HYDRODYNAMIC BEARING

INTRODUCTION

Hydrostatic bearings and hydrodynamic bearings are fluid film bearings

that rely on a film of oil or air to create a clearance between the moving and
stationary elements. Although they may be similar in appearance, hydrostatic
and hydrodynamic bearings are different in operation from plain bearings. Plain
bearings are simple, inexpensive bearings in which the shaft comes in contact
with the bearing surface during operation, and uses a lubricant to reduce the
friction between the sliding surfaces. In contrast to plain bearings, hydrostatic
and hydrodynamic bearings are more expensive and complex in design. Typical
applications for hydrostatic and hydrodynamic bearings are machine tool
spindles and slides; applications that require precise movement and high
stiffness.

Hydrostatic bearings and hydrodynamic bearings are both classified as

types of fluid bearings. Since there are no direct contact between the bearing
and the moving surface, the generation of heat during machine operation is due
to oil shear. Although hydrostatic and hydrodynamic (or fluid dynamic)
bearings both support the load on a thing film of fluid (oil or air), they differ in
how the fluid layer is generated

During the past few years hydrodynamic journal bearings have got great
attention from analytical and practical engineers. Due to wide range of
engineering application such as pumps, compressors, turbines, nuclear reactors,
precision machine tools, the growth of journal bearing technology increases in
considerable amount. Fluid film lubrication is hydrodynamic phenomenon
characterized by a lubricant flowing in narrow gap between closely spaced
surfaces; it avoids solid to solid contact and thus reduces friction and wear in
significant amount which results in increases component life.

In this report various research papers have been studied and analysed
which consist of various parameters such as use of nano-lubricants, effect of
texturing on the inner surface of the hydrodynamic bearings, Pressure
distribution and friction coefficient of hydrodynamic journal bearing,
Experimental investigations on water lubricated hydrodynamic Bearing and
Analysis of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Using Fluid Structure Interaction
Approach
 The following table shows list of the research papers / journal papers that have
been studied and analysed

SR ISSN/ISBN DATE OF
TITLE AUTHOR NAME
NO. NO. PUBLISH

1 Theoretical Analysis of Journal Tushar P.

Bearing With Nano-lubricants 2395-1990 15 June 2015
Gundarneeya

Effect of surface texturing on Shahab Hamdavi,

1, January
2 hydrodynamic performance of H. H. Ya and 1819-6608
T. V. V. L. N. Rao 2016
journal bearings
Pressure distribution and Kaustubh S. 978-93- 26,
3 friction coefficient of Zambre, Pramod 86171-31-3 February2017
hydrodynamic journal bearing
R. Mali,
Experimental investigations on Procedia
Ketan Tamboli,
4 water lubricated hydrodynamic Technology ( 26 June 2016
K Athre 2016 ) 68 – 75
Bearing
Analysis of Hydrodynamic Dinesh Dhande
Journal Bearing Using Fluid , 8- August
5 2231-5381
Structure Interaction Dr D W Pande, 2013
Approach Vikas Chatarkar

Description / conclusion found from above research papers

1. Title : Theoretical Analysis of Journal Bearing With Nano-lubricants
In this research paper study on use of nano- lubricants along with raw oil
has been studied also various effects on the properties of the oil was found
and analysed. As we know a journal bearing works on hydrodynamic
lubrication and supports load in radial direction. The disadvantage of raw oil
is that it comes in contact with water as in application like steam turbine etc
due to condensation or end leakage which decreases the viscosity of oil. The
high load condition also has an effect on viscosity of oil.
The use of nano- lubricant increases the load carrying capacity, improves
viscosity index, works as anti-oxidant agent, corrosion inhibitors, and
extreme pressure agents, and dispersants, anti-foaming agents, anti-wear
agent. Also if we increase the concentration of the nano particles the friction
force increases, end leakage, and altitude angle decreases.
In this paper the it represents the properties of nano-oil which composed
of refrigerant oil and fullerene nanoparticles in the sliding thrust bearing of
 scroll compressors. At a speed of 1800 rpm the Coe. Of friction was 0.2 and
without nano particles it was 0.3 thus nano-particles increases the lubricant
property of oil.

