (em-bral'), r. t. [< e»j-l + brail.'] N'aut.,
brace; from the verb.] An
inelosiire or clasp to brail up. [Rare.]
with the arms; speclfieally, a pressure to the And he who strives the tempest to disarm
bosom with the arms an embraeement a hug.
; ; Will never first embrail the lee yard-arm.
Falconer, Shipwreck, ii.
Now my embracei ftre for queens and princesses,
For ladies of high mark, for divine beauties. embranchement (F. pron. on-bronsh'mou), n.
Fletcher {and aiiotherl). Prophetess, iii. 1. [F. see embranchment.]
: Same as embranch-
RoU'd in one another's arms, and silent in a last embrace. ment; specifically, one of the main branches
Tennyson, Loclfsley Hall. or divisions of the animal kingdom a branch, ;

embrace^ (em-bras'), v. t. [< OF. embraser, em- phylum, or subkingdom.

hrucer, F. embraser, set on fire, kindle, inflame, Tlio embranchement or sub-kingdom Mollusca.
incite, instigate, < en- +
braise, live coals: see E. Ii. Lankester, Encyc. Brit., XVI. 632.

braize^. Hence embracer^, embracery.'] In law, embranchment (em-brinch'ment), 11. [< F. em-
to attempt to influence corruptly, as a court or braiichemen t, a branching out, a branch, < em-
jury, by threats, bribes, promises, services, or brancher, branch, < en- +
branche, branch: see
entertainments, or by any means other than branch.] A
branching out, as of trees; ramifi-
evidence or open argument. cation; division.
Punishment for the person embracing [the embracerj is This Fraternity with its ernbranchments.
by fine and imprisonment ; and for the juror so embraced, D. G. Mitchell, Bound Together, v.
if it be by taking money, the punishment is (by divers
statutes of the reign of Edward III.) perpetual infamy, embrangle, imbrangle (em-, im-brang'gl), v. t.;
imprisonment for a year, and forfeiture of the tenfold pret. and pp. embrangled, imbrangled, ppr. em-
value. Btackstone, Com., IV. x. brangling, imbrangUng. [< ew-l, im-, + 'bran-

embraced (em-brasf), ». a. In her., braced gle^.] To mix confusedly; entangle.

together; tied or bound together. I am lost and embrangled in inextricable difficulties.
Bp. Berkeley, quoted by J. Ward, Encyc. Brit., XX. 66.
embraeement (em-bras'ment), n. [Formerly
also imbracement ; < F. emUrassement, < embras- Physiology imbrangled with an inapplicable logic.
Coleridge.
ser, embrace: see embrace a,nd -ment.] 1. The
The half-witted boy undertaking messages and
act of embracing ; a grasp or clasp in the arms; little
. . .

helpful odds and ends for every one, which, how-

a hug; an embrace. [Obsolescent.] ever,poor Jacob managed always hopelessly to embrangle.
T. Hughes, Tom Brown at Eugby, i. 3.
These beasts, fighting with any man, stand upon their
hinder feet, and so this did, being ready to give me a embranglement (em-brang'gl-ment), n. [< em-
shrewd embraeement. Sir P. Sidney.
brangle + -ment.] Entanglement.
I should freelier rejoice in that absence wherein he won embrasor, n. See embracer^.
honour than in the embracements of his bed, where he
would show most love. Shak., Cor., i. 3. embrasure^ (em-bra'zur; in military use, em'-
bra-zur), n. [< F. embrasure, an embrasure,
Soft whisperings, embracemejUa, all the Joys
And melting toys orig. the skewing, splaying, or chamfreting of
That chaster love allows, a door or window, < OF. embraser, skew, splay,
B. Jonson, Masque of Hymen, or chamfer the jambs of a door or window (mod.
They were all together admitted to the embraeement, F. ebraser, splay), < en- + braser, skew, cham-
and to kiss the feet of Jesus. fret.] 1. In arcA., the enlargement of the ap-
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 346. erture of a door or window on the inside of
2. The act of taking to one's self ; seizure ; ac- the wall, designed to give more room or admit
ceptance. [Rare.] more light, or to provide a wider range for bal-
listic arms.
Such a benefactour is Almighty God, and such a tribute
he requires of us a ready einbracement of, and a joyful!
; Meanwhile apart, in the twilight gloom of a window's
complacency in, his kindness. Barrow, Worlts, I. viii. embrasure.
Sat the lovers, and whispered together.
He shows the greatness Longfellow, Evangeline, i. 3.
Of his vast stomach in the quick embraeement
Of th' other's dinner. Ford, Lady's Trial, ii. 1. 2. In fort., an opening in a wall or parapet
Extent of grasp ; comprehension ; capacity. through which guns are pointed and fired the ;
3t.
Nor can her [the soul's] wide embracements filled be. I

Sir J. Davies, Immortal, of Soul.

embracer^ (em-bra 's6r), n. [Formerly also S^vli' Plan V

imbracer; < embrace + -eri.] One who em-
/

braces.
The Neapolitan is accounted the best courtier of ladies,
and the greatest embracer of pleasure of any other people.
Howell, Letters, I. i. 39.

embracer^, embraceor (em-bra's6r, -sor), «.

[Also embrasor; < OF. embraceor, embraseor,
embrasour, embraseur, one who sets on fire, an
incendiary, fig. one who inflames or incites, <
embraser, embracer, F. embraser, set on fire, kin-
dle, inflame, incite, instigate: see embrace^."]
In law, one who
practises embracery.
embracery (em-bra's6r-i), M. [Formerly also
imbracery ; < OF. (AF.) *embracerie, < embraser,
embracer, set on fire, kindle, inflame, incite, in-
stigate: see embrace^.] In law, the offense of
attempting to influence a jury or court by any
means besides evidence or argument in open
court, such as bribes, promises, threats, per-
suasions, entertainments, or the like. It involves
the idea of corruption attempted, whether a verdict is
given or not, or whether the verdict is true or false.
embracing (em-bra'sing), p. a. Comprehen-
sive; thorough. [Rare.]
The grasp of Pasteur on this class of subjects [ferments]
was embraeiTiff. Tyndall, Life of Pasteur, Int., p. 24.

embraci'7e (em-bra'siv), a. [< embrace + -ive."]

Given to embracing; caressing. [Rare.]
Not less kind inher way, though less expansive and
embrative, was Madame de Montcontour to my wife.
Thackeray, Newcomes, Ivii.

embraid^t (em-brad'), V. t. [Early mod. E. also

embread; < eiw-l + braid^.'] To braid.
Her golden lockea, that late in tresses bright
Embreaded were for hindring of her haste,
Now loose about her shoulders hong undight,
Spemer, ¥. Q., III. vi. 18.

embraid^t (em-brad'), v. t. [Early mod. E. also

embrayde; < ew-1 + braid'^, 5.] To upbraid.
To emtrraide them with their vnbelief, by this exaumple
of a man being bothe a heathen and a souldier.
J. Udall, On Luke vii.
 ;

embroid 1895
This woful lady ylerned had in yonthe embryo
embroidery-paste (em-broi'dfer-i-past), n. An
So that she werken and embroicden couthe.
Chaucer, Good Women, adhesive mixture used in embroidery n.
intrans. To faU or sink to the condition
2352. I. to make 01 a brute.
embroider (em-broi'der), t. t. [Formerly also materials adhere together, and also to stiffen
tmbroider, embroder, imbroder; extended with *|J^<'^^embroideryat the back. IHct. of Needle- The soul grows clotted by contagion
imbodies, and imbrutes, till she quite
-er,as in braider, q. v., after broidery, embroi- Ihe divine property of her first being. lose
ders, from earlier embroid.'] embroilif (em-broil'), r. t. [< m-l broin +
1. To decorate Milton, Comus,
with oniameutal needlework. See embroidery. Appar. confused with enibroiPJ]
1. 468.
To broil; embryo (em 'bri-6), n. and a. [Formerly also
His garment was disguysed very vayne, embno (also embryon, formerly also
And his embrodered Bonet sat awry. embrion);
"'"brion = Pg. embryao =
Speiuer, F. Q., III. lii. 9. i :J^^'"'.^rf^-
embnow;, < NI.. embi-yon,
Jt.
Thou Shalt embroider the coat of flue linen. erroneously taken,
appar. at first by French writers,
Ex. xiTiii. 39. only to embroU and consume
as embryohi-),
the sacrilegious invadere as If from a Gr. *efillpi,6v,
Some inbndmd with white beads, some with Copper but properly emi
other painted after their manner. ,
Decay 0/ Christian Piety. 6r^o» (reg. L. *e«ibryum), < Gr.
.
lfil3pvov (stem
Capt. John Smith, Tme Travels, I. 130. embrqil2 (em-broil'), ,;. t. [< OF. embroillir, ^flJpv-) the embryo, fetus, also
applied to a
To work with the needle upon a ground: ^'*';<'«,'«'>> become troubled, conl newly born animal, neut. of e/j/Spvoc,
2. f!^lA or' soiled,
fused, growing in,
produce or form in needlework, as a flower, a later and mod. F. embrouiUer "' '?• +/P''fn'r swell, be full.] I.
i «. 1 The
cipher, etc.: as, to embroider silver stars
on
(= Sp. embrollar =
Pg. embrulhar It. imbro- = fecundated germ of an animal in its earlier
gltare), entangle, confuse, stages of development, and
velvet.
ler, confuse, jumble:
embroil, < en- brouil- + before
sumed the distinctive form and structure
it has as-
The whole ChappeU covered on the ontside with see broilKl 1. To mix of the
cloth up or entangle; intermix confusedly;
of Tissue the gift, as appeareth by the arms
itnbroydered involve.
:

thereon, of the tloreiitine. [Bare in this literal use.]

Sandye, Travailes, p. 132.
Omitted parap-aphs embroild the
3. Figuratively, to embellish; decorate with sense,
w 1th vain traditions stopp d the gaping
verbal or literary ornament: hence, to falsify fence.
Dryden, Kellgio Laici, L 266.
or exaggerate as, the story has been consider-
ably embroidered.
:

wilS^,aKdTg%"„'r'"" " ^-« • • • - «J^'»^

None of his writings are so agreeable to us as
his Let- 2. To
involve in contention or trouble
by dis-
tei», particularly those which are written
with earnest- cord; disturb; distract.
ness, and are not embroidered with verses.
I had no design to embroU
Macaulay, Frederic the Great. my kingdom in civil war.
£ilmn Basilike.
embroiderer (em-broi'd6r-6r), ». One who em,
broiders, in any sense of the word. whole
wnoie people
^nl^flfr'Jh' ^ """"^ ""^ P"* *" confusion his
for the peryersness of a few.
Their fm*rodcr«r»are very singularworkemen. who Milton, Eikonoklastes xxvi
much work
in gold and silver. Coryat, Crudities, I. 122.
prev"iKh^t"^'J„'7"
prevails
"•*
that embroUt communities
"^
inf<l>'»Iity of intellect that
^"'"^ "l"' *° employ my pen In correcting this more than any thing
—ifSj
Jw^roid«-«-, who has stuffed his writings with so many irving, Knickerbocker, p. leiT
lies that those who bear him the embroil2t (em-broil'), n. [< embroil2, ».] Per-
least iU-wiU are lorceu
forced
to blush at his fopperies and toves.
confusion; embarrassment. Shaftes-
North, Life of Qvonlambec. ^ir'"
embroidery (em-broi'd6r-i), n. pi. embroider- What an embroU had made
; . it Parliament
In nnf „«.
art of iL^f:l''l^'.J^*«'-
tL^:'^^;,,
The working with the needle
WAry.J 1^
toconjecture. —
Air"I^ArExam:n';''p.^
'>""•, jvAamen,
^v-^'
Is
p. oog.
raised and embroilment (em-broil'ment), n. [< OF. (and
ornamental designs in threads of sUk, cotton t.)embro,ulleme»t (= Pg.'embrulhameiito
gold, silver, or other material, upon
any woven ^
= It. Early

l^t'n^i'T"^\ ^"iir "'"'"'> embroil: see em-

,'e»'''«J' paper, etc. Embroidery ha. been
-t^ri"'
^.'' :ET" '/" """ decoration of hanging ™d^ th^t
the
*^ ^''*' "<'*
T^"--^ °' embroiling, or
state of being embroiled; a state c.?' c''5Lm,^°S^„t^i'"'-J-i- "«',«°"ic t™„k orcardiac aorta
:
ments used '"'' '"'''?''' "'»«<'s s. subclavian »«»:
for sUtues of divinities or In
monials: but Its use In ordinary
re^ous «Se-
dreu waa^lScUllJX tention perplexity, or confusion;
entanglement.
of con-
disturbance; '
ri- i-v'erabS artJJJ"?
- nidden),' ^, t-
areh hidcZ;,
arcn V
irterv and vein, trntnii f^™ /; .1 i.:.i_'
;

?' *^* .^°'?'*^ "^^^ *he persistent

,'
'
subvertebra aorta; c. o' omDhalfi-
1

. "»"pna o-

CTtlrelyomaniented with the needle wm

worn bytho« He (the Prince of Orange; was not
^.^^,r»
"^ "",""', .""•"• "'"' henUdry
tunity for embroidery upon the snrts^U
offered an oppcS^ new embroUment, but rather wished it. apprehensive
i"^""""""^ of a
°' »
and UbuSiof £p. Burnet, Hist.
menat-arms The nations of Persia »d the
exUtmeEaSt
Own Times, an. 1678. portal veiii, z>i., the ductus venosus: DC, a ductus Cuvicrl tK
are the greatest master, of embroidery
In modem SmS.
A. minister to England during the war
he [Adamsl had "s;Tc^ruUsr.!fn-.%^^srufA'-g,-'^^^^^
w »M T"'' °"i
which
for
'""'""
see eiuhmere
and
•" 'he Weet u the
ehudder.
InSa^^
•""i, th?^'u^^'?rn"J^,'"'
the 1'"
country from a foreign """il^ ""<» dh«ritloS^ save
embroilment.
2. A design produced or worked according
to
G. S. Merriam, S. Bowles, II. 180. parent; a germ; a rudiment; in a
more ex-
embronzef (em-bronz'), v. t. [< em-l -I- brome.-\ tended sense, a rudimentary animal during
its
10 form or represent in bronze, as a statue. whole antenatal existence, in the
y°«"W"l t«'n their vow. expiew'd later stages of
ii^Jf t*"!?
H ith feather, crownd, with gay embroidery dreisd. '" "«' ""'' the mamma sg^e, cr-
Will you in largesses exhaust your
store.
aiw" uf„T"'' '^JT^'"'^
"'"/"","' ™mmonly takes the place of embryo.
Poft, Temple of Fame. That you may proudly stalk the Circus InVi,^».
In the cases of oviparous animals, the
o'er temi embrvo nron-
°' "•« '•ebert material, covered with '"e Capitol embromd may stand erly covers the whole course of development o/thef?
yJ^Vr°"L^Si^
lace and enOmMery; corked shoe., o ','?.
spoil d of your fortune and patenial land ?
puitolles or sIlDnera! "!' "^ (""kh see, a?d see cut under
',"
onuimenud to the utmost of tlh^r'll!i^s?aSd Francis, tr. of Horaces Satires, Z'.'ift^'if tT!' •'«« rantained an embryo ready to
travacance was anxiously followed by men of hlTeT- ii.
h»t^h^H w® "'"' '
''*J','
all class« embrothelt (em -broth 'el), '»o«?. though now common, extension
FairhoU,
V. t. [< m-l -f- of H,; t."/„^ ?^
" 'irPJ."*!'" ^'""'""» ''"™' »'«8es of some
I. 266. bnthef^.] To inclose or harbor in a brothel. ?Mv.rt.V;",''
invertebrates, which in the course of their transformation
3. Variegated or diversified ornamentation [Kare.] are frequently so different from the
especially by the contrasU of figures parent as to be de
and col- Men which choose
ors; ornamental decoration. ^w practice for mere gain, boldly repute
larval stage) of a cestoid
worm.
As if she contended to have the embroidery Worse than «m(>ro<A«rd strumpeUproatltute. The embryo) of a man, dog, seal, bat reptile
of the earth etc ran „t
richer than the cope of the sky. B. Donne. first hardly be dUtinguished
from each other.'
yoiUOTi/rhe PenatS! '

'"'^ tmbrvidery of the meadows were helpt embroudet, embrowdet, v. t. Middle English Darwin, Descent of Man, I. 31.
**
•nli'i™''
"^ vanant.s of embroid.
2.1 i,??^""^ '•'' "*• »,
own
"»•«" 'n»ke a pretty land- 2. In 6o<., the rudimentary plant contained in
So. 4U. embrown (em-broun'),
skip of lita posMsaiona. Spectator,
im- V. [Formerly also the seed, the result of the action of pollen
upon
4. In her., a hill or mount with several copines brown; m-l + brotcn. Cf. Of/emhrunir,
< the ovule, it may be so rudimentary
as to have anna-
f'llls.-
darken,make brown or blackish, < en- -t- brun ren t ly no distinct ion of parts : but even h. its sbnpTest
t«,"'^?J"^
alUe,
Canadian, chaln-stltch, che-
brown.] I. trans. 1. To make brown fom
elotli. cordovan embrolde:^"^.- »f « 'i'lRle internode of an a.vis, which
.''"t|'«'ly
thr^,.,iift darken! ; irZ germination
upon iif develops at oneextremity a leaf or
iefv''l^t"h^JF"^='°'?
dery
embroldeiy,a kind of embrol H hence summer suns embroum the labouring with a temnnal bud, a.id a root at the other. leaves
In which pieces of cloth cut in tiie swains. In more de-
shape of leaves Fenton, To Mr. Southern. veloped embryos this initial internode
flower., etc., are sewed upon
a foundation the whole bi or caulicle (often
ing MsUted by decoratl™ edging
l"«Snd the Mke hi 2. To make dark or obscure. '='".'*'' ?''''^''> '«^''™ "t »"« end
two o? me
Z:^^:^!'
Where the unpierced shade E^w^','"™'?'"'' '?""' ''""'"^ '"tyledons, and often aii
uanish embroldvT. See DonuA.— """!"'"• Also called .ffem,. By recent au-
dery, a kind of embrolderv in which a Darned embroi- Imbroum'd the noontide bowers. lKf~U
thors J"
the term is also applied to the developed
wmewhat
-— - - —
open textile
"i-^.. inunc IS
V.--W.C fabric
backgn-uml^ a
fllk-,1 in ny
is niicfi by ttie
tl," """.He
needle with
n. intrans. To grow
Milton, P. L., It. 246. vascular cryptogams. See cuts under
oosiwre in
albumen and cotytc.
^,^^1^!^
"' '^
^ ""''« » ""Ihi and opa-,ue snrfLe n
^" " especially ied f.V wLh quire a brownish hue.
or become brown; ac- 3. The beginning or first state of anything,
aW.wP",
embrom';;^'."'
""^L*"-
Ji:f.S:,r'"" acmng-
"" -«"— «nH" ilj^'f ''''/'I'? *r^'' meanwhile, there were ... signs
while yet in a rude and undeveloped
the condition of anything which has
condition
embroidery-frame (em-broi'd6r-i-fram), n. A JwJ^"'" "' *.'"' Summer: the darkening foliage
i^e been con-
embrowmng grtia. t<msr/««ow, Kavanagf, xvlli ceived but IS not yet developed or executed
frame on which material to be embroidered
is
«™^™|W (em-br8'), rudimentary state: chiefly in the phrase in em-
fastened and stretched, so that
it may not be
v. t. An obsolete spelling bryo.
drawn in the working.
embroideiT-needle (era-broi'd*r-i-ne'dl), «. embrute (em-brdf), ; pret. and pp. embruted,
v. There were Items of such a Treaty being in
Emhrio
Auv one of various large needles or implements ppr embruUng. [Formeriy also imbrute Congrene, Way of the Worid 9
; < em-i I

+
brute.-] I. trans. To degrade to the condi-
01 iiKe character used in ornamental
needle- tion of a brute; make brutal or
like a brute:'
i^'iTSli "*"" ""'^'«* "'^'" * »»"•<' """ij^;'
Cder?^li^"?''*',P""'*«««*- The chenille em- brutalize. A little bench of heedless bishops here.
«*<"''• '"' •*> »">• ewvas. ii All the man embruted And there a chancellor in embryo.
in the swine.
mSJivT^n',"' Tl""!^
""' eye .nearly a. large a. in the Caxcthumc, Regulation of the Passions. Shemtone, Schoolmistress.
fonmT Knr ™i'' "l"^
-.ml .i?!^"'"^'!'""'' "?
•""<• ""terial. tlie needle Is Mix'd with liestial slime. Eplspermlc embryo. See ep»»j«nntc. =
thl
"•"» eye Genn,ltud,ment TheflrstofthesewordsismaiWaim svn. Fetun
•Jl''.t!" » '""?
''•'T'' for cnwhet-
an
jnd ,.,
tamlwur-work
, ; This Msence to incarnate and imbrute. liS
the «>.caired needle U in reality • That to the highth of deity aspired to the embryos of viv parous
vertcl,rates in thriateisCS
of their development, when they are more
Mil\ton, P. L., Ix. 186. subject to ob-
servation. Oenn means especially the
seed or fecundated
 embryo 1896 amendatory
ormn, and scarcely exteiuU beyoinl tlie early stages of an embryonal (em'bri-on-al), a. [< embryon + the
Contemplation generates
the latter
; action propagates. Without
defective ; without the last the fli-st
embno. Jiiuliment is simply "le specillc upiilicution of -dl. Tliis and the following forms in embryon-
fii-st is

a more general term to a germ or to the eaily, crude, or is but abortive and embryous. Feliham, Kesolves, i. 14.
•rude" stages of an embryo. are ctymologically improper, being based on
the erroneous (NL.) stem embryon- instead of
emburset, v. t. See imbnrse.
H. Being in the first or rudimentary stage
(I. embushf, ''. An obsolete form of ambush.
the proper stem embry-, embryo-.'] Of or per-
of growth or development incipient embry- An obsolete form of ambush-
taining to an embryo, or to the embryonic stage embushmentt,
; ; n.
onic as, an embryo flower.
: men t.
of an organism.
The finhnio manor of the German tribesman, with its To the cete unsene thay soghte at the gayneste.
village of serfs upon it, might therefore, if the same prac-
Embryonal masses of protoplasm. Bastian.
And sett an enbuiichement, als theme-selfe lykys.
tice prevailed, differ in three ways fi-om the later manor. The arms of men and apes, the fore legs of quadrupeds, Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3110.
Sfebohm, Eng. Vil. Community, p. 341. the paddles of cetacea, the wings of birds, and the breast-
embusyt (em-biz'i), r. t. [Early mod. E. em-
fins of fishes are structurally identical, being developed
Embryo buds, in bot, the hard no<lules which occur in from the same embryonal rudiments. besy, enbesy; < em-l + busy.] To employ; keep
the bark of the Iwecli, olive, and other trees, and are ca- J. Fiske, Cosmic Philos., I. 460. busy.
llable of developing leaves and shoots.
Embryonal vesicle, in hot., the germ-cell within the In nedyll warke raysyng byrdes in iKiwres,
embryoctony (em-bri-ok'to-ni), n. [< Gr. l,u-
embryo-sac which after fertilization is developed into the With vertue enbeaetl all tyraes and howres.
fipmv, an embryo, + destroy.]
-ktovIo, < ktcIvciv,
enibr.vo. Also called oot^/here. Skelton, Garland of Laurel.
In obstet., the destruction of the fetus lu the embryonary (em'bri-on-a-ri), o. [< embryon Whilst thus in battell they embuaied were.
uterus, as in cases of impossible delivery. -fl)')/-.]
-t- Same as embryonal. [Rare.] Spenser, F. Q., IV. vii. 29.
embryogenic (em'bri-o-jen'ik), a. Pertaining embryonate, embryonated (em'bri-on -at, emcristenet, n. A Middle English contracted
to embryogeny. -a-ted), (I. [< embryon -I- -afcl, -ated.] In the form of even-christian.
embryogeny (em-bri-oj'e-ni), n. [< 6r. f,«- state of or formed an embryo relating to
like ; The kyndenesse that myn emcristene kydde me fern sere^
fipim; an embryo, +
-ycveia, < -yevt/^, produ- an embryo ;
possessing an embryo. Syxty sitlie ich sleuthe haue for-gute hit sitthe.
cing see -geny.'} The formation and develop-
:
Piers Plowman (C), vlii. 46.
St. Paul could not mean this embryonated little plant,
ment of the embryo that department of sci-
;
for lie could not denote it by these words, "that which emeti « A Middle English form of earn. Chau-
ence which treats of such formation and devel- thou sowest," for that, he says, must die ; but this little cer.
opment. embiyonated plant contained in the seed that is sown dies emeer, «. See emir.
not. Locke, Second Reply to Bp. of Worcester.
Taxonomy ought to be the expression of ancestral de- emellt, emelf, prep. See imell.
embryonic (em-bri-on'ik), a. [< embryon
velopment, or phyloijeuy, as well as of eiiibrt/ofrenif and + emembratedt (e- mem 'bra -ted), a. [< ML.
adult structui-e. Huxley, Encyc, Brit., II. 49. -('(.] Having the character or being in the con- emembratus, pp. of emembrare, exmembrare, de-
embryogony (em-bri-og'o-ni), H. [< 6r. iji- dition of an embryo pertaining or relating to ; prive of members, < L. e, ex, out, + membrum,
fipvov, an embryo, +
-yovia, generation, < -ynvo(, an embryo or embryos hence, rudimentary ; ; member.] Gelded. Bailey, 1727.
producing, generating: see -gony.] Same as incipient inchoate : as, an embryonic animal, ; emend (e-mend'), V. t. [The same as amend,
embryogeny. germ, or cell ; embryonic development or re- which is ultimately, while emend is directly,
embryograph (em'bri-o-gr&f), n. [< Gr. i/i- searches ; an embryonic scheme ; civilization is from the L. F. emender
: = Pr. emendar = =
jipvov, embryo, +
ypa^iv, write.] An instru- in an embryonic state. Sp. Pg. emendar =
It. emendare, < L. emendare,
ment consisting of an ordinary microscope com- At what particular phase in the embryonic series is the correct, amend: see amend.] 1. To remove
bined with a camera lucida for the purpose of soul witli its potential consciousness implanted'/ is it in faults or blemishes from free from fault alter ; ;

accurately drawing the outlines of embryos and the egg? in the fcetus of this month or of that? in the for the better; correct; amend. [Rare.]
new-lwrn infant? or at five years of age?
series of sections thereof, it is also used to recon- E. R. Lankcater, Degeneration, p. 68, note B. A strong earthquake would shake them to a chaos,
struct minute morphological and histological details on fi'om wliich the successive force of the sun, rather thau
a large scale from series of microscopic sections. It was embryonically (em-bri-on'i-kal-i), adv. As re- creation, bath a little eviended them.
invented hy I'rof. His of Leipsic. gards an embryo ; as or for an embryo ; in an Feltham, Low Countries, ii.

embryographic (em"bri-o-graf'ik), a. [< em- embryonic or rudimentary manner. 2. To amend by criticism

of the text improve ;

bryugruiih + -ic. ] Drawn or graphically i-epre- the reading of: as, this edition of Virgil is
Tlie dorsal or posterior fissure is formed . about the . .

sented by means of the embryograph. seventh day, and accompanies the atrophy of tile . . .
greatly emended.
embryography (em-bri-og'ra-fi), n. [< Gr. e//- dorsal section of the embryonicnlly large canal of the spi- He [DUbner, in his edition of Arrlan] confines himself
jipvov, an embryo, +
-ypa(l>la, < ypd^eiv, write.] nal cord. M. Foster, Embryology, i. 255. almost exclusively to emending such forms, etc. as are in- ,

That department of auatomy which describes embryoplastic (em'^'bri-o-plas'tik), a. [< Gr. consistent with Arrian's own uniform usage in this same
piece. Amer. Jour. PhiloL, VII. 204.
the embryo or treats of its development. (fjiipvov, embryo, -1- Tr/aoTof, < v'/aaaciv, form.]
= S5T1. Improve, Better, etc. See amend.
embryologic, embryological (em"bri-o-loj'ik, Pertaining to the formation of the embryo.
-i-kal), a. Of or pertaining to embryology. emendable (e-men'da-bl), a. [< L. emendabiHs,
embryo-sac (em'bri-6-sak), n. [< Gr. ep-jipvov, < emendare, emend: see emend. Cf. amendable.']
Tlie homologies of any being, or group of beings, can embryo, + aduKoi;, Jj.gaceus, sac] 1. In bot.,
Capable of being emended or corrected.
be most surely made out by tracing their embryological the reproductive cell of the ovule in phanero-
development, when that is possil)le. emendals (e-men'(la,\z),n.pl. l<. emend + -al.'j —
gams, containing the embryonal vesicle. 2. In the Society of tlie Inner Temple, London,
Darwin, Fertil. of Orchids by Insects, p. 233.
In conch., same as protoconch. England, a balance of money in the bank or
embryologically (em'bri-o-loj'i-kal-i), adv. embryoscope (em'bri-o-skop), «. [< Gr. l/i- stock of the houses, for the reparation of losses
According to or as regards the laws or princi- jipmv, embryo, + okottcIi', look at.] An instru-
or other emergent occasions.
ples of embryology. ment which is attached to an egg for the pur- emendatelyt (e-men'dat-U), adv. [< *emen-
Is the hyppolais a warbler etmbryologically, or is he a pose of examining the embryo, a part of the
diitc, adj., + -hfi, after L. adv. emendate, fault-
yellow finch, connected with serins and canaries, who has shell being tirst removed, and the opening so
Kingdey, Life, II. 203. lessly, correctly, < emendatus, pp. of emendare,
taken to singing? made being hermetically closed by the appa- correct, emend: see emend.] Without fault;
embryologist (em-bri-ol'o-jist), n. [< embry- ratus, which has a glass disk in the middle correctly.
ology + -i.si.] One who studies embryos; one through which the development of the germ The prynters herof were very desirous to have the Bi-
versed in the principles and facts or engaged during the first few days of its growth may be ble come forth as faultlesse and emendatly as the shortnes
in the study of embryology. watched. of tyme for the recognysing of the same wold require.
embryoscopic em- Taverner, Dedication to the King (Bible, 1539).
(em'''bri-o-skop'ik), a. [<
embryology (em-bri-ol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. Ifijipv-
ov, an embryo, + -loyia, < ?Jytiv, speak : see bryoscope + -ic] Pertaining to the examina- emendation (em-en- or e-men-da'shon), «. [=
-ology.] That department of science which re- tion of embryos by means of the embryoscope. OF. emendation, F. emendation = Pr. Sp. emen-
lates to the development of embryos. embryotega (em-bri-ot'e-ga), n. [NL., also dacion It. emeyidasione ; < L. cmendatio(n-), < =
embryon (em'bri-on), n. and a. [Formerly embryotegium, < Gr. i/ifipvov, the embryo, + emendare, pp. emendatus, eoiTeet, emend: see
also embrion ; < F. embryon: see embryo.l I. reyog, a roof.] In bot., a small callosity near emend.] 1. The removal of errors the correc- ;

n. 1 The earlier form of embryo.

.
the hilum of some seeds, as of the date, eanna, tion of that which is erroneous or faulty; al-
etc., which in germination gives way like a lid, teration for the better; correction.
Let him e'en die we have enough beside.
;

In embrion. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1. emitting the radicle. The longer he lies in his sin without repentance or emen.
embryothlasta (em"bri-o-thlas'ta), n. [NL., dation. Jer. Taylor.
The reverence I owe to that one womb
In which we both were embrions, makes me suffer < Gr. iufSpvov, the embryo, + ffkaaro^, verbal adj. The question By what machinery does experience at
;

What's past. of d'/.aetv, break.] A

surgical instrument for the beginning divide itself into two related parts, subjec-
tive and objective? would also require emendation.
Fletcher {and another), Qiieen of Corinth, 1. 2. dividing the fetus to effect delivery. Dunglison.
J. »-ard. Mind, XII. 569.
Give me leave I have : embryotic (em-bri-ot'ik), a. Same as embry-
An emhrt/on in my brain, which, I despair not, onic. [An ill-formed word, and little used.] 2. An alteration or correction, especially in a
May be brought to fonn and fashion. text: as, a new edition containing many emen-
itagninyer, Great Duke of Florence, iii. 1. Foreseeing man would need the pressure of necessity to
dations.
call forth his latent energies and develop his embryotic
you the embryon of a mighty intellect
I perceive in capacities. Bibliotheca Sacra, XLV. 644. Containing the copy subjoined, with the emendations
which may one day enlighten thousands. atniexed to it. 0. W. Holmes, Autocrat, i.
Shelley, in Dowden, I. 230. embryotocia (em^bri-o-to'si-a), n. [NL., < Gr. = Syn. 1. Amendment, rectification, refonnation.
iufipvov, the embryo, -I- tokos, ileliveiy.] Abor- or e'men-da-tor), n. [= F.
2. {^cap."] [NXi.] In entom., a genus of leaf- emendator (em'en-
beetles, of the family Chrysomelidw, with one
tion. DiDiglison.
(em-bri-ot'o-mi), n. [< NL. *e)H-
emendatcur =
Pr. esmendador Sp. Pg. emen- =
species, E. griseovillosum, of Brazil. Thomson, embryotomy dador =
It. emendatore ; < L. emendator, a cor-
bryotomia (NGr. epjipvoTopia), < Gr. epf-ipvov, an
1857. rector, < emendare, correct, emend: see emend.]
embryo, + ro/ii^, a cutting.] 1. The dissection
n. a. Embryonic; rudimental; crude; not One who emends; one who corrects or im-
fully developed. [Archaic] of embryos; embryological anatomy. 2. In — proves by removing faults or errors, as by cor-
obstet., the division of the fetus in the uterus
Embry&n truths and verities yet in their chaos. recting corrupt readings in a book or writing.
into fragments in order to effect delivery: an
Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., ii. 5. In tlie copies which they bring us out of the pretended
operation employed, for example, when the an uncertainty and disagreement
original, there is so great
For Hot, Cold, Moist, and Dry, four champions fierce.
pelvis of the mother is too narrow to admit
Strive here for mastery, and to battel tiring betwixt them, that the Roman emendators of G ratian them-
Their e/Aitryon atoms. Milton, of natural delivery. selves know not how to trust it.
I*. L., ii. 900.
(em'bri-us), a. [< Gr. epiipvoi;, grow- Bp. Cosin, Canon of Holy Scriptures (ia;2), p. 123.
Even the beings of his creation lie before him [Shak- embryOUSt
ipere] in their emiryon state. ing in, neut. c/xfSpvov, an embryo: see embryo.] emendatory (e-men'da-to-ri), a. [= It. emen-
J. D'lgraeli, Amen, of Lit., 11. 189, Same as embryonal. datorio; < LL. cmcndatorius, corrective, < L.
 :;
: ; ;

emendatory 1897 emerod

emendator, a corrector: see emendator.'i Con- ocean the stm emerges from behind a cloud, or
; covers or surrounds coming forth or into vie'w
;

cerned with the work of emending or correct- from an eclipse; to emerge from poverty, ob- protruding.
ing; amendatory. scurity, or misfortime. That love that, when my state was now quite sunk.
Thetis, not unmindful of her son, Came with thy wealth and weighed it up again,
He had what is the first requisite to emendatory criti- Emerrfintj from the deep, to beg her boon. And made my emergent fortune once more look
cism, that intuition by whicli the Poet's intention is im- Dryden, Above the main. B. Jonson, Catiline, i. 1.
Johttson, Pref. to Shalt Pursued their track. Iliad, i.
mediately discovered.
Tlie mountains huge appear
Then from ancient gloom emerged
emender (e-men'der), n. One who emends. A rising world. Thomson.
Emergent, and their broad bare backs upheave
Into the clouds. Milton, P. L., vii. 286.
emendicatet (f-men'di-kat), r. t. [< L. emendi-
Through the trees we glide.
c<ittu^,pp. of cmeiidicare, obtain by begging, < Emerging on the green hill-side. Glimpses of temple-fronts emergent. on green hill-slopes
e, out, mendicarc, beg: see viendmoit.1 To
+ M. Arnold, Resignation. among almond-trees.
J. A. Symonds, Italy and Gi-eece, p. 187.
beg. Coekeram. Many of the univalves here at San Lorenzo were filled
emerald (em 'e-rald), n. and a. [The term, alter- and united together by pure salt, probably left by the Specifically —
(a) In bryology, rising slightly above the
perichfetium applied to the capsule. (6) In lichenology,
formerly also emerant, evaporation of the sea-spray, as the land slowly emerged. :

ed after Sp.,"lt'.", etc. ;

Darwin, GeoL Observations, ii. 268. protruding tlirough the cortical layer.
emeraud, emraud, emerod, emrod; < ME. eme- 2. Issuing or proceeding.
raude, emerade, emeraunde, < OF. esmerau.de, es- 2. To issue proceed. ;
The stoics held a fixed unalterable course of events;
merahle, F. imeraude = Pr. esmerauda, maracda, The rays emerge more obliquely out of the second re- but then they held also, that they fell out by a necessity
f., maragde, maracde, maraude, meraude, m.,
= fracting surface of the prism. Newton, Opticks. emergent from and inherent in the things themselves.
Sp. Pg. esnieralda =
It. smeraldo (ML. esmaral- 3. To come into existence ;
pass from being in South, Sermons.
dus, esmaraudiis, esmerauda, esmaraudis), < L. cause to being in act. 3. Coming suddenly; sudden; casual; unex-
smaragdus (> directly E. gmaragd, q. v.), < Gr. Contrary opposition emerges when a plurality of propo- pected ; hence, calling for immediate action or
Ofidpaydoc, sometimes jidpayio^, a precious stone sitions can severally deny the original enouncement. remedy; urgent; pressing.
Sir W. Hamilton.
supposed to be the same as what is now known She [Queen Elizabeth] composed certain prayers herself
as the emerald. Cf. Skt. marakata, marakta, an H.t trans. To immerge ; sink. [Rare ; an upon emergent occasions.
emerald.] I. n. 1. A
variety of the mineral error for immerge.'] Bacon, Collectanea of Queen Elizabeth.
beryl, having a deep, clear green color, and Their souls are emerged in matter, and drowned in the To break and distribute the bread of life according to
when transparent highly prized as a gem. The moistures of an unwholesome cloud. the emergent necessities of that congregation.
Do7ine, Sermons, x.
r;uliar shade of green which characterises tlie emerald Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 700.
probably due to the presence of a small amount of + It chanced that certain emergent and rare occasions had
emergementt (e-mferj'ment), n. [< emerge
chromium. Tlie finest emeralds come from the neighbor- devolved on him to stand forth to maintain the Constitu-
hood of Muso, in the United States of Colombia, South -ment.] Something that rises suddenly into tion, to vindicate its interpretation, to vindicate its au-
America, where they occur in veins traversing clay-slate, view ; an imexpected occurrence. thority. B. Choate, Addresses, p. 324.
hornblende-slate, and granite they are also obtained in
;

Go it would, as fast as one man could convey it in speech This is an elementary text-book, ... on the mainte-
large crystals, though of less value as genu, in Siberia,
to another all the town over it being usually observed nance of health, with the rudiments of anatomy and
and in Alexander county, Xorth Carolina. ;

physiology, and the treatment of emergent cases.

that such emergemenU disperse in rumor unaccountably.
In that Lond Men fynden many fayre Emeraudes and y Jtoger yorth, Exanien, p. 401. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXVIII. 705.
nuwe. MandevUle, Travels, p. 49.
Tbe semes echon. emergence (e-mfer'jens), n. [= F. emergence = Emergent year, the epocli or date whence any people
begin to compute time as, our emergent year is the year
As it were a maner garnishing, Sp. Pg. emcr'gencia =
It. emergenza; < L. emer- of the birth of Christ.
:

[Rare.]
Waa set with emeraudg one and one. gen{t-)s, ppr.: see emergent, a.] 1. The act of H. That which emerges or comes forth;
n.
Flower and Leaf, I. 142.
rising from or out of that which covers or con- that which appears or comes into view a nat- ;

2. The name in Great Britain of a size of print- ceals ; a coming forth or into view. ural occurrence. [Bare.]
ing-type, intermediate between minion (which We have read of a tyrant who tried to prevent the emer- No particular emergent or purchase to be employed to
is larger) and nonpareil (which is smaller), gence of murdered bodies. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err. any seuerall proflte. vntill the common stocke of the com-
and measuring 138 lines to the foot. It is not The white colour of all refracted light, at its very first panie shall be furnished. Uakluyt's Voyages, I. 228.
used in the United States. 3. In entom., one — emergence, ... is compounded of various colours.
Xewton, Opticks.
There are many ways in which the properties of a mass
from those of its molecules; the chief of these is,
of several small green geometrid moths, as the differ
The sulphate of lime may have been derived from that some properties are emergents, not resultants.
grass emerald, Pseudoterpna pruinata, and the . . .

the evaporation of the sea-spray during the emergence of G. H. Lems, Probs. of Life and Mind, II. iv. § 49.
Essex emerald, Phorodesmn smarniidiiriii—Tixa- the land. Darwin, GeoL Ob8er\'ation8, iL 273.
erald-green. •Seeyr«<n.—Llthlaemer£Lld."r emerald emergently (e-m6r'jent-li), adv. As occasion
gpodumeud, an emerald-green variety of siMxtuniciit-, also 2. In hot, an outgrowth or appendage upon demands; on emergence by emergency. ;
called hiddeniu, from Alexander county, North Carolina.
the surface of an organ, as the prickles and whetherof case or person, are to be con-
Tlie particulars,
It is used as a gem.
n. a. Of a bright green, like emerald. glandular hairs of roses. 3t. An emergency; — sidered occasionally and emergently by the judges.
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 387.
exigency.
My sliding chariot stays. But let the enurgenee be passed wlien they need my The state
Thick set with agate, and the aznm sheen emergentness (e-mfer'jent-nes), n.
0( tarkis blue and emerald green. head and hand, and they only know me as son of the or quality of being emergent. [Rare.]
obscure portioner of Glendearg. Scott, Abbot, iii.
MUtoH, Comas, L a»4. emeril (em'e-ril), n. [Earlier form of emery,
That vast expanse of emerald meadow. Maemlay. emergency (e-mfer'jen-si), n. and a. [As emer- q. v.] If. Emery.
gence : see -enee, -ency.'] I. n. pi. emergencies Wliose [Jersey's] venom-hating ground
Thro' which tbe lights, rose, amber, emerald, bine, ;

Klush'd. Tennj/mm, Palace of Art. (-siz). If. Same as emergence, 1. hath, which thou aliroad dost send.
The hard'ned emeril
Drayton, Polyolbion, i. 63.
Emerald copper. Bee diofitaae.— Emerald IBIe, Ireland Tbe emergency of colours, upon coalition of the particles 2. A
glaziers' diamond.
so called from Terdare. The epithet is said to have
its of such bodies as were neither of them of the colour of that
been first applied to it by Dr. William Drennan of Bel- mixture whereof they are Ingredients, is very well worth emeritedt (e-mer'i-ted), a. [< L. emeritus, hav-
fast, in the lieidnning of the nincteinth century, in his our attentive observation. Boyle, Colours. ing served out one's time : see emeritus.] Re-
poem called " Erin. '— Emerald nlckeL See nickel. tired from the public service after serving a full
emerald-flsh (em'c-rald-fish), n. A fish, Gobi-
2. A sudden or unexpected happening; an im- term.
ondlus oeeanicus, witfi a short, anteriorly con- foreseen occurrence or condition; specifically,
a perplexing contingency or complication of I had thehonour to lay one of the first foundation stones
vex head, and with a faint dusky streak along of that royal structure, erected for the reception and en-
circumstances.
the sides, a dark bar below the eye, and a bright- couragement of emerited and well-deserving seamen.
blue and greenwh tongue exhibiting reflections Most of our rarities have been found out by casual aner- Evelyn, III. vii. f 15.
gency. Glanmlle, Vanity of Dogmatizing, xix.
like an emerald. It is found in the Caribbean emeritus (e-mer'i-tus), a. and n. [L. emeritus,
sea and the gulf of Mexico. A man mnst do according to accidents and Emergencies. having served out one's time (originally ap-
Selden, Table-Talk, p. 116.
emeraldine (em'e-ral-din), n. [< emerald + plied to a soldier or public functionary who
The uncertainty and ignorance of things to come makes
-iH*'-.] In dyeing, a dark-green color produced the world new unto us by unexpected emergencies. had served out his time and retired from the
on fabrics printed with aniline black, by treat- Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., i. 25. public service); as a noun, one who has served
ing the pieces with acids before the black has The emergency which has convened the meeting is usu- out his time, pp. of emereri, serve out one's
been completely developed. ally of more importance than anything the debaters have time, also obtain by service, < e, out, mereri, +
emerald-moth (em'e-rald-mdth), n. A moth of in their minds, and therefore becomes imperative to
Emerson, Eloquence.
serve, earn, merit: see merit.] I. a. Having
them.
tlio genus Ilipparchug, or some related genus: served out one's time; having done sufficient
so culled from the grass-green color. 3. A sudden or unexpected occasion for action service ; discharged with honor from the per-
emerant (em'e-rant), n. and a. An obsolete or exigency ; pressing necessity. formance of public duty on account of infirmity,
dialectal (Scotcli') variant of emerald. In any case of emergency he would employ the whole age, or long service, but retained on the rolls :
wealth of his empire. Addison, Freeholder.
As still was her look, and as still was her ee. as, a professor emeritus; a rector emeritus.
As tbe stlllneM that lay on the emerant lea. 4t. Something not calculated upon; an unex- Even after he [Josiah Quincy] had passed ninety, he
Hogg, Qneen's Wake, Bonny Kilmeny. pected gain a casual profit.
; would not claim to be emeritus, but came forward to brace
his townsmen with a courage and warm them with a fire
emerase (em'e-ris), piece of armor for
fi. A The rents, profits, and emergencies belonging to a Bishop younger than their own. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 97.
the shoulder or arm, probably the gusset of the of Bath and Wells. Ileylin, Life of Laud, p. 159.

armpit. =Syn. 3. Crisis, etc. (see exigency); pinch, strait. n. ». ; pi. emeriti (-ti). '1. In Rom. hist., a
emeraud'f, emerande^t, "• and a. Obsolete Pertaining to or provided for an emer- soldier or public functionary who had served
U. a.
forms of i-mi raid. gency; dealing with or for use in emergencies: out his time and retired from service. Such
See emerod^. as, an emergency man an emergency wagon. servants were entitled to some remuneration
emeraad'-t, emeraude^t,
emerge (<)-ra6rj'), v. ; pret.
n.
and pp. emerged, ppr.
;

Everybody rememljers the events of the autumn of

answering to modem half pay. Hence 2. —
cmfn/iiig. [= P. dmerger = Pr. emcrgcr = Sp. 1880; how "boycotting" was inaugurated to coerce Cap-
One who nas served out his time or done suf-
Pg. emergir =
It. emergere, < L. emergere, rise tain Boycott, and "emernency men" were established to ficient service; one who has been honorably
out, rise up, < e, out, +
mergere, di|). merge raise tbe siege of bis farm and save his crops. discharged from public service or from a public
FoHnightly Rev., N. S., XI. 117. office, as an officer in a university or college,
see merge.] I. intrans. 1. To rise from or out
of anything that surroondg, covers, or conceals emergent (e-m6r'jent), a. and w. [= F. ^er- usually with continuance of fufl or partial
come forth; appear, as from concealment; gent =
Sp. t*g. It. emergente; < L. emergen(t-)s, emolument. [Rare.]
come into view, as into a higher position or pr. of emergere, rise out, rise up see emerge.] emerod^t, emeroidt, «•
:
[ME. emeraude, eme-
state as, to emerge from the water or from the
: I a. 1. Rising from or out of anything that rowde, etc., < OF. emmeroide, < L. hcemorrhois,
 ; ; : :

emerod 1898
n.pl. as Emesincc. emicationt (em-i-ka'shon), n. [< L. emicatio{n-),
Same
« hemorrhoid see hemorrhoid.'i Obsolete forms Emesida (e-mes'i-da),
:
+ < emicare, break forth :' see etnicant]
[NL., < Emesa spar- A
Emesidae (e-mes'i-de), n. 2>l.
of hemorrhoid. kling a flying off in small particles or sparks,
The men that died not were smitten with the tmerods. -ida'.} A family of heteropterous insects, of the I

iron or fermenting liquors.

I Sam. V. 12. reduvioid group, characterized by the extreme- as from heated
emerod^, «• An obsolete form of emerald. ly slender body, vrith filamentous middle and Thus iron in aqua fortis will fall into ebullition, with
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., ii. 5.
An cnwrod estimated at 50,000 crowns. hind legs, and spinous fore legs adapted for noise and emicatiun.
North, tr. of Plutarch, Life of Augustus. S6iziii£r* emiction (e-mik'shon), n. [< L. e, out, mic- +
A Middle English form of em- Emesinse (em-e-si'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Emesa +
tio{n-), mihetio(n-),
'<
mingere, pp. mictus, piinc-
emeroudet, ".
Chaucer. -inw.'] The typical subfamily of Emesidw, hav- <HS, urinate: see micturition.] 1. Same as wic-
enilil.
«mersed (e-m6rst'), a. [< L. emersus, pp. of ing a single claw on the fore tarsus. —
Also turition. 2. Urine. [Rare in both uses.]
emergere, rise out see emerge.'i In hot., stand-
:
Emesida. emictory (e-mik'to-ri), a. and n. [As emic-
ing out of or raised above water ; raised par- emesisi (em'e-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. Wic, a vom- tion -I- -or'y.] I.' a. Promoting the flow ot
iting, < ifiiuv, vomit: see emetic.'] In pathol.. urine.
tially above surrounding leaves: applied to
the capsules of mosses. the act of vomiting discharge from the stomach
;
II. »;
pi. emictories (-Tiz). medicine which A
emersion (e-mfer'shon), n. [< L. as if *evier- by the mouth. promotes the flow of urine.
m(>(h-) (for which emereiw, a coming out), < cme)-- Emesis'-^
(em'e-sis), n. [NL. (Fabricius, 1808).
emiddest, prep. A Middle English form of
gcre,p-p.emersus,eva.eTge: see emerge.'] 1. The Cf. Emesa.] In zool, a
genus of butterflies, of amidst.
E. fatima the typical
act of emerging; emergence: chiefly used in the family
Eryoinidw. is
Emidosanrii, n. p)l. See Emydosauria.
contrast with immersion, etc. species, and there are several others, aU South emigrant (em'i-grant), a. and n. [= P. emi-
The mersion also in water and the emersion thence, doth
American. grant =
Sp. Pg. it.'emigrante (=D. G. Dan. Sw.
figure our death to the former, and receiving to a new life. emett, «. An obsolete form of emmet. emigrant, n.), < 'L.emigran{t-)s,-pi>T.otemigrare,
Barrow, Doctrine of the Sacraments. emetia (o-me'shi-a), n. [NL., < emet{ic) +
-la.] move away, emigrate: see emigrate. Ct. immi-
Emersion upon the stage of authorship. De Quincey. Same as* emetine. grant] 1. a. 1. Moving from one place or coun-
The theory of slow emersion and immersion of conti- emetic (e-met'ik), a. and n. [Formerly emetick; try to another for the purpose of settling there
Tients and islands — some of them, at least— cannot yet
Science, VII. 303.
= F. inietique =
Sp. emetico =
Pg. It. emetico, < as, an emigrant familj; used with reference to:

be overthrown. L. emeticus, < Gr. c/ieriKdg, causing vomit, < ifie- the country from which the movement takes
2. In astron. : (a) The reappearance of a heav- Toc, vomiting, < iftelv (/ Fe/i-)
• =
L. vomere, vom- place. See immigrant.— 2. Pertaining to emi-
enly body after an eclipse or occultation; also, it: see vomit.] I. a. Induciug vomiting. gration or emigrants as, an emigrant ship.
:

the time of reappearance as, the emersion of

:
The violent emetick and cathartick properties of anti- II. n. One who removes his habitation
from
the moon from the shadow of the earth; the mony. Boyle, Works, II. 123 one place to another for settlement; specifi-
emersion of a star from behind the moon. (6) Emetic weed, the Lobelia inflata, a plant possessing cally, one who quits one country or region to
The heliacal rising of a star— that is, its reap- powerful emetic qualities, and a noted quack medicine ni settle in another.
pearance just before sunrise after conjunction some parts o( the United States. Along the Sussex roads, in coaches, in waggons, in flsh-
with the sun. Fliny, Nat. Hist, (trans. ), xviii. 25. n. n. A
medicine that induces vomiting.
carts, aristocrat emigrants were pouring from revolution-
action ^- Dowden, Shelley, I. 7.
Emersonian (em-er-s6'ni-an), a. and n. I, a. Indirect emetic, which excite vomiting by their ary France.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling Ralph Waldo on the
medulla oblongata, act also on other parts of the We are justified in taking the elder Winthrop as a type
Quoin, Med. Diet.
of the leading emigrants, and the more we know him,
nervous system. the
Emerson, an American philosopher and poet
(1803-1882), or his writings. emetical (e-met'i-kal), a. [< emetic +
-al.] more we learn to reverence his great qualities, whether
Same as emetic. [Rare.] of mind or character. „ ,oo^
To be Emersonian is to be American. Lowell, Oration, Harvard, Nov. 8, 1888.
X. A. Rev., CXXXIX. 166. emetically (e-met'i-kal-i), adv. In such a man-
Bounty emigrant. See iiOToift/.— Emljsrant aid so-
Displaying in " conversations " the Emersonian jewels ner as to excite vomiting. cieties in U. S. hist., societies formed in the
northern
and transcendental wares. Athenmum, No. 3152, p. 372. We have not observed a well-prepared medicine of duly United 'states by opponents of the extension of slavery,
even women and emigrants to Kansas
n. n. An admirer of Ralph Waldo Emerson refined silver to work emetically in girls. especially in 1854, to assist free-state
Boyle, Works, I. 330. with the means of maintaining themselves against the op.
or of his writings ; a follower of Emerson. position of slaveholding immigrants into that Territory.
(e-met'i-siz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. eniet-
It is irritating to the Emersonians to be compelled to emeticize
admit that his strain has any essential quality. icized, Tpyyr.' emeticizing. [< emetic +
-ize.] To emigrate (em'i-grat), v. i. pret. and pp. emi- ;

The Century, XXVII. 930. cause to vomit. Also spelled <?»ie<ic«se. [Bare.] grated, ppr. emigrating. [< L. emigratus, pp.

(the form of emigrare, move away, remove, depart from a

emery (em'e-ri), ». [Formerly emeril
Eighty out of the 100 patients became thoroughly ill
+ migrare, move, remove, de-
em^ry being aceom. to mod. F. imeri)\ = D. 20 were unaffected. The curious part of it is that, with place, < e, out,
emeticised subjects were men, part: see migrate. Ct.immigrate.] To quit one
amaril, < OF. emeril, mod. F. imenl and ^eri very few exceptions, the 80 who were not to be caught
while the strong-nerved few coontry, state, or region and settle in another;
= Sp. Pg. esmeril (= G. schmergel, sclimirgel, with chaff were women. remove from one country or region to another for
smirgel = Sw. Dan. smergel), < It. smeriglio Philadelphia Ledger, Deo. 31, 1887.
the purpose of residence as, Em-opeans emi-
:

<with dim. term.), < Gr. afivpii, Cfiipii (also a/iij-

(em'e-tin), n. [< emetiic), in allusion grate to America the inhabitants of New Eng-
A granu- emetine ;

pif, as if < Ofiav, wipe, rub), emery.] +

-ine^.] An alkaloid found
the species to its emetic action, land emigrate to the Western States.
lar mineral substance belonging to
alumi- in ipecacuanha, and forming its active princi- The cliff-swallow alone of all animated nature emigrates
corundum, which when pure consists of
ple. It is white, pulverulent, and bitter, soluble in hot eastward. Lowell, Fireside Travels, p. 99.
na with slight traces of various metallic oxids.
water and alcohol, and in large doses intensely emetic. From Russia none can emigrate without permission of
Emery, however, is in general not pure corundum, but me- In smaller doses it acts as an expectorant, and in still Eiu:yc. Brit., V III. 175.
the czar.
chanically mixed with more or less masnetite or hematite. smaller quantities as a stimulant to the stomach. Also
It occurs in very hard nodules or amorphous masses
in vari-
emetia. The Puritan settlers of New England emigrated at in-
ous parts of the world, but the chief supply comes from Asia , for the single purpose of founding a
(em'e-to-ka-thar tik), a. and n. finite pain and cost
Minor and the Grecian archipelago. Its principal use is emetocathartic producing truly Christian government.
l< emetic +
In wed., «i
,it 39.
in grinding and polishing glass, stone, and metal
surfaces. cathartic] I. a. A. A. Hodge, in New Princeton Eev., III.
For use the stone is usually crushed to a powder of varying vomiting and purging at the same time. = ^YD.. Immigrate, eic. See migrate.
degrees of fineness, which is attached as a coating to paper, vomitiug
II. n. In weed., a remedy producing emigratet.o. ^'L. emigratus, pp.: seethe verb.J
cloth, wood, etc. The solid stone itself, however, is some-
times used, worked into suitable shape. — Corn emery, and purging at the same time. Having wandered forth; wandering; rovmg.
the coarsest grade of emery, used in machine-work. emetology (em-e-tol'6-ji), n. [< Gr. iueroc, vom- But let our souls emigrate meet,
emery-board (em'e-ri-bord), ». Cardboard- iting (see emetic), +
-^oyia, < ^.iyeiv, speak: see And in abstract embraces greet.
pulp mixed with emery-dust and cast in cakes. -ology.] The medical study of vomiting and Gayton, Notes on Don Quixote, p. 228.
emery-cake (em'e-ri-kak), n. A preparation emetics. emigration (em-i-gra'shon), n. [= D. emigratie
of emery used upon the surfaces of buff- and emetomorphia (em'e-to-mdr'fi-a), «.
[L., < Gr.
=G. Dan. Sw. emigration, < F. imigration = bp.
glaze-wheels. It is composed of emery mixed £/icrof, vomiting (see emetic), +NL. morphia.] emigracion Pg. emigragao = =
It. emigrazione.<
with suet and beeswax. Same as apomorphine. LL. emigratio(n-), a removal from a place, < L.
«mery-cloth (em'e-ri-kl6th), ».• Afabric coated emeu, «. See emu^. emigrare, move away, emigrate: see emigrate.]
with hot glue and'<iusted with powdered emery, 6meute (F. pron. a-m6t'), n. [F., a disturbance, 1. Removal from one countrj' or region to
emovere,
used for smoothing metallic surfaces. riot, < L. emota, tern, of emotus, pp. of another for the purpose of residence, as from
emotion.]
emery-paper (em'e-ri-pa"p6r), n. Paper pre- move, stir, agitate, disturb see emove, :
Europe to America, or from one section of the
pared nke emery-cloth. A seditious commotion; a riot; a tumult; an United States to another.
emery-stick (em'e-ri-stik), n. Astick covered outbreak. emigrations from
with emery-grains or emery-dust, used for fa- emew, ». See emu't-.
cing or polishing metal surfaces. E. M. F. In elect., a common abbreviation
,, ^.
ott
I hear that there are considerable
France and that many, quitting that voluptuous
;

and that seductive Circean liberty, have

climate
taken refuge in
despotism of
under BritUh
emery-stone (em'e-ri-ston), n. Amixture of electromotive force. the frozen
Canada.
regions, and the
Burke, Rev. m France.
gum shellac and "emery or emery and clay, In a circuit of uniform temperature, if metallic,
the
the Irish emigra-
used for emery-wheels. sum of the E. M. F. zero by the second law of thermo- 2. A
body of emigrants : as,

emery-wheel (em'e-ri-hwel), n. A grindmg- dynamics.

is
Nature, XXX. 695. tion. —3. A
going beyond or out of the accus-
or polishing-wheel the face of which is coated emfortht, prep. A
Middle English contracted tomed place.
transvola-
with emery, is covered with emery-cloth or em- form of evenforth. Chaucer. For however Jesus had some extraordinary
of his even
tions and acts of emigration beyond the times
ery-paper, or is formed of emery-stone. Some- emgalla, emgallo (em-gal'il, -6), «. [Native ordinary conversation, yet it was but seldom.
and
times called corundum-wheel. African.] The wart-hog of southern Africa, Jer. Taylor, Great Exemplar, An Exhortation, §
12.

Emesa (em'e-sa), n. [NL. (Fabricius, 1803), < L. Phacochoerus (elhiopicus. It is doubtful whether there is any
addition caused by
Emesa, Gr. "Efl'eaa, a city of Syria, now Hews.] emicantt (em'i-kant), a. [< L. emican( t-)s, ppr. emigration of white corpuscles from the blood-vessels.
The typical genus of the family Emesidw. E. of emicare, break forth, spring out, become con- Proc. Jloy.Soc.,XX\\ ill. 91.
longipes is a common species in the United spicuous, < e, out, + micare, quiver, sparkle emigrational (em-i-gra'shon-al), a. [< emigra-
see mica.] Beaming forth; sparkling; flying tion + -al] Relating to emigration.
e'mesid (em'e-sid), a. and n. I. a. Pertaining off like sparks issuing rapidly. ;
emigrator (em'i-gra-tor), n. [< emigrate + -or.]
to or having the characters of the family Eme-
fauna. P. Here thou almighty vigour didst exert An emigi-ant. [Rare.] . ,-. ,
sidw : as, an emssid bug an ; emesid Which emicant did this and that way dart. 6migr6 (a-me-gra'), n. [F., pp. oi emtgrer,
<.

£. Uhler. Through the black bosom of the empty space. emigrare, emigrate: see emigrate.] An emi-
Sir H. Blackmore, Creation, vii. L.
n, n. One of the Emesid<e.
 ! ;; :
; ; ;

dmlgrd 1899 emissitious

grant: applied specifically to those persons, of eminere, stand out, project, excel, < e, out, + 3. In Turkey, with a specific designation of
chiefly royalists, who became refugees from tnitiere, project, jut. Of. imminent, prominent.'] office or duty, a head of a department of gov-
France during the revolution which began in 1. Prominent; standing out above other things; ernment a chief officer.
;

1789. high; lofty. [Now rare.] emirate (e-mer'at), n. [< etnir + -ate^.] The
A decree of the convention had issued against Talley- Thys Jherusalem ys a ffayer Emynent Place,
Citie of office or rank of an emir.
rand during his stay in England. He was an imigri. for it stondith vpon suche a grounde. That from whens so emissarium (em-i-sa'ri-um), ». pi. emissaria ;
Eneyc. BrU., XXIII. 31. ever a man comyth ther he must nedys ascende. (-a). [NL., neut. of L. emissarius, taken in lit.
Torkington, Diarie of Eng. Travell, p. 37.
Emilian (e-mil'ian), a. [< It. Emilia (see def .), sense: see emissary.] In anat., an emissary
so called from tHe Via Emilia, < L. Via JSmilia, Both sides of the Kings Chariot were adorned with (def. II., 3); specifically, an emissary vein.—
Images of gold and siluer two being most eminent among
a road (an extension of the Via Flaminia) which them the one, of Peace, the other, of Warre.
;
Emissarium Santorlnl, or emissarium parietale.
;
emissary veins, under emissary.
.See
traversed the heart of Cisalpine Gaul, built by Purchae, Pilgrimage, p. 373.
M. JEmilius Lepidus, Roman consul, 187 B. C] Mischief, 'gainst goodness aim'd,
emissary (em'i-sa-ri), a. and n. [= F. ^issaire
Relating or pertaining to Emilia, a comparti-
is like a stone.
Unnaturally forc'd up an eminent hill, = Sp. emisario =
Pg. It. emissaria, n., < L. emis-
Whose weight fails on our heads and l)unes us. sarius, sent out (as adj., first in LL.), as a noun,
mento or general geographical division of the
kingdom of Italy, lying north of the Apennines Fletcher {and another). Queen of Corinth, iv. 4. a scout, spy, emissary, inLL. also an attendant,
The two children < L. emittere, pp. emissus, send out: see emit.]
and south of the Po, and named from the an- tumbled laughing over the
. . .

cient Via .Emilia, or Emilian Way, which
passes through it. It comprises the northern
part of the former Papal States (the Romagna)
and the former duchies of Parma and Modena.
eminence (em'i-nens), «. [= D. eminentie G.
einiitenz =
Dan. eminence =
Sw. eminens, < OF.
eminence, F. eminence =
Pr. Sp. eminencia
eminema, < L. eminentia, excellence, promi-
nence, < eminett{t-)s, excellent, prominent, emi-
nent: see eminent.'] 1. A part rising or pro-
jecting beyond the rest or above the surface
something protuberant or prominent a pro-
grassy mounds wWch were too eminent for the short legs 1. a. 1. Emittmg; sending out; fvimishing an
to i>e8tride. Haivthome, Doctor Grimshawe, i. outlet. —
2. Of or pertaining to one sent on a
2. High
in rank, office, worth, or public esti- mission; exploring; spying.
mation conspicuous ; highly distinguished
; You shall neither eat nor sleepe
= said of a person or of his position as, an emi- : No, nor forth your window peepe
With your emissarie eye.
nent station; an eminent historian or poet. It
B. Jonson, Underwoods, No. 8.
It. = is rarely used in a bad sense.
Emissary veins (emissaria Santorini), the veins travers-
Censure is the tax a manpays to the public for being ing the cranial walls, and connecting the veins on the
eminent. Swift, Thoughts on Various Subjects. outside of the skull with the sinuses of the dura mater.
These objections, though sanctioned by eminent names, n.n. ; pi. emissaries (-riz). 1. person sent A
originate, we venture to say, in profound ignorance of the on a mission, particularly a private mission or
art of poetry. Macaulay.
; business an agent employed for the promotion
;

jection : as, the eminences on or in an animal 3. Conspicuous; such as to attract attention of a cause or of his employer's interests now :

body. See phrases below, and em i«e«t»a. manifest: as, the judge's charge was charac- commonly used in a bad or contemptuous sense,
They must be smooth, almost imperceptible to the terized by eminent fairness; an eminent exam- and usually implying some degree of secrecy or
touch,and without either eminence or cavities. ple of the vincertainty of circumstantial evi- chicanery.
Dryden, tr. of Dufresnoy's Art of Painting. dence. P. jun. What are emissaries f
whom last
Specifically 2. — A
conspicuous place or situ-
Those
In triumph and luxurious wealth are they
thou saw'st The.
To fetch
Men employed outward,
in the commodity.
that are sent abroad
ation; a prominent position; especially, a hUl First seen in acts of prowess eminetU
B. Jonson, Staple of News, 1. 1.
or height of ground affording a wide view. And great exploits. Milton, P. L, li. 789.
Its [popery's] emissaries are very numerous, and very
Aa he had he died in public expired upon a
lived, so ; The avenging principle within us wiil certainly do its busy in corners, to seduce the unwary.
cross, on the top of an eminence near Jerusalem. duty upon any eminent breach of ours, and make every Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, I. xv.
Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. L flagrant act of wickedness, even in this life, a p.tnishment
to itself. Bp. Atterbury, Sermons. II. xvi. Christian communities send forth their emissaries of
The temple of honour ought to l>e seated on an emi- religion and letters.
nence. 4. Supreme; controlling; unrestrained by high-
Burke. D. Webster, Speech at Plymouth, Dec. 22, 1820.
or authority chiefly in the phrase ewii-
3. IHevation as regards rank, worth, accom- er rignt :
2. An
outlet for water; a channel by which
plishment, etc. ; exalted station or repute ««i( ffomain (which see, under domain). = %ya. 1.
Klevated.— 2. Illuetrunu, Renowned, etc. See/amotw. water is drawn from a lake : as, the emissary of
more generally, a high degree of distinction in
eminentia (em-i-nen'shi-S), n. ; pi. eminentice
any respect, good or bad as, to attain eminence (-«). [L., eminence: see e;«mc?iee.]
the Alban lake. —
3. In anat., that which emits
:
In o«o<., or sends out ; a vessel through which excretion
in a profession, or in the annals of crime. takes place; an excretory or emunctory: chiefly
an eminence ; a prominence ; a protuberance.
The eminence of tlie Apostles consistetl in their power- — Eminentia capltata, tlie head of a l)one speciflcally, ;
used in the plural. Also emissarium. =syn. 1. Spy,
ful! preaching, their unwearied laliouring in the Word, the radial head of the humerus. Also called capiteltum Emissary. A spy is one wlio enters an enemy's camp or
their unquenchable cltarity. and eapUulum. See cut under eapite.llum — P.mtnftnt.in enemy an emis.
territories to learn tlie condition of the ;

Milton, On Def. of Humb. B«monst. dnerea, the lower prominent portion of the ala cinerea. sary may be a secret agent employed not only to detect
High on • throne of royal state . . . — BmtnffTi t ^ iliopectinea, tlie ilioi>ectineal eminence.
i the schemes of an opposing party, but to influence their
Satan exalted sat, by merit raJaed —Eminentia Intercondylea, the spine of the titiia.— councils. A spy in war must conceal liis true character,
Eminentia paplllarla, pyramldalls, or atapedll. the or he may sutfer death if detected; an emissary may in
To that bad eminence. Milton, P. L., li. 6.
pyramid of the t jTii pan um.— Eminentia symphyBlB, some cases lie known as the agent of an adversary without
Where men cannot arrive at eminence, religion may tlie prominent lower iionier of the nii<iiile of tlie cliin, one incurring similar hazard.
make compensation by teaching content. TUlotton. marked features of man as distinguished from
of the most emissaryship (em'i-sa-ri-ship), n. [< emissary
other mammals. +
Whatever storms may rage in the lower regions of soci- -ship.] The office of an emissary. B. Jon-
ety, rarely do any clouds but clouds of incense rise to the eminential (om-i-nen'shal), a. [< eminence (L. son.
awful enunenee of the ttirone. Irving, Granada, p. 22. eminentia) -«/.] 1. Containing or pertain- +
emissilet, a. That may be cast or sent. Bailey,
4. Supreme degree. [Rare,] ing to something eminently. 2. In anat., per-
nil. —
taining to an eminentia prominent or protu- =
Whatever pure thou in the \xAy enjoy'st emission (f-mish'on), n. [= F. Mission ;
Sp.
(And pure tiwu wert create<l), we enjoy berant.— Eminential equation, an equation which by emision =" Pg. etnissSo It. emissione, < L. =
In eminence. MxUon, V. L, viU. 624. means of indeterminate coelhcients expresses several in-
dependent equations. emissio(n-), a sending out, < emissus, pp. of
6. In the Rom. Cath. Ch., a title of honor at- eminently (em'i-nent-li), adv. 1. In an emi- emittere, send out: see emit.] 1. The act of
tached by a consistorial decree of 1630 exclu- nent degree ; in a manner to attract observa- emitting, or of sending or throwing out ; a put-
sively to cardinals and to the master of the tion so as to be conspicuous and distinguished ting forth or issuing: as, the emission of light
;

Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem: osnally from others: as, to be eminently learned or use- from the sun or other luminous body the emis- ;

with a capital. ful. sion of steam from a boiler ; the emission of pa-
His Eminence was Indeed very fond of his poet. They in whomsoever these vertues dwell emirurUly need per money.
Bp. Uwrd, Notes oo Epistle to Angnstna. not Kings to make them happy, but are the architects of Because Philosophers may disagree
thir own happiness. Milton, Eikonoklastes, xxL If sight emission or reception be.
Louie (turns haughtily to the Cardinal). Enough
Shall it be thence inferr'd I do not see?
Your eminence must excuse a longer audience. The highest flames are the most tremulous ; and so are Dryden, Hind and Panther.
bulicft, Richelieu, Iv. the most noly and eminently religious persons more full of
Articular eminence of the temporal bone. Scearn'm- awfulneas and fear. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836), I. 72. Plants climb by three distinct means, by spirally twin-
lar. " Canine eminence. Scccarti'/w.— Collateraleml- ing,by clasping a support with their sensitive tendrils,
When two races, both low In the scale, are crossed, the and by the emission of aerial rootlets.
nence. ^f- rnU'if*-rnl. — Eminence of Doyere, in aunt., progeny seems to be eminently bad.
the small ••!fv:ttlMTi at th*? point <>f the musi-I.- tlln-r wliere Darwin, Origin of Species, p. 182.
Darwin, Var. of Animals and Plants, p. 21.
tile nfrvf-IllKT (.-nUTs tjie Harcoleinma. —
Illopectlneal 2. That which is emitted, or sent or thrown
eminence. Heeiifo^cfiiwo/. sByn. 1. Height, elevation. 2. As used by the older philosophical writers,
out.
eminency (em'i-nen-si), ». [Early mod. E. in the highest possible degree ; perfectly ; abso-
also eintneneie; as eminence: see -ence, -ency.] lutely ; in a sovereign manner : said especially An inflamed heap of stubble, glaring with great emis-
sions, and suddenly stooping into the thickness of smoke.
Same as «iinii0ii«0. [Now rare.] of the production of an, effect by a cause in- Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 23.
The late moat grleTooa cruelties occasioned the finitely superior to it. —
. . .
Speciflcally (a) In finance, an amount or quantity of
writing of the endoaed letters to his majesty, and these emir (e-mer'), n. [Also written emeer, and, esp. any representative of value issued or put into circulation
other to yoor tmineney. Milton, To Cardinal Mazarin. in ref. to present rulers having this title, ameer, an issue ;the entire emission (of coin, bank-notes, or
as,
His emineneie alwue others hath made him a man of amir; =z D. G. Dan. Sw. emir F. emir Sp. = = the Iike)has i)een called in or redeemed; the first, second,
Worship, tor hce liad neuer beene prefer'd, but that hee
was worth thousands.
emir, amir Pg. emir =
It. emiro, < Turk, amir = and third emissions of United States notes issued during
the civil war. (b) In physiol., a discharge, especially an
Bp. Earte, Micro-cosroographle, An Alderman.
= Pers. Hind, amir, < Ar. amir, emir, a com- involuntary discharge, of semen.— Theory of emission,
mander, ruler, chief nobleman, prince: see Newton's theory of the nature of liglit as being an emis-
The glory and emineneie* of the Divine love, manifested
In the incarnation of the Word eternal.
ameer, and cf. admiral.] 1. Among Arabs and sion of particles from the luminous body. Also called
the i'orpvsi-idar theory. See light, and undtUatory theory,
Jer. Taylor, Worlts (ed. 1835), I. 28. other Mohammedan peoples, a chief of a family under luiiliflatory.
You are to t)ecome a l>ody politiclc, using amongst your- or tribe a ruling prince. See ameer.
;
emissitioust (em-i-sish'us), a. [< L. emissiUua,
selves civil Kovemment, and are not furnished with per- The book of Job shows that, long before letters and arts better emissicius, send out (oculi emissicii, pry-
sons of special pminency above the rest. were known to Ionia, these vexing questions were debated ing, spying eyes)j < emissus,
John Ilobineon, in Kew England's Memorial,
pp. of emittere,
p. 28. under the' tents of the Idmnean <?wiir«.
.
send out.] Looking or narrowly examining;
. .

