KU Interlocking WaysideObjectController 190209

Interlocking
and Wayside Object Controller
Event: Kasetsart University

Presenter: Mr.Thaninrath Utthajaruneroj
Team: Common Interlocking
Date: 16-Feb-2019
Thaninrath Utthajaruneroj
Role: Senior Engineer

Experiences/Projects:
• CBI Work Package Leader
© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

• BTS, Thailand
• CBI Design Engineer
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

• Delhi Metro Line 7, India
• Purple Line, Thailand
• Melbourne Metro Rail, Australia
2
Previous class: Basic Design for Railway Signalling
▪ Signalling concept
▪ Signalling equipment

▪ Signalling layouts
▪ Signalling plan
▪ Control table

3
Interlocking & Wayside Object Controller
Contents
1 PRINCIPLES
2 TYPES OF INTERLOCKING

3 INTERLOCKING FUNCTIONS

4 WAYSIDE OBJECT CONTROLLERS
5 Q&A
4
PRINCIPLES
Basic Principles of a Railway Signaling System
Signals Visually displays information to train drivers and traffic controllers

Train Detection Identifies the locations of trains e.g. Track Circuit and Axle Counter
Points/Switch

Manages the direction of trains at junctions or diverts trains
Prevents conflicting train movements, ensures locking of signals and

Interlocking points
Traffic
Enables the signaller to operates/monitors the train movements
Management
System and wayside equipment
5
PRINCIPLES
Interlocking Principles
Purpose of Interlocking :
All parts of Signaling system shall be interlocked to minimize the likelihood of collision and
derailment and consequential personal injury or damage.

Facilities to be provided :
The interlocking system shall provide facilities that enable the signaler to:
▪ Request movement authorities

▪ Withdraw movement authorities
▪ Provide signaling functions
6
Contents
1 PRINCIPLES


5 Q&A
7
TYPE OF INTERLOCKING

+ MECHANICAL INTERLOCKING
+ ELECTRO-MECHANICAL INTERLOCKING

+ RELAY INTERLOCKING
+ ELECTRONIC INTERLOCKING
8
TYPES OF INTERLOCKING
Mechanical Interlocking
▪ In mechanical interlocking plants, a “locking bed” is

constructed, consisting of steel bars forming a grid
▪ The levers that operate switches, derails, signals or
other appliance are connected to the bars running in

one direction
▪ If the function controlled by a given lever conflicts with
that controlled by another lever, mechanical
interference is set up in the “cross locking’ between the
two bars, in turn preventing the conflicting lever
movement from being made
9
Electro-mechanical Interlocking
▪ Mechanical and electrical levers were combined in

such a manner that a common locking bed would
assure safety and facility of operation
▪ If the lever is free to move based on the locking bed,

contacts on the levers actuate the switches and signals
which are operated electrically or electro-pneumatically
10
Relay Interlocking
▪ Purely electrically consist of complex circuitry made up

of relays in an arrangement of relay logic that ascertain
the state or position of each signal appliance
▪ Interlocking operated solely by electrical circuitry may

be operated locally or remotely with the large
mechanical levers of previous systems being replaced
by buttons, switches or toggles on a panel or video
interface
11
Electronic Interlocking

▪ Running and controlled by software logic on special-
purpose control hardware

▪ Computer-Based Interlocking receives commands from
railway traffic control centre and evaluates them with
respect to traffic safety rules and the actual traffic
situation
12
Computer-Based Interlocking (CBI)
▪ CBI as a whole is formed of Central Interlocking System

(CIS) and Object controller system (OCS)
▪ The CIS performs the interlocking function, receiving and

evaluating commands from the Control Centre (TMS) by

means of vital or non-vital communication, sending orders to
the OCS, receiving status information from the OCS and
sending status indications back to the control centre.

▪ Receive message from wayside objects for calculating the
trains location
▪ Provide safe movement authority to the trains
▪ The OCS controls the wayside objects, such as signals and

point machines, receiving and executing orders from the
CIS, monitoring object status and sending status information
back to the central interlocking system.
13
Central Interlocking System (CIS)
▪ The fail-safe processing units (FSPU), A and B

computers perform the interlocking function in
parallel, receiving commands from the control
centre and evaluating them with respect to traffic
safety (interlocking) rules.