2. Title: Effect of surface texturing on hydrodynamic performance of journal

bearings.
This research paper was about the effect of different surface texture if
introduced on the inner surface of the bearing regarding their performance
with and without the surface texture. There are two examples of texturing i.e.
partial and full texturing. Tonder was the first to mention the partial texturing
he found that putting series of dimples or roughness increases the load carrying
capacity and more oil film pressure. Carrying out many numerical
investigation and combination of textures and considering different parameters
all studies conclude that it has positive effect on the performance of the
bearing but choosing the texture is important on this basis of the application of
bearing.

Also a comparative study has been carried out between the partially
textured bearing and plain bearing using parameters such as textured length and
depth, load carrying capacity and oil film pressure distribution at eccentricity
ratio 0.1, 0.2. From the numerical solution it was found that the load carrying
capacity and a significant improvement achieved for oil film pressure at n = 0.1
and n = 0.2 considering two textured angle length Ɵg = 30 and Ɵg = 60.

3. Title : Pressure distribution and friction coefficient of hydrodynamic

journal bearing
This research paper gives an overview of the working of the
hydrodynamic bearing and its application it various fields. It also gives a
brief idea of the important equation involved in evaluating the various
parameters of the bearing with the assumption taken into account during the
evaluation of the parameters. The equation mentioned are the Reynolds
equation, sommerfield equation, balance equation and flow velocity equation.
From this paper we get a brief idea of the working of the bearing such as that
starting there is metal to metal contact so starting friction is high but once the
journal starts rotating the power loss due to friction is reduced due to forming
of oil film around the journal. As the journal rotates the pressure is produced
due to the wedge effect i.e. the decreasing area between the journal and
bearing
4. Title : Experimental investigations on water lubricated hydrodynamic
Bearing
This research paper is based on the use of water as lubricant in the
hydrodynamic bearing instead of using the oil though water has a low viscosity
and corrosive nature on the ferrous metals. It is used in applications such as
bearings of the plants (such as nuclear power plant) in which it is used as the
process fluid. In this bearing are designed using (i)ESDU charts (ii)Reason and
Narang technique (iii)Cameron method (iv)Raimondi and Boyd method. As
water is used the material used is non-ferrous i.e. the acrylic (Perspex) for
bearings and stainless steel for journals. It is seen that if working fluid is used as
lubricant in the bearing the it simplifies the construction of numerous
mechanisms. If it is used in pumps and turbines the process fluid i.e. water as
lubricant reduces the overall dimension as there is no need of dividing seals and
other auxiliary equipments such as the tanks etc. The use of water as a lubricant
avoids contamination of the machine with environmentally unacceptable
lubricants, in many applications such as in nuclear reactors. Thus considering
above methods and carrying out the experiment with help of apparatus as
follows an overhead water tank for gravity fed lubricant to bearing. The
pumping of water is done to fill tank from floor level tank, the wattmeter is used
in circuit to measure the power consumption, the observations are taken once
the flow and operation becomes steady state, the bearings are loaded by weight
pan., non contact tachometer. It was found that the experimental value agrees
with the theoretical values and though the experiment was designed for
3000rpm it was used for 2000 rpm because above 2000 rpm there were stability
limitations.

5. Title : Analysis of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Using Fluid Structure

Interaction Approach
This research paper consist of anyalzing the journal bearing using fluid
structure interaction approach. For this method a dedicated software i.e is
Ansys is used to carry out the study and analyzing the bearing. The
experimental approach that is by using the different journal models for different
speed is used. In all the negative pressures is set to abient pressure for
neglecting the effect of cavitation. The geometry and meshing is done with the
help of pre-processor GAMBIT and the CFD- FSI analysis is done with ANSYS
Fluent and multiphysics modules. By carrying out the mesh operation and
specifying the different boundary condtions result are obtained and are plotted.it
was founf that by using this approach valuses obtained agree with the
experimental apporoach. Thus it provides a good platform which provides
values for deformation due hydrodynamic forces and which are significant and
should considered for accurate performance of bearing in any condtion.