Macaulay, Von Ranke's Uist. of the Popes.

eminent (em'i-nent), a. [Early mod. E. also prying.
emynrnt; =. D. G" Dan. Sw. eminent, < OF. emi- 2. Specifically, a title sometimes given to the
Malicious mass-priest, cast back those emissitious eyes
nent, F. ^inent = Sp. Pg. It. eminente, < L. descendants of Mohammed. to your own infamous chair of Rome.
eminen{t-)s, prominent, eminent, excellent, ppr. An emir by his garb of green. Byron, The Giaour. Bp. llalt, Honour of Married Clergy, 11. S 8-
 ; — ; —

emissive 1900 emotion

emissive (e-mis'iv), a. [< L. emisstis, pp. of mal tragic dance, or the music with which such 1. a. Softening; making soft or supple; serv-
emitlere, send out (see emit), -ire.'] 1. Send- + a dance was accompanied. ing to relax the solids of anything.
iug out ; emitting ; radiating, as light. emmenagogic (e-men-a-goj'ik), a. Of or per- The regular supply of a mucilage, more emollient and
But soon a Ixjam, fmi^ice from above, taining to an emmenagogne; promoting men- slippery tliaii oil itself, wliicli is constantly softening and
lubricating the parts that rub upon each other,
Shed mental liay, and touch d the heart with love. struation.
Brooke, tr. of Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered, Palry, Nat. Theol., viii.
i.
emmenagogne (e-men'a-gog), «. [= F. emmena-
2. Pertaining to Newton's explanation of light gogne =
Sp. emenngogo'=i Pg. It. emmenagngo, < n. ». A therapeutic
agent or process which
NL. *emnienagogus, < Gr. kfi/it/va, menses (neut. softens and relaxes living tissues, as a poultice
by the theory of emission. See emission.
pi. of l/i/itp'oc, monthly, < h, in, 4- fii/v L. men- = or massage. The word was formerly applied to-
The other two theories eciually supiwse the non-exis-
tence of a vacuum: according; to the emijfnw or corpus- sis, a month), +
d)ujof, leading, drawing forth, the so-called demulcents.
cular theon*, the vacuum is tilled by the matter itself of
W. A". Grove, Corn of Forces.
< ayciv, lead.] medicine that promotes the A The fifth
and nonrishinent
means is to further the very act of assimilation
wliich is done by some outward emol-
lisht, heat,'etc. menstrual discharge. :

Emissive power, radiatins power,

lients, that make the parts more apt to assimilate.
emmeniopathy (e-men-i-op'a-thi), n. [< Gr. Bacon, Nat. Hist.,
emissivity (em-i-siv'j-ti), «. [< emissive +
i/iu//va, menses, -I- n-dSof, suffering, < iraBelv, suf-
§ 59.

-III/.] Emissive or raiiating power. [Rare.] fer, feci.] In patlioL, a disorder of menstrua- emoUitiont (em-o-lish'on), n. [< L. as if *emol-
The emiif^icity of a bwly for any radiation is equal to
litio(n-), < emollire, .soften : see emollient.] The
tion. Dunglison.
the absorptive power for the same radiation at any one act of relaxing or of making soft and pliable.
teniiwniture. Tait, Light, § 30!).
emmenological
(e-men-o-loj'i-kal), a. [< em-
[Rare.]
menologi/ +
-ic-al. ] Pertaining to emmenology.
emissory (em'i-so-ri), a. [< NL. as if *emis- emmenology (em-e-nol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. ififirfna, All lassitude is a kind of contusion and compression of
sorius, < ML. emissor, one who sends out, < L. menses (see emmenagogne), -loyia, < V.iytiv, + the parts —
and bathing and anointing give a relaxation
or f'inollition. Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 730.
emissus, pp. of emittere, send out.] Sending or speak: see-oU/gij.] That special branch of med,
conveying out ; emissive. emoUitivet (e-mol'i-tiv), a. and ». [< L. emol-
ieal science which deals with menstruation.
emit (e-mit')> '• '•; pret. and pp. emitted, emmer-goose (em'er-gos), n. Same as ember- litus,pp. of emollire, soften (see emollient), +
ppr. emitting. [= F. emettre Sp. emitir =
goose.
— E. -ire.] I. a. Tending to soften; emollient.
Pg. emittir =
It. emettere, < L. emittere, send
emmet (em'et), n. [Early mod. E. also emet, They enter likewise into those emollitire or lenitive
out, emit, < e, out, mittere, +
send: see mis- emot; < ME. emet, emete (also emote, emotte, em- piastres which are devised for the sores of the head.
Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxxvL 21.
sile, etc. Cf. admit, amit^, commit, demit^, de- molte, emattc, appar. simulating ME. forms of
mit^, dimit, permit, remit, transmit.'] 1. To send moth: see moth, mad^, maggot), earlier amete II, n. An
emollient.
forth; thrower give out; vent: as, fire emits (contr. amte, ample, ante, > mod. E. ant), < AS. The inisselto is a great emollitive ; for it softeneth, dis-
cussetli, and resolveth also hard tumors.
heat and smoke ; boiling water emits steam ceniete, uimette, *emete, an emmet, ant : see fur- Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxiv. 4.
the sun and stars emit light. ther under an (1, the common form of the word.] emolument (e-mol'u-ment), n. [= F. emolu-
The dying lamp feebly emits a yellow gleam. An ant. ment = Sp. Pg. It. emoltiniento, < L. emolu-
Goldsmith, The Bee, No. 4. The parsimonious emmet, provident
While yon sun emits his rays divine. Of future. ililtim, P. L., vii. 485. mentum, emolimentuni, effort, exertion, what is.
Mickle, tr. of Canioens's Lusiad, ii.
As well may the minutest Emmet say
gained by labor, profit, gain, < emoliri, effect,
A baker's oven, emittinff the usual fragrance of sour That Caucasus was rais'd to pave his Way. accomplish, < e, out, + moliri, exert oneself:
bread. Hawthorne, Marble Fatni, v. Prior, Solomon, i. see amolish, demolish.] 1. The profit arising
A Iwdy absorbs with special energy the rays which it emmet-hunter (em'et-hun'''t6r), n. A name of from office or employment; that which is re-
can itself emit. Tyndali, Light and Elect., p. 7S.
the wryneck, lynx torquilla. Montagu. [Lo- ceived as a compensation for services, or which
2. To let fly; discharge; dart or shoot. [Rare.] cal, Eng.] is annexed to the possession of office, as salary,

Pay sacred Rev"reuce to Apollo's Song; emmetrope (em'e-trop), «. [As emmetro}}-ia.] fees, and perquisites.
Lest wrathful the far-shooting God emit A persou with eyes normal as regards refrac- The deanery of Christ Church became vacant.
was, both in dignity and in emolument, one of the
That
His fatal Arrows. office
tion.
Prior, tr. of Second Hymn of Callimachus. higliest in the University of Oxford.
emmetropia (em-e-tro'pi-a), «. [NL., < Gr. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vi.
3. To issue, as an order or a decree ; issue for m
measure, proportional (< iv, in, -t-
e/ifierpoi;
2. Profit; advantage; gain in general; that
circulation, as notes or bills of credit. Herpop, measure), + uip (ut-), eye.] Normal
That a citation be valid, it ought to be decreed and power of accommodation, in which the light
which promotes the good of any person or
emitted by the judge's authority. Ayliffe, Parergon. thing.
from a luminous point at any distance from the
No state shall emit bills of credit. Profits by salt pits, niilles, water-coiirses (and whatso-
. . .
eye not less than 10 or 12 centimeters (3.9 or euer emoluments grew liy tlieni), and such like.
Constitution of United Slates, Art. § 10. i.
4.7 inches) can be focused to a point on the ret- Holinshed, Descrip. of England.
To emit a declaration, in Scots cHminal law, in tile ina, Also emmetropy. Nothing gives greater satisfaction than the sense of
case of a person suspected of liaving committed a crime,
to give an account of himself before a magistrate, usually emmetropic
(em-e-trop'ik), a. [As emmetro- having dispatched a great deal of business to tlie puidic
tile slieiitf, which account is taken down in writing and pia + -ic] Pertaining to or characterized by emolument. Tatter,
iiiiide use of at the tHal of the accused. emmetropia. Some of Mr. Wliitefield's enemies affected to suppose
emittent (f-mit'ent), a. and n. [< L. emit- that he would apply these collections to his own private
The 'state of refraction may deviate in two ways from emolument. Franklin, Autobiog., p. 167.
ten(t-)s, ppr. of elitittere, send out: see emit.] the emmetropic condition. ./. S. Wells, Dis. of Eye, p. 499.
Emitting; emissive. [Rare.] = Syn. 1. Remuneration, pay, wages, stipend, income.
I. a. The normal or emmetropic eye adjusts itself perfectly 2. Benefit.
H, n. One who or that which emits. for all <listances, from about Ave inches to infinity. It
makes a perfect image of objects at all these distances. emolumental (e-mol-ii-men'tal), a. [< emolu-
They did it [bleeding one animal into another] yester- ment -I-Producing profit
-«/.] useful; profit-
day before the society, very successfully also, upon a bull- Le Conte, Siglit, p. 47. ;

mastitf and a spaniel, the former being the emittent, the able; advantageous. [Rare.]
emmetropy (e-met'ro-pi), n. Same as emme-
other the recipient. Boyle, Works, VI. 237. The passion of his majesty to encourage his subjects in
tropia.
all that is laudable and truly emolumental of this nature.
emmanch6 (e-mon-sha'), a. [F., pp. of emman- The eye which we Iiave been speaking is the normal
of Evelyn, Sylva, To the Reader.
chcr, put a handle on, haft, ( en- + manche, a or perfect eye. This normal condition is called emmet-
handle, haft, =
Sp. Pg. mango It. manico, < = ropy. emongt, prep. An obsolete form of among.
Le Conte, Sight, p. 4(3.
ML. manicus (ef. equiv. dim. L. manicida), a emme'wt, immewt (e-, i-mii'), r. t. [< em-i, At last far off they many Islandes spy
handle, < L. manus, hand.] In her. (o) Hav- «/«-!, -f- mcw'-i.] To confine in a mew or cage
:
On every side floting the floodes emony.
Spenser, ¥. Q., II. xii. 10.
ing a handle said of a weapon, as an ax, when mew; coop up; cause to shrink out of sight.
:

the head and the handle or staff are of different Also enmew, inmew. emongstf emongestt, pre}}. Obsolete forms of ,

tinctures. (6) Decorated with a doublet said :

amongst.
This outward-sainted deputy,
of the field. Whose settled visage and delil>erate word And Cupid stTU cmongest them kindled lustfuU fyrea.
emmantlet (e-man'tl), v. t. [< em-^ + mantle.] Nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew. Spenser, ¥. Q., III. i. 39.

1. To cover as with a mantle; envelop; pro- As falcon doth the fowl,— is yet a devil. emonyt, " A corruption of anemone.
tect.
Shak., M. for >L, iii. 1.
emotion (f-mo'sbon), n. [= F. emotion Sp. =
The world, and this, which by another name men have emmonsite (em'on-zit), n. [After S. P. Em- cmocion =' Pg. emoqao It. emo:ione, < L. as if =
thought good to call heauen (under the pourprise and liend- mons, a geologist'.'] A
doubtful ferric tellurite *emoiio{n-), < emotus, pp. of emovere, move out,
ing cope whereof all things are emmantelled and covered). from the vicinity of Tombstone, Arizona. move away, remove, stirup, agitate see emove.] :
Holland, tr. of Pliny, i. 1. emmovet, r. t. See emove. If. Excited or unusual motion; disturbed move-
2. Toplaceround, by way of fortification; con- emodin (em'o-din), n. In chem., a glucoside (Cjs ment.
struct as a defense. H^qOs), crystallizing in orange-yellow prisms, I think nothing need to be said to encourage it [bath-
Besides the walls that he caused to be built and emman- found in the bark of buckthorn and in tlie root ing in cold water], provided this one caution be useil. that
telled alKiut otlier towns. Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxi.\. 1. of rhubarb. he never go into the water, "when exercise has at all warm'tl
Emmanuel (e-man'-ii-el), n. 1. Hee Immanucl. emollescence
(em-o-les'ens), n. L. e, out, him or left any emotion in his blood or pulse.
[< Locke, Education, §
— 2. An ointment much used in the latter part -h mollesccre, inceptive of mollire, soften: see
2. An agitated or aroused, and usually distinct-
8.

of the sixteenth century, composed of herbs emollient.] In a body beginning to melt, that
ly pleasurable or painful, state of mind directed
boiled in wine, and having pitch, suet, mastic, degree of softness which alters its shape the ;
toward some object; technically, a sensation
etc., afterward added. first or lowest degree of fusion.
excited by an idea and directed toward an ob-
emmarblet (e-mar'bl), v. t. [< em-^ marble.] + emoUiate (e-mol'iat), v. t. pret. and pp. emol-
;
ject, and accompanied by some bodily commo-
To impart to or invest with the qualities of liated, ppr. emolliating. [In-eg. < L. emollire (pp.
tion, such as blushing, trembling, weeping, or
marble ; harden or render cold like marble. emollitus), sott&a: see emollient.] To soften;
some slighter disturbance not manifest to a
Also enmarble. render effeminate. [Rare.]
second party. I'nder violent emotion all the muscles
Thou doest emmarble the proud hart of her Emolliated by four centuries of Roman domination, the of the body may be affected, but the most common effects
Whose love liefore their life they doe prefer. Belgic colonies had forgotten their pristine valour.
Pinkerton.
are in the expression of the face —
the mouth, eyes, and
Spenser, In Honour of Love, 1. 139. nose, named in the order of their expressiveness. The
emmeleia (em-e-le'ya), n. [< Gr. ijiiii'kem, har- emollient (e-mol'yent), a. and n. [= F. emollient voice is also generally affected.
mony, unison, < i/if^t'kr/r;, harmonious, in unison, Sp. emolicnte =
Pg. It. emolliente, < L. emolli- = I'he stirrings of pride, vanity, covetousness, jmpurity,
discontent, resentment, these succeed each otlier through
< ev, in, +
//('/w,, song, harmony.] In Gr. music : en{t-)s, ppr. of emollire, soften, < e, out, mol- + the day in momentary emotio}is, and are known to Him.
(a) Consonance; concord; harmony. (6) Afor- lire, Boiten, <. mollis, solt seemollient, mollify.] : J. H. Newman, Parochial Sermons, i. 45.
 ; + )

emotion 1901 Empetnun

be<Mi usual with psychoIogiBts to confound em«- empSBStiC, OmpestiC (em-l)es'tik), a. [Also, of India. In western speech the sovereigns of Turkey,
It hM China, Japan, etc., are called emperors.
(ion* with feeliii;?, because intense feeling is essential to
jpgg prop., cmpaistic ; < Gr. ifiTraiCTiKTi, SC. Tex"!;,
^notion. But, strictly speaking a state "' ""»''»" Under existing international arrangements the crowned
the art of embossing, < kfi^ataro^, struck in, em-
fj{
comnlete state of mind, a psychosis, and not a ps>tnicai j y jT-i „„ > ^ „„ / ;„
bossed, < e/iTraiav, stnke in, stamp, emboss, < ev,
' • *. heads of Europe take precedence according to the date of
riement if we may so siy. J. Hard, Encyc. Brit., XX. 72. their accession, and their rank is precisely the same,

Mellow, melancholy, yet not mournful, the tone seemed

in, + ^amv, strike. Cf^ anapest-^ Stamped, whether their style is imperial or royal. But the proper
embossed, or inlaid, as work in metal. meaning of emperor is the chief of a confederation of
to gush up out of the deep well of Hepzibahs heart,
all
states of which kings are members.
Bteeped in its profoundest emo(ton. empairt (em-pSr'), v. and n. An obsolete form Encyc. Brit, XXIII. 417.
Haicthomt, Seven Gables, vi.
of impair. Spenser.
See aoitalion. 3. In zool. : (a) In entom. : (1) One of several
= Syn. 2 Trepidation, Tremor, etc. empaistic (em-piis'tik), a. Same as empcestic.
emotional (e-mo'shon-al), a. [< emotion + ^^ empaled, ....
empale^, „^i,„.„v., etc. ^
See impale, etc. large sphinxes or moths : as, the peacock empe-
nature " ror, Saturnia pavonia. (2) One of several large
-al.] 1. Pertaining to or of the of
gmpale^t"
(em-pal'), ». *. [< m-i + pale^.^" To '

butterflies of the family Nymphalido! : as, the

emotion. cause to grow pale.
purple emperor, the popular name in Great
Whatever moral benefit can be effected by education bloodless malady
i empales G. Fletcher.
must be effected by an education which is emotional rather y^ their face. Britaiu of Apatura iris, also called the purple
than perceptive. U. Spmcer, Social Statics, p. 3S4. empanel, empannel (em-pan'el), V. t. See im-
It isemotional force, not intellectual, that brings out panel.
exceptional resuiu. L. F. Ward, Dynam. socioi., II. 598. empanelment, empannelment (em-pan' el-
2. Characterized by emotion; attended by or ment), n. See impanelment.
producing emotion; subject to emotion: as, an empanoply (em-pan'o-pli), e. t.; pret. and pp.
emotional poem ; an emotional temperament. empanoplied, ppr. empano2>lyivg. [< em-^ +
Great intellect ... is not readily united with a large panoply.-] To invest in full armor.
emotional nature. A. Bain, Corr. of Forces, p. 236. j^^ ^^^^ „g^ ready. Empanoplied and plumed
3 EmnlovinK appeal to the emotions ; aiming We enter'd in^ and waited, fifty there,
Opposed to fifty. Tenny^ Prtoce«, v.
li tCprXcUon of emotion as an object : as.
an emotional orator or harangue. emparadise Cem-par'a-dis), v. i. See tmparadise.
emo- emparchment (em-parch'ment), r. ew-l
emotionalism (e-mo'shon-al-izm), n. [< <. [<
tional + -ism.]' 1. The character of being parvlimcnt.} To \vrite on parchment. [Anonee-
emotional, or of being subject to emotion; ten- word.]
dency to emotional excitement. I take your Bull as an emparchmtnted Lie, and burn it.
Carlyte.
Churchisra and Moralisni place the essence of Christian-
Jty in action, and £m«<«onafi<n» puts it in feeling. emnarkt (em-park'), r. *. Seoimpark. Bp. King.
j.F 6iarke. Orthodoxy, p. 31. "Sparlauncet, «• See imparlance.
2, The practice of working upon the emotions empasm (em-pazm'), n. [< Gr. c/iirdaaeiv, sprin-
;

the disposition to substitute superficial emotion jje in or on, < h, in, + Traaaav, sprinkle.] 1.
for deeper feeling or right purpose. —
3. The j^ powder nsed to remove any disagreeable
expression of emotion. odor from the person. 2. A cataplasm. — i!y limperor [Afaturn herse).

emotionalist (e-mo'shon-al-ist), n. [< cmo- empassiont (em-pash'on), v. t. See impassion, , eggs ; b. larva, dorsal view
-— '-' -
pupa, lateral view d, male butter-
; c,.pupa, ;
. , . _

fly,'with partial outline

-"--e of leni
leiuale. (All natural size.
tional + -i«f.] 1. One who is easily overcome empassionatet (em-pash'on-at), a. See impas-
by emotions; a person subject to or controlled gionate. high-flier; the tawny emperor, A. herse. See
by emotion. empastet (em-pasf), v. t. See impaste. Apatura. (fi) In ornith., one of sundry birds
Thestiff materialist is not educated for a sound investl- empathema (em-pa-the'mS), n. [NL., < Gr. notable of their kind, (c) A large boa of Cen-
gator any more than the limp emolionalitl. ifi-aOric, in a state of emotion or passion, < iv, tral America, Boa imperator, probably a variety
X. A. JUc, CXLI. 262. jjj^
^
^^gg^^ suffering, passion.] In patlMl., of the Boa constrictor Emperor-flsh. Same as
2. One who endeavors to excite emotional feel- ungovernable passion. E. C. Mann, Psychol. emperor o/yopan.— Emperor goose, Philacle canagica,
ing; one who appeals to the emotions rather Med., p. 45. a handsome species of Alaska, with the plumage barred
transversely and the head in part white.— Emperor
than to t)ie reason or conscience. empatronizet, v. t. See impatronize.. moth, a handsome species of moth (Satttrm'a pavonia).
emotionality (e-mo-shon-al'i-ti), n. [< emo- empawnt, <• t. See impawn, — Emperor of Japan, a chretodontoid fish, Holacanihxu
tional + -ity.-\ The quality of being emotional empeacht, »• '• See impeach. imperator, of an (ilil.mi; form, with a spine upon the pre-
or of expressing emotion; emotionalism. empearl (em-pirl'), e. t. See impearl.
English which has once been in Italian acquires an empechet, f '• See impeach,
emolwnality which it does not perhaps wholly lose In
The Century, XXX. 2)».
re- AmDeiret. V. t. Middle EngUsh form of im- A
tumingtoltseU. ^^^ Chaucer.
The doe . . . does not posaess our facalty of imiution, gmpeirema (em-pi-re'ma), M. See empirema.
our ,^ule»u>ti<mality^
^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ empeoplet .m-pe'plKr. f. [< em-1 +^>eople.] 1. (

+ To furuish with inhabitants; people; populate.

emotioned (e-mo'shond), a. l< emotion .ecP.]
Affected by emotion. [Bare.] We know 'tis very well empeopled.
Sir T. Broume, Vulg. Ejt., i.6.
As the young chief th' affecting scene surreys.
How all his form th' emotion'd soni l>etrays !
2. To settle as inhabitants.
Seott, Essay on Painting. He wondred much, and gan enqaere . . .

^^^n-^^ IS. rnn'W'o^ n \( T. rmnfnx pp.

U. emoius, of
-nn OI What unknowen nation there empeopled were, Emperor al Japaa '^Hotacanthus imperator),
emotive (e-mo tlV), a. l^. Speruer, F. Q., I. X. 56.
emoiere, move (see emotion), + -ire.] Produ- ™,W/m»* »• Obsolete forms of operculum. It Inhabits the seas of southern Japan, is re-
cing or marked by or manifesting emotion; of emperesst, empencet, splendent in color, and notable for its savory flesh. Also
empresjf. called emj>«roi-yi»X.— Emperor penguin, Aplenodyles
an emotional character. imperator or forsteri, the largest Known species of pen-
empcnlt (cm-per il), V. t. See imperil,
emperisht (em-per'ish), V, t. [< COT-i + perish. ]
To him display the wonders of their frame, guin.— Emperor tern, tlie American variety of the Cas-
Hi* own contexture, where eternal art, pian tern, Sterna tschegrava tmpcraf or.— Purple em-
fmotiM, pant* within the alternate heart. To destroy ruin. ;
peror, tawny emperor. See def. 3 (o)(2). =Syn. 2. Mon-
Brooke, Vnivenal Beauty, iv.
His fralle senses were emperitht quight. arch, etc. See jirince.
Minds of deep emotive sensibility are apt to feel pained, And love to frenzy tumd, slth love Is franticke hight. emperorship (em'p6r-or-ship), n. [< emperor
even exasperated, by scientific explanations which decline Spenier, ¥. Q., III. vii. 20. + -ship.] The rank, o'flice, or power of an em-
the imaginary aid of some incomprehensible outlying [Early mod. E. em- peror.
agency not expressible in terms of experience. emperor (em'p6r-or), n.
a. If. Lemt. Probs. of Life and Mind, 11. ii. ( 1. perour ; < ME.
emperour, emperur, emparour, They went and put him [Napoleon] there ; they and

emotively (f-mo'tiv-li), adv. In an emotive emperere, < OF. empereor, F. empereur Pr. = France at large. Chief-consulship, Emperorship, victory

manner. George Eliot.

emotiveness (e-mo'tiv-ncs), n. The
quality of being emotive. [Bare.]
The more exqnisite quality of Deronda's nature that
keenly perceptive; sympathetic emotivenea which ran
along with his speculative tendency.
Oeorge Eliot, Daniel Deronda,
emotivity (S-m6-tiv'i-ti), n. [< emotive + -i7y.]
The capacity or state of being emotive emo-
tionality. [Bare.]
Sensitivity and emotivity have also been used as the
•dentlHc terms for the capacity of feeling.
llUkok, Mental Science, p. 176
emovet (e-mSv'), r. t. [Less correctly eOTmorc,
< L. emoiere, move out, move away, move, agi-
tate, etc., < e, out, +
movere, move: see more.]
To move ; arouse to emotion.
One day, when him high corage did emmove.
As wont ye knlghte* to *eeke adventure* wilde,
He pricked forth his puissant force to Drove.
Spenter, f. Q., "• «
While with kind natare, here amid the grove,
We pass'd the harmless sabbath of our time,
What to disturb It canl<l. fell men, emote
Your barbarous hearts ?
Thornton, Castle of Indolence.
emperador =
Sp. Pg. emperador It. impera- = over Europe. Carlyle.
The emperorship was to have been hereditary in his
tore, < L. imperator, inperator, OL. induperator,
state or [Charlemagne's] family, but by the year 900 his posterity
a military commander-in-chief, ruler, emperor, . was extinct.
. . StUU, Stud. Med. Hist., p. 170.
< imperare, inperare, command: see empire.] [Early mod. E. also em-
— it. A commander-in-chief; a supreme leader
empery (em'p6r-i), n.
perie ; < ME. emperie, empery e, < OF. emperie,
of an army or of armies. var. of empire, empire: see empire.] Empire;
xl.
To Agamynon thai giffen the gouemaunce hole, power; government.
worthiest of wit that worship to haue
ffor
And ordant hym Emperour by opyn assent,
Oh, misery,
When Indian slaves thirst after empery.
;
With power full playn the pepuU to lede. Ltist's Dominion, ili. 4.
Deilruotion of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3670.
I rose, as he were my king indeed,
if
2. The sovereign or supreme ruler of an em- And then sate down, in trouble at myself,
pire : a title of dignity conventionally superior And struggling for my woman's empery.
Mrs. Browning, Aurora Leigh, viii.
to that of king: as, the emperor of Germany
or of Kussia. See empire. The title emperor, first empestic, a. See empcestic.
assumed (with consent of the senate) by Julias Ciesar, was Empetraces (em-pe-tra'se-e), n. pi. [NL., <
held by the succeeding rulers of the Roman, and after- Empetrum -acece.] An order of low, shrubby, +
ward of the Western and Eastern empires. 1'he line of
emperors of the West terminated in A. D. 476, but the title
heath-like evergreens, with small polygamous
was revived in 800 by Charlemagne, who thus laid the or dioscious apetalous flowers and
drupaceous
foundation of the elective Holy Boman Empire (which see, fruit. There are only 4 species, belonging to the 3 gen-
under empire). The last of his successors had, before his era Empetrum, Corema, and Ceratiola. The affinities of
«>. abdication In 1806, adopted the title of hereditary emperor the order are obscure, but it is usually placed near the
of Austria. The king of lYussIa was crowned emperor Euphorf/iacete.
of Germany in 1871. Peter the Great of Russia assumed Empetnun (em'pe-trum), n. [NL., < Gr. l/iTte-
the title In 1721, and the ruler of llniiil in 1822; and it
was held by Napoleon I. and Napoleon III. of France. In Tpov, a rock-plant, as saxifrage, neut. of l/iiteTpo^,
1876 Qaeen Victoria of England was proclaimed empresa growing on rocks, < iv, in, on,
Tvirpoc, a rook: +
 ;, ; ) ;

Empetmm 1902 empire

see pier, petro-. ] A genus of low, heath-like emphatical (em-fat'i-kal), a. 1. Same as «m- emphyieuticus : see emphyteutic] In Horn, lau;,
shrubs, of 2 species, the type of the natural or- jihalic. [Obsolete or rare.] 2t. Apparent; —
one who held lands by emphyteusis; an em-
der Empetracew ; the erowberry or erakeberry. obvious. phyteuta.
E, nujrum is a native of lK>^ and mountains in tlie cooler It is commonly granted that emphatical colours are light EmphytUS (em'fi-tus), n. [NL,,< Gr. i/Kjivroi,
aud arctic portions of tlie nortliern lieniispliere. Its blacic itself, modified by refractions. Boyle, Colours.
berries are sometimes eaten. E. ntbrum, with red berries,
ingrafted, inserted: see emphyteusis, and imp,
is fi»und in the extreme southern part of South America. emphatically (em-fat'i-kal-i), adv. 1. With v.] genus of hymenopterous insects, of A
emphaset (em-faz'), v. t. [< emphasis.'] To emphasis or stress of voice. 2. Significantly — the family Tenthredinidw, founded by Klug in
emphasize. forcibly in a striking or impressive manner. 1881, having short wings with 2 marginal and 3
—
;

Frank. bid you most welcome.

I . . . 3. Conspicuously; preeminently. submarginal cells, filiform 9-jointed antennse.
Lady F. And I believe your most, my pretty boy. The condition of the envious man is the most emphati-
Being "so emphastd by you. £. Jonaon, New Inn, ii. 1.
cally miserable. Steele, Spectator, No. 19.
emphasis (em'fa-sis), n. [= P. emphase
He was emphatically a popular writer. (> D.
Macaulay.
G. emphase = Dan.
emfase Sw. emfas) Sp. = =
The doctrine that religion could be destined to pass
enfasis =
Pg. emphasis It. enfasi, emphasis,=through successive phases of development was pronounced
< L. emphasis (in pure L. significatio(n-): see to be emphatically unchristian. Lecky, Rationalism, 1. 199.

sicfnification), < Gr. cpiijaaiq, an appearing in, out- 4t. According to appearance according to im- ;

ward appearance, a showing or letting a thing pression produced.

be seen as in a mirror (reflection, image), or as What is delivered of their [dolphins'] incurvity must be
involved, hence, in rhet., pregnant suggestion, taken emphatically : that is, not really, but in appearance.
indirect indication, significance, emphasis, < Sir T. Brotnie, Vulg. Err., v. 2.
ifi^vtiv, show forth, < fVjJn, -I- ipaivetv, show, emphaticalness (em-fat'i-kal-nes), n. The
mid. (paiveaffai, appear, > (jidaic, phase, appear- quality of being emphatic. [Rare.]
ance see phase.] 1 In rhet. : (a) Origmally emphlysis (em'fli-sis), «. pi. emphlyses (-sez).
: .
;

a figure consisting in a significant, pregnant, [NL., < Gr. h, in, on, -I- iff.vci^, an eruption, <
or suggestive mode of expression, implying (es- tfkvtiv, break out, boil over.] In med., a vesic-
pecially in connection with the context or the ular tumor or eruption.
circumstances under which an oration is de- emphotion (em-fo'ti-on), n. pi. emphotia (-a). ;

livered) more than would necessarily or ordi- [MGr. e/KpuTiov (also e/Kpureioc caOt/g), lit. a gar-
narily be meant by the words used. This figure is ment of light, < ev, in, + <j>ac (^ur-), light.]
of two kinds, according as it suggests either something strawberry False-worm {Emphytus tnaculatus).
In the Gr. Ch., the white robe put on immedi-
more than is said, or something purposely not mentioned ately I, a,pupa, ventral and lateral views {line shows natural size) 3,
after baptism the chrisom. ; fly, enlarged (wings on one side detached): 4. larva; 5, fly with
;

or professedly not intended. Poeta frequently employ it win^s closed ; 6, larva curled up 7, cocoon 8, antenna 9, egg. (4,
for the former purpose, especially in similes and epitliets. emphractic (em-frak'tik), a. and n. [< Gr. epi- ; : ;

5, 6, and 7 natural size; 8and9 enlarged.

(6) The mode of delivery appropriate to preg- (jipaKTiKog, likely to obstruct, < ifuppaaaeiv, ob-

nant or suggestive expression ; hence, rhetor- struct, block up, < iv, in, +
<ppdaaciv, fence in,
transverse head, prominent eyes, and a long
ical stress; in general, significant stress; spe- block, stop.] I. a. In med., having the prop- abdomen, cylindrical in the male, and broad
cial stress or force of voice given to the utter- erty of closing the pores of the skin. and carinate in the female. The larva; have 22 legs,
ance of a word, succession of words, or part II. n. A
substance which when applied to and are leaf-feeders. The male of E. vtaculatus is black,
of a word, in order to excite special attention. the skin has the property of closing the pores. the female honey-yellow; its larva feeds on the straw-
Emphasis on a syllable diifers from syllabic accent by emphrensyt (em-fren'zi), V. t. [< fm-l phren- + berry, ancl is known in the United States and Canada as
the .stravvlicrry false-worm.
being exceptional in use, and altering the ordinaiy pro- sy, obs. form of frenzy.] To make frenzied
nunciation of the word, either by increasing the stress
madden. Empidse (em'pi-de), n. pi. [NL., contr. of Em-
on the syllable regularly accented or by transferring the pididce, < Empis (Empid-), the typical genus:
accent to another syllable as, a sin may be a sin of o'mis- Is it a ravenous beast, a covetous oppressour? his tooth
:

sion or a sin of com'mission (instead of omis'sion, com- like a mad dog's envenomes and emphrensies.
see Empis.] A
family of tetrachsetous brachy-
mis'sionX £p. Hall, St. Paul's Combat. cerous flies, of the order Diptera, containing up-
The province of emphatis is so much more important ward of 1,000 species, mostly of small size, in-
than that of accent that the customary seat of the latter
emphymat (em-fi'ma), n. [NL., < Gr. cv, in, -I-
habiting temperate and cold countries. They are
is transferred in any case where the claims of emphasis re-
a tumor, a growth, <
(pijia, (j>vea6m, grow.] A characterized by a globose head with contiguous eyes, a
quire it. E. Porter, Rhetorical Delivery, iv.
tumor. simple third antenna-joint, and lengthened tarsal cells of
2. Special and significant vigor or force as,
(em'fi-sem), n. The English form emphysem tlie wings. They are very active and voracious, and in
of oiiphysrma. [Rare.]
:
general resemlile the Asilidce. Species of this family may
emphasis of gesticulation; in general, signifi- be seen dancing in swarms over running water in spring-
cance; distinctiveness. emphysema (em-fi-se'ma), n. [NL., < Gr. £/i- time. 1 lie slender larvaj live in garden-mold. AlsoA'm-
(piiarjfia, an inflation (of the stomach, peritoneum, pididee and Empides.
External objects stand before us ... in all the life and
emphasis of extension, figure and colour.
etc. ), < e/i<j>vaav, blow in, inflate, < ev, in, (jivaav, +
(em-pid'i-de), n. pi. [NL.] Same
Empididae
Sir W. Hamilton. blow.] In pathol., distention with air or other as Empidce.
=Syn. 1. Emphasis, Accent, Stress. Emp?iasis is gener- gases —
Imterstitial emphysema, tiic presence of air Empidonaz (em-pi-do'naks), ti.
or other gases in the interstices of the tissues.— Vesicu-
[NL. (Caba-
ally upon a word, but may be upon a combination of words nis, 1855), < Gr. ifnri^ {e/imd-), a mosquito, gnat
lar emphysema, the permanent dilatation of the alve-
or a single syllable. Accent is upon a syllable as, the place
of the accent in the word "demonstrate" is not fixed.
:
olar passages and infundibula of the lungs, the air-cells
(see Empis), ava^, king.] large genus of + A
Stress is a synonym for either emphasis or accent. Sec Itecoming obliterated. Also called alveolar ectasia. small Ameri-
injlection. emphysematous, emphysematose
(em-fi- can olivaceous
That voice all modes of passion can express sem'a-tus, -tos), a. [? emphysema{t-) + -ous, flycatchers, of
Which marlcs the proper word with proper stress ; -ose.] 1 Pertaining to, characterized by, or of
. the family Ty-
But none emphatic can that spealier call the nature of emphysema distended ; bloated. ; rannidw, inhab-
Who lays an equal emphasis on all. Lloyd.
— North,
2. In 6o<., bladdery; resembling a bladder. iting
By increasing, therefore, the degree of habitual accent
on a given syllable, we can render emphatic the word in emphyteusis (em-fl-tu'sis), n. [LL. (in Roman Central, and
which it occurs. Q. L. Raymond, Orator's Manual, § ii".
civil law), < Gr. c/KpvTevai^ (only in Roman use), South Ameri-
lit. an implanting, < t/iifivTeveiv, implant, ingraft, ca, having the
emphasize (em'fa-siz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. em-
< i/KfivToc, implanted, ingrafted, inborn, innate bill and feet
phasized, ppr. emphasizing. [< emphas(is) + (> ult. E. imp, q. v.), < e/jfveiv, implant, pass, moderate in
-ize.] 1. To utter or pronounce with emphasis
render emphatic ; lay stress upon : as, to em-
grow in, < h, in, -f- (piieiv, produce, pass, grow.] length among
In Bom. law, a contract by which houses or allied genera,
phasize a syllable, word, or declaration ; to em-
mean length
phasize a passage in reading. 2. To bring out — lands were given forever or for a long term on
condition of their being improved and a stipu-
of
among related
clearly or distinctly ; make more obvious or
lated annual rent paid to the grantor. It was flycatchers, the
more positive ; give a stronger perception of.
usually for a perpetual term, thus correspond- wings pointed,
In winter it [the sea] is warmer, in summer it is cooler,
than the ambient air, and the difference is emphasized the
ing to the feudal fee. Traill's Flycatcher i^Emfitdtmax zratitt). the tail emargi-
farther we get away from the shore. We are told that with the municipalities began the nate, and the
Pop. Sci. Mo., XXVI. 53.5. practice of letting out agri vectigales, that is, of" leasing plumage mostly dull-greenish. Four „,
species are .

land for a perpetuity to a free tenant, at a fixed rent, and very common woodland migratory insectivorous birds of
Unequal powers have made unequal opportunities first, the eastern United States: the Acadian flycatcher, E.
however much the unequal opportunities afterwards may under certain conditions. The plan was afterwards ex-
tensively imitated by individual proprietors, and the ten- acadicus ; Traill's, E. trailli ; the least, E. minimus ; and
react on and emphasise the situation. the yellow-bellied, E. JUlviventris.
ant, whose relation to the owner had originally been de-
Fortnightly N. XLII.
Jiev., S., 192.
termined by his contract, was subsequently recognised i>y empiercet (em-pers'), v. t. [< em-i + pierce.^
emphatic (em-fat'ik), a. [= F. emphaUque = the Praetor aa having himself a qualified proprietorship, See impierce.
Sp. enfdHco =
Pg. emphatico It. enfatico (cf. = which in time became known as Emphyteusis.
He stroke so hugely with his borrowd blade.
G. emphatisch =
Dan. Sw. emfatisk), i Gr. £//0a- Maine, Ancient Law, p. 299.
That it empierst the Pagans burganet.
TiK(5f (< l/Kjxiatc, stem *e/_i(t>aTi-), equiv. form of e/i-
,
emphyteuta (em-fl-tfl'ta), n. [LL., < Gr. efi- Spenser, F. Q., II. viii. 45.
(pavriK6(, expressive, vivid, forcible, < e/i<l>aiveiv (^vTcvrij^, a tenant by emphyteusis see cmphy- :
[<.em-^+ pight.] Fixed.
empightt (em-pit')> a.
(t/ii^D-), show, declare see emphasis.] 1. Ut-
:
teu.iis.] In Horn, law, a tenant by emphyteusis.
Three bodies in one wast empight.
tered, or to be uttered, with emphasis or stress emphyteutic (em-fi-tu'tik), a. [< LL. emphy- Spenser, F. Q., V. x. 8.
of voice as, the emphatic words in a sentence. teuticns, <emphyteuta, q. v.] Pertaining to em-
[< ME. empire, empyre, em-
:

— phyteusis; held on the form of tenure known empire (em'pir), n.

2. Forcibly significant expressive ; impres- ;

as emphyteusis taken on hire, for which rent

ptre (also emperie, emperye : see empery), < OF.
sive as, an emphatic gesture.
:

When I wish to group our three homes and their names

;

is to be paid: as, emphyteutic lands.

empire (also emperie), F. empire Pr. emperi, =
in an emphatic way, it certainly answers my purpose better We have distinct proof that what is called in Roman law enperi =
Sp. Pg. It. impcrio, < L. imperium, in-
to spealt of Angeln as Old England than to spealt of Eng- emphyteutic tenure was in use among the Greeks in tlie perium, command, control,dominion, sovereign-
land as New Angeln. E. A. Freeman, Amer. Lects., p. 28. case of sacred land. C. T. Newton, Art and Archasol. , p. 14.5. ty, a dominion, empire, < imperare, inperare,
His[Fox'slacceptanceof office would have been . . . . . . Emph3rteutiC lease. Same as bail A lonyues ann^es command, order, < in, in, on, parare, make +
the most emphatic demonstration of the union of all parties (wliich see. under hail-). ready, order : see ^mrf. Cf. imperial, etc.] 1.
against the invaders. Lecky, Eng. in 18th Cent., xiv. emphyteuticary (em-fi-tfl'ti-ka-ri), n. pi. em- Supreme power in governing ; imperial power
;

=SyiL Expressive, earnest, energetic, striking. phytcuticaries (-riz). [< LL. eniphyteuticarius, < dominion; sovereignty.
 :

empire 1903 emplaster

Your Maiestie (my most gracious Soueraigne) haue *ffap = E. /are, go.] I. a. 1. Same as eni^jri- He [Radcliffe] knew, it is true, that experience, the
•hewed your selfe to all the world, for this one and thirty cah — 2. Versed in physical experimentation:
safest guide after the mind is prepared for her instruc-
yeares space of your glorious raigne, aboue all other Princes
of Christendome, not onely fortunate, but also most suf-
as, an empiric alchemist. —
3. OiE or pertaining
tions by previous institution, is apt, without such prepa-
ration, to degenerate to a vulgai* and presumptuous em-
ficient vertuous and worthy of Empire. to the medical empirics. piricism.. V. Knox, Essays, xxxviii.
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. ST. It is accounted an error to commit a natural body to em- At present, he [Bacon] reflected, some were content to
He here stalks piric physicians. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. 17. rest in empiricism and isolated facts others ascended ;

Upon the heads of Romans, and their princes. One of an ancient sect of too hastily to first principles. E. A. Abbott, Bacon, p. 344.
Familiarly to empire. B. Jomon, Sejanus, Iv. 3. H. «. 1. [cap.'i
What is called empiricism is the application of super-
Westward the course of empire takes its way.
Greek physicians who maintained that practice ficial truths, recognized in a loose, unsystematic way, to
Bp. Berkeley, Arts and Learning in America. or experience, and not theory, is the foundation immediate and special needs.
of the science of medicine. i. P. Ward, Dynam. Sociol., II. 203.
If we do our duties as honestly and as much in the fear
of God as our forefathers did, we need not trouble our- Among the Greek physicians, those who founded their 2. In med., the practice of empirics; hence,
selves much about other titles to empire. practice on experience called themselves eyrtptricg; those quackery; the pretension of an ignorant per-
Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 244. who relied on theory, methodists and those who held a ;

middle course, dogmatists.

2. The country, region, or union of states or
territories under the jurisdiction and dominion
of an emperor or other powerful sovereign or
government ; usually, a territory of greater ex-
tent than a kingdom, which may be, and often
son to medical skill.
Flemiruj, Vocab. of Philos. (ed. Krauth), p. 157. Shudder to destroy life, either by the naked knife or
by the surer and safer medium of empiricism. Dun<jht.
2. An experimenter in medical practice, desti-
tute of adequate knowledge an irregular or 3. The metaphysical theory that all ideas are
unscientific physician ; more distinctively, a
;

derived from sensuous experience that is, —

is, of small e.\tent: as, the Roman or the Rus-
sian empire. The designation empire has been assumed
in modem times by some small or homogeneous mon-
archies, generally ephemeral but properly an empire
;
is an aggregate of conquered, colonized, or confederated
states, each with its own government subordinate or tritiu-
tary to that of the empire as a whole. Such were and are
all the great historical empires ; and in this sense the name
is applied appropriately to any large aggregation of sepa-
rate territories under one monarch, whatever his title may
be: as, the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian etnpiret;
the empire ot Aleiauder the Great; the British empire,
etc. See emperor, and Holy Boman Empire, below.
3. Supreme control; governing influence: rule;
sway : as, the empire of reason or of trutk.
We disdain
To do those servile ofBces, ofttimes
His foolish pride and empire will exact.
B. Jonton, Magnetick Lady, ilL 4.
The sword turns preacher, and dictates propositions by
quack or charlatan. that there are no innate or a priori conceptions.
It is not safe for the Church of Christ when bishops
The terms Empiricism, Empiricist, Empirical, although
commonly employed by metaphysicians with contempt
learn what belongeth unto government, as empirics leani
to mark a mode of investigation which admits no higher
physic, by killingof the sick. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, vii. 24.
source than experience (by them often unwarrantably
This is the cause why empirics and old women are more restricted to Sensation), may be accepted without demur,
happy many times in their cures than learned physicians, since even the flavor of contempt only serves to empha.
because they are more religious in holding their medicines. size the distinction.
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 198. G. H. Lewes, Probs. of Life and Mind, I. li. § 14.
There are many empiricks in the world who pretend to +
infalliblemethods of curing all patients. empiricist (em-pir'i-sist), «. [< empiric ist.']
Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. viii. 1. One who believes in philosophical empiri-
cism; one who regards sensuous experience as
Sntpirieka and mountebanks.
Shaftesbury, Advice to an Author, 11. § 2. the sole source of all ideas and knowledge.
3. In general, one who depends mainly upon Berkeley, as a consistent empiricist, saw that Sensation
itself up within its own home, and does not include
experience or intuition; one whose procedure shuts its object. The object must be supplied from without,
in any field of action or inquiry is too exclu- and he supplied it provisionally by the name of God.
sively empirical. S. A. Rev., CXX. 409.
The empiric, instead of ascending from sense to The empiricist can take no cognizance of anything that
. . .

Intellect (the natural progress of all true learning), . . . transcends experience. New Princeton Jtev., II. 169.
empire instead of arguments.
hurries, on the contrary, into the midst of sense, where he
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 18S5), L 690.
wanders afrandom without any end, and is lost in a laby-
2. A medical empiric.
It is to the very end of our days a struggle between our rinth of infinite particulars. Harris, Hermes, iv. empirictict, empiricutict (em-pi-rik'tik, em-
reason and our temper, which shall have the empire over pir-i-ku'tik), a. [An unmeaning extension of
us. Steele, Tatlir, So. 172. Vague generaliaations may form the stock-in-trade of
is an empiric notwithstand-
the political empirie, but he empiric.'] Empirical.
Circle of the empire. See eireU.— Eastern Empire, or ing. Stvbbi, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 91. The most sovereign prescription in Galen is but empiri-
Empire of the East, originally, that division of the Ko- = Syn. Mountebank, etc. See quack, n.
2. nttick. Shak., Cot., li. 1.
Duo empire which had it* seat in Constantinople. Its final
separation from the Western Empire dates from the death empirical (em-pir'i-kal), o. [< empiric -al.] + empirism (em'pi-rizm), n. [= F. empirisme =
of Tbeodoeius the Great (A. D. 395), wboae sons Arcadius
and Hooorliu receired respectively the eastern and west.
1. Pertaining to or derived from experience or Sp. Pg. It. empirismo =
D. Dan. empirisme =
experiments depending upon or derived from
;
Sw. empirism, < NL. "empirismus, < Gr. Ifiirei-
em divisions of the Boman dominion. After the fall of the observation of phenomena.
the Western Empire, the Empire ot the East is commonly po(, experienced: see empiric.'] Empiricism.
known as the Byzantine empire. It continued until the In philosophical language the term empirical means aim- [Rare.]
capture of ConsUntinople by the Turks in 1453.— Empire ply what belongs to or is the product of experience or ob-
It is to this sense [second muscular], mainly, that we
Olty, the city of New York so called as being the chief
; servation. Sir W. Hamilton.
owe the conception of force, the origin of which empirism
city of the Empire State, and the commercial metropolis Now here again we may observe the
error into which
of the United SUtes. —
Empire State, tlM SUte of New could never otherwise explain.
Locke waa led by confounding the cause of our ideas with G. S. Hall, German Culture, p. 219.
York so called from its superior population and wealth
:
their occasion. There can be no idea, he argues, prior to
as compared with the other States of the Union.— Holy experience; granted. Therefore he concludes the mind empiristic (em-pi-ris'tik), a. Of or pertaining
1t£mm-n Bmplre, the German-Roman empire in western
previous to it Is, as it were, a tabula rasa, owing every to empiricism or to the empiricists; empirical.
and central Europe (in later times commonly styled the notion which It gains primarily to an empirical source.
Oerman empire), which, after a lapse of more than three [Rare.]
J. D. Morell.
hnndred years, reunited a large portion of the territorie* The empiristic view which Helmholtz defends is that
formerly belonging to the Western Empire. The union of The empirical generalization that guides the farmer in
the space^letennlnatlona we perceive are in every case
the German royal and Koman imperial crowns began with his rotation of crops serves to bring his actions into con-
products of a process of unconscious inference.
Cbarlee the Great or Charleniagne, king of the Franks, who cord with certain of the actions going on in plants and XIL
W. James, Mind, 645.
was crowned emperor by tlie Pope at Rome A. D. 800 ; but solL H. Spencer, Prin. of Biol., 5 28.
the line of Oerman kings who were at the same time Holy Empis (em'pis), n. [NL. (Linneeus, 1767), <
2. Derived, as a general proposition, from a
Roman emperors begins woperly with Otbo the Great, Gr. f ^n-if (t/jTrid-), a mosquito, gnat, larva of the
crowned emperor in 902. The empire was regarded a* the narrow range of observation, without any war-
rant for its exactitude or for its wider validity. gadfly cf. Jpis^.] The typical genus of the
;
temporal form of a theoretically nnivenal dominion, wboee
•piri tnal head was the Pope, and the earlier emperors were
Family Empidce.
The empiriaU diagram only represents the relative num- pret. and pp. em-
ber and position of the parts. Just as a careful observation emplace
crowned at Rome by the splritiul mlers of Christendom. (em-plas'), t>. t. ;

The empire continued under monarchs of the Saxon, Fran- shows them In the fiower but if the diagram also indi-
; placed, ppr. emplacing. [< OF. emplader, place,
conian, and Hohenstaufendynaatiee, paaslngln 1273 to the
Aiutrian house of Hapsburg, the members of which line
cates the places where members are suppressed, ... I employ, < en- placer, place: see place.] To +
call it a theoretical diagram. place; locate. [Rare.]
remained in uninterrupted possession of the empire from Sachs, Botany (trans.), p. 525.
1438 until iU final extinction in 180& It had long pre- They (Iranic buildings] were emplaced on terraces fonn-
It is all impossible that Henry II. may have been
not at
Tioosly lost the greater part of the external territories
pupils of Vacarius certainly he was more of
ed of vast blocks of hewn stone, and were approached by
which had entitled It to be called Roman ; and its final among the :

staircases of striking and unusual design.

dissolatkm was due to the conquesta and encroachments
of Napoleon I. (See emperor.) The emperors were elected
In certain of the more powerful (Jcrman princes called
electotv, whose number was definitely fixed at seven by the
Golden Bull of 1356. and remained at that number with but
sliuht changes —The Celeatlal Empire. See eelatieU.
a lawyer than mere empirical education could make him. a. Bawlinson, Origin of Nations, i. 101.
Stuibs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 303.
emplacement (em-plas'ment), n. [< F. emplace-
3. Pertaining to the medical practice of an
ment, < OF. emplader, place see emplace.] 1. :
empiric, in either of the medical senses of that
word; hence, charlatanical ; quackish. A placing or fixing in place location. [Rare.] ;

—Weetem Empire, the distinctive designation of the The empirical treatment he submitted to hastened
. . .
But till recently it was impossible to give to Uz any
western portion of the Roman worid after lis division Into his en<L Goldsmith, Bolingbroke. more definite etnjHacem^nt.
two independent empires In A. D. 396. (.See Battem Jim- G. Rawlinson, Origin of Nations, it. 241.

fire, above.) Its power very rapidly declined nnder the

inroads of barbarian* and other adverse influences, and it
wai finally extingiliilied In A. D. 47&'Syn. 1. Sway, do-
minion, rule, re^n,' ^OTemment, supremacy.
empirezna (em-pi-re'mK), n. ; pi. empiremata
(-mii-tii). [N'L., < Gr. as if 'tfintlpriiia, < t/iTfi-
ptlv, be experienced in, < linrttpof, experienced
see empiric. In logic, s proposition grounded
'i
Empirical certainty, cognition, ego. Idealism, etc.
See the nouns.— Empirical formula or law, a formula 2. Place or site. Specifically, in fort.: (a) The space
within a fortification allotted for the position and service
which sufficiently satisfies certain ol«servutions, but which
not supported by any established theory or probable of a gun or battery.
is
hypothesis, so that it cannot be relied upon far beyond The emplacements should be connected with each other
the conditions of the oliservations upon which it rests. and with the barracks by screened roads.
Thus, the fommla of Dulong and Petit expressing the re. Nature, XXXVI. 36.
lation between the temperature of a Imdy and its radia.
(b) Tlic idatform orbed prepared for agun and its carriage.
tlve power cannot Ije extended to the calculation of the
emplastert (em-plas'tfer), «. [< ME. enplastre,
heat of the sun. since there is no reason for supposing

upon experience. Also spelled empeirema. < OF. emphistrc, F. empldtre= Pr. emplastre
that it would approximate to the truth so far l>eyond the
=
empiresnlp (em'pir-ship), n. The power, sover- temperatures at which the experiments were made.
Sp. emplasto Pg. emplastro = It. empiastro, =
eiRuty, or dominion of an empire. empirically (em-pir'i-kal-i), adv. In an em- impiastro, < L. emplastrtim, a plaster, also, in
England has seized the empiretkip of India. pirical manner by experiment according to ;
horticulture, the band of bark which surrounds
;

Liljrary Matj., July, 1886. experience without science ; in the manner the eye in ingrafting, the scutcheon, < Gr. Ifi-
;

empiric fem-pir'ik), a. and n. [Formerly em- of quacks. K'/MCTpov (also lfiv?M(yTpo() and ijm'AaaTov, with
pirich; i OF. empiriaue, F. empirique = Sp. em- Every science begins by accumulating observations, and or without (iMpf/amv, a plaster or salve, neut.
pirico = Pg. It. emjHrico (cf D. G. empirisch = presently generalizes these empiricalt}/.
. of f//7r?.a(TT0f, daubed on or over, < iittrTManuv,
H. Spencer, DaU of Ethics, 9 22.
Dan. 8w. empirisk), < L. empiricui, < Gr. i/in-cipi- plaster up, stuff in, < iv, in, + Kl&oauv, form,
ii6r, experienced (oi 'EuznptKni, the Empirics empiricism (em-pir'i-sizm), n. [< empiric + mold. Abbr. plaster, q. v.] A plaster.
see II., 1), < in-npia, experience, mere experi- -ixm. ^e empiric.'] 1. The character of being The spirits are smiainly moved both from vapours and
ence or practice without knowledge, esp. in empirical; reliance on direct experience and passions, and the parts by bathes, unguents, or em- . . .

medicine, empiricism, < l/nreipoi:, experienced observation rather than on theory; empirical plaisters. Bacon, On Learning, iv. 2.
or practised in, < iv, in, + Tre'tpa, a trial, ex- method; especially, an undue reliance upon All emplasteri applied to the breasts ought to have a
Wiseman, Surgery.
periment, attempt ; akin to T^&poi, a way, < 'ircp. mere individual experience. hole for the nipples.
 ; ; !

emplaster 1904 emporium

You must use See, sweet, here are the engines [an iron crow and a hal-
emplastert (em-plas't6r), V. t. [< ME. emplas- The best of your discretion to employ ter] tliat must do
tren, < OF. emplastrer, F. empUtrer = Pr. em-
't.

This gift as I intend it. My stay Imtli been prolonged

piastrar =
Sp. emplastar Pg. emplastar = = Ford, Broken Heart, iii. 5. With Imnting obscure nooks for tiiese employments.
It. empiastrare, impiastrare, < L. emplastrare,
Chapman, Widow's Tears.
4. To occupy; use; apply or devote to an ob- =Syn. 2. Vocatwii, Trade, etc. (see occupation); function,
gntt, bud, Mil. plaster. Cf. Gr. ifiirhiaTpoiv, ject; pass in occupation : as, toemjjtoyanhour, post, employ.
put on a plaster, < ifi-'Mcrpov, a plaster: see a day, or a week ; to employ one's life. emplume (em-plom'), v. t.; pret. and pp. em-
emplaster, n. Abbr. plaster, q. v.] 1. To cover Some men employ their liealth, an ugly trick, 2>lumed, Tppr. enipluming. [< c?rt-l jihone.] To +
with or as with a plaster; gloss over; palliate. In making known how oft they have been sick, adorn with or as if with plumes or feathers.
Parde, als fair as ye his name emplastre. And give us in recitals of disease
A doctor's trouble, but witliout the tees.
Angelhoods, emplumed
He ISolomonJ was a leccliour ami an ydolastre. In such ringlets of pure glory.
Chaucer, Mercliant'8 Taie, 1. 1053. Cowper, Conversation, 1. 311.
Mrs. Broivning, Song for Ragged Scliools.
2. To graft or bnd. The friends of liberty wasted ... the time which ought
to have been emi)(oi/«d
' in preparing for vigorous national emplungeti implunget (em-, im-plunj'), V. t.

The tree that shall emptmtred be therby, defense. Macaulay, Sir J. Mackintosh. [< eniA, im-, + plunge.^ To plunge immerse. ;
Take of the senime, and bark, and therto bynde
This gemme unhurt. — Syn. 2. Employ, Hire. Hire and employ^ are words of Malbecco, seeing iiow his losse did lye, . . .

Patiadiue, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 161. different meaning. To hire is to engage in service for Into huge waves of griefe and gealosye
wages. Tlie word does not imply dignity ; it is not cus- Full deepe emptonged was, and drowned nye.
emplastic (em-plas'tik), a. and n. [< Gr. f^- tomary to speak of hiring a teacher or a pastor ; we hire Spenser, F. Q., III. x. 17.
jrXaoTiKOf, stopping the pores, clogging, < iii- a man for wages ; we employ him for wages or a salary. That hell
z'/Moaecv, plaster up, stop up, stuff in, etc. : see
To employ is thus a word of wider signification. A man Of Iiorrour, whereinto she was so suddenly emplung'd.
hired to labor is employed, but a man may l)e employed Daniel, Hymen's Triumph.
emplaster, h.] I. a. Viscous'; glutinous; adhe- in a work wlio is not hired ; yet the presumption is that
sive; fit to be applied as a plaster: as, emplas- the one employing pays. Employ expresses continuous empodium
" (cm-p6'di-um), ». pi. empodia (-a).
-
tic applications. occupation more often than Aire does. [JJ'L., <
.
Gr. », in,. .
+.
ttov^ (jrorf-)
,
E. foot. Cf.
.
=
H, H. A constipating medicine. employ (em-ploi'), «• [< F- emploi =
Sp. em- Gr. iinrddioq, at one's feet, in the way, similarly
emplastrationt, «. The act of budding or graft- pleo = Pg. emprego = It. impiego ; from the
formed.] In entom., a claw-like organ which in
ing. verb.] Occupation; employment. many genera of insects is seen between the
Solempnyte Iiath emplagtracton, As to tlie genius of tlie people, they are industrious, . . .
ungues or true claws, it agrees with the true claws
Wherof Ijeforne is taught the diligence. but luxurious and extravagant on the days when they in sti'uctnre, and by some authors is called spurious claw.
Palladius, Husbondrie (K K
T. S.), p. 165. have repose from their employs. It is prominent in lucanid beetles. The tenn was first
Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 10. used by Nitzch.
empleadt, »• * See implead.
[< Gr. eimleKToq,
With due respect and joy, empoison (em-poi'zn), V. t. [< ME. empoysonen,
emplectite (em-plek'tit), «. I trace the matron at her loved employ.
inwoven (see emplectum), + -ite^.] A sulpMd Crabbe, Works, I. 58.
enpoisonen, enpoysonen, < OP. empoisonner, en-
of bismuth and copper, occurring in prismatic It happens that your true dull minds are generally pre-
poisonner, F. empoisonner, < en- poisonner, +
crystals of a grayish or tin-white color and ferred for public employ, and especially promoted to city poison: see ^wison.l To poison; affect with
bright metallic luster. honors your keen intellects, like razors, being considered
;
or as if with poison act noxiously upon em-
; ;

too sharp for common service. bitter. [Obsolete or archaic in all uses.]
emplecttiiii, emplecton (em-plek'tum, -ton), IrmTig, Knickerbocker, p. 161.
n. [L., < Gr. iinrMKTov, rubble-work, neut. of And aftre was this Soudan enpoysound at Damasce and ;

employable (em-ploi'a-bl), a. [< employ + his Sone thoglite to regne aftre him be Heritage.
euTTMh-roi, inwoven, < k/zir^KEiv, inweave, en- MdndevUle, Travels,
twine, entangle, < h, in, v'Mkuv, weave.] + -able.] That may be employed; capable of p. 37.

being used ; fit or proper for use. A man by his own alms empoison'd.
In arch., either of two kinds of masonry in use And with his charity slain. Shak., Cor., v. 5.
(oh-plwo-ya'), ?i. The French form of
among the Greeks and Romans, and other peo- employ^ The whole earth appears unto him blasted with a curse,
emploiiee.
ples. (a) That kind of solid masonry in regular courses -, - /.j n , , • and empoisoned with the venom of the serpent.
tu whicli the courses are formed alternately entirely of employedneSS (em-ploi ed-nes), n The state Situation of Paradise (1683), p. 62.
blocks presenting one of their sides to the exterior and of being employed Yet Envy, spite of lier empoisoned breast.
entirely of blocks presenting their ends to the exterior. Things yet less consistent with chemistry and employed- Shall say, I lived in grace here with the best.
Sometimes the [Etruscan] wall is built in alternate 1USS than with freedom, or with truth. B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1.

courses, in the style which has been called emplecton, the Boyle, Works, VI. 38. That these disdaineons females and this ferocious old
ends of the stones being exposed in one course, and the -eel, after + woman are placed here by the administration, not only to
employee (em-ploi-e'), n. [< employ
gides in the other. G. RawUnson, Orig. of Nations, i. 114. empoison the voyagers, but to affront them
F. employe, fern, employee, one employed, pp. of Dickens, Mugby Junction, iiL
That kind of masonry, much used in ancient forti-
(6)
on both employer, employ.] One who works for an em-
flcation-walls, etc., in which the outside surfaces (em-poi'zn-er), n. [< ME. empoy-
sides are fonned of ployer; a person working for salary or wages: empoisonert One who poi-
soner, < empoysonen, empoison.]
ashler laid in regular applied to any one so working, but usually
courses, and the in- sons.
only to clerks, workmen, laborers, etc., and Thus ended ben thise honiicydes two,
closed space between
thera is filled in with but rarely to the higher officers of a corporation And eek the false empoysoner also.
rul>ble-work, cross- or government, or to domestic ser\'ants: as, Chamer, Pardoner's Tale (ed. Skeat), C. 1. 894.
stones being usually the employees of a railroad company. [Often empoisonment (em-poi'zn-ment), n. [< F. em-
placed intervals, English
at
written employe or employe even as an poisonnement, < empoisonner, empoison: see em-
either in courses or as Emplectum {b).
ties extending from face word.] poison and -ment.'] The act of administering
to face of the wall, and binding the whole together. The To keep the capital thus invested [in materials for rail-
poison ; the state of being poisoned a poison- ;

term is, however, a loose one, and can he applied to any way construction], and also a large staff of employes, ing. [Rare.]
sort of masonry of greater thickness than tlie width of a standing idle entails loss, partly negative, partly positive.
//. Spencer, Railway Jlorals. It were dangerous for secret empoisonments. Bacon,
single block, and so laid that the wall is bound together
by some regular alternation of blocks placed lengthwise [= F. employeur.1 The graver blood empoisonments of yellow and other
anil endwise. Sometimes erroneously written ernjjfecd'on. employer (era-ploi'6r), n.
fevers. Alien, and Neurol., V'l. 45.
See implead. One who employs ; a user ; a person engaging
emplete, v. t.
empoldered (em-p61'd6rd), a. [< era-1 -f- pol-
A Middle English variant of im- or keeping others in service.
empliet, v. t.
By a short contract you are sure of making it the inter-
der + -ed2.] Reclaimed and brought into the
ply.
est of the contractor to exert that skill for the satisfac-
condition of a polder ; brought under cultiva-
emploret (em-pl6r'), v. t. An obsolete form of Burke, Economical Reform See ^polder.
implore.
tion of his employers. tion. - - ....
....
Employers and Workmen Act, an English statute of emporetict, Omporeticalt (em-po-ret'ik, - i.jjjji.,^
employ (em-ploi'), V. t. [Formerly also imploy; 1875 (38 and 39 Vict., c. 90), which enlarges the powers of ^_ r^ Jj. emporeticus for *emporeuticus, < Gr.
< OF. employer, emploier (early *emplier : see county courts in disputes between inasters and employees,
^^op^^^^iif, mercantile, commercial, < k/i77opev-
emplie, imply), F. employer Pr. emj)leiar Sp. = = and gives other courts certam civil jurisdiction such m 'f' '^4._„ j „+,„<«„ .
emponum.]1 Of
cases -Employers' Llahility Act, an English statute caOat, trade, traffic : „oa
see /.«,««v,-«™ Ot nr
or Tinr-
per-
emplear =
Pg. empregar It. impiegare, < L. = of 1880, securing to employees a right to damages for in. taining to an emporium; relatmg to mercuan-
implicare, infold, involve, engage, < in, in, -I- juries resulting from negligence on the part of the em- djge.
njjcare, fold: see pJtcate, and cf. Jmphcate and pioyer.
Ployf- - ATnnnris'h+ ».
» «. PulE. enporyshen, < OF. empo-
emporisht,
.-„ n t
imply.^ It. To inclose; infold.— 2. To give employment (em-ploi'ment),M. [Formerly also ^J^*;r"nntr>,ctP
riss-, contracted stem of certain parts of empo-
occupation to; make use of the time, attention imployment ; < employ -ment.'] 1. The act
vrir, cmpoverer, make poor: see empover, and
or labor of ; keep busy or at work ; use as an of of being
employing or using, or the state impoverish, of which emporish is ult. a con-
agent. employed. tracted form.] To impoverish
Nothing advances a business more than when he that The hand of little employment hath the daintier sense. And where as the coloryng of foreyns byeng and sell-
emplm/ed is believed to know the mind, and to liave the Shak., Hamlet, v. 1.
is yng and pryuee markettes be mayntaned by suffrans of
heart, of him that sends him. Donne, Sermons, v. Tlie increasing use of the pointed arch is to be clearly vntrewe fremen such as kepe innes, logynges and lierlio-
Tell him I have some business to employ him. traced, from its first timid employment in construction, rowyng of foreyns and straungers to the hurt aud enpo-
till it appears where no constructive advantage is gained rysshyng of fremen.
B. Jonson, Every Man in liis Humour, L 1.
by it. C. E. Norton, Church-building in Middle Ages, p. 27. Arnold's Chronicle, 1502 (ed. 1811, p. 83).
The mellow harp did not their ears employ.
And mute was all the warlike symphony. 2. Work or business of any kind, physical or emporium (em-p6'ri-um). Sp. Pg. It. [=
Dryden, tr.Metamorph., xii. 218.
of Ovid's mental that which engages the head or hands
; cmporio, < Ij. emporium, < Gr. e/ijrdptov, a trad-
This is a day in which the thoughts of our countrymen anything that occupies time or attention ; office ing-place, mart, exchange, < ifiiropia, trade,
ought to t>e employed on serious subjects. or position involving business: as, agricultural commerce, < c/i7Topoc, a passenger, traveler,
Addison, Freeholder.
employments ; mechanical employments ; public merchant, < ev, in, -t- ffdpof, a way (cf. eu~opev-
3. To make use of as an instrument or means employment. cuBai, travel, trade, TTopevcaOai, travel, fare), <
apply to any purpose : as, to employ medicines I left the Imployment [logwood trade], yet with a de- / *TTep, nap = E. /are.] 1 place of trade a . A ;

in curing diseases. sign to return hither after I had been in England. mart a town or city of important commerce,
;
Dampier, Voyages, II. ii. 131.
Xii d, halfe to be employed to the vse of the said Cite, especially one in which the commerce of an
The dayly employment of these Recluses is to trim the
and the Oder halfe to the sustentacion of the said flrater-
Lamps, and to make devotional visits and processions to
extensive country centers, or to which sellers
English Gilds (E. E. T. 8.), p. 336.
nltc.
the several Sanctuaries in the Church. and buyers resort from other cities or coun-
Poesie ought not to be abased and imployed vpon any Maundrell, Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 71. tries a commercial center.
vnworthy matter & subject.
;

Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 18. M. Dumont might easily have found employments more [Lyons! is esteemed the principall emporium or mart
gratifying to personal vanity than that of arranging works towne ot all France next to Paris. Coi-yat, Crudities, I. 59.
Thou Shalt not destroy the trees, . . . and thou shalt not his own. Macaulay, Mirabeau.
That wonderful emporium [Manchester], which in popu-
not cut them down ... to employ them in the siege.
An implement. Nares, [Rare.] lation and wealth tar surpasses capitals so much renowned
iieut. XX. 19. 3t.
 ! : . ::;

emporium 1905 empty

Berlin, Madrid, and Lisbon, was then a mean and ill- expedition, enterprise, < empris, pp. of empren- And thaugh the brigge hadde ben all clene empty it
bailt nuu-ket-town, containing under six thousand people.
MacatUay, Hist. Eng., iii.
dre, enprendre =
Sp. emprender Pg. emprehen- = hadde not be no light thinge for to haue passed.
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 288.
der =
It. imprendere, undertake, < L. in, in, on,
Teai-8 of the widower, when he sees
2. A
bazaar a shop or store for the sale of a
;
+j>rehendere,prendere,ta,ke, seize: see preliend, A late-lost form that sleep reveals,
great variety of articles. apprehend, etc., and cf. enterprise, equiv. to em- And moves his doulHful arms, and feels
It is pride, avarice, or voluptuousness which fills our prise, but with diff. prefix.] An undertaking; Her place is empty. Tennyson, In Memoriam, xiii.
streets, our emporiums, our theatres with all the bustle of an enterprise ; an adventure ; also, adventur- At the Round Table of King Arthur there was left al-
business and alacrity of motion. ways one seat empty for him who should accomplish the
Knoz, The Lord's Supper, xxi.
V.
ousness. AXso emprize. [Now chiefly poetical.] adventure of the Holy Grail.
Ye beene tall. Among my
He was clad in a new collection of garments which he And large of limb atchleve an hard emprize.
Lowell, Books, 2d ser., p. 124.

had bought at a large ready-made clothing emporium that

t*
Speiuer, S. Q., IIL iii. 2. Void; devoid; destitute of some essential
morning. The Century, XXXV. 678. 53.
One hundred and sixty-six lances were broken, when quality or component.
3t. In ane. med., the brain, becatise there all
the emprise was declared to be fairly achieved. Art thou thus bolden'd, man, by thy distress.
mental affairs are transacted, Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., Int. Or else a rude despiser of good manners.
empoundt (em-pound'), c. t. See impound. The deeds of high emprise 1 sing. That in civility thou seeni'st so empty?
[Early mod. E. enpover; < OF. Longfellow, Wayside Inn, Interlude. Shak., As you Like it, ii. 7.
empovert, f- t.
einpovrir, enpoverir, enpauvrir, empoverer, make empriset, v. t. [< emprise, n.] To undertake.
They are honest, wise,
Not empty of one ornament of man.
poor see emporisk and
: impoverish.'] To impov- In secret drifts I linger'd day and night, Beau, and Fl., Knight of Malta, i. 3,
erish. All how I might depose this cruel king.
Lest they should themselves enpover That seem'd to all so much desired a thing, 3. Destitute of force, effect, significance, or
And be brought into decaye. As thereto trusting I emprised the same. value without valuable content meaningless
; ;

Ro'j and Barlow, Rede Me and Be nott Wrothe, p. 100. SackvUle, Duke of Buckingham, st. 58. as, empty words empty compliments. ;

empoverisht (em-pov'6r-ish), t). t. See impov- emprisont (em-priz'n), v. t. An obsolete form A word may be of great credit with several authors,
. . .

erish. of impri.-:on. and be by them made use of as if it stood for some real
being but yethe that reads caimot frame any distinct
if
empower (em-pou'6r), V. t. [Formerly also im- emprosthO'tonOS (em-pros-thot'o-nos), n. [< ;

idea of that being, it is certain to him a mef e empty sound,

l>ower; < em-1 power. + 1. To give power or Or. c/i~poa6oTttvo^, dra'wn forward and stiJEened
'i without a meaning, and he learns no more by all that is
authority to authorize, as by law, commission, (deriv. i/nrpooBoTovia, tetanic procurvation), <
; said of it, or attributed to it, than if it were afiirmed only
letter of attorney, verbal license, etc.: as, the i/twpoa6ev, in front, forward, before (< iv, in, of that bare empty sound.

commissioner is empowered to make terms. +

irpdaikv, before), -I- niveiv, stretch, t6voc, a
Locke, Conduct of Understanding, § 28,

stretching.] In pathol., tonic muscular spasm, In nice balance, truth with gold she weighs,
Him he trusts with every key And solid pudding against empty praise.
Of highest charge, impow'ring him to Frame, bending the body forward, or in the opposite di- Pope, Dunciad, i. 54.
As he thought best, his whole (Economy. rection from opisthotonos. Also called epistho-
J. Beaumont, Psyche, i. 143. A concept to be considered as empty and as referring
is
tonos. to no object, if the synthesis which it contains does not
The Regulating Act emvotcered the Crown to re-
. . .
emptet, v. An obsolete form of empty. belong to experience.
move him [Hastings] on an address from the Company. Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, tr. by Max Midler.
Macaulay, Warren Hastings. emptier (emp'ti-*r), ». One who or that which
empties or exhausts. Death and misery
2. To impart power or force to ; give eflScacy But empty names were grown to be.
For the Lord bathe turned away the glory of Jaak6b, William Morris, Earthly Paradise,
to ; enable. as the glorie of Israel : for the emptiers haue emptied
I. 366.