▪ Both vital and non-vital communication is
supported, where vital communication is
guarded by means of safety layer.
▪ The service processing unit, (SPU) C performs

service functions such as input/output from/to
the control centre and the object controller
system (via the transmission system).
▪ It also interfaces the FSPU A and B, sending
information received from the control centre and
the object controller system and receiving
information to be sent to the control centre and
the object controller system. The central
interlocking system software is proprietary.
▪ Maintenance Terminal (MT) is a diagnostic tool.
14
CIS - Functional Overview
On-line

FSPU (VPC_A and VPC_B)
- Used only for advanced
SPU C (VPC_C) DSW
Fault finding
External connections: Internal communication
- Cross comparison
OCS, ITI, RBC, COS/CTC, Online-standby

Maintenance terminal
Power
Standby
15
16
Evolution

Contents
1 PRINCIPLES


5 Q&A and WORKSHOP
17
INTERLOCKING FUNCTIONS
Topics
+ Route Setting

+ Route Canceling
+ Signaling

+ Route Protection
+ Other Operations
18
19
CBI Interfaces

Route Setting
Purposes of route setting:
1. To indicate the path of each train movement and manage traffics.
2. To lock all wayside objects, so the train can move safely and in the

correct path.
3. To help evaluate the movement authority of the train against the safety
conditions of the route. Each route is provided with route protection

functions.
20
Route Setting
S5-W Platform
G02 H6001 H6051
T5003

S6 Platform
T5004

G0001 H6052
H6002
S5-S Platform
Route setting:
1. Checking conflicting route
2. Point is switching to correct position according to control table
21
Route Lock
S5-W Platform
G02 H6001 H6051
T5003

S6 Platform
T5004

G0001 H6052
H6002
S5-S Platform
Route locking:
1. Reserve all track sections in the route.
2. Wayside object is locked under the route locking.
3. Prevent conflicting routes.
22
Route Setting
Types of Routes:
The category of signaling route, which determines the controls to be applied
to that routes and circumstances under which it may be set e.g. Main route,
Shunt route and Call-on route.

▪ Main route: These are routes for normal train movements. Trains operate
normally between the stations on the "free tracks".

▪ Shunt route: These routes support Shunting movements do occur at speeds of
up to 25 km/h "on sight". This means the driver must verify himself (by looking out the
window) that the track is free and can be driven safely.
▪ Call-on route: A route that is provided to permit a train movement into the route.
Allows the driver to proceed cautiously for as far as the line is clear.
23
Signaling
Signal - Colour Light meanings :
Aspect Meaning Indication to the driver

Stop Stop at signal

Caution Proceed with caution
Proceed Proceed
24
Signaling
Conditions for Proceed aspect:

1. A route is set.
2. All points in the route are in position required by the route.

3. Wayside objects in the route do not fail.
4. For a Main route, there is no train in the route (all tracks are free).

5. All route protections are okay. (Overlap, Flank, and Foul protections).
6. The end signal is not broken.
7. No maintenance or emergency operations, such as Signal Blocking or
Emergency Stop Plunger.
The type of signal, the type of route, and aspect sequence function
determine the colour of the aspect.
25
26
Signaling
Aspect Sequence

Route Protection
Overlap
The "overlap" is the distance allowed for the train to stop in if it passes a

signal showing a stop aspect.
Train#2 Train#1

T1 T3 T5 T7 T9
Overlap
Route area
area
27
Route Protection
Flank Protection
A means of protecting movements of trains across junctions to prevent any

other unauthorized movement coming into contact with it.

28
Route Protection
Types of Flank Protection:
1. Flank Point - Flank Point object is locked in the position that prevents
another train from entering the route.

Example:
S2 S4

S1 S3
▪ Point P2 is required to lock as a Flank Point object in NORMAL

position before signal S2 can show Proceed.
29
Route Protection
2. Flank Signal - Flank Signal object is proven to show STOP

Example:
S2 S9

S4 S6
▪ Signal S4 and S9 are facing the route and are required to show
STOP to prevent another train from entering the route.
▪ ** This might not be enough.
30
Route Protection
3. Flank Track - Flank Track object is proven to be Free from trains.

This functions is normally used with Flank Signal function.

Example:
S2 S9

S4 S6
▪ No train is on the track T8 and track T5.
31
Route Protection
Fouling Point
The location on two converging tracks to which trains may run safely on both

lines without coming into contact with each other.

32
Route Canceling
Sectional Route Release

A train has passed the start signal in proceed aspect. The first route is
released by train passage when the first track is clear and train fully
occupied to the second track. All tracks between start signal and end track
are clear and released by train passage in sequentially.