Does not the same force that enables them to heal em- them out and marred their vine branches. 4. Destitute of knowledge or sense ignorant: ;

potver them to destroy ? Baker, Red. on Learning. GeTieva Bible, Nahum iL 2. as, an empty coxcomb.
= Syn. To commission, licenae, warrant, qualify.
1. emptiness (emp'ti-nes), ». [< empty + -ness.'] Qaping wonder of the empty crowd.
empresario (em-pre-e&'ri-o), n. fop. empresa- 1 The state of being empty the state of con-
. ; William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 160.
rio =
Pg. emjyrezario =
It. impresario, an un- taining nothing, or nothing but air: as, the 6. Forlorn from destitution or deprivation
dertaker, manager, theatrical manager: see im- emptiness of a vessel. desolate; deserted.
premrio.} 1. In parts of the United States The moderation of slepe must be measured by helthe She INineveh] is empty, and void, and waste.
acquired from Mexico, one who projects and and ayckenes, by age, by time, by emplyness or fulnesse Nahum ii. 10.
manages a mercantile or similar enterprise, or of the body, &
by uaturall coniulextons.
Sir T. Eiyut, Castle o( Health, ii. Rose up against him a great fiery wall.
takes a leading part in it, for his own profit and Built of vain longing and regret and fear.
at his own risk, u.sually implying the possession His coffers sound Dull empty loneliness, and blank despair.
With hollow poverty and emptintss. William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III.
and control of a concession or p^int from gov- Shak., 2 Hen. IV., i. 3.
359,

ernment in the nature of a privilege or monop- 8. Wanting substance or solidity ; lacking re-
2. Lack of food ia the
oly. —
2. More specifically, a contractor who en-
fasting.
stomach; a state of
ality; unsubstantial; unsatisfactory: as, empty
gages with the Mexican government to intro- air; em^ty dreams; cmp% pleasures.
duce a body of foreign settlers. Also called Monks, anchorites, and the like, after much emptiness,
become melancholy. Burton, Anat. of MeL, p. 611. Frivolities which seemed empty as bubbles.
htibladore. Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, I.

ME. empreste, emper- 3. Void space ; a vacuum.

empress (em'pres), n. [<
7t. Not burdened; not bearing a burden or a
esae, emperes, emperise, emperiee, emprise, int-
peres, < OF. empereis, empereris, empereresse, P.
Nor could another your room have been.
in
Except an emptiness had come between. Dryden. rider: as, an empty horse. 8. — Not supplied;
without provision.
impiratrice =
Pr. emperairitz 8p. emperatriz = 4. Want of solidity or substance.
They beat him, and sent him away empty.
= Pg. imperatriz =
It. imperatrice, < L. impera- TIs this which causes the graces and the loves ... to
. . .

Mark xii. 3.
trii, inperatrix, aco. -tricem, fern, of imperator, subsist in the emptitiess of light and shadow.
Dryden, of Uufresnoy's Art of Painting, Pref. They all knowing Smith would not retume emptie. If It
inperator, emperor : see emperor.'] 1. woman A tr.
were to be had.
who rules over an empire ; a woman invested 5. Unsatisf actorincMS ; insufilciency to satisfy Quoted in Capt. John Smith's True Travels, I. 205.
with imperial power or sovereignty. the mind or heart worthlessness.
;
9. Wanting food ; fasting ; hungry.
Mary, moder, bleaayd mayde, O frail estate of human things. My falcon now is sharp, and passing empty.
Queue of hevyn, Imperet of belle, Now to our coat your emptiness we know. Ihyden.
Shak., T. of the S., iv. 1.
Sende me grace both nnt and daye Form the Judgment atwut the worth or emptiuens of
Babeee Book (E. E. T. 8.), p. 368. things here, according as they are or are not of use in 10. Bearing no fruit; without useful product.
And torerelgn Uw, that atate'i collected will. relation to what ia to come after. Bp, Atterbury, Seven empty ears blasted with the east wind.
O'er throne* and globes, elate, Gen. xli. 27.
Bits emprest, crowning good, repressing 111. 6. Want of understanding or knowledge; vacu-
ity of mind ; inanity. Israel is an empty vine. Hos. x. 1.
Sir W. Jonet, Ode in Imitation of Alcaos.
Eternal smiles his emptiness betray. 11. Producing no effect or result; ineffectual.
2. The wife or the widow of an emperor: in the
Pope, Prol. to Satires, 1. 315. sword of Saul returned not empty.
T3ie 2 Sam. i. 22.
latter case called specifically empress dowager.
Knowledge is now no more a fountain seal'd Only the case.
She sweeps It through the court with troops of ladies, Drink deep, until the habits of the slave,
More like an emprem than duke Humphrey's wife. Her own poor work, her empty labour, left.
The sins of emptiness, gossip and spite "Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine.
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., i. 3. And slander, die. Tetmyson, Princess, il.

Not Cmnr't *mpnu would I deign to prove. Vanity, hollownesa, nothingness.

Empty engine, a locomotive running without a car or
Pope, Elolsa to Abelard, I. 87.
^Syn. S. train attached. [CoIIoq.] =8yn. 1. Void, etc. (see vacant);
emption (emp'shon), «. [< L. emptio(n-), a unoccupied, bare, unftirniahed. 4. Weak, silly, senseless. —
Empress Cloth, a woolen stuff for women's wear, having
a fint-ly repjied or rordeil surface.— Empress ^Uze, a
buying, < emptiis, pp. of emere, buy, orig. take: — 6. Unsatisfying, vain, hollow.

fine trajupareut stuff, made of silk, or silk and Imen. and see adempt, exempt, redeem, redemption, etc.] 1 II. n. pi. empties (-tiz).
;
An empty vessel
having a design, osually of a flower-pattern, woven in in Buying; purchase. [Rare.] 2t. That which — or other receptacle, as a box or sack, packing-
case, etc.; an empty vehicle, as a cab, freight-
silk.
is bought provision supply.
;
;

empresset, r. i. See impress'^. car, etc. as, returned empties. [CoUoq.]

He that stands charged with my Lordes House for the :

empressement (on-pres'mon), n. fF., < em- houU Yeir, if he maye possible, shall he at all Faires, "Well," says Leigh Hunt, "I found him [a cabman]
jinxsrr, rctl., be eager, bustling, ardent, for- where the grolce Emotions shall be Ix)ughte for the returning from Hammersmith, and he said as an empty
ward: gee impress^!} Eagerness; cordiality; House for the houll Veir, as Wine, Wax, Beiffes, Multons, he would take me for half fare." .

demonstrative demeanor, Wheite and .Malt. (l.',12.) Frances Grundy, in Personal Traits of British Authors,
Quoted In Bourne's Pop. Antiq. (1777), p. 360. [p. 241.
empridet (em-prid' ), «. t. [ME. empriden; < em-i
+ pridt
.] To excite pride in; make proud. emptionalt (emj)'shon-al), o. [< emption + -a/.] empty (emp'ti), V. pret. and pp. emptied, ppr. ;

That may be purchased. emptying. [Also E. dial, empt ; < ME. empten,
And whenne thisJoumee was done. Fausamy was gret-
ly empriilede therofr, and went into the kynift'S palace for empty (emp'ti), a. and n. [< ME. empty, emty, tr. make empty, intr. be or become vacant, <
to take the qwene Ulyuipias ont4> of it, and haft> hir with cmti, amti, < AS. wmtig, emtig, eemetig, emetig, AS. (Emtian, intr., be vacant, be at leisure, <
hym. MS. Uncoln, A. L 17, fol. 8. vacant, empty, free, idle, < 'anneta, wmetla, tem- "cemeta, cemetta, leisure sete empty, a., on which :

emprintt (em -print'), n. and r. An obsolete ta, leisure (cf. the verb cemtian, be at leisure).] the verb in mod. use directly depends.] I.
form of imprint. I, a. 1. C'ontainingnothing, or nothing but air; trans. 1 To deprive of contents remove, pour,
. ;

emprise fem-priz'), n. [< ME. emprise, enprise, void of its usual or of appropriate contents; or draw out the contents from make vacant ;

< OF. emprise (= Pr. empreza, empreiza = Sp. vacant unoccupied saicf of any inclosure or
; : with o/ before the thing removed: as, to empty
emprrsu = Pg. empreza, empresa = It. impresa ; allotted space as, an cm/>^.i/ house or room an
: ; a well or a cistern; to empty a pitcher or a
ML, imnrisa, imprista, impresia), undertaking, empty chest or purse ; an empty chair or saddle. purse to empty a house of its occupants.
;
 — ; :

empty 1906 emulate

80 help me God, therby shal lie nat wlnne, or chlamydospores produce hyphce. At the tip of each is empyxical (em-pir'i-kal), a. [< Gr. l/iirvpo^, in
- " ^
Bat empte his puree, and make his wittes thinne. formed a single conidium in a sporangium similar to that -•
fire," on fire: see empyreal.l Of or pertaining
-

Chaucer^ Prol. to Canon's Yeoman's Tale, I. 188. of Mucor; or, instead of conidia, thick, walled and spherical
resting spores may be formed, either asexually or by con- to combustion or combustibility. [Bare.]
The Plague hath emptitd its houses, and the fire con- Twenty-six species are now known in the United
StiUingfteet, Sermons, I. vi.
jugation. Of these and some other empyHcal marks I shall say no
muned them.
States, growing upon insects of all the hexapod orders. more, as they do not tell us the defects of the soils.
He, on whom from both her open hands
Larish Honour shower d all her stars.
empuset (em-pus'); «• ["^ ML. empnsa, < Gr. Kirwan, Manures, p. 81.
i/inovca, a hobgoblin assuming various shapes empytosist (em-pi-ro'sis), ». [NL., < Gr. f//-
And affluent Fortune fmptied all her horn.
Tfnnynon, Death of Wellington. sometimes identified with Hecate.'\ goblin A TTvpuai^, a kindling, heating, < i/nrvp6eiv, equiv.
2. To draw out, pour out, or otherwise remove or specter. Jer. Taylor. tocfiTTvpcvctv, kindle: see empyreuma.'\ gen- A
or discharge, as the contents of a vessel com- EmpU8ld8e(em-pu'8i-de),M.pZ. [NL.,<EmpMsa,
:
eral fire ; a conflagration.
monly with out: as, to empty out the water from 1, +
-idce.'\ Afamilyof OrWioptero, taking name The former opinion, that held these cataclisms and evi-
a pitcher. from the genus Empusa. Burmcistcr, 1838. 2)i/rof<es universal, was such as held that it put a total Con-

What l>e these two olive branches which through the empuzzlet (em-puz'l), v. t. [< em-^
puzsle.1
that of conflagration.
+
summation unto things in this lower world, especially
Sir M. Hale, Orig. of Mankind.
two golden pipes empty the golden oil out of themselves? To puzzle.
Zech. iv. 12. It hath emmualed the enquiries of others ... to make empyryt, «. [ME. empiry, < OF. empyree, F. em-
3. To discharge; pour out continuously or in a out how without fear or doubt he could discourse with pyree : see empyrean.] The empyrean.
such a creature. Sir T. Broume, Vulg. Err., i. 1,
steady course as, a river empties itself or its
: This heven is cald empiry that is at say, heven that is :

waters into the ocean. [A strained use, which empyema (em-pi-e'ma), n. [= p. empyeme fyry. =
liampole, Prick of Conscience, 1. 7761.

it is preferable to avoid, since a river is not Sp. empiema Pg. empyema =

It. empiema, < emraudt, n. = An obsolete form of emeraW.
emptied by its flow into the ocean.] Ml. empyema, i/lm'r/fta, a suppuration, < emrodit.'n-
a, < Gr. tfi-!Ti>7i/ia, emrodlf, -An obsolete form of emerald. «
The great navigable rivers that empty themselves into
e/iirveiv, suppurate, < efnzvof, suppurating, fes- emrod^t, n. An obsolete form of hemorrhoid.
it [the Euxine sea). Arbuthnot. tering, < ev, in, mtov, pus.] +
In pathol., the emu^ (e'mu), n. [Also emew, emeu; Pg. ema, =
4. To lay waste make destitute or desolate.
;
presenceof pus in a pleural cavity ; pyothorax. prob. from a native name.] 1. large Aus- A
[Archaic] The word was formerly used for other purulent tralian three-toed ratite bird of the genus Dro-
accumulations. mceus (which see), of which there are several
I will send unto Babylon fanners, that shall fan
. . .

her, and shall empty her land. Jer. 11. 2. empyemic (em-pi-em'ik), a. [< emjyyema -ic] +
species, as D. novce-hollandiw, D. ater, and D. ir-
1. Pertaining to or of the nature of empyema. roratus. These birds resemble cassowaries, but belong to
H. intrans. 1. To become empty. —
2. Affected with empyema: as, an empyemic a different genus and subfamily, and are easily distinguish-
The chapel emptier; and thou may'st be gone patient.
Now, sun. B. Jonson, Underwoods.
empyesis (em-pi-e'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. hfnrinjai^,
2. To pour out or discharge its contents, as a suppuration, < kjinvelv, suppurate: see empye-
river into the ocean. [See note under I., 3.] pathol., pustulous eruption
ma.] In term : a
empty-Iianded (emp'ti-han'ded), a. Having used by Hippocrates, and in Good's system in-
nothing in the hands specifically, carrying
;
eluding variola or smallpox.
or bringing nothing of value, as money or a
empyocele (em'pi-o-sel), n. [= P. empyocile,
present. < Gr. e/xTTvog, suppurating (see empyema), +
Kijkr),
She brought nothing here, but she has been a good girl, tumor.] In pathol., a collection of pus within
a very good girl, and she shall not leave the house empty-
handed. Trollope. the scrotum.
empyreal (em-pi-re'al or em-pir'e-al), a. and «.
emptying (emp'ti-ing), ». [Verbal n. of empty,
[Ixirmerly also empehall (simulating imperial)
f.J 1. The act of making empty.
;

Boundless intemperance
= P. empyrial, < ML. *empyr(eus (as if < Gr.
"tinrvpaloi, a false form), LL. empyrlus or empy-
In nature is a tyranny it hath been
;

The untimely emptying of the happy throne. reus, fiery, < LGr. i/mvpioc, for Gr. e/iirvpog,^ in,
And fall of many kings. Shak., Macbeth, ir. 3. on, or by the fire, fiery, torrid, < iv, in, nvp + = Etnu {Dromatis nna-hoUandia).
2. That which is emptied out; specifically [p!.], E. fire : see pyre, fire.] I. a. Formed of pure
in the United States, a preparation of yeast fire or light ; pertaining to the highest and pur- ed byhavingno casque or helmet on the head, which, with
est region of heaven ; pure. the neck, is more completely feathered. The plumage is
from the lees of beer, cider, etc., for leavening. sooty-brown or blackish, and very copious, like long curly
[CoUoq., and commonly pronounced emptins.'] Go, soar with Plato to th' emp^jreal sphere. hair, there being two plumes to the quills, so that each
Pope, Essay on Man, ii. 23. feather seems double. The wings are rudimentary, useless
A betch o' bread thet hain't riz once ain't goin' to rise agin,
An" it's jest money throwed away to put the evnptins in. II. n. The empyrean; the region of celestial for flight, and concealed in the plumage. The emus are
Lowell, Biglow Papers, 2d ser., p. 11. intermediate in size between the cassowaries and the os-
purity. [Rare.]
triches. The species first named above is the one most
empty-panneledt (emp'ti-pan''eld), a. Haying The lord-lieutenant looking down sometimes
commonly seen in confinement.
nothing in the stomach without food said of ; From the empyreal, to assure their souls
:
2. (a) \mp.] [NL., orig. in the form £»iet(.] A
Against chance-vulgarisms. Mrs. Brouming.
a hawk. genus of cassowaries. Barrh-e, 1745. (6) The
My hawk has been empty-pannelVd these three houres. empyrean (em-pi-re'an or em-pir'e-an), a. and specific name of the galeated cassowary of
Qnarlet, The Virgin Widow (1650), I. 67. n. [= P. empyree = l?r. empirey, n., = Sp. em- Ceram, in the form emeu. Latham, 1790. (c) The
emptysis (emp'ti-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. ifi-nruai^, pireo = Pg. empyreo = It. empireo, adj., < ML. specific name of the east Australian Dromwua
a spitting, < e/iTrrvetv, spit tlpon, < ev, in, + nrv- empyrcBus, neut._as a noun, *empyrwum : see novce-hollandim, in the form emu. Stephens.
'

€cv, spit, for *aTrvetv = E. spew, q. v.] In pathol., empyreal.] I. a. Empyreal celestially refined, g^^g (e'mu), n. An Australian wood used for
;

hemorrhage from the lungs; spitting of blood; In th' empyrean heaven, the bless'd abode. tvtmers' work. Laslett.
The Thrones and the Dominions prostrate lie.
hemoptysis.
Not daring to behold their angry God.
emulable (em'u-la-bl), a. [< emul(ate) + -able.]
empngnt, v. t. See impugn. Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, 1. 1114. That may be emulated capable of attainment ;

empurple, impurple(em-,im-p6r'pl),».t.;pret. Yet upward she [the goddess] incessant files by emulous effort; worthy of emulation.
and pp. empurpled, impurpled, ppr. empurpling, Resolv'd to reach the high empyrean Sphere. [Rare.]
impurpling. [< em-1, im-, + purple.'] To tinge Prior, Carmen Seculare (1700), st. 23. This I say to all, for none are so complete but they may
or color with purple. Lispings empyrean will I sometimes teach espy some imitable and emulable good, even in meaner
And over it his huge great nose did grow. Thine honeyed tongue. Keata, Endymion, ii. Christians. Abp. Leighton, On 1 Pet. iii. 13.
Full dreadfully empurpled all with bloud. n. The region of pure light and fire; the emulate (em'u-lat), v. t; pret. and pp. emulat-
Speiiser, F. Q., IV. vii. 6.
highest heaven, where the pure element of fire ed, ppr. emulating. [< L. wniulatus, pp. of oemu-
The bright was supposed by the ancients to exist: the lari (> E. emule, v.), try to equal or excel, be emu-
Pavement, that like a sea of jasper shone,
Impurpled with celestial rosea, smiled. same as the ether, the ninth heaven according lous, < a;nmlus (> P. emule, n.), trying to equal
Milton, P. L, iii. 364. to ancient astronomy. or excel: see emulous.] 1. To strive to equal
Tho' roseate mom The deep-domed empyrean or excel in qualities or actions ; vie or compete
Pour all her splendours on th' empurpled scene. Rings to the roar of an angel onset. with the character, condition, or performance
T. Warton, Pleasures of Melancholy. Tennyson, Experiments in Quantity. of; rival imitatively or competitively: as, to
We saw the grass, green from November till April, empyreumt (em-pi-re'um), n. [ML. *empyrceum : emulate good or bad examples ; to emulate one's
mowed with daisies, and the floors of the dusky Httle din- see empyreal.] Same as empyrean. friend or an ancient author.
gles empurpled with violet*. The Century, XXX. 219.
Passed through all I would have
Empnsa (em-pfi'sa), n. [NL. (Illiger, 1798), < The winding orbs like an Intelligence, Him emulate you 'tis no shame to follow
:

Qt. &ho\>goh\in.']
IfiTTOvaa, 1. genus of gres- A Up to the empyreum. B. Jonson, Fortunate Isles. The better precedent B. Jonson, Catiline.
sorial orthopterous insects, of the family Man- empyreuma (em-pi-ro'ma), n. [NL., < Gr. i/i- The birds sing louder, sweeter.
having foliaceous appendages on the head And every note they emulate one another.
tidce, irvpcvfia, a live coal covered with ashes to pre- Fletcher, Pilgrim, v. 4.
and and a very slim thorax.
legs, short antennsB, serve the fire, < i^wpevtiv, set on fire, kindle,
E. pauperatais a prettily colored European spe- He [Dryden] is always imitating —
no, that is not the
< £/(7rt)pof on fire SB& empyreal.] In cftem., the — somebody in his more strictly
cies of rear-horse or praying-mantis. 2. ge- — A
, :

pungent disagreeable taste and odor of most

word, always emulating
poetical attempts, for in that direction he always needed-
nus of lepidopterous insects. Hiibner, 181 6. animal or vegetable substances when burned some external impulse to set his mind in motion.
3. In bat., the principal genus of Entomoph- Lowell, Among my Books, Ist ser., p. 41.
in close vessels, or when subjected to destruc-
thorem, including, as now understood, the spe- tive distillation. 2t. To be a match or counterpart for; imitate;
cies formerly referred to the genus Entomoph- empyreumatic, empyreumatical (em"pi-ro- resemble.
thora. The species are parasitic upon insects. That upon mat'ik, -i-kal), a. [< rmpyreiimait-) -ic, -ical] + Thine eye would emulate the diamond.
W. of W.,
the common house-fly is the one most frequently observed, Shak., M. iii. 3.

forming a white halo of apores around dead flies adhering Pertaining to or having tho taste or smell of
to window-panes in autumn. Spores of an Emjmsa, coming slightly burned animal or vegetable substances.
— Empyreumatic oil, an oil obtained from organic sub-
in contact with a 8uital>le insect, enter it by means of hy-
phal germination and grow rapidly till the insect is killed, stanceswhen decomposed by a strong heat.
forming sometimes mycelium, but commonly, by budding, empyreumatize (em-pi-ro'ma-tiz), v. t. pret.
detached hyphal Iwdies of spherical or oval forni. When and pp. cmpyreumatized, ppr. cmpyreumatizing.
the conditions are unfavorable to further growth the hyphal
bodies may be transformed into chlamydospores, l»ut un- [< empyreuniai t-) -ize.] +
To render empyreu-
der tarorable conditions of moisture the hyphal bodies matic decompose by heat. [Rare.]
; 3t.
It is likewiseattended with a delirium, fury, and an in-
voluntary laughter, the convulsione??iwia(i»i^ this motion.
Arbuthnot.
The blossom opening to the day.
; The dews of heav'n reftn'd,
Could naught of purity display.
To emulate his mind. Goldsmith, Vicar. tIU.
To envy.
 ;:

emnlate 1907 Emydidse

ThecoancelUhenpresent.fwiii/adHj^mysuccesse, would emulatorvCem'u-la-to-ril
not thinke it lit to spare me fortie men to be hazzarded
a r<rmiilnfp+ nr,i 1
* ."'''^J'.'J emulsione, < L. as if *emulsio(n-), < enmlsus,
4,^?...; 'A _i "_':., J^. ^' pp.
in tllose vniinowue regions.
Arising out of emulation ofi- or ,belonging to ;
,

of emulgere, milk out, drain out : see emulge.]

Capt. John Smith, True Travels, I. 136. emulation denoting emulation.
;
If. A
draining out.
emolatef (em'u-lat), Whether some secret and emulatory brawles passed be- Were it not for the emulsion to flesh and blood in being
a. [< L. (vmulatus, pp. tween Zipporali and Miriam. Bp. Hall, Aaron and Miriam. of a public factious spirit, I might pity your inflrmity.
see the verb.] Emulative ; eager to equal or
At ale-drinkinj: emulatory poems are sung Howard, Man of Newmarket.
excel.
Our last king , , .
Between chivalrous people.
O'Curry, .\nc. Irish,
2. A
mixture of liquids insoluble in one an-
Was, as jrou know, by Fortinljras of Norway, II. xxi. other, where one is suspended in the other in
Thereto priek'd on by a most emulate pride, emnlatress (em'u-la-tres), «. [= F. emulatrice the form of minute globules, as the fat (butter)
Dar'd to the combat. Shot., Hamlet, i. 1. = It. emulatrice, < L. mmulatrix, fem. of (Emula- in milk: as, an emulsion of cod-liver oil. 3. —
emnlation (em-u-la'shon), n. [= F. emulation woman who emulates.
tor: see emulator.'] A A mixture in which solid particles are suspended
=Pr. emulacio =
Sp. emulacion Pg. emula^do [Bare.]= in a liquid in which they are insoluble : as, a
=It. emula:ione, < L. cemulatio{n-), < cemulari, Truth, whose mother is History, the emulatress of time, camphor emulsion.— 4:. Inphotog., a name given
emulate: see e»iHto?<;.] 1. Love of superiority the treasury of actions, the witness of things past, and to various emulsified mixtures used in making
advertiser of things to come.
desire or ambition to equal or excel others ; the dry plates, etc. See photography.
Shelton, tr. of Don Quixote, 11. i.
instinct that incites to effort for the attainment emulsionize (e-mul'shon-iz), v. t.; pret. and
of equal or superior excellence or estimation in emulet
(em'ul), r. t. [Early mod. E. also (emule
; pp. emulsionized, ppr. emulsionizing. [< emul-
any respect. OF. emuler Sp. Pg. =
emular It. =
emuUire, < sion -i- -ize.] To make =
an emulsion of; emul-
L. wmulari, emulate see emulate.'] To emulate. :
Among the lower animals we see many symptoms of sify: as, pancreatic juice emulsionizes fat.
emulation, but in them its effects are perfectly insignifl- Yet, amuling my pipe, he tooke in hond This treatment, continued for seven or eight minutes
cant when compared with tliuse which it pnKiuces in hu- My pipe, before that amtded of many. suffices to set free the fat of the milk from its
emulsion-
man conduct. ... In our own race emulation operates Spenser, Colin Clout, 1. 72. ued state. Med. News, L. 687.
in an infinite variety of directions, and is one of the prin- This is the ground whereon the young Nassau,
cipal sources of human improvement Emuling that day his ancestor's renown, emulsive (f-mul'siv), a. [z= p. emulsify Sp.
D. SUicart, Moral Powers, I. il. | 5. Keceived his hurt. Pg. It. emulsivo, < L. emuls-us, pp. (see emul-
Let the man who thinlu he is actuated by generous Southey, Pilgrimage to Waterloo, iii. sion), + E. -ire.] 1. Softening.— 2. Yielding
emulation only, and wishes to know whether there be
anything of envy in the case, examine his own heart.
emulKet (e-muli'), v t r< L emulative ^C>-* ^\- Tt oil by expression as, emulsive seeds. 3. Pro- : —
t /""''S'f ducing or yielding a milk-like substance: as, ,

7»u^lf^re\ milkrr!i\vJ,t
out, dram < e, out, + miti-
^'»micre), Ar^iJ-).,
out,
Beattie, Moral Science, I. ii. i 5.
vt, t ^ v.- • S*'"*'
2. Effort to equa or excel in oualities or ac- emulgence (e-mul'jens), ».
1 1
^- ""'*•] To drain out. =
Bailey. emulsive acids. - Emulsive oU, rancid oiiveoil in this
state adapted for producing an emulsion, and used in dye-
:

[< emulgent: see ing as a fixing agent for aluminium or iron mordants.
tions; imitative rivalry as of ttat Which one ^„^] The
act of draining out. [Rare.]
adimres in another or others: as, the emM/a<io» w..i;™«„.., uk'^ renderedj nervous .^.. emunctory (e-mungk'to-ri), a. and «. [= F.
of great uption* or nr or thw ncU
nt tne rir-li hv the r^n,- **'' ?*" *""''' by the flattery of emonctoire =" Sp. Pg. emunctorio
i

=
01 irreat actions, Dy tne poor. a woman's worship or they would he for returning it, at ;
It. emuTi-
torio, < L. 'emunctorius, adj., found only as a
Then younger brothers may eate gnuse, yf they cannot '*'**' partially, as though it could be bandied to and fro
achieue to excell which will bring a blessed emulacion to
;
without emulgetice of the poetry. noun, neut., < LL. emunctorium, a pair of snuff-
England. BiMike oj frectdence (E. E. T. 8., extra ser.), i. 11. O. Meredith, The Egoist, xlv. ers, < L. emunctus, pp. of emungere, wipe or
The apoatle exhorts the Corinthians to an holy and gen- emulgent (e-mul'jent), o. and n. [= F ^ttl- blow the nose, < e, out, -I- mungere (scarcely-
?^.1?:^*""i°! '?,' '-'»»?'/ °' .'.'"= Macedonians, in con-
trlbuting freely tu the relief of the poor sainU at Jenisa-
gent =
Sp. 'Pg. It.'emulgente, < L. emulgen(t-)s, used), blow the nose, Gr. aKo-juvaaem, mid. =
•«"»- So«<A, Sermons.
ppr. of em uTgere, milk out, drain out: see ano-fivaaeaeai, blow the nose; akin to mucus,
emulge.] I, a. In ana<., draining out: applied q. v.] I. a. E.xcretory; depuratory; serving
But now, since the rewards of honour are taken away,
that virtuous emuUUitm is turned into direct malice. to the renal arteries and veins, as draining the to excrete, carry off, and discharge from the
Dryden, Essay on Dram. Poesy. urine from the blood. body waste products or effete matters.
St. Antagonistic rivalry ; malicious or injurious n. n. 1. In a«a<., an emulgent vessel. 2. n. n. pi. emuHctories (-riz).
organ of the body which has an excretory or
part or an — ; A
contention strife for superiority. [Unusual.] In phartitatMlogy, a remedy which excites the
;

What madneaa rule* In braln-aick men,

How of bile. deptiratory function; an organ or a part which
When, for so alight and frivoloua a cause. emulous (em'u-lus), a. [< L. temulus, striving eliminates effete or excrementitious matters or
Such factious emuiatuma shall arise. to equal or excel, rivaling; in a bad sense, en- products of decomposition, as carbonic dioxid,
Shak., 1 Hen. VI., Iv. 1. vious, jealous; akin to imitari, imitate: ^ urea, eholesterin, etc.
™vv. see
., .

My heart laments that Tlrtne cannot lire imitate.] "

1. Desirous of equaling "or excelling"
'
emtiscationt (e-mus-ka'shon), n. [< L. emus-
Out of the teeth of emulation. Shak., J. C, il. S. as what one le admires inclined to imitative n- ^'"'''' '^l'''"" ^'°™ ™o»«> < «i »"*>
;
muscus,Tno8a.]
»'"«« +
"Syn. 1 and 2. Emulation, Competition, Riralry. The valry with of before an object: as, emulous of :
freeing from moss. [Rare.] A
natural love of superiority ii known a* emulalian; in com- another's example or virtues. The most infallible art of emuscation is taking away the
mon use the word signifies the desire and the resulting cause (which is superfiuous moisture In clayey and spew-
endeavor to equal or surinax another or others in some By strength ing grounds), by dressing with lime. Evelyn, Sylva, xxix.
quality, attainment, or achievement They measure all, o/ other excellence
It i» intrinsically
neutral both as to time and motive, but it is moat fre- Not emulout. Milton, P. L, vi. 822. emu-wren (e'mu-ren), n. small Australian A
quently applied to the relations of contemporaries or The leaders, picked men of a courage and vigor tried bird of the genus Stipiturus. The webs of the tail-
aaaociatei. and to feelings and efforts of an honorable na- and augmented in fifty battles, are emufetu to distinguish feathcra are decomposed, somewhat like the plumage of
ture. Competition the act of striving against others;
i.s themselves above each other by new merits, as clemency, the emu. There are several species; S. malachurvs is an
the wor.l is u.scd ordy where the object to be attained is hospitality, splendor of living. Emerson, War. exaniple. .See cut under Stipilunts.
pr.ttv cl.Milv in mind,
''
and that object ia not mere snpe-
2. Rivaling; competitive. emyd, emyde (em'id, em'id or -id), n. [= F.
thing: aa, competition for a prize;
rtnite
^myde.] A member of the family Emydidw; a
i-as. Aimiry, UDleas quallfled by some Both strining in emulous contention whether shaU adde
I J, is generally a contest In which the more pleasure or more profit to the Citie.
fresh-water tortoise or terrapin.
I'lisli their several Interest* Ui an ungenerous Purehat, Pilgrimage, p. 237. Emyda (em'i-dfi), n. [NL., < Gr. e/ii>c or i/ilx
( int teellnga lieing easily a result tUcalry (£//i'(5-, e/jvi-), the fresn-water tortoise, Emys
3t. Envious ; jealous ; contentiously eager.
ral In its character as, the riiofry between
lutaria: see Emys.] A genus of soft-shelled
II
. :

two KUUa or cities ; In aucb caaes it may be friendly and He is not emulout, as Achilles is. Shak., T. and C, ii. 3.
honorslde. tortoises, of the family Trionychida;, having the
What the Oaul or Moor could not effect. shell very flat and subcircular in outline, and
A noble emulation beat* your breast. Dryden. Nor emulout Carthage, with her length of spite.
Envy, to which th' ignoble mind'a a lUre, Shall be the work of one. B. Jonton, Catiline.
the toes webbed and with only three claws.
Is emulation in the learn 'd or brave.
They are aquatic, and are often found buried in the mud.
Pope, Eaasy on Man, U. im.
emnlously (em'u-lus-li), adv. With emtilation, A. mutica,ut North America, is a comparatively small spe-
or desire of equaling or excelling. cies, with a smootli shell. The genus is closely related to
OtmfMHon tor tbe crown, there Is none nor can be. Anpidonectes (or Trionyx).
So tempt they him, and emuloutly vie
Bacon.
To bribe a voice that empires would not buy, Emydae (em'i-de), w. pi. Same as Emydidte.
Whenthe worship of rank and the worship of wealth Lantdotme, To the Earl of Peterborougli. emyde, «. See emyd.
are In competition it may at least be said that the exis-
tence of the two idols diminishes by dividing the force of
,
emulOUSneSS (em
, ,- ,
ij-Ius-neg), n, ThequaUtyof Emydea (e-mid'e-a), «.;>?. p^h.,< Emys (Emyd-)
each suiwrstition. i«*», Eng. in 18th Cent, Ii. bciiif; iiniildiLS. '
^ ^ +...
-ea.]- The name given by
-
Huxley
- to a group
c i
„, -i ,,, . , ,

far sighted summonerof Waraiid Waste Cmulslc (f-mul'sik), a. [< emuls(in) -I'c] In + ^^^ t-helonut. having usually horny cutting
To fruitful strUes and rivalrie, of pace. chem., pertaining to or procured from emulsin jaws. uncovered by lips, the tympanum expos-
Temnton, Idylls of 0)0 King, Ded. — Emufalc add. an acid procured from the albumen of '^' *°^ limbs slenderer than m
Testudinea, with
emulative (em'u-Ia-tiv), a. [<emulate-¥ -ive.] »'""""!«. .
S-clawed digits united by a web only, and the
lii'liii.Ml to emiila'tion; rivaling; disposed to ®™'^**^''*"°'* (?'™"^''*'"''"^*'^^2")' "• The honiv plates of the carapace and plastron well
compete imitatively. ".''^ "^ emulsifying, or the state of being emul- developed. T-he Emydea as thus defined compose the
siticd. river- and marsh-tortoises, and are divisible into two
Vet since her swift departure thence she
He saw th election on himself wonld rest:y emulsify (e-mul'si-fi), v. t. pret. and pp. emul- ""' '«""apin8 and the chelodines. See terrapin,
;
f/^"^'
While all, with rmulatiee seal, demand sifted, v^^r.emuhifying. L.m«to«, pp. (see
[< emydU^ (e-mid'i-an), a. [< Emys {Emytl-) -f-
To fill the nniiilier of th' elected band.
Iloole, tr. of Tasao'a Jerusalem Delivered,
emulsit/n), + -flcare, make.] To make or form .<„„.] of or pertaining to the ^oup ot tor-
v. into an emulsion ; emulsionize.
toises typified by the genus Emys.
Emulative power
Flowed In thy line through nndegenerate veins.
Pancreatic Juice mu&j^M fat emydid (em'i-did), ». A
tortoise of the family
Wnrdtrmrth, Ecclea. Sonnets, 1. itarmn. Vegetable Mould, p. 37.
27. Ennididte.
emnlatively (em'u-ia-tiv-li), adv. In aH emu- emulsin (e-mul'sin), n. [< L. emulsus, pp. of Emydidse (e-mid'i-de), n. pi. [NL., also writ-
lativc inimner. emulgere, railk out, drain out (see emulsion), -I- ten contr. Emytlw; < Emys {Emifd-) +
-idte.] A
-in^i.] In diem., an albuminous or caseous sub-
emulator (em'u-la-tor), n. [F. fmulateur
stance found
= m
family of chelonians, the so-called fresh-wa-
S|i. I'g. emulador =
It. cmulatore. < L. (emulator,
the white part of both sweet ter turtles, fresh-water tortoises, or terrapins.
•

<wmuUiri, emulate: see emulate.] One who and bitter almonds, and making up about one It includes a large series of diverse forms, some of which

emulates ; an imitative rival or competitor. quarter of their entire weight. When pnre it is .in are as terrestrial as the true land-tortoises (Testudinidcs),
odorless and tasteless wliite [Kjwdir, whicli is soluble iu and have a highly convex carapace, though most are
As Virgil rivalled Homer, so Milton was the emulator of water and acts as a ferment, converthig the amygdalln aquatic, with flattened shell. There are about 60 species,
both these. Warburton. Divine Legation, il. | 4. of almonds into oil of bitter almonds, hydrocyanic acid, of numerous genera, agreeing in their hard shell, well-
Full of ambition, an envious emulator nt every man's and a sugar. formed feet adapted iwth for walking an<I swimming,
good |iart«. a secret and villainous contriver against me emulsion (e-mul'shon), n. usually 5-toed i)efore and 4-toed behind, and furnished
[< OP. emulsion, F. with claws. They inhabit northern temperate and trnpi.
OU natural brother. Shak., As you Like it, i. 1. imul.iion Sp. emulsion = Pg. emukcto It. = = cal regions, within which they arc widely distributed.
 ; :; ;;

Emydidse 1908 enacture

A few occur in salt or brackish water. Tlie leading gen- (= L. in-, > en-i, above), < h, prep., =
L. in the termination is of Middle English origin, except in
era are EmySy Cistudo (the l)ox-t<irtoises), Chtlopus (the
specified turtles), etc. The salt-water terrapin of the At-
= E. in: see inl.] An adverbial or preposi- oxen (from Anglo-Saxon oxan), eyne, een (from Anglo-
Saxon edgan), hosen (from Anglo-Saxon hosan), peasen
lantic States, M(uacodemmys palttstns, well known to epi- tional prefix of Greek origin, meaning primari- (from Anglo-Saxon pisan).
cures, l>elongs to this family. By some the name is sup-
planted by Ciemmitidce, the genns Emys being referred to
ly 'in': chiefly in scientific or technical words -en^. suffix of various other origins besides A
of modern formation, as in encephalon, enan- those mentioned above: often ultimately iden-
the family Ciitudi»id(V, and by others the family is con-
sidered to be inseparable from the Testudinid^. Also thema, etc. tical with -an (Latin -anus), as in citizen, den-
Emi/diT, See cuts under carapace, Cistudo, and terrapin, -eni. [(1) ME. -en (sometimes spelled -in, -yn), izen, dozen, etc., but having also, as in often,
emydin (em'i-din), «. [< Gr. e/iif (i/ivS-), the later often -e, the two forms long coexisting midden, etc., other sources ascertainable upon
fresh-water tortoise, + -»m2.] In chem., a white earliest ME. always -en (weak verbs -en or -ien), reference to the word concerned.
nitrogenous substance contained in the yolk of < AS. -an (weak verbs -an or -ian, dgean), enable (e-na'bl), v. pret. and pp. enabled, ppr.
turtles' eggs. It is closely related to, if not ONorth. -a, -ia OS. -an {-on) =
OFries. -a = =
enabling. [Formerlyalsoi»a6?e; < ME. enaft/oi
;

identical with, vitellin. r>. -en =OHG. -are (,-en, -on), MHG. G. -en = < e»-l -I- trans. 1. To make able;
afifel.] I,
Emydinal (em-i-di'na), n. [NL., < Gr. l/^lx or leel. -a (-ja) Sw. -a (-ja)= Dan. -e Goth, -an = = furnish with adequate power, ability, means, or
iuitg (e/xvd-, i/iv6-), the fresh-water tortoise, -t- i-jan), the reg. Teut. inf. sufiix, quite different authority; render competent.
-ina^.'i A
genus of fresh-water tortoises, typi- from the L. inf. sufiix, -re (-d-re, -e-re, -e-re,
Temperance gives nature her full play, and enables her
cal of the Emydinidce. -i-re), but cognate with Gr. -evai, later reg. -eiv,
to exert herself in all her force and vigour.
Emydina^ (em-i-di'na), m. pi. [KL., < Emys and orig. dat. of *-ana, orig. noun suffix.
an Spectator, No. 195.
(Emyd-) + -iho^.] Aeubtam.iljotEmydid(Bov (2) ME. -en, often only -e, < AS. -en OS. -are = No science of heat was possible until the invention of
Clemmyidw, typified by the genus Emys, and in- = OFries. Fries. MD. D. MLG. LG. -en OHG. = the thermometer enabled men to measure the degree of
cluding most species of the family, it was limited -an, MHG. G. -en leel. -inn =
Sw. Dan. -en = temperature. J. Fiske, Cosmic Philos., I. 34.
by Gray to those tortoiseswhich have the head covered with = Goth, -are-s, the reg. pp. suffix of strong 2t. To put in an efficient state or condition
a thin hard skin, the zygomatic arch distinct, the fore limbs
covered in front by thin scales and cross-bands, and the
verbs, =
L. -re-«s Gr. -v-of =
Skt. -n-as, an = endow; equip; fit out.
spreading toes strong and webbed. adj. sufiix. (3) < ME. -en-en, -n-en (the final Joy openeth and enableth the heart.
Emydinidse (em-i-din'i-de), n. i)l. [NL., < Emy- syllable being a different suffix, -erO- (1) ), < AS. Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, 1.

diiM^ + -idw.^ Afamily of soft-shelled tortoises, -n-an, -n-ian (as in fcestnian, > E. fasten, make You are beholden to them, sir, that have taken this
typified by the genus Emydina, including a few fast) =
Goth, -n-are, prop, intr., as in Goth. pains for you, and my friend, Master Truewit, who en-
fullnan, become full, in verbs formed on the abled them for the business. B. Jonson, Epiccene, v. 1.
-Asiatic species referred usually to the Triony-
chidce, having the edge of the disk strengthened pp. of strong verbs, -an-s AS. and E. -eii, = = Syn. 1. To empower, qualify, capacitate.
by a series of internal bones, the skull oblong, etc. See (2), above. (4) ME. -en, often -e, in II. intrans. To give ability or competency.
convex, and swollen, and the palate with a cen- later ME. a general pi. suffix, in earlier ME. For matter of policy and government, that learning
tral groove. Also Emydinadce. confined to ind. and subj. pret. pi. and subj. should rather hurt than enable thereunto is a thing very
pres., the ind. pres. (and impv. pi.) having -eth, improl)able. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. 16.
emydoid (em'i-doid), a. and n. I. a. Resem-
bling or related to a tortoise of the genus Emys; < AS. -ath, -iath. The AS. verb-forms with pi. enablementf (e-na'bl-ment), ». [< enable +
belonging to the family Emydidw. term, -re were
(in all 3 persons) subj. pres. -en -meret] The act of enabling.
H. n. A tortoise of the family Eviydidte. (-ien), ind. pret. -ore (-an), subj. -en. Like forms
Learning hath no less power and efficacy in enable-
. . .

Emydoidae (em-i-doi'de), n. pi. [NL., < Emys are found in the other Teut. tongues, being worn- ment towards martial and military virtue and prowess.
(Emyd-) + -oidce.'] A family of tortoises, typi- down and assimilated forms of elements orig. of Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. 82.
fied by the genus Emys, including the Clemmy- different origin.] A
termination of various ori- enach
(en'ach), M. [Gael, ejreeac/f, boimty.] In
ida and Cistudinidce, and divided into 5 subfam- gin, used in the formation of verbs, (a) The in- old Scots lain, amends or satisfaction for a crime,
finitive sufiix, now obsolete, as in Middle English singen,
ilies. X. Agassiz. See cut under Cistudo. escapen, pullen, etc., modern English sing, escape, pull,
fault, or trespass.
Emydosauria (em^i-do-sa'ri-a), n. pi.
[NL., < etc. In late Middle English the -n fell away {singe, es- enact (e-nakf), V. t. [< ME. enacten; < ere-1 +
Gr. iutif or the fresh-water
ifiv^ (e/ivS-, ifivS-j, cape, pulle, etc.), but the -e continued to be pronounced, act.'] 1. To decree; establish by the will of
tortoise,+ aavpoc, a lizard.] One of several at least optionally, until near the end of the Middle Eng-
lish period in modern English the -e, though always si-
the supreme power; pass into a statute or es-
names of the order Crocodilia : so called from ;

lent, is retained in spelling after a single consonant follow-

tablished law ; specifically, to perform the last
the fact that the dermal armor of the croco- ing a long vowel (as in escape) and in some other positions. act of a legislature to, as a bill, giving it va-
diles and alligators suggests the shell of a tor- (b) The suffix of the past participle of strong verbs (Middle lidity as a law; give sanction to, as a bill.
toise. De Blainville. English and Anglo-Saxon -en), as in risen, written, etc. past
participlesof rise, ^mte, etc. In MiddleEnglish the -jioften Through all the periods and changes of the Church it
,

Emys (em'is), n. [NL., < Gr. efivc or l/iiiCj the
fresh-water tortoise.] genus of tortoises,
giving name to the Emydidce. The name has been
variously employed (a) For fresh-water tortoises in gen-
:
eral of the family Clemmyidx, such as E. lutaria of Eu-
rope, now generally called Clemmyscaspica, and numerous
American species. (6) Restricted to certain box-tortoises
belonging to the family now called Cistudinida, such as
the box-tortoise of Europe, Emyg europcea, which is the
emys of Aristotle and the ancients, and the Emys blan-
dingi of North America.
en (en), «. [< ME. "en, < AS. *en, < L. en, < e,
the usual assistant vowel, -t- w.] 1. The name
of the letter JV, n. It is rarely written, the sym-
bol N, n, being used instead. 2. In printing, a
fell away (risen or rise, writen or write, etc.) hence in mod-
A ern English many coexisting forms in -en and -e silent or
absent, as broken and broke, written and writ, beaten and
beat, aunken and sunk, etc. In most of these pairs there is
a slight differentiation of use (as sunken, drunken, adj.,
sunk, drank, pp.), or one form is obsolete (writ, pp. etc.)
or regarded as " incorrect " (broke, spoke, etc.), or is merely
vulgar (riz for riseji, etc.). In some cases the past par-
ticiple in -en is modern, the verb being originally weak
(with past participle in -ed2), as in imm, pp. of wear.
In most of such instances the older form in -erf2 is still in
prevalent use, as in sewed or sewn, sawed or sauni, proved
or pi-oven, etc. the -ed^ being in some instances absorbed,
,
as in hid or hidden, chid or chidden, (c) A suffix form-
ing verbs from adjectives, as weaken, /atten, etc. Origi-
— nally such verbs were only intransitive ('become weak,
fat,' etc.), but now they are also transitive (' make weak,
hatli beene prov'd that God hath still reserv'd to himselfe
;
the right of enacting Church-Government.
Milton, Cnurch-Government, i. 2.
It was enacted that, for every ton of Malmsey or Tyne
wine brought into England, ten good bowstaves should also
be imported. , Encyc. Brit., II. 372.
2. To act ; perform ; effect.
The king enacts more wonders than a man,
Daring an opposite to every danger.
Shak., Rich. III., v. 4.
3. To act the part of ; represent on or as on
the stage.
Ham. And what did you enact ?
Pol. I did enact Julius Ccesar I was killed i' the Capi- :

space half as wide as an em, sometimes used tol Brutus killed me. Shak., Hamlet, iii. 2.
;
fat,' etc.). (d) In Middle English, a plural suffix of verbs
as a standard in reckoning the amount of a as, they aren, weren, sayen, singen, sungen, etc. It is now Enacting clause, the introductory clause of a legislative
compositor's work. See emX, 2. reduced to silent -e or entirely lost. bill or act, beginning "Be it enacted by," etc. A common
en-l. [ME. en-, < OF. en-, rarely F. en- =
Sp. -en2. [< ME. -ere, < AS. -en D. -en OHG. strike = =
means of defeating a bill in its initial stages is a motion to
Pg. en- = w-2), an ad- MHG. 6. -en, etc.,
It. en-, in-, < L. in- (see Goth, -in-s, -ein-s L.
out its enacting clause, which if successful carries
=
all the rest with it.
=
verbial or prepositional prefix, conveying the -i-nu-s Gr. -i-vo-g = =
Skt. -i-na-s, an adj. suffix, enactt, re. [ME.; < enact, v.] An enactment;
idea, according as the verb is one of rest or of radically identical with -e«l (2), pp. suffix.]
an act. A
motion, of existence 'in' a place or thing, or of suffix forming adjectives from nouns of mate-
This enacte so to endure by force of this present yelde
motion, direction, or inclination 'into' or 'to' a rial, as as7(erei, ashen^, earthen, oaken, wooden, [gildj. English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 404.
place or thing, < in, prep., in, into, =
E. in: golden, sometimes simply -re, as cedarn, eldern,
+
see jni. In later L. »»- usually became im-, silvern, etc. Many such words ai-e obsolete, dialectic, enactive (e-nak'tiv), a. [< enact -iie.] Hav-
and so in Eom. en- usually becomes em-, before or archaic, as elTtien, treen, clayen, hairen, etc. many are ing power to enact, or establish as a law. ;

labials see ew-i, im-^.2

: A
common adverbial also, some chiefly or exclusively, noims, as aspen, linden, enactment (e-nakt'ment), n. [< enact + -ment.']
linen, woolen.
or prepositional prefix, representing Latin in-, 1. The act of enacting or decreeing; specifi-
meaning primarily in ' or ' into.' Appearing first en^. [< ME. -ere, < AS. -en (gen. dat. -enne), ear- cally, the passing of a bill into a law the act
' ;

in Middle English words derived through Old French from

lier -in, -inne OHG. -jre<-»re»a), MHG. -in, =
-inne, of giving validity to a law by vote or decree.
Latin, en-l (before labials em-) has come to be freely used as G. -in =
L. -ina (as in regina, queen) Gr. -iwa, =
In 1176, precise enactment established the jury system,
a prefix of words of native as well as of Romance or Latin
origin being equivalent to tji-l of pure English origin and
-a-iva Skt. -dni, fern, suffix.]= A
feminine suf- still rude and imperfect, as the usual mode of trial.
fix, of which only a few relies exist in native Welsh, Eng. Lit., I. 61.
to t»i-2 of direct Latin origin, and hence often restored to
the pure Latin form. Hence forms in en-i (em-i) and in-2 English words, as, for example, vixen, from 2. law enacted; a statute ; an act. A
(irn-2) are frequently found (even in Middle English) co- Anglo-Saxon fyxen (= German fuchsin), a fe-
If we look simply at the written enactments, we should
existing, as enclose, inclose, eiiquire, inquire, enwrap, in- male fox in some instances regarded as having conclude that a considerable portion of the pagan worship
:
wrap, en/old, infold, with, however, a tendency in one or
other of the forms to disappear, or to becomepartly differ-
a diminutive force, as in maiden, from Anglo- was, at an early period, absolutely and universally sup-
entiated in use. Before labials en- becomes cm-, as in em- Saxon mcegden, etc. See vixen, maiden, and pressed. Lecky, Rationalism, I. 58.
hellish, embrace, but may remain unchanged before m, as compare elfln. 3. The acting of a part or representation of a
in enmtw or emmew. As a verbal prefix, en-, when joined en*. [< ME. -en, often -e, and, with double pi., character in a play. =Syn. 2. Statute, Ordiname, etc.
to a noun, or a verb from a noun, may retain its original
meaning of in (' put in '), as in eruage (pat in a cage), en- -ere-e, < AS. -are, the nom. ace. pi. (and gen. dat.
'
See law^.
'

fold, enfetter, encapsule, etc. or when prefixed to an ad-

;
etc. sing.) term, of weak nouns (nom. sing. enactor (e-nak'tgr), n. [< enact -or.] 1. +
jective or a noun, it may denote a change from one state masc. -a, fem. and neut. -e), OS. -un =
OHG. One who enacts or decrees specifically, one = ;

into another (' make '), as in enable (make able), en-

. . .

rick, enslave, enfranchise, enXanje, and hence has often the

-are, MHG. G. -en Goth, -an-s = =
L. -in-es (e. g., who decrees or establishes a law.
effect simply of a verb-forming prefix. In some cases,
homines, pi. of homo) Gr. -tv-ec Skt. -dn-as = =
This is an assertion by which the great Author of our
prefixed to a verb, it has no additional force, as in enkindle, being, in AS., etc., the stem suffix -an, used as nature, and Enactor of the law of good and evil, is highly
encaptivate. a sign of the pi., the real pi. suffix (-as, -es, -s) dishonoured and blasphemed.
en-2, [F., etc., en-, < L. en-, < Gr. ei>- (before gut- having fallen away.] The plural suffix of a few Bp. Atterhury, Sermons, II., Pref.
turals ty-), a prefix conveying with verbs the nouns, as oxen, brethren, children, and (archaic 2. One who acts or performs. Shak.
idea of in ' or ' at' a place, etc., with adjectives and poetical) eyne oreen (= eyen), kine (= kyen), enacturet (e-nak'tur), re.
'
[< enact -f- -ure.]
the possession of a quality, 'having,' 'with,' 'in' shoon, dial, hosen, housen, peasen, etc. in these Purpose effect action. ; ;
 : .

enacture 1909 enantiomorphic

The violence of eitlier grief or joy >vhole surface of a plate of metal is covered with the enamelar, enamellar (e-nam'el-ar), a. [<
Tlieir own etiacturei witli tliemselves destroy. enamel, which when fused atforUs a smooth ground for e,,^,,,^; + .(,^1 Consisting of enamel; resem-
aUak., Hamlet, ill. 2. pamtmg. A familiar nistance of the last knid of enamel- ,,. , .,
-•
i„„„„ rx>..™« i
work is the dial of a common watch, which is enameled on o\m^ enamel smooth glossy.;
[Kare.; J
enaget, i"- enagier, enaagier, declare
t. [< OF. copper in white, the figures being painted upon it in black enamel-blue (e-nam'el-blo), 11. bame as smalt.
of age, pp. enaagie, aged, < en- aage, age + enamel. Champlevi enamel is most used for jewelry and euamgj^gr^ enaiUeller (e-nam' el-er), «. [<
enamel + -c)!.] One who enamels one whose
''
seea^^e.] To age ; mskke old. similar decorative
" '
work. ;

About her necke a sort of faire rubies occupation is the laying on of enamels.
That never hail did Harvest preludice,
In white floures of right fine enamaUe,
That never frost, nor snowe, nor slippery ice The Assembly of Ladies, I. 534. She put forth unto him a little rod or wand all fiery,
The fields tn-atjd. such as painters or enamelters use.
Sytventer, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., Eden. 4. Any smooth, glossy surface resembling ena- Hollands tr. of Plutarch, p. 461.
(e-nal-i-6r'nis), n. [< Gr. ivdhoc, in, mel, but produced by means of varnish or lac- It is certain that in the reigns of the two first Edwards
Enaliomis
aXf, the sea), + + quer, or in some other way not involving vitri- there were Greek enamellers in England, who both prac-
on, or of the sea (< iv, in,
A
genus of fossil Cretaceous fication: as, the enamel of enameled leather, tised and taught the art. Walpote, Anecdotes, I. ii., note.
opwcr a bird.]
birds, discovered by Barrett in 1858 in the Upper
paper, slate, etc. —
5. In anat., the hardest part Enamelers' copper. See copper.
Greensand of Cambridge, England. It was de- of "a tooth; the very dense, smooth, glistening enamel-germ (e-nam' el- jferm), n. The epi-
scribed by Seeley in 1866 under the name Pelagomi* {P. substance which crowns a tooth or coats a part thelial germ of the enamel of teeth ; the rudi-
barretti), which, being preoccupied by PelagomUot Lartet of its suirf ace distinguished from dentin and ment of the enamel-organ
:

(1857), was renamed Enaiiomu by Seeley In 1869. The re-
mains appear to be those of a tme bird, resembling a pen-
guin in some respecta.
enaliosaur (e-nal'i-o-sar), n.
.-(iiiriii.
Enaliosauria (e-nal'i-o-sa'ri-a), n. pi. [NL., <
Gr. fvaz-iof, Uviug in tlie sea (< h, = E. in, +
a.l(,the sea), + naiyjoc, lizard.] A siiperordinal
group of gigantic aquatic Mesozoic reptiles,
with a very long body, naked leathery skin,
paddle-like limbs, numerous teeth in long jaws,
and biconpavo vertebrte. The group contained the
ichthyosaurians, plesiosaurians, and other marine men-
iters now placed in different orders. The term is now
littleused ; it sometimes, however, still covers the two
current orders IckthyoMauria and Pletiotauria, or Ichthy-
npteni'iia and Sauropterygia.
enaliosanrian (e-nal'i-o-sft'ri-an), a. and M. I.
a. Pertaining to the Enalioaaviria.
H. n. One of the Enaliotauria; an enalio-
saur.
enallage (e-nal'a-je), n. [= F. enaliage 8p.
cnalage =
Pg. It. enallage, < _L. enallage, < Gr.
ivaX>M-)-ii, an interchange, < haAXdoBeiv, inter-
change, < iv, in, -I- iOy^aativ, change, < a/j.o^,
other: see alUy-.] In gram., a figure consisting
in the substitution of one form, inflection, or
part of speech for another. Special names are given
to subdivlsioits of this figure. The sul>stltution of one part
of speech for another is antitiuria ; that of one case for
another is antiutosit. Interchange of the functions of two
cases in one phrase Is a form of hypaUane. Enallage of
sender can hardly lie illustrated In English. Antlptosia
u exempllMed in the colloqalal " It's me " for *' It Is I.""
Enallage of number is seen In the royal and literary " we
for " I," and in our modem established "you " for "thou."
Not changing one word (or another,
or cases, as the KtuUlat^e.
PuUenham, Arte
Enallostega (en-a-los'te-gft), n. pi. [NL. (F.
KmiUii.shijues, lyOrbigny), < Gr. fv, in, WJof,
other (one besides), riyo^, roof.] +
division
tioiacement. It is always superficial, and represents a enamelist, enamelllst (e-nam' el-ist), )i. [<
special modification of epithelial substance. It is usually enamel + -ist.'\ Same as e«a/He/€/*.
white, sometinies red as in the front teeth of most ro-
One of the Enalio- gnamel-klln
»"«""»-* (e-nam'el-kil), H. A kiln in which
dents, or reddish-black, as m the teeth of most shrews. v
„™„„„j <.„ „ i„„,
See cit under (oo(A. pottery, glass, etc., are exposed to a low i,„„f
heat,
All the bones of the body are covered with a periosteum, such as is suitable for fixing enamel-colors,
except the teeth where it ceases, and an enanul of ivory,
; gold, etc. Such kilns are generally built of large earth-
which saws and files will hardly touch, comes into its enware slabs, having flues through whicli the smoke and
place. Paley, Nat Theol., xL flame of the fire pass without entering the body of the
kiln.
6. Figuratively, gloss; polish.
enamellar, enameller, etc. See enamelar, etc.
There is none of the ingenuity of Fiiicaja in the thought,
none of the h«-d and brilliant «na™rf of Petrarch In the
gnamel-membrane (e-nam'el-mem''bran), n.
style. Maeaulay. •^^g^f^y^^ „f cylindrical cells of the enamel-
organ of a tooth which stand on the surface
7. In cosmetics, a coating applied to the skin.
of the dentinal part of a developing tooth.
giving the appearance oF a beautiful complex!
Sn.A,.>.J..
ion.— Battersea .n.™.,
enamel-OTgan (e-nam_'el-6r"gan), «. Theenam-
enamel, „a kind of,„,rf»ce
surface enan,e^nr„.
enamel pro-
duced in Battersea, London, in the eighteenth century. el-germ of a tooth after it has separated from
The pieces of this enamel are usually decorated by a the epithelium of the mouth and forms a cap
transfer process simitar to that used for i»orcelain and over the dentinal portion of the tooth, it con-
English delft; they include needle-ca.ses, etuis, and es- sists of a lining of cylindrical cells and a covering of cu-
pecially plaques with portraits.— Canton enamel, a va- bical cells, and is wadded with stellate cells in abundant
riety of surface-enamel in which the ground is usually jelly-like intercc lliilar substance.
= plahi white, yellow, or light blue, and is decorated with enamel-painting (e-nam'el-pan"ting), n. Paint-
enamel paintings in many colors, representmg conven- *^"^r 5"'" i"° ..i ._-^.„:.ii.. ..„„„
ing in vitrifiable colors, especially upon a sur-
tional flowers, scrolls, etc. Vases, Incense-burners, etc.,
are made of it, and it is one of the most successful of mod- face of porcelain, glass, or metal, the work be-
em Chinese artistic industries.— Champlevd enamel. ing subsequently fired in a muffle or kiln. See
See def. 3, and champlec^.^CMaowxi enamel. See enamel.
def. 3, and cfui«onni<.— Enajnel k Jour, a kind of en-
[Sp. (= It.
amel in which there is imoackground, the enamel be- enamoradot (e-nam-o-ra'do), n.
ing made to fill all the space between tlie narrow bars innamorato, q. v.), <' ML. inamoratus, pp. of
or wires which form the design. Such enamel when trans- enamorar, inamorare (> Sp., etc.), put in love:
lucent shows as a pattern seen by transmitted light.—
see enamour.'] One deeply in love.
BnJUnsl-COlnnUlB, the minute six-sided prisms of which
the enamel of the teeth is composed. Also called eiutrnel An ^Homorodo neglects all other things to accomplish
)>rwnu,mam«<-n>ds,and ma in<2-y!6er«.— Enamel-cuticle, his delight. Sir T. Uerbert, Travels in Africa, p. 74.
a thin lioroy cuticle covering the outer surface of the en- ,>
,
enamOUT (e-nam or^^V. rAlso wntxen,
L^ISO writtpn hut
Dui .
t.
amel in unworn teeth. Also called ,Va»»i;/(/i> m«m(n-<iJif
and erUieula (Until.— Enamel en basse iallle, a variety rarely, enamor ; < ME. enamoured, pp., < OF.
by their accidents of champlev^ enamel in which the background of the low enam'ourer, enamorer, ¥. cnamourcr = Pr. Sp.
of Eng. Poesie, p. 143.
ered or sunken parts is sculptured with figures in relief, Pg. enamorar, namorar =
It. innamorare, < ML.
the enamel Itself being transparent to allow them to be
seen.— Enamel ea tallle d'^pargne, a variety of champ-
inamorare, put in love, inamorari, bo in love,
< L. in, in, -I- amor (> F. amour, etc.), love:
leve enamel in which the Held is almost wholly cut away
+ or hollowed 'nit for tlo' receplioii of the enamel, leaving see amor, amorous.] To inflame with love;
A only narrow ilivicling lines of the metallic background.— charm captivate used chiefly in the past par-
; :

of foraminifers, having the cells disposed in two Flocked enamel, enamel used for ornamenting a glass
surface whicli liM l)een made dull by grinding or by the ticiple, with of or with before the person or
alternating rows. thing: as, to be enamoured of a lady; to be
am-
use of acid. —Glass enamtl, an opatjue or semi-opaque
enambusht (en-am'b<i»h), i\ t. [< en-i -f-
glass having a milky appearance, due to the addition of enamoured of or with books or science.
bush.] To place or conceal in ambush. binoxid of tin. It Is used for window transparencies and
What trust is in these times?
"porcelain" lamp-shades.— Incrusted enamel, disks or
Etplor d embattled ran, the deep'ning line,
th'
similar small flat pieces of enameled metal inlaiil in a
They that when Richard liv'd would have him die,
Th tnaminuh'd phalanx, and the springing mine.
larger surface, as of chased melal or filigree. Llmoges — Are now ttecome enamour'd on his grave.
Cawthom, Elegy un Capt. Hughes. Shak., 2 Hen. IV., 1. 3.
enamttU * variety of surface-enamel produced especially
enamel (e-nam'el), n. [< ME. ettamaile (with at Limose* In fnace, In which vessels and decorative death 01), !

pieces of various kinds and sizes are ornamented with pic- I am not yet enamour'd of this breath
preti.x en-, due to the verb enamelen), prop.
torial subjects painted in many colors and in gold. This .So much nut I dare leave it.
'umaile, amel.amell, amelle, amall, aumayi, lat- work reached Us greatest excellence at the time of the Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 1.

er ammell (> D. G. email Dan. emaille Sw. = = Renaissance. Or should she, confident,
emalj), < OP. esmaU, P. imail, enamel: see enamel (e-nam'el), r. pret. and pp. enameled
; Descend with all her winning charms begirt
a)n«i.] 1. In eeram., a vitrified substance, or enamelled, ppr. enameling or enamelling. [< To ejiamottr, as the zone of Venus once
either transparent or opaque, applied as a coat- ME. enameten, enaumaylen, < OF. enamailler, Wrought that effect on Jove. MMon, P. R., 11. 214.
ing to pottery and porcelain of many kinds. enameler, enamaler (in pp.), < en- esmailler, > + He became passionately enamoured of this shadow of a
Irving.
Itu simply a fusilile kind of glass, and when transparent ME. amelen, amilen (see amel, v.), F. imailler (> dream.
Is commonly called glau. A vitreous coating of similar D. emaiUeren G. =
emailliren Dan. emaillere =
= Syn.
_„_. To- fascinate,
- ^ bewitch.
, .^, r, .

+
,
character i^applied to a class of Iron utensils for cooking,
= 8w. emaUera) =
Sp. Pg. esmaltar =
It. smal- enamouritet (e-nam o-nt), «. [< enamour
made
to serve other useful purposes.
A
-ite^, asm favorite.]
etc., anil is [Ra
iare.]
lover.
2. In the fine arts, a vitreous substance or glass, tare, enamel; from the noun.] '•1 I. trantf. 1.
To lay enamel upon cover or decorate with Is this no small servitude for an enamourite.
opaque or transparent, and variously colored, ;

Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 510.

applied as a coating on a surface oi metal or enamel.
for purposes of decora- Ther wer bassynes bry3t of brende golde clere,
ful enamourment (e-nam'or-ment), n. [< enamour
of porcelain (see def. 1)
tion. It consists of easily fusible salts, such as the sili-
Enaumaylde with a3er & eweres of sute. + -ment. Cf. OF. enainourement, < enamourer,
AUiteraliee Poenu(ed. Morris), 11. 1467. enamour.] The state of being enamoured;
cates and borates of sodium, potaaalom, lead, etc., to
which various earths and metallic oxid* are added to give A knife he bore. a falling desperately in love. Mrs. Cowden
the desired colors. These enamels are now prepared in Whose hilt was well enanulUd o'er
leaves on a golden ground.
Clarke.
the farm of sticks, like sealing-wax, and for use are pnl- With green
William Mmrit, Earthly Paradise, I. 107. enantbema
(en-an-the'ma,), «. [NL., < Gr.
Terized, and applied to the surface either dry or moistened
so as to form a paste. The object to be enameled is then as in i^dv(frjfia, an eruption : see
iv, in, -t- avSrijia,
2. To form a glossy surface like enamel upon:
exposed to a moderate temperature In a muffle, and the exanthema.] In pathoU, an eruption of the
vitreous sulMtance becomes sufflciently fluid t4) form a as, to enamel cardboard; specifically, to use
— membrane: distingxiished from exan-
brilliant and adhesive coating. Enamels in modem times an enamel upon the skin. af. To variegate or mucous
include an infinite number of tints ; l>ut those of the an- thema, an eruption of the skin.
adorn with different colors.
cient Orientals and of the Byzantine empire present but
The pleasing fume that fragrant Roses yeeld,
enantnesis (en-an-the'sis), «. [NL., < Gr. h,
few colors, and those distinctly contrastnig. See def. 3,
When wanton Zephyr, sighing on the field, in, +
avtitityic, blossom, < avBe'iv, blossom, bloom.
and Lirno^^t etuitufl, i)elow. Cf. enanthema.] In )>athol.,a,Ti eruption on the
E-namiheU all.
8. Enainel-work: a piece or sort of work whose Sylnesttr, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, I. 6. skin from internal disease, as in scarlet fever,
ehief decorative quality lies in the enamel it- cMA.— Enameled See
Enameled cloth. See measles, etc.
glass.
self: as, a fine piece of cloisonne enamel; a spe- qlai*S.
enantioblastous (e-nan'ti-o-blas'tus), a. [<
cimen of enamel k jour, of this work there are three II. intrans. To practise the use of enamel Gr. ivavTior, opposite (see enantiosis), p'ka- +
distinct classes (1) eloisnnnf rnamrl, In whiih partitions
:
or the art of enameling. ardi, germ.] In hot., having the embryo at the
surroundinic the compartments of enamel of eacli dilferent
color are formed of wire of rectanKUlar section secured to Tliough it were focdish to colour or enamel upon the end of the sped directly opposite to the hilum.
glasses of telescopes, yet to gild the tulws of them may
the iKMiy or foundation VI) rhninjd'-r^, fnamH, in which
;

render them more acceptable to the users, without les-

enantiomomhlc
«5U«uiwomoipiin, vi """ " y n a. Same
(e-nan'ti-6-m6r'fik),
the surface of the background in euKraved or hollowed out
to receive the «iuuDel; {A) mtrJaK.€uamrif in nliicli the sening the clearness of the object. Boyle, as cnaiitiomurphous.
 ; ;
;;

enantiomorphons 1910 encapsulation

enantiomorphous (e-nan'ti-o-mdr'fus), a. [< enannlngt, »• [ME. enarmynge; verbal n. of enbroudet, v. t. A Middle English form of em-
NL. eiiantiomurphits, < Gr. havTiof, opposite, + eiiarm, v.] Same as enarme. hroid.
form.] Contrasted in form specifically,
HOfxjiii, ; Ue griped the shelde so f aste by the enarmynrfe that the enbuscbementt, ". -An obsolete form of am-
similar in form, but not superposable related, catte niyght it not hym be-reve. lilerlin{E. E.T. S.), iii. tuyi.
; biishment.
as an object to its imago in a mirror, or a right- enarrationt (e-na-ra'shon), n. [= F. (^narration A gret enbuschetnent they sett,
Thare the foster thame mett.
to a left-hand glove. The corresponding right- Sp. enarracion =
Pg. enarragao =
It. enarrazi- = MS. Lincoln, A. 1. 17, foL 136.
and left-handed hemimorphic forms of quartz one, < L. enarratio(n-), < enarrare, pp. enarratus, Same as embusy.
enbusyt, v. t.
are enantiomorphous. relate in detaU, < e, out, -f- narrare, relate see
enc. An abbreviation of encyclopedia.
:

enantiopathic (e-nau'ti-o-path'ik), a. [= F. narrate.] Recital; relation; account; exposition.

enaiitiopaihique ; as enantiopathy +
Serv-
en cabochon (on ka-bo-shfih'). [P.] See cabo-
-ic.'] This book did that high-priest embezell, wherein was chon.
ing to excite an opposite passion or feeling; contained tlieir genealogies to the dayes of Phineas, to-
specifically, in med., palliative. gether with an historical! enarration of the years of their en cachette (on ka-shet'). [F. : en, in; ca-
generation of life. Bp. Hall, Def. of Remonstrance. chetic, hiding-place, < cacher, hide: see cached.]
enantiopathy (e-nan-ti-op'a-thi), n. [< Gr. as
if 'ivaiTioiratfeia, < havTioTraSilic, having contrary enarthrodia (en-ar-thro'di-a), n. Same as en- In hiding secretly. ;

arthrosis. + The vice-consul informed me that, in divers discussions

properties, < ivavrio^, contrary, opposite, tra-
with the Turks about the possibility of an Englishman
flof, suffering, passion.] 1, An opposite pas- enarthrodial (en-ar-thro'di-al), a. [< enarthro- finding his way en cachette to ileccah, he had asserted that
sion or affection. dia -al.] +
Pertaining to enarthrosis ; having his compatriots could do everytliing, even pilgrim to the
the character of a ball-and-socket joint: as, Holy City. M. F. Burton, El-Medinah, p. 486.
Whatever may be the case in the cure of t>odies, enan-
tiopathy, and not honiteopathy, is the true medicine of
enarthrodial movements or articulations. encSBnia, n. pi. See eticenia.
minds. enarthrosis (en-ar-thro'sis), n. [NL., < Qi.hap- encage, incage (en-, in-kaj'), v. t.; pret. and
Sir W, Hamilton.
Opuaic, a kind of jointing, < ct, in, -I- apBpov, a joint. pp. encaged, incaged, ppr. encaging, incaging.
2. AUopathy: a term nsed by homeopathists.
Cf. arthrosis, diarthrosis.'] In anat., a ball-and- [< F. cncager, < cn-^, in-, in, + cage, cage.]
enantiosis (e-nan-ti-6'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. ivav-
socket joint; a kind of movable arthrosis or To put in a cage shut up or confine in a cage
Tiuaig, contradiction, < havridecdai, contradict, ;
free articulation which consists in the socket- hence, to coop up confine to any narrow limits.
gainsay, < havrioc, contrary, opposite, < h-, in, ;

of a convex end of a bone in a concavity

+ avrio;, contrary, < avTi, against: see atiti-.'] ing He [Samson] carries away the gates wherein they
of another bone, forming a joint freely mov- thought to have encaged him. Bp. Hall, Sampson's End.
In rliet, a figure of speech consisting in expres-
able in every direction. The hip and shoulder
sion of an idea by negation of its contrary, or by encalendar (en-kal'en-dar), V. t. [< en-1 -I-
are characteristic examples. Also enarthrodia.
use of a word of opposite meaning. Tlie term anti- calendar.] To register in a calendar, as the
pkrasis was originally used as equivalent to enantiosis in enascentt (e-nas'ent), a. [< L. enascen(t-)s, saints of the Roman Catholic Church.
both forms, but is now usually limited to signify enantio- ppr. of enasci, spring up, issue forth, < e, out,
For saints preferred,
sis by use of a word of opposite meaning. Enantiosis by + nasci, be born : see nascent.'] Coming into Of which we find tiiese four have been,
negation of the contrary, as, *'he is no fool" for "he is
being; incipient; nascent. And with their leader still to live eiicalendar'd.
wise," is generally called Enantiosis or antiphra-
litotes.
You just get the first glimpse, as it were, of an enascent Drayton, Polyolbion, xxiv.
sis in such instances as the "Eumenides" (that is, "the
gracious ones") for the "Erinyes" (Furies), or the "Good equivocation. Warburion, Occasional Reflections, ii.
encallO'W (en-kal'6), n. [< en- (of which the
People" for the fairies, passes into euphemism. See enatationt (e-na-ta'shon), n. [< L. as if "ciia- force or origin is not clear) + callow^, q. v.]
ironi/.
tatio\n-), < enaiatus, pp. of enatare, swim out, Among the brickmakers near London, England,
Enantiotreta (e-nan'ti-o-tre'ta), 11. pi. [NL., < e, out, -t- natare, swim : see natant, natation.'] the soil, vegetable mold, etc., resting upon the
neut. pi. ot *enantiotretus : see enantiotretows.']

In Ehrenberg's system (1836), a division of in-

A swimming out; escape by swimming. brick-earth or clay.
enate (e'nat), a. [< L. enatus, pp. of enasci, encallO'W (en-kal'6), V. t. [< encallow, n.] To
fusorians, having an intestine, and two aper-
be born: see enascent.] 1. Growing out. remove encallow from.
tures, at opposite ends of the body.
The parts appertaining to the bones, which stand out encalm (en-kam'), V. t. [< e»-l -I- calm^.] To
enantiotretous (e-nan''ti-o-tre'tus), a. [< NL. at a distance from their bodies, are either the adnate or place calmly or reposefvdly.
* enantiotretus, <Gr. evavrioc, opposite, + Tfrrirdq, the eJiate parts, either the epiphyses or the apophyses of
the bones. J. Smith, Portraiture of Old Age, p. 176.
With an illumined forehead, and the light
perforated, verbal adj. of Ttrpaivuv (v' *Tpa), Whose fountain is the mystery of God
bore, perforate.] Having an opening at each 2. Eclated through the mother; maternally Encabned within his eye.
end of the body, as the Enantiotreta. cognate ; as a noun, one so related. N. P. Willis, Scene in Gethsemane.
enarcht (en-arch' ), V. t. An obsolete form of in- In all tribal society, either the agnates or the enates encamp (en-kamp'), V. [< en-1 + camp"^.] I.
arch. are clearly distinguished from the other cognates, and intrans. To go into camp form and occupy a ;

enarch^ (en-ar-sha'), a. [F., < en- + arche, organized into a body politic, usually called the elan or
camp settle in temporary quarters, formed by ;
gens. J. )V, Powell, Science, V. 347.
arch: see arch^.'\ In her., same as enarched; tents or huts, as an army or a company.
also, rarely, same as arched. enation (f-na'shon), n. [< L. as if *enatio(n-), encamp round about the taber-
The Levites . . . shall
enarched (en-archf), p. a. [Pp. of enarch, v. < enatus, pp. of enasci, be born: see enate, nacle. Num. i. 60.
Cf. enarche.']In her., com- enascent.] 1. In bot., the production of out- Encamp against the city and take
it. 2 Sam. xii. 28.
bined with or supported by growths or appendages upon the surface of an The four and twentieth of July, the King in Person, ac-
anarch. A chevron enarched organ. —
2. In ethnol., maternal relationship. companied with divers of the Nobility, came to Calais;
has a round or pointed arch enaunterf, adv. [For en aunter, after ME. in and the six and twentieth encamped before Boulogne on
the North-side. Baker, Chronicles, p. 292.
beneath it, seeming to sup- aunter, peradventure in, F. en, in; aunter,
:

port it at the angle aventure, chance, adventure.] Lest that. He was encamped under the trees, close to tiie stream.
Bend H. James, Jr., Pass. Pilgrim, p. 464.
enarched. Same as t>ei\d archy Anger nould let him speake to the tree,
(whicli see, under bejtd^). Enaunter his rage mought cooled bee. H. trans. To form into or fix in a camp
enargite (en-ar'jit), n. [< Gr. Spenser, Shep. Cal., February. place in temporary quarters.
Argent, a'Chevron En-
ivapyiig, visible, palpable, < hv, arched Gules. en avant (on a-von'). [F. : en, < L. inde, hence; Beyond the river we'll encamp ourselves.
in, + apyd^, bright, dte^.'] + avant, before, forward: see avant, advance.] Shak., Hen. V., iii. 6.

A sulpharsenite of copper occurring in small Forward; onward. Sultan Selim encamped his army in this place when he
black orthorhombic crystals, also massive, in enavigatet (e-nav'i-gat), v. i. and *. [< L. ena-
came to besiege Cairo.
Pococke, Description of the East, I. 23.
Peru, Chili, Colorado, etc. vigattts, pp. of enavigare, sail out, sail over, <
enarmf (en-arm'), V. [< ME. enarmen, < OF. e, out, + navigare, sail see navigate.] To sail :
encampment (en-kamp'ment), n. [< encamp
enarmer, arm, equip, provide with arms or ar- out or over. Cockeram. + -ment.] 1. The act
of forming and occupy-
mor, provide, as a shield, with straps, < en, in, enb-. See emb-. ing a camp; establishment in a camp.
+ armes, arms: see arm^.'\ I. trans. 1. To en barbette (on' bar-bet'). [F.] In barbette We may calculate that a square of about seven hundred
yards was sufiicient for the encampment of twenty thou-
equip with arms or armor. so as to fire over the parapet. See barbette. sand Romans. Gibbon, Decline and Fall, i.
How mony knightes there come & kynges enanned. enbaset, v. t. Same as embase. 2. The place where a body of men is encamped
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 87. enbastet, v. t. [< en-i + baste^.] To steep or a camp.
I will, by God's grace, fully set forth the same, to enarni imbue. Davies. Wlien a general bids the martial train
you to withstand the assaults of the papists herein, if you It is not agreeable for the Holy Ghost, which may not Spread their encampment o'er the spacious plain.
mark well and read over again that wliich I now write. suffer the Church to err in interpreting the Scriptures, to Thick rising tents a canvas city build. Gay, Trivia.
J. Bradford, Letters (Parker Soc, 1863), U. 142. permit the same notwithstanding to be oppressed with
superstition, and to be enbasted with vain opinions. encankert (en-kang'k^r), V. t. [< en-1 -f- can-
2. In old cookery, to lard. Philpot, Works (Parker Soc), p. 379. ker.] To corrode ; canker.
The crane is enarmed f ul wele I wot What needeth me for to extoU his fame
With larde of porke. enbaumet, enbawmet, v. t. Obsolete forms of
With my rude pen eticankered all with rust?
Liber Cure Cocoruiji, p. 29. embalm. Skelton, Elegy on the Earl of Northumberland.
enbibet, v. t. A Middle English form of imbibe.
H. intrans. To arm; put encantMs (en-kau'this),
n. [NL., < Gr. iyKavdig,
on armor or take weapons. enblanchf, v. t. An obsolete form of emblanch. a tumor in the corner of the eye, < ev, in, +
en bloc (on blok). [P.: e», in; 6Zoc, block: see Kovdoc, the comer of the eye: see cant^.] In
While shepherds they enarine vnus'd in and blocki.] In block in a lump as, the ;
pathol., a small tumor or excrescence growing
:
to danger.
of Du Bartas's
shares will be sold en bloc.
T. Hudson, tr. from the inner angle of the eye.
[Judith, i. 371. We are bound to take Nature en bloc, with all her laws
and all her cruelties, as well as her beneficences. en cantiel. [Heraldic P.: P. en, in; "cantiel,
enarmet, ». [OF., < enarmer, Contemporary Rev., LIII. 81. appar. var. of OP. cantel, corner: see cantle.]
provide, as a shield, with
enboseif, v. t. An obsolete form of emboss^. In her., placed aslant that is, with the pale —
straps: see enarm.'] The not vertical to the beholder, but sloping, usual-
enbose^t, v. t. Same as emboss^.
gear for holding the shield
enbracet, v. An obsolete form of embrace. ly with the top toward the left said of an es- :

by passing the arm through enbraudet, v. t. Middle English form of em- cutcheon, which is often so placed in seals.
A
straps or the like. broid. encapsulate (en-kap'su-lat), V. t. ; pret. and pp.
enarmed (en-armd'), a. [< enbreamet, a. [Irreg. < en-i + breame, var. of encapsulated, ppr. encapsnlating. [< en-1 +
en-l + armed.'] In her., hav- brim*, a.] Strong; sharp. Nares. capsule + -ate^.] To inclose in a capsule.
ing arms (that is, horns, ^.tH^T^^t'ti encapsulation (en-kap-si\-la'shon), «. [< en-
We can be content (for the health of our bodies) to drink
hoofs, etc.) of a diflferent Gear. (From Viollet-
^ sharpe potions, receive aud indure the operation of en- capsulatc + -ion.] The act of surrounding with
COlor from that of the body. biiierfran9ais.")
"
breame purge», Horthbrookt, Dicing (1677), a capsule.
 ;

encapBnle 1911 encephalon

encapsole (en-kap'sul), c. t.
;
pret. and pp. en- another color. The manufacture and employment of en- pith of young palm-shoots), -I- aproc, bread.]
caustic tiles were brought to great excellence in connec-
capsuled, ppr. encapsuling. [< en-^ + capsule.']
tion with the architecture
A genus of Cycadacew, having short cylindrical
To encapsulate. of the twelfth and thir- or spherical trunks, with a terminal crown of
SneapmUed by a more or leas homogeneous membranous teenth centuries, particu- pinnate leaves, which have coriaceous, often
layer. Gegenbaur, Comp. Anat, (trans.), p. 107. larly in France and Eng- spiny, leaflets. There ai'e about a dozen species, found
land ; and the art has only in southern Africa, but some of them are grown in
encaptivate 'en-kap'ti-vat), V. t. ; pret. and been successfully revived conservatories for ornament. The Kafirs use the spongy
pp. encaptivated, ppr. encaptirating [< en-l . + in the nineteenth century.
farinaceous pith of the trunk and cones as food ; hence
To captivate. [Rare.] Imp. Diet. The name is an arbitrary
they have received the name
captil^ah^.^ of Kafir-bread.
one^ "without relation to
encamalize (eu-kar'nal-iz), V. t. ; pret. and pp. the process of manufac- Encephalata (en-sef-a-la'til), n. pi. [NL.,
encarnali^eJ, ppr. encanializing [< en-1 car- . + ture.— Encaustic vase, neut. pi. of encephalatus : see encephalate.]
Mofce.] To make carnal ; sensualize. [Rare.] a vase painted with the -Animals which have an encephalon, as all
so-called encaustic colors
Dabbling a shameless hand with shameful jest, of Wedgwood ware. See
cranial vertebrates: nearly synonymous with
Eiicai-nalUe their spirits. Tennytoiiy Princefls, iii. encatMtic painting (&). Vertebrata, and exactly with Craniota.

encarpi, Plural of encarpus,

". H. n. [< L. encaus- encephalate (en-sef'a-lat), a. [< NL. ence-
tica, < Gr. lyKavariioi. 2ihalafus, <. encephalonlhraia: see encephalon.]
encarpinm (en-kar'pi-um), n. ; pi. encarpia (-a).
[NL., < (jr. i)mpiTu>^, containing seed, as friiit See I.] The art, Having an encephalon, or a brain and skull;
(e/ita/KTOf, containing fruit), < tv, in, + Kafnrd^, method, or practice cranial, as a vertebrate.
fruit.] Same as sporophore. of encaustic paint- encephalatrophic (en-sefa-la-trof'ik), a. [<
encarpna (en-kar'pus), n. pi. encarpi (-pi). ;
ing. Gr. f ; iii(l>a'/.o(, the brain, +
aTpo<liia, atrophy see :

[NL., prop, 'encarpum, L. only pi. encarpa, < encansttun (en-kas'- encephalon and atrophy.] Pertaining to or af-
Gr. h/Kapira, pi., festoons of fruit on friezes or tum), H. [< Gr. f}- flicted with atrophy of the brain.
KavcTov, neut. of iy- Part of a Medieval Pavement of encephalic (en-se-fal'ik or en-sef'a-lik), a.
capitals of columns, neut. pi. of tynapTToq, con- Encaustic Tiles. — Church of St.
[<
taming fruit, < iv, in, -t- mp-Koq, fruit.] In arch., KavcTo^, burnt in see Pierre-sur-Dive, Normandy. From
: (
encephalon -ic; + =
F. encephalique Sp. en- =
a sctUptured ornament in imitation of a gar- encaustic] VioUct-le-Duc's "Diet, de r Archi-
The en- tecture." )
ccfdlico =
Pg. encephalico, < NL. encephalicus,
land or festoon of fruits, leaves, or flowers, amel of a tooth. < encephalon, the brain: see encephalon.] 1.
or of other objects, suspended between two encave, incave (en-, in-kav'), v. t. pret. and Pertaining to the encephalon; cerebral. 2.
;
—
points. The garland is of greatest size in the middle, pp. encaved, incaced, ppr. encamng, incaning. Situated in the head or within the cranial cav-
and diminishes gradually to the points of suspeusion, from [< en-1, in-, +cave^.] To hide in or as in a ity; intracranial.
cave or recess. encephalitic (en-sef-a-lit'ik), a. [< encepha-
Do but encave yourself, litis +
-jc] Pertaining to or afflicted with en-
And mark the Seers, the gibes, and notable scorns. cephalitis.
That dwell in every region of his face.
Shak., Othello, iv. 1.
encephalitis (en-sef-a-li'tis), n. [NL., < en-
An abrupt turn in the course of the ravine placed a cephalon -i- -itis.] Iii ^afftoi!., inflammation of
protecting cliff between us and the gale. We
were com- the brain.
pletely eneaved. Kane, Sec. Grinn. Exp., II. 264.
encephalocele (en-sef'a-lo-sel), n. [= F. en-
-ence, -ency. See -anee, -ancu, and -ent. c^phalocele =
Sp. encefdlocele, < Gr. eyKi(pah)g,
enceinte (on-sanf), »• [F., (enceinte (< L. in- the brain, KTjhi, tumor.] +
In pathol., hernia
cincta), fern. pp. of enceindre Pr. eneenher = of the brain. =
It. incingere, < L. incingere, gird about, surround, encephalocoele (en-sef'a-lo-sel), n. [< Gr. ey-
< in, in, + cingere, gird: see ceint, cincture, and Kf^/of, the brain, -t- icoiXof, hollow.] In anat.,
Encaipuc— Fron PmUx«o NIccoUiU, Rome.
cf. «ii«tii«(Kre.J 1. In /or<., an inolosure; the the entire cavity of the encephalon, consisting
which the ends generally hang down. The encarpus is wall or rampart which surrounds a place, often of the several coeli» or ventricles and their con-
•omettmea conip(Med of an Imitation of drapery similarly composed of bastions or towers and curtains. necting passages. [Rare.]
disposed, and fretjuently of an assemblage of mnslcal in- The enceinte with the space inclosed within it encephaloid (en-sef 'a-loid), a. [= F. encepha-
struments, or implements of war or of the chaae, accord-
is called the body of the place. Uiide, < Gr. cyKe<j>a?.oc, the brain, -I- ciSo^, form.]
Iiil; to the purp'tne to which the building It ornaments la

iippritpiiatfti.
encase, encasement. See inease, incasement.
encastainent (en-kash'ment), n. [< 'encash (<
The best authorities estimate the number of habita- Resembling the matter of the brain Encepha-
tions |in El-Medlnah] at about 1500 within the enceinte, loid cancer, a soft, rapidly growing, and very malignant
and those in the suburb at 1000. carcinoma or cancer, with abundant epithelial cells and
R. F. Burton, El-Hedinah, p. 2S9. scanty stroma so named from its brain-like appearance
:

'n-l + ctish^) + -ment.l "In £ng. banking, pay- and ctmsistence. Also called carcinoma moUe and medttl-
2. The close or precinct of a cathedral, abbey, tary cancer.
ment in ca-sh of a note, draft, etc.
castle, etc.
encastage (en-kis'tjj), n. [Appar. < ei»-i -I- encephalology (en-sef-a-lol'o-ji), n. [< NL. en-
cosfi, c, -I- -age.} 'the arrangement in a pot-
enceinte (on-sanf), a. [F., fern, of eneeint (< L. cephalologia, < Gr. iyKtifako^, the brain, -I- -Myia,
incinctus), pp. of enceindre, < L. incingere, gird
tery- or porcelain-kiln of the pieces to be < Aiyciv, speak see -ology.] A description of the:

about: see enceinte, n.] Pregnant; with child.

flred, inclosed in their seggars if these are em- encephalon or brain ; the science of the brain.
encenla, encsnia (en-se'ni-s.), n. pi., used also
plovt'il.
as sing. L. rncwnia, < Gif. ryuatvia, neut. pi.,
encephaloma (en-sef-ii-lo'ma), n. pi. encepha- ;

encaiunat Cen-k&'mA), n. [NL., < Or. tyxav/ia,

[<
a feast of renovation or consecration, a name
lomatu (-tna-tfi). [Nt., < encephalon -oma.'] +
a mark burnt in, a sore from burning, < iyKaitiv, In pathol., an encephaloid cancer.
for Easter, < iv, in, -f- Kaiv6^, new, recent.] 1.
bom in: see encaustic.'] In snrg.: (a) The Festive ceremonies observed in early times in encephalomalacia (en-sefa-lo-ma-la'si-a), n.
mark left by a bum, or the bleb or vesicle pro- [NL., < Gr. iyiii(pa^o(, the brain, -I- fiaMiKia, soft-
honor of the construction of cities or the con-
duced by it. (6) Ulceration of the cornea, ness, < ua>M(6t, soft.] In pathol., softening of
secration of churches, and in later times at the
causing the loss of the aqueous humors. the brain.
imiversities of Oxford and Cambridge in hon-
encaustic (en-k^'tik), a. and ». [= F. eneaus- encephalomata,
or of founders and benefactors: exceptionally
Ji'l'ii-. < L. eneausHeus, < Gr. iyiammiiii, of or n. Plural of en- v-xir
used as a singular.
for burning in, ij eyKavarmi/ (sc. rrxv/), L. en- cephaloma.
The elegies and encemiat of those days were usually of
caustira, the art of encaustic painting, < lynav-
formidid>le length. Qiford, Int. to Ford's Plays, p. Ixvii.
encephalomere
OTo^, burnt in, painted in, encaustic, < iyKoietv, (en-sef ' a- lo-
bum in, < h, in, + Koitw, bum: see caustic. Specifically —
2. In the Greek New Testament, mer), n. [< Gr.
Prom the neat, ^'j-nawn-ov (> LL. encaustum, pur- and hence sometimes in English writing, the iyfCf^aXof, the II
ple-red ink) is derived E. ink, q. v.] I. a. Per- Jewish feast of the dedication. See feast. brain, fiipoc, +
taining to the art of painting with pigments in encensef, n. and t>. A
Middle English form part.] Inanat.,
of incense.
which wax enters as a vehicle, or to a painting an encephalic
80 executed. Encephala^ (en-sef'a-l&), n. pi. [NL., neat. pi. segment ; one
of encephaltis, < Gr-fj-itt^oX^, in the head; as of the series of
It Is a vaulted apartment, decorated with encaiufu;
. .

ornaments of the mo«t brilliant colors.

.
a noun, the brain see ence/ihalon.] In zool.
:
parts into which :

B. Taylor, Ijinds of the Saracen, p. 123. (a) In Haeckel's classification, a group of mol- the brain is nat-
luscous or soft-bodied animals, composed of the urally divisible,
BnMnstlc painting (a) The art of painting with wax as
a vemcle strictly applicable only to painting executed or
:
snails ((,'ochlides) and cuttles (Cephalopoda): as the prosen-
flnisheii by the agency of heat, but applle<t also to modern one of his two main divisions of MoUusca, the cephalon, dien-
methods of paiiitlnE In wax. In which the wax-colors are other being Acephala, or the brachiopods and cephalon, etc.
dissolved in a vuiatlTe oil and used in the ordinary way. In
lamellibranchs. (6) As used by E. R. Lankes- [Rare.]
the h<)t pnx-eas colored sticks of wax and resin are melted
on a heated palette, applied urith the bnish, and afterward ter, a prime division or branch of the MoUusca,
Five en-
mixieled and anitad with a heated Iron and spatula. After represented by two series, Lipoglossa and Echi- cephalicdefinite segments
tli>' turfarc has become cool and hard, it Is rubbed with a
noglossa, as together contrasted with Lipocepha- or encephalomeres.
"le over with a clean linen cloth. According
t r-thod, tested by Count CayluH, the ground of
la. The Encephala in this sense contain the Wilder, New York Diagram of Vertebrate Encephalon: upper
gastropods, cephalopods, pteropods, and other [MedicalJour., figure in longitudinal vertical section and
1 is first nibbed over with a piece of beeswax,
(XLI. 327. lower figure in horizontal section.
and a(Ui«;ird with chalk or whiting, In order to form forms, (c) A group of mollusks including those Mb, mid-brain in front of it all is fore- :

a surface on wliiih the colon will adhere. The colors which have a head. Svnonymous with Cepha- encephalon brain, behind it all is hind-brain Lt, lamina ;

are mixed simply with water, and are applied in the ordi- tenninatis, represented by the heavy black
latn or Cephalophora (whichsee) : distinguished (en-sef'a-lon), line in upper figure Olj, olfactory lobes
nary t'ay. when the pictnre is dry. It is heated, and the :

wax softens and abaorbs the colors, forming a Arm ami from Acephala. n.; pi. encephala Hy**p, cerebral hemispheres THE, thala- ;

mencephalon Pn, pmeal body, or cona- :

durable coating. Encaustic painting was in very common encephala'"^ (en-sef'a-lft), n. Plural of enoepha- (-la). l=F.en- riura Py, pituitary body FM, or M, fora- ; :

use among the ancient Greeks and Romans. Paintings

executed In encaustic occupy. In color and general effect,
lon. cSphale =
men of Monro CS, corpus striatum Th,
Pg. optic thalamus: CQ, corpora auadrigemina:
; ;

a place midway between paintings in oil and In fresco. encephalalgia (en-sef-a-lal' ji-»), n. [NL. (= P. encephalo It. =
CC, crura cerebri Cb, cerebellum
Varolii MO, medulla oblongata /, ol-
Pt^, ; :

encq>halalgic), < Gr. eyKi^Ao^, within the head encefalo, < NL. pons
: :

(*) In e^-ain., nn arbitrary name given by Josiah Wedg- factory nerves //, optic nerves ///, point : ;

wood to his attcmpb-'l Imitation of the painted decora- (see encephalon), + iXyoc, pain, ache.] Same encephalon, also of exit from brain of the oculimotores: /f,
tion of Oreek vases, the effort tielng to pro<lilce llre<l colors of the pathetic! ;^/, of the abducentes; K. :

as cri>hnlnl<iia. encephalos,<.Gv. Xll, oriKins of other cerebral nerves i, ol- :

without the gloss of eiianifl. Encaustic tUe, a tile for lateral ventricle
Cveraent- and wall-decoration. In whlc-li thf pattern is In- Encephalairtos (en-sef-a-lar'tos), »i. [NL.,< Gr. iyK(<pa)u>c, the factory ventricle 3, ; •-, ;

third ventricle 4, fourth ventricle is in ; ; -t-

d or incrusted In clay of one color In a ground of clay of iyiiii^'^.oi:, within the head (as a noun, the edible brain, prop. adj. the iter e tertlo ad quartum ventriculuni-
 ,; — ; ;
;

encephalon 1912 enchecker

(sc. /n<e?Mi, marrow, the brain), within the head, enchant (en-chimf), v. t. [Formerly also in- Warmth of fancy — which
holds the heart of a reader
strongest enchantment. Pope, l*ref. to Iliad.
< fr, in, + the head.] In anat., that
xetpa?^, chant; < ME. cnchaunten, < OF. enchanter, en- uniler the
which is contained in the cranial cavity as a canter, F. enchanter =
Pr. encantar, enchantar 3. That which enchants or delights the power ;

whole ; the brain. = Sp. Pg. encantar =

It, incantare, < L. incan- or quality of producing an enchanting effect.
encephiilopatliia, encephalopathy (en-sef- tare, bewitch, enchant, say over, mutter or chant As we grow old, many of our senses grow dull, but tlie
a-lo-path'i-a, en-sef-a-lop'a-thi), «. [= F. en- a magic formula, < in, in, on, -t- cantare, sing, sense of beauty becomes a more perfect •Mxclmntment
e^halopathie, < NL. enceplialopathia, < Gr. tj- chant: see chant AnA incantation.] 1. To prac- every year. J. F. Clarke, Self-Culture, p. 187.

KiipaAo^. the brain, + TrdSof, suffering.] In pa- tise sorcery or witchcraft on subdue by charms ; = S3ni. 1. Charm, fascination, magic, spell, sorcery, nec-
thol., disease of the encephalon. or spells; hold as by a spell; bewitch. romancy, witchery, witchcraft. — 2. Kapture, transport,
ravisinnent.
encephalospinal (en-sefa-lo-spi'nal), a. [< By the Witchcraft of fair Words, [Rowena] so enchant- enchantress (en-chan'tres), n. [< ME. en-
NL. encephalon, bi-ain, + L'. spina, sjiine, + -a?.] ed the British Nobility that lier Husband Vortigern was
chauntercbse, <.0F. "enchanteresse, F. enchan-
Pertaining to the brain and the spinal cord. again establislied in the Kingdom. Baker, Chronicles, p. 4.
encephalotomy (en-sef-a-lot'o-mi), ». [< Gr. John thinks them all enchanted; he inquires if Nick teresse = It. incantatrice, < LL. *incantatrix,
had not given them some intoxicating potion. Arbuthnot. fem. of incantator, an enchanter: see enchant-
f;«p<i>.oc. thebrain, + roiiii, a cutting.] Dis-
section of the brain. 2.To impart a magical quality or effect to; er.] A woman who enchants, as by magic
spells, beauty, manner, or the like ; a sorceress.
encephalous (en-sef'a-lus), a. [< Gr. iyni^a/M^, change the nature of by incantation or sorcery
within the head see encephalon.
: The right bewitch, as a thing. From this enchantress all these ills are come. Dryden.
form for this meaning is cephalous. ] In conch . And now about the caldron sing. enchantryt, «. [ME. enchantery, enchaunterye,
having a head, as most moUusks of or pertain- ; Like elves and fairies in a ring. < OP. cnchanterie, enchantment, < enchanter,
ing to the Encephala : an epithet applied to mol- Enchanting all that you put in.
Shak., Macbeth, iv. 1.
enchant: see enchant.] Enchantment.
lusks, excepting the iMmcUiliriDicliia, which are
3. To delight in a high degree; charm; fasci- Tho the clerke hadde yseid hys enchaunterye,
said, in distinction, to be acephalous. Ther fore Silui Iiym let sle.
enchace^t, v. t. See enchase^. nate. Robert of Gloucester, p. 10.
Bid me discourse ; I will enchant thine ear.
enchace-t, *'• *• An obsolete spelling of enchase^. Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 145. encharget (en-charj'), v. t. [< ME. enchargen,
enchafet (en-chaf '), v. [< ME. encJiaufen, < en- + < OF. encharger, enchargier, encarchier, encar-
The prospect such as might enchant despair.
chaufen, chafe, as if ult. < L. incalefacere, make Cowper, Ketirement, I. 469. hier, etc., < ML. incaricare, load, charge, < L.
warm or hot: see p»-l and chafe. I. trans. '\
= Syn. 3. Enchant, Charm, Fascinate, captivate, enrap- in, in, + ML. caricare, earricare ( >r. encharger
1. To make warm or hot; heat. ture, carry away. To fascinate is to bring under a spell, = Pr. Sp. encargar = Pg. encarregar = lt. incari-
Ever the gretter merite shal he have that most re- as by the power of the eye ; to enchant and to charm are care, < charger, etc.), charge, load: see en-l and
wikkede eiichaujiiig or ardure of this sinne.
BtrejTieth the to bring under a spell by some more subtle and mysterious
Chaucer, Parson's Tale. power. This difference in the literal affects also the fig- charge.] To give in charge or trust.
urative senses. Enchant is stronger than charm. All gen- I have dispatched away Mr. Meredith, his Majesty's sec-
So in the body of man, when tlie blond is moved, it in-
erally imply a pleased state in that whicli is affected, but retary of the embassy here, by the Catherine yacht, and
vadeth the vitall and spirituall vessels, and being set on
fire, it encha^eth the whole body.
fascinate less often than the others. encharqed with my main pacquet to the secretary.
Holland, tr. of Plutarch, p. 694. So stands the statue that enchants the world. Sir W. Temple, To my Lord Treasurer, July 20, 1678.
Thomson, Summer, 1. 1346. His countenance would express the spirit and the pas-
2. To ehafeorfret; provoke; enrage; irritate.
was encharged with.
sion of tile part he Jefrey.
The books that charmed us in youth recall the delight
And
yet as rough. ever afterwards. Alcolt, Table-Talk, i.
Their royal blood enchafd, as the rud'st wind, encharget (en-charj'), w. l<. encharge, v.] An
That by the top doth take the mountain pine Many a man is fascinated by the artifices of composi- injunction a charge.
;

And make him stoop to the vale. tion,who fancies that it is the subject which had operated
Shak., Cymbeline, iv. 2. so potently. De Quincey, Style, i. A nobleman being to passe thi'ough a water, commaund-
Mackenzie as a bird before a boa- ed his trunipetter to goe before and sound the depth of it
Seizes the rough, enchafed northern deep. She sat under Mrs.
constrictor, doomed — fluttering fascinated. who to shew himselfe very mannerly, refus'd this encharge,
J, Baillie. and push'd the nobleman himselfe forward, saying: No,
To become warm. Thackeray, Newcomes, Ixxiii.
n. intrans. sir, not I, your lordsliip shall pardon me.

As thai enchui^fe, thei shul be losid fro ther place. enchanter (en-chan'ter), n. enchanter, [< ME. A. Copley, tr. of Wits, i'its, and Fancies (ed. 1614).
Wycli/, Job vi. 17 (Oxf.). enchaunter, enchauntour, < OF. enchanteor, en- enchase^t, v. t. [< ME. enehasen, enchacen, < OF.
enchain (en-chan'), v. t. [Formerly also in- chanteur, P. enchanteur Pr. encantaire, = encan- enehacier, enchacer, enchasser, encachier, enca-
chain; < OF. enchainer, F. enchalner = Pr. 8p. tador =
Sp. Pg. encantador =
It. incantatore, <
cier (= Pr. encassar), chase away, < en- cha- +
encadenur =
Pg. encadear =
It. incatenare, < L. incantator, an enchanter, < incantare, charm, cier, chacer, chasser, chase : see eu-i and chase^.]
ML. incatenare, enchain, < L. in, in, + catenare enchant: see enchant.] 1. One who enchants To drive or chase away.
(> OF. chainer, F. chatner, etc.), chain: see en-i or practises enchantment; a sorcerer or ma-
After the comynge of this myghty kynge,
and chain.'] 1 . To chain ; fasten with a chain gician. Om'e olde woo andtroubille to enchace.
bind or hold in or as if in chains hold in bond- ; Flatereres ben the develes enchauntours, for they maken Lydgate. (Halliwell.)
age; enthrall. [Obsolete in the literal use.] a man to wenen himself be lyke that he is not lyke. And ne we ne shull no helpe haue of hym that sholde
Chaucer, Parson's Tale. hem alle enchace oute of this londe, that is the kynge Ar-
In times past the Tynans enchained the images of
. . .
Than Pharo called for the wyse men and enchaunters of thur. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 182.
their Gods to their shrines, for fear they would abandon Egypte ; and they did in lyke manner with their sorcery.
their city and be gone. Holland, tr. of Plutarch, p. 712. enchase^ (en-chas '),?'. t.; pret. and pp. cHcftased,
Bible (1651), Ex. vii.
What should I do? while here I was etichain'd, ppr. enchasing. [Also inchase, and early mod.
2. One who charms or delights Enchanter's E. enchace, inchace; < F. enchdsser, enchase, <
Ko glimpse of godlike liberty remaln'd. nightshade, a name of the common species of the genus
Dfyden, .lEueid.
Circcea, natural order Onagrace(e, low and slender erect en- +
chdsse, a frame, chase, > E. chase^, q. v.
2. To hold fast; restrain; confine: as, to en- herbs with small white flowers, inhabiting cool, damp Hence by apheresis c/iose3, q. v.] 1. To inlay;
cliain the attention. woods of the northern hemisphere. incrust with precious stones or the like.
The subtUty of nature and operations will not be in- enchanting (en-ch&n'ting), p. a. Charming; Thou Shalt have gloss enough, and all things fit
chained in those bonds. ravishing ; delightful to mind or sense : as, an T' enchase in all show thy long-smothered spirit.
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 215. enchanting voice ; an enchanting face. Ckaptnan, Bussy d'Ambois, L 1.
It was the Time when silent Night began Simplicity in manners has an enchanting effect.
. . . Then fear the deadly drag, when gems divine
T' enchain with Sleep the busie Spirits of Man. Kames, Elem. of Criticism, iii. Enchase the cup and sparkle in the wine.
Cowley, Davideis, i. Dryden, tr. of Juvenal's Satires, x. 40.
The mountains rise one behind the other, in an enchant-
3. To link together; connect. [Rare.] ing gradation of distances and of melting blues and grays. And precious stones, in studs of gold enchased.
H. James, Jr., Trans. Sketches, p. 242. The shaggy velvet of his buskins graced.
One contracts and enchains his words. Howell. Mickle, tr. of the Lusiad, ii.
enchantingly (en-chan'ting-li), adv. In an en-
enchainment (en-chan'ment),
chainement =
Pr. encadenen Sp. eneadena- =
n. [< F. en- chanting manner; so as to delight or charm. Hence — 2. To inerust or enrich in any manner
Yet never schooled, and yet learned ; full adorn by ornamental additions or by ornamen-
miento =Pg. encadeamento It. incatenamento, = lie's
of noble device
gentle
;
;

of all sorts eiu^hantingly beloved. tal work.

< Mil. *incatenamentum, < incatenare, enchain: Shak., As you Like it, i. 2. She wears a robe enchoMd with eagles eyes.
see enchain and -ment.] 1 The act of enchain- .
ME. To signify her sight In mysteries.
ing, or the state of being enchained; a fasten-
enchantment (en-chtot'ment), n. [< en-
B. Jonson, The Barriers.
chantement, enchauntement, < OF. enehantement,
ing or binding; bondage. encantement, F. enehantement 'Pv. encantamen
= Vain as swords
Against the enchased crocodile.
It is quite another question what was the time and
what were the circumstances wiiich, by an e}ichain7nent
= Cat. encantament ^
Sip. encantamento, enean- Keats, Endymion, i.
as of fate, brought on the period of crime and horror
tamiento =
Pg. encantamento It. incantamen- =
3. To chase, as metal-work. Seechase^.l. 4t. —
which before the war with England had already coloured to, < L. incantamentum, a charm, incantation, <
To inclose or contain as something enchased.
the advancing stages of the Revolution [in France]. incantare, charm, enchant: see enchant.] 1.
Gladstone, Nineteenth Century, XXI. 923. The pretended art or act of producing effects My ragged rimes are all too rude and bace
Her heavenly lineaments for to enchace.
2. A linking together; concatenation. [Rare.] by the invocation or aid of demons or the .Spenser, F. Q., I. xii. 23.
And we shall see such a connection and enchainment agency of spirits ; the use of magic arts, spells, (en-cha's6r), «. One who enchases;
enchaser
of one fact to anotlier, throughout the whole, as will force or charms; incantation; that which produces
the most backward to confess that the hand of God was
a chaser.
magical results
of a truth in this wonderful defeat. enchasten (en-cha'sn), v. t. [< en-l + chasten'>^.]
Warhurton, Julian's Attempt to Kebuild the Temple, ii. 3, A-noon as thei were a-bedde, Merlin be-gan an en- To chasten chastise ; correel H. K. White, ; .
chauntement, and made hem to slepe alle.
The idea of a systematic enchainment of phenomena, Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. enchaufet, v. A Middle English form of enchafe.
609.
In which each is conditioned by every other, and none
The magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner encheasont, n. See encheson.
can be taken in isolation and explained apart from the
rest, was foreign to his [Epicurus's] mind.
with their enchantTnents. Ex. vii. 11. encheckt (en-chek'), V. t. [< «n-l + cheek^.]
Encyc. Brit., VIII. 475. She a witch, sure,
is
To checker.
enA + To And works upon him with some damn'd enchantment. Where th' art-full shuttle rarely did encheck
enchair (en-char'), V. t. [< chair.']
Fletcher (and another), False One, iii. 2.
The cangeant colour of a Mallards neck.
seat or place in a chair; place in a position of Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's "Weeks, The Decay.
authority or eminence. [Rare.] 2. The state or condition of being enchanted,
literally or figuratively; especially, a very de- encheckert, enchequert (en-chek'fer),-t). t. [<
But thou. Sir Lancelot, sitting in my place
Enchaifd to-morrow, arbitrate the field. lightful influence or effect; a sense of charm en-^ + checker, chequer.] To checker; arrange
Tennyxon, Last Tournament. or fascination. in a checkered pattern. Davies.
 : —

encliecker 1913 enclitics

For to pave Specifically —
(a) A Boman Catholic service-book contain- encircletf (en-ser'klet), n. [Also incirckt:
The excellency of this cave, ing the Little OfBce of the Virgin. (!>) An ecclesiastical iiTeg. < e«-l -1- circlet, after the verb encircle.]
late shed manual of the Greek Church.
Squirrels' and cliildren's teeth
And neatly here encheauered. enchisel (en-chiz'el), pret. and pp. en-
r. t.;
A circle ; a ring.
'
Heerrick, Hesperides,
'
p. 177. ehiseled, enchiselled, ppr. enchiseling, enchiseU In whose incirclets if ye gaze,
Your eyes may tread the lover's maze.
enchedet, «• [ME., with aecom. E. suffix
-ecP, < ling. [< en-l +
chiset^Jl To out with a chisel. Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, ii.
OF. eneneu fallen, pp- of encheoir, fall, < en- Craig.
enclaretedt (en-Mar' e-ted), a. [< en-1 claret +
+ cfceotr, < L. cadere," fall : see cadent, ccwei.] enchondroma (en-kon-dro'ma), n.; pi. etwhon
-ed^.] +
Mingled -with claret ; claret-colored.
Fallen; vanquished. dromata (-ma-ta). [NL., < 6r. tv, in, x^'^^P^i, +
[Bare.]
And the emhMe
enchede kynge in the gay amies,
amies. eartila|e, V-mna.-] Same as chmdroma. Lips she has all ruble red.
Lysgronandeonethegrownnde, andgirdethoroweevene!
I,.... <-,i....../Tj ij T a^ 1 393«.
encnonoromatoas (en-kon-drom a-tus;, a. \\ Cheeks like creame enclarlted.
if arte Arlhure (E. E. T. 3.), 1.
-Mju
enchondroma{t-) + -ous.'] Same as cAondroma- Herrick, Hesperides, p. 146.

encheert (en-cher'), v. t. [< c»-i + cAeeri.] To tous. enclasp, inclasp (en-, in-klasp'), v. t. [< en-1,
enliven ; cheer. enchondroas (en-kon'drus), a. [< Gr. iv, in, in-2, -f clasp.] 1. To fasten with a clasp.
-t- xovdjMc, cartilage.] Cartilaginous. Thamas, 2. To clasp; embrace.
Andin his soveraine throne gan straight dUpoae
Hinuelfe, more full of grace and Majestic,
Med. Diet. The flattering ivy who did ever see
That mote encheare his friends, and foes mote terrifie. Encliopliyllaia (en-ko-fil'um), n. [NL. (Amyot Inclasp the huge trunk of an aged tree ?
Speiiser, F. Q., VII. vL 24. and Serville, 1843), <'Gr. iyx<>C, spear, lance, + F. Beaumont, The Hermaphrodite.

encheirion (en-ki'ri-on), n.; pi. encheiria (-a). (jivMmv =

L. folium, a leaf.] A genus of homop- encla'Ve (F. pron. on-klav'), v. t. pret. and pp. ;

[Gr. eyxciptov, < fv, in, + x^'Pt * hand.] A hand- terous insects of the family ilembracidce, of enclaved, ppr. enclaving. [In mod. use directly
kerchief or napkin hanging from the zone or arched compressed form, with a long, curved, from mod. F. ME. enclaven, < OF. enclaver, F. ;

girdle, formerly worn as one of the vestments hom-Uke process on the back pointing for- enclaver, inclose, lock in, < Pr. enclavar = It.
of the Greek clergy. It is regarded by some as ward. E. cruentatum, so called from its red inchiavare, lock, < ML. inclavare, inclose, < L.
the original form of the present epigonation. markings,._
inhabits tropical America.
.
in + clavis, a key (or clavus, a nail, boltf).]
Enchelia (en-ke'li-a), H. pi. [NL., < Gr. lyx^'/.vc, enchonal (en-ko ri-&\),^a. [< LL. cwcAoriMS (< To inclose or surround, as a region or state, by
an eel.] Ehrenberg's name (1830) of the group Gr. iyxupio^, in or of the country, < h, in, + the territories of another power.
of iiifusorians now called EnchelyidtB. X^pa, country) + -alJ] Belonging to or used enclave (F. pron. on-klav'), n. [D. G. enclave
Enchelycepliali (en-'kel-i-sef'a-U), n.pl. [NL., in a certain country; native; indigenous; de- Dan. enklave = =
Sw. enklav (def 1), < P. en- .

pi. of enciuliicephalus : see ehchelyeephalous.']
A group of apodal teleostean fishes, containing
the true eels and congers, as distinguished from
the mursenoids, etc., which form the group Colo-
oephali. The technical characters are the absence of a
pr«coracoid arch and symplectic bone, in connection with
t developed preoperculum and opercular bones. In Cope's
Stem the group la an order of phyaortoinoua llahes ; in
a suborder of .^podM
ill's,
,, , > r,
enchelyceplialona (en'kel-i-sef a-los), a. [<
NL. enchelycephalus, < Gr. e)';teXt>f, an eel,
KE^JI, head.] Pertainmg to or havmg the
ebaneten ot the Enchelycephalt.
of,
, .
motic: specifically applied to -written charac- clave, < enclaver, inclose: see enclave, v.] 1.
ters: as, an enchorial alphabet. See demotic. Something closed ; specifically, a small outly-
The demotic or enchorial writing is merely a form of ing portion of a country which is entirely sur-
hieratic used for the vulgar dialect, and employed for rounded by the territories of another power.
legal docnmenta from the time of Dyn. XXVI. downwards.
Eneyc. Brit, VII. 721. Enclaves are especially common among the
states of the German empire.
enchoric (en-kor'ik), a. Same as encftoriaZ.
Monaco is to be as it was before 1792, and Avignon, the
enchoilstic (en-ko-ris'tik), a. [As enchor-ial
Venaissin, Montbelliard, and all other enclaven within
+-istic.'\ Belonging to a given region; na- these limits are to be French territory.
^:^ indigenous, or autochthonous. Woolsey, Introd. to Inter. Law, App. ii., p. 410.
+ enchylenui (en-ki-le'mfi), n. [NL., < Gr. iv, in, In the centre of the Galla country are small enclaves,
+ 'y^^ .^^^. ^^^ ^^^j^^ { The fluid and like HarAr. R. N. CusI, Mod. Langs, of Africa, p. 125.
unorganized part of vegetable protoplasm.— 2. In her., anything let into something else,

enchelyid (en-kel'i-id), n. An animalcule

,
tlie family Enchelyida.
, ^^tt
Enchelyida (en-ke-h'i^de), n-p/. [NL., < En-
^ r.
chelys + -idte.] A family of free-swunming in-
fusorial animalcules. They are
holotrichous ciliate infUAOiiaiu more
or less ovate in form, and cilUted
throughout, the oral cilia being ilight-
ly larger than those of the general cu-
tlcalar surface. The cuticle is soft and
flexible, the oral aperture terminal or
lateral, and the anterior extremity of
the body never prolonged in a neck-
like manner. They are found in stag-
nant water, and multiply by fission.
Also EneJuiia, Knchetina, Enchelirum,
Biwhfhm, etc
Enchelys (en'ke-lis), n.
(MiUler, 178C), < Gr. iyxf'>v^, an
eel.] The typical genus of the
family Enclielyidw, with simply
terminal mouth, as in E.
ciliate
3. The hyaline or granular substance of the
especially when the thing let in is square.
nucleus of a cell, in which the other nuclear
endav6 (F. pron. on-kla-va'), o. [P., pp. of
elements are embedded. In her.: (o)
enclaver, inclose: see enclave.]
This iMual substance, enchytema, is probably more or less Let into another bearing or division of the
nearly (laid during life, and is e<iuivalent to the " kera-
saft" of those German writers who apply that term in Its
field,especially when the projecting piece is
proper and restricted sense. Science, VIII. 125. of square form. (6) Divided by a line broken
similar to embattled,
in square projections :
enchymatons (en-kim'a-tus), a. [< Gr. lyx^
fta{r-), (< cyx"v, pour in, infuse, <
an infusion but in larger parts: said of the field.
+ + encla'Vement (P. pron. on-klav'mon), n. [< F.
iv, in, x^'") pour: see chyme^), -ous.'] In-
fused; distended by infusion: an epithet ap-
enclavement (= It. inchiavamento),\ enclaver,
inclose: see enclave and -ment.] The state or
plied to glandular epithelial cells.
condition of being an enclave, or surroimded
endnctore (en-singk'tur), V. t.; pret. and pp.
tncinctured, ppr. cncincturing. [< ew-l + cinc-
by an alien territory. Wor. Supp.
ture. Cf .enceinte.'] To surround -with or as with encleart, ». t. [< en-i +
clear.] To make clear;
[NL. lighten up brighten.
;
a cincture, girdle, or band; bind about.
i__i._„ r«..
endncture „:
(en-singk'tur), —
1,'*,-,.\ «
n [<.eneineture,v.'] While light of lightnings flash
Did pitchy clouds encleare.
A cincture or girdle. Sir P. Sidney, Ps. IxxxvU.
Fancy, free,
.
. .

Hath reached the eneinctare of that gloomy sea enclinet, "• An

obsolete form of incline.
farrimin. Also spelled fncAeJM. Whose waves the Orphean lyre forbade to meet enclisis (en'kli-sis), n. [< Gr. iyKhai;, inclina-
enchequert, a. t. See eneheeker. Wordtworth, Source of the Danube. In Gr.
In conflict tion, < iynXivetv, incline: see incline.]
enchdre (on-shSr'), n. [P. en- endnderedt (en-sin'd6rd), a. [< en-^ cinder; and Lat. gram., pronunciation as an enclitic; +
eherc, OF. enchiere (ML. reflex ^'"*''/,^'ii:°""'*' suggested prob. by encinerate.'] Burned to cin- attachment of a word in pronunciation to the
incheria), auction, auctioning, previous word, to which it transfers its accent:
ders. Cockeram.
< endurir P. enchMr,< ML. incariare, bid for
a thing at auctaon, < L. .», in, earvg, dear,
precious.] In /Veucn iaic, an auction ; sale by
+
"*^~*"'' (en-s6'no),
' .. '-
n.
-
_
^
endieratOt7e"n-sin'e-rat), v. t. See incinerate. opposed to orthotonesis. Also called inclination.
[Mex.]_ In California, See enclitic, n.
the coast live-oak, Quereus agrifolia. It is a
•-

Retaining the convenient terms orthotonesis and en-

auction,
large evergreen tree, with hard, heavy wood, clisis to designate this alternating accent.
enchesonf, encheasont, ». [ME. enchesim, en- but of little value except for fuel. Amer. Jour. Philol., VI. 218.
, , I- -i i_,
c/ie-»«, niclu„o,in, .iirlicr aJtcheson,anchei8on,
^j^^.^YiBX (en-si'ffer), r. t. [< en-1 +
cipher.] enclitic (en-klit'ik), a. and n. [= F. miclitique ;
anche^.,un anc/.ewou/i later often abbr. c^son, j, ^^^ j^{^ ^. ^^g^ He^ encypher. j^^
< LL. encliticui, < Gr. eyidiTiKSc, enclitic, lit.
eheitun, chemun (of. It. eagtone); 'with altered _*^ , ' ., ^ ,» . .
r. j
prefix,' prop. (r^e^ OF. achaison, ^^ ''-''*'' »™'^«'"j:!rr^%^\.X"., Hi" n3
««U>«»
aclioison, achesen,yar.ot ochoison,ocoison, etc., , - i.,^ r-ui ,
(on se-razh ). [F. en, in; cirage,
=
= Pr. tcaieo. oehaiM, aekaizo It. eagione, also en cirageblacking, Leaning on or against something else.
oceasione, ( L
oeca»io(n.), occasion, cause: see waxing, < cirer, wax:
wa: see cere.] In a. 1.
appearing to be waxed [Rare.]
occamon. Archaic Spenser.] Cause; rea- the manner of waxing ;
m
son; occasion. an epithet applied to a monochrome picture in The barrel . . . stood in alittle shed or enditical pent-
house. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, ii. 7.
What Is the tnehetaun various «ha<fes of yellow. See camaieu.
And fhul cause of wo that ye endure? encircle (en-s6r'kl), v. t. ; pret. and pp. encircled, Specifically —
2. In gram., subjoined and ac-
Chaueer, Trolliu, i. 681. ppr. encircling. [Also incircle, formerly also centually dependent : said of a word or particle
Frandis, be noght alTerde afore, incercle, incireule; < en-l + circle.] 1. To form which in regard to accent forms a part of a
I schall {on ssjre eneketon why. York Plays, p. 191. a circle round; inclose or surround circularly; preceding word and is treated as if one with
"Certes," said he, " well mote
I shame to tell embrace as in a ring or circle; gird: as, lumi- it, or gives up its separate, accent, sometimes
The fond siieAauon that me hither led."
Spenser, P. Q., U. L 30.
nous rings encircle Saturn. affecting that of its predecessor. 3. In obstet., —
See Then let them all encircle him about opposea to synclitic (which see).
enchestf, i; t. inchest.
Shak., M. W. of W., It. 4.
enchiridion pi. eneMritUoni,
(en-ki-rid'i-on), n. n. n. In gram., a word accentually con-
enchiridia {-our., -&).
;
[LL., < Gr. tyxetpi^'ov,
Young Hermes next, a close contriving Ood, nected with a preceding word, as que (and) in
Her browes encircled with his serpent rod. Latin: anna virumque, arms and the man.
a handbook, manual, neut. of tyxcip'OUK, in the Then plots and fair excuses fill'd her brain. -ah] +
hand, < tv, in, + x^'P, the hand.] book to be A Parnell, Hesiod, Rise of Woman. enclitical (en-klit'i-kal), a. [< enclitic
carried in the hand; a manual; a handbook.
Same as enclitic.
2. To encompass surround ; environ as, the
; :
enclitically (en-klit'i-kal-i), adv. In an en-
[Rare.] —
army encircled the city. 3. To move about in clitic manner; by throwing the accent back.
We
have .thought good to publish an edition in a
. . a circular direction ; make the circuit of. enclitics (en-klit'iks), n. [PI. of enclitic (see
mailer volume, that as an enchiridion It may be more Towards the South and Southwest of this Cape is found
ready and uiefull. Evelyn, Calendarium Hortense, Int. -ics), with reference to Gr. lyK?.taic, inclination,
a lonK and dangerous shoule of rocks and sand, l)ut so farre The art of
the mode of a verb: see enclisii.]
Enchiridions of meditation all divine. as I ineercled it, I found thirty fatlioine water and a strong
currant C<»J>C. John Smith, True ITavels, II. 194.
inflecting words. [Rare.]
Thoreau, Letters, p. a).
 ; ; :

endog 1914 encounter

enclogt (en-klog'). ^- t. [< fn-1 + clog.^ To 1. a.Bestowing praise commendatory lauda- Encope (en'ko-pe), n. [NL., < Gr. iyKo-Kri, an in-
; ;

clog or encumber. tory eulogistic as, an encomiastic address or cision, a hindrance, < cyKdirreiv, make incisions,
; :

Teiiipesta themselves, high seas, and howling winds, discourse. hinder, < h, in, -I-
The gutter 'd ix>c)cs, and congregated sands,
Traitors ensteep'd to endog the guiltless lieel.
To frame some encomiastic speech upon this our me- Kdnreiv, cut.] A
tropolis. B. Jomon, Cynthia's Revels, i. 1. genus of irregular
Shak., Othello, ii. 1.
Botli [epitaphs] are encomiastic, and describe the cliar- clypeastroid sea-
encloister (en-klois't^r), F. t. [Formerly also acter and work of the deceased with considerable fullness
incloister; < OF. "encloistrer, enclostrer (cf. en- urchins, of the fam-
and beauty of expression. Encyc. Brit,, VIII. 495.
ily Mellitidce. It Is
doistre, enclostre, n., an inelosure, cloister) (F.
Il.t ". An encomium. notable for the massive-
encMtrer = Pi. cnclostrar=Sp. Pg. eitclatistrar ness of the calcareous
thank you. Master Compass, for your short Encomias-
= It. iiiclaustrare), < en-, in, + cloistrer, inclose, tic.
I
B. Jonaon, Magnetick Lady, i. 1. test, and lias a large lu-
< eloistre, an inelosure, cloister: see cloister.'] nule between the poste-
To confine in a cloister; cloister; immvire. encomiastical (en-ko-mi-as'ti-kal), a. Same rior ambtllacra, in addi-
as encoDiia.itic. tion to five incisions op-
Those that sprung posite the ambulacra,
From Ponda, that great king of Mercia holy Tweed, ;
encomiastically (en-ko-mi-as'ti-kal-i), adv. In as in E. cmarginata.
And Kinisdred, with these their sisters, Kinisweed, an encomiastic manner. The mass of the test is
And Eadburg, last, not least, at Oodmanchester all have not spoken of your majesty encomiaetically,
If I greatest in E. grandis,
Endouter'd. Drayton, Polyolbion, xxlx. your majesty will be pleased only to ascribe it to the law a species of the west Encope emarginata.
of an history. Baeoti, To the King, letter 84. coast of Mexico.
enclose, encloser, etc. See inclose, etc.
enclothe (en-klofH'), pret. and pp. encomiologic (en-ko-mi-o-loj'ik),
en COQUille (on ko-kely')- [F. : en, in; co-
v. t.\ en- a. [< LL. en-
shell, cockle: see cockle^.]
clothed, ppr. enelothing. [< e»-l + clother\ To comiologicus, < Gr. 'eynufiio^MyiKdi (as a noun in
qiiille,
making,
In dress-
etc., arranged in the shape of a scallop-
clothe. Westminster Bev. neut., eyKU/iioXoyiKov, sc. iihpov), < cyKtjfuov, a
shell ; scalloped ; imbricated : said of knots or
enclond (en-kloud'), t>. (. [< e»-l + cloudi^, t'.] laudatory ode, -I- -?Myiii6(, < -?Myla, < Tieyeiv,
rosettes of ribbons, trimmings, and the like.
To cover with clouds; becloud; shade. speak : see -ology.] In anc. pros., noting a com-
The heavens on everie side enclowded bee, pound or episyiithetic verse, consisting of a dac- encore (on-kor'), adv. [F., < OF. encore Pr. =
Spenser, tr. of Virgil s Gnat, 1. 671. tylicpenthemim (-^ w w -c w v^ ^) followed
encara, enqucra =
OSp. encara =
It. ancora,
|
again, once more, < L. (in) hanc horam, lit. (to)
|

In their thick breaths, by an iambic penthemim (» -^ |

-- x |
o). some- this hour: lianc, aec. fem. of hie, this; horam,
Rank of gross diet, shall we be enelouded. times the term is used in a wider sense to include both
Shak., A. and C, v. 2. this meter and a similar meter with a longer iambic colon, aec. of hora, > ult. E. hour.] Again once ;

enclowt, encloyt, v. See accloy. commonly called the elegiambus. more : used in calling for a repetition of a par-
encoach (en-kooh'), v. t. [< e»-i + coach.'] To encomiont (en-ko'mi-on), n. Same as encomium. ticular part in a theatrical or musical perform-
carry in a coach. [Rare.] encomium (en-ko'mi-um), n. [Formerly also ance. This use is unknown to the French, who employ
Like Phaeton . . eticoached in burnished gold.
eiicomion (and encomy, q. v.); F. Sp. Pg. It. = the word 6m (twice, a second time) for the same purpose.
.

Dames, Wittes Pilgrimage, sig. i. 3.

encomio, < L. encomium, "encomion, < Gv.eyKiJ- encore (on-kor'), n. [< encore, adv.] 1. caU A
ftiov, a laudatory ode to a conqueror, a eulogy by an audience for a repetition of some part of
en COenr (on k^r).
(cord-) =
[F. : en, in; cceur.i L. cor
E. heart: see coreK] 1. In heart-
or panegjTie on a living person, neut. of eyKo- a performance. 2. — A
repeated performance;
shape ; heart-shaped hence, V- shaped, or with fuo(, belonging to the praise or reward of a con- a repetition in or as if in response to a recall
;
queror, prop, to the Bacchic revel, in which the as, the conductor refused to give any encores.
a sharp point downward: a phrase used in
victor was led home in procession with music, It was evident he felt this device to be worth an encore:
dressmaking and the like, applied especially
dancing, and merriment, < h, in, + Ka/io(, a he repeated it more than once.
to the bodice of a dress of which the neck is so
—
shaped. 2. In her. See coeur.
revel see Comus, comedy.]
: Formal praise Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, xv.
laudation a discriminating expression of ap- encore (on-kor'), v. t.; pret. and pp. encored,
encoffin (en-kofin), v. t. [< en-1 + coffin.] To ;

proval, either of a person or of a thing.

put or inclose in a coffin. ppr. encoring. [< encore, adv.] To call for a
His first Encomium is that the Sun looks not upon a repetition of (a particular part of an entertain-
His body rested here in quietness until the dissolution,
braver, nobler convocation then is that of King, Peers, ment).
when, for the gain of the lead in which it was encojined,
it was taken up and thrown into the next water.
and Commons. Milton, Apology for Smectymnuus. Dolly, in her master's shop,
Weecer, Ancient Funeral ilonuments. It is strange
the galley-slave should praise Eitcores them, as she twirls her mop.
His oar or strokes ; or you, that have made shipwreck W. Whitehead, Apology for Laureate.
encoignure (P. pron. on-kwo-nyUr'), n. [F., OF. Of all delight upon this rock call'd Marriage,
also encognure, comer, corner-piece, < OF. en- Should sing encomions on 't. encorporet, "• t. [ME. encorporen, encorperen,
coignier, place in a comer, < en, in, + coin, cor- Beau, and Fl., Honest Man's Fortune, iii. 1. < OF. encorporar, < L. incorporare, embody, in-
ner: see coi»i, coign.] piece of furniture A Tush, thou wilt sing encomions of my praise.
corporate: Bee incorporate.] To incorporate.
made to occupy the corner of a room, especially Chapman, Bussy d'Ambois, i. 1. Putte the element of watir, that is to seye .iiij. lb of
an ornamental piece, as a cabinet, 6tag^re, or '=Syn. Panegyric, etc. Hee eulogy. watir vpon j lb af mater and putte by .vij. dales to encor-
pere wel as tofore in the bath of marien.
the like. encommont (en-kom'on), V. t. [< en-1 -I- com-
Book of Quinte Essence (ed. Furnivall), p. 13.
encoUar (en-korar), v. t. [< en-i + collar.] To mon.] To make common.
surround with a collar. Boothroyd. That their mysteries might not come to be encommoned
And eek cf our materes encorporing.
Chaucer, Canon's Yeoman's Tale (ed. Skeat), G. ,815.
encolor, encolour (en-kul'or), v. t. [< e»-i -l- by the vulgar. Feltham, Resolves.
color, colour. Cf. OF. encdtorer, encolourer, en- encompass (en-kum'pas), V. [Formerly also encorret, «• A Middle English form of incur.
t.

couleurer, color.] To
Mrs. Browning.
encolpion, encolpium (en-kol'pi-on, -um), ».
pi. encolpia (-a). [LGr. cyaahnov, prop. neut. of
cyK6\Tno^,on tte bosom, < £i',in, -I- /cd/lffof, bosom,
lap.] 1. In the early and medieval church, a
small reliquary or a casket containing a minia-
ture copy of the Gospels, worn hanging in front
of the breast an amulet : often in the shape of
; Spenser, Heavenly Beautie.
a cross. Hence —
2. In the medieval church
and in the present Greek Church, a bishop's
color or invest with color. incompass; < en-^ -{- compass.] 1. To form a encoubert (en-ko'bert), n. [Appar. a F. form
circle about encircle. ;
of Sp. encubierto =
Pg. encoberto, pp. of Sp. Pg.
encobrir, Sp. also encubrir, cover, conceal, < en-
Look, how my ring eneompassetk thy finger.
Shak., Rich. III., i. 2.
+ Sp. cobrir, cubrir =
Pg. cobrir, cover: see
2. To environ; inclose; surround; shut in: as,
cover'^.] A typical armadillo of the family Da-
and subfamily Dasypodinw (which sypodidee
the besieging army encompassed Jerusalem.
such as the peludo, Dasypus villosus. Thesee),
With the great glorie of that wondrous light term has had a more extensive application.
His throne is all encompassed around.
See cut under armadillo.
Canutus before the Death of K. Ethelred had besieged
en COUChure (on ko-shiir'). [F. : en, in; cou-
chure, < coucher, lie down, couch see coueh^.]
the City, and now with a large Trench encompassed it. :

pectoral cross. Baker, Chronicles, p. 15. In embroidery, made, according to an early

encolure (F. pron. on-ko-liir'), n. [F., the neck We live encompassed by mysteries we are flooded by fashion, with coarse gold thread or spangles
;

and shoulders, OF. encolure, encoleure, a neck influences of awe, tenderness, and sympathy which no sewed in rows one beside another.
words can adequately express, no theories thoroughly ex- encounter (en-koun'ter), V. [Formerly also in-
of land, an isthmus (cf. encoler, put on the plain. G. H. Lewes, Probs. of Life and Mind, 223.
neck, embrace), < en (< L. in), in, on, -f col, <
I. i. §
counter; < ME. encountren, < OF. encontrer, en-
L. coHuHi, the neck : see collar.] 1. The neck
3. To go or sail round : as, Drake encompassed cuntrer =
Pt. Sp. Pg. encontrar =
It incontrare,
and shoulders, as of a horse. the globe. —
4t. To get into one's toils; get meet, come against, < L. in, in, to, + contra,
round ; gain power over. against see counter'^, counter^, and cf rencoun-
Hair in heaps lay heavily : .

Over a pale brow spirit-pure. Ah ha Mistress Ford and Mistress Page, have I en-
! ! ter, v.] I. trans. \. To come upon or against;
Carved like the heart of the coal-black tree, compassed you? Shak., M. W. of W., ii. 2. meet with especially, to meet casually, unex-
;
Crisped like a war-steed's encolure. To compass
5. or bring about ; accomplish. pectedly, reluctantly, or the like.
Browning, Statue and Bust.
[Rare.] If I must die,
2. The opening at the neck of a dress, and also Whatever the method employed for encompassiTig his I will encounter darkness as a bride.
that at the armhole to receive the top of the death, or wherever he may be found, the tiger proves him- Shak., M. for M., ilL 1.
sleeve. Diet, of Needlework. self a splendid beast. When we came near any of these [Tonquin] Villages, we
encombert, ". t. An obsolete form of encumber. P. Robinson, Under the Sun, p. 201. were commonly encountered with Beggars.
encombermentt, n. See encumberment. =S3m. 2. To gird, invest, hem in, shut up. Dampier, Voyages, II. i. 14.

encomiast (en-ko'mi-ast), n. [= F. encomi- encompassment (en-kum'pas-ment), n. [< en- If it became him

[the saint] to encounter the pain of
aste = Sp. encomiagta = It. encomiaste, < Gr. compass + -ment.] 1. The act of encompass- be " acquainted with grief," it behooved
sacrifice and to

iyKufuaaTT)^, < cyiuj/iiaieiv, praise, < eyK^uiov, an ing, or the state of being encompassed. 2. Cir- — him also to triumph over both.
J. K. Seeley, Nat. Religion, p. 97.
ode of praise, eulogy see encomium.] One who cumlocution in speaking periphrasis. [Rare.]
: ;

praises another; one who utters or writes enco- And finding.

2. To meet antagonistically engage in conflict
;

miums or commendations ; a panegyrist. By encompassment and drift of question,

this of any kind with ; contend with make an at-
;

That they do know my son, come you more nearer tack upon.
The Jeaaits [are] the great ejicomiasts of the Chi-
. . . Than your particular demands will touch it.
neaes. Locke, Human Understanding, i. 4, There are miseas biggeasourcountrey dogs, and there-
Shak., Hamlet, ii. 1.
fore they are hunted with dogs, because cats are not able
In his writings he appears a servile e-namtiast.
Goldvmith, Voltaire.
encomyt, n. [< L. encomium: see encomium.] to incounter them. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 55.
Same as encomium. And as we find our passions do rebel.
encomiastic (en-ko-mi-as'tik), a. and re. [= Sp.
Many popish parasites and menideasing flatterers have Encounter them with reason.
encomidstico =
Pg. It. encomiastieo, < Gr. ey- written large commendations and encomies of those. B. Jonson, Volpoue, ill 2.
tu/uaaTM6{, < eyno/udietv, praise see encomiast.] ; Bp. Bate, Select Works, p. 7. 3t. To oppose ; oppugn.
 ! : ;

encounter 1D16 encroach

Nothing is so vnpleasaut tu a man, as to be eneountred The occupation dearest to his heart encreaseti "• An obsolete form of increase.
in his chiefe affection.
Was to encourage goodness.
encrest, «• An obsolete variant of increase,
Putlenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 226. Cowper, Task, IL 709.
Chaucer.
Whatever meant by Chriafs yoke being easy, Christ
Jurors are not bound to believe two witnesses, if the is
encrestet.' V. An obsolete form of increase.
nrobabUity of the fact does reasonably encounter them. does not encourage sin
•^
Sir M. Uale. J. H. yeurman. Parochial Sermons, i. 101. Not doubting but, if the same may be contynued
emonges theym, they shall so therby be encrested in
4t. To befall ; betide.
3t. To make stronger. welth, that they wold not gladly be pulled therefro.
Good time eiujounter her Shak., W. T., ii. 1. State Papers^ iii. 269.
Erasmus had his Lagena or flagon of wine (recruited
=STn. 2. To confront, struggle with, contend against. weekly from his friends at London), which he drank some-
times smgly by itselfe, and sometimes encouraged his
oncrimSOn (en-krim'zn), V. t. [<
" „ i "r" „„i,„
e»-l + crirn^
n. intram. 1. To meet come together; come ;
faint Ale with the mixtire thereof. «ow.] ,„jj„„
„.,;„„„„. redden.
To make cnmson ;

into contact or collision. Fuller, Hist. Cambridge, V. 48.

l,^); here what tributes wounded fancies sent me,
Ipon that were my thoughU tW^K^he^n Of paled pearls, and rubies red as blood
*" ^^^^1 enCOUragemcnt (en-kur'aj-ment), n. [Pormer-
Figuring that they their passions likewise lent me.
ly also incouragement, in'coragement ; < OF. en- Of grief and blushes, aptly understood
More than once eorapement, encouragement, F. encouragement In bloodless white and the encrims&n'd mood.
Full met their stem encountering glance. Shak., Lover's Complaint, 1. 201.
Scott, Marmion, iii. 5. (= It. incoraggiamento, incoraggimento), < en-

come to- coragier, encourager, encourage: see encourage encrinal (en'kri-nal), o. [< encrin(ite) -al.] +
2. To meet in opposition or conflict ;
and -ment.'] 1. The act of encouraging, or of Pertaining to an eiiicrinite or encrinites relat- ;

gether in combat contend fight. ; ;

giving courage or confidence of success; in- ing to or containing fossil crinoids belonging ;

I prophesy thy death, my

living sorrow, citement to action or to perseverance ; a pro- to extinct forms of the order Crinoidea (which
If thou encounter with the boar to-morrow.
Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 672.
moting or advancing. see).

[Formerly also Somewhile with merry purpose, fit to please, encrinic (en-krin'ik), a. [< encrin(ite) + -ic]
encounter (en-koun'tfer), n. And otherwhile with good encouragement. Same as encrinal.
incounter; < ME. encontre (rare), < OF. encontre, Spen^r, F. Q., VI v. 32.
Encrinida (en-krin'i-de), n. pi. [Nl.., < Eneri-
F. encontre =
Pr. encontre Sp. encuentro := = For when he dies, farewell all honour, bounty. nus + -idm.'] The former name of a family
Pg. encontro =
It. incontro, a meeting; from All generous encouragement of arts. Otway, Orphan. of crinoids which contained the permanently
the verb. Cf. rencounter, n.l 1. meeting, A As a general rule. Providence seldom vouchsafes to mor- stalked forms, rooted during life. Nearly all the
particularly a sudden or accidental meeting, of tals any more than just that degree of encouragement fossilforms, the stone-lilies or encrinites, are of this char-
two or more persons or bodies of any kind ; a which suffices to keep them at a reasonably full exertion acter. But the family was also represented by several liv-
of their powers. Hawthorne, Seven Gables, iii. ing genera, or sea-lilies, as distinguished from the free
coming together or in contact. feather-stars. It is now divided into numerous families.
To shun th' encounter of the vulgar crowd. Pope. 2. That which serves to excite courage or con- As now used by some authors, the family is restricted to
an encouraging fact or circumstance; fistulatous crinoids with a dicyclic base, basal plates with
Specifically —
2. In physics, the coming within
fidence ;

an incentive or inducement ; that which serves well-developed axial canal, brachials of two pieces, and
the sphere of one another's action of the rapidly to promote or advance.
generally without
anal plates. They
moving molecules of a gaseous body. The word Fig. I.
lived chiefly in
is so used by some writers in order to avoid
eoUition, What encouragement Is there to venture an acquaintance
the Triassic seas.
which might be understood to imply impact The mole- with the rash and unstable!
See Crinoidea.
cnlM of gases move in nearly rectilinear paths, until they Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. xxUi.
come so close to one another that they are suddenly de- encrinital
To think of his paternal care
flected. This very brief mutual action is the encounter. Is a most sweet encouragement to prayer. (en'kri-ni-tal),
See^iu. BvTom, On the Lord's Prayer. a. [< encrinite
When the distance between any two molecules U so ._„„„___„
enCOUrager ,^„ v,,-'s4 a-\ n,
(en-ktU-^J-er), „ One who encou- + -al.'\ Same
maU that they are capable of exerting sensible forces ^ as encrinal.
or stimulates to action ; one who
-"'
-- -incites, '"
upon one another, there will be said to be an encounter rages,
encrinite (en'-
between thenu promotes or advances.
//. W. Watton, Kinetic Theory of Oases, p. 27. kri-nit),». [=
He IPlato] would have women follow the camp, to be F. encrinite, <
8. A meeting in opposition or conflict of any spectators and encouragerg of noble actions.
Burton, Anat. of MeL, p. 529.
Eocrlnite : head and piece of stem c
NL. encrinites,
kind; a conflict; a battle; specifically, a con- left.
< Gr. ec, in, -^
test between individuals or a gmaU number of a, a, parts of the stem i, b, separate joints.
The pupe a qiastw of polite learning, and a great en-
is
;

Kpivov, a iiljr
men, or an accidental meeting and fighting of
detachments.
courager of art*. Addieon.

The extraordinary collections made in every way by the

(see crinoW), + -ifes, E. -ite'^.] Any
noid; a stone-lily: a term especially applied
— fossil cn-

Full jolly knight he seemd, and faire did sitt. late king (of Saxony), who was the greatest encourager of
As oDe for knightly giusts and fierce encounters fltt arts and sciences, and of every thing that is curious. to the ordinarv stalked form with a cylindrical
Spenser, F. Q.. L t- 1- Pocoeke, Description of the East, II. iL 235. stem and well-formed arms. Encrinites compose
vast strata of marble in
Leave this keen enanmter of our wits. encouragingly (en-kur'aj-ing-li), adv. In a and Fig. a.
northern Europe
Shak., Elch. HI., i. 2. maimer to give courage or hope of success. North America. In flg. 2
Who ever knew Truth put to the worse in a free and eucradle (en-kra'dl), v. t. pret. and pp. en- ;
the variety in the figures
open encounter! Milton, Areopagitica, p. 52. cradled, ppr. encrodling, [< en-1 + cradle.'] of the encrinites is caused
by the different sections
4. Manner of enc<>mitering ; mode of accost or To lay in a cradle. represented. See Crinoi-
address ; behavior in intercourse. Beginne from first, where he eneradled was dea. [The words associated
In simple cratch, wrapt in a wad of hay. with encrinite are now ar-
Thus has he onlygotthe tune of the time, and out-
. . .
Spenter, Hymn of Heavenly Love. chaic In zodlogy. In com-
ward lubit of encounter. Shak., Hamlet, r. 2. position encrinite (NL.
• Byn. 8. Encounter, Rencounter, Skirmith, Bruek, col-
encratic (en-krat'ik), a. [< Or. iyicpar^, having encrinitei) is generally
lision, affair. As conflicts in war these are shorter, with power, possession, or control, sell-controlling, < represented by its radical
cv, in, + itparof power, strength, < Kparix, strong,
fewer engaged, and of less im|K)rt«nce, than those com- element (Gr. Kpii/ov), giv-
An
,
ing two parallel series of
pared under battle. etteounter is often an accidental
meeting, resulting in some conflict, hut not suffered to
hard, = E. hard.]
Of or pertaining to self-con- generic words ending in
grow into a general engagement. Rencounter is the same trol and forms of
self-denial, especially in the -cn'nt« and -criniteg.]
ing Encrinites.
thing, expresiwd by • term leas common. A lUrmith is an continence and fasting or abstinence from ani- Encrinites (en-kri-
irregular
- , , contest between parts
or deaoltory . of armies, as mal food. ni'tez),M. [NL.] The prior form of -EMcriniw.
fT »'S!'"^21 EncratiBni(en'kra-tizm),n. l<encrat.ic + -ism.] encrinitic,encrinitical(en-kri-nit'ik, -i-kal),a.
in batUe. A fcrusik taSli'',IS'^h^*^3;if~
rtMrt and sharp.. peHup. niSirinf
> engaging
"^^^ principles of the Encratites especially, [< encrinite + -ic, -ieal.] Same as encHnal. ;
the whole of some force for a time, but not being pushed
into a long or hanl-fought struggle. See etrife. the doctrine that the union of the sexes is es- Encrinoidea (en-kri-noi'de-fi,), n. pi. [NL.] A
encounterer (eii-koun't6r-.*r), n. 1. One who sentiallv evil. group of crinoids. See Crinoidea.
eucouuters; an opponent; an antagonist. 2. Encratite (en'kra-tit), n. — [< LL. EncraUtm, < Encrinuridae (en-kri-nii'ri-de), n. pi. [NL., <
One who goes to an encounter, or seeks encoun- Gr. iyKparirat, pi. of tyKpaxirnK, lit. the self-dis- Encrinurua + -id<B.] family of Silurian tri- A
ters; one who is ready for encounter of any ciplined, continent, < iynpaTrK, self-Kiisciplined, lobites.
kind. , continent, being master, being in possession EncrinurUS (en-kri-nii'rus), n. [NL., < Gr. ev,
O, these encounteren, so glib of tongue. of power, < h, in, + xparof, power, strength.] in, -I- Kf4vov, lily (see encrinite), + ovpd, tail.]
That Kl"e a coasting welcome ere it comes, In the early history of the church, especially The typical genus of the family Encrinuridw.
Anil wide unchup tne table of their thonghts among the Gnostics, one of those ascetics who Ejicrinus (en'kri-nus), n. [NL. (Lamarck,
To every tickling reader Shak., T. and C, iv. 6.
refrained from marriage and from the use of 1816), < Gr. h, in, + Kpivov, lily: see encrinite.]
!

encourage (en-knr'*j), r. *. pret. and pp. en- flesh-meat and wine. They were members of various The name-giving genus of crinoids of the fam-
;

coiirnt)'^. ppr. encouraging. [Formerly also in- heretical sects, although sometimes siwken of as a dis- ily Enerinidce, formerly of wide extent, but
courdge; < OP. eneouramer, encoraigier, encou- tinct body founded by the apologist Tatian, of the second now restricted to a few closely related species.
rager, F. encourager {=s Pr. eneorajar =
Sp. Pg. century- They were aUo called C<mfin«nt».
Also Encrinites.
encorajar = It. incoraggiare, incoraggire), < en, It was the heresy of the Gnostics, that It was no matter „_,_i„_.j /„„ v^or>t''\ n ATR enm^ea,^
T< Ji^. pntmsned-
how men lived, so they did but believe aright: which encrisped (en-knspt ),
a.
in, + courage, courage, heart: see courage, n.
l<.
wicked doctrine Ttttlanns, a learned ChrUtlan, did so de- pp. of *C«criJ*», tl., < en-^ -T cmp.J CUTiea,
and V. Cf. ML. incordari, encourage, inspire, test, that he fell into a quite contrary, and thence formed in curls. [Bare.]
< L. in, in, +
cor(d-) E. heart.] 1. To give = came the sect Eneratitet.
Thai shall have softo encrieped wolle [wool]
courage to; inspire with couraj;e, spirit, or Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1888), n. 812.
And wonderly prolonged atte the fuUe.
firmness of mina; incite to action or perse- encraty (en'kra-ti),n. [< Gr. fyitpdrftti, mastery, Palladiut, Husbondrie (E. B. T. S.), p. 154.
verance ontrol, self-control, < cyKpaHj^, having power, With herU (hairs] encrisped, yalowo as the golde.•
But charge Joshua, and encourai7< him. Dent ilL 28. possession, or control: see encratic] Mastery
" Iton
Skelton,
"
Garland
' •
of Laurel,
• • L 289.

KUig Richard, to encourage his Soldien, made a solemn over the senses; abstinence from pleasures of ^--a-i. fen-kroch'l
(eiLKrocn ;, v.
v in- [Formerly also
encroacn
Speech to them. Baker, Chronicles, p. 23:<. sense; self-control, as exercised in fasting and croach ; < ME. encrochen, < OF. encrochier, en-
The actors liehind the scene, who ascribed this pause continence, especially the latter.
to ills natural timidity, attempted tu encourage him.
crocher, encrocier, encroquier, encroequier (ML.
OoUUmith, Vicar, xix. The martyrs at Lyons, as we have seen, and it may be incrocare), seize upon, take, < en, in, eroe, a +
said the .School of .S. John In general, were distinguished
To help forward promote; give support to hook : see crook, and cf. accroach.] I.t trans.
2. by a nolile moiieration by encraty, or temperance, in the
:

aa, to encourage manufactures.

;

truest sense of the word. Mohan, Church Uistory, p. 101. To seize; take; take possession of; get; obtain.
 ;:
: ;: :

encroach 1916 encyclopedic

He enerocha kenely by craftez of armez encuirassed (en-kwe-r^sf or en-kwe'rast), encurtaint (en-k6r'tan), V. t. [ME. encurtynen,
a. [<
Countrese aud castelles tlmt to thy coroun lan^z. e«-l + -c<P.]
MorU Arlhure (K E. T. S.), 1. 1243.
-I- cuirass In zool., furnished with encortcincn, < OF. eiwortiner, encourtinvr, < en-
Thay ar happ«n also that for her harme wepes,
a structure or outer coat likened to a cuirass, + cortincr, curtain: see e»-l and curtain.] To
For tliay sdial comfort encroche in kythes ful mony. such as is developed by certain infusorians; curtain ; inclose with curtains.
AUUerative Poems (ed. Morris), iii. 18. loricate. And all within in preuy place
n. To
enter, intrude, or trespass
intrans. 1. encumber, incumber (en-, in-kum'b6r), v. t. [< A softe bedde of large space
upon the possessions, jurisdiction, rights, prov- ME. "encumbrcD, cncomhrcn, < OF. encombrer, Thei hadde made, and encorteined [var. encurtyned],

ince, domain, or limits of some other person encumbrcr (= Pr. eticombrar = It. ingombrare), Gou'er, Conf. Amant., I.

or tiling ; infringe upon or restrict another's < en- -t- combrer, cumber see en-l and cumber.] ency., encyc. Abbreviations of encyclopedia.
:

right in any way ; specifically, in law, to extend 1. To clog or impede with a load, burden, or encyclic, encyclical (en-sik'lik, -li-kal), a. and
one's possession of land so as to transgress the other hindrance; render difficult or laborious n. [= F. cnoyclique = Sp. enciclico = Pg. en-
boundary between it and the rightful posses- in motion or operation embarrass overload ; cyclico = It. enciclico, < NL. encyclicus (after L.
;

sion or enjoyment of another or of the public perplex; obstruct. cyclicus : see cyclic), equiv. to L. encycUos, < Gr.
with on or upon before the object. Into the bestes throte he shal hem caste. ijKVK?.toc, rounded, circular, periodic, general, <
Exclude the encroaching cattle from thy ground.
To sleke hys hunger, and encmnbre hys teth. £v, in, + KVK?.oc, a circle.] I. a. 1. Circular;
Chaucer, Good Women, I. 2006. sent to all members of some circle or class.
Dryden.
Those who are gentle and uncomplaining, too candid
Bncomhre neuere thy conscience for couetyse of Mede In the early church letters sent by members of a council
[gain]. Piers Plowman (C), iii. 51. to all the churches, or by bishops to churches of a particu-
to intrigue, too delicate to encroach, suffer much. lar diocese,were called enct/ctic letters. The term is now
Marg. Fuller, Woman in 19th Cent., p. 61. Though laden, not encumber'd with her spoil.
by the Roman Catholic Church exclusively applied to let-
Cowper, Tirocinium, I. 17.
Among primitive men, individual conflicts for food pass ters on topics of interest to the whole church, addressed
into conflicts between hordes, when, in pursuit of food, Knowledge, . . . by the Pope to all the bishops in communion with him.
one encnaches on another's territory. Tillsmooth'd, and squar'd, and fitted to itis place.
U. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., § 448. Does but encumber whom it seems f enrich. An imperial encyclic letter branded with an anathema
Cowper, Task, vi. 95.
the whole proceedings at Chalcedon, and the letter of Pope
2. Figuratively, to intrude gradually ; lay hold, Leo, as tainted with Nestoriaiusm.
as if by stealth or irresistible power: with on
Specifically —
2. To place (property) under a Milman, Latin Christianity, iii. 1.
or upon before the object: as, old age is en- charge or servitude load with debt or liability
;
The Encyclic Epistle commences with the duty of pre-
as, to encumber an estate with mortgages, or serving the faith pure and undefiled as it was at first.
croaching upon me.
with a widow's dower an encumbered title. See
;
J. M. Neale, Eastern Church, i. 1194.
Superstition, ... a creeping and encroachirw evil.
Hooker, Eccles. Polity. encumbrance, 3. =Syii. 1. To oppress, overload, hinder, 2. In bot., isomerous, with regular alternation
entangle, handicap, weigh down. of parts: applied to flowers in which the pet-
And listened long to the sweet sounds that thrilled
The frosty air, till now the encroaching cold encumbert, ». [< ME. encomber, < OF. encom- als, stamens, etc., are equal in number in each
Recalled her to herself. bre, <e>ico)«6rer, v., encumber: a6& encumber, v.] whorl, alternating with each other.
Bryant, Little People of the Snow. An encumbrance ; a hindrance. If all the whorls have an equal number of parts and are
=Syil. Trench upon, infringe upon, etc. (see trespass, v. i.); Thei spedde her iourneyes that tliei com to the Caatell alternate, it [a flower] is encyclic. Encyc. Brit., IV. 127.
to invade, violate, creep upon. of Charroye with-oute eny encomber, and ther thei made
encroacnt (en-kroch'), «. [< encroach, d.] The of the kynge Bohors grete ioye. II. n. A circular letter.
act of encroaching ; encroachment. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 358. He [Leo XIII.] teaches by encyclicals ; his predecessor
taught by allocutions. The Century, XXXVI. 90.
I cannot imagine that hereticks who errf undamentally, encumberingly, incumberingly (en-, in-kum'-
and by consequence damnably, took the first rise, and be- ber-ing-li), adv. In a manner to encumber or encyclopedia, encyclopaedia (en-si-klo-pe'di-
gan to set up with a fundamental error, but grew into it impede. a), n, [Formerly also encyclopedy, encyclopedic,
by insensible encroaches and gradual insinuations. =
South, Works, IV. ix. encumbermentt, n. [= F. encombrement = Pr. encyclopwdy, < F. encyclopedic Sp. enciclopedia
One who
encombrament = It.ingombramento ; as encum- = Pg. encyclopedia =
It. enciclopedia, < NL. en-
encroacher (en-kr6'ch6r), w. en-
ber +-ment.] The act of encumbering; ob- cyclopcedia, < Gr. cyKVKTiovaiSda (a rare and bar-
croaches ; one who lessens or limits anything, barous form found in L. authors), prop. cyKVK'ktoQ
struction ; interference.
as a right or privilege, by narrowing its boun- TTaidcia, the circle of arts and sciences, the gen-
Into the se of Spayn [they] wer dryuen in a torment
daries.
Among the Sarazins, bot God, that grace thani lent, eral education preceding professional studies
Sir John Mason, Treasurer of the Queen's Chamber, a Saued tham alle tho tymes fro ther encuniberment. iynvKMoQ, in a circle, circular, periodic, gener-
grave and Learued Man, but a great Usurper and En- Bob. of Brunne, tr. of Langtoft's Chron., p. 148.
croacher upon Ecclesiastical Livings. al (see encyclic) ; naidtia, education, < Traidevetv,
The best advizement was, of bad, to let her
educate, bring up a child, < Tralg (tzmd-), child:
Baker, Chronicles, p. 337. Sleepe out her fill without encomberment.
The bold encroachers on the deep Spenser, F. Q., VI. viii. 38.
see pedagogue.] 1. The circle of sciences; a
Gain by degrees huge tracts of land. general system of instruction in several or aU
Swift, Run upon the Bankers, 1720. encumbrance, incumbrance (en-, in-kum'-
brans), n. [<ME. encombrance, encombraunce, departments of knowledge.
encroachingly (en-kro'ching-li), adv. By en-
< Of. encombrance,
< encombrer, encumber: see And therefore, in this encyclopedic and round of know-
croachment. encumber.] 1. The act of encumbering, or the
ledge like the great and exemplary wheels of heaven, we
encroachment (en-kroch 'ment), n. [< OF. must observe two circles.
state of being encumbered. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., To the Reader.
(AF.) encrochment, < encrochi'er, encroach: see
Ther-fore, wyte ye well that this is the encombraunce of Some by this art have become universally learned in a
encroach &nd -ment.'] 1. The act of encroach- the deuell. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), i. 6. far largercompass than the old reputed encyclopedy.
ing or intruding or trespassing an entering on ;
Boyle, Works, VI. 335.
2. That which encumbers, burdens, or clogs
the rights or possessions of another, and tak- To Systematic Theology belongs also formal Encyclo-
anything that impedes action, or renders it dif-
ing possession ; unlawful intrusion in general pcedia, or an exhibition of theology as an organic whole,
ficjilt and laborious an obstruction or impedi-
;
assumption of the rights and privileges of an- showing the relationship of the different parts, and their
other.
ment an embarrassment.
; proper function and aim.
Let none thinke they incountred not with all manner of Schaff, Christ and Christianity, p. 6.
It is the surest policy in princes
To govern well their own than seek encroach-ment
Upon anothers right. Ford, Perkin Warbeck, iii. 4.
incumbrances. Capt. John Smith, True lYavels, II. 214.
Strip from the branching Alps their piny load.
Specifically 2. — A
work in which the various
topics included under several or all branches
The huge encumbrance of horrific wood. Thomson.
But ambitious encroachments of the federal government of knowledge are treated separately, and usu-
on the authority of the state governments would not ex-
cite the opposition of a single state, or of a few states
Specifically —
3. In law, a charge or servitude ally in alphabetical order.
affecting property, which diminishes the value
only. Madison, The Federalist, Ho. xlvi. It [a public library] should be rich in books of refer-
of ownersnip, or may impair its enjoyment, so ence, in encyclopoedias, where one may learn without cost
It will be seen that the system which effectually secured
as to constitute a qualification or diminution of of research what things are generally known. For it is
our liberties against the eiicroachments of kingly power
the rights of ownership. It does not impair owner- far more useful to know these than to know those that are
gave birth to a new class of abuses from which absolute
monarchies are exempt. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., i. ship or power to convey, but implies a burden which will not generally known. Lowell, Books and Libraries.
continue on the property in the hands of the purchaser.
2. The thing taken by encroaching. 3. In a narrower sense, a cyclopedia. See cy-
If a person owns only an undivided share in land, the
share of his cotenant is not designated an encumbrance clopedia, 1.
The general rule is that if the wrongful act is acquiesced
in, the encroachment (i. e., the land added) is considered on his share but if the land is subject to unpaid taxes or
; Abbreviated enc, ency., encyc.
as annexed to the original holding. to a right of way, or if the land or one's share is subject French Encyclopedia (Encyclopedic on Dictionnaire rai-
Rapelje and Latvrence. to a mortgage or a mechanic's lien, it is said to be en- sonne des sciences, etc.), a celebrated I'rench work in 28
cumbered. folio volumes (including 11 volumes of plates), the first
3. Figuratively, the act of intruding gradually
and as if by stealth; approach, seizure, or pro-
4. Afamily charge or care ; especially, a child of whicii appeared in 1751 and the last in 1765. Five vol-
or a family of children : as, a widow without en- umes of supplements were issued in 1776-7, and two vol-
gress : as, the encroachments of disease. umes of index in 1780, the complete work thus consisting
cumbrance or encumbrances. [CoUoq.]— Cove- of 35 volumes folio. The chief editor was Diderot, who
encrownt, "• t. [ME. encrownen, < OF. encoro- nant against encumbrances, a covenant, sometimes was assisted by D'Alembert, and many of the great con-
ner, < e«- -I- coroner, coronner, couronner, crown inserted in conveyances of land, that there are no en- temporary literary men of France (hence called the ency-
see e»-l and crown.] To crown. cumbrances except such as may be specified. Mesne — clopedists) contributed to it. FYom the skeptical charac-
This lawe of amiys was founded on the IX order of
encumbrances. See tnesne. = Sya. 2. Burden, check, ter of many of the articles, the work excited the bitterest
hindrance, drag, weight, dead weight. ecclesiastical enmity, and had no small part in bringing
angellys in heven encrownyd vith precyous stonys of colour
encumbrancer, incumbrancer (en-, in-kum'-
and of vertues dyvers. Also of theym are fyguryed the about the state of public opinion which prepared the way
colours in armys. bran-ser), n. One who holds an encumbrance for the French revolution.
or a legal claim on an estate.
Quoted in Booke of Precedeiux(E. E. T. S., extra ser.), i. 103. encyclopediacal (en-si''klo-pe-di'a-kal), a.
encrownmentf. n. [ME. encorownment, < OF. encumbroust, a. [ME. encombrous, encomber- Same as encyclopedic. [Rare.]
encoronement, < encoroner, crown: see encrown ous, < OF. encombros, cncombrotis, encombrus, < encyclopedian (en-si-klo-pe'di-an), a. and n.
and -ment.] Coronation. enco»!ftre,n., encumber: soe encumber, n.] Cum- I. a. Same as encyclopedic. [Bare.]
Kepede fore encoromnmentcs of kynges enoynttede. brous; tedious; embarrassing; burdensome. H.t n. The circle of sciences or knowledge ;

Mrrrte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), I. 4196. Ful encomberouse is the usynge. the round of learning.
Chaucer, Complaint of Venus, \. 42. Let them have that encyclopadian, all the learning in
encrust, encrustation, etc. See incrust, etc.
What helpp shall he the world, they must keep it to themselves.
encrystalt (en-kris'tal), v. t. [Formerly also Whos sieves encomhrous so syde trayle Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 191.
enchristal; < en-1 +" crystal.] To inclose in Do to his lorde ?
crystal ; surround with or bury in ice. Booke of Precedence (E. E. T. S., extra ser.), i. 107.
encyclopedic, encyclopaedic (en-si-klo-pe'dik
We hear of some enchristal'd, such as have To avoid many encuinbrous arguments, which wit can
or -ped ik), a. [= F. encyclopedique i^ Sp. en-
That, which produc'd their death, become their grave. devise against the truth, I send to your grace the copy of ciclopedico = Pg. encyclopedico = It. enciclopc-
Cartwright, On the Great Frost mine answer. Strype, Cranmer, ii. 3, note. dico, mh. eticyclo2)aidia : see encyclopedia.] 1,
 — ; ; ! :

encyclopedic 1917 end

Pertaining to or of the natuio of an encyclope- ent^stment (en-sist'ment), n. [< encyst + To gain our ends we can do any thing.
dia; relating to all branches of knowledge. -inent.] The process of becoming or the state And
turn our souls into a thousand figures.
Fletcher, Double Marriage, iv. 4.
The range of Dante's study aud acquirement would be of being encysted. Specifically, in Idol. (a) A pro- :
As for the third unity, which is that of action, the an-
encyclopedic in any age. cess whifli goes on in protozoans, by which, the pseudo-
cients meant no other by it than what the logicians do by
Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 7. podia or other prolongations of the body being withdrawn,
their finis, the end or scope of any action that which is
the animal assumes a spherical shape, aud becomes coated ;

We still used, with our multifarious strivings, an ency-
clopedic training, a wide command over the resources of
OOP native tongue. G. P. Marsh, Lects. on Eng. Lang. i.
2. Possessing wide and varied information
specifically, possessing an extensive but frag-
mentary knowledge of facts rather than a com-
prehensive uiulerstaniiing of principles.
encyclopedical, encyclopaedical (en-si-klo-
pe di-kal or -ped'i-kal), a. Same as oneyclope-
die.
Klein's gigantic work [" History of the Drama "J, in its
Inception reminding one of the encyclopedical works of
N. A. Rev., CXXVII. 187.
the middle ages.
with a comparatively tough resisting layer, which thus the first in intention, and last in execution.
forms a cyst. The process is usually preliminary to re- Dryden, Essay on Dram. Poesy.
, production, one of the consequences of encystment being Art is the spirit's volimtary use and combination of
the formation within of spore-masses or plastidules, which things to serve its end. Emerson, Art.
at length escape on rupture of the cyst, and take up an
A life that moves to gracious ends
independent existence. In infusorians three kinds of en- Thro' troops of unrecording friends.
cystment are distinguished, technically called protective, Tennyson, To .
duplicative, and sporular. (6) A similar process occuiTing
8. A
necessary termination or consequence;
in certain fresh-water algte, especially desmids. (c) The
hydatid or encysted stage of fliikes and tapeworms, as an an inevitable issue or conclusion ; especially,
ecMnococcus. See cut under Tcenia. (d) The similar in logic, a result toward which the action of
encysted states of sundry other animals, or their ova, em-
bryos, or larvae.
anything tends, in such a manner that if its at-
tainment in one way is prevented some other
end (end), n. [Early mod. E. also ende (E. dial,
also eend) < ME. ende, eende, < AS. ende OS. = action tending to the same result will be set up,
;

endi =OFries. enda, einde, eind, ein MD. ende, = or so that there is some tendency to such sub-
Aristotle was not only one of the most inqoiring and
eneyeU>p(Kiical, but also one of the most thoroughly sensi- cinde, D. eind, einde =
MLG. LG. ende OHG. = stitution of one means for another.
ble, of all writers. Eticyc. Brit., II. 516. anti, andi, enti, ente, ende, MHG. ente, ende, G. The end of those things is death. Rom. vi. 21.
encyclopedism, encyclopaedism (en-si-klo- ende =Icel. endir, m., endi, neut., Sw. dnde, = Whose ende is good or evill, the same thing is good or
A
pe dizm), n. l<. encyclopedia + -iism.'] 1. That = =
dnda Dan. ende Goth, andeis (with orig. suf- evill.
to defende himself.
sweard is good, because it is good for a raanne
Sir T. Wilson, Rule of Reason.
method of collecting and stating information fix "-yc) =Skt. anta, end, limit, border, vicinity.
There's a divinity that shapes our ends.
which is characteristic of an encyclopedia. From an orig. case-form of this noun were prob. Rough-hew them how we will.
2. That phase of religious skepticism in the developed the prepositions and prefixes in- Shak., Hamlet, v. 2.

eighteenth century of which the French Ency- cluded under and- C>an-^,a-^), ante-, anti-: see 9. In archery, the of arrows shot from number
clopedia was the exponent. See encyclopedia. these.] 1 One of the terminal points or parts
.
one end of the range, before proceeding to
of that which has length, or more length than shoot from the other.
From the divine Founder of Christianity to the withered
Pontid of Encyclopedism, in all times and places, the breadth the part which lies at one of the ex-
;
By the rules of the York Round three arrows to each
Hero haa been worshipped. tremities of a line, or of whatever has longi- archer constitute an end.
Carlyle, Heroes and Hero- Worship, f. tudinal extension : as, the end of a house or of M. aTid W. Thompson, Archery, p. 52.
encyclopedist, encyclopaedist (en-si-klo-pe'- a table; the end of the street; each end of a An end. See art-«?>d.— At loose ends, in disorder;
dist), «. [= ¥. encyclopediste = 8p. encicVape- chain or rope. slack; undisciplined.

dista = Pg. encyclopedista = It. enciclopedista; < The holi man sah the heg engel atte alteres ende.
all at loose eruis.
and worse every day. We are
Tilings are getting worse
S. Judd, Margaret, ii. 7.
encyclopedia + -Mt.] 1. One who is engaged in Old Eng. Homilies (ed. Morris), ii. 145.

the compilation of an encyclopedia. Slowly, easily, gently, softly, negligently, as caring not At one's wit's end, at the end of one's ability to decide
what eride goes forward. Withalt, Diet. (ed. 1608), p. 86. or act in a position whereone does not know what further
;

Donbtleas ft is no great distinction at present to be an to do.

eneuclopadut, which is often but another name for book- I was this morning walking in the gallery, when Sir
Roger entered at the end opposite to me. Astrymyanes also aren at her itrittes ende ;
maker, craftsman, mechuiic, journeyman, in his meanest Of that was calculed of the element the contrarie thei
degeneration. De Quineey^ Herodotus. Steele, Spectator, So. 109.
fynde. Piers Ptowman (B), xv. 364.
Specifically — 2.
In French literature, one of Specifically —
(a) In coal-mimnt;, the extremity of a work-
ing-place, stall, or breast. (6) In epinning, a loose un-
They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man,
till' collaborators in the great Encyclopedia of twisted ribbon of cotton or wool
and are at their vnt's end. Ps. cvii. 27.
; a sliver, (c) The stem
Diderot and D'Alembert (1751-65). The encyclo- of a plant Prov. Eng. J
( Candle's end. See candle-end.— DeaA on end. See
pedists as a body were the chief exponents of the French 2. One
of the extreme or furthermost parts of dead. —
End for end. (o) In reverse position so that ;

skepticism of the eighteenth century ; hence the name
enevdopeditt has been extended to other persons advo-
cating similar opinions. See encyclopedia.
Very rapidly, after the accession of Catherine 11., the
friend of Voltaire and the Stuyelmmdutt, It (French In-
fluence) sank deeper. D. M. WaUaee, Baisia, p. aSD.
The application of these principles to social and political
life,aim ttie attempt to give them popular currency, was
the task undertaken by the so-called EneyelopixditU.
each end occupies the place that the other did before
an extended surface; especially, the part or as, to turn a plank end for end.
limit furthest away from the speaker, or from To shift a fall end for end is to reeve it the opposite
a customary point of view: as, the ends of way, so that the hauling part becomes the standing part.
the earth; the southern end of the Atlantic Hamersley.
ocean ; she is at the end of the garden. (6t) Naut., entirely : said of running ropes, cables, etc,
when entirely run out of the blocks or the hawsehole.^
W
Anhunting for to pleyen him hi the wode's [wood's] ende.
<tl^'St. Kenelm, L 150 (Early Eng. Poems,
(ed. Fumivall).
End man. ^& end-man. — End on. (a) Having the end
pointing directly toward an object specifically applied in
nautical use to a ship when lier head is in a direct line
:

If. ff. T. Skedd, Hist Christian Doctrine, II. m. And now from end to end with an oljject opposed to broadside on.
:

Night's hemisphere had veil'd the horizon round.

we
encyclopedyt (en-si-klo-pe'di), n. Same as en- Milton, P. L., ix. 51.
In higher latitudes look at the [auroral] streamers
cyclopedia. almost end-on. Encyc. Brit., III. 97.
EncyrtidsB (en-s^r'ti-dS), n. pi. [NL.j < Encyr-
3. The point at which continuity or duration (6) In coalmining, at right angles to the cleat, or most
+ ceases or terminates the close or termination distinctly markea set of joint-planes said of a mode of
tiix -Ida:] The
Eneyrtinee as a family of Hy-
;

working a mass of coal : opposed to face on. External

:

—
menoptera. [Not in use.] of a series, or of whatever has continuity or
duration conclusion the opposite of begin-
; :
end, tile effect which it is desired to produce upon some-
Encyrtinae (en-sfer-ti'ne), ». pi. pfL., < En- tiling ditFerent from the subject. Thus, the external end
ning : as, the end of time the end of a contro-
eyrttu +
-tn<c.] A
subfamily of the parasitic
versy or of a book; the end of the year or of
;
of oratory is to persuade, while the internal end is to speak
eloquently.— In the end, at last.
hymenopterous insects of the family ChaloicHda.
the season. The very world, which is the world
And ye schulen be in hate to alle men for ray name, but —
Of all of us, the place where, in the end.
be that lasteth into the eende schaal be saaf. We find our happiness, or not at all
Wyetif, Mark xiU. 13.
Wordsworth, Prelude, xi.
At the md of two months . . . she returned. Latter end, the latter part ; the ultimate end the con- ;

Judges xL 89. clusion chiefly with reference to the end of life.

:

Of the increase of his government and peace there shall that they were wise, . that they would consider. .

be no end. Isa. ix. 7.

their latter end ! Deut. xxxii. 29.
1 will sing it in the latter end of a play, before the duke.
The "Boston Hymn "... Is a rough piece of verse, but
noble from beginning to emf. 0. W. Holmes, Emerson, x. Shak., M. N. D., iv. 1.

The latter end of May is the time when spring begins in

4. Used absolutely, the close of life ; death. the high Alps. J. A. Symonds, Italy and Greece, p. 311.
Hark the perfect man, and behold the upright for the ;
No end. (a) (As noun.] A great deal ; a great but Indefinite
end of that man is peace. Ps. xxxvii. 37. amount or numi>er: as, we had no end of fun ; he spends
Think on thy life and end, and call for mercy. »M) CTui of money. [CoUoq.]
Ford, TU Pity, T. 6. Another intensive of obvious import. They had no end
For few usurpers to the shades descend of tin, i. e. a great deal
, of money. He is 710 end of a fool,
F.neyrtMS (tcUgmyitt. (Craas ihowt natural size.) By a dry death, or with a quiet end. i. the greatest fool possible.
e.,
Dryden, tr. of Juvenal's Satires, x. 179. C. A. Bristed, English University, p. 40.
They are distinguished by a compact form, the absence He now turned his thoughts to his approaching end. (6) [As adverb.) Without end or limit; infinitely; ex-
of pampsiilal uliires, a short marginal vein on the fore tremely. [Colloq.]
PrescotI, Ferd. and Isa., li. 26.
wings, a iliarji occipital ridge, and a large mesotibial spur.
The gnjup contains chiefly species of small size and great 6. A cause of death, destruction, or ruin: as,
He is rich ; and he lo no end obliging.
C. D. Warner, Their Pilgrimage, p. 185.
activity, parasitic in the main iifKin iiark -lice and leplditp- this cough will be the end of me.
terons larvie. tiiough '>ccaiiunaliy infesting other insects. Objective or absolute end, or end in Itself, in Kantian
And award which is the condition of the possibility of
philos., that
EncTTtns (en-s^r'tug), n. [KL. (Latreille, Either of yon to be the other's end. all other ends.— Odds and endq. See odds.— On end
1809), < Gr. iyiwproc, curved, arched, < h, in, -I- Shak., Rich. III., li. 1. (— an end, an-end: see an-end]. (a) Resting or standing
KvprSf, curved. ] A
genus of hymenopterous in- 6. A remnant or portion left over; a fragment: on one end upright as, place the log 011 end.
; :

sects, typical of the subfamily Eneyrtinee. And Katerfelto with his hair on end.
as, candle-en(J8.
encyst (en-sisf ),«'.<. or 1. [< en-l -I- cy«<.] To Thus I clothe my naked villainy
Covrper, Task, iv. 86.
inclose or become inclosed in a cyst or vesicle. With odd old ends, stolen forth of holy writ. (6) In immediate sequence or succession ; continuously.
A different mode of ency$t\ng. ShaJc., Rich. III., i 3. Three times on end she dreamt this dream.
Dt Bary, Fnogi (trans.), p. 442. When Hopkins dies, a thousand lights attend Fair Margaret of Craignargat (Child's Ballads, VIII. 250).
EncTSted tamer, a tumor incloaed The wretch, who living saved a candle's end. He looked out of the window for two hours on end.
in a well-defined
meinhr:i?if;. Pope, Moral Essays, Hi. 293. Dickens.

encystation (en-sis-t&'shon), n. [< encyst + 7. That for which anything exists or is done Principal or chief end, the end or purpose mainly
tended.
in-

-afiort.] H&me aa eneystment. a result designed or intended ; ultimate object

Qu. What is the chief end of man ?_
The Ilclizua propagate by simple division, with or with- or purpose: as, "the end justifies the means."
rify God, and to enjoy him
Ans. Man's chi^ end is to glorif.
out previous eney§UUion. Utudey, Anat Invert., p. 664. The end of the commandment is charity. 1 Tim. i. 5. forever. The Shorter Catechism, ques. 1.
 ! ; ;

end 1918 endearment

Secondary or Buccedaneous end, some
additional ob- end-all (end'&l), n, [< end, v., + obj. all."] neighboring arteries on its way to supply a cap-
ject to be attained.— Subjective or relative end, that
to which some particular mipulse tends.— Subordinate
That which ends all ; conclusion. illary district.
end, that which is aimed at as a means to some further That but this blow Endaspidese (en-das-pid'e-e), n. pi, [NL., <
end.— The better end (itaut.), the inner and little-used Might be the be-all and the end-all here.
Shak., Macbeth,
Gr. evdov. within, +
aaxig (oWTr^d-), a shield
end, as of a cable. Barttett. i. 7.
(scute), 4- -ew.] In Sundevall's system of or-
We rode with two anchors ahead, and the cables veered endalongt, prep, and adv. See endlong. nithological classification, the second cohort
out to th* better end. Dtifoe, Kobinson Crusoe. endamage (en-dam'aj), V. t.; pret. and pp. en- of seutelliplantar oscines, consisting of the neo-
The ends of the earth, in Scrip., the remotest parts of damaged, ppr. endamaging, [Formerly also en- tropical Furnariincej Synallaxina;, and Dendro-
the earth, or the inhal)itjints of those parts. Deut. xxxiii. dammage, indnmagCf eiidomage; < ME. endam- colaptinWj or the South American oven-birds,
17 ; Ps. xcviii. 3.— To bum
the candle at both ends. age n < OF en do m niaaer, endommaigier, F. en dom- piculules or tree-creepers, and their allies.
, .
See caiidU.—lo drink off candles' endst. See can-
dle.— To get the better end of. («) To get the better of. magevy endamage, \ en- + dommager, damage: endaspidean (en-das-pid'e-an), a. [As Enda-
Dacifs. see €«-! and damage.'\ To bring loss or damage spidew + -an,] In ornith.^ Having that modifi-
By all should seem we have rather cheated the
which it to; harm; injure; prejudice. [Obsolescent.]
cation of the seutelliplantar tarsus in which the
devil than he us, and have gotten the better end of him. you bee a good man, rather make mud walls with
Bp. Sanderson, Works, I. 183.
If scutellsB lap around the inner side of the tar-
them, mend high wayes, than thus tliey shuld en-
. . .
sus, but are deficient on the outer side. Distin-
(6) To get the better part of have the advantage in as, ; : dammage mee to my eternall vndooing.
to get the better end o/ a barjrain.— To give one a rope'S Quoted in Dyce's ed. of Greene's Plays, Int., p. xcvi. guished from exaspidean. See seutelliplantar.
end, to give one a beatinj: with the end of a rope.-— To The deceitful! Phisition, which recounteth all thinges endauntf, V. t. [ME. endaunten, < en- daunten, +
have (something) at one's finders* ends, to have it at that may endamage his patient, neuer telling any thing tame, daunt: see en-^ and dau7it.] 1. To tame.
command ; be ready to impart it ; be thoroughly posted that may recure him. Lyly, Euphues, Anat. of Wit, p. 172.
in it He endauntede a douae [dove] day and nyght here fedde.
Nothing is sinne, to count of, but that which endam- Piers Plotinnan (C), xviii. 171.
Ay, sir, I have them [jests] at my fingers' ends. ageth ciuill societie. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 295.
Shak., T. N., i. 3. 2. To respect or stand in fear of.
To make an end. (a) To
to a stop ; do no
finish ; come endamageablet (en-dam'aj-a-bl), a. [< en- endauntnret, n. [ME. ; < endaunt + -ure.] A
more : used absolutely, or with of before the thing con- damage + -able.'] Capable of being damaged taming.
cerned. or injured. end-bulb (end'bulb), n. In anat. &nd physiol.j
Believe 't, my lord and I have made a» end ; endamagementt (en-dam'aj-ment), «. [= F. one of the bulbous end-organs or functional
I have no more to reckon, he to spend. endommagement ; as endamage + -ment.'] The terminations of sensory nerves.
Shak., T. of A., iU. 4.
act of endamaging, or the state of being endam- end-dayt, n. [ME. ende day, endedai, endedeie,
How dull it is to pause, to
end, make an
aged; loss; injury.
To ruat unburnish'd, not to shine in use < AS. endedwg (= MHG. endetac), < ende, end,
Ten7iygon, Ulysses. These flags of France, that are advanced here
Before
+ dceg, day.] The day of one's end; the day
the eye and prospect of your town,
(6) To bring about the end ; effect the termination or con-
Have hither march'd to your eridamagemeni. or time of one's death.
clusion : with of.
Shak., K. John, ii. 1. And sithe at his ende-day he was buried there.
There was noe other way but to make that shorteend of
them which was made. Spenser, State of Ireland. endamnifytt ^J. t* [< en-^ + damnify.'] To dam- Robert of Gloucester, App.

I will make an end of my dinner there's pippins and

age. endear (en-der'), v. t. [Formerly also indear;
cheese to come. Shak., M. W. of W., i. 2.
;

Those who hired the fishing of that lake adjoining were < c/i-l +
dear^.] 1. To make dear in feeling;
endamnified much by the violent breaking in of the seas. render valued or beloved ; attach ; bind by ties
To make both ends meet, to make one's income and ex- Sandys, Travailes, p. 276.
penditure balance each other; keep within one's means. of affection.
Worldly wealth he cared not for, desiring onely to make endanger (en-dan'jer), v. t. [Formerly also in- And thou, to be endeared to aking.
both ends meet; and as for that little that lapped over, he danger; < ew-l danger.] +
1. To bring into Made it no conscience to destroy a prince.
gave it to pious uses. Fuller, Worthies, Cumberland. danger or peril; expose to loss or injury. Shak., K. John, Iv. 2.
The other impecunious person contrived to m^ke both What Necessity should move us, moat valiant Prince, I . sought by all means, therefore.
. .

ends meet by shifting his lodgings from time to time. for obtaining of a Title to endanger our Lives? How to endear, and hold thee to me firmest.
W. Black. Baker, Chronicles, p. 15. Milton, S. A., I 796.
To put an end to, to finish ; terminate as, to put an end :
Every one hath a natural dread of everything that can He lived to repent and later services did endear his
;

to one's sufferings.
endanger his happiness. Tillotson. name to the Commonwealth. W. Phillips, Speeches, p. 337
The revolution put an end to the long contest . . . be-
By an act of unjust legislation, extending our power Rafflesia possesses many other sterling qualities far
tween the King and the Parliament. over Texas, we have endangered peace with Mexico. more calculated than simple bigness to endear it to a lai^e
Macaulay, Sir William Temple. Sumner, Orations, I. 8.
and varied circle of insect acquaintances.
Sweet is death, who puts an end to pain. Pop. Sd. Mo., XXVI. 177.
Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the
Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine. To engage by attractive qualities; win by
Southern States that by the accession of a Republican 2t.
To the bitter end. See bitteri.— To the end of the Administration their property and their peace and per- endearment.
chapter. See chapter.— To the end (that), in order sonal security are to be endaiiqered.
(that). Lincoln, in Raymond, p. 112.
The expenses of his funeral, forty pounds, were directed
to be paid from the public Treasury, "as a testimonial of
schewe how gee schulle knowe and preve to the
I schalle
2t. To put within the danger (of) ; bring with- the Colony's endeared love and aflfection to him."
endethatz^e schulle not been disceyved. MandevUle, p. 51. Plymouth Colony Records, in Appendix to New England's
in the power (of).
Confess them [our sins] to the end that we may ob-
. . , (Memorial, p. 467.
tain forgiveness of the same.
Another giveth the king counsel to endanger unto his
Book of Common Prayer, Exhortation to Confession of Sins. grace the judges of the realm, that he may ever have them 3t. To make dear or costly; raise the price of.
on-his side, and that they may, in every matter, dispute
=Syn. See extremity. Whereas, the excesse of newe buildings and erections
and reason for the king's right.
ME. enden^ AS. endian, hath daily more encreased, and is still like to do so;
6nd (end), v. [< endieUy < Sir T. More, Utopia (tr. by Robinson), i.
whereby and by the immoderate confiuence of people
usually geendian OS, endioriy endon = OFries. = 3t. To incur the hazard of; cause or run the thither, our said city [London] and the places adjoyning,
endia, enda^ einda X>, einden =
OHG. enteon, = risk of. are, and daily will be, more and more pestred, all victuals
enton, MHG. G. enden Icel. enda Sw. dnda = = He that turneth the humours back, and maketh the
and other provisions endeared, &c.
King James's Procl. cone. Buildings (IQIS), Eym. Feed.,
= Dan. end€j end from the noun.] I, trans, ; wound bleed inwards, endangereth malign ulcers and per-
[i. 107.
1. To bring to an end or a close make an end nicious imposthumations.
of terminate : as, to end a controversy ; to end
;
;
Bacon, Seditions and Troubles (ed. 1887). endearancef (en-der' ans), n. [< endear +
Mr. Pincheon offered his assistance, but wrote to the -ance.] Affection. Davies.
a war.
governour . that it would endanger a war.
. .
But my person and figure you'll best understand
On the seventh day God ended his work. Gen, ii. 2. Winthrop, Hist. New England, II. 397. From the picture I've sent by an eminent hand.
Let death, which we expect, and cannot fly from, Albeit I must confesse to be half in doubt whether I Show it young Lady Betty, by way of endearance,
End all contention.
should bring it forth or no, it being so contrary to the And to give her a spice of my mien and appearance.
Fletcher (and another), Sea Voyage, v. 2.
C. Anstey, New Bath Guide,
eye of the world, and the world so potent in most men's i.
Specifically — 2. To bring the life of to an end hearts, that I shall endanger either not to be regarded, or
not to be imderstood. Milton, Church-Government, ii. 1.
endearedly (en-der' ed-li), adv. Affectionate-
kul ; destroy put to death.
; ly; dearly. Imp. Diet.
The Lord of Stafford dear to-day hath bought = Syn. To hazard, risk, peril, imperil, jeopard.
1.
endearedness (en-der'ed-nes), n. The state of
Thy likeness for, instead of thee, King Harry,
;
endangerment (en-dan'jer-ment), n. [< en-
being endeared. More.
This sword hath ended him. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., v. 3. danger -ment.]+ The act of endangeringj or
endearing (en-der'ing), p. a. [Formerly also
Why should I, beastlike as I find myself, the state of being endangered danger.
Kot manlike end myself? our privilege — — He was forced to withdraw aside,
;
indear i ng ; ppr. of endear, v.] Having a ten-
What beast has heart to do it ? And bad his servant Talus to invent
dency to make dear or beloved; awakening af-
Tennyson, Lucretius. Which way he enter might without endangerment. fection as, endearing qualities. :

3. To
furnish the end of, as for protection or Spenser, F. Q., V. ii. 20. Nor gentle purpose nor endearing smiles
embellishment: as, to end a cane with an iron Yokes not to be lived under without the endangerment Wanted, nor youthful dalliance, as beseems
of our souls. Milton, Tetrachordon. Fair couple. Milton, P. L., iv. 337.
ferrule.— 4. To set on end; set upright.
[< ME. endirhen^ *en- With those endearing ways of yours ... I could be
H. intrans. 1. To come to an end or a close endarkt (en-dark'), v. t.
brought to forgive anything.
reach the ultimate or finishing point; termi- derkenj < cw-l derhj dark.] +
To make dark; Goldsmith, Good-natured Man, ii.

nate; conclude; cease: as, a voyage ends with darken. faulty and irregular, but often its faults
All Irish art is
the return of a ship. Yet dyuerse there be industrious of reason, are endearing, and in its is sweet sound.
discords there
Her endethth nu thiss goddspell thuss. 8om what wolde gadder in their coniecture Stedman, Vict. Poets, p. 260.
Of such an endarked chaptre some season
Ormulum, 1. 6514. Howe be it, it were hard to construe this lecture. endearingly (en-der 'ing-li), adv. In an endear-
All's well that ends well. Proverb. Skelton, Garland of Laurel. ing manner; so as to endear,
The angel ended, and in Adam's ear
So charming left his voice, that he awhile endarkent (en-dar'kn), v, t, [< ew-i + darken.] endearlyt (en-der'li), adv. [Irreg. (for dearly)
Thought him still speaking, still stood fix'd to hear. Same as endarJc. < endear + -ly^.] Dearly.
Milton, P. L,, viii. 1. Vapours of disdain so overgrown, Portia so endearly reverenced Cato as she would for his
The philosophy of Plato began inwords and ended in That my life's light wholly endarken'd is. preservation swallow coals. Ford, Honour Triumphant, iit
Daniel, Sonnets to Delia, xxi.
words. Macaulay, Lord Bacon. endearment (en-der'ment), w. [< endear +
2. Specifically, to die. endarteritis (en-dar-te-ri'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. -ment.] 1. The state of being endeared; ten-
Thus ended an excellent and virtuous lady, universally evdovy within, apT-qpia, artery, 4- -itis.] In + der affection; love.
lamented. Evelyn, Diary, Sept. 22, 1652. pathoL, inflammation of the inner coat of an When a man shall have done all to create endearment
To end even. See even^. artery. Also endoarteriitiSj endoarteritis. between them. ' South.
endable (en'da^bl), a. [< end -ahle.^ +
Capa- end-artery (end'ar''''te-ri), n. An artery which, Speaking words of endearment, where words of comfort
ble of being ended or terminated; terminable. with its branches, forms no anastomosis with availed not. Longfellow, Evangeline, i. 5.
 ; !

endearment 1919 endlable

a. Endearing action a manifestation of affec- endeictic (en-dik'tik), a.
;
[Prop- 'endietie, < endenizet (en-den'iz), V. t. [Short form of en-
tion; loving conduct; a caress, or tiie like. Gr. evdciKTiKof, probative, indicative, < hdeixvv- denizen.'] Same as endenizen.
vai, point out, show, give proof, indicate, < h, Specially since that learning, after long banishment, wag
iVe have drawn you, worthy sir,
in, - SeiKvivai, pointout: see deictic, apodic- recalled in the time of King Henry tlie Eighth, it (our
To make your fair emieaniients to our daughter,
And worthy 8er\'icea known to our aubjecta.
Beau, and Fl., Philaater, i. 1.
he] Showing; exhibiting Endeictic dialogue, good
in the Platonic philos,, a dialogue which exhibits a speci-
— tongue; hath been beautified and enriched out of other
tongues, partly by enfranchising and endenizing
strange words. Cainden, quoted in Hall's Mod. Eng.,p.6.
If the name of mother be au appellative of affections men of dialectic skill.
and endearmnUg, why should the mother be willing to endeudS (en-dik'sis), n [NL., prop, endixis, < And having by little and little in many victories van-
divide it with a stranger?
_ . quished the nations bordering upon them, [they] brought
ifSei^ic, a pointing out, demonstration, <
.
Gr. them at length to be endenized and naturalized in their
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), 1. 40.
f>'(!«)crwa;, point out: seee)tdeictic.^ An indica- owne name, like as the Persians also did.
endeavor, endeavour (en-dev'orj, r. [The sec-
tion sometimes used as a synonym of symptom
:
Holland, tr. of Ammianus, p. 401.
ond form usual in England. Early mod. E. also endellionite (en-del'yon-it), n. [< EndelUon endenizen (en-den'i-zn), v. t. [Formerly also
endeior, enderoir, indevor, indevour, indever, < (see def.) -ite2.] +
Tte mineral boumonite, endenizon; < en-^ denizen.'] +
To make a deni-
late ME. fdrfecor, inderor, a verb due to the orig. found in the parish of Endellion, in Cornwall, zen of recognize as a legal resident ; natural- ;

phrase put in derer: in, prep., taken in comp. England. Also endellione. ize to a partial extent. [Rare.]
as the prefix en-, -, in-; derer, Oei-or,
deier, devour, auty,
devor, aevour, &atj,
endemialt (en-de'mi-al), a. [< Gr. ivSmtog, be- Yet a Man may live as renown'd at home, in his own
obligation: see derer,devmr.] I. trans. It. io longing to the people: see enrfemtc.] Same as country, or a private village, as in the whole World.
put, apply, or exert (one's self) to do a thing: endemic. For it is Vertue that gives Glory That will endenizon a ;

used renexively. Man every where. B. Jonson, Discoveries.

There are endemial and local infirmities proper unto
Jews and Mahometans may be permitted to live in a
I indever my telfe to do a thyng, I payne my selfe, I in- certain regions, which in the whole earth make no small
PaUyratc. number. Sir T. Broume, Letter to a Friend. Christian commonwealth with the exercise of their reli-
derer in* to do the beat 1 can.
gion, but not to be endenizon'd.
2. To attempt to gain; try to effect; strive to The distemper ... is endemial among the great, and Locke, Third Letter on Toleration, iii.
[Archaic] may be termed a scurvy of the spirits.
achieve or attain ; strive after. Goldsmith, Proper Enjoyment of Life. endentt, v. t. See indent.
Lord Loudoun arrived at Philadelphia, expreaaly, aa he (e'n'dfer), n. One who or that which ends,
told me, to endeanrr an accommodation between the gov-
endemic (en-dem'ik), a. and n. [= F.mdi- ender
Pg. It. endemico (cf. D. terminates, or
= = finishes.
ernor and Assembly. Franklin, Autobiog., p. 253. mique Sp. endemico
Alias, rayn hertes queen alias, my wyf
This intensity of mood which insures high quality is by G. endemisch =
Dan. Sw. endemisk), < Gr. as if Myn hertes lady, endere of my lyf
! !

ita very nature incapable of prolongation, and Wordaworth, *hiii/uK6( for Mr//uoc, equiv. to hidrj/ioq, native, Cliaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1918.
in endeavoring it, falls more l>elow himself.
iMwcU, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 243.
belonging to a people, < tv, in, iivi^oQ, the peo- + But yield them up where I myself must render,
ple: see (feme2. Cf. epidemic.'] I, a. 1. Pecu- That is, to you, my origin and ender.
Shak,, Lover's Complaint, 1. 222,
n. intrans. 1. To labor or exert one's self to liar to a people or nation, or to the residents of
do or effect something^ strive; try; make an a particular locality chiefly applied to diseases. endert, prep. :
An obsolete dialectal form of
effort : followed by an infinitive. This deformity, aa it was endemic, and the people little
under.
used to strangers, it had been the custom ... to look That saw Roben hes men.
But he endetored with speacbes mild As thay atode ender a bow (bough].
Her to recomfort, and accourage bold. upon as the greatest ornament of the human visage.
Spenser, f. t|., 111. vUL M. Goldmtith, The Bee, No. 1. Bobin Hood and the Potter (Child's Ballads, V. 21).
A gi«at slaughter was made after thb among the routed, We have not been able to escape one national and en- ender-dayt, «• [ME., also enders-, enderes-, en-
and many of the first nobility were slain in endeavouring demic hal)it, and to be liberated from interest in the elec- dres-, endris-, andyrs-day,<. ender-, appar. < Icel.
to eacape. Bruce, Source of the Nile, II. 203. tions and in public affairs. Emerson, Misc., p. 329. endr, adv., in times of yore, formerly, before
Amy haatlly endeavoured to recall what ahe were beat A disease is said to be endemic when it is owing (ult. akin to L. ante, before see and, ante-, and
. . . :

to say, which might secure herself from the imminent dan- to some peculiarity in a situation or locality. Thus, ague
Seott, Kenilworth, xixlv.
end) (hardly, as has been suggested, a dial, or
gers that surrounded her. is endemic in marshy countries ; goitre, at the base of lofty

toward some mountains. Dungtison. foreign formof oWiei-, AS. other G. ander, etc.), =
2. To direct one's efforts or labor +
day.] Former day; other day: a word used
object or end; fix one's course; aim: with at, 2. In phytogeog. and zoogeog., peculiar to and only in the adverbial phrase this ender-day, the
for, or after. [Archaic] characteristic of a locality or region, as a plant
other day (that is, at some indefinite time re-
Thinking it aulBclent to obtain immortality by their
or an animal; indigenous or autochthonous in
cently past).
descendants, witliout endeavouring at great actions. some region, and not elsewhere.
Bacon, Physical Fablea, iii., Expl. The mater of the [metyng] mijtow here finde,
It (the New Zealand flora] consista of 835 speclea, our As i descriued ttiis ender day whan thow thi drem toldesi.
It was into this Gulph that Capt. DsrI* w«* gone with own [Britiah) blanda posaeasing about 1500; but a very WUliam of Paleme (E. E. T. S.), I. 3042.
the two Caiioaa, tu endeavour for a Prisoner, to gain intel- large proportion of these are peculiar, there being no less
I me wente tttis endres-daye.
ligence, if poaaible, before our Ship* came in. thui 677 endemic apeciea, and S2 endemic genera. Full faste in niynd niakane my mone.
Dampier, Voyage*, 1. 12S. A. Jt. Wallace.
Thomas of Ersseldoune (Child s Ballads, I. 98).
I could heartily wish that more of oar country clergy They [beeal visit many exotic flowera as readily aa the Quhen I was young this kendre day,
would . eiid«iKmr4/(«ra
. . handsome elocution. endemic kind. iMnrin, CroasandSelf Fertilisation, p.415.
My fadyr wes kepar off yor houss.
Additon, Spectator, No. 106. Endemic disease, a disease to which the inhabitanta of Barbour MS., x. 551.
We have a right to demand a certain amount of reality, a particular country are pecuUarlyaublect, and which for enaermaUC «_j-__,_«p /•^n.^ir-mafikl
(eii-aer mat IK;, a. a Gr ct,
I< "r.
l> ct in
lu, -r +
however small, in the emotion a man who makes reason may supposed to proceed from local cauaea,
of
buaineaa to endeavor at exciting our own.
it his that l)e
as bad air or water. A diaeaae may be endnnui in a par- ()fp//a(r-), the skin (see Oerro), -tC.J Same as +
Lowell, Among my Books, lat ser., p. 369. ticalar aeaaon and not in others, or endemic In one place endermic.
= SyiL Undertake, Endeavor, etc (see aUempt); to seek, and epidemic in another. See epidemic. endermic (en-d^r'mik), a. [< Gr. ev, in, +
aim, i^truggle. n. n. A
prevalence of endemic disease. iipfta. the skin (see derm), -ic] In med., in- +
endeavor, endeavour (en-dev'gr), n. [Early In the light of these instnictive, if not pleasant histori- volving direct application to the skin said of :

mod. E. also endevour; < endeavor, r.] An effort cal facta and surroundings, and of our own investigations,
we are to look for the cause of the recent endemic of fever. that method of
administering medicines in
an essay; an attempt; an exertion of physical Sanitarian, XV. 31. which they are applied to the skin after the
or mental powers toward the attainment of an , ,, , / i i\ a _..-.-.j.—•» epidermis has been removed by blistering. See
endemical (en-dem i-kal), a. Same as «kic»i«c,
.

obiect
His endeuour is not to offend, and his ayme the generall
That fluxes are the general and endemical diseases in -_^Ji^,_._ /_' /j„ •.„„! „
Irelan.l, I necl not tell you. Boyle. Works, II. 190. enderon
(en de-ron), «. rMT rv in 4-
[flL,-, < ^T- .f, m,
<' Cir
f
opinion. (J^pof, the skin.] The substance of skin or mu-
Bp. Earle, Micro-cocmographle, A Plausible Man. endemically (en-dem'i-kal-i), adv. In an en-
cous membrane ; the corium, derma, or true
If the will and the endeavour shall l>e theirs, the per- demic manner. skin, and the corresponding deep part of mu-
formance and the perfecting shall l)e his-
Colds have been known to prevail endemically among cous membrane, as distinguished from epider-
MUton, Apology for Smectymnous.
the healthy crews of veaaela lately arrived from the Arc-
Is the philanthropist or the saint to give up his endea- tic, ^rc. Ci-ui»ei)/tA« Corm'n, 1881, p. 13. mis or epithelium. See cut under skin.
vours to lead a noble life, becanae the aimpiest study of i!\ _ Teeth formed by the calcification of papillary elevations
mans nature reveals, at Ita fonndaUons, all the selflah enttemlClty
, i_ia_ (en-de-mis
,
^
j„ „:„':1-tl),
,^ n, [< endemic +
of the enderon at the lining of the mouth are confined to
"- '"' *"* or quality " of being endemic.
pasdons and flerceampetitea of the merest qoadmped? -ity.] The state ''
the Vertebrata unless ... the teeth of the Echinidea
;

Huxley, Man's Place In Nature, p. 131. The endemicity of cholera In Lower Bengal means that have a similar origin. //tiarifi/, Anat. Invert., p. 66.

To do one's endeavor, to do one's beat exert one's the same aUte of soil which used to arise from time to enderonic (en-de-ron'ik), o. [< enderon
; -ic] +
self. Now cultoq.) time at the great religious fairs has been .^adually and
q^ ^^ pertaining to the enderon of the nature
!

Thinking myself liound In conscience and Chrlatian permanently induced over a wide tract of soil in the baain^i
and delta of the Oangea and Brahmapootra. of, formed by, or derived from the enderon.
cliarity to do my endeavor. CXXVII.
R. Knox (Arber's Eng. Oamer, I. *M\ Quarterly Rev., 209. In Vertebrata true teeth are Invariably enderonic, or de-
my beat endeavors. (en-de-mi-ol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. h- veloped, not from the epithelium of the raucous mem-
And yet I have done endemlology brane of the alimentary canal, but from a layer between
Franklin, Autobiog., p. 448. Mltiio^(si:een(ifmic) +
<>.fyf(v, speak: see
this and the vascular deep substance of the enderon, which
=8yn. Struggle, trial,
-ology.] The scientific study and investigation answers to the dermis in the integument.
endeavorer, endeavoorer (en-dev'or-6r), n. of endemic diseases the knowledge resulting
;
Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 80.
One who makes an effort or attempt. [Rare.]
may l>e looked for than those which
from such investigation; what is known re- endettedt, «• A Middle English form of in-
'.."'. matters
Greater ..' 1 \' i _ 1./'.
ganlinK endemics. debted.
were the Inventiona of single cndMnnirers or resalta of _^j„„i„,,-. /„„ ,i = '„; ,,o\
chame. Otenm««, Eaaaya, iif. endcmiOUSt (en-de mi-U8), nO. t< Or. h,M,i„nr
[< fir m^/i(Of, ende'Wt, v. t. An obsolete form 'of endue'^, en-
Voice, stature, motion, and other gifta, mnat be very belonging to the people: see endemtc.] Same due^, endued.
bountifully beatowed by nature, or lab<(ur and induatry as endemic. Kersey, 1715. endezoteric (en-dek-so-ter'ik), a. [< Gr. Iv-
will jnuti the unhappy endeavourer in that way the fur- endemism (en'dem-izm), n. [As endem-ie + dov, within, + c^arefiiKdi, outside: see exoteric.']
ther oH Ills wiahea. Steele, Tatler, No. 16T.
-igm.] Same as endemicity. In med., resulting from internal and external
endeavormentt (en-dev'or-ment), n. [Early The Pyrenees are relatively aa rich In endemic species causes simultaneously; including both eso-
mo<l. E. cndevourment ; i. enieavor + -ment^ the Alps, and among the most remarkable instances teric and exoteric agency.
The act of endeavoring ; effort.
"
>r =
Pr. Sp. enrfi-
The Iluabandroan waa meanly well content diavolarc, possess
Triatl to make of his enderourment. ~j. diabolus (> F.
Spenser, Mother Hub. Tale,
diable, etc.), devil see devil] To possess with
I. 297. tween the Val d'Eynes and Catalonia. :
Encyc. Brit., XX. 126.
endeavour, and n. See endeavor.
«. or as if with a devil. Davies. [Rare.]
endeca-. An improper form of hendeca-. endenization (en-den-i-za'shon), n. [< enden- Such an one as might beat endiablee the rabble, and set
endecagon, endecagonal. See hendecagon, hen- ize + -ation.] Admission to the rights of a them a bawling against popery.
decngonal. denizen. [Rare.] Boger North, Eiamen, p. 671.
 ;; — ; « ;:

endiablement 1920 endocephalons

endiablementt, «. [< endiable + -ment.'i Dia- 6t. Without profitable conclusion to onto-: opposed to ecto- or exo-, and in some
; fruitless.
bolical possession. Davies. [Rare.] AU loves are endless. Beau, and Fl. cases to apo-, epi-, aadperi-.
There was a terrible rage of faces made at him, as if an Endless belt, cable, chain, etc., one made without endoarian (on-do-a'ri-an), a. Having internal
endiablement had possessed them all. detached ends, or with its ends joined together, so as to genitalia, as an aotinozoan ; of or
Roger Sorth, Examen, p. 608. pass continuously over two
pertaining
wheels at a greater or less
to the Endoarii; not exoarian.
endiaper (en-di'a-p6r), v. t. [< en-i + diaper.'] distance from each other. Endoarii (en-do-a'ri-i), n pi. [NL., < Gr. Iviov, .

To decorate witb or as with a diaper pattern Endlesssaw. Saniea86rt/*rf- within, -I- t^piov, dim. of ^ov L. mum, egg.] =
variegate. m w. - Endless screw, a me- The aetinozoans: so named by Eapp (1829),
chanical arrangement con-
Who views the troubled bosome of the maine sisting of a screw the thread
with reference to their internal genitalia dis- :

Endiapred with cole-blacke porpesies. of which gears into a wheel tinguished from Exoarii.
Clauditis Tiberius Nero, sig. G, 2.
with skew teeth, the obli- endoarteriitis, endoarteritis (en"do-ar"te-ri-
endictt, endictmentt, etc. Obsolete forms of quity corresponding to the
angle
i'tis, -ar-te-ri'tis), n. [NL.] Same as endarte-
indict, etc. of pitch of the screw.
ritis.
It generally used as a
is
ending (en'ding), ». [<ME.
ending, -yng, -ung, means of producing slow endobasidinm
(en'do-ba-sid'i-um), n. ; pi. en-
< AS. endung, verbal n. of endian, end see end, : motion in the adjustments dobusidia (-ii). [NL.j < Gr. hdov, within, -I- NL.
t'.] 1. The act of bringing or coming to an of machines, moving the
basidium.] In my col., a basidium that is in-
valve-gear of marine engines
end ; termination, as of life ; conclusion. by hand, etc., rather than closed in a dehiscent or indehiscent concepta-
Tlie king is not bound to answer the particular endings for the transmission of any Endless Screw and Wheel, cle, as in Gastcromycetes.
of his soldiers, the father of his son, nor the master of his great amount of power. Also endoblast (en'do-blast), n. [< Gr. Ivdov, vrithin,
servant for they purpose not their death when they pur-
; called perpetual screw. =Syn. 1. Eternal, everlasting,
-t- /JAacrof, germ.] In biol., the internal blas-
pose their services. Shak., Hen. V., iv. 1. perpetual, unceasing, imperishable, uninterrupted, bound-
tema or substance of the endoderm same as
Much adoe is made about the beginning and ending of less, immeasurable, unlimited. :

Daniels weekes. Purchae, Pilgrimage, p. 356. endlessly (end'les-li), adv. In an endless man- hypoblast.
ner ; without end or termination. endoblastic (en-do-blas'tik), a. [< endoblast +
2. In grdm., the terminating syllable or letter -ic.] Pertaining to endoblast; constituting or
of a word ; the termination, whether of declen- From glooming shadows of eternal night,
Shut up in darkness erullesdy to dwell. consisting of endoblast ; endodermal hypo- ;
sion, of conjugation, or of derivation.
Drayton, Pierce Gaveston. blastie.
ending-day t, n. [ME. endyng-day. Cf. end-
day.] The day of death. endlessness (end'les-nes), n. [< ME. endeles- endocardiac (en-do-kar'di-ak), a. [< Gr. Mov,
nes, < AS. endeledsnes, < endeleds, endless, -I- within, + KupSia, E. heart (see endocardium), =
To myn endyng-day. Chaucer, Complaintof Venus, L 55. -nes, -ness.] The + -ac. Cf. cardiac] 1. Situated within the
character of being endless
endirkt, »• t. Same as endark. extension without end or limit; perpetuity; heart. 2. Relating to the endocardium, or to —
end-iron (end'i"6m), n. [< end iron. +
In endless duration. Donne. the interior of the heart: as, an endocardiac
the second sense confused with andiron.] 1. endlevet, endlevent, a. and n. Obsolete (Mid- sound or murmur. 3. Situated in the cardiac —
One of two movable iron cheeks or plates used dle English) forms of eleven. portion of the stomach.
in cooking-stoves to enlarge or contract the endlichite (end'lik-it), n. [After Dr. P. M. endocardial (en-do-kiir'di-al), a. [< Gr. ivdov,
grate at pleasure. —
2. One of two short, thick Endlicli.'] An arsenic-vanadate of lead, inter- within, -t- Kapdia, E. heart (see endocardium), =
bars of iron used to hold the ends of the sticks mediate between mimetite and vanadinite, -al.] 1. Situated within the heart. + 2. —
in a wood-fire built on a hearth. The end-irons are found in New Mexico. Pertaining to the endocardium.
generally movable, and can be brought more or less near
endlongt (end'16ng),pre2). and adv. [Early mod. Endocardines (en-do-kar'di-nez), n.pl. [NL.,
at wilL They differ from fire-dogs or andirons in lying flat
upon the hearth. They are much used in the south of E. also cndelong and endalong (as if < end +
< Gr. ivdov, within, -I- L. cardo (cardin-), a hinge
Europe. long or along), < ME. endelonge, orig. andlong, see cardo, cardinal.] group of fossil (Creta- A
endironf, n. An obsolete form of andiron. < AS. andlang, > E. along : see along'^.] I. pre2). ceous) lamellibranch mollusks, containing the
Rudistce only, thus corresponding to the family
enditet (en-dif), v. t. An obsolete form of indite. Along; lengthwise of; from end to end of.
Hippuritidce : opposed to Exocardines. They
enditert (en-di't6r), ». Aa obsolete form of in- This lady rometh endelonge the stronde. . . .

diter. Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 1498. had an inner hinge, with teeth on one valve.
endive (en'div), «. [< ME. endyve D. andij- =
And as thay went endlande Jread endlange] this revere, endocarditic (en'Mo-kar-difik), a. [< endocar-
vie = G. Dan. endivie Sw. endivia, < OF. en- abowte the viij houre of the day thay come tille a castelle ditis + -ic] Pertaining to endocarditis.
=
dive, F. endive —
Sp. endibia, formerly endivia
that stode in a littille ile in this forsaid ryvere. endocarditis (en "do-kiir-di'tis),
MS. Lincoln, A. i. 17, fol. 27. (Halliwell.) endocarditv), < cndocard-ium
n. [NL. (= F.
= Pr. Pg. It. endivia, < ML. intiha, fem. sing., -itis.] In pa- +
And so he went endelonge the Cloyster there we sat at
L. intibus, intubus, intybus, masc, intibum, in- ye table and dalt to euery Pylgryme as he passed a pap wt thol., inflammation of the endocardium.
tybum, neut., < Gr. "evrvjiov, endive. Cf. Ar. relyques of ye holy place aboute Jherusale. endocardium (en-do-kar'di-um), n. [NL., <
hindiba, appar. of European origin.] plant, A Sir R. Guylforde, Pylgrymage, p. 39. Gr. ivSov, within, H- KapSia E. heart.] In =
Cichorium Endivia, of the natural order Com- Sip Cuthbert Ratcliff, with divers of the most wise bor- anat., the lining of the heart, as distinguished
positw, distinguished from the chicory, C. In- derers, devised a watch to be set from sunset to sunrise at from the pericardium, or investing membrane
tybus, by its annual root, much longer unequal
all passages and fords endalong all the middle marches of that organ the membrane forming the inner ;

over against North Tynedale and Redesdale.

pappus, and less bitter taste, it is probably iden- surface of the walls of the car-
Hodgson, quoted in Bibton-Turner's Vagrants and
tical with C. ptimilum, a wild species common throughout [Vagrancy, p. 86. diac cavities, or this surface
the Mediterranean region ; but it has long been in culti- itself.
vation, and is in common use as a salad. n. adv. 1. Along; lengthwise. endocarp (en'do-karp), n. [=
Endive, or succory, is of several sorts as the white, the :
The enemies were within the towne by their
. . .
F. endocarpe, < NL. endocar-
green, and the curled. Mortimer, Husbandry. trenches both endlong and ouerthwart.
HakluyVs Voyages, IL 89. pium, < Gr. Muv, within, -l-
endless (end'les), a. [< ME. endeles, < AS. 2. Continuously; from end to end. In bot., the in-
KapTzdq, fruit.]
endeleds (= 08. endilos = D. eindeloos = G. ner wall of a pericarp which
So takes in bond
endlos = Dan. endelos = Sw. dndelos), < etide, To seeke her endlong both by sea and lond. consists of two dissimilar lay- Peach
end, +-tea«, -less.] 1. Not having a termina- Spenser, F. Q., III. x. 19. ers. It may be hard and stony as Persi-
ca). £n, endocarp
tion; continuing without end, really or appa- in the plum and peach, membranous Bp, epicarp
endlyt, a. [(= MHG. endeUch, endUch, G. end- as in the apple, or fleshy as in the mesocarp.
Afes,
;

rently having no limit or conclusion as, end- licli. final) \ end + -ly^.] Final.
; :
orange. The endocarp or stone, the
Jess progression ; endless hlisa; the ewcZtess pur- epicarp or outer skin, and the mesooarp or fleshy part of a
An endly or flnall processe of peace by anthoritie.
suit of an object. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 206.
peach are shown in the cut.
My sone, God of his endeles goodnesse endely (= MHG. endeliclie,
ME. Endocarpeael (en-do-kar'pe-e), n. pi. [NL., <
Walled a tonge with teeth, and lippes eke, endlyt, adv. [<
Endocarpon (the typical genus) + -ece.] In
For man sholde him avyse what he speke. endliche, G. endlich), finally; < end -ly'^.]
bot., a family of angiocarpous lichens having a
+
Chaucer, Manciple's Tale, I. 218. Finally.
foliaeeous thallus. Also Endocarpei.
Let endlesse Peace your steadfast hearts accord. Pees shalle be whereas now trouble is,
Spenser, Prothalamion, 1. 102. Endocarpese^ (en-do-kar'pe-e), n.pl. [NL., < Gr.
After this lyfe endely in blys.
The endless islands which we have seen along the north- MS. Hart., 3869. (Balliwell.) iv6ov, within, mpnd^, fruit, -I- -ew.] In goal., a +
em part of the Dalmatian shore, bare and uninhabited division of nematophorous C'alen tera ta, contain-
rocks as many of them are, are without history.
end-man (end'man), n. 1. man at one end ing A
those whose genitalia develop from the en-
of a row or line hence, an extremist one who
E. A. Freeinan, Venice, p. 190. ; ;
doderm: opposed to i'etoca J7)<"(r. The division
takes the most advanced view of anything.
It is impossible to conceive a limit to the extent of mat- contains the Scyphomedusa;, and also the Actino-
A very long series of resolutions, expressing the senti- zoa proper or ^ thozoa. Hertu-ig Brothers, 1879.
ter in the universe; and therefore science points rather
ments of a few end men on most of the open questions in
to an endless progress, through an endless space, of action
involving the transfonnation of potential energy into
the broad sphere of modern life, were approved. endocarpein (en-do-lsar'pe-in), a. [< Endo-
palpable motion, and thence into heat, than to a single Science, IV. ;13. carpew + -j«i.] Same as endocarpoid.
finite mechanism, running down like a clock, and stop-
Specifically
ping for ever. Thomson and Tail, Nat. Phil., I. ii., App. E. 2. In minstrel-troupes, a man endocarpoid — (en-do-kar'poid), a. [< Endocar-
pon -i- -Old.] In Uchenology, having the apo-
2. Not having ends returning upon itself so
who sits at an end of the semicircle of perform-
ers during the opening part of tiie entertain- thecia sunken in the substance of the thallus,
;

as to exhibit neither beginning nor end as, an

ment. In the early days of negro minstrelsy each troupe as in the genus Endocarpon.
:

endless belt or chain ; a circular race-course is

had two end-men, of whom one played the tambourine Endocarpon (en-do-kar'pon), n. [NL., < Gr.
endless. —
3. Perpetually recurring intermina- and the other the clappers, or bones, and Ix>th alternately kvSov, within,
; Kaprrdg, fruit.] In bot., the rep- +
ble ; incessant continual as, endless praise
; cracked jokes with the middle-man and told funny stories resentative genus of Etidocarpcw.
:
It has the
endless clamor. after each song sung by one of the company. The larger
troupes have since had two, and sometimes four, of each apotheeia immersed in the thallus.
If singing breath or echoing chord class of end-men. Endocephala (en-do-sef'a-la), m. ^J. [NL.,
To every hidden pang were
What
given.
endless melodies were poured.
endmost (end'most), a. superl. [< end + -most.] neut. pT. of "cndocephalus see endocephalous.]
:

As sad as earth, as sweet as heaven ! Situated at the very end ; furthest. The headless mollusks : same as Acephala.
O. W. Holmes, The Voiceless. endo- (en'do). [< Gr. hSo-, combining form of endocephalous (en-do-sef'a-lus), a. [< NL.
4t. Without object, purpose, or use.
ivdov, in, within, in the house, at home (= OL. *endocephalns, < Gr. ivdov, within, -I- kkjmH], the
Nothing was more endless than the common method of endo-, indu-, incomp. cf. intus, within), < h; head.] Having the head, as it were, within
comparing eminent writers by an opposition of particu- = L. m = E. ««!.] A prefix in words of Greek acephalous or headless, as a lamellibranch mol-
lar passages in them. Pope, Pref. to Iliad. origin, signifying 'within,' 'inside': equivalent lusk pertaining to the Endocephala.
;
 . : : ;;

endoceratid 1921 endogonidium

endoceratid(en-*lo-ser'a-tid), II. Afossiloepha- endoctrinel (en-dok'trin), r. t. [= F. endoctriiier endogastritis (en^do-gas-tri'tis), n. [< Gr. h>-
lopoil ot tlie fiimily Endoceratidw. = Pr. eiuloctriiiar; as c»i-l + doctrine.] Same (ioi', within, + yacrijp^ stomach, + -itis: see tjas-
Endoceratidae (en'do-se-rat'i-de), [NL., as indoctrinate.
n. pi. in pathol., inflammation of the mu-
iritis,']

< Gr. ivfSor, within, + Kipaq (KtfMT-), horn, + endocyclic (en-do-sik'Uk), a. [< NL. endocycli- cous membrane of the stomach; gastritis.
-idtB.] A
family of nautiloid cephalopods hav- cii.f, < Gr. ivdov, witliin, + kvk?.oq, circle.] Hav- endogen (en'do-jen), 71. [< NL. endogentiSy adj.,
ing large holoehoanoid siphons, endoeones or ing a centric anus, as a regular sea-urchin; < Gr. ev6ov, within, +
-yevr/g^ producing: see -gen,
gheaths, an endosiphon, and the whorls fusiform specifically, pertaining to the Endocyclica. Also -genoiis. Cf. the like-formed Gr. hvdoyevi^q,, "born
in transverse section. Hyatt, Proc. Bost. Soc. endncyclical. in the house.] A
plant belonging to one of
Nat. Hist., XXII. 266. Endocyclica (en-do-sik'li-ka), n. pi. [NL., the large primary classes into which the vege-
endocervical (en-do-s6r'vi-kal), a. [< Gr. iviov, neut. pi. of endocyclicus : see endocyclic] An table kingdom is divided : so named from the be-
within, + L. cervix \cervic-), neck, + -fl/.] Per- order of echinoderms, containing the regular lief that the fibrovascular bundles were devel-
taining to the inside of the cervix of the uterus. or desmostichous sea-urchins, having the anus oped only about the center of the stem, in dis-
endocervicitis (en-do-sfer-vi-si'tis), ?i. [NL., < centric, as the cidarids and ordinary sea-eggs tinction from the exogens or * outside growers "
'

Gr. hihv, within, + L. cervix {cervic-), neek, + same as Dcsinosticlia : opposed to Kxncijclica. a monocotyledon, in their structure the eudogens
In pathol., inflammation of the lining of endocyclical (en-do-sik'li-kal), a. Same as cn- ditfer from the exogens chiefly in the absence of a cambium
-itis.']
layer and in the course of the vascular bundles, which, in-
the cervix of the uterus. (loci/clic.
stead of being parallel to each other in successive con-
endochona (en-do-ko'nii), n.; pi. endochoiuB endbcyemate (en-do-si'e-mat), a. [NL., < Gr. centric rings, have a variously oblique or curved direction,
(-ne). [NL., < Gr. cvSoi', within, +
x^l^ a evihv, within, + Ki-T/fja, an embryo (< nvelv, con- crossing each oth-
funnel: see c/ione.] An endochone: distin- ceive), -ate^.] +
In embryol., developed in the er, and forming a
steip which has
Ruislied from ectochona. Sollas. manner characteristic of reptiles, birds, and ordinarily no dis-
endochondral (en-do-kon'dral), a. [< Gr. h- mammals, in which the embryo is bodily Inva- tinction of jjith
(i.ji, witliin, + ^(ivtSpof, cartilage, -ai.] +
Situ- ginated in an involution of the blastodermic or bark, and
membrane, and an amnion is developed in eon- in cross - section
ated witliin a cartilage.
shows the bundles
endochone (en'do-kon), n. [< NL. endochona.'] sequence; amniotic and allantoic, as verte- irregularly dis-
Tlie inner division of a chone. Sollan. brates above batrachiaus: opposed to epicyc- posed, either scat-
endochorion (en-do-ko'ri-on), w. ; pi. endochoria mate. tered over the
(-a). [NL., < Gr. ivim:, within, +
x^P""'^ a mem- The formation of the amnion in the eHdoci/emate types
whole surface or
gathered more
brane, the chorion.] In niiat., the inner chorion of the Chordata. J. A. Btjder, Amer. Nat. (1885), p. 1118.
compactly toward
a term sometimes applied to the vascular layer endocyesis (en'do-si-e'sis), n. pi. endocyeses the circumfer-
of tlie allantois, limng the chorion.
;
ence. The other
en-
(-sez). [NL., < Gr. iviov, within, airiai^, con- + organs of the
endochorionic (en-do-ko-ri-on'ik), a. [< ception, < Kvclv, conceive.] The state or quality plants are also
dochorion +
-ic] Pertaining to the endocho- of being endocyemate the process by which an ; characteristic. Parts of an Endogen.
rion. endocyemate embryo becomes such. The leaves are I. Section of the stem of a palm : e, e, re-
generally paral- mains of /, bundles of woody
leaf-stalks
endochroa (en-dok'ro-a), n. p^L., < Gr. eviov, ;

endocjrst (en'do-sist), n. [< Gr. tvSov, within, lel - veined, the

fiber. Portion of stem, natural size, show-
2.

within. + XP""' Xl'^^^'i surface.] In Imt., a name + Kvari^, bladder: see cyst.] In zool.: (a) The flowers usually
ing the ends of the bundles of woody fiber.
3.Endt^enousleaf, showing its parallel veins.
piven by Hartig to a supposed interior layer of inner layer or membrane of the body-wall of a have three organs 4- Monocotyledonous seed, showing (a) its
in each whorl, the single cotyledon. 5. Germination of palm: b,
the cuticle. polyzoon. If there is no ectocyst, the endo- albumen c, cotyledon d, plumule ; <, radicle
seed has an em-
; ;

endochrome (en'do-krom), «. [< Gr. ivAav, derm forms the entire integument. (6) In Poly- br>'o with one co-
issuing from a short sheath, the coleorhiza.
within, + ;rW"<'i color.] 1. In 6o<., the brown
zoa, the proper ectodermal layer of the organ- tyledon, and the
6. Flower of end<^en.

cell-contents in Diatomacea', colored by diato- ism inside the hard ectocyst, together with the radicle issues from a sheath and is never developed into
min. The term has also been applied generally parietal layer of the mesoderm which lines and a taproot in gennination. The endogens are divided into
to the coloring matter, other t han green, of flow- secretes the cells of the exoskeleton. See cut 84 natural orders, including about l,f>00 genera and from

ers, etc. —
2. In roo7., the highly colored endo- under I'lunialclUi.
18,0(X) to 20,000 species. By the characters of the in-
florescence they are also distinguished as either spadi-
plasm of a cell.— Endochrome plates, the colored ceous, as in tlie PalvuB and Aracece, petaloldeous, as in
portions of the cell-contents of diatuniR. endoderm (eu'do-d^rm), «. [< Gr. Mov, within, tlie Orchidacece, LUiacece, Jridacece, and Amarifllidacece,
endochjrme (en'do-kim), «. [NL., < Gr. hnhv, -I- /lijiiia, skin.] In zool., the completed inner orglumaceous, as in the GramineiVfind Cyi>eracexe. These
within, + x^/idc, juice: see ehyme^.} In zool., layer of cells in all metazoan animals, formed 8 orders embrace over four fifths of the whole number of
the inner chyme-masa; endoplasm. by the cells of the hypoblast or endoblast, and species, the OrchidacetE alone including nearly 5,000. This
class contains many of the most valuable food-producing
endoclinal (en-do-kli'nal), a. [< Gr. Ivdov, with- representing, under whatever motlification, the plants ()f the vegetable kingdom, such as the cereals and
in, + K/.ivtiv, lean (see clinode), + -a/.] In bot., lining of the enteron: opposed to ectoderm. forage -pi ants among tlie grasses, the palms, plantains, etc.
lYimitlvely, it is the wall of the gastrular body-cavity, as and the petaloideous division supplies also very many of
having the clinodo (hymenium) inclosed in a the ectoderm is that of the whole body. Also e7ifO(fer?». the most showy ornaments of the garden and greenhouse.
conceptacle. See cut under ilydrozoa.
The structure of the roots of endogens and exogens is
endocoelar (en-do-se'18r)j a.[< Gr. Ivdmi, with- The Inner, or endoderm. Is formed by the " Invajdnatlon " essentially the same in plan with tlial of their respective
in, + Kiji'/ji^, hollow, Koi/ia, the belly, -ar.] + of that layer Into the space left void by the disaolutiuu of stems. If'. B. Carpenter, Micros., § 375.

Situated on the inner wall, or intestinal surface the central cells of the " morula."
W. B. Carpenter, Micros., f 301. Endogense (en-doj'e-ne), «. pU [NL., fem. pi.
or visceral side, of the coeloma or body-cavity; (sc. plantw) of cndogemts : see endogenous,'] In
Bplanchnopleural used chiefly of bodies (fe-
: endodermal (en-do-d^r'mal), a. [< endoderm hot.y as a classifying name, the endogens. See
nve<l from a four-layered g<?nn, an<l hence with + -«/.] Of or pertaining to the endoderm; monocotyledon,
reference to the splanchnoiileural or visceral constituting an endoderm consisting of endo-
;
endogenetic (en*d6-je-net'ik), «, Having an
division of the mesoderm opposed to cxocalar.
: ilerm. Also entoderinal, vndodermic, cntodermic.
origin from internal causes as, endogenetic dis- :

Tlie intestinal filirous layer. From this Is devclO|>e(I, endodennic (en-do-d^r'mik), a. [< endoderm eases, Itungliaon.
flmtly. tlie eiultx'trUtr : that is, the inner or viscenil ca;lun! + -ic] Same as endodermal. endogenous (en-doj'e-nus), «. [< NL. endo-
fpfthftliiiii, thi.' Iiiyur of cells coverinj^ the outer surface of
till- »li..li- iiiu-stiue. llaecM, Evol. (trans.), I. 271. endodermis (en-do-ddr'mis), w. [NL., < Gr. tv- genus : see endogen.'] 1. In hot.i (a) Of or
I'of, within, +
dip/M, skin.] In bot., the layer pertaining to the class of endogens growing
endocoelarinm (en'do-so-la'ri-um), n. [NL. of modified parenchyma-cells which are united or proceetung from within as, endogenous
;

see ciidiM-alar.] In sonl,, the layer of cells form- : trees

to form the sheath surrounding a fibrovascular or plants; endogenous gvovfih.
ing the epithelium of the visceral or inner wall bundle.
of the body-cavity; the visceral epithelium of It is in the motle of urrangenient of these bundles that
endoenteritis (en'do-en-te-ii'tis), n. [NL.] the fundamental dilferenee exists I>etween the stems which
the (.'(eloraa.
Same as enteritis. are commonly designated jis endoi/eiwus and those . . .

endocondyle (en-do-kon'dil), n. Same as enlo- endogamous (en-dog'a-mus), a. [< endogain-y wliich are more correctly W. termed exogenous.
U. Carpenter, Micros., § 3C5.
,„,„l,il,: t + -oiix.] Marrying, or pertaining to the cus-
endocone (en'do-kon), n. [< Gr. Ivdov, within, tom of marrying, within the tribe or group; (ft) Originating within ; internal; specificallv,
-- «ui'of, cone.] One of the internal concentric pertaining to, practising, or characterized by formed within another body, as spores within
cones formed by the sheaths of the siphons of endogamy: opposed to exoj;a;«OM«. a sporangium.
gome cephalopods, us those of the family £n- The zygospore is strictly an endogenous formation.
doceratiilw. Hyatt. These (the Roman usus and
confarreatio] are . . . forms liessey.
appropriate to marriages between memijers of the same
endoconic (en-«fo-kon'ik), a. [< endocone -ic] + family-trroup or tribe ; and . . . could only have origi- 2. In anat,: (a) Same as autogenous, (h) In-
I'iii;iiiiirig to tlie endocone of a cephalopod. nated among eiidoffamoui trilies. closed in a common cavity of the matrix, as
endocranial (en-do-kra'ni-al), a. [< cndocra- McLennan, Prim, ^larrlage, Hi. cartilage-cells —
Endogenous ceU-fonnatlon. the
niiim +-«/.] Pertaining to the endocranium; The outer or endofiainmu limit, within which a man or deVL'lopnifiit of daughter-cells within the mother-cell,
situated or taking place within the cranium. woman must marry, has been mostly taken uiuicr the shel- endogenously (en-doj'e-nus-li), adv. In an
endocranimn (en-do-kra'ni-um). «. [NL., < Gr.
ter of fashion or prejudice. It is but faintly traced in Eng- endogenous manner; internally.
land, though not wholly obacured.
IviSov, within, +
K/xiviot', the skull.] In zool. Maine, Early Law and Custom, p. 224.
endo^athal (en-dog'na-thal), a. [< Gr. evSop,
and aiiiil., a collective name for the processes within, H- > vqOo^j Jaw, +
-at,"] Of or pertaining
which project inward from the cranium of an endogamy (en-dog'a-mi), n. [< Gr. tmhv, with- to a modification of the three, terminal joints of
in. + -icifio^, marriage.] Marriage within the the gnathostegite or third thoracic appendage
animal, and serve to support the organs of the
heail: applied by Huxley to the hard pieces tribe: a custom among some savage peoples: in brachyurous crustaceans. See gnathostegite.
found in the head of an insect, and invisible opposed to exogamy. The three terminal joints of the limb remain 8nta1I,and
without dissection, in the cockroach these form a The rule which declares the union of jwrsons of the constitute apalpifonn appendage^ the eiuioffnat/ial im\p.
same blood to be Inceat has been hitherto unnamed. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 299.
cruciform luirtitiun in the middle of the head, and they . . .

auunie vari..ii« fi.rms In other Insects. Also called ten- The words endogamy and exogamy (for which botanical endogonidium (en^do-go-nid'i-um), J(.; pi. endo-
torium, and hy Kirtiy refihaUiphrniiuui. strlence affords parallels) appear to i>e well suited to ex-
tress the ideas which stand in need of names, and so we
gonidia (-ji). [NL., < Or. mW,
within, + NL.
There the cockrcachl a sort of internal skeleton
Is |in I
lave ventured to use them, gonidium, q. v.] Agonidium (conidium) formed
(«n/i«MTaniti»t or tentorium), which extends as a cruciform inside of a cell by free cell-formation, as in Sa^
McLennan, Prhn. Marriage, lii., note.
partition from the inner (air of the lateral walls of the
cranium ... to the siiics of the rHcipltal foramen. Evidently endogamy, which at the outset must have prolegniaj MiicoTf FrtMcAfrta, the yeast-plant, etc.
Iliiztry, Anat Invert., p. 348. characterized the more peaceful groups, and which has These endofjonidin heUig set free by the dissolution of
prevailed as societies have become less hostile, is a con- the wall of the parent-cell soon enlarge and comport
endoctrinatet (en-dok'tri-nat), r. t. See indoc- comitant of the higher forms of the family. themselves as ordinary yeHSt-cells.
tniuitf U. Spencer, Prin. of Soclol., { 29a W. B. Carpenter, Micros., §311.
V2l
 ;; ;

endogonlum 1922 endopleurite

(en-do-mis'i-al), a. [< endomysium The internal face of the sternal wall of the whole of the
endogonium (en-do-go'ni-uin), n. [NL., < Gr. endomysial thorax and of the post-oral part of the head presents a
evthv, witliiu, +
>owf, seed.] In bot., the con- + -al.] Pertaining to or consisting of endo- complicated arrangement of hard parts, whicli is known
tents of the nucule of a chara. Treasury of mysium. as the endopkragmal system. Huxley, Crayfish, p. 157.
Botani/. endomysium (en-do-mis'i-um), n. [NL., < Gr.
endophyllous (en-do-fil'us), a. [< Gr. cvSov,
endolarvngeal (en'do-la-rin'jf-al), a. [< Gr. hiihv, within, +
/iif, muscle see muscle.] In :
within, -I- ^iA/.ov (= "L./oliumj a leaf), -I- -oics.]
ivdor, within, +
?~dpvyi, larynx, -al.'] Situ- + anat., the areolar tissue between the fibers of
In bot., being or formed within a sheaf, as the
ated within the larynx. the fasciculi of muscles. young leaves of monocotyledons.
endolymph (en'do-limf), «. [='E'.en(lolym})he, There seems to be a connection between the sarcolemma endophvtal (cu'do-fi-tal), a. [< endophytc +
< Gr. h'Sov, within, +
L. lympha, water s see and the CT.dom!/«M,«._ „l. ] i-Amo a,ii cntophyiic.
Buck's Handbook of Med. Sei., V. 63.
lymph.'] In anat., the peculiar limpid fluid which endophyte (en'do-fit), n. [< Gr. CTifov, within,
is contained within the membranous labyrinth endonephritis (en'do-ne-fri'tis), n. [NL., < -I- <pvT6v,
„,„ a plant.],.j Same
,,„^„„„ as entophyte
of the ear, as distinguished from the perilymph, Gr. n'to, withm, -t- NL. nephntts, q. v.] Same endophytic (en-do-fit'ik), a. [< endophyte
which surrounds it. Both are inside the bony laby- as pyeliti.t. ,, -'".] In bot., same as entoph^..^.
entoi>hytic.
rinth. The emlolymph may contain hard bodies called endoneurial (en-do-nu n-al), a.
, ,-, .

"
[< endoneun- endophytically (en-do-fit'i-kal-i),
~
adv.
:,

Same
otoconites. It is also known as the liquor Scarpm and the
Pertaining to or consisting of en- ^^ entophytically.
vitreous hunwr of the ear.
endolymphangial (en'do-lim-fan'ji-al), a. [< doneurium.
urn -I- -al.]
endpphytOUS (en-dof'i-tus), a. [< Gr. ivSov,
...
(en-do-nii'ri-um), ». [NL., < Gr. within, -I- (pvTov, a plant, + -ous.] In entom.,
Gr. fnio:), within, -I- L. lympha, water (see lymph), endoneurium
+ Gr. ayjciov, a vessel, + -al."] Situated or con- evdov, within, + vevpov, nerve.] In anat., and the penetrating within the substance of plants and
tained in lymphatic vessels an epithet applied delicate connective tissue which supports
: trees; living within wood during a part of life,
to certain nodules in serous membrane in re- separates from one another the nerve-fibers while some transformations are effected: said
lation with the lymphatic system opposed to within the
:
funiculus. of the larvte of certain insects.
endonucleolus (en"d6-nu-kle'o-lus), n. pi. en-
periliimj)hanf/ial: as, endolymphangial nodules. The larva; of the castnians are ;
endophytous, boring
endolymphatic (eu'do-lim-fafik), a. [< ctido- donucleoli (-li). [NL., < Gx.' evdov, within, + the stems and roots of orchids and other plants.
. . .

lymph -I- -(/(ifl.] Pertaining to the endolymph, NL. >(»deo?M«, q. v.] A highly refractive speck C. r. Riley.
particle of protoplasm in the interior of an endoplasm (en'do-plazm), n.
or to the cavity of the labyrinth which con- or [< Gr. ivSov,
tains that fluid ondolymphic as, the endolym- ovum an
; :
endoplastule< ;
within, -I- vXaa/ia,' a, thing formed, < n2,daaeiv,
phatic fluid (that is, the endolymph) the endo- The protoplasm is made very opaque by the presence of form.]
; 1. In bot., the inner granular and
quantity of yolk spherules. A nucleus con-
lymphatic duct (which persists in some verte- a very large somewhat fluid part of the protoplasm of a
taining nucleolus and endonucleoli is always visible after
brates, as sharks, as a cotnmunicatiou between staining or crushing. cell, as distinct from the ectoplasm. 2. In —
the labyrinth and the exterior). See ductus. li. J. H. Gibson, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., XXXII. 634. zool., the interior protoplasm or sarcodous sub-
endolymphic (en-do-lim'fik), a. [< endolymph endoparasite (en-do-par'a-sit), n. [< Gr. ev- stance of a protozoan, as a rhizopod, as distin-
+ -ic] Of or pertaining to or of the nature of dov, within, + irapdai-oc, parasite see parasite.] guished from the ectoplasm : same as endosare. :

endolymph. Also called chyme-mass, parenchyma.

An internal parasite; a parasite which lives in ^^'»"^^''«"."*"'^:'''"^^^^^^
endoplasmic (en-do-plaz mik), a. [< endoplasm
She [Laura Bridgnian] does not appear to be in the least thfi
the intprnnl parts or or^ns
internal ^a.rts organs of the host, as dis- dis
ataxic but it will be remarkable if touch and muscle-sense
; c] Pertaining to or formed of endoplasm.
have ... so well learned to discharge those [functions]
now generally supposed to be due to endolymphic pres- iKfn^SXr tr^^a^s^^^hl^ endakstA^-pU«. l<^l..*endoplastum
evdov, within, + ttTmoto^, formed, molded,
sure. G. S. Hall, German Culture, p. 262. character. The term has no classificatory < Gr. The so-called nucleus of
< Tr'Xaaaeiv, form.]
endomaget, ''• *• -Aji obsolete form of endamage. meaning. protozoan animals. The endoplast is regarded as the
endome (en-dom'), v. t. pret. and pp. endomed, endoparasitic (en"d6-par-a-sit'ik), a. [< eyido-
:
homologue of the nucleus of any true cell of the metazoic
ppr. endoming. [< en-'- + dome^.] To cover parasite -I- -ic] Pertaining to or of the nature animals. See cuts under Actinosphcerium and Parame-
with or as if with a dome. of an endoparasite. cium.
The blue Tuscan sky endo^n^ Dr. Grassi has investigated the endoparasitic " Protista," The "nucleus "is a structure which is often wonderfully
Our English words of prayer. and recognizes five families of Flagellata. similar to the nucleus of a histological cell, but, as its
Mrs. Brouming, Child's Grave at Florence. Smithsonian Report, 1883, p. 704. identity with this is not fully made out, it may l)etter be
termed endoplast. ... In a few Protozoa tliere are many
eadomersion (en-do-mfer'shon), ». [< Gr. Mov, endopathic (en-do-path'ik), a. [< Gr. evdov. cndoplasts. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 74.
within, LL. (gloss.) mersio^n-), a dipping in, within,-!- ffaSof suffering + -ic] In pathol, endoplastic (en-d6-plas'tik)7 «. [< endoplast
-f
immersion, < L. mergere, dip: see merge.] Im- pertaining to the production of disease from + _^^ ^ ^^ ^^ pertaining to the endopl-st:
- „
mersion a word used only in the phrase etido- causes within the body.
:
-
as, endoplastic substance.^ 2. Having an en-
mersion objective (which see, under objective, n.). endopericarditic (en-d6-per"i-kar-dit'ik), a. doplast being one of the Endo2)lastica : as, an
-
-
— .

endometrial (en-do-me'tri-al), a. [< endome- [< endopericarditis + -ic] Pertaining to, of the endoplastic protozoan.
;

trium + -al.] 1. Situated within the uterus. nature of, or affected with endopericarditis. Also entoplastie.
— 2. Pertaining to the endometrium. endopericarditis (en-do-per'i-kiir-di'tis), n. Endoplastica (en-do-plas'ti-ka), n. pi. [NL.,
endometritis (en"d6-me-tri'tis), n. [NL., < [< Gr. ivdov, within, + Trepmapdiov, pericardium,
neut. pi. of *endoplasticus, endoplast.] A
endometrium + -itis.'\ In jjaWio!., inflammation -h -itis.] In pathol., simultaneous inflamma- higher group of the Protozoa, conveniently dis-
of the endometrium. tion of the endocardium and pericardium. tinguished from the Monera or lower Protozoa
endometrium (en-do-me'tri-um), n. [NL., < endoperidia, n. Plural of endoperidium. by the possession of an endoplast, the so-called
Gr. iv6ov, within, -f- /isyrpa, uterus see matrix.] endoperidiai (en'do-pe-rid'i-al), a.
: [< endope- nucleus. See extract under endoplast, and
The lining membrane
of the uterus. ridium +
-al.] Pertaining to or of the charac- moner. The leading divisions of the Etidoplastica, as
endomorpn (en'do-morf), n. [< Gr. iv6ov, with- ter of an endoperidium. named by Huxley, are the Amteboideh (liere called Proto-
in, +
ftop(j}ri, form!] In mineral., a mineral in- endoperidium (en"do-pe-rid'i-um), m. ; pi. en- plasta), Gregarinida, Infusoria, Eadiotaria, and probal^ly
closed in a crystal of another mineral. Thus doperidia (-a). [Nt., < Gr. evdov, within, -I- the Catatlacta.
there are found in quartz crystals a great variety of min- NL. peridimn, q. v.] The inner peridium, where The Protozoa are divisible into a lower and a higher
erals, as rutile, tremolite, tourmalin, hematite, etc.
two are present, as in Geaster. Compare exo- group. ... In the latter —
the Endoplastica a certain —
endomorphic (en-do-m6r'fik), a. [< endomorph portion of this substance [protoplasm] (the so-called nu-
peridinm. cleus) is distinguishable from the rest [Note] I adopt this
-I- -ic] Occurring in the form of an endo- endoperineuritis (en-d9-per"i-nu-ri'tis), n. distinction as a matterof temporary convenience, although
morph of or relating to minerals occurring as [NL., < Gr. evdov, within,
;
NL. perineurium, + I entertain great doubt whether it will stand the test of
endomorphs. further investigation. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 73.
q. v., -t- -itis.] In pathol., inflammation of the
endomycnid (en-dom'i-kid), a. and n. I, a. Of endoneurium and perineurium. endoplastular (en-do-plas'tu-lar), a. [< emdo-
or pertaining to the Endomychidce. (en-dof'a-gus), a. [< Gr. ivdov,
endophagOUS plastule ¥ -ar.] Of or pertaining to an endo-
TL. n. AmevaheTotthefa.unlyEndomychidw; within, + (jiayelv, eat, -f -ous.] Cannibalistic plastule; nucleolar^
a fungus-beetle. given to endophagy.
within the tribeendoplastule (en-do-plas'ttd), n. [< endoplast
;
Endomychidae (en-do-mik'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < [As endo})hag-otis -(- -i(?c.] The so-called nucleolus of Protozoa,
A endophagy (en-dof'a-ji), n.
Endomychus + -idle'.] family of trimerous + -y.] Cannibalism practised within the tribe as of an amoeba or other rhizopod, or of an in-
or cryptotetramerous clavicorn beetles, related the practice of devouring one's relations. fusorian, which may lie within or by the side
to the ladybirds or Coccinellida:. Tliey have cylin- (en"do-fle-bit'ik), a. [< endophle- of the endoplast. See out under Paramecium.
drical maxillary palpi with the terminal joint filiform
endophlebitic
long antennae; an elongated head often grooves at the base
;
bitis + -ic] Pertaining to, of the nature of, or Attached to one part of it [the endoplast] there is very
of the prothorax the dorsal segments of the abdomen part-
; affected with endophlebitis. generally ... a small oval or rounded body, the so-called
" nucleolus " or endoplastule.
ly membranous the ventral free
; the wings not fringed endophlebitis (eu'da-fle-bi'tis), ».
; [NL., < Huxley, Anat. Invert, p. 98.
the tarsi typically 3-jointed, with the second joint di-
Gr. evdov, within, + (bMil> MeB-), a vein, -1- , , ,- ,.., ..^ i j , ,
lated and the claws simple. There are about 400 species,
;
endopleura (en-do-plo'ra), «.; pi. endo^leurw
which live on fungi in both the larval and the mature :tis.] In pathol., inflammation of the inner
("''^)- [NL.,< Gr.cK&v, within, -(- x?,CTpa, a nb.
state, and are sometimes called fungm-beetles. In some coat of aI vein
in pi., the ribs, the side.] In bot., the
the tarsi are evidently 4-joint- endophloeum (en-do-fle'um), n. [NL., < Gr. usually cut under
ed. The family is most numer-
within, + bark.] In bot., the delicate inner coat of a seed. See
evdov, <l>7Mt6g,
ous in the tropics. cpisperm.
liber or inner bark. See liber.
Endomychus (en-dom'i- endopleural (en-do-plo'ral), a. [< etidoplcur-
kus), n. [NL. (PaykuU, The internal [layer] or endophloeum., which is more com- + Pertaining to an endopleurite.
(ite) -at]
1798), < Gr. cvSov, within, monly known as the liber.
W. B. Carpenter, Micros., § 372. Also endoplcuritic.
-I- pvx6^, the innermost
part, inmost nook or cor-
ner, < fiveiv, close, shut.]
endophragm (
en'do-frani), n
phragma, < Gr. evdov, withm, -I- *PWa, a parti-
[< m.^ enOo- ^^^^^ j^t^^^^^'U^^/tl
which from the in-
.
^^^^ ^^ ^ crustacean arises
The typical genus of the tion,< ippdaaetv, shutin,fencein. Cf. diaphragm.] terepimeral membrane which connects the so-
family Endomychidce. E. In zool. a kind of diaphragm or partition formed
,
mites; a pleural or lateral piece of the endo-
coccineus and E. higuttatus by apodemes of opposite sides of a somite of a thorax, as distinguished from an endosternite.
are examples. E. hovistce crustacean.
(en-do-frag'mal), a. [< endo- The floor of the thoracic cavity [of the crawSsh) is seen
is a British species E. bi- ; endophragmal to be divided into a number of incomplete cells, or chiim-
guttatus is the only North Funf^us-beetle {Endomy- 2>hraym -I- -al.] Of or pertaining to an endo- bers,by .apodemal partitions, which
. . ai-ise partly . . .
H^uttatus). (Line
American one. shows natural size.) phragm. from the interstemal, partly from the Interepimeral mem-
 ; ;

endoplenrlte 1823 Endosporeae

brane connecting every pair of somites. salpinx (salping-), The former
-itis.'\ lapathol., inflam-
por- + endosmometric (en-dos-mo-met'rik), a. [<e»-
tion of eacli apodeme is the endosternite, the latter the
endopUiirit'i. The endopUurite
. divides into
mation of the lining membrane of a Fallopian
. .
dosmomctcr +
Pertaining to or designed
-i'c]
for the measurement of endosmotic action.
. . .

tube.
three apophyses, one descending or arthrodial, and two
wliich pass nearly horizontally inwards, endosarc (en'do-sark), n. Gr. cvSov, within, K endosmose (en'dos-mos), n. [= F. endosmose,
Huxley, Anat, Invert,, p, 269, adp^ (aapK-), the flesh.] In zoiil., the inner + < NL. endosmosis, q. v.] Same as endosmosis.
endopleuritic (en'do-plp-rit'ik), a. [< endo- or interior sarcode or protoplasm of the amoe- M. Poisson has further attempted to show that this
pleuritc + -ic] Same as endopleural. bffl or other protozoans, in any way distin- force of endosmose may be considered as a particular modi-
fication of capillary action. WhewelL
endoplutonic (en-do-plp-ton'ik), a. [< Gr. ev- guished from the exterior sarcodous substance
Au, within, +
E. plutonic.'\ An epithet applied orectosarc; endoplasm. It corresponds to the gen- endosmosis (en-dos-mo'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. ev-
bv some geologists to rocks "supposed to have eral substance of a cell, as distinguished from a cell-wall
«" ""c.eus. See
and cell-nucleus. cut.under Paramecium.
see cut
thi', within, +
impulsion, < ioOelv, push,
uafidg,
bien generate! within the first-formed crust ""^ thrust, impel.] The transmission
of a fluid
of the earth " endosarcodous (en-do-sar'ko-dns), a. [< en- inward through a porous septum or partition
endopodite (en-dop'd-dit), n [< Gr. Ivdov with-
dosarc (sarcode)
^
-Oiis.] Same as endosar- + which separates it from another fluid of differ-
iu, + -01 f (to<!-) = E.foot, + -ife.] The inner «'>?'''

endosarcous (en'do-sar-kus), a. [< endosarc +

ent density opposed to exosmosis : see osmosis.
:

one of the two main The general phenomenon of the interdiffusion of fluids
-oiig.'\ Pertaining to or of the nature of endo- through septa, including both endosmosis and exosmosis,
divisions of the typi- is termed diosmosis or osmosis, but endosvtosis is also used
sarc.
cal limb of a crusta- in this sense. The phenomena differ from diffusion prop-
the opposite endoscope (en'do-skop), n. [< Gr. Ivdav, within, er in being affected by the nature of the septum. —
cean Elec-
:

of exopodite. Both en-

+ CKoTTtiv, view."] A diagnostic instrument de- trical endosmosis, the cataphoric action of the electric
dopodite and exopodite signed for obtaining a view of some internal ciirrent ; the passage of an elecirolyzed liquid through a

are parts l)orne upon that part of the body, especially the bladder, uterus, diaphragm from the anode to the cathode. Some of the
laws of the phenomenon have been made out, although it
part which is called the and stomach. is not fully understood. The amount which passes is pro-
protopodite, and both are
variously moditied in dif-
endoscopic (en-do-skop'ik), a. [< endoscope + portional to the intensity of the current and to the spe-
ferent parts of the body -!>.] 1. Pertaining to or effected by means cific resistance of the liquid, and is independent of the area

of the same animaL The

epipodit« may become a
of an endoscope. 2. In math., viewing coeffi- — and thickness of the diaphragm. The hydrostatic pres-
sure required to present the phenomenon is proportional
Developed Endopodite, or or-
_. .
cients with reference to their internal consti- to the thickness and inversely as the area of the dia-
glU, etc. The endopodite dinary ambulatory leg of the craw-
tution as composed of roots or other elements. phragm.
becomes in the thoracie fi^ as a thoracic appendage: a\
region an amimlatory the whole extent of the endopo- rndopo.
coxop.
Thus, the methods of Lagrange and Abel for endosmosmic (en-dos-mos'mik),
o. An inoor-
dite with seven Joints;
limb, and is then the ordi- odite 3, basipodite 3, tschi ;
resolving an equation are endoscopic. J. J.
i
rect form for endosmotic or endosmie.
nary "leg" or "claw" of 4. meropodite: 5, carpopodite: 6, Sylrestcr, 1853. endosmotic (en-dos-mot'ik), a. [< endosmosis
a crab or lobster. When propodite dactylopodite ; e, fila-
+
endosiphon (en-do-si'fon), n. [NL., < Gr. Mov, (-osmot-)
7.

thus folly developed, it

;

ments home on coxopodite ; </, an -ic.'] Of or pertaining to endosmo-

consists of 7 Joints. These epipodite. B
and c, appendages
respectively of tirst and second at>.
within, + a'ujiuv, a tube.] The inner siphon of sis ; of the nature of endosmosis. Also endos-
are the coxopodite, ba- domtnal somite of the male : a^, en- cephalopods; a median tube, inside the tube mie.
ipodite, ischiopoidite. dopodite c, exopodtte-
:
formed by the true funnels connecting the Root-pressure is probably a purely physical phenome-
mi-niiMxiite, carpopodite,
lite, and dactylopodlte, nametl from base to tip of
apices of the fleshy sheaths, and surrounded by non, due to a kind of endosm/)tic action taking place in the
root-cells. Bessey, Botany, p. 174.
til. 1. _', in Milne-Edwards's and Huxley's nomenclature. a layer of shell.
I he nippers or chela) at the end of such a developed en- Endosmose is Independent of any interchange, since it
Tills, the endosip/um, had the same thin covering as the
(l<i|Mxlite are the sixth and seventh of ita Joints, namely, results entirely from the attraction of the dissolving sub-
the pratKxIite anil its niovably apposable dactylopodite. sheaths themselves or the secondary diaphragms, stance for the solvent and this attraction is invariable at ;

A. Hyatt, Proc, Amer, Assoc, Adv. Sci., XXXII. 328. the same temperature, and may be termed endosmotic force.
endopoditic (en-dop-o-dit'ik), a. [< endopodite
Sachs, Botany (trans.), p. 597.
+ -ic] Of or pertaining to the endopodite. endosiphonal (en-do-si'fon-al), a.
[< endosi-
f ni the other hand, the inner or tndopoditic division of phon + -*/?.] Pertaining to or having the char- Endosmotic equivalent, the ntimber expressing the ra-
tio of the amount by weightof water which passes through
the antenna becomes immensely lengthened, and at thi acter of an endosiphon. a porous membrane into a saline solution to that of the
same time annulated. while the outer or exopodillc divi- endoslnhonate (en-do-Si'fon-at), O. [< endosv- amount of salt passing in the opposite direction.
sioii remains relatively short, and acauirei iU character-
Huxfay, CrayHah, p. 218.
i ^i Uavmg
/*"<>» + -o«e*.J
ti.^__ an
.
" -i
purtnair^hnn
enaosipnon. endosmotically (en-dos-mot'i-kal-i), adv. By
istic »cale like form.

[NL., neut. The endofiphonate and transitional types [of cephalo- means of endosmosis in an endosmotic man- ;
Endoprocta (en-d6-prok't4), n. pi.
periods have a common character.
pods] of these ner.
p\. 01 'endoproctua: soo endoproctous.'] divi- A
A. Hyatt, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., XXXII. 328. nutritive fluid passes endositwtictUly into the body
sion of the Poluzoa, established by Nitsche, ,
endoskeletal
j-t,, i,.,
(en-do-skel e-tal), a. [< ettdo-
.,.,, The
parenchyma. Clans, Zoology (trans.), p. 307.
having the anna inside of the circle of tenta-
elesTbpposed to JSctoproeta. skeleton -<il.-i Of pertamu to the endo-
or pertaiiiiing + endosomal (en'do-so-mal), a. [< endosome -f-

skeleton. -al.] Of or pertaining to the endosome of a

In the
.^:?jrSe™doJenn"„'}'S'e'al?mS^„°aI endoskeleton .(en;^6-«kel'e-ton)
only one layer, V , ,, n [NL.,
5 ., , sponge.
has no tecond or external coat. The perivisceral cavity, (jr. luioi', within, OKcAtrMi, a dry body see + : endOSOme (en'do-som), n. [< Gr. tudov, with-
or interspace between the endoderro and ectoderm, is oc- skeleton.] In anat., the internal skeleton or in, -I- body.] The innermost part of the
<T(J/f a,
cupied by ramified mesodermal cells. framework of the body; the whole bony, chi- body of a sponge, composed of endoderm and
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 671.
tinous, cartilaginous, or other hard structure its associated deep mesoderm, exclusive of the
endoproctoiu (en-do-prok'tus), a. [< NL. *en- choanosome distmguished from both choano-
:

iliilinicliuf, < Gr. ivAov, within, irpunTdf, anus.] + some and ectosome.
Pertaining to or having the characters of the In some sponges a part of the endoderm and associated
Endnproeta : as, an endojiroctous polvzoan. mesoilerm may likewise develop indeitendcntly of the rest
endoptile (en-dop'til), a. [< Gr. ^fiW, within, of the sponge, as in the Hexactinellida, where the choano-
-I- rrriXav, feather, down, wing, leaf.] Same some forms a middle layer between a reticulation of ecto-
some on the one side an<l of endoderm and mesoderm,
as monocotyledonous : an epithet proposed by 1. e., endosome, on the other. Kiicyc. Brit., XXII. 415.
Lestiboudois, because the plumule is inclosed
within the cotyledon.
endosperm (en'do-spferm), n. [< Gr. evAcyv,
within, -I- anlppia, seed.] In hot., the albumen
endoral (en-do'ral), a. [< Gr. fvtov, within, + of the seed ; the substance stored in the ovule
L. OS (or-), mouth, -a/.] +
Situated between
or seed about the embryo for its early nour-
till' adoral and preoral cilia in certain Oxytri-
ishment. By recent authors it is limited to the deposit
rhiiiir; said of certain cilia. formed within the embryo-sac. Iu some seeds, as of the
endoreif, '. '• [ME. endoren, endouren, < OF. Cannacea, there is an additional deposit within the testa,
endorer, gild, glaze, < «t- dorer, F. dorer, gild,+ but outside of the embryo-sac, which is distinguished as
< LL. chaurare, ^d: see deattrate, and cf. Segiaeiit ol Endockeleton from Thocmck Region of CiocodUe. the perigperm. See albumen, 2, and cut under epigperm.
adore^, Doratlo, dory^."] In cookery, to make theC, neural centrum of a vertebra, over which rises the neural arch, inclosing The macrospore of these plants gives rise to a small cel-
canal and ending in .VS. the neural spine Z, prexyga- ;
lular prothallium bearing one or more archegonia, which
of a bright golden color, as by the use of the pophySLs; .? posUygapophysis 7"r, transverse proccsswhich .-irticu- .
;
in the Rhizocarps extends beyond the limits of the spore,
lates with /, tubercle of a rib C*/. that which articulates with C/.
but does not become free from it ... in the Phanero-
:

yolks of eggs; glaze. capitulum of a rib; f>, ossified veriebral nb. or pleurapophysis
;

Eobroche hit fayre, . .

f^r', cartilaginous part of same : Str. sternal rib, or heinapophysis gams, where it is termed the endosperm, it remains perma-
.
5/, segment of sternum ; /*m. uncinate process of a rib or cpipleura. nently . . enclosed. XX. 430. Encyc Brit.,
Bndore hit with jolkea at eggei then From C/r to St, on either side, is the hemal arch.
.

With a fedyr at Ore. endospermic (en-do-sp6r'mik), a. endosperm [<

Liber Cure Coeorum, p. 87.
which within the integument, and is cov-
lies
+ -ic] Containing or associated with endo-
Potage .with rosted motton. Tele, porke,
. .
ered by and skin, as
flesh _
_ distinguished from sperm applied to seeds and embryos.
:

Chekyns or endmmd pygyons. NL.

Bal>ea Book (E. E. T. S.X p. 278. ihoexoskeleton. m lyiairother mammals endospore
man and nearly
-^
(en'do-spor), n.
'^- — *' ^ —
"'— within, -*- ffTTopo^, seed: see
rium, < Gr. eviov, — [< endosi>0-
it constitutes the whole skeleton. In invertebrates the
Darielles [cnrries] tndordide, and d»nteei ynewe.
term covers any hard interior framework supporting soft spore.] 1. In bot., the inner coat of a spore,
lf«r<« Artkure (E, E. T. S.X 1. 1»9,
parts, as the apodemal system of arthropods, the cuttle of corresponding to the intine of a pollen-grain.
endore^, f. [ME. endoren, var. of adoren, a squid, etc. The endoskeleton of vertebrates is divisible
(.
into two independent portions : the axial endoskeleton, Compare epispore, exospore.
adore : see adore^Jl To adore.
belonging to the head and tnmk, and the appendicular Their further history has been traced out by Kirchner
Rebtike me neoer with wordej felle, endoskeleton, to the limbs. The axial endoskeleton con- who found that their (oospores') germination commenced
Tha; I forloyne me dere endortfe. Bistsof the entire series of vertebral and cranial segments, in February with the liberation of the spherical endospore
AllUeraHve Poetni (ed. Morris), L S68. including ribs, breast-bones, hyoid bones, and jaws. The from its envelope. W. B. Carpenter, Micros., 8 240.
Gr. Mov, appenihcnlar endoskeleton consists of the iKines of the
endorhizal (en-d^-rl'zal), a. [<
limbs, regarded as diverging appendages, and inclusive of 2. In bacteriolojj!/, a spore formed within a cell,
within. + pi'Ca, root, -- -^i/.] In bot., having the pectoral and pelvic arches (shoulder- and hlp-gir<lle8), as distinguished from arthrospore.
the radicle of the embryo incloeed within a by which these appendages are attached to the axial ele- Also cndosporium.
sheath : a characteristic of endogenous plants. ments.
(en-do-spo'rf-e), n.pl. [NL.,< Gr.
See cut under endogen. endosmie (en-dos'mik), Same as endosmotic. Endosporese
a.
evthv, within, airopo^, seed, + -ece.] The sec- -I-
endorhizous (en-do-ri'zus), a Same as endo- endosmometer (en-dos-mom'e-t6r), n. [= F. ond of the two groups into which the Myxomy-
rhi:(il. endosmomr-trr : < Gr. Iviiov, within, + uafti^, im-
cetce are divided. It is characterized by the production
endorsable, endorse, etc. See indoraahle, etc. pulsion (see endosmosis), + fierpov, a measure.] of spores inclosed within sporangia, and includes all of the
endosalpingitis (en-do-sal-pin-ji'tis), n. [NL., An instrument for measuring the force of en- order except one genus, which is referred to the ExosporeCB,
< Gr. iv6w, within, +'a6Xirty^, a trumpet, > L. dosmotic action. It comprises 42 genera grouped under 18 so-called famlliea.
 ; : :

endosporitun 1924 end-speech

endosporium (en-do-spo'ri-um), ». ; pi. endo- surface of the wall, or proper investment of But thousands die without or this or that,
Die, and outow a college, or a cat.
sporia (-a). [NL.] Same as endospore.
" the visceral chamber, of a coral distinguished :
Pope, Moral Essays, iii. 96.
Tlie zj'gospore does not immediately germinate ; but, from the exotheca, and also from the epitheca.
alter a longer or shorter period of rest, the exosporiuni endothecal (en-do-the'kal), a. [< endotheca + 3. To furnish, as with some gift, quality, or
and the endosporium burst, and a bud-like process is -al.] Of or pertaining to the endotheca of a faculty, mental or physical ; equip: as, man is
thrown out Huxley, Biology, v.
coral consisting of endotheca, as a portion of
;
endowed by his Maker with reason; to be en-
endosporoos (en-dos'po-rus), a. [< endospore eorallum. dowed with beauty, strength, or power.
+ -oiis.] Forming spores endogenously with- endothecate (en-do-the'kat), a. [< endotheca For the gode vertues that the body is endovKd with of
in a cell or spore-cavity: in bacteriology, op- + -dfel.] Provided with an endotheca. nature. Mandeville, Travels, p. 252.
posed to arthrosporous. endothecial (en-do-the'si-al), a. [< endothe- Being desirous to improve his workmanship, and endow,
endosst (en-dos'). «• '• [= D. endosseren G. = cium +-al.] 1. Pertaining to the endothecium. as well as create, the human race.
eiulossiren =
Dan. endossere Sw. endossera = = — 2. Having the asci inclosed, as in the pyre-
Bacon, Physical Fables, ii.

Pr. endossar =
Sp. endosar =
Pg. endossar, < F. nomycetous fungi and angiocarpous lichens. Nature had largely endowed William witli the qualities
endosser, OF. endosser, put on the back, indorse of a great ruler. Macaulay, Hist Eng., vii.
endothecium (en-do-the'si-imi), n. [NL., < Gr.
< en, in, +
dos, < L. dorsum, the back: see h'6ov, within, +
OijKii, a case see theca.] In :
Beings endowed with life, but not with soul.
and cf. indorse, endorse.'] To put on 0. W. Holmes, Autocrat, x.
dorse, 1. hot.: (a) The inner lining of an anther-cell.
the back; put on (armor). (6) In mosses, the central mass of cells in the Endowed Schools Act, a British statute of 1869 (32 and
33 Vict., c. 56), empowering commissioners to remodel
Tliey no so<mer espyed the mominges mistresse, with rudimentary capsule, from which the arche- such schools as had been founded and endowed for special
disheueled tresses, to mount her iuorie chariot, but they spore is generally developed. purposes, to alter or add to tlie trusts, directions, and
endossed on their armours.
endothelial (en-do-the'li-al), a. [< endothe- provisions of the endowments, or to make new trusts, etc.
Knight of the Sea, quoted in Todd's Spenser, VI. 294, note.
lium + -al.] Of, pertaining to, or of the na- Also known as Forster's Act. =Syn. Endue, Endow. See
2. To write engrave ; carve.
;
ture of endothelium.
end\ie^.

Her name in every tree I will endogge.

endothelioid (en-do-the'li-oid), a. [< endothe-
endower^ (en-dou'er), n. [< endow + -eri.]
Spemer, Colin Clout, 1. 632.
+ Resembling endothelium. One who endows.
lium -oid.]
endostea, «. Plural of endosteum. endower^t (en-dou'er), V. t. [< CH-l + dower^.]
The locality of the tumor gives abundant opportunity To furnish with a dower or portion endow.
endosteal (en-dos'te-al), a. [< endosteum + -al.] for the origin of the endothelioid formations. ;

1. Of or pertaining to the endosteum; situ- Medical News, LII. 301. This once renowned church was gloriously decked
. . .

ated in the interior of a bone. 2. Autogenous — endothelioma (en-do-the-li-o'ma), n. pi. en- ;

with the jewels of her espousals, richly clad in the tissues
of learning, and frankly endowered,
or endogenous, as the formation of bone; ossi- dothcliomata (-ma-ta). [NL., (."endothelium + Waterhouse, Apol. for Learning (1653), p. 142.
fying from the interior of a cartilaginous ma- -oma.] In pathol., a malignant growth or tu-
trix. endowment (en-dou'ment), n. [< endow +
mor developed from endothelium.
-ment.] 1. The act dower on a
of settling
The ossification of the human sternum is endosteal, or endothelium (en-do-the'U-um), n. [NL., < Gr.
commencing witliin the substance of the primitive hyaline Ivdov, within, + drjXij, nipple. Cf. epithelium.]
woman. — 2. The act fund or per-
of settling a
cartilage. W. II. Flower, Osteology, p. 72. manent provision for the support of any per-
In anat., the tissue, somewhat resembling epi- son or object, as a student, a professorship, a
3. Endoskeletal, as the bone or endosteum of
a cuttlefish.
thelium, which lines serous cavities, blood-ves-
sels, and lymphatics, it consists of a single layer
school, a hospital, etc. —
3. That which is be-
endostemite (en-do-stfer'nit), n. [< Gr. ev6ov, of tbin flat cells, applied to one another by their edges.
stowed or settled; property, fund, or revenue
witliin, + sternite.i In zoiil., that part of an Also called vasaliwn and coelarium. permanently appropriated to any object as, :

apodeme of a crustacean which arises from the endothermic (en-do-th6r'mik), a. [< Gr. ev(^ov, the endowments of a church, hospital, or college.
intersternal membrane connecting successive within, + dcpii7!,hea.t, + 4c.] Relating to absorp- A chapel will I build, with large endowmejit. Dryden.
somites; a sternal piece of the endothorax. tion of heat. Endothermic compounds are those whose Professor Stokes, having been appointed to deliver three
See endopleurite. Milne-Edwards; Huxley. formation from elementary substances is attended with ab- annual courses of lectures, on the endoumient of John
sorption of heat, and whose decomposition into other sim- Burnett, of Aberdeen, chose Light as his general subject.
endosteum ( en-dos 'te-um), n. ; pi. endostea (-a). pler compounds or into elements is attended with liber- Pop. Set. Mo., XXVI. 129.
[NL., < Gr. hSov, witliin, + bariov, a bone.] 1. ation of heat. Nitroglycerin and other explosives are ex-
In anat., the lining membrane of the medullary amples of endothermic compounds. 4. That whichgiven or bestowed on the per-
is
cavity of a bone ; the internal periosteum, it endothermous (en-do-ther'mus), a. Same as son or mind nature in the plural, nat-
;
gift of ;

is a prolongation of the fibrovascular covering of a bone indnlhcrmic. ural equipment of body or mind, or both ; at-
into its interior through the Haversian canals, finally endothoracic (en'do-tho-ras'ik), a. [< endo- tributes or aptitudes.
forjning a delicate vascular membrane lining the medul- + I had seen
thorax (,-ac-) -ic] Pertaining to the endo-
lai-y cavity.
thorax of an arthropod; situated in the tho- Persons of meaner quality much raore
2. Cuttlebone. Exact in fair endowments. Ford, Lady's Trial, i. 2.
racic cavity.
endostoma (en-dos'to-ma), n. ; pi. etidostomw
His early endowments had fitted him for the work he
(-me). [NL., < Gr. cvSov, within, ardiia, the + endothorax (en-do-tho'raks), n. [NL., < Gr. was to do. Is. Taylor.
mouth.] 1. In zoiil., a part situated behind
ti'rfoi', within, +
6upa^, a breastplate, the chest.]
In arthropods, as crustaceans and insects, the One of the endowments which we have received from
and supporting the labrum in some Crustacea. the hand of God. Sumner, Fame and Glory.
— 2. In pathol., an osseous tumor within a apodemal system of the thorax or the cephalo-
thorax, formed by various processes and con-
The very idea that reforms may and ought to be effected
bone. peacefully implies a large endowment of the moral sense.
tinuations of the dermal skeleton, and so con- H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 473.
endostome (en'do-stdm), n. [< Gr. eviov, with-
+oTo/m, the iuouth.] 1. In hot.: (a) The stituting an interior framework of this part of Endowment policy, or, in full, endowment Insurance
in,
orifice at the apex of the inner coat of the ovule. the body, supporting and giving attachment to policy, a life-insurance policy of whicli tlie amount is pay-
soft parts, as nerves and muscles. able to the insured at a specified time, or sooiier to bis rep-
(6) The inner peristome of mosses. See cut resentatives should he die before the time named. = SyiL
under exostome. — 2. In zool., same as endos- These processes are very greatly developed on the
cephalothorax of the higher Crustacea. They are found
3. Bequest, preacTit, gift, fuud. —
4. Acquirements, Ac-
toma. quisitions, Attainments, etc. (see acquirement)', gift, tal-
chiefly in the head and thorax in many orders of the In- ent, capacity, genius, parts. See comparison under f/cm'iis.
endostosis (en-dos-to'sis), m. [NL., < Gr. Ivdov, secta, where they form a complicated structure known as
within, + bartov, bone, + -osis.'] 1. Inpathol., the endvthorax. Gegeiibaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 249. end-paper (end 'pa "per), n. In hooWinding,
the formation of an endostoma. 2. Ossifica- — one of the white or blank leaves usually put be-
Endothjrrinse (en"d9-thi-ri'ne), n. pi. [NL., fore and after the text of a book in binding, one
tion beginning in the substance of cartilage. < Gr. ivfhv, within, -t- Bipa, a door, + -in(B.] A or more in each place. End-papers are not to be con-
endostracal (en-dos'tra-kal), a. [< endostra-
subfamily of Lituolidm with the test more cal- of wliichone leaf is pasted
ciim + -ah] Pertaining to or consisting of en- careous and less sandy than in the other groups founded with the liniiig-papers,
down inside of each cover, and the other corresponds to
dostracum. of Lituolidm, sometimes perforate, and with it in the color of its outer surface.
endostracum (en-dos'tra-kum), n. [NL., < septation distinct. end-piece (end'pes), «. l. A distinct piece or
Gr. ev6ov, within, + oarpaKov, shell.] The inner
endoutet, f * [ME. endouten, < OF. *endouter, part attached to or connected with the end of a
layer of the hard shell or exoskeleton of a crus- later endoubter, < en- + douter, fear, doubt: see tiling ; specifically, in a watch, the support for
tacean. oj-i and doubt^.] To doubt ; suspect. the end of a pivot. 2. A transverse timber or —
endostyle (en'do-stil), n. [< Gr. hdov, within, And if I ne had endouted me
bar of iron by which the ends of the two wheel-
+ a-liAoQ, a column: see style'^.'] A longitudi- To have ben hated or assailed, pieces of a truck-frame are connected together.
nal fold or diverticulum of the middle of the My thankes wol I not haue failed. Car-Builder's Diet.
hemal wall of the pharynx of an ascidian, which Rom. of the Rose, 1664.
end-plate (end'plat), «. In anat., the expanded
1.

projects as a vertical ridge into the hemal sinus endow (en-dou'), V. t. [Formerly also indow -termination of amotor nerve in a muscular fiber
contained between the endoderm and ectoderm, (also endew, endue : see endued) ; < MB. endowen, under the sarcolemma.
but remains in free communication with the < AF. endower, OF. endouer (= Pr. endotar), < en- end-play (end'pla), ?i. The play or lateral mo-
pharynx by a cleft upon its neural side. From + doner, doer, P. doner, endow: see dovA, doto- tion of an axle, etc. Also called end-shake.
one point of view it appears deceptively as a hollow rod, er"^, dowry. Ct.endue'^.] 1. To bestow or set- endreet, endryt, r. t. [ME. endryen, (only once)
whence the name. Huxley. See cuts under Doliolidoe
and Ti/ni'fata. tle a dower on provide with dower. ; erroneously for adryeti, adrigen, < AS. d-dre&-
endostylic (en-do-stil'ik), a. [< endostyle + -ic] With all my
worldly goods I thee endow. (jan, suffer, < a- + dreogan, ME. drigen, dryen,
Of or pertaining to the endostyle of ascidians. Book of Common Prayer, Marriage Service. dree : see dree^.] To suffer.
— Endostylic cone, a short ca^cal process of the endoderm I would not marry her, though she were endowed with In courte no lenger shulde I, owte of dowte,
forming the extremity of the endostyle in the embryonic all that Adam had left him before he transgressed. Dwellen. but shame in all my life endry.
ascidian. Shalt., Much Ado, ii. 1.
Court of Love, I. 72a
endostylic cone gives rise to the whole alimentary
The A wife by law entitled to be endowed of all lands and
is
[< en-^ + drudge^-]
canal of the bud. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 525. tenements of which her husband was seized in fee sim- endrudget (en-druj'), v. t.
ple or fee tail during the coverture. Blackstone. To make a drudge or slave of.
endotet, »• '• [< en- + dote^. Cf. endow.'] To
2. To settle money
or other property on; fur- A slave's slave goes in rank with a beast such is every ;

endow. one that endrudr/eth himself to any known sin.

Their own heirs do men
endotheca (en-do-the'ka),
nish with a permanent fund or source of income Bp. Hall, Remains, p. 29.
disherit to endote them,
as, to endow a college or a church.
Tyndale, Works, I. 249. endryt, v. t. See endree.
n. pi. endothecce
Our Laws give great encouragement to the best, the
end-shake (end'shak), «. Same as etid-play.
noblest, the most lasting Works of Charity endew-
(end'spech), n. An epilogue. Imp.
; . .

[NL., < Gr. ivSm, within, +

; .

(-se). Oj/k^ a case ing Hospitals and Alms-houses for theimpotent, distem- end-speecht
see theca.] The hard structure upon the inner per'd, and aged Poor. StUlingJleet, Sermons, II. vii. Diet.
 ;
:; ; ! ; ;

end-stone 1925 endways

end-stone (end'ston), n. One
of the plates of endurably (en-dur'a-bli), adv. In an endurable And since your Goodliness admits no blot.
Still let your Virtue too indure no stain.
a watch-jewel, against which the pivot abuts. or durable manner so as to be endured.
;
J. Beaumont, Psyche, i. 211.
E. II. Kniyht. endurance (eu-dur'ans), n. [Early mod. E.
How small, of all that human hearts endure,
enducet, f- '• An obsolete form of induce. also indurance; < 01*. endurance, F. endurance, That part wliich laws or kings can cause or cure.
endue^ (en-du'), v. t. pret. and pp. endued, ppr.
;
< endurer, endure: see endure and -ance. Cf. Johnson, Lines added to Goldsmith's Traveller.
enduing. [Early mod. E. also enclew, indeic, now durance.'l If. Continuance; duration. And I, in truth (thou wilt bear witness here).
usually indue ; < L. induere, put on (an article Some of them are of very gi-eat antiquity, . . others .
Have all in all endured as much, and more
Than many just and holy men, whose names
of clothing or ornament), clothe, deck, put on of less endurance. Spenser, State of Ireland.
Are register'd and calendar'd for saints.
(a character), assume (a part) see indued. Cf. :
2. Continuance in bearing or suffering; the Tennyson, St. Simeon Stylites.
endue'^, with which endue'- is partly confused.] fact or state of endxiring stress, hardship, pain,
6t. To continue or remain in abide in.
To clothe; invest: same as indued.
;
or the like ; a holding out under adverse force
Absteyne you stithly, that no stoure fall
Endue them with thy Holy Spirit. or influence of any kind : as, the endurance of And endure furthe your dayes at your dere ese.
Book o/ Common Prayer (English). iron or timber under great strain; a person's Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2661.
Thus by the organs of the eye and ear. endurance of severe affiction. The deer endureth the womb but eight months.
The soul with knowledKe doth herself endue. Patience likewise hath two parts, hardness against wants Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err.
Sir J. Daciee, ImmortaL of Soul, XT.
and extremities, and indurance of pain or torment. = Syn. 4. To brook, submit to, abide, tolerate, take pa-
(en-dii'). v. t. ; pret. and pp. endued, ppr. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, IL 200.
endne^ tiently.
enduing. [Early mod. E. also endew : a variant The victory of endurance bom. n. intrans. If. To become hard harden. ;

Bryant, The Battle-field.

form of endow; partly confused with endue^, Alsike is made with barly, half mature
indue^.'] It. To furnish with dower: same as 3. Ability to endure ; power of bearing or suf- A party grene and uppon repes bounde
endow, 1. fering without giving way
capacity for con- ; And in an oven ybake and made to endure.
Paltadixts, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 163.
Returne from whence ye came, and rest a while,
tinuance under stress, hardship, or infliction
Till morrow next that I the Elfe subdew. as, to test the endurance of a brand of steel 2. To holdout; support adverse force or influ-
And with Sansfoyes dead dowrj- you endew. that is beyond endurance, or surpasses endur- ence of any kind suffer without yielding.
;
Spenser, F. Q., I. iv. 51.
ance. So that wee may seen apertely, that gif wee wil be gode
2t. Tofurnish with a permanent fund : same O, she misused me past the endurance of a block an ;
men, non enemye ne may not enduren agenst us.
as endow, 2. oak with but one green leaf on it would have answered Mandeville, Travels, p. 261.
her. Shak., Much Ado, ii. 1. He was so chaufed whan it was a-boute the houre of
There are a great numberof Grammer Schooles through-
ont the realme, and those verle Uberallie endued for the To push theeforward thro' a life of shocks. nooue that nothinge myght agein hym endure.
better relief of pore scholers. Dangers, anddeeds, until endurance grow Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 649.
Quoted in Babeet Book (E. E. T. 8.), p. IvUL Sinew'd with action. Tennyson, (Enone. A courage to endure and to obey. Tennyson, IsabeL
3. To invest with some gift, quality, or faculty 4t. Delay; procrastination. [Bare.] 3. To continue ; remain ; abide.
used especially of moral or spiritual gifts, and My lord, I look'd Fre am
now, and fre I wil endure.
I
thus partially differentiated from endow, 3. You would have given me your petition, that Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 62.
should have ta'eu some pains to bring together
I
God may endue men extraordinarily with understand- Yourself and your accusers and to have heard you
;
Nowe schalle thou, lady, belde with me.
ing as it pltaseth him. Uooker, Eccles. Polity, t. 7. Without etuiurance further. Shak., Hen. VIII., v. 1. In bllsse that sch^l euere in-dowre.
York Plays, p. 495.
LeariiiiiK endueth men's minds with a true sense of the (The meaning of the word in the above extract has been
frailty of tlieir persons. disputed, some tliinking it equivalent to durance, con- Some would keep the boat, doubting they might be
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. 32. jtnetnenl; others, to«u/iprt?i^.J=Syil. 2 and 3. Fotiitude, amongst the Indians, others were so wet and cold they
etc. (see patience) permanence, persistence, continuance, could not endure, but got on shore.
Nature was nerer more lavish of its gifts than it had N. Morton, New England's Memorial, p. 47.
;

suffering, sutTerance, tolerance.

been to her, endued as she was with the most exalted un-
Ooldtmith, The Bee, No. 3. endorant (en-dur'ant), a. [< F. endurant, ppr. of Fresh be the wound, still-renew'd be its smarting.
derstanding.
eiidurer, see endure.] Enduring; able
endure :
So but thy image endure in its prime
=S7n. Undue, Endow. Endue is used of moral and
3. M. Arnold, Faded Leaves, Separation.
spiritual <|ualitlea, viewed as given rather than acquired
to bear fatigue, pain, or the like. [Rare.]
eiiduv, uf the body, external things, and mental gifts. (See further increased by the
4. To continue to exist ; continue or remain in
The difficulty of the chase is
aaiuireinent.) An institution or a professorship is richly fact that the Il>ex is a remarkably endurarU animal, and
the same state without perishing; last; per-
or fully endorwed ; a person is endowed with beanty or in- is capable of abstaining from food or water for a consider- sist.
tellect ; be is endued with virtue or piety. able time. J. G. Woo<l.
The Lord shall endure for ever. Ps. ix. 7.
Tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem until ye be endued endnre (en-diir'), v.; pret. and pp. endured,
with power from on high. Luke xxiv. 49. The Indian fig, which covers acres with its profound
ppr. enduring. [Early mod. E. also indure; < shadow, and endures while nations and empires come and
Pandora, whom the gods
ME. enduren, endeuren, induren, indowren, tr. go around its vast circumference.
Endow'd with all their gif U. Huxley, Lay Sennons, p. 121.
Milton, V. L., Iv. 715. bear, suffer, intr. last, continue (tr. also as in
(en-du'), » '• [Early mod. E. also en-
L., make hard), < OF. endurer, F. endurer = = Syn. To last, remain, continue, abide, bear, suffer, hold
endne^ Pr. 8p. OPg. endurar =
It. indurare, indurire,
out.
dew; < OF. enduire, induire, indurc, bring in, endurementt (en-dur'ment), ». [< OF. endnre-
tr., bear, < L. indurare, tr. make hard, intr.
introduce, cover, digest, F. enduire Pr. en- = become hard, ML. bear, endure, < in, in, -1-
vient= It. induranietito,'indurimento; as endure
duire, endurre, cover, coat, < L. inducere, bring
durare, make hard, become hard, last, etc., <
+ -nient.] Endurance.
in or on, lead in : see induce. ] To digest : said Certainly these examples [Eegulus and Socrates] should
durus, hard: see dure.] I. trans. If. To make
especially of birds. make us courageous in the endurement of all worldly mis-
hard; harden; inure. ery, if not out of religion, yet at least out of shame.
Tis somewhat touch, sir, SotUA, Works, VIIL ix.
llierfore of whom God wole he hath mercy, and whom
But a good stomach will endue It easily.
be wole he endurilh. Wycltf, Rom. ix. 18. One who endures,
Fletcher, Spanish Curate, T. 2. endurer (en-diir'fer), n. 1.
That age despysed nicenesse value, bears, sniffers, or sustains.
Cheese that would break the teeth of a new hand-saw Enur'd to harduesse and to homely fare.
I could endue now like an estrich. They are very valiaunte and hardye, for the most part
Fletcher (and another). Love's Pilgrimage, ti. 2.
Which them to warlike discipline did trayne.
And manly limbs endur'd with little care great enduroursoi cold, labour, hunger, and all hardiness.
Endew iswhen a Hawk digesteth her meat, not only Against all hard mishaps and fortunelesse misfare. Spenser, State of Ireland.
putting over from ber gorge, but also cleansing her Spender, F. Q., IV. viii. 27.
it
2. One who or that which continues long, or re-
panneji, 2t. To preserve ; keep. mains firm or without change.
LiUham't Fauleonry (Explan. of Words of Art), 1668.
Somer wol it (wine) soure and so confounde. enduring (en-diir'ing), p. a. [Ppr. of endure,
enduement (en-du'ment), \Alao induement n. And winter wol erulure and kepe It longe. f.] Lasting; permanent; unchangeable: as,
< endued, =
indue'^, + "-ment.] The act of endu- Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 90.
an enduring habitation.
ing or inyesting, or that with which one is en- 3. To last or hold out against ; sustain without Ah, vain
dued endowments
: impairment or yielding support without break-
; My yearning for enduring bliss of days
enduginet, n. [See dudgeon'^.'] Resentment; ing or giving way. Amidst the dull world's hopeless, huiTying race.
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 340.
duiltrcon. After that the kynge Pignoras smote in to the stour
It is now known that the colouring principle of the My-
Which shee often perceiving, and taking In great endu- with his swerde in honde, and be-gan to yeve socbe strokes
tilus is so enduring that it is preserved when the shell
aine, roundly told him that Ifhee used so continually to that noon armure hym myght endure.
Jf»rJm(E. E. T. S.), ilL 589. itself is completely disintegrated.
KK>k after her, shee would clappe such a paire of homes Dancin, Geol. Observations, 11. 209.
uiK.ii his hiad. OraHee Ludentet (l<38)b p. 11& Tis in grain, sir: 'twill endure wind and weather.
Shak., T. N., 5.
Can I have any absolute certainty that what seem to me
endnngeont) f- (• To confine in a dungeon. i.
to be the feelings of an enduring " me "may not really be
Thou canst fight well and bravely ;
those of something utterly unknown ?
Were we endunaeon'd from oar birth, yet wee Tbou canst endure all dangers, heats, colds, hungers. Mivart, Nature and Thought, p. 25.
Would weene there were a sunne. Fletcher, Valentinian, iv. 4.
Dame$, Minim in Modnm, p. 26.
endnring (en-dur'ing), prep. [ME. enduryng;
Both were of shining steel, and wrought so pure.
endurability (en-dur-a-bil'j-ti), n. [< endur- As might the strokes of two such anns endure. ppr. of endure, v., used like during, prep.'\ Dur-
able: see -fei/ify.] The quality of being endur- Dryden. ing. [Old Eng., and local U. S.]
able ; capability of being endured. 4. To bear with patience ; bear up under with- Ther to warde and kepe hir faders tresoure
They use this irritation (of the eye) as a test of the en- out sinking or yielding, or without murmuring Enduryng hir life.

durabUUy of the atmosphere within the chamber. Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 4629.
or opposition put up with.
;
B. W. kichardton, PrevenL Med., p. 336. adv. Lastingly for
We shalbe able to brooke that which other men can in- enduringly (en-dur'ing-li), ;

endurable (en-dur'a-bl), [< F. endurable, <

a. dure. llakluyt's Voyages, I. ill. all time.
(«(/ /(rrr, endure: see endure and -aMe.] 1. That Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sakes. Already at the end of the flrst Punic war some eminent
can be endured or suffered ; not beyond endur- 2 Tim. 11. 10. Romans were in their full manhood, whose names are en-
ance. Neither father nor son can ever since endure the sight duringly associated with the events of the second.
Steele, Tatler, No. 25.
Dr. Arnold, Hist. Rome, xlli.
of me.
Novelties which at sight Inspire dread and disgust,
flrst
become in a few days familiar, endurable, attractive. Square windows, round Ragusan windows, might well endnringness (en-dur'ing-nes), n. The quality
Maeaulay, Hist. Eng., ix. be erulured. B. A. Freeman, Venice, j). 253. of enduring; durability; permanence. II. Spen-
2. DuriiWo. [T.,ocal, Eng. and U. 8.] 6. To undergo ; suffer ; sustain. cer.
endurableness (pn-dur'a-bl-nes), n. The state If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with end'ways (end'waz), adv. [< ettd + -ways for
of being endurable ; tolerableness. sons. Heb. xli. 7. -wise.} Same as endwise.
 : :; ;:

endwise 1926 energy

endwise (end'wiz), a<U: [< end + -wise.'] 1. I say unto you, Love your enemiet. Mat. v. 44. energic [Formerly energick ; <
(e-n^r'jik), a.
Oueud; erectly; in an upright position. It [the rhinoceros] is enemie to the Elephant. F. cnergique Sp. energico = Pg. It. energico =
Pitiful huts and cabins made of t>oles set endwUt.
I'urchas, Pilgrimage, p. 503. (cf. D. G. energisch =
Dan. Sw. energisk), < Gr.
Ray, Works of Creation. An enemy to truth and knowledge. Locke. tKEpydf, at work, active see energy.] 1. Ener- :

2. With the end forward or upward as, to pre- Specifically —

2. An opposing military force. getic; endowed with or manifesting energy,
sent or hold a staff endwise.
:

See the enemy, below. 3. A foreign state which — [liare.]

is in a condition of open hostility to the state Arise, as in that elder time.
endyma (en'di-mS), «. [NL. (Wilder), < Gr. Warm, energick, chaste, sublime
ivSvfta, a Karment, < iv6vuv, put on, get into in relation to which the former is regarded, or I

see endue\ indue^.] Same as ependyma. a subject of such a state. 4. That which is in- — The Passions.
To me hath Heaven with bounteous hand assigned
Collins,

imical anything that is hurtful or dangerous

;
anergic Keason and a shaping mind.
All parts of the true cavities of the vertebrate brain are
linetl by a smooth epithelium called ependyma or endyma, as, strong drink is one of man's worst enemies; Coleridge, On a Friend.
the sliorter name being preferalde. a bad conscience is an enemy to peace. 2. In 2)ltysics, exhibiting energy or force ; pro-
Wilder and Gaffe, Anat. Tech., p. 413.
I am sure care's jvn enemy to life. Shak., T. N., 3. i. ducing direct physical effect; acting; operat-
endymal (en'di-mal), a. [< endyma + -al."]
Alien enemy, a natural-born subject of a sovereign state ing : as, heat is an energic agent.
Same as ependymal. which is actually at war with the state in relation to which energical (e-n6r'ji-kal), a. [< energic -al.] +
EndjTnion [NL., < L. En-
(oti-dim'i-on), n. such person is regarded. —
Public enemy, king's ene- Same as energic.
dymiun, < Gr. 't&vdviiiuv, in myth, a son of Jupi- niy. Queen's enemy, an enemy with whom the state is
ter and Calyce, beloved by Selene.] 1. In en-
at open war, including pirates on the high seas. The —
The learned and moderate of the reformed churches
enemy, (a) Mint., the opixising force used as a collec- abhor the foppery of such conceits, and confess our polity
:

iom., a genus of butterflies, named by Swain- tive noun, and construed with a verb or pronoun either in to be productive of more energical and powerful preacii-
son in 1832. Its only species, E. regalis, is now the singular or plural. ers than any church in Europe.

placed in the genus Evenus. 2. genus of — A The enemy thinks of raising threescore thousand men
for the next summer.
Waterhotise, Apol. for Learning (1653), p. 85.
Addieon, State of the War.
crustaceans. energico (e-ner'je-ko),a. [It. : see energic] In
endysis (en'di-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. kvivaig, a We have met the enemy, and they are ours. music, energetic: indicating a passage to be
putting on (of clothing), an entering into, < h- Com. O. H. Perry (m despatch announcingthe battle rendered with strong articulation and accentu-
[of Lake Erie, Sept. 10th, 1813).
dveiv, put on, get into see endyma.'] In ornith.,
:
ation.
the acquisition of plumage by a bird ; the act (b)The adversary of manicind the devil Satan, ; ; (c)
energize (en'6r-jiz), v. pret. and pp. energized,
Time as, how goes the enemy ? ( = what o'clock is it?)
: ; to
;

of putting on plumage opposed to ecdysis.

: kill the enemy. [Slang.]
ppr. energizing. [< energy -f -ize.] I. trans.
eneH, adv. An obsolete contraction of ere»l. "How goes the enemy, Snobb?" asked Sir Mulberry
To endow with energy impart ; active force or
ene-t, n. An obsolete contraction of even"^. Hawk. *'Four minutes gone." strength to make vigorous.
;

E. N. E. An abbreviation of east-northeast. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, xix. First comes, of course, the creation of matter, its cha-
-ene. [< L. -enns (Gr. -rivoc), an adj. term, as =Syn. AntagoniM, Opponent, etc. See adversary. otic or nebulous condition, and the energizing of it by the
brooding spirit. Science, III. 600.
in serenus, serene, terrenus, terrene, etc. Cf. II, a. H. Inimical hostile opposed. ; ;

-anus (E. -an), -inus (E. -ine, -in), -onus (E. -one), They every day grow more enemy to God.
. . .
II. intrans. To act with energy or force op- ;

etc.] 1. An adjective termination of Latin Jer. Taylor. erate with vigor; act in producing an effect.
origin, as in serene, terrene. —
2. In chem., a 2. In international law, belonging to a public Those nobler ecstasies of energizing love, of which flesh
termination indicating a hydrocarbon which enemy; belonging to a hostile power or to any and blood, the animal part of us, can no more partake than
it can inherit heaven. Horsley, Works, III. xxv.
belongs to the oleftne series, having the gen- of its subjects as, enemy property. :

eral formula C„H2„: as, ethylene (C2H4), pro-
pylene (CgHfi).
enecatet (en e-kat), V. t. [< L. enecatus (also enemylf, *•
Enemy ship does not make enemy goods. Also spelled energise.
i'ncyc. Brit., XIII. 195. energizer (en'6r-ji-zer), n. One who or that
which gives energy, or acts in producing an
[ME. enemyen, < OF. enemier, effect. Also spelled energiser.
t'-

enectus), pp. of enecare, enicare, kill off, < e, out, ennemier, < L. inimicare, make hostile, < inimi-
+ necare, kill.] To wear out exhaust kill off.
; ;
cus, hostile, an enemy
Every energy is necessarily situate between two sub-
see enemy^, n.] To be stantives an energizer, which is active, and a subject,
:
:
Some plagues partalte of sucli a pernicious degree of hostile. Wyclif. wliich is passive. Harris, Hermes, i. 9.
malignity that, in the manner of a most presentaneous
(en'e-mi), «. A dialectal corruption of
poison, they enecate in two or tliree hours, suddenly cor- enemy^ energumen (en-6r-gu'men), n. [= F. energu-
rupting or extinguishing the vital spirits. anemone. = =
mene Sp. energiimeno Pg. It. energumeno,
Harvey, The Plague. Doon i' the woild' enemies. < L. energumenus, < Gr. ivEpyov/xevoc, ppr. pass,
en 6chelle (on a-shel'). [I*.: en, in; cchelle, Tennyson, Northern Fanner (0. S.).
of hcpytiv, effect, execute, work on see ener- :

ladder.] Arranged in horizontal bars, like enemy^, «. A

dialectal (Scotch) corruption of getic, energy.] One possessed by an evil spirit
those of a ladder, as trimmings of any kind emmet. a demoniac, in the early church the energumeus were
upon a garment, or any other ladder-like for- enemy-chit (en'e -mi-chit), n. The female of officially recognized as a separate class, to be benefited
mation. tlie stickleback. [Local, Eng.] spiritually and mentally by special prayer for them, fre-
(juent benediction, and daily imposition of the exorcist's
enecia (f-ne'shi-S,), n. [NL., < Gr. iivcKyc, bear- enem3rtet, »». An obsolete form of enmity. hands.
ing onward, far-stretching, continuous, earlier enepidermic (en-ep-i-dfer'mik), a. [< Gr. h, There have been also some unhappy sectaries, viz.
only in comp. Sirp/cKij^, etc., continuous, < 6iTivey- in, -I- NL. epidermis + -ic] In med., upon the Quakers and Seekers, and other such Energumens (pardon
Kclv, iiTeg. 2d aor. associated with 6ia<fiepeiv, car- surface of the skin used of the treatment of me, reader, that I have thought them so), which have
:

ry through or to the end, < did, through, + i/vey- diseases by applying remedies, as plasters, given uggly disturbances to these good spirited men in
their temple-work. C. Mather, Mag. Chris., i. 3.
Keiti (-y/ *evcK, *cve-yK), associated with ipepecv =
blisters, etc., to the skin.
E. 6earl.] A
continued fever. enerdt, ^. *. [ME. enerden, < en- + erden,X AS. The Catechumens, Energumens, and Penitents, says S.
Dionysius, are allowed to hear the holy modulation of
enedt, «. [ME., also ende, < AS. ened, a duck: eardian, dwell, < eard, country see eard.] To Psalms, and the Divine recitation of sacred Scripture, but :

see rfrafccl.] A
duck. dwell; live. the Church invites them not to behold the sacred works
enema ( en'e-ma or e-ne'ma), n. [NL., < Gr. Ofte faght that freike & folke of the Cit^, and mysteries that follow.
eve/ia, an injection, clyster, i htcvat, inject, send With Enmys enerdande In ylis ahoute. J. M. Neale, Eastern Church, i. 208.
Destruction 0/ Troy (E. E. T. S.), L 12867.
in, < iv, in, + ievai, send.] 1. PI. enemata (e- energy (en'6r-ji), n. pi. energies (-jiz). [= D. ;

nem'a-ta). In med., a quantity of fluid injected energetic (en-er-jet'ik), a. [< Gr. ivepyrrriKoi;, G. energie Dan. Sw. energi, < F. Anergic Sp. = =
into the rectum ; a clyster; an injection. active, < cvcpydv, be in action, operate, tr. ef- energia Pg. It. energia, < LL. energia, < Gr. =
41 any adhere to the old plan and still use enemata of food
fect, < hepydc, at work, active see energy.] hcpyeia, action, operation, actuality, < hvtpyij^,
:

(an<l stimulants) not specially prepared, such as ordinary Possessing, exerting, or manifesting energy; active, eft'ective, later form of ivepyd^, at work,
milk, beef-tea, and brandy. J&ur. Ment. ScL, XXX. 22. specifically, acting or operating with force and active, etc., < h, in, + epyov E. work.] 1. =
2. [cap.] In entom.., a genus of scarabaaoid vigor; powerful in action or effect; forcible; The actual exertion of power power exerted ;

beetles, founded by Hope in 1837. There are vigorous as, an energetic man or government : strength in action vigorous operation. ;

about 6 Mexican and North American species. energetic measures, laws, or medicines. Tlie world was compact, and held together by its own
enemiablet, a. [ME. enemyable, enmmble, < OF. If then we will conceive of God truly, and, as far as we bulk and energy. Bacon, Physical Fables, i., Expl.
enemiable, ennemiable, anemiable, < ML. 'inimi- can, adequately, we must look upon him not only as an There is no part of matter that does ever, by its sensible
eternal, but also as a being eternally energetick. qualities, discover any power or energy, or give us ground
edbilis (in adv. inimicabiliter), unfriendly, hos-
'N. Grew, Cosmologia Sacra, i. 1. to imagine that it could produce anything.
tile, < L. in- priv. + amicabilis, friendly, ami-
Nitric acid of 40° is too eneryetic and costly. Hume, Human Understanding, i. § 7.
cable: see amicable, and cf. enemy^.] Hostile; W. H. WahZ, Galvanoplastic Manipulations, p. 34. The last series of cognate terms are act, operation, ener-
inimical.
The most energetic element in contemporary socialism gy. They are all mutually convertible, as all denoting
A hure he made agea the enmyable [var. eneviyable] is political rather than economical. "the present exertion or exercise of a power, a faculty, or
folc. Wydi/, Ecclus. xlvl. 7 (Oxf.). liae, Contemp. Socialism, p. 106. a habit. Sir W. Hamilton, ^letaphysics, vii.

enemityt, n. .An obsolete form of enmity. = Syn. strenuous, assiduous, potent. We must exercise our own minds with concentrated and
enemy' (en'e-mi), n. and a. [Early mod. E. energetical (en-er-jet'i-kal), a. [< energetic + continuous energy. Channing, Perfect Life, p. 19.

also enemie; < ME. enemy, enemy e, often synco- -al.] Same as energetic. [Rare.] My desire, like all strongest hopes,
By its own energy fulfill'd itself.
pated enwitf (cf. enmity), < OP. enemi, anemi, F. He would do veneration to that person whose name he Tennyson, Gardener's Daughter.
ennemi =
Pr. enemie =
Sp. enemigo =
Pg. ini- saw to be energetical and triumphant over devils.
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836), I. 270. 2. Activity considered as a characteristic ha-
migo = It.
nemico, < L. inimicus, an enemy, lit.
bitual putting forth of power or strength, phys-
;

an unfriend, < in- priv., E. «n-l, + amicus, energetically (en-fer-jet'i-kal-i), adv. With
= ical or mental, or readiness to exert it.
a friend: see amiable, amicable, amity. Cf. in- force and vigor with energy and effect. ;

imical, inimicous.] I. n. pi. enemies (-miz). energeticalness (en-6r-jet'i-kal-nes), n. The Something of indescribable barbaric magnificence, spir-
; itualized into a grace of movement superior to the energy
1. One who opposes, antagonizes, or seeks to quality of being energetic; activity; vigor.
of the North and the extravagant fervor of the East.
inflict, or is willing to inflict, injury upon ano- Scott. Hotvells, Venetian Life, ii.

ther, from dislike, hatred, conflict of interests, energetics (en-6r-jet'iks), n. [PI. of energetic:
3. The exertion
of or capacity for a particular
or public policy, as in war; one who is hostile see -ics.] The science of the general laws of kind of force action or the power of acting in
;

or mimicjil. energy. any manner special ability or agency used of

; :

With my wyf, I wene, A science whose subjects are material bodies and physi- the active faculties or modes of action regard-
We schal yow wel acorde, cal phenomena in general, and which it is proposed to call
That watz your enmy kene. the science of energetics. ed severally, and often in the plural as, crea- :

Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. 8.), 1. 2406. Rankine, Proc. of Phil. Soc. of Glasgow, May 2, 1866. tive energy; the energies of mind and body.
 . ;

energy 1927 * enfeeblement

of reform reqult^eil all the energiet of his pow-
The work
erful mind, baclced by the royal authority.
frexott, Ferd. and Isa., u. 5.
4. In the Aristotelian philos., actuality;
reali-
zation existence the being no longer in germ
; wheel is an arrangement for transforming the energy of
;
or in posse, but in life or in esse opposed
to
when a cannon-ball is arrested by a target, some other ervating, or the state of being enervated; re-
form of energy, chiefly lieat, is produced in its place
duction or weakening of strength ; efEeminacy.
moreover, there is a definite numerical relation e.\ist-
This colour of meliority and pre-eminence is a sign of
ing between the energy expended and the heat which is
produced as its equivalent. (See equivalent.) A water- e}iervation and weakness.
Bac<m, Colours of Good and Evil.
This day of shameful bodily enervation, when, from one
water into some other form of mechanical enel^, as for
:
sawing wood or grinding corn a steam-engine is used to end o( life to the other, such multitudes never taste the
;

power, potency, or potentiality. Thus, Jirst enerriy is transform the potential chemical energy of coal or wood sweet weariness that follows accustomed toil.
exercise
tte stote of acquired habit secoiul eneryy, the ;
and oxygen of the air into mechanical energy, as in a mill Hawthorne, Biithedale Romance, x.
of a habit : one when he has learned to
sing is a singer m and in a voltaic battery the potential energy of the zinc p^prtrativp (p-npr'va-tiv or en'fer-va-tivl. a. \<.
ftrH energy; when he is singing, he is a singer in second and acid is transformed into the energy of an electric cur- ®?®'."*?3™ ''V. ^ irf." _° _.„„: ™„\„i";„i„
energy. See oct.
^ „ . • rent, and this in turn may be transformed into liglit and enervate -ice.'] +
Efaving power or a tendency
6. A fact of acting or actually being. heat, or mechanical motion, or chemical separation (as in to enervate ; weakening. [Rare.]
All verbs that are strictly so called denote
energiet. electroplating). It is found, however, that in every trans- enervet (f-nerv'), v. t.
formation, while no energy Is absolutely lost, a consider-
[= D. enerveren 6. =
Harris, Hermes, 1. 9.
able portion is lost as useful or available energy, being
enerviren '= Dan. enervere Sw. enervera, < F. =
6. Inritet., the quality of awakening the
imagi- transformed into useless heat further, it can be shown cnerver
;
Sp. Pg. enervar = It. enervare, < L. =
that the process which is continually going on is a change enervarc, take out the nerves or sinews, < ener-
nation of the reader or hearer, and bringing the from a higher type of energy to a lower, as from heat at vis, enervus, without nerves or sinews, < e, out,
meauing of what is said home to him ; liveliness. a high temperature to heat at a lower —
that \&, a degra-
+
nervus, nerve, sinew: see nerve. Cf. ener-
dation or itittsipation of energy. If the change were to
Who did ever, in French authors, see
go on until all bodies were at the same temperature, vate.'] To weaken; enervate.
The comprehensive English energy >
Rotcainmon, On Translated Verse. then no work of any kind would be possible. The prin- Such object hath the power to soften and tame
cipal stores of energy on the earth, available for the pur- Severest temper, smoothe the rugged'st brow,
Waller was smooth ; but Drjden taught to join poses necessary to human life and comfort, are (a) the Bnerve ... at will the manliest, resolutest breast.
:

The varying verse, the full resounding line.
The long majestic march, and energy divine.
Pope, Imit of Horace,
7. In physics : (a) Half the sum of the masses
of the particles of a system each multiplied
by the square of its velocity; half the vis viva.
See vis vita. This sense, introduced by Dr. Thomas
Young is now obsolete. It gave rise to the following,
which was introduced about 1860 liy .Sir William Thom-
son, and is now widely current. (6) Half the great-
est value to which the sum of the masses of all
the particles of a given system each multiplied
by the square of its velocity, could attain ex-
cept for friction, viscosity, and other forces de-
pendent on the velocities of the particles; oth-
energy of coal, wood, oil, and other combustibles; (6) of Milton, P. R., li. 165.
water In motion, or in an elevated position (c)of air In ;
Age has enerv'd her charms so much.
II. i. 269. motion, as the wind (d) the muscular energy orftnim.ils. approach.
:
That fearless all her eyes
To these might be added the energy of direct solar raiiia-
Dorset, Antiquated Coquet.
tion, the energy of the tides, and some others of less Im-
portance. The source of all these forms of energy, except enerVOSe (e-nfer'vos), a. [< U. enervts, enervUS,
that of the tides. Is to be found In the radiant energy <>( ^-ithout nerves or sinews (see enerve), -1- -ose.]
the sun.— Energy of recoil, the capacity for work which a
body has uiKm a recoil, as a gun when fired.— Energy Of
In bot., without nerves or veins: applied to
rotation or translation, the capacity of a body for do- leaves.
ing work in virtue of its motion of rotation or translation. enervous (e-nfer'vus), a. [< L. enervts, enervus,
See mo( ion.— Extensive energy, the number of dllferent without nerves or sinews (see enerve), -ous. +
cooperating powers whlcli enter into a mental state. The force ; weak ; powerless.
phr.ise Is also applied to a kind of elasticity. Radiant Ct.enervose.] Without
—
energy, that form of energy which is emitted by a hot [Rare.]
l,ody and which Is propagated by undulations In tlie lu- They thought their whole party safe ensconced behind
miniferous ether at a rate of about 186,000 miles per sec- the sheriffs of London and Middlesex, with their partisans
ond, as the energy sent out by a stove, by the electric arc- of ignoramus and that the law was enermus as to them.
;

light, or by the sun. Every body sends out radiant energy, Stale Trials, Stephen College, an. 1681.
erwise, the amount of work (see tcork) which a
given system could perform were it not for re- ';r^ri:.^r^^'^T^'^:.°^nl'J^^f^ZT.^^^^ a^r. Middle EngUsh form of once »
enest, a
sistance dependent on the velocities. The law of are added others of shorter and shorter wave-length, eneucll, enSUgh (e-nueh ), a., n.,
and adv.
a>

energy is precbely the principle tliat tliese two deflnitlons When the temperature of a solid body is raised to about Scotch forms of enough.
are equivalent. This law applies solely to forces depen- 800- C. It begins to be luminous- that U, to radiate rays jj^ ^^^^ ^^ ,^^^ eneiich may soundly sleep,
dent alone on the relative positions of particles that — of red light —and as it grows hotter it emits rays corre- ,j,^j, q ,;r(.o„,e o„iy fashes folk to keep. Ramsay.
is,to attractions, repulsions, and their resultants. It is sponding to the successive colors of the spectrum. AtlbOO ,,.,-,, t. ,• i e ^
Middle English form ofc mfamy. A
j,
shown mathematically that, taking any two level or ecjui-
which a particle
cVit becomes white hot —
that is, radiates all the rays of enfamet, n.
puteiitial surfaces (see e<iuipotential) the spectrum. That portion of radiant energy which is Teittament of Love.
might traverse in its motion, the difference of the squares Inaipable of affecting the eye Is g.MuralI.y spoken of as
of iu velociUe* as it passed through them would be the famiUe (on fa-mely'). [F. : en, in ; famille,
radiant A^iK, In distinction from ra./irtiK /i./'if. heeheat, "r,,.!;!;)^!
same no matter from what point of space it started, nor l.!7A«, fj)atru.n.-TheUwof theconservaUonofen- [annly.J With one s fnmilv-
With nnn'a tamily, flompsticallv
aomesncaiiy, at at.

what might he the direction and velocity of its Initial mo- ergy or of force, the law that, fundamentally speaking, home.
tion. Thiu, the square of the velocity at any instant could there are no forces in nature to which the law of energy Deluded mortals whom the great
be deduced fnjm that at any other by simply adding or does not apply the principle that the total energy of the
; Choose for companions tete-iit«te,
subtracting a quantity dependent merely on the positions universe Is constant, no energy being created or destroyed Who at their dinners cn/amiMe
at these instants. In like manner, if a number of parti- In any of the processes of nature, every gain or loss In one Get leave to sit where'er you will. Swift.
cles were moving about, subject to mutual attractions and
repulsions. It is shown in dynamics that if to the sum of l2r.°oVhrrTrS?^rS,''s'"li^rrrlZ.^T/»J.) enfaminet.__.,___ [ME enfan,ynenenj^nnme,i;<
the roaaes,each multiplied l>y the square of its velocity, This is the great fundamental principle of modem physics en-l +
famine.] I. trans. To make hungry;
be added a certain quantity dependent only on the posi- it wa* perbsp* first enunciated by K. F. )tohr in 1837, famish.
tions of the particles at that instant, this last sum would though several physicists were Independently led to Its To become hungry famish.
II. intrans. ;
n-main constant throughout the motion. Of these quan- discovery. Those uniformities of nature which present
tities, iialf the mass of a particle into the s<iuare of its
His folke forpyned
phenomena of irreversible actions— such as friction and
velocity is termed its aelual energy, or energy of nwtion other resistances, the conduction of heat and the phenom- Of werynesse, and also enfamymd.
— that Is, iU kinetie activity ; while the quantity to be ena of the second law of tlierraodynamics in general,
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 2429.
added to the sum of the actual energy in order to obtain a ciiemi'cai' reactions, the growth and' developmenl^ of or- enfamisht (en-fam'ish), V. t. [< en-'^ -i- famish.]
consUnt sum is termed ttie potential energy— ttuit Is, the ganlc forms, etc.— cannot, according to this doctrine, re- ,„ f„,„i-i,^
latent or slumbering activity, or energy of fOtUian ; the suit from the lawsof force alone, but are to be account-
i" lamisu. ...
constant sum being tenned the lotal energy. The corre-
f„,.. ;. <y Ol .enfarcir,
[Also %nfaree ^r.fnr^ir <
<. nw
ed as .UtUtical uniformities, due to vast numbers of for- enfaicet, »• '•

s|»>n<iing general principle of physic* that the total en- b tultously moving molecules. =8yn. 2. Activity, Intensity, Jj,infarcire, infercire, stuff into, stuff, < »», in,
ergy of tlie physical iiiiivene is constant; this is the prin- push, stir, zeal. -f fareire, stuff: see en-1 and/arcc, v.] To fill;
ciple of the per'itience or eonmnation qf energy. (See be- pret.
low.) Etamples of actual energy are the energy of sensi-
enervate (e-nfer'vat or en'6r-vat), t;. t. ;
^^^q_
ble motion as in a moving cannon-ball, of sound-waves, of and pp. enervated, ppr. enervating. [< L. ener- ^^^ ^jj,j ,,^11158, but with souls, replenished and en-
heat of |»tential energy, the energy of position of a weight
; ratus, pp. of enervare, deprive of nerves or /arcfd with celestial meat. Baun, Potation for Lent, 1. 91.
raised alwve the earth, of elasticity as in a bent bow, of sinews, weaken : see enerve.] 1 . To deprive of enfauncet. ". A Middle English form of infancy.
electricity, chemical combination, etc. Potential or po-
nerve, force, or strength weaken ^ renderfee- gjjfauntt, "-
; Middle English form of infant. A
sitional energy and actual or kinetic energy are In in-
cessant Interconverslon ; for positional energy implies ble: as, idleness and voluptuous indulgences Heefaunl.
force, or a t»-n'lency to motion, as much as kinetic energy enerrate the body. enfavort, enfavourt, v. t. [< e«-i favor, fa- +
impliw motion or change of position. Thus, in the case For great empires, while they stand, do enervate and de- vour.]
of a »wiiicing pendulum, the actual energy is null at the
To favor.
stroy the forces of the natives which they have subdued, any shall enfavour me so far as to convince me of any
tuniioL; i«iinU at the extremities of the swing, while the If
resting upon their o»ne protecting forces.
shall in the second edition . return
IM>teiiti;iI energy is at its minimum when the center of error therein, I . .

Bacon, Vicissitude of Things.

gravity \A lowest; anif the oscillation, but for resistances him both my thanks and amendment.
(as trillion), would continue forever. Another e<|uivalent who are bred like Fuller, Pisgah Sight, I.
Sheepish softness often enervatet those
version of the law of energy is as follows: Suppose a sys- fondlings at home. Locke.
enfeart, f t. [< en-l /eari.] To alarm put
. + ;

tem of bodies were moving under the influence of those

It U the tendency of a tropical climate to enervate a peo- in fear.
positional forces to which the law exclusively applies, and
ple, and thus fit them to become the subjects of a despot- But now a woman's look his hart enfeares.
snppoM that at any one instant all the particles were to Everett, Orations, p. 11.
strike aqoarely against elastic surfaces so as to have the
iinL T. Hudson, tr. of Du Bartas's Judith, v. 38.
directions of their motion* revened, but their velocities 2. Figuratively, to deprive of force or applica- enfectt, v. t. An obsolete variant of infect.
olhenrise unaltered; then the whole aeries of motions
would be performed backward, so that the particles would bility; render ineffective; refute. enfeeble (en-fe'bl), v. t.; pret. and pp. enfee-
again pass through the same positions they had already Quoth he, it stands me much upon bled, ppr. enfeebling. [Formerly also infeeble ;
paaaed through, and in the same intervals of time, but in T' enervate this objection. < ME. enfeblen, < OF. enfeblir, enfebleir, enfieblir,
the reverse order. Thus, a squarely rebounding cannon- S. Butler, Hudibras, II. i. 706.
cnfoiblir (= Pr. enfeblir) (cf OF. Pr. afeblir), en- .

ball in vai'uo would move backward over the same trajec-

tor)', and with tlie same velocities, as In its forward motion, 3. To cut the nerves of: as, to enervate a horse. feeble, < en- -1- feble, feeble : see e«-l and fee-
plunging inU) the mouth of the cannon again with exactly =8yn. 1. To enfeeble, unnerve, debilitate, paralyze, un- ble.] To make feeble ; deprive of strength ; re-
the velocity with which It had issued. string, relax. duce the strength or force of ; weaken ; debili-
luminous or nonluminous, is enervate (e-n6r'vat or en'6r-vat), a. [< L. ener- tate ; enervate : as, intemperance enfeebles the
The heat which any ray,
competent to generate is the true meaanre of the energy vatus, pp.:' see the verb.] Weakened; weak; body; long wars enfeeble a state.
of the ray. TyndaU, Badtation, 1 9.
enervated. We by synne cnfcWen our feith.
,,,,„.
The quantity of energy can always be expressed as that
The soft enervate Lyre is drown'd Wyclif, Select Works (ed. Arnold), I. 94.

of a body of a definite mas* moving with a definite velocity. In the deep Organ's more majestick Sound.
Congreve, Hymn to Harmony. So much hath hell debased, and pain
Clerk Maxmtt, Matter and Motion, art. xcvli.
Enfeebled me, to what I was in heaven.
If we mnltiply momentum
of every particle of
half the Without these intervening storms of opposition to ex- Milton, P. L., ix. 488.

a b>Kly by iu velocity, and add all the result* together, we ercise his faculties, he would become enervate, negligent, Some . . . enfeeble their understandings by sordid and
shall get what in ailed the kinetic
r energy of the body. and presumptuous. Ooldsmith, National Concord. brutish tiusiness. Jer. Taylor, Holy Living.
«'. A'. Cllford, lectures, II. 29. = Syn. See under fnciMfe
enervation (en-^r-va'shon), n. [= F. Nerva- list

CJorrclation of energies or of forces, the transformahll- tion =

Sp. enervacion =
Pg. enerra^do It. = enfeeblement (en-fe'bl-ment), n. [< enfeeble
lt\ f energy Into another. Thus, for example,
enervazione, < LL. eHcrvatio(n-), < L. enervare, -f -ment.] The act of enfeebling, or the state
»l il energy disapiKars, as in friction when
enerve: see enerve, enervate.] The act of en- of being enfeebled ; enervation; weakness.
a r is stopped at a station, or In percussion
>
 ! .; ' ;; .

enfeebler • 1928 enforest

enfe«bler (en -fe' bier), H. One who or that enfilet (on-ni'), r. t. [< OF. ejifiler, F. enfiler, Which laws such case wo must obey, unless there be
in
which enfeebles or weakens. thread, string, rake (a trench), rake (a vessel), reason sheweii, wliith may necessarily enforce that the law
Baiie of every manly art,
Sweet enfeebler of the lieart
= = Pg. cnfiar = It. infilarr, < ML.
Sp. cnfitar of reason, or of Cod, doth enjoin the contrary.
Hooker, Eccles. Polity.
put on a thread, thread, string, < L. in,
O, too pleasing: is thy strain,
Hence, to southern climes a^ain.
infilare,
on, + jilum, a thread see file'i, n. and v.]
: To 9t. To force; violate; ravish. Chaucer. lOf. —
put on a thread thread ; string. Reflexively, to strain one's self; put forth one's
Philipn, To Signora Cuzzlno. ;
greatest exertion. Chaucer.
enfeeblisht (en-fe'blish), v. t. [< ME. enfc- Thei tanghtcn hym a lace to braied
And weue a purs, and to enfile Also the Cristene men enforcen hem, in alle maneres
hlishett, < OP. eiifebUss-, stem of certain parts of that tliei mowen, for to fighte, and for to desceyven that
A perle. Qower, Conf. Amant., vii.
cnfeblir, enfeeble : see enfeeble and -isA2.] To on that otlier. Mandeville, Travels, p. 137.
The common people of India make holes through them,
enfeeble. = Syn. 3. Extort., etc. See exact, v. t.
and so wear them enfiled as carkans and collars about
Who of his neiabore eny thing of thes askith to horwe, their neckes. Il.t intrans. 1. To grow strong; become
Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxxvii. «.
and it were er\feblished (var. /eblid\ or deed, the lord
not
present, he slial be compelled to seeld. enfiled (en-fild'), p. a. [Pp. of enfile, v.] In fierce or active ; increase.
Wycli/, Ex. itxii. 14 (Oxf.). her., transfixing and carrying any object, as the Whan Hervy saugh hym so delyuered, heliente the horse
enfeflft, «•• '. See enfeoff. head of a man or beast : said of a sword the and lepte vp lightly, and ran in to the presse that dide
sore encrese and eiiforse. Merlin (£. E. T. S.), ii. 330.
enfeffementt, ». See eiifeofment. blade of which transfixes the object,
enfellowshipt, «'. '. [ME. enfelaushippe (Halli- enflret (en-fir'), ti.i. [<en-i-(-^re.] To inflame; 2. To strive; exert one's self. Chaucer. 3. —
well); < cn-^ +feUoicship.'] To accompany. set on fire ; kindle. To make headway.
onfelont (eu-fel'on), V. t. [< e»-i +
felon.'\ To It glads him now to note how th' Orb of Flame
Whanne the schip was rauyschid and myghte not e»-
force aghens the wynd, whanne the schip was gheuun to
render fierce, cruel, or frantic. Which girts this Globe doth not enfire the Frame.
the blowingis of the w^id, we wereii bornn with cours into
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 7.
With that, like one enfelon'd or distraught. an yle that is clepid Cauda. Wydif, Acts xxvii. 15, lu.
She forth did rome whether her rage her bore. enfiamet, «. An obsolete variant of inflame.
enforcet (en-fors'), ». [< enforce, v. Prop.
SpeTlser, F. Q., V. viii. 48. enflesh (en-flesh'), 17. t
l< en-l +
fiesh.] If. To force.] Force; strength; power.
enfeoff (en-fef), "• <• [Formerly also infeoff; incorporate as with the flesh ; embody ; incar-
the spelling, as also in the simple /eo^, q. v., is nate. These shifts refuted, answer thy appellant,
Though l)y his blindness maini'd for high attempts,
artificial, after the ML. (Law L.) form infeof- Vices which are habituated, inbred, and enfleshed in Who now defies thee thrice to single fight,
fare, infeofare,feoffare; prop, spelled enfeff, < him. Florio, tr. of Montaigne's Essays, p. VS. As a petty enterprise of small enforce.
ME. enfeffen, < OP. enfeffer, enfeofer (ML. reflex 2. To clothe with flesh. [Rare.] MUton, S. A., 1. 1223.
infeoffare, infeofarc), < en- (L. in-) +
feffer, in- What though the skeletons have been articulated and enforceable, enforcible (en-for'sa-bl, -si-bl), a.
vest with a fief: see feoff, r.] 1. In law, to enfleshed ? G. D. Boardman, Creative Week, p. 67. Capable of being enforced.
give a feud to ; hence, to invest with a fee enfleurage (P. pron. ou-fl6-razh'), «. [P., < Grounded upon plain testimonies of .Scripture, and en-
give any corporeal hereditament to in fee sim- en-, < L. in-, +
fleur, < L. fios (flor-), flower; cf.
forcible by good reason. Barrow, Works, I. 71.
ple or fee tail. inflorescence.] The process of extracting deli- The public at large would have no enforceable right.
F. Pollock, Land Laws, p. 14.
Alsoe, that as often as it shall happen that seaven of cate perfumes from flowers by the agency of
the said ffeotfees dye, those seaven who shall be tlien
inodorous fats. enforcedly (en-for'sed-li), adv. By violence or
liveing shall enffeoge of the premisses certain other honest
men. English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 250. enfiowert (en-flou'6r), V. t. [Early mod. E. compulsion; not by choice. [Rare.]
"ffhe dispossessed Franks of Armenia and Palestine enflore; < en-1
. . .
flower.] +
To cover or bedeck If thou didst put this sour-cold haltit on
To castigate thy pride, 'twere well but thou
he enfeoffed with estates of land in Cyprus. with flowers. :

Dost it enforcedly; thou 'dst courtier be again.

Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 165. These odorous and enflowered fields Shak., T. of A., Iv. S.
Piguratively, to surrender or give up. Are none of thine no, here's Elysium.
2f. ;

D. Jonson, Case is Altered, v. 1. enforcement (en-fors'ment), «. [< OF. en-

The skipping king . . .
forcement,^ < enforcer, enforce : see enforce.] 1
Grew a companion to the common streets, enfold (en-fold'), V. t. See infold.
Enfeofd himself to popularity. The exercise of force ; compulsory or constrain-
enfoliatet (en-fo'li-at), v. t. See infoliate.
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., iii. 2. ing action; compulsion; coercion. [Archaic]
enforce (en-fors'), v. ; pret. and pp. enforced,
enfeofBnent (en-fef'ment), n. [< ME. enfeffe- ppr. enforcing. [Formerly also inforce ; < ME. Such a newe herte and lusty corage vnto the lawe warde
nicnt, < OP. enfeffemeni, < enfeffer, enfeoff: see canste thou neuer come by of thyne owne strength and
enforcen, enforsen, < OF. enforcer, cnforcier (P. enforcement, but by the operacion and workinge of the
enfeoff and -menW] In law : (a) The act of giv- enforcir), < ML. infortiare, strengthen, < in- spirite. J. Udall, Prol. to Romans.
ing the fee simple of an estate. (6) The in- +
fortiare, strengthen, < fortia (OF. force), At my enforcement shall the king unite
strument or deed by which one is invested with strength, force : see forced, and cf afforce, de- . Their nuptial hands. Glover, Athenaid, xx.
the fee of an estate, (c) The estate thus ob- force, efforce. Cf. effort.] I, trans. If. To in- Goddess hear these tuneless numbers, wrung
I

tained. crease tbe force or strength of ; make strong By sweet enforcement and remembrance dear.
For thee y ordeyned paradijs j strengthen; fortify. Keats, Ode to Psyche.
Ful riche was thin en/egement. That
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 163. Hur seemely cities too sorowen hem all, 2. which enforces, urges, or compels;
Enforced were the entres with egre men fele, constraining or impeUing power; efiicient mo-
enfermt, v. t. A
Middle English variant of That hee ne might in tliat marche no maner wende. tive ; impulse ; exigence. [Archaic]
affirm. Alisaunder of Macedoine (E. E. T. S.), I. 908.
Let gentleness my strong enforcement be.
enfertilet, v. t. [< en-i +
fertile.'] To fertilize And what there is of vengeance in a lion Shak., As you Like it, ii. 7.
Ilie rivers Dee Chaf'd among dogs or robb'd of his dear young,
. . and Done make way for themselves
. The Law enjoyns a Penalty as an enforcement to Obedi-
and ev/ertile the fields. The same, enforc'd more terrible, more mighty,
ence. Setden, Table-Talk, p. 60.
Holland, tr. of Camden's Britain, ii. 46. Expect from me. Beau, and PL, Philaster, v. S.
Rewards and punishments of another life, which the
enfetter (en-fet'er), V. t. [< en-'i- +
fetter.] To 2. To urge or impress with force or energy Almighty has established as the enforcements of his law.
fetter ; bind in fetters. make forcible, clear, or intelligible : as, to en- Locke.
His soul is so enfettefd to her love, force remarks or arguments. His assumption of our flesh to his divinity was an en-
That she may make, unmake, do what she list. This fable contains and enforces many just and serious forcement beyond all the methods of wisdom that were
ever made use of in the world. Hammond, Fundamentals.
Shak., Othello, ii. 3. considerations. Bacon, Physical I'ables, ii., Expl.
enfever (en-fe'v&r), v. t. [< cn-i +
fever, after 3. To gain or extort by force or compulsion
3. The act of enforcing; the act of giving force
F. enfUvrer.] To excite fever in. [Rare.] compel : as, to enforce obedience. or effect to, or of putting in force ; a forcing
In vain the purer stream upon the understanding or the will : as, the
Sometimes with lunatic bans, sometimes with prayers,
Courts him, as gently the green bank it laves. Enforce their charity. Shak., Lear, ii. 3.
enforcement of an argument by illustrations;
To blend the enfexxring draught with Its pellucid waves. enforcement of the laws by stringent measures.
Anna Seward, Sonnets. My business, urging on a present haste,
Enforcelh short reply. Ford, Lady's Trial, i. 1. —
Enforcement act, an act for enforcing the collection
enfiercet (en-fers'), v. t. [< e»-i +
fierce.'] To 4. To put or keep in force; compel obedience of the revenues of the United States, passed in 1833
after the nullification of the tariff act of 1832 by South
make fierce. to; cause to be executed or performed: as, to Carolina.
But more enfierced through his currish play. enforcer (en-f or'sfer), n. One who or that which
Him sternly grypt, and, hailing to and fro, enforce laws or rules.
To overthrow him strongly did assay. Law confines itself necessarily to such duties as can be compels, constrains, or urges ; one who effects
Spenser, F. Q., II. Iv. 8. enforced hy penalties. by violence ; one who carries into effect.
//. N. Oxenham, Short Studies, p. 31. Jnlio. Witli my soveraignes leave
enfilade (en-fi-lad'), n. [< F. enfilade, a suite of
I'll wed thee to this man, will he, inll he.
rooms, a string (as of phrases, etc.), a raking 5t. To discharge with force ; hurl ; throw. Phil. Pardon me, sir, I'll be no love enforcer:
fire, lit. a thread, < enfiler, thread, string, rake As swift as stones 1 use no power of mine unto those ends.
(a trench), rake (a vessel) : aeeenfile.] Milit.,a, Enforced from the old Assyrian slings. Fletcher (and Ilmcley), Maid in the Mill, v. 2.
Shak., Hen. V., iv. 7.
line or straight passage ; specifically, the situ- That is even now an Ineffective speaking to which grimace
ation of a place, or of a body of men, which may 6. To impel; constrain; force. [Archaic] and gesture ("action," as Demosthenes called them) are
For competence of life I will allow you, not added as enforcers. Whitney, Encyc. Brit., XVII. 767.
be raked with shot through its whole length.
That lack of means enforce you not to evil. enforcible, «. See enforceable.
enfilade (en-fi-lad'), v. t. ; pret. and pp. enfiladed, Shak., 2 Hen. IV., v. 5.
T^pr. enfilading. [< enfilade, n.] JSfaii., to pierce,
Through fortune's spight, that false did prove,
enforci'vet (en-fdr'siv), a. [< enforce +
-ire.]
scour, or rake with shot through the whole I am inforc'd from thee to part.
Serving or tending to enforce or constrain;
length, as a work or line of troops ; be in a The Merchants Daughter (Child's Ballads, IV. 329). compulsory.
position to attack (a military work or a line of Thou Shalt live, Cces. But might we not win Cato to our friendship

troops) in this manner. If any soul for thee sweet life will give. By honouring speeches, nor persuasive gifts ?
Enforced by none. Me. Not possible.
The Spaniards, carrying the tower, whose guns com- William Morris, Earthly Paradise, I. 318. Cces. Nor hy enforcive usa^ef
pletely enfiladed it, obtained possession of this important Chapmnn, Caisar and Pompey, i. 1.
pass into the beleaguered city. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa. i. 7. 7t. To press or urge, as with a charge.
enforcwelyt (en-for'siv-li), adv. By enforce-
,

While this was going on, Sherman was confronting a If he evade us there,
rebel battery which etMaded the road on which he was Enforce him with his envy to the people. ment; compulsorily. Marston.
marching. U. S. Grant, Personal Memoirs, I. 505. Shak., Cor., iii. 3. enforest (en-for'est), V. t. [Formerly also en-
A strong and well-constructed earth-work, which was so Now, when I come to inforce, as I will do, forrest; < OP. cnforester, < ML. inforestarc, con-
placed as to enfilade the narrow and difllcult channel for Your cares, your watchings, and your many prayers.
Your more than many gifts. B, Jonson, Volpone, i. 1. c«-t and
vert into forest, < in, in, +
foreata, forest: see
a mile below. J. Jt. Soley, Blockade and Cruisers, p. 210.
forest.] To turn into or lay under
Enfilading battery. See battery. 8t. To prove evince. ; forest; afforest.
 ! ! ; ! ! ;;

enforest 1929 engage

Henry the Vlllth en/orrested the grounds thereabouts, a manor
to the tenants, so as to convert such tenements one's friends in support of a cause; to engage
. . . thou>;h they never attained the full reputation of a into freeholds.
workmen ; to engage a carriage, or a supply of
iorrest In common discourse. enfranchiser (en-fran'ehi-z6r), n. en- One who provisions.
Fuller, Worthies, Middlesex. franchises.
I called at Melaw6 to complain of our treatment at
enfonnt (en-form'), V. t. An obsolete variant enfrayt, »». [A Middle English variant of af- Shekh Abad^, and see if I could engage him, as he had
of inform^. fray J^ An affray. nothing else to employ him, to pay a visit to my friends at
enforsootht, r. t. [ME. enfarsothen; < en-l + Let no man wyt that we war, that inhospitable place. Bruce, Source of the Nile, 1. 92.

forsooth. '\ To make true; rectify; reform. For ferdnes of a fowle enfray. He engaged seven [reindeer], which arrived the next
Y enfoTsothe me othir whilis. Towneley Mysteries, p. 179. evening, in the charge of a tall, handsome Finn, who was
And thinke y wolde lyue a trewe lijf. +/ree.] To to be our conductor. B. Taylor, Northern Travel, p. 109.
enfreet (en-fre'), t». «. [< en-i set
PoliticalPoenu, etc. (ed. Fumivall), p. 183.
free ; release from captivity. 4. To gain win and attach draw;
; ; attract and
enfortt (en-fort'), « t. [< OF. enfortir = Pr. To render him. fix : as, to engage the attention.
enfortir =
It. infortire, strengthen, < L. in, in, For the enfreed Antenor, the fair Cressid. Your bounty has engag'd my truth.
-- fortis, strong see fort, and cf enforce.'] To
: .
Shak., T. and C, iv. 1. Ford, Lover's Melancholy, iii. 2.

strengthen; fortify. enfreedomt (en-fre'dum), t'. t. [< oi-l free- + Tlie Servant . . . joyfully acquaints his Master how
Aa Salem braveth with her hilly bullwarks. dom.] To give freedom to ; set free. gratefully you receiv'd the present : and this still engages
Roundly enforXed, soe the greate Jehova him more; and he will complement you with great respect
By ray sweet soul, I mean, setting thee at liberty, en- whenever he meets you. Dampier, Voyages, II. i. 55.
Closeth his servantes, as a hilly bullwark '
freedoining thy person. Shak., L. L. L., ill. 1.
Ever abiding. This humanity and good-nature engages everybody to
Sir P. Sidney, Pa. cxxv. enflreezet (en-frez'), ». *. {< en-'^ + freeze.] To him. Addison, Sir Koger at Home.
enfortlinet (en-f6r'tun), V. t. [ME. enfortunen, freeze ; turn into ice ; congeal. While the nations of Europe aspire after change, our
< OF. eiifortuner, <"<?'«- + fortune, fortune: see Thou hastef^ros«n her disdainefull brest. constitution engages the fond admiration of the people
cii-i smOl fortune.] To endow with a fortune. Spenser, In Honour of Love, L 146. by which it has been established.
Bancroft, Hist. U. S., I., Int.
He that wropht it enfortuyied it so enfrenzy (en-fren'zi), V. t. ; pret. and pp. en-
Tliat every wight that had it shnlde have wo. frenzied, ppr. enfrenzying. [< en-l fremy.] + 5. To occupy; employ the attention or efforts
Chaucer, Complaint of .Mars, 1. 259. of : as, to engage one in conversation ; to be
To excite to frenzy; madden. [Rare.]
enfonlderedt, p. a. [Pp. of 'enfoulder, < OF. engaged in war; to engage one's self iu party
With an enfremied grasp he tore the Jasey from his
eti- + foitldre, F.foudrc, < li.fitlgur, lightening, head. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, IL 363. disputes.
flashing, < /M/jrere, flash : 8ee/u/^e«(.] Mingled I left my people behind with my firelock, and went
en froid (on frwo). [F. : L. in, in ; froid,
en, <
alone to see if 1 could engage them in a conversation.
with lightning. < L. frigidus, cold.] In a cold state said of : Bruce, Source of the Nile, I. 157.
Hart cannot thinke what outrage and what cries.
anything which is more commonly put on or
With fowie enfouldred smoakeaud Hashing Are, Thus shall mankind his guardian care engage.
The hiUbred beast threw forth unto the skies. finished by the agency of heat. Pope, Messiali, 1. 65.
Spenser, F. Q., I. li. 40. Specimens on which gold is applied en
(of majolica) Sir Peter. So, child, has Mr. Surface returned with you?
pret. and pp. en- froid. South Kensington Handt>ook, Spanish Arts. Maria. No, sir, he was engaged.
enfirame (en-fram'), r. t.;
Sheridan, School for Scandal, liL 1.
framed, ppT. enframing. [< e7i-l -l-/ra»ie.] To enfrowardt (en-fro'ward), r. t. [< en-1 -1-
fro-
inclose in or as in a frame. [Rare.] ward.] To make froward or perverse. It is considered extremely sinful to interrupt a man
when engaged in his devotions.
All the powers of the house of Godwin The multitudeof crooked and side respects, which are E. W. Lane, Modem Egyptians, I. 92.
Are not enframed in thee. Tennyson, Harold, i. 1. the only clouds that eclipse the truth from shiuing more
Oat of keeping with the style of the relief upon the gates lightly on the face of the world, and the only pricks 6. To enter
into contest with bring into con- ;

which it [the frieze] enframes. which so er\froxcard men's affections as not to consider flict encounter in battle as, the army engaged
; :

C. C. Perkint, lUlian Sculpture, p. 115. and follow what were for the best, do cause that this chief the enemy at ten o'clock.
unity nndeth small acceptation.
enfranchise (en-fran'chiz), f. t. ; pret. and pp. Sir E. Sandys, State of Religion. He engageathe bravest warrlorof all the Greeks, Achilles
[Formerly and falls by his hand, in single combat.
rnfranrhised, ppr. enfranchisinij.
enfnmet (en-fiim'),enfumer = Pr. v. t. [< F. Bacon, Moral Fables, i.
also infranchige; < OF. enfranchis-, stem of cer- enfumar, smoke, blind with smoke, < en- + fu-
tain parts of enfrancliir, enfraunchir, enfran- The great commanders of antiquity never engaged the
mer, smoke: see fume.] 1. To dry or cure by enemy without previously preparing the minds of their
chier, get free, enfranchise, < en-, franchir, + —
smoking; smoke. 2. To blind or obscure with followers by animating harangues.
set free: see /raHcAwc] 1. To set free; lib- smoke. Irving, Knickerlxwker, p. 368.
erate, as from slavery ; hence, to free or release Perturbations gainst their Guides doe fight.
. . .
Grey was forced to leave Herbert, and hurry back to
from custody, bad habits, or any restraint. And so enfume them that they cannot see. bring up the reserves returning, he attacked Arundel
;

Microcosmoa, with artillery, and completely ingaged him.

If a man havethe fortitude and resolution toeT\franchiM Iktvies, p. 38.
R. W. Dixon, Hist. Church of Eng., xv.
himself [from drinkingl at once, that is. the best
Baeon, Nature In Hen (ed. 1887X
eug (eng), n. [Native name.] A large decid-
uous tree, Dipterocarpus iuberculatus, of Chitta- 7. To interlock and become entangled; entan-
This that which hath eryfranchiM'd, enlarg'd and lifted gle; involve.
is
gong in Bengal, and of Burma. The wood is red-
up oar apprehensions degree* above themselves. dish and hard, and is largely used for house-posta, canoes,
Milton, Aieopagitlca, p. SO.
There lie monks in Russia, for penance, that will sit a
etc. It yields a clear yellow resin. whole night In a vessel of water, till they be engaged with
Onr great preaenrer A common abbreviation England and hard Ice. Bacon, Custom and Education (ed. 18S7).
You have eryfranehia'd us from
wretched bondage. Eng. of
Doable Marriage, v. 3.
Fletcher, of Kiiglifih. O limed soul, that struggling to be free.
pret. and pp. engaged, ppr. Art more engag'd Shak., Hamlet, iii. 3.
Prisoners became slaves, and continued so In their gen- engage (en-gaj'), ;
r.
eratiooa, nnlen en^Tanehiaed by their master*. engaging. [Formerly also ingage; D. engage- = Once, however, engaged among the first ravines and hill
Sir W. Ttmpie. ren =G. engagiren Dan. engagere =Sw. enga- = spurs thrown out by tlie great inouiitiiin chain, I turned
my horse's head aiid rode swiftly in the direction of Merv.
The enfranchised spirit soars at last
Mem. of H. H. Barham, in Ingoldsby Legends, I. 28.
gera, < OF. engager, F. engager Pr. engatgar, = O'Donovan, ilerv, xv.

2. To make free of a state, city, or corporation

engualgar, enga^r =
It. ingaggiare, < ML. in-
8. In mech., to mesh with and interact upon
rndwir«, pledge, engage, < in, in, vadiare (>F. + enter and act or be acted upon ; interlock with,
admit to the privileges of a freeman or citizen
admit to citizenship. fager, etc.), pledge, gage see en-l and gage^.] :
as the teeth of geared wheels with each other,
trans. 1. To pledge; bind as by pledge,
or the rack and pinion in a rack-and-pinion
.
The F.nKlish colonies, and some septs of the Irishry, en- promise, contract, or oath ; put under an obli-
fraiu-hifd by special cliarter*, were admitted to the bene- movement. =Syn. 1. To commit, promise. — 5. To en-
fit uf the laws. Sir J. Daviee, 8tate of Ireland. gation to do or forbear doing something; spe- gross, busy.— 6. To attack, join battle with.
cificallj", to make liable, as for a debt to a credi-
Specifically — 3. To confer the electoral fran- tor ; bind as surety or in betrothal with a re- :
n. intrans. 1. To pledge one's word prom-
ise assume an obligation ; become boimJ un-
;

chise upon ; admit to the right of voting or ; ;

flexive pronoun or (rarely) a noun or personal dertake as, a friend has engaged to supply the
taking part in public elections : as, to enfran- :

pronoun as object as, nations engage them- :

necessary funds.
ehise a class of people ; to enfranchise (in Great
selves to each other by treaty. Many brave lords and knights likewise
Britain) a borough o^a university.
Fromthe year ISM a mayor took the place of the alder-
Who la this that engaged his heart to approach onto nieT To freethem did engage.
Jer. XXX. 21. The Seven Champions of Christendom (Child's Ballads,
men, .. but the poatman-mote and the merchant guild
.

retained their names and functions, the latter as a means I hare enga^dmnM to a dear friend. [I. 89).

by which the freemen of the borough were ei\franchi»ed. Shak., M. of V., Hi. 2. How proper the remedy for the malady, I engage not.
StubtH, Const. Hist. (2d ed.X 1 810. To the Pope hee inga^d himself to hazzard life and es- Fuller.

4. To endenizen-; naturalize. tate for the Roman Religion. Milton, Eikonoklastes, xx. I. dare engage, these creatures have their titles and dis-
Besides disposing ofpatronage, civil, military, legal,
all tinctions of honour. Sun/t, Gulliver's Travels, 11. 3.
words have been enfranchised amongst as. Watts.
Tliese
and he [Lord Townsheiid] en-
eccleaiaatical, for this end, How commonly . .nilers have en£?a;?crf, on succeeding
.
= 8yn. 1. ^(i>iinnit, Liberate, etc. ^ee emancipate. gaged bimaelf to new pension* said to amount to 25,000f. a to power, not to change the established order
enfranchisement (en-fran'chiz-ment), n. [< year. (Jladstone, Mneteenth Century, XXIL 4«1. II. Spencer, i'rin. of Sociol., § 468.
enfranchise +
•rnent.'] 1. The act of setting The league between virtue and nature engages all things
2. To occupy one's self be busied^ ; take part:
free; release from sutTery or from custody; to assume a hostile front to vice. Emerson, Compensation.
as, toengage in conversation; he is zealously
enlargement. 2. To pawn ; stake ; pledge. engaged in the cause.
As low as to thy foot does Caasins fall. He is a noble gentleman ; I dare

To beg enfranchisement tar Publias CImber. Engage my credit, loyal to the state.
'Tis not indeed my talent to engage
SAa*., J. C.,111. In lofty trifles. Dryden, tr. of Perslus's Satires.
1. Ford, Love's .Sacrifice, I. 2.

2. The admission of a person or persons to the Tlie present argument is the most abstracted that ever
For an armour he would haue engaged vs a bagge of
I engaged In. Swift, Tale of a Tub, Ix.
freedom of a state or corporation; investiture pearle, but we refused.
Quoted John Smith's True Travels,
In Capt. I. 83. All her slumbering energies engage with real delight In
with the privileges of free citizens; the incor- M. Baker, New Timothy,
And most perfidiously condemn what lies before them. H'. p. 318.
porating of a person into any society or body
Those that engag'd their lives for them. 3. To have an encounter; begin to fight; enter
politic; now, specifically, bestowment of the
S. Butler, Iludlbras, II. II. 338.
electoral franchise or the right of voting. into conflict.
He that commends another engager so much of his own
How came the law to retreat after apparently advancing reputation as he gives to that person commended. I'pon advertisement of the Scots army, the Earl of Hol-
farther than the Middle Eomaa Law iu the proprietary Steele, Spectator, No. 188. land was sent with a body to meet and engage with it.
enfranehUfment nt women? Clarendon, Great Rebellion.
Main*. Karly Ill»t. of Institutions, p. 32.1. 8. To secure for aid, employment, use, or the It is a part of the military art to reconnoitre and feel
Enfranchisement of copyhold lands, a legal convey- like; put under requisition by agreement or your way before you engage too deeply.
ance in fee simple uf cupybuld tenemeuts by the lord of bargain; obtain a promise of: as, to engage Washington, in Bancroft's Hist. Const., I. 454.
 ; :

engage 1930 engme

4. In fencing, to cross weapons with an adver- 9. In fencing, the joining of weapons with an .^ir Philip Sidney very pretily closed vp a dittie in this
sort
sary, pressing against his with sufficient force adversary: as, an engagement in carte, tierce, What medcine, then, can such disease remoue
to prevent any mauoeuver from taking one un- etc. Kolando (ed. Forsyth) The Engagement, Wliere lone breedeshate, and hate engenders loue?
awares. Fari-otc, Mil. Encyc. — 5. In mach., to iu British hist., the name given to a treaty entered into
in lfi47between Charles I., then in the hands of tlie Par-
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 181.
mesh and interact.
liamentary army, and connnissioners on behalf of the mod-
Of that airy
Fixed on a horizontal shaft above the vessel [a sort of erate Presbyteritms in Scotland, whereby the latter, for
And oily water, mercury is engendered.

water-clock) was a small toothed wheel, with which the B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1.
certain concessions on the king's part, engaged to deliver
toothed rack en;jaged, and which was, therefore, caused him from captivity by force of arms. =8501. 2. Pledge, etc. Vain hopes, vain aims, inordinate desires,
to turn by the rise of the tioat.
American Anthropologist,
(see promise, n.), contract. 8. Conjtict, Fight, etc.—See Blown up with high conceits ingenderinfj pride.
I. 47. battlel. Milton, P. L., iv. 809.
Engaging and disengaging machinery, machinery in engager (en-ga'jer), n. 1. One who engages From the prejudices engejidered l)y the Church, I pass
which one part is alternately united to and separated from
another, as occlusion may require.
or secures. —
2. One who enters into an engage- to the prejudices eTigendered hy the army itself.
Sumner, Orations, I. 59.
ment or agreement a surety. ;
engaged (en-gajd'), «. a. [Pp. of engage; t-.] = S3m. 2. To call forth, create, give rise to, occasion, stir
1. Affianced; betrothed: as, an engaged pair. And that they [Italian operas] might be performed with up.
— 2. Busy or occupied with matters which can-
all decency, seemliness, and without rudeness and pro-
faneness, John Maynard and several sufficient citizens
II. intrans. 1. To be caused or produced;
not be interrupted not at leisure as, when I were engagers.
. . .

Wood, Athenie Oxon. come into existence.

—
; :

call I always find him engaged. 3. In arch., Takp hede they speake no wordes of villany, for it
3. [cap.']In Scottish hist., one of a party who causeth much corruption to ingender in them.
partly built or sunk into, or having the appear-
ance of being partly built or sunk into, some- supported the treaty called " The Engagement," Babees Book(E. E. T. S.), p. 64.

thing else as, engaged columns. and who joined in the invasion of England con- Thick clouds are spread, and storms engender there.
:

sequent on it. See phrase under engagement. Dryden.

All these sculptures have been attached as decorations 2. To come together; meet in sexual embrace.
to a marble background ; the fijiures are not, therefore, engaging (en-ga'jing), J), a. [Ppv. of engage, v.]
sculptured in tlie round, but, if we may borrow a term Winning; attractive; tending to draw the at- Luff ingendreth with ioye, as in a iust sawle.
used by architects, are engaged figures. tention, the interest, or the affections; pleas- And hate in his bote yre bastis to wer.
C. T. Se^cton, Art and Archseol,, p, 78. Destruetion of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 7959.
ing: as, engaging manners or address.
Engaged column. Seecoiumn.— Engaged wheels, in The council of Trent and the .Spanish inquisition, ingen-
mech., wheels that are in gear with each other. The His [Horace's] addresses to the persons who favoured dering together, brought fortlj those catalogues and ex-
driver is the engaging wheel, and the follower is the him are so min-iitsibly engaging, that Augustus complained pvu-gating indexes. Milton, Areopagitici.
wheel engaged. of him for so seldom writing to him.
Steele, Tatler, No. 173. engenderer (en-jen'd6r-6r), n. [= F. engen-
engagedly (en-ga'jed-ll), adv. In an engaged drcur =
Pr. engenraire, engenrador Sp. en- =
manner with entangling attachment, as a par- That common.sense which is one of the most useful,
;
though not one of the most engaging, properties of the gendrador =
It. ingeneratore, < L. as if *inge-
tizan. nerator, ingenerare, engender: see engender.]
[English] race. Lowell, Books and Libraries. <.
Far better it were for publick good there were more
progressive pioneers in the mines of knowledge, than The Greeks combine the energy of manhood with the One who or that which engenders a begetter. ;

. . .

controverters of what is found it would lessen the num- engaging unconsciousness of childhood. Tlie ingenderers and ingendered.
;

ber of conciliatours which cannot themselves now write,

;
Emerson, History. Sir J. Davies, Wittes Pilgrimage, sig. 0, 1.

but as engagedly biassed to one side or other.

engagingly (en-ga'jing-li), adv. In an engag- engendruret, «• [ME., also engendure, < OF.
Whitlock, Manners of Eng. People, p. 233.
ing manner; so as to win the affections. engendrure, engendreure, engenrure, engenreure =
engagedness (eu-ga'jed-nes), n. The state of engagingness (en-ga'jing-nes), n. The quality Pr. engenradura, < L. as if *ingeneratura, < «n-
being engaged, or seriously and earnestly oc- of being engaging; attractiveness; attraction: (/enerare, engender: see engender.] 1. The act
cupied; zeal; animation. of generation; a begetting.
as, the engagingness of his manners.
engagement (en-gaj'ment), n. [Formerly also + Haddestow as greet a leeve as thou hast myght.
engallantt (en-gal'ant), V. t. [< e«-l gal-
ingagement; =
D. G. Ban. Sw. engagement, < lant.]
To make a gallant of. To parfourne al thy lust in Engendrure,
F. engagement = It. ingaggiamento, < ML. in- Thou haddest bigeten many a creature.
I would have you direct all your courtship thither if Chaucer, Prol. to Monk's Tale, 1. 59.
vadiamentujn, engagement, < invadiare (> F. en- ;

you could but endear yourself to her affection, you were 2. Descent ; lineage.
gager, etc.), engage : see engage and -ment.'] 1. eternally engallanted. B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, iv. 1.
The act of engaging, binding, or pledging, or Hys engendrure to declare and tell,
Comyn is he off full noble linage.
the state of being engaged, bound, or pledged. engaolt (en-jal'), V. t. An obsolete form of en- Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 634.S.
jail.
These are they who have bound the land with the sinne
of Sacrilege, from wliich mortal ingagement wee shall engarboilt (en-gar'boil), V. t. [< en-1 gar- engild (en-gild'), V. t.; pret. and pp. engilded,
+
never be free till wee have totally remov d with one labour boil.'] To disorder. cngilt, ppr. engilding. [< en-l -I- gild.] To gild;
as one individual! thing Prelaty and Sacrilege. brighten.
Milton, Apology for Smectymnuus. It is strange, that for wishing, advising, and in his owne
particular using and ensuing tliat moderation, thereby not Fair Helena ; who more engilds the night
2. That to which one is engaged or pledged to engarboiie the church, and disturb the course of piety,
Than all yon fiery oes and eyes of light.
Shak., M. N. D., iii. 2.
an agreement ; an appointment ; a contract ; an he should so bee blamed. . . .

undertaking: as, he failed to fulfil his engage- Bp. Monntagu, Appeal to Cajsar, ix. engint, An obsolete spelling of engine. «
ment. engarland (en-gar'land), V. t. [< en-t gar- engin. An abbreviation of engineering. +
If the superior officers prevailed, they would be able land.] To encircle with a garland. [Poetical.] engin-Jl-'verge (F. pron. on-zhan'a-verzh'), n.
to make good their engagement ; if not, they must apply
Rinses I oft invoked your holy aid,
military engine or catapult for throwing large A
ttiemselves to him [the king] for their own security. !
stones, barrels of combustibles, etc., by means
Ludlow, Memoirs, I. 186. With choicest flowei-s mv speech f engarland so.
Sir P. Sidney (Arber's Eng. Gamer, I. 680). of a mast or staff rotating about one end, and
We damsels shall soon he obliged to carry a book to en- having at the other a spoon, hook, or other de-
rol our engagements ... if this system of reversionary Engarlanded and diaper'd
dancing be' any longer encouraged. With inwrought flowers. vice for holding the projectile.
Visraeli, Young Duke, ii. 3. Tennyson, Arabian Nights. engine (en'jin), n. [Also dial, ingine, ingin; <
Specifically —
3. The state of having entered engarrison
(en-gar'i-sn), v. t. e»-l gar- ME. engin, engyn, engen, rarely ingyne (with ac-
[< +
cent on second syllable, whence by apheresis
into a contract of marriage ; betrothal: as, their rison.] To place in garrison or in a state of
engagement has been announced. 4. That— defense. often gin, gyn, ginne, gynne, > mod. E. gin*, q.
v.), < OF. engin, enging, engeng, engeinh, enginh,
which engages or binds ; obligation. In this case we encounter sin in the body, like a be-
sieged enemy ; and such an one, when he has engarrison'd natural ability, artifice, a mechanical contri-
He was kindly used, and dismissed in peace, professing
much engagement for the great courtesy he found there. himself in a strong hold, will endure a storm. vance, esp. a war-engine, a battering-ram, F.
Winthrop, Hist. New England, II. 232. South, Works, IX. v. engin =
Pr. engin, engen OSp. engeito, Sp. =
This is the greatest engagement not to forfeit an oppor. There was John engarrison'd, and provided for the as- ingenio =
Pg. engenho =
It. ingegno, < L. inge-
tunity. Hammond, Fundamentals. sault with a trusty sword, and other implements of war. nium, innate or natural quality, nature, genius,
Glanville, "Witchcraft, p. 127.
Religion, which is the chief engagement of our league. a genius, an invention, in LL. a war-engine,
Stilton.
engastrimythf (en-gas'tri-mith), n. [Also en- battering-ram, < ingignere (pp. ingenitus), instil
5t. Strong attachment or adherence; partial- gastromith, engastrimuth ; < Gr. eyyaaTpi/ivdoc, by birth, implant, produce in: see ingenious,
ity; bias; partizanship. a ventriloquist, generally used of women who and cf. genius.] It. Innate or natural ability;
The opportunity of so fit a messenger, and my deep en- delivered oracles by Ventriloquy, < ev yaaTpi, ingenuity; craft; skill.
gagement of affection to thee, makes me write at this time. in the belly {iv, in ; yaarpi, dat. of yaari/p, akin But consydreth well, that I ne usurpe not to have found-
Winthrop, Hist. New England, I. 437.
to L. venter, belly), +
/ivBoc, speech. See myth.] en this werke of my labour or of myne engin.
This may he obvious to any who impartially, and without A ventriloquist.
Chaucer, Astrolabe, Pref.
engagement, is at pains to examine. Swi/t. Virgil won the bays.
So, all incenst, the pale engastromith And past them all for deep engine, and made them all to
6. Occupation ; employment of the attention (Rul'd by the furious spirit he's haunted with) gaze
aSair of business. Speaks in his womb. Upon the books he made. Churchyard.
Play, either by our too long or too constant engagement Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Imposture.
Such also as made most of their workes by translation
in it, becomes like an employment or profession, liogers, out of the Latine and French toung, <fe few or none of their
engender (en-jen'd6r), V. [Formerly also in-
7. In mach., the act or state of meshing toge- gender ; < ME. engendren, < OF. engendrer, F. owne engine. Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 68.
ther and acting upon each other as, the engage- :
engendrer =
Pr. engenrar, engendrar Sp. Pg. = He does 't by engine and devices, he I

—
ment of geared wheels. 8. A combat between engendrar =
It. ingenerare, < L. ingenerare, be-
B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, ii. 1.

armies or fleets; a fight ; a conflict; a battle. get, < in, in, -I- generare, beget, produce, gener- 2t. An artful device or contrivance ; a skilful-
The showr of Arrows and Darts overpass't, both Battels ate: see getierate and gender.] I, trans. 1. To ly devised plan or method ; a subtle artifice.
attack'd each other with a close and terrible ingagement. Therefore this craftie engine he did frame.
Milton, Hist. Eng., v.
breed; beget; generate.
Against his praise to stirre up enmitye.
All full of expectation ol the fleete's engagement, but it Thus, delves made, on hem shall weete and heete. Spenser, F. Q., II. i. 2a
is not yet. Pepys, Diary, II. 418. Thai two dooth all engendre grapes greete. The edict of the emperor Julianus . . . was esteemed
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 44.
Our army, led by valiant Torrismond. and accounted a pernicious engine and machination
. . .

Is now in hot engagement with the Moors. Dryden. Hence — 2. To produce; cause to exist ; bring against the Christian faith.
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. 69.
To recite at this time the circumstances of the Ingage- forth cause excite as, intemperance engen-
; ; :

ment at Brandywine, whicli have i)een bandied about in ders disease ; angry words engender strife. Imust visit Contarino upon that ;

all the Newspapers, would be totally unnecessary. Depends an engine shall weigh up my losses.
Washington, to Col. Saui'l Washington, N. A, Rev., This bastard love ia engendered betwixt lust and idle- Were they sunk low as hell.
(CXUII. 480. ness. Sir P. Sidney. Webster, Devil's Law-Case, U. i.

engine
3. An instrumental agent or agency of any-
kind; anj-thing used to effect a purpose; an
instrumentality.
Ill the tynic that we ly before this town ther may be
taken a-nother town other Iw famyn or be other engtpu,
for as soone shall we take tweyiie as oon.
Merlin (E. E. T. S.X
Dexterity and sufferance, brave Don,
Are ennines the pure politic must work with.
Ford, Lady's Trial,
And say, finally, best preserved by giv-
whether peace is
ing energy to the goveninient, or information to the peo-
ple. This last is the most certain and the most legiti.
mate engine of government,
Jegervm, Correspondence, IL
An age whenthe Dutch press was one of the most for-
midable enffines by which the pnblic mind of Europe was
moved. Macatday, Hist Eng., vli.
apparatus for producing some mechani-
An
4.
cal effect; especially, a skilful mechanical con-
trivance: used in a very general way.
states, as great enginet, move slowly.
Bacon^ Advancement of Learning,
Specifically — (ot) A snare, gin, or trap.
A fissher of the contrey com to the Lak de Losane with
his nettes and his engyntt. Merlin (E. E. T. 8.), iii. 665.
Item, Whereas it is contained In the Statute of West-
minster the Second, that young salmons shall not be taken
nor destroyed by nets, nor by engine*, at milldams, from
the midst of April till the Nativity of St. John the Baptist
Statute qf lUh Richard J I., quoted in Walton s
(Complete Angler, p. 62, note.
(6) A mechanism, instruraent, weapon, or tool by which
a violent effect is produced, as a musket, cannon, rack,
catapult, battering-ram, etc. ; specifically, in old use, a
rack for torture ; i>y extension, any tool or instrument
u, engine* of war or of torture.
The kyng of kyngges erly ^Tjpe
And sent for men of craft in all the
To make engenye after his purpose.
The wallis to breke, the Citee for to wast
Oenerydee (E. E. T. S.),
The sword, the arrow, the gun, with
gines of death, will be well employed.
O most small fault,
How ugly didst thou In Cordelia show
Which, like an engine, wrench'd my frame of nature
I'rom the flx'd place. Sheik., Lear, i.
But that two-handed engine at the door
Stands ready to smite once, and smite no more.
MiUon, Lycidas, 1.
Be takes the gift with reverence, and extends
The little tngint [adaaonl on his fingers' ends.
Pope, B. of the
More particulariy —
(e) A skilfully contrived mechanism
or machine, the parts of which roix-ur in prmtucing an in-
tended effect ; a machine for applying any of the mechani-
cal or physical powers to effect a iiarticular purpose; es-
pecially, a self-contained, self-moving nu'chanism for the
cjnvctslon of energy Into useful work as, a hydraulic en-
gine fur utilizing the preasnre of water ; a steam-, gas-, or
air rn^^rn^. in which the elastic force of steam, gaa, or air
Is utilized ; a f^T^-engine ; stationary or locomotive en-
gine*. In popular ainoliite use, the word generally has
reference to a locomotive engine. Bee these wordi.
In mechanicals, the direction how to frame an Instrn-
ment or engine, Is not the same with the manner of setting
It on work. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, tL 278.
Some cat the pipes, and some the engine* play.
And some, more bold, mount ladders to the lire.
Dryden.
As the barometric oaclllations are due to solar nuliation.
It follows that the earth and sun together constitute a
thermodynamic engine.
Thmntnn arul Tail, Nat. Phil., | 8S0.
Agricultural, ammonlacaL annular, assistant, at-
mospberlc engine. See the adjwtivi «. Balance-
wheel engine. *. /..i/ffjie«.iM«W.— Binary engine. '<"•
I-
hhirin/. - Blsulphld-of-ortKni engine, nn engine uning
the vapor of bi.4ulphi9 of carlxm as a motive agent The
liquid lioils at 1 10° K., and at the usual temperature of ex-
haust-steam will give a pressure of sixty-five pounds to the
square Inch. The vapor in such engines Is condensed after
passing through the cylinder, and retomcd to the boiler
to lie converted again into vapor It can be thus used con-
;
tinn..usly Willi very little loss.— Caloric engine. Seeai-
itirir. Carbonlo-add ^>ffgi«A rsce
pound engine. See *team.en;iinr.
engine. ><f minprrufd. — Concentric
iiiii fn'.riii*'. -Cornish engine. .'^«-«-
ClOldal engine, a mat'liine for engruving the wavy or
curved lines upon the plates from which bank-checks,
bonds, etc., are printed. The lines are produced by a
compound motion given to the graver, or by a comliined
—
movement of graver and plato. Dental engine, an ap-
paratus f<»r r.mveyiiig jx.wer to dentiti surgical Instru-
ments.— Dlrect-actlon engine, an engine in which the
pidt^m-nMl iji directly coupleil to the connecting-rod.—
bisk engine, an engine in which motive power is obtain-
eri l>y the applieatlon of steam to the oscillation of a disk.
Double-acting engine. 8eefi«ai»-«n<7«'B«.— Klectro-
dynamlc engine, engine operated by an electric cur-
:>ti
rent Electromagnetic engUM. See eteetrie machine,
unfler Hfrtric— Elevator -engine, a special form of steam
hoisting-engine that can lie controllea from the elevator-
car <ir from any floor, or maile to op*.Tate automatically at
any yiolnl of tlie ir:ivel of the car.— Bmpty engine. See
em/rfi/. Ether-engine, a machine similar tothe steam-
engin*-. in wliirh tli.- v;iiK>r of ether Issubstitnted for steam.
— Geared engine, ;in enL'inc which actuates the driven
nia^.-hiner) tlii<<!i.;li tli' i'lr.-rvention of gearing.— Half-
beam engine, n Kteiim eniriric haring a beam so arranged
a to be moved about a pivot at one end by the action of
! : —
;: —
1931 enginery
the engine placed at the other end, the crank being placed 2. An engine-driver; one who manages an en-
beneath tiie middle of the beam.— Harmonic engine, an gine; a person who has charge of an engine
electromagnetic engine of small size, invented liy Kdison.
—High-duty eng&e, an engine designed to work with and its connected machinery, as on board a
minimuiu consumption of fuel. — Horizontal engine, an
engine set witli the axes of its steain-ejlindcrs aiul its cen-
steam-vessel. —
3. Oue who carries through any
scheme or enterpiise by skill or artful con-
ter-lines horizontal.— Hydraulic engine. See Uiidrtiulic.
— trivance; a manager Chief of engineers, in the
ii. 256. Hydrocarbon engine, am 'ther name for the petroleum United States army, a high ofticiai of the War Departmenlv
engine, or for any oil-amt-vaimr motor. —
Inclined en-
head of the corps of engineers, who has supervisory charge
gine, an engine of which the line of action is inclined to of fortifications, torpedo service, military bridges, river
the liorizon.— Internal-combustion engine, an engine
ii. 1.
in which the working cylinder is also the furnace. Blan — and harbor improvements, military surveys, etc. Corps —
engine, an apparatus set in mine-shafts, consisting of two of engineers. See cwTwa.— Fleet engineer. Heejleefi.
parallel and vertical rods alternately rising and falling. engineer (en-ji-ner'), r. <. l<. eiigiiieei; n.'i 1.
and carrying at suitable intervals platforms, of which a To plan and direct the formation or carrying
pair stop opposite each other at each stroke of the engine. out of; direct as an engineer: as, to engineer a
276. In another form one set of platforms is stationary and
fixed to the walls of the shaft, there being but a single canal or a tunnel.
oscillating rod. Miners, by stepping back and forth from Carefully engineered waterways.
one platfonn to another at each stroke of the engine, are Geikie, GeoL Sketohes, U. 14.
raised to thfe surface or transported to the bottom of the
mine.— Marine engine. See tiwrine.- Mogul engine, 2. To work upon ply ; try some scheme or plan
;
a locomotive of a peculiar and heavy type, built for liaul- upon.
ing heavy trains, and having six coupled driving-wheels Unless we engineered him with question after question,
and a single pair of truck-wheels.— Non-condensing en- we could get nothing out of him. Coipper.
gine. See non-(-oiidcn»in7.— Non-rotative engine, an
engine which does not turn a fly-vvlieel and er:inic-.<haft. 3. To guide or manage by ingenuity and tact;
ii.
Oscillating engine, an engine in whielr the piston-rod conduct through or over obstacles by contri-
is coupled directly to the crank-pin, the steam-cylinder
vance and effort: as, to engineer a bill through
oscillating on trunnions to permit the requisite lateral
Congress.
movement of the rod.- Pendulotis or Inverted oscil-
lating engine, an engine in which the steam-cylinder is An exhibition engineered by a native prince is quite a
supportedtjy and <iscillates al>out trunnions at tlie upper novelty even in India. The American, VII. 24.
end, the iiiston-nHi lieing directly connected to the crank
—
below.— Rose engine. See roa«-en(^*ne. Side-lever en- engineering (en-ji-ner'ing), n. [Verbal n. of
gine. Same as marine ensrtne.- Stationary engine, any engineer, v7\ 1. The art of constructing and
lorm of motor on a fixed bed, as distingui-slied from a port- using engines or machines; the art of execut-
alile, road, or locomotive engine. —
Trunk-engine, an en-
ing civil or military works which require a spe-
gine in which the connecting-rod is cuuided to crank and
"
piston, reaching the latter through a lai-ge hollow "trunk cial knowledge or use of machinery, or of the
or rod forming a part of the structure. —
Twin engine, principles of mechanics. Abbreviated engin.
a combination of two engines of the same construction,
—
coupled so as to work together. Vertical engine, an
— 2. Careful management ; manoeuvering.
he rose.
engine without a beam, set in the vertical line. wildcat — Wlio kindling a combustion of desire,
ex]^;lne, a locomotive engine that runs without a train Witli some cold moral think to quench the fire.
hast,
so called because it has no regular time. [U. S.) Though all yotxr engineering proves in vain.
Cowper, Progress of Error,
engine (en'jin), v. t. ; pret. and pp. engined, 1. 321.
L 2887. ppr. engining. [< ME. enginen, engynen, con- Cl'Vil engineering, that branch of engineering which
relates to the construction or care of roads, bridges, rail-
many terrible en- trive, deceive, torture, < OF. engignier, engi-
roads, canals, amu'ducts, hariiors, drainage-works, etc.
RaUigk, Eisays- gner, engenier, engenhier, contrive, invent, de- See ((.(•(iicni.— Hydraulic
Electrical engineering.
ceive, intrigue, etc., = Pr. enginhar OSp. cn- = engineering, see h;i'lrniili<\~ Mechanical or dynam-
gefiar, 8p. ingeniar = Pg. engenhar It. inge-= ic engineering, tliat braneli «hieli relates strictly to
machinery, sm-fi as steam-engines, machine-tools, mill-
gnare, deceive, dupe, etc., < ML. ingeniare, con-
4. work, etc.— Military engineering, that branch which
trive, attack with engines, dep. in^eniari, in- relates to the construction and maintenance of fortifica-
trigue, deceive, < L. ingenium, genius, inven- tions, and all buildings necessary in military jiosts, and
130. tion, LL. an engine: see engine, n.] If. To includes a thorough knowleilge of every point relative to
the attack and defense of places. The science also em-
contrive.
braces the Burveying of a country for the various opera-
And now shal Lucifer leue it thowgh hym loth thinke tions of war—
Mining engineering, tliat branch which
L., Hi. 1S2.
relates to all the operations involv'ed in selecting, testing,
For Oygas the geaunt with a gynne engyned
To breke and to bete doune that ben agelnes lesus. opening, and working mines.— Naval or marine engi-
Pier* Plowman (BX xviil. 250. neering, tliat lirancil which relates to tlie construction
and management of engines for the propulsion of steam-
2t. To assault with engines of war. Davies. aillls.
Infldels, profane and professed enemies to engine and engineership (en-ji-ner'ship), n. [< engineer
:
batter our walls. .Rci'. T. Adam*, Works, I. 29. -sltip.'] +
The post of engineer. [Rare.]
3t. To torture by means of an engine ; rack. His nephew, David Alan Stevenson, joined with him at
the time of his death in the engineership, is the sixth of the
The mynistres of that toun family who has held, successively or conjointly, that office.
Han hent the cartere and so sore him pyned. II. L. Steveneon, in Contemporary Rev,, LI. 790.
And eek the hostiller so sore engyned,
lliat they biknewe hir wikkednea anoon. engine-house (en'jin-hous), n. A building for
Chaucer, Nun's Priest's Tale, L 240. the accommodation of an engine or engines.
4. To furnish with an engine or engines : as, Boilers, dynamos, &ndengi7te-hou*e must all be arranged
Elect. Bev., XXII. 243.
the vessel was built on the Clyde and engined for that
size.
at Greenwich. engine-lathe (en'jin-laTH), n. large form of A
engine-bearer (en'jin-bSr'fer), n. In ghip- lathe employed for the principal turning-work
huHding, one of the sleepers or pieces of tim- of a machine-shop.
ber in a steamer placed between the keelson engineman (en'jin -man), M.; pi. enginemen
and the boilers of the steam-engine, to form a (-men). man who manages an engine, as in A
proper seat for the boilers and machinery. steamers, steam-cars, manufactories, etc.
engine-counter (en'jin-koun't6r), n. A
regis- engine-plane (en'jin-plan), ». In coal-mining,
tering device for recording or counting the ail underground way over which the coal is con-
movements of engines or machinery ; a speed- veyed by means of an endless chain or rope
indicator. See speed^eeorder. worked by an engine.
engined (en'jind), a. Same as engine-turned. enginert (en'ji-nfer), n. [Also ingener; earlier
engine-dri'Ver (en'jin-dn'vfer), «. One who form of enr/iHecr : see engineer.l 1. An engi-
dnves or manages an engine; especially, one neer; one who manages a military engine.
c(i»7/.,/iiV.— Com- who manages a locomotive engine : in the For 'tis the sport to have the enginer
— Compressed-air United States commonly called engineer. Hoist with his own petar.
engine, a rotat-
engineer (en-ji-ner'), n. [Formerly enginer, Shak., Hamlet, ill. 4 (quartos).
ti*''tin ^'nijine. — Cy- rarely ingener; < OF. engignier 8p. ingeniero= 2. A skilful contriver ; an artful or ingenious
= Pg. engenheiro =
It. ingegnere, ingegnero, < deviser.
ML. ingeniarius, one who makes or uses an en- He is a good enginer that alone can make an instru-
Cf D. ment to get preferment Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 134.
gine, < ingenium, an engine see engine. : .
0. ingenieur =
Dan. Sw. ingeniiir, < F. ingMeur, Tliere's yet one more, Gabfnius,
The enginer of all. B. Jonson, Catiline, v. 4.
OF. engigneor, engigneour, one who makes an en-
gine,<.'Mlj.'ingeniator,<. ingeniare, contrive see : engine-room (en'jin-rSm), n. The room or
engine, v."] 1. A
person skilled in the principles apartment of a vessel in which the engines are
and practice of any department of engineering. placed.
Engineers are classified, according to the particular busi- Where, for example, are the engine-room logs of any of
ness pursued by them, as military, naval or marine, civil, the ships he warms? The Engineer, LXV. 108.
mining, and meehanieal or dyneanie engineer*. (.Sec en-
gineering.) In the United States navy engineers are class- enginery (en'jin-ri), n. [< engine + -ry."] 1.
ed as follows Engineer in chief, ranking with a commo- The act or art of managing engines or artillery.
—
:
dore and having charge of the Bureau of Steam Engineer- 2. Engines collectively; mechanism; ma-
ing at the Navy Depariment; chief engineers, ranking,
according to length of service, with lientenant-comniand-
chinery; especially, artillery; instruments of
ers, commanders, or captains pajtued ojtrijitant entrineern,
;
war.
officers who have passed their examination for chief en- Not distant far with heavy pace the foe
gineer, and who rank with lieutenants and a**i*tani en-
; Approaching, gross and huge, in hollow cube
gineer*, who rank with ensigns or Iteutonauts. Trailing his devilish enginery. Milton, P. L.,vi 5SS,
 ; ! ! ! —;

enginery 1932 English

I have lived to mark 2. To render furry or clammy make ; sticky. generally known as Anglo-Saxon (see Anglo-Saxon), under-
A new and unforeseen creation rise went in the course of time, by the Scandinavian invasion
His tongue engleymed, and his nose black. in tlie ninth century, and l>y the Norman conquest and the
From out tlie lalwura of a peaceful Land Liber Festivalis, fol. 16 b.
Wielding her ptitent enginfry to frame introduction of Norman French in the eleventh century,
And to produce. Wordrnvrth, Excursion, viii. 3. To clog ; cloy. clianges so extensive and profound as to make the " Eng-
The man that moohe hony eteth his mawe it engleymeth. lish" language of the later periods practically another
The earth shaken by our engineries.
is
tongue. Accordingly, the older stages of the language
Emerson, Success. Piers Ploutman (B), xv. 66.
have at ditferent periods received some special designa-
With a mighty inward whirring and buzzing of the en- II. intrans. To stick, or stick fast. tion, as Saxon, Anglo-Saxon, English-Saxon, ov Saxon-Eng-
ginery which constitutes her [an automaton's] muscular That noon otfes white lish for the language before the Norman conquest, and Old
^tem. O. W. Holmes, Old Vol. of Life, p. 129. Engtayme uppon the rootes of her tonnge. English or Early English for the period between the Nor-
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 26. man conquest and the modern perioti. Recently some
8. Any carefully prepared scheme to compass British scholars have insisted on iising English to cover
an end, especially a bad end; machinations; englaimoust, a. [ME. englaymous ; < englaim the whole range of the language, applying Old English.oT,
devices system of artifice.
; + -oiis. Cf glaimous.] Smeared sticky. . ; as some term it, Oldest English, to the Anglo-Saxon i>eriod.
But, apart from the question as to the practical differences
The fraudful enginery of Rome. Shenstone, Economy. Som gomys thourghe gyrde with gaddys of yryne,
of the Anglo-Saxon and the language later called English,
own devilish enginery of lying witnesses, partial Comys gayliche clede englaymous wapene
All his this tends to confusion, the term Old English having long
etc Macaxday. Archers of Inglande fulle egerly schottes,
sheriffs, had a distinct and well-understood application to tlie
Uittis thourghe the harde stele hertly dynnttis
Such a comprehensive and centralized scheme of na- ilorte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3685.
mixed language developed after the Norman conquest.
tional education, if once thoroughly realized, would prove V^arious divisions have been made of the periods of Eng-
the most ai>palliiig enginery for the propagation of anti- Englander (ing'glan-d6r), n. [= G. Engldnder lish. All are more or less arbitrary, there being no aliso-
Christian and atlieistic unbelief. = l)an. Englamder) as England -erl.] na- + A lute gap even between the Anglo-Saxon and the following
period. A common division, adopted in this dictionary,
New Princeton Rev., II. 134.
tive of England; an English man or woman. is as follows (1) Anglo-Saxon, meaning usually and chief-
4t. Engineering.
:

[Rare.] ly West-Saxon, but including all other Anglo-Saxon dia-

They may descend in mathematicks to fortiiieation, ar-
— neither Englander nor lects, Kentish, Mercian, Old Northumbrian, etc., from the
Milton, Education.
I marvel what blood thou art
chitecture, enginery, or navigation. middle of the fifth century, or rather from the seventh
Scot. Scott, Abbot, iv.
century, when the first contemporiiry records (in Anglo-
engine-shaft (en'jin-sh&ft), «. In mining, a There are two young Englanders in the house, who hate Saxon) begin, to the middle or end of the twelfth century
shaft used exclusively for the pumping-ma- allthe Americans in a lump. (A. I). 450(600)-1150(120U)); (2) Middle English, also csLilei
chinery. H. James, Jr., Daisy Miller, p. 36. Old English, from the middle or end of the twelfth cen-
engine-tool (en'jin-tol), n. Same as machine- englantS (P. pron. on-glon-ta'), a. [Heraldic tury to the beginning of the sixteenth centuiy (A. D. 1150
(1200)-1500); (3) Modem English, or simply English, from
tool. F., better 'englandc, < en-, E. en-, glande= + the beginning of the sixteenth century to tlie present time.
engine-turned (en'jin-tfemd), a. Ornamented (equiv. to englante), acorned, < glande, < L. Each of these periods is divided, when convenient, into
with designs produced by a rose-engine. Also glan{d-)s, an acorn: see gland.] In her., bear- three subperiods by the terms early and late applied to the
engined. ing acoms said of an oak-tree used as a bear- :
first and the last part of the main periods. The periods of
transition cannot be exactly fixed, and in the etymologies
engine-turning (en'jin-ter'ning), n. A class ing. of this dictionary the designation " early Middle English,"
of ornament executed by what is termed a rose- englet, "• and V. Same as ingle. for example, with reference to a word or form, may coin-
English (ing'glish. The historical pron. would cide in date with the designation "late Anglo-Saxon," as
applied to another word or form of earlier aspect or spell-
be eug'glish the change to ing'glish is due to ;
ing. So "early modern English," referring properly to the
the great frequency of i, and the almost entire first part of the sixteenth century (A. D. 1600-1660), may in
absence of e, before ng in mod. native E. words), some cases refer back to the last decades of the fifteenth
a. and re. [< ME. English, Englisch, Englissh, century, or, in regard to archaic forms and spellings, may
Englyssli, Englisse (= D. Engelsch = G. Englisch extend to the end of the sixteenth century. In particular
cases the date of the century or the date of the year is
= Dan. Sw. Engelsk; cf. OF. Englesche, usu- given. Philologically, English, considered with reference
ally Angleis, Anglois, F. Anglais Sp. Ingles = = to its original form, Anglo-Saxon, and to the grammatical
Specimens of Engine-turning.
Pg. Inglez =
It. Inglese, English, after E. Eng- features which it retains of Anglo-Saxon origin, is the most
conspicuous member of the Low German group of the
engine, it is used for sucli work as the network of lish, as if from a ML. *Anglensis (see -ese), for
Teutonic family, the other Low German languages being
curved lines on a banic-note engraving or a watch-case. Anglicus: see Anglic, Anglican), < AS. Englisc, Old Saxon, Old Friesic, Old Low German, and other extinct
See rose-engine. ra.ve\y JEnglisc, English, i. e., Aiglo-Saxon, per- forms, and the modern Dutch, Flemish, Friesic, and Low
enginousf (ea'ji-nus), a. [< ME. enginoits, < OF. taining to the Angles, a Low German tribe, < German (Piatt Deutsch). These, with High German, con-
cngignous, F. ingenieux = Pr. enginhos
eiigif/nos, Engle, jEngle, the Angles, who settled in Brit-
stitute the "West Germanic" branch, as Gothic and the
Scandinavian tongues constitute the "East Germanic"
= OSp. cngcHoso, Sp. ingenioso = Pg. engenhoso ain, giving to the southern part of it the name branch, of the Teutonic family. (See the terms used.) By
= It. ingegnoso, < L. ingeniostis, ingenious, < in- of Engla land (> ME. Englelond, England, Eng- mixture with the Celtic and Latin of the Anglo-Saxon pe-
genium, natural ability, genius, LL. an engine. land, mod. England), i. e., the land of the An- riod, and later with the kindred Scandinavian, and then
See engine, and ingenimis, of which enginous is with the Old French of the Norman and other dialects,
gles: see Angle^, Anglo-Saxon.] I. a. 1. Be- especially with the Norman French as develoi)ed in Eng-
the older form.] Ingenious; inventive; me- longing to or characteristic of England (the land (the Anglo-French), and with later French, and finally,
chanical. largest of the three kingdoms which with the in consequence of the spread of English exploration, com-
It maketh a man ben enginous merce, conquest, and colonization, with nearly all the oth-
And swifte of fote and eke irons.
principality of Wales form the United Kingdom
er great languages of the globe, English has become the
Oower, Conf. Amant, VII. 99. of Great Britain and Ireland), or to its inhabi- most composite language spoken by man. The vocabu-
All the Enginous Wheeles of the Soule are continually tants, institutions, etc.: often used for British. lary of common life is still about three fourths of Anglo-
going. Dekker, Seven Deadly Sins, p. 30. Englisehe men beth Saxoynes, Saxon origin but the vocabulary of literature and com-
;

That beth of Engistes Soones. merce contains a majority of words of foreign origin, chief-
Those beams, by enginoits art, made often to mount and ly Latin or Greek, coming in great part through the Ro-
spread like a golden and glorious canopy over the deified Arthur (ed. Fumivall), 1. 521.
mance tongues, and of these chiefly through French. The
persons that are placed under it. And thanne ther Remayned in the shippe iiij Englyssk languages from which the next greatest contributions have
Middleton, Triumphs of Integrity. prestis moo. Torkington, Diarie of Eng. Travell, p. 56. been received are the Scandinavian (Icelandic, Swedish,
That's the mark of all their enginous drifts. Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more Danish, Norwegian), the Low German (Dutch, Flemish,
To wound my patience. Or close the wall up with our English dead I etc.), Celtic, Hebrew, Persian, Arabic, Hindustani, Turk-
B. Joiuon, Cynthia's Bevels, iii. 2. Shak., Hen. V., iii. 1. ish, Malay, Chinese, American Indian, etc. The words
pret. and pp. engirt or O the roast beef of Old England derived from the more remote languages are, however, in
engird (en-gferd'), V. t. ;
!

great part names of products or customs peculiar to the

engirded, ppr. engirding. [< en-1 -1- gird^.'] To And the old English roast beef
Fielding, Roast Beef of Old England. countries concerned, and few of them enter Into actual
surround ; encircle ; encompass. English use.
My heart is drown'd with grief, 2. Of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Dan Chaucer, well of English undefyled.
"Whose flood begins to flow within mine eyes language spoken by the people of England and Spenser, F. Q., IV. ii. 32.
My body round engirt with misery. the peoples derived from them. See II., 2. The study of English has but just commenced.
critical
SAaJ-., 2 Hen. VL, iii. 1.
Early English architecture. See eaWj/.— English We are at the beginning of a new era in its history. Great
While they the church engird with motion slow. basement, bond, horn, etc. See the nouns.— English as are its powers, men are beginning to feel that its neces-
Wordsmorth, Processions in the Vale of Chamouny. disease, rickets. sities are still greater.
engirdle (en-gfer'dl), v. pret. and pp. engir-
t. II. n. 1. Collectively, in the plural, the peo- G. P. Marsh, Lects. on Eng. Lang., xxviii.
;

dled, pipT. engirdling. [< en-^ +

girdle.] To in- ple of England; specifically, natives of Eng- 3. The English equivalent of a foreign word;
close; surround. land, or the people constituting the English an English rendering.
race, particularly as' distinguished from the " Lithcock Latin," the lady said,
Or when extending wide their flaming trains, ! it's
With hideous grasp the skies engirdle round. Scotch, Welsh, and Irish. " Richard's the Englishof that name."
And spread the terrours of their burning locks. There goes the Talbot, with his colours spread, Earl Richard (Child's Ballads, III. 269).
Glover, Sir Isaac Newton. And the troops of English after him.
all And for English gentlemen me thinks it must needs be
Shak., 1 Hen. VI., iii. 3.
a pleasure to them to see so rich a toong [as Italian] out-
engirtt (en-g6rt'), V. t. [For engird, altered
To encir- 2. [ME. English,Englisch, etc., < AS. Englisc, vide by their mother-speech, as by the manle-folde Eng-
tlSough influence of its pp. engirt.']
lishes of mauie wordes in this is manifest.
cle; engird. Englisc, neut. adj. as noun (also -with a noun, Florio, It. Diet., To the Reader, p. 14.
A lily prison'd in a gaol of snow-, Englisc gereord or gethcod), the English language
4. In printing, a size of type between pica and
. . .

So white a friend engirts so white a foe.

Shak., Venus and Adonis, L 364.
— that is, the language spoken by the Angles
great primer: in the United States, about 5i
and, by extension, by the Saxons and other Low
engiscope, «. See engyscope. lines to the linear inch.
German tribes who composed the people called
engladt (en-glad'), v. t. [< e«-i glad.] To + Anglo-Saxons. See etymology above, Anglo-
make glad; cause to rejoice. Saxon, and def.] The language of the peo- This line is in English type.
Lyke as the larke vpon the somer's daye, ple of England and of the peoples derived from 5. In a twisting or spinning motion
billiards,
When Titan radiant burnlsheth his hemes bryght, them, including those of English descent in the
Mounteth on bye, with her melodious laye imparted by a quick stroke on one side to the
Of the aonshyne engladid with the lyght. United States of America, Canada, Australia, cue-ball. All deviations by the cue-liall from such mo-
Skelton, Garland of Laurel, 1. 536. New Zealand, and the British dependencies in tion as would naturally result from a straight central
India, Africa, and other parts of the world. stroke with the cue, or from the slant given by impact on
englaimt, v. [ME. engUiymen, engleymen, be- the side of an object-ball after such a stroke, are governed
glaymen, The sigi]iflcatlon of the term English, as applied to lan-
smear, make sticky, cloy, < e«-i -I-
guage, has varied with its changes of signification in politi- by the same principle but as most force-shots have special
;

gleymen, smear: see glaim.] I. trans. 1. To cal use. Originally applied to the language of the Angles, names (draw, follow, massi, etc.), the word English is gen-
besmear. it came in time to be the general designation of the aggre- erally used only when the ball glances after Impact in a
The gorre [gore] guschez owte at ones gate of slightly differing Low German dialects, Anglian direction more or less sharply angular from the object-
and Saxon, which was recognized as tlie national tongue ball or cushion. |U. S.]— Pidgin English. See PtdjTin.
That alle englaymei the gresse, one grounde ther he
MorU Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1181. of the Teutonic Invaders of Britain. This tongue, now JS'n(7ii«A.— Sandal- wood English, see the extract
•tandez!
 ; ;:

English 1933 engrave

White men aiid natives communicate with each other engloom (en-gl6m'), V. t. [< e«-i -I- gloom.'] To Being devoured said of a child or other creature in the
:

[In the South-Sea islands] hy means of a very singular make gloomy; surround with gloom. [Rare.] jaws of a serpent, or the like, which is swallowing it.
jargon . . . known as saiuial-wood J^tujlish^ or the* ^heche engrafft, engraffmentf . Obsolete forms of in-
de mer lingo." Pop. Sci. Mo., XXX. 200. Is this the result for the attainment of which the gym-
nasium remorselessly englo&ms the life of the German graft, inyraftment.
me king's (or queen's) TtngHah idiomatic or correct boy ? Pop. Sci. Mo., XIII. 635. engraft, engraftation, etc. See ingraft, etc.
English.
Here will be an old abming of God's patience and the engluet (en-glo'), v. t. [< ME. engluer, < OF. engrail (en-gral'), V. [Also ingrail; < F. engrS-
Hnga EnglUh. Shak., M. W. of \V., i. 4. engluer; < en-l + glue.] To glue ; join or close ler, engrail, < en- +
grile, hail: see grail^.] I.
fast, as with glue.
trans. If. To variegate ; spot, as with hail.
Enfdish (ing'gUsh), f. [< English, n.] I. trans. A cauldron new engrail'd with twenty hewes.
iTTo translate into the English language ren- ; Whan he sawe, and redie fonde
This coffre made, and well englued. Chapman, Iliad, p. 325.
der in English. [Often without a capital.]
Qower, Conf. Amant, viii. 2. To make serrate ;
give an indented outline
Often he woulde engtyshe his matters out of the Latlne to. [Archaic]
or Greeke vpou the sodeyne. englutt (en-gluf), V. t. [Formerly also inglut;
A>cham, The Scholemaster, p. 7. < F. engloutir = Pr. englotir =
OSp. englutir = Over hills with peaky tops engrail'd.
Tennyson, Palace of Art.
Those gracious Acts whereof so frequently hee maltes It. inghiottire, < ML. inglutire, swallow, < L. in,
mention may be englUh'd more properly Acts of feare and in, -I- glutire (> F. gloutir, etc.), swallow: see n. intrans. To form an edg-
dissimulation against his mind and conscience, e»-l and glut.] 1. To swallow or gulp down. ing or border run in a waving
;

Milton, Eilfonoklastes, . or indented line.

Lucretius English'd 1 'twas a worlc might shake
My particular grief . . .

Engluts and swallows other sorrows. engrailed (en-grald'), p. a.

The power of English verse to undertake.
Shak., Othello, I. 3. [Also ingrailed; < ME. engrelyd,
Otway, To Mr. Creech.
2. To fill to repletion ; glut. etc < engrail + -erfl.] In her.,
;

2. To furnish with English speech. [Rare.] Being once englutted with vanity, he will straightway cut into concave semicircular
Even a poor scantily -Englished Frenchman, who wasted loath all learning. Ascham, The Scholemaster. indents said of a line and also
:

time in trying to ask how long the cars stopped, . , made a Bend En-
.

engobe (en-gob'), n. [Origin not obvious.] .Any of the bearing, such as a fesse, Ardent,
a good dinner in spite of himself. grailed Gules.
IlowelU, Their Wedding Journey. earthy whit* or cream-colored paste used as a bordure, or the like, whose edge
slip in coating naturally colored pottery, in or- is broken in this way: as, a bordure engrailed.
3t. To express in 8X)eech; give an account of. Also engresU.
der to mask or tone down its coarser and less
A vain-glorious knight, over-engtuhing his travels. agreeable tint. Polwheel beareth a saltier engrail'd.
B. Jonaon, Every Man out of his Humour, Pref.
R. Carew, Survey of Cornwall.
The red or brown ware was coated with a thin coating
4. In hiUiards, to cause to twist or spin and to of white clay called an engobe or slip. engrailing (en-gra'ling), n. [Verbal n. of en-
assume a more or less sharply angular direction ft'heatley and Detamotte, Art Worlt in Earthenware, p. 22. grail, r. ] An ornament consisting of a broken or
after impact: as, he Englished his ball too The true Naukratian [ware], coated with a creamy white indented lino or band. Also written ingrailing.
much. [U. 8.] engobe, on which the decoration is laid in black or orange. engrailment (en-gral'ment), n.
[< engrail +
n. intrans. In billiards, to impart a twisting J. P. Taylor, AndoverEev., VII. 447.
-mcnt.] 1. A
ring of dots round the edge of a
or spinning motion to the cue-ball : as, I Eng- engoldt (en-gold'), V. t. [ME. engolden (tr. L. medal. 2. In her., the state of being engrail-—
hshfd just right. [II. 8.] inaurare); < en-1 gold.] +
To cover or adorn ed ; indentation in curved lines.
Engllshable (ing'glish-a-bl), a. [< English with gold. + Wyclif, Rev. xvii. 4 (Oxf.). Also written ingrailment.
-oEle.'] Capable oi being rendered in laiglish. engomphosis (en-gom-fo'sis), «. [NL., < Gr. engrain, engrainer. See ingrain, ingrainer.
Imp. Diet. <r, in, -1- -)U[i(^, a nail, tooth, -osis.] +
8ame engrapplet (en-grap'l), v. i. [< e»-l -1- grapple.]
Englisher (ing'glish-^r), n. An Englishman. as gomphosis. To gi'apple ; struggle at close quarters.
[Rare.] engbreH (en-gor'), v. t.\ pret. and pp. engored, There shall young Hotspur, with a fury led,
William the Bastard could scarce have found the hardy ppr. engoring. [< e»-l gore^.] + To make Engrapple with tliy son, as fierce as he,
Engliihert so easy a conqnest •* Walter the Well-Irani gory. Davies. Daniel, Civil Wars, iv.
may And these eunuch Romans. Buluxr, Rienzi, p. 138.
A most unmaidy noise was made with those he put to engraspt (en-grisp'), I'. *. [< e«-i grasj).] +
Englislimail (ing'glish-man), n. ;
pi. English- sword. To seize with a grasping hold; hold fast by in-
nun (-men). [< AlE. Englischman, Eugliscman, Of groans and outcries. The flood blush'd to be so much closing or embracing gi"ip.
;
< AS. Knglisc man (mon) (rare) (= D. Engelsch- engor'd
man = Ban. Engelskmand Sw. Engelskman), With such base souls.
= Chapman, Iliad, xii. 22, So both together flers engrasped bee,
Whyles Guyon standing by their uncouth strife does see.
as two words: Bee English a,jti man.'] 1. A
man engored (en-gor'), v. t. [< en-i -I- gore^.] 1. Spenser, F. Q., II. v. 20.
who was bom in or is a citizen of England To pierce ; gore ; wound. Engraulidse (en-grft'li-de), n.pl. Same as En-
in a broad sense, a man of the English race Lo where beyond he lyeth languishing,
! grauliilida:
who preserves his distinctive racial character, Deadly engored of a great wllde Bore. engranlidid (en-grft'li-did), n. fish of the A
wherever he resides. Spenser, F. Q., III. L 38.
family Kiigraulididw.
Where'er I wander, boast of this I can.
2. To infuriate.
Engraulididse (en-grft-lid'i-de), n.pl. [NL., <
Though banish 'd, yet a tme.bom Englishman. As salvage Bull, whom two fierce mastlves bayt, Engraiiliv -i<l(V.] +
family of malaeoptery- A
Shak., Rich. II., L a. When rancour doth with rage him once engore.
Forgets with wary warde them to awayt. gian fishes, typified by the genus Engraulis; the
Then presently again prepare themselvet to sing anchovies: a synonym of IStolephorida; (which
Spenser, F. Q., II. vIIL 42.
The sundry foreign Fields the Englishtnen had fought.
Drayton, Folyolblon, iv. 443. engorge (en-g6rj'), v.; pret. and pp. engorged, see). Al'^o Engraulida: See cut under anc/iOJ'y.
2. An English ship. j)pr. engorging. [Formerly also ingorge; \ F. Engraulina (en-gra-li'na), n. pi. [NL., < En-
He Indicated the lumping steamer that lay among the engorger (= Pr. engorgar, engorjar It. in-
graulis
= -ina.] +
In Giliither's classification of
fishes, the first group of Clupcida: They are char-
sailing-sbipa. 8he wasnotanfn^fuAnum, tbonghlremlljr
forget the nationality of the oolonr she Hew at the peak.
gorgare, ingorgiare), < en- +
gorge, the throat
a<;teri/,ed by liaving the mouth very wide and lateral the ;

W. C. RustU, A Strange Voyage, ir. aee gorge.] I. trans. If. To swallow; devour; intermaxillary very small and th-ndy united to the maxil-
gorge ; properly, to swallow with greediness lary, whiell is elongate, and scarcely protractile and the
EnglishneSS (mg'glish-nes), n. [< English +
or in large quantities. upi)er jaw projecting. The group is the same as the fam-
;

-iiisx.] The quality of being Enghsh, or of hav- ily Kii<iraulididai or Stolephorid<e..

That is the Gulfe of Orcedlnesse, they say.
ing English cnaracterigtics. [Rare.]
That deepe engorgeth all this worldes pray, Engraulis (en-gra'lis), n. [NL., < Gr. l-yypavXiq,
Easily recognized by lt« Engliahntss. Spenser, F. Q., II. xii. 3. a small fish (also called iyKpaaixo)^, < ejKpaai;,
Art Jour., April, 1888, p. 121.
2. To fill to excess ; gorge; specifically, in »icrf.,
a mixing in, -I- x'^^'K, X"^^/ E. galft, bile).] =
Englishry (ing'glish-ri), n. [< English -ry.] +
to fill to excess with blood ; cause hyperemia in.
The typical and most extensive genus of clu-
1. The state of being an Englishman. [Ar- —
Enxoised papilla, the edematous and swollen optic peoid fishes of the family Engraulididai. The
common anchovy, E. encrasiehobis, is the best-known
chaic] papilla associated with hyperemic and tortuous veins:
species. The genus is also called Stotephorus. See an-
The law of Englishry, by which a man found killed was same as ehoked disk. enovy.
held t') be a Krenctmian, andethe hundred was made re- II.t intrans. To devour; feed with eagerness
engra'vei (en-grav'), v. t. ; pret. engraved, vp.
sponniltle under thisspecial lAW, unless evidence could l>e or voracity.
brought to show that the slain man was an Englishman. engraved or engraven, ppr. engraving. [For-
Kor was It wonder that he thos did swell. merly also ingrave; < OF. engraver, F. engraver,
E. A. Freeman, Nonnan Conquest, V. 297. Who had engorged and drunken was with Hell.
" Englishry was not proved, therefore there are three engrave, < en- -I- graver, engrave : see ch-I and
J. Beaumont, Psyche, xv. 293.
fines.'* This refers to a rule made by the Conqueror, for grare^. The Gr. eyypaipeiv, cut into, engrave, is
the protection of his followers, that the hundred or town- engorgement (en-g6rj'ment), n. [< F. engorge-
related, it at all, only remotely: see graved.]
ship in which a foreigner was slain should be fined if the ment (= Pr. cngorjamen =
It. ingorgamento, in-
1. To cut in; make by incision; produce or
slayer was not produced. Pop. Set. Mo., XXVIII. fa. gorgiamento), \ engorger, engorge: see engorge
form by incision on a hard surface.
2. A population of English descent ; especial- tiua-ment.] 1. The act of swallowing greedily
ly, the persons of Engbsh descent in Ireland. —
a devouring with voracity. 2. In pathol., the Tonibe. These were the words that were iitgraven upon her
Coryat, Crudities, I. 5.
Eight years hail elapsed since an arm had been lifted state of being filled to excess, as the vessels of
To all these there be divers Witnesses, Ijoth '.Squires
up in the conquered Island (Ireland! against the domina- an organ with blood ; hyperemia ; congestion. and Ladies, whose Names ai'e engraven upon the Stone.
tion III the KiujUxhry. Moeaulay, Hist. Eng., xxv. —
3. In metal., the partial chok- lloWetl, Letters, I. vi. 9.
Presentment of Engllaluy, In old Eng. law, during the ing up of a blast-furnace by an "From Edith" was engraven on the blade.
dominion of the Nonnaus, a plea or claim l>efore the coro- Tennyson, Aylmer's Field.
ner, at an inquest on the death of an unknown man, that
accumulation of material not
the deceased was not a Nonnan. but English, and the vill thoroughly fused. Ordinarily 2. To imprint; impress deeply; infix.
or hundred was therefore not liable to the line which the oalloil scaffolding. It will scarce seem possible that God should engrave
dcimliiant mce lmpoae<l for the deatll of one who could tw
f»upp"s*-d to lie of their own number.
engouled (en-g5ld'), a. Same principles in men's minds in W(»rd8 of uncertain significa-
HS cngoiiUe. tion. Locke.
Englishwoman (ing'glish-wfmi'an), n. ; pi. engOTU^e (on-g8-la'), a. [P., 3. To cut or carve in sunken patterns ; incise
EnglMwiimrn (-wim'en). A
woman who is a fem.
pp. of ¥. engouler
A Bend Engoul^.
= with letters or figures, or with the lines repre-
native of England, or a member of the distinc-
tive English race.
engolir, engouller 8p. cngullir= =
Pg. engulir, senting any object: applied especially to work
The Old-English Kings almost always married English-
swallow up. < L. in, in, +
gula (> OF. goule, F. on metal, but also to work on stone and other
vmivn. gueule, etc.), the throat: see gidlet, gules.] In hard materials.
E. A. Freeman, Old Eng. Hist., p. 45.
)^er., swallowed; being swallowed. Specifically— So fond were the anclenta of these costly and Ijeantiful
englislet (eng'glis-let), n. In her., an escut- <a) An epithet applied to all bends, crosses, saltiers, etc., works that the Emperor Heliogabalus is recorded to have
cheon of pretense. when their extremities enter the mouths of animals. (6) covered his shoes with engraved gems. Fairholt.
 — ; ; ;

engrave 1934 Engyschistse

engrave^t (en-grav'), v. t, [< ew-i + graved.
grare^, i\ t."] To deposit in a grave; bury;
ter; inhume.
The 8Lxt had charge of them, now beiug dead,
In seemly sort their corses to eiirp-ave.
Spenser, F, Q.,
exigraTement (en-grav'ment)^ n. [< engrave^ +
-»«*w^] 1. The act of engraving, or the state of
being engi'aved. 2f. The work of an engraver;
an engraving.
We, . . being the offspring of God, ought not to think
.
that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, the
en'jracemeiU of art and man's device.
Barrow, Expos, of Decalogue.
engraver (en-gra'v^r), ?i. One who engraves
especially, an artist who produces ornaments,
patterns, or representations of objects by
means of incisions on a hard surface; specifi-
cally, one who produces such designs with a
view to the taking from them of impressions
in printers' ink or other pigment.
To work all manner of work, of the engraver, and of the
canning workman, and of tlie embroiderer. Ex. xxxv. 35.
Images are not made in the brain itself, as the pencil of
a painter or engraver makes the image in tlie table or
metal. Sir M. Hale, Orig. of Mankind, p. 47.
Engravers* sand-bag, a leather cushion tightly packed
with sand, used to prop up a copper plate at a convenient
working angle, or to permit the free movement of a plate or
wooden block, when tine lines are being engraved upon it.
engravervt (en-gra'v6r-i), n. [< engrave^
-cry.~\ Tne work of an engraver.
Some handsome engraveHes and medals.
Sir T. Browne, Miscellanies, p. 210.
engraving (en-gra'ving), «. [Verbal n. of en-
grave^yV?] 1 The act or art of cutting designs,
, 2. One who copies a writing in large fair char-
inscriptions, etc., on any hard substance, as
stone, metal, or wood. Many branches of the art,
as gem-engraving, cameo-cutting, and die-sinking, are of
great antiquity.
2. SpeeiJfically, the art of forming desi^s by
cutting, corrosion by acids, a photographic pro-
cess, etc., on the surface of metal plates or of
blocks of wood, etc., for the purpose of taking All thise tliinges engreggen the conscience.
off impressions or prints of the design so formed.
Wood-engraving appears to have come first into use, the engrievet (en-grev'), «?•
earliest dated wood-engraving, representing St. Christo-
pher, bearing the date of 1423, while the earliest engrav-
Cf. gauche, or oil paint, the engraver has to invent the lines,
in- which he cuts in such a manner as to render when print-
ed the exact shades of the original drawing a method
of engraving of comparatively recent origin.— Line-en-
gravlng, the art, methods, etc., of engraving in incised
lines on metal. Modem line- engravers frequently be-
I. x. 42. gin by etching, and complete their work with the dry-
point and the burin. After the design has been trans-
ferred to the etching-ground, and the parts to be bitten
in, such as grass, foliage, sea-waves, and the flowing lines
of draperies, have been drawn with the needle, all wliite
objects, such as drapery, satin, clouds, ice, the light parts
of water, etc., are stopped out, to preserve them from the
corroding acid. A ruling-machine, consisting of a straight
bar of steel with a sliding socket having a perpendicular
tube containing a diamond-pointed pen attached to its
side, is used to lay flat tints, such as clear-blue skies, in
parallel lines, either straight or curved, as the shape of
the object to be represented may demand. When the
plate has been bitten in, the ground is removed and the
unbitten parts are engraved with the burin. This instru-
ment is handled in various ways, according to tlie texture
of the oljject imder treatment, as by cross- hatchings, un-
dulating or straight lines, dots in lozenge-shaped or square
spaces formed by the intersection of lines, etc. ; care being
taken to avoid sameness of stroke, and to give as much
variety as possible to the necessarily more or less me-
chanical ])iitterns produced by a stiff unyielding instru-
ment—Photographic engraving, any method
graving in which an application of photography is a chief
factor in the production of the block or i)late from which
the impressions are taken.— PhotO-lntagliO engrav-
ing, any process for producing lines on a plate by photog-
raphy, and subsequently etching them in. Process en-
raving, a name often given to photographic engraving.
fIso called process. (See also etching, heliotypy, lithogra-
+ ph}/, mezzotint, photo-engraving, photogravure, etc.)
engreatent (en-gra'tn), v.
en.} To make great or greater;
gravate.
As sin is grievous in its own nature, so It is much en-
greatened by the circumstances which attend it.
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 396.
engredget, v* t. [ME. engredgen, engreggen,
OF. engregier, < ML. ^ingraviare for L. ingra-
varcy make heavy, weigh down, aggravate, <
iUy on, +
gravis, heavy. Cf. engrieve, and see
aggravate, aggrieve, aggredge.'] To aggravate
lie heavy on.
. .
.
Chaiwer, Parson's Tale.
[< ME. engreven, < OF.
engrever J grieve, aggi'ieve,< ch-
Barak&t, excited by this tale, became engrossed with the
desire of slaying his own father, whom he was made to be-
— lieve to be his father's murderer,
E. W. Lane, Modern Egyptians, II. 122.
6. To write out in a fair large hand or in a for-
mal or prescribed manner for preservation, as a
public document or record. The engrossing of docu-
ments was formerly executed in England, and for some
purposes till a late period, in a peculiai- hand, called the
engrossing-hand, derived from the ancient coiu-t-liaud,
nearly illegible to all but experts. The engrossing-liand
of the present day is a fair round hand, purpfisely made
as legible as possible. The engrossing of testimonials and
other commemorative documents is often a work of much
art involving the employment of ornamental characters
of various forms, and sometimes also of elaborate adorn-
ment, and a studied arrangement for effective display.
That the actes of the yelde and of other yelds precedents
shullen be enacted and engrossed in a quayer of parcliemyn.
English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 379.
Jack had provided a fair copy of his father's will, en-
grossed in form upon a large skin of parchment.
Tale of a Tub, xl.
Sivift,
= Syn. 3 and 4. Simllow up. Engulf, etc. (see absorb); to
lay hold of, monopolize.
of en- engrosser (en-gr6's6r), takes,
7t. 1. One who
or gets control of, the whole; a monopolizer;
specifically, a monopolizer of commodities or a
commodity of trade or business.
— A new sort of engrossers, or forestallers, having the
feeding and supplying this numerous body of workmen
in the woollen manufactures out of their warehouses, set
the price upon the poor landholder. Locke,
t [< en-l + great- Lord Bolingbroke tells us, that "we have lost the spirit
augment; ag- of our Constitution; and therefore we bear, from little
engrossersoi delegated power, that which our fathers would
not have suffered from true proprietors of the Royal au-
thority." V. Knox, Essays, cxix.
acters, or in an ornamental manner.
<
engrossing-hand (en-gro'sing-hand), w. The
handwriting employed in engrossing.
See en-
gross, 6.
engrossment (en-gros'ment), w. [< engross +
-ment,] 1. The act of engrossing; the appro-
priation of things in large or undue quantities
exorbitant acquisition. Shak., 2 Hen. IV., iv. 4.
— 2. The act of copying out in large fair or
ornamental characters as, the engrossmen i of a
+ grever, grieve. deed, or of a testimonial.
:

3. The copy of an —
ing worthy of the name from a metal plate was produced Cf. engredge and aggrieve,"] To grieve; pain.
instrument or writing made in large fair char-
by Maso Finignerra, a goldsmith of Florence, in 1452. For no thyng engreveth me. Bom. of the Base, 1. 3444.
yit
Relief-engraving on wood was, however, in use among the acters.
Aches, and hurts, and corns do engrieve either towards
Orientals at a far earlier period. In engraving on metal Which clause, being approved by all parties, was in the
the lines or murks which are to appear on the paper are rain or towards frost. Bacon, Nat. Hist. king's presence entered in the bill that his majesty had
sunk into the plate, and before being printed frtmi are filled engross (en-gros'), V. t. [Formerly also ingross; signed ; and being afterwards added to the engrossment,
with ink, the rest of tlie surface being cleaned ijefore tlie was again thus reformed. Clarendon, Life,
< ME, cngrossen, write large, < OF. engrossir, it II. 496.
impression is taken. On a block of wood the lines for
impression are left prominent, the blank parts being cut engroisser, engrossier, engroissier Sp. engrosar = 4. The
state of being engrossed or entirely
away, so that the wooden block serves as a type. Copper = Pg. engrossar =
It. ingrossare, < ML. ingros- occupied about something, to the exclusion of
and steel plates are printed from separately on a press spe- sare, make large, write large, engross, ingros- other things; appropriation; absorption.
cially adapted for this use wooden blocks, on the ordi-
;
sari, become large, < L. in- 4- LL. grossus, thick,
nary printing-press, commonly along with the accompany- In the engrossment of her own ardent and devoted love.
ing text The W(X)d generally used for fine engraving is gross, ML. also large : see gross.'] If. To make Bulvjer.
box, and the metals commonly employed by engravers are
copper and steel. Different methods or styles of engrav-
largfe or larger ; make additions to
increase in engrossure (en-gros'ur), n. [< engross
; -«re.] +
bulk or quantity. Same as engrossment, 4.
ing on steel or copper are known as aquatint, etching,
mezzotint, stipple, line-engraving, etc. For this they have engrossed and pil'd up Engrossure in his work. Missionary Rev., IX. 278.
The canker'd heaps of strange-achieved gold.
In t&c&\m\\Q engraving, .the drawing is made upon
. .
Shah, 2 Hen. IV., iv. 4.
enguardt (en-gard'), v, t [< OF. engarder, <
the wood with a pen or the point of a brush, generally by
another person, and all that the engraver does is just to Not sleeping, to engross his idle body. en- + garder, guard see en-^ and guard,]
: To
hollow all the little areas of wood that are left inkless. But praymg, to enrich his watchful soul. guard; defend.
P. G. Hamerton, Graphic Arts, p. 413. Shak., Rich. HI., iii. 7. A hundred knights ! Yes, that on every dream.
2\. To make thick or gross thicken. Each buz, each fancy, each complaint, dislike,
3. That which is engraved, or produced by en- ;
He may enguard his dotage with their powers,
graving; an engraved representation, or an The waves thereof so slow and sluggish were, And hold our lives in mercy.
4. Shak., Lear, i.

incised plate or block intended to be printed Engrost with mud. Spenser, F. Q., II. vi. 46.
enguicll6 (on-ge-sha')T «• [F., < OF. engtdche, <
from: as, an engraving on a monument or a 3. To take in the gross or in bulk; take the
whole of; get sole possession of; absorb com- In /ier., having
en- +
gtiiche^ a handle of a shield, buckler, etc.]
watch-ease ; a steel or a wood engraving. a rim around the mouth: said
With the work of an engraver in stone, like the en- pletely: with or without a??.
of a hunting-horn used as a bearing, and used
gravings of a signet, shalt thou engrave the two stones Cato misliking greatly the engrossing of offices in
with the name of the children of Israel.
. . ,
only when the rim is of a different tincture from
Ex. xxviii, 11. Rome that one man should haue many at once.
Puitenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 174. the rest of the horn.
4. An impression taken from an engraved
engulf, ingulf (en-, in-gulf '), v. t. [< OF, e7i-
plate or block; a print —
AnaglyptograpMc en-
graving, anastatic engraving. Hee the adjectives.—
If thou engrossest all the griefs as thine,
Thou robb'st me of a moiety. golfcr, engulf (= Sp. Pg. engolfar, get into
ureau of Engraving and Printing. See bureau.— Shak., All's Well, iii. 2. narrow sea-room, refi. plunge into a business,
Chalk engraving, a form of stipple engraving used to Now with my friend I desire not to share or participate, It. inqolfare, engulf), < L. in = ML. golftis, +
imitate dr:i,winL,'-s macie in chalk. The grain of the chalk but to engross his sorrows. guJfiis (6F. golfe, etc.), gulf: see gulf.] 1. To
drawing is reproduceil by irregular dots of different forms Sir T. Brounie, Religio Medici, ii. 5.
and sizes.— Copperplate engraving, the art of engrav-
swallow up in or as in a gulf or whirlpool;
These negroes. In fact, like the monks of the dark ages,
ing on prepared plates of copper for pnnting. Totheplate engross all the knowledge of the place, being in-
overwhelm by swallowing or submerging.
. . .

is given a surface wiiich is perfectly plane and highly p<d- finitely more adventurous and more knowing than their You begin to believe that the hat was invented for the
ished. It next heated sufficiently to melt wax, with
is masters. Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 99. sole purpose of imndfing coppers, and that its highest
which it is then rubbed over, so that when cooled it is
covered with a white skin, to which the design or drawing Specifically —
4. To monopolize the supply of,
type is the great Triregno itself, into which the pence of
Teter rattle. Lowell, Fireside Travels, p. 310.
is transferred. The engraver, with a steel point, follows or the supplies in get entire possession or con-
the lines of the drawing, pressing lightly so as to penetrate
;
2. To cast into or as into a gulf.
trol of, for the purpose of raising prices and
through the wax and line faintly the copper surface be- we adjoin to the lords, whether they prevail or not,
neath. The wax is then melted off, the surface cleaned, enhancing profits as, to engross the importa- weIfcn^M^f
:
ourselves into assured danger. Hayivard.
and the engraving is proceeded with, a burin or graver tions of tea ; to engross the market for wheat.
being used to cut the lines, a scraper to remove the slight Some by engrossing of looms into their hands, and let- engulfment, ingulfment (en-, in-gulf 'ment), w.
bur raised by the burin, and a burnisher to soften or tone ting them out at such unreasonable rents. l< engulf] ingulf, -ment,] The act of engulf- +
down the lines and remove scratches. Tlie engraver uses Act of Philip and Mary, quoted in English Gilds ing, or the state of being engulfed.
also a woolen rubl)er and a little olive-oil to clean the face [(E. E. T. S.), Int., p. clxiii.
of the plat«, in order to render the condition of his work The formation of the crevasses was violent, accompanied
plainly visible and this rubber serves also to polish tiff
;
What your people had you haue ingrossed, forbidding l)y an explosive noise and, where they traversed villages, ;

the burs.— FaCSlnille engraving, engraving on wood, them our trade. escajie from ingulfment was by no means easy.
in which every line is eitluT drawn on the block or else Quoted in Capt. John Smith's True Travels, I. 207. Science, V. 351.
photographed from pen or pencil drawing in reduced size, 6. To occupy wholly take up or employ en- engynt, engynef, n. Obsolete variants oi engine.
;
the work of the engraver being to remove the wood from
between these lines. This is the earliest method of wood-
the exclusion of other things as, busi- Engyscllistse (en-jis-kis'te), n. pi, [KL., < Gr.
tirely, to :

engraving, and is called facdrnile in contradistinction to ness engrosses his attention or thoughts to be eyyvg, near (with ref. to naiTowness), + ax^^'''^*
;

tint engraving, in which, the drawing being in wash, engrossed in study. verbal adj. of cxi^^tv, cleave.] In GUnther's
 ;; :

Engyschistse 1935 enigma

iehthyologieal system, the second subfamily of O true delight eriharboring the brests
!
nivorous quadrupeds, of the family Mustelidce;
Of those sweet creatures with the plumy crests.
ilura-nUlo!, cliaracterized by the reduction of the sea-otters. The hind feet are greatly enlarged and
W. Broivne, Britannia's Pastorals, i. 3.
the branchial apertures in the pharynx to nar- fully webbed, somewhat resembling seals' flippers; the
row slits, whence the name. It includes the enhardent (en-har'dn), V. t. [< en-l + harden.^ fore feet are small ; the tail is comparatively short ; the
To harden encourage embolden. muzzle is blunt the cranial portion of the skull is very
typical Murcenida, or morays. See cut under ; ;
;

prominent; and the teeth are all lilunt, 32 in all, but there
Murirnidw. France useth to enharden one with confidence
. . are no median lower incisors. There is but one living
engyscope (en'ji-skop), ». [Less prop, engi- for the gentry of France have a kind of loose becoming genus, Eohydris. Also Enhydrina.
boldness. Howell, Foreign Travel, p. 11)2. Enhydris (eu'M-dris), ».
scope ; < Gr. eyyii, near (with ref . to narrow- [NL., < Gr. IvvSpic,
ness), +
auKTclv, view.] kind of reflecting A enharmonic, enharmonical (en-har-mon'ik, an otter, < cvvdpo^, in water, living in water:
microscope. -i-kal), a. [= F. enharmonique Sp. enar- = see enhydrotis.'\ 1. A
genus of reptiles. 2. —
enhabilet, v. An obsolete form of enable. mdnico =
Pg. enharmonieo It. enarmonico, < = The typical genus of sea-otters of the subfam-
enhabitt (en-hab'it), v. t. See inhabit. Gr. ivapftoviKoq, usually ivapfiAvto^, in accord or ily Enhydrinx. The grinding-teeth are of peculiar
enhablet, r. t. An obsolete form of enable. harmony, < hv, in, -t- dp/iovia, harmony: see har- shape, without any trenchant edges or acute cusps, all
being bluntly tubercular on the crowns, and rounded off
enhalo (en-ha'lo), r. t. [< en-l + halo."] To mony, harmonic.^ In Gr. music, pertaining 1. in contour. The palms of the fore feet are naked, with
surround with a halo or glory. [Rare.] to that genus or scale that is distinguished from
Her captain still lords it over our memories, the greatest the diatonic and the chromatic by the use of in-
sailor that ever sailed the seas, and we should not look at
Sir John Cranlclin himself with such admiring Interest tm
tervals of less than a semitone. 2. In mod. —
music: (a) Pertaining to a scale or an instru-
that with which we enhaloed some larger boy who had
made a vuyaye iii her [the sloop Harvard]. ment using smaller intervals than a semitone.
Loufell, Fireside Travels, p. 41. (6) Pertaining to a use of notes which, though
enhalset (en-hals'), r. <. l<en-l + halse.} To differing in name and in position on the staff,
clasp round the neck ; embrace. refer on instruments
The other me enhaljie.
of intonation,
fixed and
With welcome now welcome out of like the
pianoforte,
cosin, Wales.
Mir. /or Magt., p. 406. to identical keys or
^ '"'

(en-bins'), r. ; pret. and pp. enhanced, tones; thus (a) are enharmonieally distinct,
enhance
but practically identical Enharmonic change
(£^
ppr. enhancing. [Formerly also inhance; early
or modulation, a change of