33
S5-W Platform
G02 H6001 H6051
T5003

S6 Platform
T5004

G0001 H6052
H6002
S5-S Platform
34
S5-W Platform
G02 H6001 H6051
T5003

S6 Platform
T5004
H6052

G0001
H6002
S5-S Platform
35
S5-W Platform
G02 H6001 H6051
T5003

S6 Platform
T5004

G0001 H6052
H6002
S5-S Platform
36
S5-W Platform
G02 H6001 H6051
T5003

S6 Platform
T5004

G0001 H6052
H6002
S5-S Platform
37
S5-W Platform
G02 H6001 H6051
T5003

S6 Platform
T5004

G0001 H6052
H6002
S5-S Platform
38
S5-W Platform
G02 H6001 H6051
T5003

S6 Platform
T5004

G0001 H6052
H6002
S5-S Platform
39
Route Canceling
Automatic Route Release

For some specific route according to control table, route can be released
with time delay when train fully occupies at the destination track.
The route can also be released when the train continues to move into the
connected route or a specific area before time elapses.

40
80 km/h S5-W Platform

G02 H6001 H6051
T5003

S6 Platform
T5004

G0001 H6052
H6002 H6006
35 km/h
80 km/h S5-S Platform
41
80 km/h S5-W Platform

G02 H6001 H6051
T5003

S6 Platform
T5004

G0001 H6052
H6002 H6006
35 km/h
80 km/h S5-S Platform
42
Route Canceling
Manual Route Release
Manual Route Release command is given at start of route or end of route.

The start signal shall replace to stop when manual released is applied and

route will not be released by train passage.
Emergency Route Release

Emergency Route Release command is given at start of route or end of
route and needs a confirmation.
43
Other Operations
Examples:
1. Manual Point Switching – Manually switch a point machine to the desired

position.

1. Point Blocking (Individual Point Locking) – Manually lock a point to prevent it
from switching.
2. Track Blocking – Manually block a track, so route setting through the track is not

possible.
3. Signal Blocking – Force the signal to show STOP and/or prevent route setting
from the signal.
4. Local Point Operation – Allow a point to be switched manually from the wayside
using Crank handle.
5. Signal Passed at Danger (SPAD) – Send alarm to TMS when a train passes a
STOP signal
44
CONTROL TABLES
Control Table Example
An example of Control Table
GENERAL ROUTE CONTROLS SIGNAL CONTROLS
ROUTE POINT SET OR FREE TO GO APPROACH LOCKING AX SECTION FREE
CONFLICT APPLIED WHEN SIGNAL SIGNAL OVERLAP

TYPE NO. FLEETING FOUL/FLANK POINTS DETECTED
DIRECTION FROM TO ROUTE FLANK OVERLAP ROUTES CLEAR AND AX SECTIONS INDICATION ROUTE FOUL/FLANK
CONTROLS #3
OCCUPIED #1 #2, #3
MAIN H0114(1M) NORMAL H0114 H0122 NO T0110N - T0114N H0126(2M) F0114 W F0118 =F0154 OR F0130 AS PER POINT SET OR FREE TO GO

(SB) H0118(1M)_T0102N F0122 T0118R
H0118(1M)_T0102R F0126
H0110(1M)
H0110(2M)
MAIN H0114(2M)_T0122N NORMAL H0114 H0134 NO T0110R T0105N T0122N H0126(1M)_T0118N F0114 W F0118 - F0162 AS PER POINT SET OR FREE TO GO
(SB) T0118N T0109N H0130(2M)_T0102N F0122
H0130(2M)_T0102R F0154
H0110(1M) F0158
H0110(2M)

MAIN H0114(2M)_T0122R NORMAL H0114 H0134 NO T0110R T0105N T0122R H0130(2M)_T0102N F0114 W F0118 - F0162 AS PER POINT SET OR FREE TO GO
(SB) T0118N T0114N T0109R H0130(2M)_T0102R F0122 F0125
H0125(2M)_T0118N F0154
H0110(1M) F0158
H0110(2M)
MAIN H0117(1M) NORMAL H0117 H0109 NO T0105N T0118N - H0121(1M) F0121 W F0117 - F0109 AS PER POINT SET OR FREE TO GO
(NB) H0105(3M)_T0105N F0113
H0113(2M)
MAIN H0118(1M)_T0102N REVERSE H0118 H0110 NO T0110N T0126N T0106N H0122(1M) F0126 W F0122 =F0154 OR F0110 AS PER POINT SET OR FREE TO GO
(SB) T0101N T0102N H0106(2M) F0118 T0118R F0106
H0114(1M) F0114
MAIN H0118(1M)_T0102R REVERSE H0118 H0110 NO T0110N T0126N T0106N H0122(1M) F0126 W F0122 =F0154 OR F0110 AS PER POINT SET OR FREE TO GO
(SB) T0102R H0105(2M) F0118 T0118R F0106
T0101R H0114(1M) F0114 F0105
MAIN H0121(1M) REVERSE H0121 V0105 NO T0109N T0122N - H0117(1M) F0121 W F0125 - F0137 AS PER POINT SET OR FREE TO GO
(NB) H0205(1M) F0129
H0206(1M) F0133
H0125(1M)
45
CONTROL TABLES
Y23
T9 T10
Y11 X11 Y21 X21
P1 P3
T1 T3 T5 T7 T11

P2
T2 T4 T6 T8 T12
Y12 X12 X22

Y22
Route Signal and Signal

Type Route To. Aspect Track Cleared Point Locked Flank Overlap
no route no. Ahead
P1(Normal)
1 ML X11 X21 G G/R T3, T5, T7 P2(N), T9, Y23 T11
P3(Normal)
P1(Reverse)
X11, T6,, Y22, T9,
2 ML X12 X21 G G/R T4, T3, T5, T7 P2(Reverse) T11
Y23
P3(Normal)
3 ML X12 X22 G G/R
46
CONTROL TABLES
Y23
T9 T10
Y11 X11 Y21 X21
P1 T3 P3
T1 T5 T7 T11

P2
T2 T4 T6 T8 T12
Y12 X12 X22

Y22

no route no. Ahead
P1(Normal)
P3(Normal)
P1(Reverse)
X11, T6,, Y22, T9,
Y23
P3(Normal)
3 ML X12 X22 G G/R
47
CONTROL TABLES
Y23
T9 T10
Y11 X11 Y21 X21
P1 P3
T1 T3 T5 T7 T11

P2
T2 T4 T6 T8 T12
Y12 X12 X22
Y22

no route no. Ahead
P1(Normal)
P3(Normal)
P1(Reverse)
X11, T6,, Y22, T9,
Y23
P3(Normal)
3 ML X12 X22 G G/R T4, T6, T8 P2(Normal) P1(N) T12
48
Contents
1 PRINCIPLES


5 Q&A and Workshop
49
WAYSIDE OBJECT CONTROLLERS
4 WAYSIDE OBJECT CONTROLLER

+ OVERVIEW
+ WAYSIDE EQUIPMENT

+ OBJECT CONTROLLER
50
51
Overview
TMS
Yard object
Interlocking
Object controller

Wayside Equipment
Traffic Management System
Interlocking

Technicians
ILU On line console
Hot-Standby

Concentrator loop
Object Controller
OC OC OC OC
Point Signal Track circuit
Automatic Level
Line Block crossing
V
V
52
53
Wayside Equipment

Example of Point Object Controller
OBJECT
CONTROLLER

OBJECT

POINT
54
55
▪ Scalability to support different architecture

Questions &
answers
Thank you
very much!
Event: Kasetsart University

Presenter: Mr.Thaninrath Utthajaruneroj
Team: Common Interlocking
Date: 16-Feb-2019

KU Interlocking WaysideObjectController 190209

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Interlocking

and Wayside Object Controller

Event: Kasetsart University

Role: Senior Engineer

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

• CBI Design Engineer

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

• Purple Line, Thailand

• Melbourne Metro Rail, Australia

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

Signals Visually displays information to train drivers and traffic controllers

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

Prevents conflicting train movements, ensures locking of signals and

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

▪ In mechanical interlocking plants, a “locking bed” is

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

▪ Mechanical and electrical levers were combined in

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

▪ Purely electrically consist of complex circuitry made up

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

▪ CBI as a whole is formed of Central Interlocking System

▪ The CIS performs the interlocking function, receiving and

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

▪ Provide safe movement authority to the trains

▪ The OCS controls the wayside objects, such as signals and

▪ The fail-safe processing units (FSPU), A and B

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

5 Q&A and WORKSHOP

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

Signal - Colour Light meanings :

Aspect Meaning Indication to the driver

© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL