AiDAwie qIjw

AwDuink pMjwbI FwfI kwiv: ivSy qy ivcwrDwrw

pMjwbI FwfI kwiv dy iviSAW qy ivcwrDwrw au~pr ivcwr krn leI kuJ
zrUrI nukiqAW pRqI spSt hox dI zrUrq hY[ pihlI g`l qW ieh hY ik
AwDuink FwfI kvIAW dI igxqI sYNkiVAW iv`c hY Aqy hryk kvI ny bhuq swry
iviSAW nUM AwpxI pySkwrI dw AwDwr bxwieAw hY[ ieauN FwfI kwiv iv`c pyS
hoey iviSAW dI sUcI bhuq vsIh hY[ ies leI FwfI kwiv dy swry iviSAW nUM
Al`g-Al`g kr ky ie`ko AiDAwie dI sImw iv`c ivcwrnw sMBv nhIN[ ies
leI FwfI kwiv dy iviSAW nUM kuJ Aijhy vrgW iv`c vMf ky ivcwirAw jwvygw
ijs iv`c ivSy nwl sMbMiDq v`D qoN v`D p`KW bwry g`l kIqI jw sky[ dUjw nukqw
ieh hY ik FwfI kwiv pRmu`K rUp iv`c ie`k pUry pRsMg, GtnwkRm jW khwxI nUM pyS
krdw hY[ ie`k khwxI dy AMqrgq pyS iviBMn siQqIAW nwl sMbMiDq hr kivqw
dw Awpxw ivl`Kx ivSw huMdw hY jW ho skdw hY[ ies leI ie`k khwxI, Gtnw
kRm jW pRsMg ie`ko mu`K ivSy nwl sMbMiDq huMdw hoieAw vI Awpxy iv`c Anyk gOx
iviSAW nUM vI smo lYNdw hY[ iPr vI FwfI pRsMg dw mu`K ivSw Aqy gOx ivSy iksy
iksm dI Arwijkqw nUM jnm nhIN idMdy sgoN ie`k kivqw iv`c pyS ho irhw
invyklw ivSw rcnwqimk pRbMD iv`c pRkwrjI BUimkw inBwauidAW mu`K ivSy nUM
gihrweI jW ivsQwr dyx dy nwl hI rcnw dy ivcwrDwrweI srokwrW dI pCwx vI
sQwipq kr irhw huMdw hY[ ie`Qy ie`k sm`isAw ieh pYdw huMdI hY ik jy smu`cy
pRsMg nUM ie`ko ivSy nwl joV ky vyiKAw jWdw hY qW auh kuJ kivqwvW AxgOLIAW
rih jWdIAW hn ijhVIAW pRsMigk ivSy dy nwl hI iksy ivkoilqry pr bhuq
mh`qvpUrn ivSy nUM pyS rhIAW huMdIAW hn pr jy AijhI pRikrqI vwlIAW
kivqwvW dy Al`g Al`g ivSy mMn ky AiDAYn kIqw jwvy qW pRsMg dy smgr
ArQW dI auswrI dw pRBwv iK`lr jWdw hY[ ies leI ie`k khwxI jW pRsMg nUM

177
ie`k rcnw mMndy hoey pRsMg dIAW swrIAW kivqwvW nUM smu`cy pRsMg dIAW QImk
iekweIAW vjoN ivcwrn dw Xqn kIqw jWdw hY[ is`ty vjoN hIr, s`sI, sohxI,
imrzw, du`lw, j`gw qy ijauxw mOV Awid sMswirk Aqy hrI cMd, gopI cMd, pUrn
qy kOlW BgqxI Awid nUM Dwrimk Kyqr dIAW rcnwvW iv`c Sumwr kIqw jWdw hY[
pr ies qrW dI vMf FwfI kwiv dI ivSYgq pRikrqI dy AnukUl nhIN mMnI jw
skdI[ hzUrw isMG dI hIr, rx isMG dI hIr Aqy gMgw isMG dI hIr iv`c hIr
qy rWJw inrol sMswirk pwqrW dy rUp iv`c pyS nhIN huMdy sgoN ienHW dy idsdy
jIvn ip`Cy keI jnmW dI Gtnw lVI, vr-srwp Aqy krwmwqI ikrdwrW dI hoNd
ny ies khwxI nUM jW qW Dwrimk pRsMg bxw id`qw hY jW ies sMswirk jIvn nUM
Dwrimk vrqwry duAwrw inrmq, inXMqirq, ivgsidAW Aqy ibnsidAW pyS
kIqw hY Aqy ies jIvn dI kwrjSIlqw inhPlqw kwrn isQlqw dy brwbr Aw
geI hY[ ies sMdrB iv`c ie`k gOLnXog nukqw ieh hY ik AwDuink gmMqrI
FwfI kwiv dw AwDwr m`DkwlIn lokDwrweI smgrI hY jo Drm AwDwirq SrDwlU
Aqy ivSvwsI lok-mn dI isrjxw hY Aqy ieh gmMqrI FwfI kwiv iv`c jW qW
Awpxy ausy mOilk rUp iv`c pyS hoeI hY jW ies ruJwn nUM hor ivsqwr qy gihrweI
pRdwn kIqI geI hY[ ies kwrn pMjwbI dy gmMqrI FwfI kwiv iv`c pyS hoey
sMswirk iviSAW au~qy vI Drm dI AYnI gUVHI rMgq cVHI hoeI hY ik gmMqrI FwfI
kwiv iv`c Dwrimk qy sMswirk ivSy Ain`KV rUp Dwrn kr gey hn[ gurU
drbwrI FwfI kwiv dI smgrI pRmu`K rUp iv`c ieiqhwisk hY pr ies dw mu`K
mnorQ hI Drm pRcwr hY[ ijs kwrn sMswirk / ieiqhwisk smgrI vI AMiqm
qOr ’qy AiDAwqimk ArQW dI vwhk ho in`bVdI hY[ spSt hY ik Dwrimk Aqy
sMswirk ivSy Aijhy Ain`KV sMXog iv`c b`J jWdy hn ik ienHW nUM inKyV skxw
kiTn ho jWdw hY[ Asl iv`c m`DkwlI jIvn ivvhwr iv`c prmwriQk Aqy
pdwriQk dovyN q`q ieauN GuLy-imly pey hn ik ieh S^sIAq dIAW do Al`g

178
Al`g hodW nhIN[ ies leI iviSAW p`KoN FwfI kwiv nUM vrgIikRq krn leI
rvwieqI iksm dI phuMc qoN m`dd qW leI jw skdI hY pr ies nUM pUrI qrW
svIkwr nhIN kIqw jw skdw[ iksy FwfI pRsMg nUM inrol AiDAwqimk jW
sMswirk mMnx dI QW ies iv`coN dovy ArQ gRihx kIqy jw skdy hn[

iksy vI swihq rcnw iv`c ivcwrDwrw dI BUimkw inrivvwd rUp iv`c

Aihm mMnI jWdI hY[ dUhrI pRikrqI vwlI FwfI kivqw iv`c ivcwrDwrw dI
BUimkw vI dUhry rUp iv`c kwrjSIl rihMdI hY[ FwfI kvI AwpxI kivqw dy ivSy
dI cox qy aus dw inBwA AwpxI ivcwrDwrw Anuswr krdw hY[ jy ie`k kivqw
dw rcnwkwr Awp hI pySkwr hovy qW aus rcnw dw ivcwr p`K vDyry spStqw
nwl au~GVdw hY[ keI vwr pySkwr FwfI iksy hor pRsMg iv`c, iksy hor smyN
ilKI kivqw dI pySkwrI iksy hor sMdrB iv`c krky, kivqw dy buinAwdI ivcwrW
nwloN v`Krqw pYdw kr lYNdw hY qy kdy ivcwrDwirk qOr ’qy iblkul ivroDI isry
’qy KVHI kr lYNdw hY[ ieauN ie`ko FwfI rcnw dw ilKq-pwT qy pySkwrI-pwT
Al`g-Al`g ivcwrDwrw dw pRmwx dy skdw hY[ ilKq-pwT kvI-mu`K huMdw hY qy
pySkwrI-pwT pySkwr / FwfI-mu`K[ FwfI kivqw ny pySkwr qy drSk / sroqy dy
prspr sumyl rwhIN sMcwirq hoxw huMdw hY ies krky FwfI kivqw AMiqm qOr ’qy
pySkwr dI ivcwrDwrw dI hI vwhk huMdI hY[ ies dy bwvjUd FwfI kivqw dI
muFlI ivcwrDwrw Aqy pySkwrI-rUp dI ivcwrDwrw dw qulnwqmk AiDAYn vI
Awpxy Awp iv`c Aihm qy rOck ivSw hY[
ivcwrDwrw qy kivqw dw prspr sMbMD XMqirk nhIN, jIvMq sMbMD huMdw
hY[ ivcwrDwrw iksy swihq rcnw dw pRcwirAw koeI eyjMfw vI nhIN huMdI, ieh
qW iksy swihq rcnw dy ivSy dI cox Aqy ivSy muqwibk rUp dI AijhI GwVq
iv`c kwrjSIl auh q`q huMdw hY ijs ny ivSy dy ivvyk nUM auswrn qy auGwVn iv`c
AMiqm BUimkw inBwauxI huMdI hY[ ivcwrDwrw ivSy dI cox qoN lY ky kwiv-klw Aqy

179
pySkwrI dy iviBMn pwswrW iv`c AKMfI q`q dy qOr ’qy ivcrdI hY[ pMjwbI FwfI
kivqw iv`c ivSw, klw p`K, pySkwrI qy ivcwrDwrw dI hoNd Asl iv`c sMXogI
hoNd huMdI hY ijnHW nUM ie`k dUjy qoN v`K krky nhIN ivcwirAw jw skdw[ ies kwrn
ies AiDAwie iv`c ivSy Aqy ivcwrDwrw nUM Al`g-Al`g q`qW dy qOr ’qy
ivcwrn dI QW, ienHW dy AMqr sMbMDW kwrn FwfI kivqw dI hoNd ivDI ikvyN
inrDwirq huMdI hY, nUM jwxn Aqy pyS ivcwrDwrw ip`Cy kwrjSIl iviBMn
vrqwirAW qy aunHW dI rwjnIqI nUM smJx dw Xqn kIqw jwvygw[

AwDuink pMjwbI FwfI kwiv dy ivSy :

AwDuink pMjwbI FwfI kwiv dw ivSw Kyqr DrqI qoN bRihmMf q`k, pwqwl-
lok qoN bRhm-lok q`k, mwq-lok qoN svrg-nrk q`k, puMn-pwp qoN vr-srwp
q`k, dyviqAW qoN mnu`KW, prIAW, BUqW, cuVylW, rwijAW-iqAwgIAW, sMqW-BgqW,
sUrimAW, AwSkW, pSUAW, pMCIAW, ru`KW, dirAwvW Awid q`k PYilAw hoieAw hY[
pMjwbI bMdy dy AnuBv qoN klpnw q`k hr ivSw FwfI kwiv rwhIN pyS hoieAw hY[
iviSAW dI ivSwlqw qy ivivDqw kwrn AiDAYn dI sOK leI FwfI kwiv nUM
iviSAW dy p`K qoN kuJ SRyxIAW iv~c vMf ky ivcwirAw jw skdw hY[

iviSAW dw vrgIkrn :
AwDuink pMjwbI FwfI kwiv dw ivSYgq AiDAYn krn leI ies nUM do
vrgW iv~c vMifAw jw skdw hY-
1 Dwrimk
2 sMswirk

Dwrimk ivSy :
AwDuink pMjwbI FwfI kwiv iv`c Dwrimk AMS do qrW pRwpq hn ; ivSy
vjoN Aqy rcnw idRStI vjoN[ gurU swihbwn, gurDwmW, Dwrimk S^sIAqW,

180
sU&IAW, sMqW, BgqW, jqIAW, sqIAW, iqAwgIAW, vYrwgIAW dy pRsMg pihlI
vMngI iv`c r`Ky jw skdy hn Aqy ieSkIAw, rumWitk qy sUrmgqI dy ijhVy
pRsMgW nUM purwixk cOKty iv`c auswirAw jW Dwrimk idRStIkox qoN ricAw igAw hY
aunHW nUM dUjI vMngI iv`c Swml kIqw jw skdw hY[ rumWitk, ieSkIAw Aqy bIr
kQwvW ’qy AwDwirq rcnwvW nUM BwvyN Dwrimk vMngI iv`c Swml nhIN kIqw jw
skdw pr ienHW pRsMgW iv`c Dwrimk BwvW nUM pRgtwauNdIAW rcnwvW nUM Dwrimk
vMngI dIAW rcnwvW vjoN ivcwirAw jw skdw hY[
gmMqrI FwfI kwiv dw mnorQ lokW dw mnorMjn krnw hY Aqy gurU drbwrI
FwfI kwiv dw Drm pRcwr[ gmMqrI FwfIAW ny AwpxIAW rcnwvW iv`c Dwrimk
iviSAW dI cox, inBwA Aqy audyS dy Awr-pwr kwrjSIl rcnw idRStI dw
AwDwr lok cyqnw nUM bxwieAw hY[ gurU drbwrI FwfIAW ny gurU swihbwn, gurU
gRMQ swihb iv`c drj BgqW, swihbzwidAW Aqy guris`KW dy jIvn iv`coN swKIAW
/ GtnwvW lY ky gurmiq dy idRStIkox qoN Dwrimk pRsMgW dI isrjxw kIqI[ gurU
drbwrI FwfIAW ny Awm qOr ’qy lok Drm dI smgrI nUM AwpxIAW rcnwvW iv`c
nhIN vriqAw jdoN ik gmMqrI FwfI kwiv purwixk Aqy prMpirk Dwrimk pRsMgW
qoN ielwvw gurU swihbwn Aqy gurU dy AinMn is`KW dy Dwrimk kwrjW Aqy ShIdI
swikAW nUM vI pyS krdw hY[ is`K Drm nwl sMbMiDq pRsMgW iv`c gmMqrI FwfIAW
ny gurU swihbwn pRqI SrDw dw pRgtwvw kIqw hY[ is`K Drm dw pRcwr ienHW dw
mnorQ nhIN[ ies leI ienHW dovW vMngIAW iv`c Drm dy ivSy dI pRikrqI iBMn
iBMn hox kwrn ienHW nUM v`Kry qOr ’qy ivcwirAw jwvygw[

gmMqrI FwfI kwiv iv`c Dwrimk ivSy :

AwDuink FwfI kwiv dy iviSAW iv`c AiDAwqimk iviSAW nUM bhuq mh`qv
imilAw hY[ gmMqrI FwfIAW ny bhuq pRis`D jW sQwink mh`qv vwly sU&I &kIrW,
swDW-sMqW Aqy BgqW pRqI SrDw dw pRgtwvw krdy hoey aunHW duAwrw idKweIAW

181
krwmwqW nUM kivqw dw ivSw bxwieAw hY[ pIrW-&kIrW dI ie`k ivSySqw ieh hY
ik ij`Qy ieh mMnqw krn nwl ^uS ho ky Awpxy Bgq nUM pu`qr dI dwq dyx,
rogIAW nUM rwzI krn, moieAW nUM punr jIivq krn qoN lY ky hr kwj svwrdy hn
au~Qy mMnqw nw krn kr ky ienHW iv`c swDwrn AwdmIAW vWg ru`s jwx Aqy rosy
iv`c nukswn krn dI pRivrqI vI hwzr hY[ b^iSS-nukswn jW vr-srwp dI
smr`Qw smyN, sQwn qy dyh dI muQwj nhIN[ pIr-&kIr ijauNdy jIA qW krwmwqW
krdy drswey hI jWdy hn, AwpxI srIirk hoNd ibns jwx qoN sYNkVy swl bwAd
vI ieh hr qrW dI krwmwqI smr`Qw dy suAwmI huMdy hn[
ieh g`l ivSyS qOr ’qy vrxn Xog hY ik pIr-&kIr ieslwmI Dwrimk
ipCokV vwly hn ij`Qy AijhIAW krmwqW leI koeI QW nhIN[ ivSyS qOr ’qy mOq
auprMq AijhI hsqI dI klpnw krnw mUl ieslwmI isDwqW dw ivroD hY[ pr
lok Dwrimk cyqnw Aijhy isDWiqk msilAW iv`c nhIN aulJdI[ lok mwnqw
vwly pIrW-&kIrW qy sMqW nUM ieMnw auicAw ky pyS kIqw igAw hY ik ivSyS DrmW
dIAW srvoqm hsqIAW nUM ienHW dIAW shwiek jW ADIn jW ienHW qoN G`t
smr`Qwvwn hoNdW bxw DirAw hY[ audwhrx vjoN s^I srvr qy dwnI j`tI1 dy
FwfI pRsMg nUM vwicAw jw skdw hY ij`Qy ihMdU Drm dy srvoqm dyv, iSv nUM lok
cyqnw ny sKI srvr (lwlW vwlw pIr) dw dUq (BYroN CVIAw) bxw DirAw hY[
gurU nwnk dy is`KW Drmy qy krmy nUM s^I srvr dI nrwzgI dUr krn leI gurU
BgqI nUM iqAwg ky s^I srvr dy Bgq bxnw pYNdw hY[ eIsy bwxIey dw ik`sw2
s^I srvr dIAW krwmwqW qy gu`sy hox dy pRkop nUM icqrx vwlI sMKyp pr
mh`qvpUrn rcnw hY[ eIsy bwxIey dw fubdw jhwz pwr auqwrnw, s^I srvr dI
su`KI hoeI su`K nw dyx ’qy gu`sy hox kr ky eIsy dy krhy (au~T, boqw) dI l`q tùt
jwxw Aqy BrwvW ny iek`ly nUM C`f jwxw, su`Kxw dyx qy sB TIk hoxw, eIsy dy nwl
Awey AMnHy, koVHI Aqy Kusry dI dyhI swbq hoxw pr Pyr eIsy duAwrw srvr dI

182
mMnqw nw krn qoN eIsy dI dyhI Pt jwxw qy AKIr mMnqw krn nwl TIk hoxw qy
eIsy dw sdw leI pIr dw Bgq bx jwxw Awid GtnwvW ies dy QImk pwswr
hn[ ies vMngI dIAW bhuq swrIAW rcnwvW sQwink mh`qv (mwnqw) vwly sMqW
jW &kIrW dy SrDwlUAW v`loN aunHW dw js gwaux dy mnorQ nwl rcIAW geIAW
hn[ SrDw mUlk ibrqI kwrn ienHW rcnwvW iv`c hor sMqW jW dUjy DrmW dy
sMsQwpkW nwl qulnw dw ruJwn hwzr rihMdw hY qy au~cqw Awpxy sMq nwiek dI
drsweI jWdI hY[ ieauN ienHW nwiekW dI S^sIAq lok-mwnqw pRwpq krn qoN
Asmr`Q rihMdI hY qy dUijAW nwl tkrwA dI siQqI kwrn kuJ h`d q`k AijhI
rcnw k`tVqw dI DwrnI vI bx jWdI hY[ ienHW rcnwvW dI AijhI pRikrqI
kwrn ieauN pRqIq huMdw hY ik ienHW nUM suxn / suxwaux dw kwrj pIrW-&kIrW dy
qkIey jW mzwrW q`k hI sImq irhw hY[ sr ircrf tYNpl ny ies pRivrqI
dIAW kw&I rcnwvW FwfIAW qoN sux ky iek`qr kIqIAW sn[ vIhvIN sdI iv`c
ienHW dI gOLnXog igxqI swmHxy nhIN AwauNdI[ irkwrf hoey FwfI kwiv iv`c
ies pRivrqI dIAW rcnwvW dw l`gBg ABwv hI hY Aqy 1947 dI pMjwb vMf ny
BwrqI pMjwb iv`c qW ies qrW dy FwfI kwiv dIAW sMBwvnwvW hor vI Gtw
id`qIAW[
dUjI qrW dIAW rcnwvW auh hn ijnHW iv`c pyS nwiek iksy Drm ivSyS
nwl sMbMiDq nw ho ky lok smUh dI SrDw dw pwqr huMdw hY[ ies dI ivSySqw
ieh huMdI hY ik ieh horW Dwrimk hsqIAW nwl tkrwA vwlI siQqI iv`c nhIN
huMdw sgoN jW qW ieh inrol Awpxy in`jI Awpy iv`c hI pyS huMdw hY jW horW
Dwrimk hsqIAW nwl shwiek (sihkrmI) vjoN kwrjSIl huMdw hY[ shI ArQW
iv`c Aijhw nwiek hI FwfI kwiv dw pRqIin`D nwiek huMdw hY[ AijhIAW
rcnwvW iv`c Dwrimk S^sIAq nUM iqAwgI, vYrwgI, isdkI, mhW-dwnI, vcn

183
pwlk, AinMn gurU Bgq Awid gux sMpMn drsw ky aus pRqI SrDw dw pRgtwvw
kIqw jWdw hY[
ies vMngI dIAW rcnwvW iv`c purwixk kQwvW dy AwDwr ’qy kIqIAW
rcnwvW Aqy BgqI lihr nwl sMbMiDq BgqW dy jIvn ’qy AwDwirq rcnwvW nUM
Swml kIqw jw skdw hY[ mhWBwrq Aqy rmwiex iv`coN pRsMg, rwjw gopI cMd,
rwjw BrQrI Aqy rwjw hrI cMd Awid pRsMg Aqy kOlW qy pUrn qoN ielwvw kbIr,
rivdws Aqy DMny Bgq nwl sMbMiDq kivqwvW qy pRsMg iesy vMngI iv`c AwauNdy
hn[ ienHW pRsMgW dI rcnw aunHW kQwvW ayu~qy AwDwirq hY ijhVIAW lok ivSvwsW
Aqy AwdrSW nwl juVIAW hoeIAW hn[ FwfI kvIAW ny ienHW pRsMgW dI rcnw
kIqI Aqy gwieAw vI pr ienHW nUM sroiqAW ny auh ipAwr nhIN id`qw ijhVw
hIr, imrzw, s`sI, sohxI jW du`ly nUM hwsl hoieAw[ pUrn qy kOlW prMpirk
kQwvW ’qy AwDwirq pRsMg hn ijnHW nUM hrmn ipAwrw bxwaux vwlw q`q ienHW
ivclw mnu`KI Aml qy qIbr jzbw hY ijs nUM ivSvws qy AwdrS dy nwl tYbU ny
vI aukswht pRdwn kIqI hY[ Swied ienHW dw gOx Dwrimk iek`TW iv`c Aqy aunHW
pySkwrIAW iv`c hI prvwn cVHdw irhw hY ij`Qy sroiqAW iv`c mrdW dy nwl
AOrqW vI Swml hMudIAW sn[ FwfI kwiv dI ijhVI irkwrifMg pRwpq huMdI hY
aus iv`c isr& srvx Bgq dw pRsMg Aqy gopI cMd dy pRsMg iv`coN kuJ kivqwvW
hI irkwrf hoeIAW imldIAW hn[ mwlvy dy qwnsYn vjoN jwxy jWdy modn lohw
KyVw Aqy jMgIr isMG mUMgo duAwrw vI gopI cMd gwey jwx dI jwxkwrI pRwpq huMdI
hY[ purwixk pRsMgW iv`coN bhuiqAW dw sMbMD mhWBwrq Aqy rmwiex nwl hY[
hrIcMd, gopI cMd Aqy pUrn Bgq dIAW kQwvW Xogm`q nwl sMbMiDq hox dy
bwvjUd ieMnHW nUM purwixk kQw cOKty iv`c hI GiVAw igAw hY[ FwfI kvIAW ny
nvIAW GtnwvW qy klipq pwqrW dy pRvyS rwhIN ienHW nUM vDyry pRBwvSwlI qy
rOck bxwaux dy nwl mMnxXogqw pRdwn krn dw Xqn kIqw hY[ iesy Xqn rwhIN

184
hI FwfI kvIAW dI kwiv pRiqBw, klpnw aufwrI, ivcwrDwrw Aqy mOilkqw dI
pCwx sQwipq huMdI hY[
rwjw BrQrI hrI AwpxI pqnI dIAW pRbl Bog ivlwsI rucIAW qoN qMg

Aw ky Bog ivlws qy rwj-Bwg vwly jIvn qoN auprwm ho jWdw hY qy jlMDr nwQ

dw cylw bx ky Xogm`q Dwrn kr lYNdw hY[ rwjw gopI cMd, jo rwjw BrQrI hrI

dw Bwxjw sI, AwpxI mwqw mYnwvqI dy vwr-vwr pRyrn kr ky, AwpxIAW dovW

rwxIAW audXnI Aqy pdimnI dy AYSvrz vwlw jIvn nw iqAwgx dy qrilAW

dy bwvjUd, vYrwg dw jIvn Dwrn krdw hY[ ieh dovyN kQwvW aus smyN dw

pRgtwvw krdIAW hn jdoN vwm-mwrgIAW dy ivroD iv`c nwQ m`q ivkisq ho

irhw sI[ BrQrI hrI Aqy gopI cMd v`loN rwj dw iqAwg krn smyN dovW dIAW

pqnIAW dy zordwr ivroD nUM r`d krn dy hvwly nwl aukq Dwrnw pRmwixq ho

jWdI hY[ rwjw hrIS cMdr jo ie`k Drm purS Aqy inAW psMd rwjw sI, bwry

mhWBwrq qy purwx swihq iv`c Anyk kQw pRsMg imldy hn[ rwjw hrIS cMdr

BwvyN BrQrI hrI qy gopI cMd vWg hI iqAwgI hY pr aus dw sMdrB v`Krw hY[

ies iv`c bRwhmxI pRBwv dw zordwr d^l hY[ bRwhmx nUM dwn krnw sdw

kilAwxkwrI hY BwvyN bRwhmx kwmI, kroDI qy CLIAw vI ikauN nw hovy[

ivSvwim`qr bqOr bRwhmx rwjy qoN dwn dI mMg krdw hY qW rwjw dwn-bIr hox

dw sbUq idMdw hoieAw aus nUM pihlW rwj Bwg Aqy bwAd iv`c AwpxI pqnI,

pu`qr qy ie`QoN q`k ik ^ud Awpxy Awp nUM vI vyc ky bRwhmx nUM dwn dyx dI

mrXwdw nUM pwLdw hY[ Awpxy suAwmI cMfwl (Drmrwj dw ie`k rUp) pRqI

v&wdwr qy AwigAwkwrI hox kwrn svrg nUM ij`q lYNdw hY BwvyN nwrd dy CL

kwrn aus nUM svrg iv`coN in`klxw hI pYNdw hY[ ienHW iv`coN pUrn Bgq pMjwbI

FwfI kwiv iv`c sB qoN v`D suixAw qy gwieAw jwx vwlw hrmn ipAwrw gOx hY[

185
kwdrXwr qoN lY ky Anyk FwfI kvIAW ny pUrn Bgq dI kQw nUM punr isrijq

kIqw qy hryk gvMqrI FwfI ny ies nUM gwieAw hY[ vYrwg, iqAwg, qp`isAw,

vwqsl ipAwr, iSMgwr, kwm dI ivnwSkwrI ibrqI, &ryb dw mwieAw jwL,

mwsUmIAq, zulm dI isKr Aqy sbr dI h`d ies ie`ko khwxI iv`c smoey pey

hn[ ies iv`c ij`Qy pdwriQk jIvn FMg iv`coN aupjdIAW kmIngIAW qy

dirMdgIAW kwrn pdwrQ kyNdirq jIvn FMg nUM r`d kr ky BgqI Bwv nUM idRVH

krvwieAw igAw hY au~Qy au~cy-su`cy sdwcwirk jIvn nUM vI Xog QW imilAw hY[

rwjy slvwn dy drbwr ’c irSiqAW dI jo durgq hoeI, nUM iesy idRStI qoN

icqirAw igAw hY[

FwfIAW ny pUrn nUM pihly jnm iv`c ‘bRhmw’, dUjy iv`c ‘qoqw’, qIjy iv`c

‘pUrw’ Aqy lUxW nUM ‘pUrI’ d`isAw hY[ pUry v`loN pUrI dy ipAwr nUM Tukrwayx ’qy

pUrI ny ivrlwp kIqw[ pUrI dI qVp dyK prmwqmw pUrI duAwrw pUry nUM qVp ky

mrn dw srwp idMdw hY jo Agly jnm iv`c lUxW-pUrn dI khwxI dw AwDwr hY-

lUxW ds`lU kUkW mwrIAW suxIAW pRBU dI drgwh

EQy hukm pRBU dw ho igAw ikhVw lvy mtw

lUxW ijvyN qUM qVPdI, ieh pUrn mry qVPw[

pUrI jwmw C`f ky prI id`qI bxw[

mYN pUry qoN pUrn ho igAw, jrimAW rwjy slvwn dy jw[

bdly ipCly jrm dy pVdy nw Purlw[3

pUrn nUM krm isMG tUisAW vwly ny pUrvly jnm-kRm iv`c iSvjI, ikRSn,

ieMdr dyvqw Aqy suMdrW nUM gOrjW, guAwln Aqy Ap`CrW d`isAw hY[4 FwfIAW ny

pUrn nUM klXu`g dw Avqwr vI bxw DirAw hY-

186
 AWhdw eyny klXu`g Aw igAw, jdoN pUrn hoey Avqwr [
rwxI lUxW dI byVI fu`b geI, nwl pu`q dy krdI ipAwr[5

vr-srwp krwmwqW, punr jnm, pUrbly krmW dw &l, hoxI dI At`lqw

Awid ienHW gOxW dw Atu`t ih`sw hn[
hryk Drm iv`c siqsMg dI mihmw Apr-Apwr hY[ pUrn suMdrW nUM C`f ky
gorK kol AwauNdw hY qW suMdrW mihl qoN CwL mwr ky mr jWdI hY[ auh jogIAW
nwl vYr hI kmwauNdI rhI sI pr AMq smyN jogIAW dI sMgq dw sdkw mukqI
pRwpq kr ky bYkuMT nUM jWdI hY-
audoN kr igAw BOr musw&rI, ho igAw ipMjirauN ^ws judw[
auhnUM lY gy bbwn bYkuMT dy, ilAw mukqI duAwrw pw[
ieh PL hY siqsMg dw, Awauxy jwxy dw Brm igAw[
auh fMkw vjw geI nwm dw, id`qw isr qWeI isdk pucw[6
BgqI Bwv vwly gOxW iv`coN pUrn Bgq qoN bwAd kOlW BgqxI dy gOx nUM
pRmu`Kqw hwsl rhI hY[ ieh pMjwbI FwfI kwiv dw pihlw gOx hY ijs iv`c AOrq
dI inMdw qoN ht ky aus dy gOrv nUM rUpmwn kIqw igAw hY[ nwQm`q dy pRBwv
ADIn mrd dy jqI hox nUM Dwrimk qOr ’qy mwxXog svIkwirAw igAw hY[ rwjw
BrQrI hrI, rwjw gopI cMd, rwjw rswlU Aqy pUrn Bgq nwQm`q dI cVHq smyN
dy hI jqI ikrdwr hn pr jq dw ieh sMklp AOrq dy mukMml iqAwg iv`c hY
jdoN ik AOrq dw jq-sq aus dy pqIbrqw Drm iv`c inihq hY[ mrd pRDwn
smwj AOrq nUM inXMqirq krn ih`q pqIbrqw dI Srq lwzmI krwr idMdw hY
BwvyN mrd leI ‘pqnIbrqw’ Sbd Ajy q`k swfIAW BwrqI BwSwvW iv`coN
ZYrhwzr hY[ ies dw aulMGx krn vwlI AOrq bd-clx hox kwrn iqAwg
id`qI jWdI hY[ pqI Drm iv`c pirp`k AOrq nw kyvl smwj iv`c hI siqkwrI
jWdI hY sgoN aus dI r`bI drgwh q`k rsweI huMdI hY[ pqIbrqw AOrq dI hr

187
AOkV iv`c r`b Awp shwieqw krdw hY[ ieauN ‘pqIbrqw’ Drm AOrq dy gOrv
dw pRqIk bx jWdw hY[ AijhIAW smwijk mwnqwvW AOrq nUM inXMqirq krn
iv`c Aihm BUimkw inBwauNdIAW hn[ in`kI ijhI kuqwhI, JUTI quhmq jW Brm
AOrq au~qy hr qrW dy sMkt dw kwrn bxdy hn ijs dw syk aus dy mwipAW nUM
vI sihxw pYNdw hY[ Aijhy Bwv-jgq iv`coN iksy nw iksy rUp iv`c hr DI dy ipau
nUM guzrnw pYNdw hY[ kOlW rwjy rswlU dy DoKy dw iSkwr hox dy bwvjUd jqI
(pqIbrqw) Drm pwlx iv`c s&l rihMdI hY[ S`kI hwlq iv`c bIjw kOlW nUM mMdy
hwl GroN k`F idMdw hY[ bwAd iv`c kOlW Awpxy jq-sq dI AlOikk SkqI dI
m`dd nwl Anyk AsMBv pRIiKAwvW ; k`cy Dwgy nwl svw mx dw GVw bMnH ky KUh
iv`coN pwxI k`Fxw, pYrW dy cu`lHy iv`c l`kVW dI A`g bwLky, h`QW dI kVCI bxw ky
cOl pkwauxy, qyl dy qpdy kVwhy iv`coN h`Q nwl pYsw k`Fxw, KVHvyN dwA g`fIAW
qlvwrW qy syilAW au~qy pMnI dIAW bwhIAW qy ksIr dy syrUAW vwly k`cy Dwgy nwl
buxy mMjy ’qy sOxw Aqy icKw iv`c bYT ky Agn pRIiKAw iv`coN pws ho ky jq-sq
Drm iv`c sMpUrn hox dw pRmwx pyS krdI hY Aqy svrg pRwpq kr lYNdI hY[
not krn vwlI g`l ieh hY ik kOlW Awpxy isr AweI hr musIbq dw doS iksy
hor isr mVHn dI QW musIbq dw kwrn r`b dI ilKI qkdIr nUM mMndI hY qy hr
pRIiKAw iv`c pRvyS krn smyN r`b dw hI Awsrw q`kdI hY[ r`b hI aus dI hr
prK iv`c ausy qrW m`dd krdw hY ijvyN sIqw mwqw jW pRihlwd dI kIqI sI[
kOlW dy pRsMg dw ieh bMd vyKxXog hY-
sUrj ny r`Q T`ilHAw hoeI bMd AgnI dI kwr[
brmw ivSnUM kMb gey au~Tgy dsm duAwr[
iSvjI nw cVHdw bYl ’qy DOlw c`ky nw DrqI dw Bwr[
ieMdr dI purI kMb gI idauiqAW ’c ipAw Bucwl[
folI is`DW dI mMflI hoeIAW ^brW dsvyN duAwr[
kOlW icKw dy iv`coN c`k leI, leI bbwxI cwVH[
EDr kOlW nUM lY gey ijhVI hY BgqW dI kwr[7

188
 AMqm sunyhw jq-sq jW Awcrixk su`cqw nUM jIvn AwdrS vjoN sQwipq

krnw hY ijs dw bVw v`fw smwijk mh`qv hY[ Dwrimk rcnwvW iv`c smwijk /

sMswirk p`K dUjy sQwn ’qy cly jWdy hn, pRmùKqw prmwrQ dI rihMdI hY pr ie`Qy

smwijk irSiqAW dI su`cqw qy Awcrx Su`Dqw hI prmwrQ pRwpqI dy swDn vjoN

sQwipq ho jWdI hY[ purwxW, dMq kQwvW, nwQm`q Aqy swmMqI jIvn ivDI ’qy

AwDwirq m`DkwlI icMqn iv`c AOrq nUM hr musIbq dI jV smJ ky BMifAw igAw

hY[ Aijhy Aml dy ivru`D gurU swihbwn ny AOrq dy h`k iv`c Awvwz bulMd

kIqI[ pMjwbI ik`sw kwiv iv`c ieSk dy mwmly iv`c AOrq mrd dy brwbr hox

dIAW sMBwvnwvW hwzr hox dy bwvjUd AOrq dI inMdw kIqI geI hY[ pMjwbI FwfI

kwiv dy ies pRsMg iv`c vI BwvyN QW-QW AOrq dI inMdw qy vifAweI dovyN pRwpq

huMdIAW hn pr ies pRsMg dy do nukqy bhuq Aihm hn; kOlW nUM ieSt vWg

ismrnw Aqy kOlW dw surg nUM pRwpq krnw[ krm isMG tUsy dI rcnw “kOlW

BgqxI” ibnW mMglwcrx qoN rwjy rswlU qy bIjy idvwn dy pwsw Kyfx dI Gtnw

nwl SurU huMdI hY[ Kyf SurU krn vyly rswlU gurU gorK nwQ nUM iDAwauNdw hY Aqy

bIjw kOlW nUM-

rswlU : bIjw mihqw rswlU Kyfdy AMdr mihl dy do [

isrW DVW dIAW bwzIAW myrw gorK kry so ho [
bIjw : rwjw nwl idvwn dy bYTw bwzI Fo [
isrW DVW dIAW bwzIAW myrI kOlW kry so ho [8

mukwblw rswlU qy bIjy dw nhIN ie`k qrW nwl gorK Aqy kOlW dw ho jWdw
hY[ smwj iv`c AOrq snmwn vwlI QW hwsl hI qW kr skdI hY jy Awpxy jq
sq ’qy kwiem rih ky Awpxy sB qoN v`fy inMdk gorK Aqy aus dy cyly rswlU nUM
hrw dyvy[ kOlW nUM Awpxy S`kI suBwA vwly pqI, CLIey rwjy Aqy gurU gorK dy

189
mukwbly au~qy ilAwauxw Aqy ‘prmySr’ AwKy jWdy pqI, ‘ipqw’ AwKy jWdy rwjy
Aqy ‘jgq gurU’ AKvwaux vwly gorK nUM JU`Tw is`D kr dyxw, AMq iv`c rwjy
rswlU dw kOlW nUM Drm dI BYx bxwauxw Aqy kOlW dw surg nUM pRwpq krnw ies
pRsMg dI ie`k mh`qvpUrn pRwpqI AwKI jw skdI hY[
buinAwdI qOr ’qy gU`gy dw sMbMD rwjsQwn nwl hY, au~Qy hI gU`gy nUM mu`K qOr
’qy pUijAw jWdw hY Aqy gU`gy dw gOx vI bhuqw rwjsQwn dy klwkwrW dy ih`sy hI
AwieAw hY[ gU`gy dI mMnqw swry pMjwb iv`c vI ivSyS kr ky mwlvy iv`c zwhr
pIr jwx ky kIqI jWdI hY[ pMjwbI FwfIAW ny vI gU`gy dy gOx iv`c rucI idKweI hY
ijs dI pihl krm isMG tUisAW vwly ny kIqI[ gU`gw gurU gorK dy bcnW nwl
pYdw hoieAw jo h`k-s`c leI Awpxy DoKybwz, eIr^wlU Aqy D`kV SrIkW ivru`D
sUrmgqI nwl lVdw hoieAw ij`q pRwpq krdw hY[ BwvyN krwmwqI SkqIAW dw
suAwmI hox kwrn gU`gy dI pUjw pIr dy qOr ’qy huMdI hY pr gU`gy dy gOx nUM vDyry
pRcilq krn vwlw q`q ies ivclI SrIkybwzI dI Bwvnw hY ijhVI hr pMjwbI dy
jIvn AnuBv dw Atùt AMg rhI hY[ ies gOx dw ie`k Aihm p`K ieh vI hY ik
gU`gw ihMdU rwjpUq Grwxy iv`c pYdw ho ky vI muslmwn pIr dw ruqbw Dwrn kr ky
dovW leI pUjnIk bx jWdw hY ijs kwrn ihMdU-muslmwn dI prspr n&rq dy
hvwly nwl aus nUM SuB Apvwd AwiKAw jw skdw hY[ ie`Qy ieh g`l spSt kr
dyxI kuQW nhIN hovygI ik FwfI kwiv iv`c Dwrimk iviSAW nUM pyS krn vwly hor
Anyk pRsMg qy tu`tvIAW kivqwvW Swml hn pr ie`Qy AwpxI g`l dI puStI leI
kuJ pRqIin`D rcnwvW iv`coN hI hvwly id`qy gey hn[
pMjwbI FwfI kwiv dI Dwrimk vMngI iksy Drm ivSyS dw pRcwr krn dy
mnorQ nwl nhIN rcI geI pr ies rwhIN mnu`KI jIvn iv`c Dwrimkqw dI
AihmIAq zrUr pRgt hoeI hY Aqy sMcwr vI[ ies leI Drm ivSyS dI g`l
krn dI QW pRmu`K DrmW v`loN pRcwry Aqy lok smUh duAwrw svIkwry gey Dwrimk

190
guxW nUM Apxwaux Xog mu`l vjoN auBwirAw igAw hY[ ie`Qy ie`k Dwrimk S^sIAq
dy dUjI nwl jW dUjy Drm nwl tkrwA jW mukwbly leI koeI QW nhIN ijs kr ky
lok FwfI kwiv dI ieh vMngI Dwrimk hox dy bwvjUd sMkIrnqw jW k`tVqw qoN
pUrI qrW mukq hY[ ies vMngI dw dUjw mh`qv vwlw nukqw ieh hY ik FwfI kwiv
dy nwiek nw iksy Drm dy sMsQwpk hn Aqy nw hI pRcwrk[ rwjw hrIcMd, gopI
cMd, BrQrI hrI, kOlW BgqxI Aqy pUrn Bgq Awid dwn-bIr, bcn dy p`ky,
idRVH ierwdy vwly, iqAwg qy qp`isAw dy DwrnI, jqI-sqI, Awpxy AwdrSW leI
kurbwn ho jwx dw mwdw r`Kx vwly mhW-mnu`K hn jo sroiqAW nUM Aijhy AwdrSW
pRqI jwgrUk kr ky sMswirk Aqy prmwriQk pUrnqw dy rwh qurn leI
auqSwihq krdy hn[ ivcwrDwrk qOr ’qy AwDuink pMjwbI gmMqrI FwfI kwiv
lok cyqnw dy dwiery nUM nhIN aulMGdw[ au~nIvIN sdI dy m`D dy nyVy pYdw hoey
hzUrw isMG, rx isMG, krm isMG, n`Qw isMG, cMnx isMG dwnyvwlIAw, gMgw isMG
BMUdV Awid dIAW rcnwvW A`j vI lok FwfI gw rhy hn[ kuJ FwfIAW ny Awp
pRsMg ilK ky gwey pr G`t pVHy jW AnpVH hox kwrn aunHW dIAW rcnwvW vI
ivcwrDwrk p`KoN prMprw dw Anusrn hI krdIAW hn[

AwDuink gmMqrI FwfI kwiv iv`c Dwrimk iviSAW dI pySkwrI isr&

Dwrimk kQw pRsMgW rwhIN hI nhIN huMdI sgoN ieSkIAw, rumWitk Aqy bIr Awid
pRsMgW iv`c vI Dwrimk iviSAW nUM QW-QW CUihAw igAw hY[ hr pRsMg jW
pySkwrI dw mMglwcrx qW kudrqI hI Dwrimk kivqw huMdI hY[ kQw pRsMg iv`c
pwqrW dI siQqI Aqy vrqwA dy sMdrB iv`c FwfI kvI Awpxy pRBwvW nUM
pRgtwauNidAW hMkwr iqAwgx, inmrqw gihRx krn, r`bI Bwxy nUM mMnx, hoxI dI
At`lqw, jIvn dI nwSmwnqw, pdwriQk rucIAW iqAwgx Aqy &kIrI Dwrn
krn Awid dI pRyrnw dyx vwlIAW aupdyiSk kivqwvW QW-QW bIV idMdy hn jo
ies p`KoN ivcwrIAW jw skdIAW hn[ ienHW kivqwvW iv`c gurU swihbwn qy BgqW

191
dI bwxI jW sU&IAW dy klwm iv`coN nw isr& ivcwr hI ley jWdy hn sgoN pUrIAW
pUrIAW qukW vI vrq leIAW jWdIAW hn BwvyN ienHW dI Su`Dqw dw bhuqw iKAwl
nhIN r`iKAw jWdw[
FwfI kivqw dy gwiex qoN pihlW Awm qOr ’qy koeI dohrw Aqy klI dy
AMq iv`c qoVw gwauNdy hn[ BwvyN dohry iv`c keI vwr pyS kIqI jwx vwlI kivqw
dy ivSy v`l sMkyq kIqw igAw huMdw hY pr Awm qOr ’qy ies iv`c iksy lok q`Q jW
srbkwlI s`c dy hvwly nwl Dwrimk aupdyS hI id`qw igAw huMdw hY[ rx isMG ny
qW hIr dy gOx iv`c keI QwvW ’qy gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI dy slokW nUM SùD
rUp iv`c hI Swml kIqw hY[ klI dy AMq iv`c gwey jwx vwly qoVy dw sMbMD klI
iv`c pyS ivSy nwl huMdw hY pr At`l scweIAW, q`qkwlI siQqI, klI ivclIAW
ivroDI iDrW dy ivvhwr au~qy Dwrimk idRStIkox qoN it`pxI qy aupdyS Aqy AMqlI
quk r`b dI Xwd nUM smripq krn dw ruJwn vI bhuq Awm hY[ nwgr m`C duAwrw
hIr nUM curw lYx nwl sMbMiDq klI dw qoVw gMgw isMG ny ies qrW id`qw hY-
“BYVw K`sxw hY nwr bygwnI nUM [
l`g jwvy klMk prwnI nUM [
isr shyNgw jmW dI CwnI nUM [
jy qYN qrnY hrI dI jp bwnI nUM[
Awsw r`K rwm dI
s`iqAw qwr jU [9

rumWitk qy ieSkIAw khwxIAW BwvyN inrol sMswirk hoNd r`KdIAW hn pr

FwfI kwiv iv`c ienHW nUM purwixk dyviqAW dIAW kQw lVIAW iv`c guMd ky nw
isr& Dwrimk AwDwr pRdwn kIqw igAw hY sgoN ienHW pRsMgW dI vwsqivkqw vI
purwixk rcnw idRStI kwrn guMm guAwc geI hY[ ieSkIAw FwfI pRsMgW jW gOxW
dI GtnwvlI dy hr Aihm moV ’qy ihMdU dyv mwlw iv`coN koeI dyv pwqr, irSI,

192
jogI jW swmI m`q nwl sMbMiDq koeI pIr-&kIr zrUr hwzr rihMdw hY[ ies rucI
dw Aglw pwswr ieh hY ik aukq im`iQk hsqIAW dy nwl hI kbIr Bgq, DMnw
Bgq Aqy rivdws Bgq Aqy ie`QoN q`k ik gurU nwnk dyv jI nUM vI AwSk pwqrW
dy shwiek vjoN kwrj krdy idKwieAw jWdw hY[
qYN qW puiCAw sI auDwr aunW BYxW dw
EdoN irKIAW ny bcn sI aucwry[
klUkwl dy iv`c gurU nwnk jI hoxgy
auh qW krn hIry ienHW dw auDwry[10
BwrqI Drm icMqn iv`c Awqmw dy AwvwgOx jW punr jnm dw ivcwr

prvwn kIqw jWdw hY[ FwfIAW ny ies pRBwv ADIn pRymI joiVAW dy keI keI

jnmW dw izkr kIqw hY[ AijhI pRivrqI dw AwrMB qW BwvyN dsm gRMQ qoN ho

igAw sI pr ijs qrW FwfIAW ny AwSk joiVAW dy pUrbly jnmW dy ivsiqRq

vyrvy id`qy hn, auh kyvl FwfI kwiv qy kvISrI kwiv dy hI ih`sy Awey hn[ ie`Qy

not krn vwlI g`l ieh hY ik ienHW dI jnm lVI Aqy vsl / ivCoVw bRhmlok

iv`c kIqI iksy Av`igAw dw is`tw hY iPr vI AiDAwqimk sd-SkqIAW ienHW nUM

piv`qr svIkwr kr ky, m`ddgwr BUimkw inBwauNdIAW hn[ gMgw isMG BMUdV ny

hIr dy gOx iv`c nw kyvl hIr-rWJy dI jnm lVI hI bRhm-lok qoN SurU kIqI hY

sgoN rWJy dI vMJlI Aqy ptkw vI bRhm lok qoN Awey drswey hn[ rx isMG dsm

gRMQ dw Anusrn krdw hoieAw pUrbly jnm iv`c rWJy nUM ieMdr dw pu`qr jYn Aqy

hIr nUM ieMdr dy KwVy dI prI BwgBrI dsdw hY ijhVy ieMdr dy srwp kwrn

klXu`g iv`c hIr qy rWJy dy rUp iv`c mlySW dy Gr pYdw hoey[ pr rx isMG hIr

qy rWJy dI khwxI nUM hor ip`Cy iljWdw hY[ aus Anuswr jnm mrn qoN pihlW hIr

193
(sursqI) Aqy rWJw (mrIck) bRhmw dI DI qy pu`qr sn jo bRhmw dy hukm dI

Av`igAw krn kr ky srwpy gey[

pihly mrIck nwm rWJy nUM AwKdy,

jyVHw Kud Eey bRhmw dw jwieAw[

dunIAW swjx dw hukm bRhmy ny dy ilAw,

AigEN jvwb Eey bRhmy nUM suxwieAw[

jqI mrd mYN khwvW bwbl myirAw,

mYQoN AYnw Bwr jWdw nw auTwieAw[

ho ky gu`sy bRhmw ny srwp dy ilAw,

mgr rMnw dy bytw iPryNgw DwieAw[

cMgI krdYN dunIAWdwrI Bog lY,

bwk bRhmw dw imtdw nw imtwieAw[

jw ky mlyCw m`Qy nw l`gIN Aw ky bwp dy,

eynw vwk bRhmw ny suxwieAw[11

hIr pihly jnm iv`c krdm irSI dI DI klw Aqy rWJw bRhmw dw pu`qr

mrIck sI[ dUjy jnm iv`c BwgBrI Aqy jYn dy rUp iv`c surg lok iv`c pYdw

hoey[ qIjy jnm iv`c hIr qy rWJw mwq lok iv`c pYdw hoey[ rx isMG ny ies qoN

A`gy hIr rWJy dy m`ky qy iPr pwqwl-lok iv`c jnm lYx dI klpnw vI kIqI[

gMgw isMG BUMdV ny qW ie`k klI iv`c hIr qy rWJy dy ipCly jnmW dw izkr

kridAW hor pRIq kQwvW dy nwiek qy nwiekwvW nUM vI hIr rWJw hI bxw id`qw

hY-

194
 pihly jnm dy iv`c SIrI hIry bx gI,
rWJw bx Pirhwd nI phwV cIry Bwry[
dUjy jnm dy iv`c husn bwno bx gI,
rWJw Swh bihrwm nI bx igAw muitAwry[
qIjw jnm qyrw s`sI iv`c BMbor dy,
Ql iv`c B`uj gI mwrdI punUM dy nwhry[
cOQw jnm qyrw sohxI iv`c gujrwq dy,
myNhIvwl bx ky nI Koly sI cwry[
pMjvW jnm qyrw prI KwVy ieMdr dy,
rWJw jnimAW prIey ieMdr dy duAwry[
sYdy cMd dy nwl p`lw qyrw l`g igAw,
folI surqI imhxw nI sYdy dw mwry[
id`qw srwP qW iv`c mwq lok dy jnmy sI,
qUM qW isAwlIN rWJw jnimAw qKq hzwry[12

AijhI siQqI nw isr& hIr FwfI kwiv dI hY sgoN mwlvy dw smu`cw

gmMqrI FwfI kwiv BwvyN rumWitk hY jW bIr rsI, iesy pRivrqI dw DwrnI hY[
ie`Qy ieh g`l ivSyS iDAwn dI mMg krdI hY ik FwfI kwiv iv`c Dwrimk rMgx
FwfI kvIAW dI ivcwrDwrw, cyqnw Aqy rcnw idRStI dw sihj AMg hox kwrn
sMswirk msilAW nwl ijvyN imSrq ho geI hY, auh pMjwbI dy ik`isAW iv`c Awey
Dwrimk q`qW nwloN mUloN hI v`KrI BWq dI hY[ audwhrx vjoN vwrs Swh hIr iv`c
AOrq-mrd dy srIirk ieSk dI khwxI pyS krdw hY pr AKIrly bMd iv`c
srIirk ipAwr au~qy AiDAwqimk ArQ Tosx dI koiSS krdw hY[ ij`Qy pMjwbI
ik`sw kwiv pRDwn rUp iv`c ieslwm Drm, ieiqhwisk ipCokV Aqy sU&I drSn
iv`coN aupjdw pRqIq huMdw hY au~Qy FwfI kwiv dy ipCokV iv`c purwx Aqy ihMdU

195
imiQhws dI ieMnI v`fI BUimkw hY ik ies qoN ibnW FwfI kwiv dy Asiq`qv dI
koeI rUp-ryKw hI nhIN bx skdI[ gmMqrI FwfI kwiv lokW dy mnorMjn leI hI
ricAw jWdw hY, Drm pRcwr leI nhIN ies leI lok rucI qy lok cyqnw Anuswr
hI gmMqrI FwfI kwiv iv`c Drm dI iPlws&I, Drm dy inXm, Drm dIAW
ivDIAW Awid leIo koeI QW nhIN sgoN Dwrimk idRStIkox qoN sdwcwirk guxW nUM
gRihx krn dI sihj pRyrnw ies dy ih`sy AweI hY[

AwDuink FwfI gOx iv`c BwrqI ieiqhws, imiQhws Aqy pMjwbI ivrsy
dIAW Anyk muKI kQwvW dI punr isrjxw hoeI hY[ ivrsy dIAW kQwvW nUM punr
isrijq kridAW kvI AwpxI idRStI Aqy AnuBv Anuswr nvIN ivAwiKAw rwhIN
nvyN ArQ pRdwn kr irhw huMdw hY[ gmMqrI FwfI kvI swDW-sMqW dy fyirAW,
gurduAwirAW dy BweIAW jW pMfqW koloN pVHy hoey sn ijhVy A`Kr igAwn dy nwl
Dwrimk gRMQW, rwmwiex, mhWBwrq, purwixk Aqy imiQhwisk kQwvW bwry AwpxI
smr`Qw Aqy rucI Anuswr igAwn idMdy sn[ is`Kx isKwaux dI AijhI pRikirAw
is`Kx vwilAW AMdr Dwrimk rucI dw sMcwr qW krdI sI Aqy aus nUM Dwrimk,
sdwcwirk qy smwijk PrzW pRqI jwgrUk vI krdI sI pr ieiqhwisk sImwvW
kwrn nvIN idRStI, mnoivigAwnk sUJ Aqy rwjsI cyqnw pYdw kr skxw ies dI
smr`Qw qoN bwhr sI[ ies leI FwfI kvIAW dI cyqnw lok ivvhwr qoN aupjy
mu`lW dy nyVy ivcrdI hY ijhVw AMiqm rUp iv`c Drm AwDwirq sI[ FwfIAW ny
m`Dkwl iv`c pRis`D hoeIAW ipAwr kQwvW, ijnHW iv`c sU&Im`q dy d^l ny AwSkI
qy &kIrI nUM smwnwriQk bxw id`qw sI, dI punr isrjxw kridAW ienHW nUM rOck
qy vic`qr bxwaux v`l iDAwn id`qw hY[ Aijhw kridAW FwfI kvIAW ny ipAwr
nUM Dwrimk muhwvry rwhIN hI pyS nhIN kIqw sgoN ienHW nUM purwixk ibrqWq ivDI
rwhIN purwixk kQw lVIAW iv`c pro ky Aijhy vic`qr qy AlOikk sMswr iv`c
phuMcw id`qw hY ij`Qy ienHW dw zmInI AwDwr hI lop ho igAw hY[ punr isrjx

196
pRikirAw rwhIN FwfI kwiv dw ivcwrDwrk pirpyK vI bVI spStqw nwl
au~Brdw hY[ ij`Qy ik`swkwrW dI ivcwrDwrw dw dwrSink AwDwr sU&Im`q hY au~Qy
FwfI kvIAW dI ivcwrDwrw dw ipCokV BwrqI Drm icMqn hY[ FwfIAW ny
swDwrn lokW dy iek`T iv`c gwauxw huMdw hY ijs iv`c Al`g-Al`g DrmW dy sroqy
Swml huMdy hn[ sroiqAW dw mnorMjn hI ienHW dw ie`ko ie`k audyS huMdw hY, Drm
pRcwr nhIN[ ies leI Drm ivSyS dy isDWiqk mu`dy lok FwfIAW dI pySkwrI dw
Bwg nhIN bxdy sgoN pRcilq DrmW dIAW sWJIAW mwnqwvW ijhVIAW lok-mn
iv`c Gr kr geIAW huMdIAW hn, dI pySkwrI hI sMBv ho skdI hY[ pMjwb dy
pyNfU jIvn ivhwr iv`c ivSyS DrmW iv`c pirp`kqw G`t hI dyKx nUM imldI hY,
ie`QoN q`k ik pVHy-ilKy lokW dy ivvhwirk jIvn iv`c vI ‘lok Drm’ dI rucI
vDyry pRbl hY[ pMjwbI lok smUh dI Drm cyqnw Ajy jwdU cyqnw dI sImw qoN
pwr nhIN jw skI[ ies leI Ajy vI puMn-pwp, jwdU-tUxy, krwmwqW Aqy krm
kWf nUM hI Drm smiJAw jWdw hY[ gmMqrI FwfI kwiv iv`c iesy lok cyqnw dw
pRmwx hI imldw hY[ ieh g`l ivSyS qOr ’qy vrxnXog hY ik jdoN pMjwb
sMprdwiek qxwE dw AKwVw bixAw hoieAw sI, pMjwb dy gmMqrI FwfI pUrI
qrW Drm inrpyK gOxW rwhIN mwnvI sWJ vDwaux iv`c kwrjSIl sn[ sB lok
FwfIAW ny Dwrimk k`tVqw qoN au~pr au~T ky dUjy DrmW dy nwl sMbMiDq pRsMgW nUM
pUrI Ku`lH-idlI nwl gwieAw hY[ pMjwb dy iqMnW mu`K DrmW nwl sMbMiDq Dwrimk
punr jwgirqI dIAW lihrW dIAW srgrmIAW mwlvy iv`c G`t hI rhIAW hn[
pRo. krm isMG dw ivcwr hY ik “mlveI m`q sWJw m`q hY[ ieh sWJW BirAw
ielwkw hY[”13 mwlvy dI ies ibrqI bwry pRis`D hY-
nwLy eyDr dw nwLy EDr dw,
gUgy nUM m`Qw tykdw qy ngwhy vwly SyK dw,
bhuqw bwby nwnk dw qy dyvI nUM m`Qw tykdw[

197
 gOxW dy mMglwcrx vI iesy sWJ qy audwr Bwvnw dw pRgtwvw krdy hn
hwlWik mMglwcrx iv`c kvI ny Awpxy ieSt dI AwrwDnw krnI huMdI hY[
audwhrx vjoN hIr rx isMG dw ArMB vwicAw jw skdw hY-

<> siqgur pRswid ]

AQ ik`sw SurU hoieAw hIr rWJy dw

pihlW nwm prvdgwr dw lY leIey,

ijny rcnw hY rcweI[
kudrq dy kurbwny jwvW ipAwirE,
izmIN pwxI au~qy hY itkweI[
swry jIAW dy iv`c ivAwpdw jyhVw
bx igAw ku`l dunIAW dw sWeI[
Pyr nwm leIey pMjvIN pwqSwhI dw,
jIhny, gurU gRMQ swihb dI bIV hY bxweI[
Pyr nwm leIey dyvI mwqw dw,
jIhdI joq hY svweI[
Pyr nwm leIey BoLy nwQ iSv jI dw,
jIhny gMgw jtW iv`c hY bgweI[
Pyr nwm leIey gorK nwQ dw,
ijhVw bx igAw isr is`DW dw sWeI[
Pyr nwm leIey sulqwn pIr dw,
jIhny dunIAW hY invweI[
Pyr nwm leIey jpIAW qpIAW hTIAW dw,
ijhnw pUrI kr leI Eie kmweI[14

198
 Drm dw ivSw Asl iv`c gurU drbwrI FwfI kwiv iv`c pyS hoieAw hY[
gurU drbwrI FwfIAW dIAW rcnwvW gurmiq dy isDWq dI pRmwixk pySkwrI
krdIAW hn[ ies iv`c hor m`qW dy pRcwrkW qy AnuXweIAW nwl sMvwd rcw ky
gurmiq dy isDWq nUM spStqw pRdwn kIqI geI hY[ gurU drbwrI FwfIAW ny Drm
nUM lok cyqnw dI QW gurmiq dy tkswlI icMqn rwhIN pyS kIqw hY[ ies Dwrw ny
gurmiq dy smwijk qy rwjnIiqk pwswrW Aqy Biv`K dIAW vMgwrW pRqI vI
jwgrUkqw pYdw kIqI hY[

guru drbwrI FwfI kwiv iv`c Dwrimk ivSy :

gurU drbwrI FwfI kwiv dw mnorQ Drm pRcwr Aqy bIr Bwvnw dw sMcwr
hY[ aus bIr Bwvnw dw, ijhVI is`K (sMq) ikrdwr dw AKMf ih`sw hox kwrn
Awpxy swr vjoN is~K Drm dw pRcwr hI ho in`bVdI hY[ ies leI gurU drbwrI
FwfI kwiv iv`c Drm dy ivSy dy Anyk muKI srokwr pyS hoey hn[ ies p`K qoN
ivcwr krn leI ijhVy nukqy ’qy sB qoN pihlW iDAwn jWdw hY, auh gurU
swihbwn dI S^sIAq hY[ gurU is`K Drm dw mrkz hox kwrn FwfI kwiv dI
ies vMngI dw Awid qoN vrqmwn q`k sdw-bhwr ivSw irhw hY Aqy Biv`K iv`c
rhygw vI[ ies dw Awgwz qW s`qy qy blvMf Aqy BweI gurdws jI ny kIqw pr
FwfI kwiv iv`c pihl FwfI n`Qy qyy Abdu`ly ny gurU hrgoibMd swihb jI dIAW
vwrW rc ky kIqI[ AwDuink kwl iv`c vI ies ivSy dI AKMf inrMqrqw bxI
rhI hY[
AwDuink gurU drbwrI FwfIAW ny gurU swihbwn dI is&q iv`c v`fI mwqrw
iv`c kwiv rcnw kIqI[ gurU swihbwn ny Awpxy kQnW (bwxI) Aqy AmlW rwhIN
ij`Qy is`KI dw pRcwr pwswr kIqw au~Qy pRcilq dUjy DrmW dy AwgUAW nwl sMvwd
vI rcwieAw[ ienHW sMvwdW rwhIN is`KI dI au~qmqw, pRcilq DrmW / m`qW dI

199
sImw Aqy iviBMn DrmW Aqy m`qW-mqWqrW dy isDWq qy aunHW nUM mMnx vwilAW dy
ivvhwirk jIvn dy AMqr ivroDW nUM pRgt kIqw igAw hY[ gurU swihbwn dy
ieiqhws dw ie`k pwswr Awpxy Drm dI sur`iKAw qy dUijAW dI Dwrimk AwzwdI
leI SWqmeI kurbwnIAW nwl sMbMiDq hY Aqy dUjw iesy mnorQ leI bIrqw dy
kwrnwimAW nwl juiVAw hoieAw hY[ sqhI idRStI qoN SWqmeI kurbwnIAW qy
ivSyS qOr ’qy bIr kwrnwmy sMswirk ivSy pRqIq huMdy hn, Dwrimk nhIN[ Asl
iv`c gurmiq iv`c Dwrimk qy sMswirk p`K AMqr sMbMiDq hoNdW hn qy jIvn nUM
ienHW dw mjmUAw svIkwr kIqw igAw hY[ gurU hrgoibMd swihb jI ny ‘mIrI-
pIrI’ dy sMklp rwhIN ienHW dI AMqr sMbMiDq hoNd nUM vDyry spSt kIqw[
gurmiq Anuswr jIvn dw mnorQ hI Drm hY pr Drm pRwpqI dw swDn dunIAW
iv`c kIqy Aml ny hI bxnw hY[ ieauN Dwrimk lkS hI is`K dIAW swrIAW
sMswirk srgrmIAW dw sMcwlk huMdw hY[ ies leI ienHW kurbwnIAW /
kwrnwimAW dw Dwrimk qy sMswirk Kyqr iv`c ie`ko ijhw mh`qv hY[ FwfIAW ny
iesy idRStIkox qoN gurU swihbwn nwl sMbMiDq pRsMgW dI rcnw kIqI hY[ smkwlI
is`KW iv`c Dwrimk, smwijk Aqy s`iBAwcwirk p`KoN AweI igrwvt, is`KI qoN mUMh
moV rhI nvIN pIVHI, is`KW iv`coN pYdw hoey qy bwhrly AKOqI swDW-sMqW qy ‘JUTy’
gurUAW dy is`KI ivroDI pRcwr Aqy Bwrq dy bhuigxqI Dwrimk BweIcwry v`loN
is`KI ’qy kIqy jw rhy hmilAW dw pRqIau~qr isrjx leI ienHW pRsMgW nUM pyS
kIqw jWdw hY[
gurU swihbwn nwl sMbMiDq pRsMgW dw mnorQ Drm pRcwr hY[ ienHW pRsMgW
dI isrjxkwrI dy pwswr qRY-muKI hn[ pihlw is`KI dI srb sRyStqw drswauxw,
dUjw gurU swihbwn iv`c SrDw nUM pirp`k krnw Aqy qIjw is`KI leI gurU
swihbwn dIAW kurbwnIAW nUM pRyrnw sRoq vjoN pyS krnw[ gurU drbwrI FwfIAW ny
‘siqgur nwnk pRgitAw’ qoN ‘gurU mwinE gRMQ’ dy drgwhI hukm q`k dy Anyk

200
pRsMgW dI rcnw kIqI[ is`KI dw pRcwr kridAW ij`Qy gurU swihbwn ny Awm
mnu`KW nUM is`K Drm Dwrn krn leI pRyirq kIqw au~Qy Dwrimk ByKW iv`c ivcr
rhy kRoDIAW, AKOqI krwmwqI &kIrW, lokW nwl CL-kpt kr ky lu`tx vwilAW
Aqy lokW nUM BYBIq krn vwly rwKS ibrqI dy lokW nUM Awpxy dYvI pRBwv Aqy
ivcwrW nwl hrw ky s`c dy mwrg ’qy qoirAw[ dUijAW dI kmweI ’qy AYS krn
vwilAW nUM iPtkwirAw qy ikrqIAW nUM invwijAw[ ‘kOfw BIl’, ‘pIr hmzw ZOs
gurU nwnk dyv jI dy crnw iv`c’, ‘vlI kMDwrI’, ‘s`jx T`g dw auDwr Aqy gurU
nwnk dyv jI dy aupkwr’, ‘gurU nwnk dyv jI ny dOlq KW nwl nmwz pVHnI’,
bwbr dI c`kI’, ‘siqgur nwnk pRgitAw’, ‘inrMkwrI gurU nwnk dyv jI dI
ruhyl KMf Xwqrw’, ‘KfUr dw qpw qy gurU AMgd dyv jI’, ‘bIbI rjnI qy
ipMglw’, ‘BweI l`Dw aupkwrI qy rbwbI s`qw blvMf’, ‘BweI gurdws jI dy isdk
dI prK’, ‘mwDo dws vYrwgI’ Aqy ‘sYd Kwn klgIDr dy crnW iv`c’ (sohx
isMG sIql) ‘m`ky nUM Pyrn dw pRsMg’, ‘BweI lwlo dw pRsMg’, ‘vlI kMDwrI’,
‘mrdwny dw mIFw bxn dw pRsMg’ (pwl isMG pMCI) Awid FwfI pRsMg ies lVI
iv`c Sumwr hn[ ienHW pRsMgW iv`coN auh pRsMg vDyry mh`qv r`Kdy hn ijnHW iv`c
gurU swihbwn dw swmHxw ivAkqIgq pCwx r`Kx vwilAW dI QW qqkwlI v`fy
DrmW; ihMdU Aqy ieslwm dy pRqIinDW jW nwQW-jogIAW Awid nwl huMdw hY[ is`K
Drm dI sQwpnw Aqy ies dw Biv`K ienHW pRcilq DrmW dy mukwbly iv`c hI
inSicq ho skdw sI[ gurU swihbwn ny ies siQqI iv`c pRcilq m`qW nwl dUhrw
sMbwd rcwieAw[ aunHW ny ie`k pwsy ihMdU, ieslwm Aqy nwQm`q dI AiDAwqimk
sImw dI pCwx krvweI Aqy dUjy pwsy ienHW DrmW dy isDwqW Aqy ienHW nwl
sMbMiDq Awm lokW Aqy DrmW dy pRqIin`DW dI ivvhwirk jIvn ivDI nUM auGwV ky
DrmW dy pRcilq KoKlypx, dMBI, krmkWfI qy eIrKwlU swr Aqy SuB AmlW bwJoN
duKI ho rhI lokweI dy nWhmuKI ivvhwr nUM aujwgr kIqw[ ‘dOlq KW nwl nmwz

201
pVHnI’ (sIql) pRsMg idKwvy Aqy krm kWf, ‘sRI gurU nwnk jI dw m`ky jwxw’
(inrml isMG nUr) pRsMg r`bI hoNd nUM ie`ko QW qy inSicq smJx dy BulyKy dw
KMfn, ivswKI mOky hrduAwr ivKy sUrj nUM pwxI dyx dy Pokt krm dw KMfn,
sUrj gRihx dy mOky kurUkSyqr ivKy krmkWf dw KMfn, sumyr prbq Aqy Acl
btwly ivKy nwQW-jogIAW dIAW krwmwqW dw KMfn FwfIAW ny Awpxy pRsMgW rwhIN
pyS kIqw hY[ ienHW FwfI pRsMgW iv`c pyS goStW / sMbwdW iv`coN gurU swihbwn dI
AlOikk S^sIAq, isDWq dI au~qmqw Aqy Drm mwrg dI srlqw qy pRmwixkqw
sQwipq huMdI hY[
gurmiq iv`c ir`DI is`DI nUM nwm dI dwsI qW svIkwr kIqw igAw hY pr
ir`DI is`DI jW krwmwq idKwayx nUM r`b dw SrIk bx bYTx dI Bu`l smiJAw jWdw
hY ies krky krwmwqW idKwaux dI mnwhI hY[ BweI gurdws, swKIkwrW Aqy gurU
Gr nwl sMbMiDq ieiqhwskwrW ny gurmiq dy ies isDWq nUM mMinAw vI hY pr
nwl hI gurU swihbwn nUM zwhrw qOr ’qy krwmwq idKwauNdy vI drswieAw hY[
FwfIAW ny gurU swihbwn nUM krwmwqW dw KMfn kridAW qy krwmwq qoN sMkoc
kridAW vI d`isAw hY Aqy aunHW dI krwmwqI smr`Qw nUM vI pyS kIqw hY[ vlI
kMDwrI dy pRsMg iv`c (sIql) pMjw lw ky phwV rokxw, sYd KW nUM jrnYl qoN swD
bxwaux dw pRsMg, mwqw sul`KxI nUUM (sIql) s`q pu`qW dI dwq Aijhy FwfI pRsMg
hn[ ikqy-ikqy gurU swihbwn krwmwq qoN dUr rihMdy hn pr aunHW nUM krwmwqW qoN
ikqy au~cw pyS krn leI krwmwq aunHW dy inmwxy syvk idKwauNdy hn[ KfUr dy
qpy dy pRsMg iv`c gurU AMgd dyv lokW dy kihx ’qy bVI inmrqw nwl ipMf C`fxw
svIkwr kr lYNdy hn pr krwmwq nhIN idKwauNdy[ aunHW dw inmwxw syvk ieh
AwK ky qurMq mINh pvw idMdw hY ik ‘krwmwqW qW gurdyv dy jUTy BWfy mWjx vwly
ivKw skdy hn[”15 pMjvyN gurU dy mihl bIbI gMgw jI nUM pùqr dI dwq gurU
Arjn dyv jI nhIN, aunHW dy syvk bwbw bu`Fw jI b^Sdy hn16, gIqw dy ArQ

202
gurU hrikRSn jI nhIN, aunHW dI imhr sdkw pMfq lwl cMd duAwrw l`B ky
ilAWdw ie`k gUMgw-boLw mnu`K, C`jU krdw hY[17
is`K Drm dy pwswr qy hrmn ipAwry hox nwl dUjy DrmW dI pujwrI jmwq
dI eIr^w Aqy SwskW dy dmnkwrI Aml kwrn gurU swihbwn nUM kSt id`qy jWdy
rhy[ AijhIAW GtnwvW ’qy AwDwirq FwfI pRsMgW iv`c is`K Drm Aqy smwj
iv`c SuB AmlW dI sQwpqI leI gurU swihbwn v`loN kIqIAW kurbwnIAW nUM ismr
ky ieh Bwvnw pYdw kIqI jWdI hY ik gurU swihbwn ny swfy leI kI kuJ kIqw Aqy
AsIN aunHW kurbwnIAW dw kI mu`l moiVAw hY[ bwbr dI c`kI, gurU Arjn dyv jI
dI Shwdq, gurU hrgoibMd swihb jI dIAW lVweIAW, gurU qyZ bhwdr qy aunHW
nwl ShId hox vwly BweI idAwlw jI, BweI mqI dws jI Aqy BweI sqI dws jI
dIAW ShIdIAW Aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI duAwrw srbMs dI kurbwnI nwl sMbMiDq
bySumwr FwfI pRsMg ies ivSy dI pySkwrI krdy hn[
is`K Drm puMn-pwp, jMqrW-mMqrW jW krmkWfW dy ivru`D ie`k jIvn-jwc
hY ijs iv`c mnu`K dy AmlW nUM pRDwnqw hwsl hY[ is`K dy jIvn dI hr srgrmI
dw AwDwr qy pRyrk Drm hI huMdw hY[ ies leI is`K jIvn-jwc iv`c pdwrQ
Aqy prmwrQ jW sMswr qy Drm ie`k Ain`KV sMXog iv`c b`Jy huMdy hn[ ies
sMklp nUM gurU hrgoibMd swihb ny ‘mIrI-pIrI’, gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ‘^wlsw’
Aqy is`K prMprw ny ‘sMq–ispwhI’ Sbd ju`t rwhIN pyS kIqw hY[ gurU drbwrI
FwfI kwiv iv`c pyS hr ikrdwr dI hr srgrmI dw kwrn, pRyrk Aqy lkS
Drm huMdw hY[ gurU drbwrI FwfI Drm pRcwrk huMdw hY[ ies leI gurU drbwrI
FwfI kwiv dw hr ivSw Awpxy AMiqm swr vjoN Dwrimk hI huMdw hY iPr vI
AiDAYn dI sOK leI guris`KW dy aunHW pRsMgW nUM hI Dwrimk vMngI iv`c r`iKAw
jWdw hY ijhVy inrol Dwrimk hn[ gurU gRMQ swihb iv`c drj bwxIkwr BgqW,
imiQhwisk BgqW (ijnHW dy hvwly gurU gRMQ swihb iv`c imldy hn qy ijnHW dw

203
izkr BweI gurdws jI ny AwpxIAW vwrW iv`c vI kIqw hY), swihbzwidAW Aqy
guris`KW dy Dwrimk pRsMgW qoN ielwvw FwfIAW ny gurDwmW bwry vI FwfI pRsMgW dI
rcnw kIqI hY[ Bgq pRhlwd , srvx Bgq, Bgq nwm dyv jI, Bgq rivdws
jI, Bgq DMnw jI, Bgq sYx jI, gurU goibMd isMG jI dy Coty swihbzwdy, hkIkq
rwey, BweI qwrU isMG, pIr BIKn Swh Awid pRsMgW rwhIN is`KI dw pRcwr kIqw
hY[ ies lVI iv`c smkwlI gurmuKW jW is`K sMqW dy pRsMg vI AwauNdy hn pr
ienHW iv`coN bhuqy gurmiq dy pRcwr nwloN fyrydwr sMqW qy aunHW dy fyirAW dw pRcwr
v`D krdy hn[ Aijhy pRsMg fyrydwrW duAwrw FwfIAW nUM pYsy dy ky vI
ilKvwey / gvwey jWdy hn[ sImq Gyry iv`c ArQ r`Kx kwrn ieh G`t Aihm qy
G`t pRis`D hoey hn[
is`K Drm iv`c SrDw pYdw krn ihq FwfIAW ny Aijhy pRsMgW dI isrjxw
vI kw&I mwqrw iv`c kIqI hY ijnHW iv`c gurU Gr iv`coN SrDwlUAW dIAW sMswirk
loVW dI pUrqI huMdI drsweI geI hY[ Drm dw ie`ko-ie`k mnorQ AiDAwqimk
pRwpqI hI huMdw hY pr swDwrn lokweI Drm qoN sMswirk loVW dI pUrqI rwhIN hI
sMquSt hoxw kw&I smJdI hY Aqy Drm dy au~cy-su`cy lkS pRqI nw ruicq hY nw
jwgrUk[ Aijhy mwnisk ql ’qy ivcrdI swDwrn jnqw nUM is`K Drm v`l pRyirq
krn leI ienHW pRsMgW dw mh`qv vD jWdw hY[ gurU Gr dy SrDwlUAW ijnHW dIAW
AwsW pUrIAW hoeIAW- ‘rjnI dw pRsMg’, ‘BweI Awdm’, ‘mMfI dy rwjy hrI sYn
dw pRsMg’, ‘mwqw sul`KxI’, ‘rwjw rqn cMd Awswm /pwqSwhI nOvIN’, ‘m`Kx Swh
lubwxw’, ‘pMifq iSvd`q’, ‘nvwb rhIm bKS krIm bKS’ (sIql) Awid pRsMg
iesy idRStI qoN ArQ gRihx krdy hn[
gurmiq iv`c iksy qIrQ AsQwn jW iksy ^ws gurduAwry dI koeI ivSyS

mh`qqw nhIN iPr vI ieiqhwisk kwrnW krky kuJ gurduAwry v`D siqkwr qy

SrDw dy sQwn bx gey hn[ ieiqhwisk qOr ’qy pRis`D gurduAwrw swihbwn bwry

204
FwfIAW dy ilKy qy irkwrf kIqy kw&I pRsMg pRwpq huMdy hn[ ieh pRivrqI

AwDuink FwfI kwiv dy hr kwl KMf iv`c pRcilq rhI hY pr ipCly do ku

dhwikAW qoN ieh ruJwn kw&I zor PV igAw hY[ ipClI sdI dy Aw^rI dhwky dy

ArMB iv`c is`K KwVkU lihr nUM dbwaux dy bhwny inrdoS is`KW dy JUTy mukwbilAW

rwhIN kIqy kqlW, puils duAwrw irSvq dy rUp iv`c kIqI lokW dI AMnHI lu`t Aqy

is`K pirvwrW nUM jnqk qOr qy byp`q krn dI Srmnwk ivDI rwhIN srkwrI

A`qvwd ny pMjwb iv`c “SWqI” dw mhOl pYdw kIqw[ hzwrW bMidAW dy kql,

ArbW KrbW dI lu`t Aqy jnqk qOr ’qy hoeI bypqI qoN bwAd is`K-mn iknHW ku

BwrqI mu`K-Dwrw ADIn Aw skdw sI (?) ijhVI Awpxy swr vjoN G`t igxqIAW

nUM ^qm krn jW aunHW nUM Awpxy iv`c jzb krn dy AmwnvI Aml rwhIN hI

AwpxI pCwx krwauNdI rhI hY qy ijs dy ivroD iv`c is`KW ny AwpxI pCwx dI

g`l krn dw huxy hI mu`l auqwirAw sI[ Asl iv`c ienHW hwlwq ny is`KW A`gy

AwpxI A`frI hoNd dy svwl nUM bVI iS`dq nwl auBwirAw[ srkwr dIAW

dmnkwrI SkqIAW swmHxy byv`s hoieAw is`K-mn Dwrimk srgrmIAW rwhIN

AwpxI kOmI hoNd dy Aihsws nwl juVdw hY[ ies smyN hI kIrqn krn vwly

‘sMqW’ dI v`fI igxqI au~BrI qy hzwrW dI igxqI iv`c sMgqW kIrqn drbwrW

iv`c hwzrI BrdIAW rhIAW[ ies smyN hI is`K lihr nwl sMbMiDq juJwrUAW dy

pRsMgW dI QW sMqW Aqy gurduAwrw swihbwn dy pRsMg vDyry hrmn ipAwry hoey[

‘gurU rwm dws qyrI ngrI’, ‘goieMdvwl gurW dI ngrI’ (dieAw isMG idlbr),

‘hymkuMt dI mihmw’, ‘Xwqrw hzUr swihb dI’, ‘mukqI dw Gr’ (sMq isMG

pwrs), ‘drSn hymkuMt dy’ (qrsym isMG morWvwlI) Aqy ‘au~cw dr qyrw’

(gurbKS isMG Albylw) Awid kYstW ies ivSy nUM pyS krdIAW hn[

205
sMswirk ivSy :
a. iSMgwr rsI
A. bIr rsI
e. Putkl

iSMgwr rsI
BwrqI kwiv Swsqr Anuswr iSMgwr rs dw AwDwr ipAwr hY[
AwDuink pMjwbI FwfI kwiv dIAW dovW DwrwvW iv`coN gmMqrI FwfI kwivDwrw dw
v`fw ih`sw iSMgwr rsI iviSAW nUM smripq hY[ FwfI kvIAW ny pUrv pRcilq
pRym-kQw prMprw iv`coN hIr-rWJw, sohxI-mhINvwl, s`sI-punUM, imrzw-swihbW
Awid klwisk BWq dIAW pRym kQwvW, G`t pRis`D pRym kQwvW husn bwnoN-Swh
bihrwm, bygo-ieMdr, mlkI-kImw Awid dI FwfI kwiv dy rUp iv`c punr isrjxw
kIqI[ kwkw-pRqwpI, jYkur-ibSn isMG, Swmo nwr (Swmo nwr-hOldwr jvwhr
isMG) Awid nvyN ipAwr pRsMgW nUM vI pMjwbI iSMgwr rsI kwiv prMprw iv`c Swml
kIqw hY[
FwfI kvIAW ny pRym kQwvW dI punr isrjxw kridAW AwpxI kwiv
idRStI Aqy lok AnuBv Anuswr ienHW dy bwhrI FWcy nUM hI nhIN bdilAw sgoN
ienHW nUM nvyN ArQ vI pRdwn kIqy hn[ ik`sw kwiv m`DkwlI sMswirk kivqw
svIkwr kIqI jWdI hY ijs iv`c AOrq-mrd dy ieSk nUM smwijk, sdwcwirk
Aqy Dwrimk cOKty iv`c r`K ky smgr rUp iv`c pyS kIqw igAw hY[ m`DkwlI
icMqn Drm AwDwirq hox kwrn ik`sw kwiv iv`c mjwzI ieSk nUM sU&I AnuBv dy
sMklp ‘ieSk hkIkI’ dI rMgx cwVH ky Dwrimk pirpyK pRdwn kIqw igAw hY[
FwfI kwiv iv`c ieSk dy ivSy nUM sU&I rMg iv`c nhIN, BwrqI icMqn dI
purwixk Dwrw nwl joV ky pyS kIqw igAw hY ijs nwl ies dy ik`sw kwiv vwly
mUl sMklp hI bdl jWdy hn[ ie`Qy ieSk, ‘ieSk kIqw su j`g dw mUl mIAW’

206
(hIr vwrs) jW ‘hr Arvwh AsIr ieSk dw kYd ijsm iv`c pwieAw’ (s`sI
hwSm) nhIN, dYvI hukm AdUlI jW dYvI sdwcwr dI aulMGxw dw srwp hY[
‘hwSm nyhuM AsIl kmwvx hor gvwr kI jwxy’ (s`sI) dw sMklp vI FwfI kwiv
iv`c ault igAw pRqIq huMdw hY[ FwfI kwiv dy nwiek / nwiekwvW r`b v`loN
vroswey hoey nhIN r`bI drgwh iv`coN s`q jnm ie`k-dUjy ip`Cy Btkx Aqy mlyCW
dy Gr jnm lYx dw srwp dy ky k`Fy hoey hn[”18
FwfI gOx iv`c ieSk nw qW ie`k jnm dw muQwj hY Aqy nw hI smyN qy
sQwn dI sImw iv`c b`iJAw hoieAw hY[ ieh bRhm lok qoN pwqwl lok, sqXug qoN
klXug Aqy jnm-mOq dIAW h`dW dy Awr-pwr PYilAw hoieAw hY[ hIr AdlI
rwjy nUM Awpxy qy rWJy dy ipCly jnmW dy ieSk bwry ies qrW jwxkwrI idMdI hY-
rWJw myrw rwm AvqwrI bx igAw,
pihly jnm dy iv`c mYN bx gI sIqw mweI[
rWJw myrw kwhn auqwrI bx igAw,
mYN bx ky loko vy rwDkW AweI[
rWJw myrw qKq hzwry jnimAW,
mYN Gr vy AdlIAw isAwlW dy jweI[19
rx isMG ny hIr qy rWJy dy s`q jnmW dI d`s pweI hY pr auh auprokq
nwloN iBMn hn[ pihlw jnm bRhm lok iv`c, hIr bRhmw dI DI sursqI, rWJw
bRhmw dw pu`qr mrIck, dUjy jnm iv`c klw qy mrIck, qIjy jnm iv`c hIr
BwgBrI mynkw Aqy rWJw ieMdr dw pùqr jYn, cOQy jnm iv`c hIr qy rWJy dy rUp
iv`c imrq-lok iv`c pYdw hoey[ ies qoN bwAd vI rx isMG ny iqMn hor jnmW dI
klpnw kIqI hY[ iesy qrW s`sI-punUM, imrzw-swihbW, pUrn, lUxW Aqy suMdrW,
mlkI-drIAw Awid ipCly jnmW dy krmW iv`c b`Jy hoey hn[ iSMgwr rsI gOxW
dy nwiek-nwiekw nw isr& dYvI mMfl nwl sMbMiDq hn sgoN ienHW nUM Avqwr
prMprw iv`c vI Swml krn dy vyrvy FwfI kwiv iv`coN pRwpq ho jWdy hn[ kOlW

207
BgqxI dy gurmyl pMDyr duAwrw irkwriff pRsMg iv`c cwr Xu`gW dy AvqwrW dy
izkr iv`c pUrn Bgq nUM klX`ug dw Avqwr AwiKAw igAw hY[ FwfIAW ny pUrn
dw gOx sB qoN v`D krm isMG tUisAW vwly dw gwieAw hY ijs iv`c gorK nwl
g`l kridAW rwxI suMdrW AwKdI hY-
mYN pu`qrI ihmwcl irSI dI ilAw gOrjW nwm Drw[
myrw iSvjI dy nwl sMjog sI dwsI crnw dI rhI sdw[
ieh pUrn ikRSn Avqwr sI gaUAW gokl myN irhw crw[
mYN bx ky guAwln Aw geI mtkI du`D kI sIs itkw[
Pyr Ap`CrW dI srdwr sI id`qI ieMdr purI suhw[
ieh surp`q rwjw ieMdr sI inrqkwrI myN ilAw irJw[20

FwfI kwiv dy iSMgwr rsI gOxW iv`c purwixk kQw ivDI dw boJ isr&
mnu`K pwqrW ’qy hI nhIN sgoN nwiek v`loN vrqIAW geIAW vsqUAW qy jIvW nUM vI
AlOikk bxw id`qw hY[ rWJy dI vMJlI aus kml dI fMfI qoN bxI ijs iv`coN bRhmw
jnimAW, rWJy dw ptkw bRhm-lok qoN lY ky svrg-lok Aqy mwq-lok dy
ieiqhwisk qy imiQhwisk pwqrW ; AvqwrW, dyviqAW, gurUAW, BgqW irSIAW
munIAW dI sWJI imhnq nwl iqAwr ho ky rWJy q`k phuMcdw hY[ Aijhy vyrvy pyS
kridAW kudrqI hI kvI kwl qoN byprvwh rihMdy hn[ ies idRStIkox qoN imrzy
dI b`kI bwry jwxkwrI nUM vyiKAw jw skdw hY-

ArSoN qW au~qry vy imrizAw Cy jxy, do BYxW qy cwr Brw [

kwlw rswlU lY igAw, pY igAw isAwlkot dy rwh [
nIlw gUgy cOhwn dw, iv`c DrqI igAw smw [
duldul AlI ny pwiLAw, du`D mlIdy KuAw [
BOrw BweI du`ly rwT dw, jMg Akbr nwl igAw mcw [

208
 roJw iml igAw gurU goibMd nUM, (rwKy ihMd nUM, gujrI dy cMd nUM)
id`qw ihMd dw Drm bcw[
k`kI iml geI vy sKI sulqwn nUM, B`jI pOx nUM idMdI nw fwh[
mYN b`kI qYnUM iml gI vy j`tw roLIAw, cwry kUtW mYN C`fIAW gwh[21

nwiek nwiekwvW AvqwrI, dYvI Aqy prI ipCokV kwrn AwpxI hoNd qy
hoxI bwry cyqMn hn[ ieh ieSk dy rsqy iv`c AweIAW AOkVW qoN GbrwauNdy, roNdy
kurlwauNdy hn pr krwmwqI SkqIAW Aqy smr`Q AiDAwqimk pwqrW dI
shwieqw nwl hr musIbq iv`coN s&lqw nwl pwr ho jWdy hn[ ienHW guxW dy nwl
nwiek / nwiekw dI AswDwrn ^UbsUrqI nUM FwfI kwiv iv`c bVI rIJ nwl
icqirAw igAw hY jo iSgwr rsI kivqw dw mIrI gux hY[
FwfI kwiv iv`c AOrq dI suMdrqw nUM icqrn leI Anyk ivDIAW vrqIAW
geIAW imldIAW hn[ ibAwn rwhIN nwiekw dI suMdrqw dw Sbd-ic`qr aulIkxw
ienHW ivDIAW iv`coN ie`k hY[ FwfI kvIAW ny AOrq dy nkS icqrn Aqy aus dy
iek`ly iek`ly AMg dI suMdrqw dw izkr kIqw hY[ BwvyN FwfI kwiv bwry ivcwr
kridAW Aksr hI ies nUM hr qrW dI ASlIlqw qoN pwk-dwmn hox dw mwx
id`qw jWdw hY pr AOrq dI srIrk suMdrqw dw vrxn kridAW ies iv`c keI
vwr ASlIlqw dw AMS Swml ho jWdw hY BwvyN ieh mwmlw kvI dI ivAkqIgq
rucI ’qy hI inrBr krdw hY[ srIrk suMdrqw iv`c vwDw krn vwly q`qW iv`coN
AOrq dy pihrwvy, gihxy Aqy iSMgwr dIAW cIzW ; dMdwsw, Aqr Aqy surmyN
Awid dw izkr vI kIqw igAw hY ijs iv`c pihrwvy dy k`pVy, k`pVy dI iksm,
k`pVy Aqy gihxy pihnx Aqy iSMgwr-vsqUAW dI vrqoN dy slIky Aqy qor dy
AMdwz nUM vI Swml kIqw igAw hY[ ikqy ikqy FwfI kvIAW ny nwiekw dI suMdrqw
nUM vrxn krn qoN Asmr`Qw pRgtwaux dI jugq rwhIN vI nwiekw dI ^UbsUrqI dw
pRgtwvw kIqw hY[ pMjwbI FwfI kvIAW ny ijhVI ivDI nUM sB qoN v`D vriqAw hY

209
auh hY nwiekw dI suMdrqw dw pRBwv[ FwfI kwiv dIAW nwiekwvW ieMnIAW
^UbsUrq hn ik aunHW ’qy mnu`K qW kI ^ud bRhmw, ieMdr, irSI-munI, is`D, nwQ,
pRikrqI dIAW sB jVH Aqy cyqMn hoNdW AwSk ho jWdIAW hn[
nwiekw dI ^UbsUrqI dI ie`k audwhrx pyS hY-
jdoN tihlx ny g`lW d`sIAW, rwxI suMdrW nUM Aw igAw s`c [
k`pVy pihny rySmI, tUMmW v`Ko v`K [
m`Qw bwly cMd dw, kwly imrg dI A`K [
ishlI vWg kmwn dy, suhxw kuMFw jw n`k [
dMd bx gy dwxy Anwr dy, b`ulH plvIsIAW p`q [
jIB inAwxy nwg dI, fMg jW mwrdI J`t [
DunI quMg Srwb dw, pyfU jW pYNdy v`t [
p`t cMnx dIAW gylIAW, kokI AwauNdw l`k [22

nwiek / nwiekw dI ^UbsUrqI vrxn p`KoN FwfI kwiv dI ie`k ivSySqw

ieh hY
ik nwiekwvW BwvyN A`q suMdr hn pr nwiek dy mukwbly auh G`t suMdr hn[ Awm
smJ muqwbk AOrq hoNd dw pRDwn p`K srIrk suMdrqw nUM mMinAw jWdw hY BwvyN
sIrq dI AihmIAq qoN vI ienkwr nhIN ho skdw[ mrd hoNd iv`c BwvyN
ijsmwnI ^UbsUrqI bhuq v`fw p`K hY pr pRwQimkqw aus dy mrdwvyN guxW nUM hI
hwsl hY[ BwvyN ies ivcwr ip`Cy m`DkwlI mrd-mwniskqw nUM hI kwrjSIl
AwiKAw jwvy pr smkwlI vrqwrw vI iesy ivcwr dI hI puStI krdw hY[ FwfI
kwiv iv`c ieh vrqwrw ivl`Kx hY, pr hY mlveI rucIAW dy AnuswrI[ mwlvy dw
v`fw ih`sw jMgl hox krky hmlwvrW, DwVvIAW Aqy AMdrUnI lVweIAW dI aus
mwr qoN kw&I h`d q`k bicAw irhw hY ijhVI pMjwb dy v`D ivkisq ielwikAW nUM
J`lxI peI[ Aijhy hwlwq iv`c mwlvw Awpxy SONkW nUM pwldw irhw hY[ mwlvy

210
iv`c mrd AOrqW vWg hI bhuq gihxy vI pihndy rhy hn ijs qoN mrdW dI
srIrk suMdrqw dI rucI dw pRgtwvw huMdw hY[ lok gIqW iv`c vI mwlvy nUM ‘SOkIn
mwlvw’ AwiKAw igAw imldw hY[ FwfI kwiv iv`c hIr dw gOx sB qoN v`D
hrmn ipAwrw hY qy nwiekwvW iv`coN hIr[ pUrn Bgq dw gOx BgqI Bwv nUM idRVH
krwauNdw hY[ pUrn Bgq dy jq-sq nUM prKx leI suMdrW ie`k ksv`tI vjoN pyS
hoeI hox krky lwimswl suMdrqw dI mUrq hY[ pr FwfIAW ny ienHW kQwvW dy
nwiekW nUM nwiekwvW nwloN v`D ^UbsUrq drswieAw hY-
qyry rUp nwloN pYr cMgyry nwQ dy,
ijhVy rUp dIAW qUM krdI sI vifAweIAW[
PUlW isPqW kr nw rjdI sudwvy hIr nUM,
kuVIAW sxy hjUrw isMG sB dyx duhweIAW] 108]23
Aqy
jW sUrj jW cMd hY jW hY rwm Avqwr [
mYN ho gI dIvwnI dyK ky Kw gI igrdIAW cwr[
c`l ky dyK mjwjxy, rUp qYQoN hY Qok hzwr[
auh iB`iCAw nhIN isAwxdw qyry dyKx dI drkwr] 163]24

AwSkW nUM ieSk szw vjoN imilAw hY pr ieh szw vI AOrq-mrd dI

iK`c kwrn nhIN dUrI r`Kx kwrn hY[ sursqI qy mrIck bRhmw dy kihx ’qy
sMqwn pYdw krn qoN ienkwrI Aqy jq-sq qy r`b dI BgqI vwlw jIvn ijauxw
locdy hn[ is`ty vjoN bRhmw dy gu`sy dw iSkwr ho ky s`q jnm ie`k dUjy ip`Cy
Btkx leI srwpy jWdy hn[ srwp qoN bc skxw qW sMBv hI nhIN pr mrIck
(rWJw) irSIAW kol bynqI krdw hY ik ieSk iv`c s`q jnm Btkx dy bwvjUd
aus dw jq-sq kwiem rhy[ AOrq mrd dw ieSk Aqy jq-sq dw isdk do
ivroDI vrqwry hn[ ienHW ivroDW dI ie`k-j`utqw nUM isdk nwl inBwauxw AwSk

211
leI vMgwr huMdI hY[ ies isdk nUM prKx leI ksv`tI vjoN Anyk sMkt hwzr
rihMdy hn[ ies kr ky ieSk kmwauxw sOKw nhIN, isroN lMiGAW dI Kyf hY-

XwrI lwauxI hIry nI ijgr dw vycxw,

AwSk sUrimAW dy isr nhIN hn rMny[25

ijauN ijauN AwSk ies isdk nUM idRVHqw nwl inBwauNdw jWdw hY, aus nUM
ZYbI SkqIAW shwiek bxdIAW jWdIAW hn[ ij`Qy vwrs dw rWJw gorK nwQ
kol lMgotI dI swbqI qoN sw& ienkwr krdw hY au~Qy gMgw isMG BUMdV dI hIr
iv`c pwk muh`bq dw dwhvw krdw hY-

pwk muh`bq myrI nwl hIr dy l`g geI AY,

kwmI BogI ijauN idn rwq nw hMFwauxI[
jq priqauxY g`f kVwhI h`Q pvw lY qUM,
XwrI swvq ho jU mYN hIr dI lwauxI[26
ies pwk muh`bq dw ieh vI qkwzw hY ik ieh ik`isAW vWg mOq nwl mu`k
nhIN jWdI[ ies dI rsweI jnm qy srIrW qoN pwr hY pr Srq ieSk dI su`cqw
nUM inBwauxw hY[ ij`Qy ieSk su`cqw ivhUxw ho ky srIrW dI Kyf bx jWdw hY au~Qy
AwSk AwpxIAW swrIAW smr`QwvW vI guAw bYTdw hY Aqy ieSk ies nwpwk
dunIAW qoN sdw leI ^qm ho jWdw hY[ imrzw ieMnw v`fw bwhUblI, dlyr, qIr-
AMdwzI Aqy qlvwrbwzI dw byjoV mwhr hY ik aus qoN ^udw vI BY KWdw hY[ imrzy
dI GoVI ‘b`kI’ hvw iv`c aufdI hY qy aus qoN ‘PrySqy’ frdy hn[ pr loV vyly
nw auh b`kI nUM vrq sikAw, nw qIr qlvwr hI iksy kMm Awey, nw hI koeI ZYbI
SkqI shwieqw leI bhuVI Aqy nw hI mOq auprMq dyvI dyvqy jW AwSk imrzy nUM
lYx leI Awey[ imrzy dI khwxI iv`c ruhwnI su`cqw dI QW srIrk rucI BwrU hox

212
nwl prMprk ieSk dw gOrv ^qm ho jWdw hY Aqy ie`Qy hI ieSk dI h`d vI mu`k
jWdI hY-
“mr ey imrzy qoN, h`d tu`t geI AwSkW vwlI”[27

kwdrXwr ny vI iesy m`q nwl sihmqI pRgt kIqI hY-

ijs idn XUs& jMimAW hoieAw ieSk qdoN[
pr zwihr iv`c jhwn dy hoieAw Awx qdoN[
Pyr jhwnoN tur igAw imrzw hoieAw jdoN[
EdUM ipCoN kwdrw hoieAw Awx kdoN[28

‘imrzw-swihbW’ iSMgwr, bIr qy kruxw rs dy sumyl nUM pyS krn vwlI

AijhI ipAwr kQw hY ijhVI hor ipAwr kQwvW qoN mUloN iBMn hY[ ij`Qy hor
ipAwr kQwvW dy nwiek ivroDI iDr v`loN pYdw kIqIAW sm`isAwvW nUM r`b v`loN
ilKI qkdIr mMn ky sMkt Bogdy, roNdy kurlwauNdy qy byv`s ho ky sroqy dy qrs dy
pwqr bx jWdy hn Aqy mwSUk nUM pRwpq krn leI Awpxy ipAwr nUM s`cw sùcw,
Dur drgwhoN, r`b v`loN pRwpq hox dw inqwxw ijhw dwhvw jqwauNdy hoey A`q swaU
ivhwr krdy hn au~Qy imrzw ivroDI iDr nwl mYdwny jMg iv`c t`kr lYx dI
ihMmq krn vwlw bwhUblI, qlvwrbwz, qIrAMdwz sUrmw nwiek hY[ imrzy
swihbW dy ieSk au~qy nw sU&I &ls&y dw rMg ciVHAw hY nw BwrqI &ls&y dw
boJ, ieh inrol AOrq mrd dw ieSk hY jo kbIlw Bwvnw dy ipCokV iv`coN
au~Brdw hox kr ky pyNfU mwniskqw dI sB qoN v`D pRmwixk pySkwrI krdw hY[
hYrq dI g`l hY ik ieh ik`sw sB qoN pihlW pMjwbI dy moFI ik`swkwr dmodr dy
smkwlI pIlU Swier ny ricAw jo FwfIAW dy mUMho-mMUh qurdw hoieAw Awpxy mUl
cOKty iv`c A`j vI pRcilq hY BwvyN bhuq FwfIAW ny AwpxI AnuBUqI qy rucI
muqwbk ies iv`c ku`J qbdIlIAW vI kIqIAW hn[ pIlU dI ieh rcnw ivSy,

213
kwiv rUp, CMd, rcnw idRStI Aqy gwiex SYlI p`KoN FwfI gOx dw ie`k nmUnw hY
ijs nUM hux q`k pMjwbI dI ik`sw prMprw iv`c ivcwrn dI ZlqI lgwqwr
duhrweI jw rhI hY[ ies ipAwr kQw iv`c AiDAwqimk Aqy sdwcwirk
idRStIkox qoN snmwinq dwqy, Bgq qy sUrmy nwiek dI prMprw qoN ht ky sUrmy
AwSk nUM Amr pdvI id`qI geI hY-

koeI nI j`g iv`c jwxdw

l`K mr gey Swh qy &kIr[
kihMdw AwSk SONkI sUrmyN,
iv`c dunIAW rhy XwdgIr[29

FwfI kvIAW ny pMjwb dIAW snwqnI ipAwr kQwvW nUM ies h`d q`k
purwixk imiQhws dy rMg iv`c rMg id`qw ik ienHW dI ieiqhwisk pCwx Aqy dyS-
kwl dw i^Awl hI ivswr id`qw igAw[ dsm gRMQ dy pRBwv ADIn pYdw hoeI ieh
rucI gurU drbwrI FwfI kwiv iv`coN qW sucyq Xqn kr ky ^qm kr id`qI geI pr
gmMqrI FwfI kwiv iv`c ieh inrMqr pRvwhmwn rhI[ ies pRBwv ADIn FwfI
kivqw iv`c rumWitk-AwdrS q`qW dI Brmwr dy bwvjUd mwlvy dy jIvn dw shI
nkSw iK`icAw igAw hY[ ij`Qy mwlvy dy Kwx-pihnx, rihx-sihx, vihm-Brm,
rsmoN-irvwj, Sgn-ApSgn, kMm-DMdy, mwnqwvW dI pySkwrI rwhIN s`iBAwcwr
dw ie`k ivrwt qy bhurMgw ic`qr au~GiVAw hY au~Qy mwlvy dI pyNfU bolI Aqy ies
dy jtkI muhwvry dI swihiqk smr`Qw dI ijMnI pCwx FwfI kivqw rwhIN hoeI hY
kvISrI nUM C`f ky, ies dI hor auDwhrx nhIN imldI[
pMjwb dIAW klwisk ipAwr kQwvW qoN ielwvw FwfIAW ny kuJ sQwink
p`Dr ’qy vwprIAW Aqy pRis`D hoeIAW ipAwr khwxIAW au~pr vI kwiv rcnw
kIqI hY[ ijnHW iv`c kImw-mlkI, bygonwr, jYkur-ibSn isMG Aqy kwkw-pRqwpI

214
Awid pRsMg izkrXog hn[ klwsIkl ipAwr kQwvW nwloN ieh rcnwvW ivDw,
sm`isAwkwr, rcnw-idRStI, kQw-ivDIAW, pwqrW dI pRikrqI, inBwA Aqy
mnorQ p`KoN v`KrI pCwx dIAW DwrnI hn[ Asl iv`c FwfIAW ny v`f AwkwrIAW
qy mhWkwivk pRikrqI vwlIAW klwskI ipAwr kQwvW dy mukwbly ienHW gOxW nUM
pRsMg rUp iv`c ricAw hY[ mlkI kImy dw gOx iSMgwr qy kruxw dw suMdr sumyl
hY[ ies pRsMg iv`c vwpry duKWq nUM ipCly krmW dy lyKy nwl joiVAw igAw hY-
pihly jnm myrw Gr bRYhmxw,
Pyr pYr mYN ksweIAW Gr r`KW[
j`t drIAw bx igAw b`krw,
KrId ky ilAweI mweI j`sW[
h`Q ‘c myry CurI POlwd dI mwey,
nI mYN isr drIey dw k`PW[
ilAW isrW qoN isr dyxy Aw gy,
hux ivD ikhVI r`KW[30

ies pRsMg ivclI sm`isAw nUM BwvyN ipCly krm nwl sMbMiDq kr id`qw
igAw hY pr ies Gtnw dw ieiqhwisk, smwijk Aqy rwjnIiqk AwDwr ieMnw
Tos hY ik ipCly krmW dw vyrvw isr& muhwvry qoN v`D ArQ nhIN r`Kdw[ auNJ
vI ies pRsMg iv`c isr lYx kwrn isr dyx dI g`l pUrI hox dI QW ault ho
jWdI hY[ mlkI qy kImy dI AswDwrn suMdrqw Aqy ie`k dUjy dI suMdrqw bwry
suxky ie`k dUjy qy AwSk hox dy vyrvy iSgwr rs dw nmUnw pyS krdy hn[ j`tW
iv`c BrwvW dI SrIkwbwzI Aqy rwjsI Ahudy dI pRwpqI ihq ^Un dy irSiqAW dI
kurbwnI Aqy smwj v`loN bypRvwh ho jwx nUM ies pRsMg iv`c bw^UbI inBwieAw
igAw hY[ bygonwr pihlI nzry ipAwr pYx Aqy ipAwr qoN qurMq sB kuJ kurbwn
kr dyx dI lwimswl pr sMKyp khwxI hY[ kwkw-pRqwpI dI ipAwr kQw imrzw

215
swihbW dI kQw dy Gtnw c`kr dI vMngI iv`c r`KI jw skdI hY jo smwijk mwx
mrXwdw qy ieSk dy tkrwA nUM pyS krdI hY[ pRqwpI dw ieSk kwky nwl hY pr
aus nUM ivAwh ikqy hor id`qw igAw[ pqw l`gx ’qy kwkw folI nUM rsqy iv`c Gyr
ky ih`k dy zor nwl pRqwpI nUM Koh ky lY jWdw hY[ sQwink pCwx vwlIAW
AijhIAW kuJ hor ipAwr kQwvW / GtnwvW nUM vI FwfIAW ny AwpxIAW rcnwvW
dw AwDwr bxwieAw hY[ ienHW GtnwvW jW swikAW nUM lMmIAW kQwvW iv`c pyS
krn dI QW Alp AwkwrI pRsMgW iv`c pyS kIqw igAw hY[ ieSk dy msly nUM
Dwrimk ipCokV, purwixk kQw ivDI Aqy sU&I rMgx iv`c nhIN rMigAw hoieAw[
ieh duinAwvI, h`f-mws dw ieSk hY ijs dI mhwnqw mnu`K dy srIr Aqy mn dy
r`j vjoN au~BrI hY, r`bI myl jW surg pRwpqI ies dI mMzl nhIN[ klwsIkl
ieSk kQwvW dw ieSk ruhwnI, hkIkI Aqy ArSI ^wsy vwlw hY pr au~pr
vrixq kQwvW ivclw ipAwr srIr, mn Aqy zmInI p`Dr ’qy vwprdw hY[ ieauN
FwfI kwiv ieSk hkIkI qoN ieSk mjwzI q`k s&r qW zrUr krdw hY iPr vI
ieh ipAwr kQwvW nUM smkwlI srokwrW Aqy sMvydnwvW Anuswr Fwlx qoN
Asmr`Q hI rihMdw hY[

bIr rsI FwfI kwiv

pMjwbI FwfI kwiv Awid kwl qoN hI bIrqw dy Bwv pRgtwvy dw sB qoN v`D
zordwr klw mwiDAm hY[ gurU hrgoibMd swihb qoN pihlW bIrqw dw AwDwr
sMswirk jIvn irhw hY ijs nUM gurU swihb ny sMswirk dy nwl hI prmwriQk
AwDwr pRdwn kr ky hor ivSwl kIqw[ ies dy nwl hI FwfI kwiv do DwrwvW
gmMqrI FwfI kwiv Aqy gurU drbwrI FwfI kwiv iv`c ivkisq huMdw hY[ AwDuink
kwl iv`c ieh dovyN DwrwvW hI hor iviSAW dy nwl nwl AwpxI bIr prMprw nwl
vI p`ky qOr ’qy juVIAW hoeIAW hn BwvyN ivSw smgrI, rcnw idRStI Aqy mnorQ
p`KoN iBMn hox kwrn ienHW iv`c pyS hoeI bIrqw vI v`KrI pRikrqI vwlI hY[

216
gmMqrI FwfI kwiv iv`c pyS hoeI bIrqw dw AwDwr lokDwrweI smgrI hY Aqy
gurU drbwrI FwfI kwiv dI bIrqw dw AwDwr ieiqhwisk ivAkqI, GtnwvW Aqy
q`Q hn[ is`K nwiek is`K AwdrSW nUM prxwieAw hoieAw hY Aqy lok nwiek
lok mn dI isrjxw hox kwrn lok mwniskqw dI pRqIinDqw krdw hY[
gmMqrI FwfI kvIAW ny bIr rsI kivqw dI isrjxw m`DkwlI bIr kQwvW
dy AwDwr ’qy vI kIqI hY Aqy Awpxy inkt-kwlI bIr nwiekW nUM AwDwr bxw ky
vI[ du`lw B`tI Aqy jYml P`qw Akbr kwl nwl sMbMiDq hn ijnHW dy bIr pRsMgW
nUM FwfI ienHW dy smyN qoN bwAd A`j q`k lgwqwr gwauNdy Aw rhy hn[ mhwrwjw
rxjIq isMG dy smyN ienHW dy hrmn ipAwry hox dI puStI Swh muhMmd ies qrW
krdw hY-
du`ly B`tI nUM gWvdw j`g swrw
jYml P`qy dIAW vwrW swrIAW nI[31

mhWBwrq Aqy rwmwiex iv`coN keI bIr pRsMg, ieslwmI ipCokV iv`coN
dhUd bwdSwh, au~nIvIN sdI dy ipCly A`D iv`c pRis`D hoey bIr nwiekW iv`coN
ijauxw mOV, su`cw isMG sUrmw Aqy j`gy qoN ielwvw G`t pRis`D Aqy vIhvIN sdI
nwl sMbMiDq rwmx lylyvwlw, kuMFw gwjIAwxy vwlw, drbwrw CMnw vwlw, fwkU
hrPUl isMG, fwkU Swm lwl Awid dy bIr kwrnwimAW ’qy AwDwirq kivqwvW
gmMqrI FwfIAW ny gweIAW hn[ imrzw swihbW dI khwxI nUM BwvyN ipAwr dy
ivSy nwl sMbMiDq mMn ky iSMgwr rsI swihq dI kotI iv`c r`iKAw jWdw hY pr
ieh ipAwr dy ivSy qoN v`D bIrqw dw pRsMg hY[ iesy lVI iv`c kwkw pRqwpI dw
pRsMg vI Swml hY[
AwDuink pMjwbI gmMqrI FwfI kwiv dI bIr pRivrqI bIrqw dy Aijhy
invykly qy mOilk sMklp dI isrjxw krdI hY ijhVw nw qW Awid kwlIn FwfI
kwiv dI Xu`D bIr, Drm bIr Aqy dwn bIr dI iekihrI bIrqw nwl myl KWdw hY

217
Aqy nw hI gurU drbwrI FwfI kwiv dI sMq-ispwhI dy ivroDI ju`t dI pwk-
ie`ksurqw iv`coN pYdw hoeI bIrqw dy AwdrS q`k phuMcdI hY[
BwrqI bIr swihq dI ie`k ivSySqw Xu`D qy pRym nUM nwlo nwl pyS krn dI
hY[ CotI motI JVp qoN lY ky hr Xu`D dy iv`c iksy suMdr iesqrI nUM pRwpq krn
dI lwlsw Av`S kMm krdI drsweI jWdI rhI hY[ “jdoN iksy Xu`D dw kwrn
koeI iesqrI nhIN vI huMdI sI, audoN vI iksy iesqrI dw mnoklipq ibrqWq
iv`c joV ilAw jWdw sI[”32 rwmwiex qy mhWBwrq qoN su`cy sUrmy dy pRsMg q`k
ieh ibrqI hI kwrjSIl hY ijs dw pRgtwvw Swh muhMmd ny ‘huMdy Awey ny rMnw dy
DuroN kwry’ AwK ky kIqw hY[ mrd dI suMdr iesqrI nUM pRwpq krn dI lwlsw dw
pRgtwvw qW bRhmw dI bxweI pihlI AOrq ; gOqm dI nwr Ah`ilAw Aqy ieMdr
dy pRsMg rwhIN hI swmHxy Aw jWdw hY[ pr duAwpr dw Avqwr ikRSn qW AwpxI
pRymkw rukmxI nUM aus dy ivAwh vwly idn rukmxI dy Brw qy mMgyqr qoN ih`k dy
zor Koh lYNdw hY[ ies moit& nUM pMjwbI FwfI kwiv dy Anyk bIr pRsMgW iv`c
vwr-vwr duhrwieAw igAw hY[ mUsy dI vwr Aqy AwDuink FwfI kwiv dy imrzw-
swihbW, dhUd bwdSwh, gUgw Aqy kwkw-pRqwpI Awid pRsMg iesy lVI iv`c
ivcwry jw skdy hn[ rukmxI nUM Koh lYxw qW ikRSn dI lIlHw AwKI jw skdI hY
pr swDwrn mnu`K dy sMdrB iv`c smwijk s`iBAwcwirk idRStIkox qoN ieh BYV
hI mMinAw jwvygw[ BYV dy doS qoN mukqI leI FwfIAW ny do ivDIAW dI vrqoN
kIqI hY[ pihlI nwiekw nUM nwiek dI mMgyqr vjoN pyS krnw ijvyN imrzw swihbW
Aqy gUgy dI kQw iv`c[ mMgyqr lVkI dw iksy hor nwl ivAwhy jwxw pMjwbI
s`iBAwcwr iv`c mrd leI sB qoN v`fy imhixAW iv`coN ie`k hY[ ie`ko bolI ‘v`fw
sUrmY qW ivAwh lY mMg AwpxI’ dhUd swmHxy izMdgI-mOq dw svwl KVHw kr
idMdI hY[ pIlU dy imrzy dw p`K hY ik ‘ivAwh hovy C`f dyvW mMg nw C`fI jw[’
gUgy nUM mMg ivAwhux leI do msyrW dw kql krnw pYNdw hY[ dUjI ivDI nwiek

218
nwiekw dy ipAwr nUM Dwrimk sMdrB nwl joVn dy rUp iv`c swkwr huMdI hY[ swaU
AwSkW dIAW kQwvW iv`c ies ivDI dI vrqoN Awm hY, imrzy-swihbW dy pRsMg
iv`c ies dy kuJ AMS hn[ sUrmy AwSkW dI vMngI iv`c kwkw ie`k hor Aijhw
pwqr hY ijhVw foLI iv`c iljweI jw rhI pRqwpI nUM brwq qoN Awpxy bwhUbl nwl
Koh ky pRwpq kr lYNdw hY[ bKqOrw gMgw vwlw vI iksy hor nUM AwpxI mMg nhIN
ivAwhux idMdw, zbr-dsqI cu`k iljWdw hY[ pMjwbI s`iBAwcwr iv`c ij`Qy AwpxI
mMg ivAwhuxw AxKI mrdW leI lwzmI huMdw hY au~Qy Awpxy Gr dI AOrq dw
iksy prwey nwl sMbMD vI AxK nUM im`tI iv`c rolx smwn huMdw hY[ ieh AxK dw
mslw su`cy duAwrw Gu`kr m`l, Bwg Aqy vIro dy kql dw kwrn bxdw hY[ iesy
AxK leI kwkw kuMFw isMG nwl iml ky bItI Aqy AwpxI BrjweI hrnwmI dw
kql kr idMdw hY BwvyN ik bItI gurU ky bwg dy morcy iv`c is`KW ’qy AMnHW qS`dd
Fwaux kr ky vI is`KW dIAW A`KW iv`c rVkdw sI[ ikSny nUM Aihmd fogr
duAwrw puls nUM PVwaux dy kwrn bwry iqMn rvwieqW pRcilq hn ijnHW iv`coN ie`k
ieh hY ik fogr nUM ieh S`k sI ik ikSnw aus dI jnwnI nwl ‘mwVw’ hY[
du`lw pMjwbI lok FwfIAW dw sB qoN v`D gwieAw jwx vwlw bIr nwiek hY
ijs dw pRsMg nwbrI dI iekihrI qy iq`KI sur dI byjoV imswl hY[ srkwrI
^zwny nUM lu`txw, SwhI Swno-SOkq nwl rihxw Aqy srkwrI lgwn dyx qoN munkr
hoxw, nwnikAW nUM lu`txw Aqy AwpxI Suhrq hwsl krn leI ausqwd bRwhmx
nUM ku`t dyxw Awid nwl aus dI bZwvqI Snw^q sQwipq huMdI hY[ du`lw ZrIbW dw
m`ddgwr qy hmdrd hY[ aus dy jIvn dI sB qoN v`fI Gtnw Awpxy ipE-dwdy
dw bdlw lYx leI mugl bwdSwh Akbr nUM vMgwrnw hY ijs ny aus dy ipE dwdy
nUM kql krky aunHW dIAW K`lW qUVI Brvw ky Sihr dy mu`K drvwzy ’qy tMgvw
id`qIAW sn[ jYml-P`qw rwjpUqI AxK dw sbUq idMidAW muZl bwdSwh Akbr
nUM DI dw folw dyx dI QW aus nwl jUJ ky mrn nUM vDyry psMd krdy hn[ ijauxw

219
mOV Awm lokW nUM lu`tx-ku`tx vwlw fwkU hI sI pr hirAwaU dy Aihmd fogr qoN,
ijs ny ikSny nUM Xwr bxw ky puils nUM PVw id`qw sI, Brw dw bdlw lYx dw
kwrnwmw aus nUM siqkwr dw pwqr bxw idMdw hY[ su`cw isMG Awpxy nW vrgy hI
su`cy ikrdwr dw mwlk hY[ BwvyN aus dy jIvn nwl bLdI A`g iv`coN mwsUm b`cy
bwhr k`Fx Aqy bu`cVW qoN gauAW Cufwaux vrgy kwrnwmy vI juVy hoey hn pr aus
dI pRis`DI dw mu`K kwrn Xwr-mwr krn vwly bd-clx Gu`kr Aqy Bwg qoN aunHW
dI krqUq dw bdlw lYxw hY[ j`gw pMjwbI FwfI kwiv dw Aijhw nwiek hY ijs
bwry “j`gw j`t nI iksy ny bx jwxw, Gr-Gr pu`q jMmdy” kwiv quk hr pMjwbI
dI zubwn qy cVHI hoeI hY[ j`gw bhuq hI in`kIAW-motIAW corI dIAW GtnwvW qoN
bwAd pRis`D fwkU bx igAw[ aus dw puils nwl vYr pY igAw[ bMdUk Kohx leI
hoeI h`QopweI iv`c ispwhI dI mOq auprMq jylH igAw ij`Qy aus ny drogy nUM
ku`itAw[ SurU iv`c aus dw dwierw in`kIAW-motIAW duSmxIAW k`Fx qy corI
fwikAW q`k sImq sI pr bwAd iv`c swQIAW smyq gaU-h`iqAw krn vwilAW
Aqy mhMqW qy zYldwrW ivr`uD ft igAw[ dyS ipAwr dy jzby ADIn j`gy ny
AMgryzW dy ihMdosqwnI ip`TUAW nUM kql kIqw[ aus nUM ZrIbW dw hmdrd, byv`sW
dw shwrw Aqy byiensw&IAW ivru`D ftx vwly ikrdwr dy qOr ’qy jnsmUh iv`c
siqkwirAw jWdw hY[
lok FwfI kwiv dy bIr nwiek mUl rUp iv`c bwZI qy fwkU hn pr grIbW
dy ihqYSI Aqy Awcrx dy su`cy hn[ fw. jIq isMG joSI ienHW nUM ‘vYlI nwiek’
AwKdw hY[ aus dw ivcwr hY “mlveI jIvn AMdr ‘vYlI’ ie`k Aijhw ikrdwr
irhw hY, ijs dy Kwx-pIx, pihrwvy Aqy smu`cy ivvhwr AMdr ‘ivdroh’ qy
‘suhj’ dI Jlk huMdI hY[”33 niSAW nUM BwvyN sdwcwirk idRStIkox qoN cMgw nw vI
smiJAw jWdw hovy iPr vI Srwb, A&Im Aqy BMg dI vrqoN mwlvy dy jIvn dw
Ain`KV ih`sw rhI hY[ FwfI kwiv dy bIr nwiek du`lw, imrzw, j`gw, ikSnw,

220
ijauxw Awid ‘in`q SrwbI’ qy mws dy SOkIn hn[ du`lw qW Srwb qy mws qoN A`gy
kMjrIAW dy mujry dyKx dw vI SOkIn hY-
dwrU nwl jo kbwb vwlw myl hY, cVHIAW B`TIAW qy dygW vwlw cwA[
ir`Jx b`kry SrwbW vwlw dOr sI, ijhVw Awvy pIvy jwvy Kw[
mujry kMjrIAW dy AwQx vyly hoNvdy, vwrW rwTW dIAW FwfI jwx gw[
…. … … … … . ..
sKI h`Q dw jqI ho du`lw nwLy dw, Xwd r`Kdw sI Srm ihXw[34

gmMqrI FwfI kwiv dy bIr nwiek Su`D sMswirk bIrqw dw pRmwx pyS krdy
hn[ rvwieqI AwSk nwiek vWg nw ieh krwmwqI hn, nw koeI pIr-&kIr
ienHW dI iDr bxdw hY Aqy nw hI r`b ienHW dI shwieqw leI bhuVdw hY[ ienHW
nUM pUrbly jnmW / krmW dy puMnW / pwpW Aqy vrW / srwpW qoN inrlyp hI pyS
kIqw igAw hY[ dlyr, swhsI, bwhUblI, vwr krn qy vwr rokx dI muhwrq rwhIN
hI bIr nwiek dI pCwx sQwipq huMdI hY[ ies sMdrB iv`c ijauxy mOV dy pRsMg
iv`coN tUk pyS hY-

koeI nw jwgIr, koeI bIr nhIN v`s iv`c,

nhIN koeI mMqr jMqr ieMdr jwl dw[
nhIN ikly kot koeI, Et nw phwV dI hY,
nhIN cVHy AMbr, nw rwKS pwqwl dw[
iPryN qUM jhwn vwr-vwr qyrI izMdgI nUM,
pUrn rwmw rwT nUM, jhwn iPry BwLdw[35
FwfI kwiv dw bIr nwiek ivroDI vrqwry, iDr jW ivAkqI nwl in`jI qOr
’qy tkrwauNdw hY[ ies kol nw qW j`QybMdk sMGrS dw koeI sMklp hY Aqy nw hI
ivroDI vrqwry dw bdl isrjx pRqI jwgrUkqw[ AwzwdI dI lihr qoN pihlW

221
ilKy bIr pRsMgW iv`c qW AijhI rwjsI cyqnw dy pRgtwvy dI mMg krnw Swied
TIk nw hovy pr bwAd iv`c ienHW pRsMgW dy FwfIAW duAwrw punr isrijq pwTW
iv`c vI ienHW nUM rvwieqI rUp iv`c hI pyS kIqw igAw hY jdoN ik swihq dy hor
rUpW iv`c ienHW nwiekW nUM nvIN cyqnw dy pRyrk bxw ky pyS krn dI pRivrqI rhI
hY[ bIrqw dy FwfI pRsMgW iv`c pyS kIqy gey nwiek Asl iv`c auh hI hn
ijhVy pMjwb dy hor pRgtwA mwiDAmW rwhIN vI pyS hoey qy pMjwbI s`iBAwcwr
iv`c prvwinq hoey hn[ ienHW sUrimAW bwry crcw kridAW Aksr hI ienHW dw
kyvl gux gwx hI kIqw jWdw hY jdoN ik FwfI kwiv dy AMdrlI gvwhI ienHW dy
AOguxW dI d`s vI pwauNdI hY[ corI fwky qy bhuqy kqlW dy ip`Cy nw ZrIbW dI
BlweI nw lokW dw ihq hY[ swDwrn j`tW dIAW brwqW lu`tx Aqy ie`QoN q`k ik
qIAW iv`c sB kuVIAW dy gihxy lu`t lYxw nw qW iksy sUrmgqI dw pRmwx hY nw
mnu`KI gOrv iv`c vwDw krn vwlw ‘kwrnwmw’ hY[ bIrqw dw sMbMD auqSwh Bwv
nwl hY ijs iv`c inrBYqw, hONslw, dlyrI, Aqy bwhUbl dy nwl au~qm kwrj qy
au~qm auydyS lwzmI hY[ “auqSwh ie`k swqivk qy ivrwt Bwv hY[ kyvl hONsly
jW infrqw nUM ‘auqSwh’ nhIN ikhw jw skdw[ auqSwh iv`c hONslw Swml zrUr
huMdw hY, infrqw qy DIrj vI auqSwh dy mh`qvpUrn AMg hn, lyikn auqSwh
iv`c aumMg jW aulws (KuSI) vI hmySw hwzr rihMdy hn[”36 jdoN ik swfy sUrmy
lok nwiekW iv`c gu`sy, n&rq, svwrQ, bdly, haumY, pRis`DI Aqy dUijAW ’qy DONs
jmwaux dI pRbl Bwvnw vI hwzr hY ijhVI bIr nwiek dy gOrv nUM s`t mwrdI
hY[ lok FwfI kwiv iv`c pyS hoeI bIrqw bdly dI Bwvnw, bd-ie^lwkI,
byiensw&I Aqy D`kySwhI dw ivroD, mncwhI AOrq nUM pRwpq krn dI lwlsw, Dn
pRwpqI dy lwlc, in`jI Suhrq Aqy dUijAW ’qy DONs jmwaux dI ie`Cw iv`coN pYdw ho
ky AmIrW nUM lu`tx, ZrIbW dy hmdrd qy m`ddgwr hox, bdmwSW qy bu`cVW nUM
soDx, gaU ZrIb dI r`iKAw, Srxwgq dI lwj, ie`zq dy sIrI, au~cy ie^lwk

222
Aqy AxK dy m`DkwlI gOrv vwly Bwv jgq iv`c pRvyS krdI hY[ rwijAW,
jgIrdwrW Aqy AmIrW dy dbwvW iv`c byv`s hoey lok-mn dIAW dimq BwvnwvW nUM
swDwrn lokW iv`coN pYdw hoey bIr nwiek dy snsnIKyz bIr kwrnwimAW rwhIN
pRgtwvw qy Drvws imldw hY[ swDwrn qy grIbW dy hwmI Aqy lokW dw SoSx
krn vwly AmIrW, jgIrdwrW qy sUdKorW leI ^qry dw inSwn hox kwrn ieh
lokW iv`c siqkwry jWdy hn[ FwfI kwiv dy bwZI, fwkU qy vYlI ikrdwr pyNfU
idRStIkox Anuswr tOrH vwly jIvn dy swry ‘guxW’ dy DwrnI hn[ swr vjoN
AwiKAw jw skdw hY ik gmMqrIAW ny ijs bIr nwiek dI isrjxw kIqI hY auh
Awm qOr ’qy XoDw qy bwhUblI qW hY pr aus dIAW lVweIAW dy kwrn, ivDI Aqy
lkS qoN ielwvw auqSwh au~qy gu`sy, hMkwr qy bdly dI Bwvnw dw BwrU ho jwxw aus
dI bIrqw dy gOrv nUM GtwauNdw hY[
gmMqrI FwfIAW ny AwzwdI dy ShIdW iv`coN krqwr isMG srwBw, Bgq
isMG Aqy auDm isMG dI bIrqw nUM AwpxIAW rcnwvW dw AwDwr bxwieAw hY[
dyS BgqI, AMgryz pRqI n&rq Aqy ShIdW nUM kOmI gOrv vjoN pyS krnw ienHW
rcnwvW dw mnorQ hY[ ienHW pRsMgW nwl hI lok FwfI kwiv in`j nwl juVI bIrqw
qoN au~pr au~T ky kOmI jzby, dyS ipAwr Aqy j`QybMdk cyqnw Awid rwjsI
srokwrW dw vwhk bxdw hY[ gmMqrI FwfIAW ny is`K ieiqhws iv`coN BweI ibDI
cMd, Coty swihbzwidAW dI ShIdI Aqy hrI isMG nlUAw Awid bIr pRsMgW nUM vI
kwivb`D kIqw hY[
FwfI kwiv iv`c bIrqw dw dUjw pwswr gurU drbwrI FwfIAW dIAW rcnwvW
iv`c isrijAw igAw hY[ gurU drbwrI FwfI is`K Drm dy bulwry hox kwrn
gurmiq dy isDWqW nUM AwpxI rcnw dw AwDwr bxwauNdy hn[ ies qoN ieh vI
puStI ho jWdI hY ik gurU drbwrI FwfIAW ny aus bIr nwiek nUM pyS kIqw hY ijs
nUM gurU swihbwn ny AwpxI bwxI, ivvhwr Aqy AiBAws rwhIN isrijAw hY[ gurU

223
nwnk dyv jI ny AwpxI bwxI iv`c is`K bIrqw Aqy bIr nwiek nUM rvwieqI
bIr nwiek dy mukwbly iv`c pirBwiSq kIqw hY[ nwnk-idRStI iv`c FwfI kwiv
dw rvwieqI nwiek sUrmw nhIN, mn&I mu`lW dw sMcwlk Aqy iesy kr ky szw dw
BwgI hY-
sUry ieh n AwKIAih AhMkwr mrih duKu pwvih ]
AMDy Awp n pCwxnI dUjY pic jwvih ]
Aiq kroD isau lUJdy AgY ipCY duKu pwvih ]
hir jIau AhMkwr n BwveI vyd kUik suxwvih ]
AhMkwir sy ivgqI gey mir jnmih iPir Awvih ]37

gurmiq iv`c bIr nwiek nUM ieauN pirBwiSq kIqw hY-

jw kau hir rMgu lwgo iesu jug mih so khIAq hY sUrw ]
Awqm ijxY sgl vs qw kY jw kw siqgur pUrw ]38
Aqy
ijin imil mwry pMc sUrbIr AYso kaun blI ry ]
ijin pMc mwir ibdwir gudwry so pUrw ies klI ry]39

jdoN nwnk joq dw ruhwnI ivgws mOq dIAW mMzlW sr kr ky pwp-puMn,

bdly-eIr^w Aqy haumY dI dunIAw qoN pry ‘mIrI-pIrI’ dy rUp iv`c pRgt hoieAw
qW ieiqhws ny bIrqw dy mnùKI gOrv nUM pihlI vwr ies byimswl rUp iv`c
inhwirAw[ sMq-ispwhI dy ies sMgm nUM gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ^wlsy dy rUp iv`c
mukMml kIqw[ AwDuink gurU drbwrI FwfI kvIAW swmHxy is`K nwiek dw iehI
AwdrS rUp sI ijs nUM vwr-vwr pyS kIqw igAw hY[
is`K nwiek dI sUrbIrqw dy keI pwswr FwfI kwiv dw ivSw bxy ijnHW
iv`coN do pRmu`K AwKy jw skdy hn ; SWqI pUrvk Awqm blIdwn Aqy zwlm nUM jMg

224
dy mYdwn iv`c vMgwrnw[ ieMnHW dovyN pwswrW leI kRmvwr ‘DrmbIr’ Aqy
‘Xu`DbIr’ pirBwiSk Sbd vrqxw Xog pRqIq nhIN huMdw ikauNik ieh sMq-
ispwhI dy sMklp nUM KMfq kr idMdw hY[ ienHW nUM kRmvwr ShIdW dy swky Aqy
sUrbIrW dy kwrnwmy AwKxw vDyry TIk lgdw hY[ gurU Arjn dyv jI dI Shwdq,
gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI dI Shwdq, BweI mqI dws, BweI sqI dws, BweI
idAwlw jI, gurU goibMd isMG jI dy Coty swihbzwidAW bwbw &iqh isMG qy bwbw
zorwvr isMG jI dI Shwdq, BweI mnI isMG jI, BweI qwrU isMG jI qoN ielwvw
nnkwxw swihb qy pMjw swihb ivKy hoeIAW ShIdIAW Aqy gurU ky bwg qy jYqo dy
morcy iv`c hoey qS`dd Awid pRsMgW nUM l`gBg hr FwfI kvI ny ricAw Aqy hr
FwfI ny gwieAw hY[ auprokq ivcoN bhuqy pRsMgW iv`c sWJI g`l ieh hY ik ieh
ShwdqW Dwrimk pirp`kqw dI ksOtI ’qy Kry auqrn dw ibrqWq isrjdIAW
hn[ ieslwm jW mOq iv`coN ie`k kbUlx dw Purmwn imlx ’qy is`KI iqAwg ky
ijaux nwloN mOq nUM byhqr smJ ky kbUl ilAw jWdw hY, ieh jwxidAW hoieAW vI
ik mOq EnI hI iBAwnk hovygI ijMnI iBAwnk mOq Akl icqv skdI hY[
iBAwnk qsIhy ShIdW nUM fulw nhIN sky sgoN ShIdW ny ies r`bI Bwxy nUM im`Tw
krky mMinAw hY[ ieh g`l vrxn Xog hY ik bhuqIAW ShwdqW Awpxy Drm iv`c
pirp`k rihx dI szw vjoN hoeIAW, iksy dUjy Drm dI ivroDqw kwrn nhIN[ gurU
qyZ bhwdr swihb jI dI Shwdq dI qW mnorQ p`KoN hor audwhrx l`BxI sMBv
nhIN[ mnu`KI AiDkwrW leI ies Adu`qI Shwdq qoN pRyirq ho ky ^wlsy ny Srx
Awey AnDrmIAW dIAW lVkIAW, ie`zqW, Drm qy jwnW bcwaux leI Anyk
ShIdIAW dy ky ies prMprw nUM brkrwr r`iKAw[
gurU Arjn dyv jI dI ShIdI qoN bwAd gurU hrgoibMd swihb jI duAwrw
mIrI-pIrI dw mwrg Apxwayux nwl is`K mYdwny-jMg iv`c pRvyS krdw hY Aqy
is`KW dw auqSwh vDwaux ihq gurU drbwr iv`c FwfI pRvyS krdy hn[ ieauN is`KW

225
dI jMgI-bIrqw Aqy ies dy pySkwr ie`ko smyN pYdw ho ky Ajoky smyN q`k lgwqwr
iek`Ty s&r krdy hn[ FwfIAW ny is`K ieiqhws dy sUrimAW dy
kwrnwimAW nUM kwivb`D krn Aqy gwaux iv`c sB qoN v`D rucI idKweI hY[ gurU
hrgoibMd swihb jI dIAW lVweIAW qoN 1984 dy v`fy sdimAW nwl juVy Gtnw-
kRm Aqy aus qoN bwAd ‘BinAwry vwly’ qy ‘isrsy’ vwilAW nwl hoeIAW JVpW
iv`c ShId hox vwly is`KW nUM FwfIAW ny AwpxI rcnw dw AwDwr bxwieAw hY[
Bwrq dI AwzwdI dy is`K ShIdW Aqy Awzwd Bwrq dIAW pwiksqwn Aqy cIn
nwl hoeIAW jMgW iv`c ShId hoey is`K sYinkW dI bIrqw Aqy kurbwnIAW nUM
AwpxI pySkwrI dw ivSw bxwieAw hY[
gurU drbwrI FwfI kwiv iv`c isr& is`K ieiqhws iv`coN hI bIr pRsMgW nUM
kivqwieAw igAw hY jdoN ik ies dy smiv`Q rcy jw rhy pMjwbI gmMqrI FwfI
kwiv, kvISrI Aqy hor ivDwvW iv`c rwmwiex qy mhWBwrq qoN ielwvw ieiqhws,
imiQhws Aqy lok ivrwsq iv`coN bIr pRsMgW nUM ilAw igAw hY[ dsm gRMQ iv`c
BwrqI imiQhwisk sm`grI nUM BrpUr rUp iv`c vriqAw igAw hY Aqy gurU goibMd
isMG jI dI rcnw AwKI jWdI ‘cMfI dI vwr’ qW au~srI hI kyvl purwixk
smgrI au~qy hY[ dsm gRMQ dw pRBwv kvISrI Aqy gmMqrI FwfIAW ’qy spSt
vyiKAw jw skdw hY[ Asl iv`c ies pRBwv nUM rokx leI hI isMG sBw Aqy
AkwlI lihr pYdw hoeI ijnHW dy sucyq XqnW sdkw muV ieh pRivrqI gurU
drbwrI FwfI kwiv iv`c pRvyS nhIN kr skI ikauNik ieh is`K ieiqhws nUM
DuMdlw Aqy isDWq nUM dUiSq kr rhI sI[40 ieauN FwfI kwiv iv`c Su`D ieiqhws
dI pySkwrI hoeI hY ie`Qy nw koeI prwsrIrk GtnwvW vwprdIAW hn nw koeI
krwmwq[ sgoN krwmwq nUM r`bI Bwxy dI ivroDqw mMinAw igAw hY qy is`K isDWq
Anuswr r`bI Bwxy iv`c rwzI rihx dw hI is`K nUM hukm hY[ q`qI qvI ’qy bYTy gurU
Arjn dyv jI sWeI mIAW mIr nUM krwmwq nwl id`lI qy lwhOr nUM Fih-FyrI

226
krn qoN vrjdy qy “qyrw kIAw mITw lwgY” gwauNdy ShId ho jWdy hn Aqy gurU
qyZ bhwdr jI krwmwq idKwaux dI QW Drm hyq swkw krdy hoey isr dy ky
isrV inBwauNdy hn[
FwfI kwiv iv`c pyS hoeI is`K bIrqw dI ie`k ivSySqw ieh hY ik ieh
sdw Awqm sur`iKAw, mzlUm dI r`iKAw, Srxwgq dI r`iKAw, Drm qy kOmI
ihqW dI r`iKAw leI kwrjSIl huMdI hY, kdy vI hmlwvr nhIN huMdI[ is`K isDWq
dy AnuswrI bxwaux ihq ies nUM gu`sy, hMkwr Aqy hr qrW dy in`jI svwrQ qoN
au~pr r`iKAw jWdw hY[ pirBwiSk SbdwvlI iv`c ies nUM Drm-Xu`D dw nW id`qw
jWdw hY[ prMprw qoN inAwrI ies bIrqw sMbMDI fw. pRIqm isMG dw m`q hY ik
“bIrqw ijs dw pRcwr is`K gurUAW ny kIqw, dw AwDwr Asl iv`c AihMsw sI
Aqy ies leI ieh ie^lwkI SkqI iv`c vwDw krdI sI[ auh Drm dI r`iKAw
dy krqb pwlx leI kwiem sn[ Drm bhuq zrUrI hY pr ies dI (Drm dI)
r`iKAw ies dw (bIrqw dw) mnorQ sI, ivsqwr nhIN[”41 srb`q dy Bly Aqy
AihMsw leI jUJdy sMq-ispwhI dI gOrvmeI bIrqw jMgI ivDI-ivDwn iv`coN vI
JlkdI hY[ sMq-ispwhI srb`q ^wlsw dy mqy auprMq Ardws Aqy hukmnwmw lY
ky hI jMg iv`c Swml huMdw hY[ b`cy, b`uFy, AOrq, mzlUm, if`gy pey jW B`jdy
ivroDI ’qy vwr nw krnw, ivroDI dI DI-BYx nUM AwpxI DI-BYx vWg smJxw is`K
bIrqw dw lwzmI l`Cx hY[ bMdw isMG bhwdr duAwrw muslmwnW dw smUihk kql
Aqy srhMd dI lu`t vrgy vyrvy vI ikqy ikqy FwfI kwiv dw ih`sw bxy hn BwvyN
ieh vwsqivkqw dy nyVy hox pr is`K bIrqw dI Swn nUM kmzor krdy hn qy
Aijhy vyrvy ivrly hI hn, Awm nhIN[
gurU drbwrI FwfI kwiv iv`c pyS hoeI bIrqw nwl bIr swihq iv`c AOrq
dI bIrqw dw ie`k nvW kWf vI juVdw hY[ gurU swihbwn dy mihlW ny is`K lihr
iv`c lMgr, syvw, sbr Aqy kurbwnI nUM ijs qrW auqSwh pUrvk inBwieAw au~Qy

227
is`K ieiqhws AOrq v`loN mYdwny-jMg iv`c idKweI bIrqw dy kwrnwimAW nwl
BirAw ipAw hY[ FwfIAW ny mweI Bwg kOr, bIbI Srn kOr Aqy bIbI swihb
kOr Awid dy bIr pRsMgW nUM vwr-vwr pyS kIqw hY[ ies p`KoN inrMjn isMG
‘nrigs’ dw Xogdwn sB qoN v`D hY ijs ny Anyk ieiqhwisk pRsMgW dI rcnw
rwhIN AOrq dI bIrqw nUM aujwgr kIqw hY[
is`K bIrqw, ijhVI srb`q dy Bly leI kwrjSIl hoeI sI, Anyk mu`KI
ieiqhwisk kwrnw kr ky aus nUM rwjsI SkqI hwsl krn leI vI sMGrSSIl
hoxw ipAw[ nqIjy vjoN is`K mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI AgvweI iv`c ivSwl
ielwky ’qy rwj sQwipq krn iv`c s&l hoey BwvyN ies mMzl ’qy phMucx leI
Brw mwrU jMgW iv`coN vI guzrnw ipAw[ FwfIAW ny ienHW jMgW iv`c vI mhwrwjw
rxjIq isMG nUM mhWnwiek vWg hI pyS kIqw hY BwvyN is`K jrnYl ienHW lVweIAW
iv`c kOmI ihqW dI QW Awpxy ihqW leI lVy Aqy ispwhI AwpxI iDr dy ihqW
leI[ ieiqhws dy ies pVw ’qy is`K bIrqw dw gOrv zrUr Gtdw hY BwvyN
mhwrwjy dy rwj iv`c dUjy DrmW pRqI hr qrW brwbr dw ivvhwr hox nwl is`K
Swn brkrwr rihMdI hY[
AwzwdI dy sMGrS iv`c Bwrq dI iksy vI kOm nwloN is`KW dw Xogdwn ikqy

v`D hY[ AwbwdI dy Anupwq dy idRStIkox qoN vyiKAW qW is`KW dw Xogdwn hYrwn

krn vwly gOrv dw DwrnI hY[ AwzwdI dy sMGrS iv`c BwvyN bhuq is`KW dI

Shwdq hoeI pr pMjwbI FwfIAW ny v`D pRis`D ShIdW iv`coN ShId krqwr isMG

srwBw, ShId Bgq isMG Aqy ShId auDm isMG dy pRsMg hI ilKy hn[ ie`Qy ieh

d`s dyxw vI TIk rhygw ik gurU drbwrI FwfIAW ny pRsMgW leI kyvl is`K ShIdW

dI hI cox kIqI hY[ krqwr isMG srwBw Aqy auDm isMG bwry qW iksy nUM koeI

BulyKw nhIN pr Bgq isMG nUM ihMdU, is`K jW nwsqk is`D krn leI sMbMiDq iDrW

228
iv`c iq`Kw ivvwd cldw irhw hY[ gurU drbwrI FwfIAW ny Bgq isMG nUM ie`k s`cy

su`cy is`K ikrdwr vjoN hI pyS kIqw hY[

Awzwd Bwrq dIAW cIn Aqy pwiksqwn nwl hoeIAW lVweIAW iv`c Bwrq

v`loN lVidAW is`K sYinkW ny ijs bhwdrI qy inrBYqw dw muzwhrw kIqw qy dyS

dIAW srh`dW dI rwKI kridAW jwnW kurbwn kIqIAW BwvyN auh smu`cy rwStr

leI mwx vwlI g`l sI pr is`KW leI ieh ies kr ky vI P^r dI g`l sI ik

AwzwdI auprMq is`KW nUM Bwrq iv`c auh siqkwr nhIN sI imilAw ijs dy auh

Awpxy Awp nUM AwzwdI dI lVweI iv`c pwey Xogdwn kwrn h`kdwr smJdy sn qy

ienHW kurbwnIAW rwhIN Bwrq pRqI AwpxI v&wdwrI qy AihmIAq drsw ky

brwbr dy ruqby dw h`k zordwr FMg nwl pyS kr skdy sn[ gurU drbwrI

FwfIAW ny ienHW jMgW iv`c ShId hoey is`K sYinkW iv`coN 1962 eI. iv`c Bwrq /

cIn jMg dy ShId sUbydwr myjr s. joigMdr isMG, s. kyvl isMG, ipMf kotlI

Qwn isMG, izlw jlMDr Aqy 1971 dI Bwrq / pwik lVweI iv`c ShId hoey hY~f

kWstybl kMvljIq isMG Aqy s. mihMdr isMG ipMf QlW, qihsIl i&lOr Awid

dI bIrqw qy ShIdI dy pRsMg ilKy hn[ ienHW pRsMgW iv`c drj kIqy BwSxW iv`c

hor is`K sYinkW dy bIrqw BrpUr kwrnwimAW qy ShwdqW dw vI izkr kIqw

igAw[ ienHW pRsMgW nwl is`K bIrqw dw Gyrw Drm qy kOmI ihqW dy dwiery qoN

bwhr Aw ky rwStrI ihqW q`k PYldw hY pr gurU drbwrI FwfIAW ny ienHW

lVweIAW iv`c kyvl is`KW dy Xogdwn nUM hI pyS kIqw hY, ihMdU, muslmwn jW iksy

hor Drm dy ShIdW dw izkr nhIN kIqw[ ienHW ShIdW dI bIrqw qy kurbwnI dw

pRyrk kurbwnIAW BrpUr juJwrU is`K ieiqhws qy is`KI jzbw hY[ kMvljIq isMG

qy mihMdr isMG QlW dy is`KI srUp Aqy is`KI jzby nUM idAw isMG idlbr ny ieauN

pRgwieAw hY-

229
 auhdy h`Q kVw dsmyS dw auhdy qyV kCihrw[
auhny AMimRq pIqw bwitEN KMfy dw gihrw[
auhdy sIny goLI l`g geI auh kr geI kwrw[
auhny ifgdy vI zor dI C`ifAw jYkwrw[42
Aqy
auhdy goLI sIny l`g geI auhny CwqI qwxI[
auh AwKrI Piqh gjw igAw pVHdw gurbwxI[43
igAwnI sohx isMG ‘sIql’ Aqy igAwnI dieAw isMG ‘idlbr’ ny ieh
pRsMg ShIdIAW qoN qurMq bwAd ilKy jdoN dyS dy b`cy-b`cy dy mn iv`c Awpxy
ShIdW dw siqkwr Aqy duSmx leI iPtkwr BrI peI sI[ FwfIAW ny Aijhy
pRsMg isrj ky ShIdW nUM SrDWjlI vI Aripq kIqI qy rwStrI jzby dw
pRgtwvw vI[ kwrigl iv`c ShId hoey ‘is`K’ sYinkW dI bIrqw dy lVweI qoN
qurMq bwAd ilKy gey “kwrigl dy ShIdW dw rihMdI dunIAw q`k nW rihxw”44
(drSn dlyr) vrgy gIq vI vkqI FwfI kwiv dw ih`sw bxy[ FwfI kwiv iv`c
ShIdW dy pRsMgW dI vwr-vwr punr isrjxw kIqI jWdI hY pr ienHW pRsMgW nUM
bwAd iv`c iksy FwfI ny nhIN iliKAw[ Swied ienHW kurbwnIAW nUM G`t
mh`qvpUrn smiJAw igAw ikauNik ieh is`K kOm leI nhIN sgoN Bwrq dyS leI
sn qy Bwrq dy rwjqMqr ny lgwqwr is`KW dw moh BMg krn vwlw vqIrw hI
Dwrn krI r`iKAw hY ijs ny is`K-mn AMdr gihrI rwStrvwdI rucI nUM pYdw
nhIN hox id`qw[
vIhvIN ie`kIvIN sdI dOrwn is`K bIr prMprw iv`c ijhVy v`fy nW au~Bry hn
qy FwfI kwiv iv`c ijnHW nUM sB qoN v`D QW imlI hY, auh sMq jrnYl isMG iBMfrW
vwilAW v`loN AwrMB kIqI is`K lihr nwl sMbMiDq hn[ sMq jrnYl isMG, BweI
AmrIk isMG, jnrl subyg isMG, BweI hrijMdr isMG - BweI suKdyv isMG

230
(jnrl vYidAw kWf), BweI sqvMq isMG - BweI byAMq isMG (ieMdrw kWf) Awid
nUM FwfI kvIAW ny gurmiq iv`c pirp`k, Afol ivSvwsI, kihxI-krnI dy pUry,
sUrbIrqw dy QMm, kOmI p`q dy pihrydwr, kOm dI if`gI p`g nUM muV kOm dy isr
sjwaux vwly, is`K ivrsy qoN pRyirq Aqy Shwdq auprMq gurU dI KuSI pRwpq krdy
drswieAw hY[ nw isr& au~pr id`qy kuJ nW hI FwfI kwiv iv`c Swml hoey sgooN
ies lihr nwl juVy l`gBg hryk juJwrU dI ShIdI bwry vwr jW pRsMg iliKAw
igAw, BwvyN auh sQwink p`Dr ’qy jwxy gey hox[ srkwrI dbwA kwrn
AijhIAW rcnwvW nw qW pRkwiSq hoeIAW qy nw irkwrf kIqIAW jw skIAW,
kuJ kYstW dI irkwrifMg qW hoeI pr auh rIlIz nhIN ho skIAW[ srkwrI iDr
ny ies lihr leI BwvyN mUlvwdI, rUVHIvwdI, ipCWh-iK`cU Aqy A`qvwdI ivSySxW
dI vrqoN kIqI hY pr ieh ‘npIVI mwniskqw’ Aqy aus sMdyh ibrqI iv`coN
kwrjSIl hoieAw vrqwrw hY ijhVw BwrqI bhuigxqI dy iekswrvwdI ruJwn
mUjb, SwSk vrg dy Aml ny, sMvydnSIl qy jwgrUk s`iBAwcwirk smUhW dy
snmu`K hoNd mUlk sMkt KVw krky, pYdw kIqI hY[45 is`ty vjoN is`KW ny sMq
jrnYl isMG dI soc nUM lY ky qury juJwrUAW nUM ‘BweI swihb’ Aqy ‘kOmI ShId’ dy
ruqby nwl snmwinAw hY[ Dwrimk bhuigxqI BweIcwry qy SwSk vrg dw
auprokq ruJwn Gtx dI QW hor mUMh-zor ho irhw hY[ iehI kwrn hY ik ies
lihr dy ^qm ho jwx qoN do dhwky bwAd vI sMq jrnYl isMG qy aunHW dy
swQIAW/sihXogIAW dI smkwlI FwfI kwiv iv`c lgwqwr mhwn qy bIr is`K
nwiekW vjoN pRsMigkqw bxI hoeI hY[
gurU drbwrI FwfI kwiv iv`c ieiqhwisk pRsMg kyvl ieiqhws dI vsqU
hI nhIN huMdw jW ieiqhws dI jwxkwrI krwaux dy mnorQ nwl nhIN sgoN lwzmI
qOr ’qy smkwlI srokwrW nwl joVn leI hI pyS huMdw hY[ ieauN ieiqhwisk pRsMg
hr pySkwrI iv`c nvyN ArQW Aqy nvIN pRyrnw dw sroq huMdw hY[ imswl vjoN gurU

231
swihbwn Aqy is`KW dIAW kurbwnIAW rwhIN ieh idRVH krwieAw jw irhw hY ik
swnUM Drm ikMny mihMgy mu`l imilAw hY[ ies leI Drm iv`c pirp`k hoxw zrUrI
hY qy ies dI slwmqI qy cVHdI klw leI hr kurbwnI krn vwsqy iqAwr rihxw
cwhIdw hY[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy rwj dy hvwly nwl is`KW nUM pMjwb dy AslI
mwlk vjoN pyS kr ky kdy pMjwbI sUbw lYx leI auqSwihq kIqw igAw qy Ajoky
smyN iv`c ^wilsqwn p`KI qrk nUM SkqI id`qI jWdI hY[
gurU drbwrI FwfI kwiv iv`c pyS hoeI bIrqw Drm kyNdirq hY[ ies
bIrqw dI ivSySqw ieh hY ik ieh Awpxy smiv`Q vwpr rhI ihMdU, muslmwn jW
eIsweI ‘bIrqw’ qoN v`KrI pRikrqI vwlI hI nhIN, ault vI hY[ auprokq DrmW
dI ‘bIrqw’ dUijAW dy Drm nUM ^qm krn, aunHW au~pr zbrdsqI Awpxw Drm
Tosx, Awpxy iv`c jzb krn Aqy aunHW nUM hr qrW Awpxy ADIn krn dy
iekswrvwdI Aml rwhIN Snw^q krwauNdI hY[ iesy kwrn fw. pRIqm isMG ilKdy
hn “nsl, s`iBAqw Aqy Drm dw gOrv dUijAW au~qy BwrU rihx dI Bwvnw nwl
juiVAw irhw hY[”46 is`K bIrqw dUijAW nUM Awpxy ADIn bxwaux Aqy aunHW au~pr
Awpxw Drm Tosx leI nhIN sgoN Aijhy iekihry, ZYr-kudrqI Aqy mwnvqw
ivroDI Aml nUM T`lH ky aunHW nUM sMvwdI qy bhu-pirpyKI sMbMDW iv`c joVn Aqy
dUijAW nUM aus dI mOilkqw iv`c ivgsx leI mwhOl pYdw krn leI kwrjSIl
huMdI hY[ ieh ijMmyvwrI iksy swDwrn Xu`D-bIr dI nhIN sgoN ‘pIr’ jW ‘sMq’ dI
mhW-purSI q`k phuMcy ‘sMq-ispwhI’ dI hI ho skdI hY[ ie`Qy ieh vI vrxnXog
hY ik gurU swihbwn duAwrw id`qy icMqn qy AiBAws rwhIN hr mnu`K ies ‘mhW-
purSI’ jW ‘sMq-ispwhI’ dI mMzl ’qy phuMcx dI sMBwvnw r`Kdw hY[ sUrbIrqw qy
dYivqw dy sMgm iv`c hI iksy AwdrS bIr nwiek dI isrjxw sMBv hY, ijs nUM
gurU swihbwn ny XQwriQk rUp iv`c GiVAw[ pr dYivqw dy AnuSwSn qoN ivCuMny
‘mIr’ jW ‘ispwhI’ dI bIrqw kyvl Arwijkqw dy rwh hI qur skdI hY[ swr

232
q`q ieh hY ik is`K bIrqw ijs nUM gurU drbwrI FwfIAW ny pyS kIqw, sMq-
ispwhI dI SuD bIrqw hY ijhVI dUijAW nUM duKI krn dy gunwh qoN pwk Aqy shI
ArQW iv`c mnu`KI gOrv iv`c vwDw krn vwlI hY[

Putkl ivSy:
Awm qOr ’qy FwfI kwiv nUM bIr qy iSMgwr rsI iviSAW dy pRgtwvy dw hI
swDn mMinAw jWdw hY jdoN ik iSMgwr Aqy bIr rsI pRsMgW iv`c hor rsW dI vI
Xog mwqrw iv`c inSp`qI huMdI hY[ kruxw rs qW FwfI kwiv iv`c bIr qy iSMgwr
ijMnI mwqrw iv`c hI imldw hY[ koeI iSMgwr Aqy bIr pRsMg Aijhw nhIN ijs
iv`c kruxw rs ZYrhwzr hovy[ keI pRsMg qW Aijhy hn ijnHW iv`c kruxw rs dI
pRDwnqw hY[ vwqsl ipAwr dI AxhoNd dIAW siQqIAW FwfI kwiv iv`c kQw
rUVHI vjoN vwr-vwr duhrweIAW geIAW hn ijhVIAW kruxw rs dIAW aupjwiek
hn[ rwm cMdr nUM rwjg`dI dI QW cOdW swlW dw bnvws, mwsUm qy bygunwh rUp
bsMq dw GroN k`Fy jwxw, inrdoS hox dy bwvjUd pUrn nUM JUTw bxw ky KUh iv`c
su`txw, rwjw hrI cMd dw rwj-Bwg qoN bwAd AwpxI pqnI Aqy pu`qr smyq
Awpxy Awp nUM vyc dyxw, mwsUm is`KW dIAW ShwdqW, ivSyS qOr ’qy Coty
swihbzwidAW dI Shwdq Awid A`q dIAW kruxwmeI GtnwvW hn jo FwfI kwiv
dw Atu`t ih`sw hn[
FwfI prMprw iv`c pRcilq rhy rvwieqI iviSAW qoN ht ky smwijk,
AwriQk Aqy rwjnIiqk mh`qv vwly iviSAW dI pySkwrI AwDuink pMjwbI FwfI
kwiv dw hwsl mMnI jw skdI hY[ gurU drbwrI FwfI kwiv iv`c Awzwd Bwrq qy
pMjwb dI aunqI qy nv-auswrI nUM auqSwihq Bwv nwl pyS kIqw igAw hY[ ieh
Bwrq dy hr viSMdy nUM Dwrimk n&rq, smwijk ivqkry, nSy, purwxI soc qy
vihm-Brm iqAwgx Aqy ivigAwink soc Apnwaux, BweIcwirk sWJ vDwaux
Aqy dyS dI aunqI leI auswrU BUimkw inBwaux dw s`dw idMdw hY[ AwDuink dOr dy

233
BwrqI icMqn Aqy ivvhwr ny pMjwb Aqy ivSyS kr ky is`K pCwx leI pYdw
kIqIAW smkwlI vMgwrW Aqy ies dy Biv`K dI icMqw vI FwfI kwiv dw ivSw bxI
hY[ AwDuink pMjwbI FwfI kwiv iv`c pyS hoey Aijhy iviSAW nUM hyTW id`qy kuJ
isrlyKW ADIn ivcwirAw igAw hY[

dyS-vMf
sdIAW dI ZulwmI qoN bwAd AwzwdI imlx dIAW sMBwvnwvW ny smu`cy

BwrqIAW vWg pMjwbI lokW dy mnW iv`c bVIAW AwsW pYdw kIqIAW[ pr AwzwdI

ny pMjwb nUM jo sdmy id`qy, auh ieMny iBAwnk sn ik ieh A`j vI pMjwbIAW dI

ismrqI iv`c k`lH vwpry hwdsy vWg qwzw hn[ is`KW leI ieh sdmw ies leI

vI dùKdweI hY ik ies ny ‘sRI nnkwxw swihb qy hor gurduAwirAW / gurDwmW qoN

pMQ nUM ivCoV id`qw hY’ ijnHW nUM is`K pMQ ny AwpxI in`q dI Ardws Aqy FwfIAW

ny AwpxIAW rcnwvW iv`c vwr-vwr ismirAw hY qy syvw sMBwl dw dwn mMigAw

hY[ ies duKdweI vMf dw kwrn BwvyN AMgryzW dI kUt nIqI hI ikauN nw hovy pr

swfy AwgUAW nUM vI ies doS qoN mukq nhIN kIqw jw skdw[ pMjwbI FwfI kvIAW

ny ij`Qy swfy AwgUAW dI ies krqUq nUM auGwiVAw hY au~Qy vMf dI lkIr nUM imtw

ky dyS nUM muV ie`k krn dw supnw vI isrijAw hY-

lVn dyvqy Awp iv`c, kI kry pujwrI[

vqn cIirAw vqnIAW, Awpy Dr AwrI[

pwtw nkSw isaux nUM, qUM bx aupkwrI[

sIs qlI Dr suhixAw, vrH mOq kuAwrI[

tukVy hoieAw dyS ie`k kr, iPr ie`k vwrI[

gwvygI js hIirAw, qyrw dunIAw swrI[47

234
dyS dI nv auswrI
sdIAW dI gulwmI qoN bwAd imlI AwzwdI ny bVy v`fy supny bIjy
sn[ ies leI AwzwdI imlx ’qy hr BwrqI nUM bVw cwA sI qy ies cwA iv`c
pMjwb vI Swml sI BwvyN pMjwb nUM AwzwdI bVy mihMgy mu`l imlI sI[ pMjwbI FwfI
kwiv iv`c AwzwdI dy jSn dy nwl hI Bwrq dI nv-auswrI nUM auqSwh nwl pyS
kIqw igAw hY[ dyS dI qr`kI iv`c ih`sw pwaux leI vihmW-BrmW nUM iqAwgx,
nvIN soc Dwrn krn, iv`idAw pRwpq krn, nSy iqAwgx, v`D AMn pYdw kr ky
mulk nUM Awqm inrBr bxwaux leI FwfI kvIAW ny pRyrnw id`qI hY[ nihrW,
ibjlI Aqy sVkW dy pwswr, ivigAwn dIAW shUlqW, pMjwbI g`BrUAW Aqy
muitAwrW dI imhnq sdkw pMjwb iv`c AweI KuShwlI nUM FwfIAW ny pMjwbI gOrv
vjoN pyS kIqw hY[ ieh ivSy FwfI kwiv iv`c pRsMgW dy rUp iv`c nhIN, tu`tvIAW /
suqMqr kivqwvW dy rUp iv`c hI pyS hoey hn[

dyS BgqI
dyS nUM Awzwd krwaux leI ijs dyS BgqI dI pRbl Bwvnw dI loV sI,
dyS dI sur`iKAw leI vI ausy dyS BgqI dI zrUrq sI[ AwzwdI qoN qurMq bwAd
kSmIr iv`c pwiksqwn nwl hoeI lVweI ny ies loV nUM mihsUs krwieAw[
1962 eI. iv`c cIn nwl, 1965 eI. Aqy 1971 eI. iv`c pwiksqwn nwl hoeIAW
lVweIAW ny ies nUM hor idRVH krvwieAw[ FwfI kvIAW ny ij`Qy im`qr-GwqI cIn
nUM lwhnqW pweIAW Aqy pwiksqwn dy nwpwk ierwdy nUM inMidAw hY au~Qy dyS dy
nOjvwnW nUM mulk leI hr kurbwnI krn leI pRyirAw Aqy kurbwn hox vwilAW nUM
dyS dy mhwn spUqW vjoN vifAwieAw hY[

ivSv Amn
do sMswr jMgW dI qbwhI ny mnu`K nUM BYBIq kr ky jMg leI nvyN isirEN
socx ’qy mjbUr kr id`qw[ is`ty vjoN jMg ivroDI soc pYdw hoeI ijs ny pUry

235
ivSv iv`c Amn lihr nUM jnm id`qw[ Bwrq jo pihlW hI Amn psMdI leI
jwixAw jWdw sI, dyS-vMf dOrwn hoeI kqlogwrq Aqy cIn qy pwik nwl hoeIAW
iqMn jMgW iv`c hoey jwnI nukswn kwrn Amn dI loV mihsUs kridAW ivSv
SWqI lihr dw ih`sw bixAw[ pMjwb dy bhuq swihqkwrW ny ies dw pRBwv
kbUilAw[ pMjwbI FwfI kwiv, jo gurU hrgoibMd swihb dy smyN qoN hI SWqI leI
bIrqw dw sMcwr krdw irhw hY, Amn leI Amn dw pRcwrk vI bxn lgdw hY[
mhWBwrq vWg durjoDnw, is`tI nw pu`Ty fwlHxy[
Eey jMgbwzw jwl nw qwx Xu`D dy,
pwaux dy pMCIAW nUM Amn dy AwlHxy[48

pMjwbI bolI
Awzwd Bwrq iv`c pMjwbI bolI iPrkU qMg-idlI dw iSkwr rhI hY[ bolI
dy AwDwr ’qy hor sUibAW vWg pMjwbI sUbw nhIN bxwieAw igAw[ pMjwbI dI vsoN
dw ie`k ih`sw vI iPrkU izhnIAq kwrn mW bolI pMjwbI qoN bymùK ho bYTw[ pMjwbI
vsoN dw ie`k ih`sw bolI dy AwDwr ’qy pMjwbI sUby dI mMg krdw hY, dUjw pMjwbI
sUby dI mMg jW hoNd nUM inrAwDwr drswaux leI 1951 dI mrdm SumwrI iv`c
pMjwbI dI QW AwpxI mW bolI ihMdI ilKvwauNdw hY[ ies siQqI pRqI FwfI
dieAw isMG ‘idlbr’ ros dy lihzy iv`c AwKdw hY-
ikvyN ihMdI pMjwbI dI K`p pweIdI,
ieh mhwiSAW dI iPrkwdwrI qoN pu`C[
h`d JUT dI ik`Qy ku l`B skdI,
ieh iekvMjw dI mrdm SumwrI qoN pu`C[49
Aqy
is`DI swdI, BoLI BwLI im`TI swfI bolI[
gIq iehdy mwiKEN qoN im`Ty, ijauN KMf imSrI GoLI[

236
 ies rwxI nUM iPrkU BweI r`Kxw cwhuMdy golI[50

pMjwbI sUbw bxn Aqy pMjwbI nUM rwj BwSw dw drjw imlx ’qy ies dy
ivkisq hox dI Aws nUM vI kuJ FwfIAW ny zubwn id`qI hY[
pwKMfI swDU / sMq
gurmiq Anuswr iksy vI Drm dI ivroDqw dI mnwhI hY pr FwfIAW ny
vihmW-BrmW iv`c Psw ky lokW dI lu`t krn vwly ByKIAW, pwKMfIAW Aqy Drm
qoN Btkwaux vwly Awpy bxy gurU, swD, sMq Aqy ‘isAwxy’ Awid dy nWhmuKI
vrqwry dw KMfn zrUr kIqw igAw hY[ AwDuink FwfI kwiv iv`c sohx isMG
sIql qoN lY ky smkwl q`k ieh pRivrqI inrMqr cldI hY[ sQwink p`Dr dy
swDW sMqW qoN SurU ho ky AMqr rwStrI pRis`DI hwsl kr gey aunHW fyrydwrW, ijhVy
is`KW nwl tkrwA dI siQqI iv`c hn, q`k ies pRivrqI dw pwswr ho igAw hY[
mihMdr isMG isbIAw dy FwfI j`Qy dIAW kYstW “c`k lE BinAwry vwly nUM” Aqy
“kwrw srsy vwly dw”, ib`kr isMG kVwkw dI kYst “v`g bwibAW dw” Aqy
bIbI suirMdr kOr kulihrI dI kYst “pMQ nUM aufIkW qyrIAW” aukq ivcwr dI
puStI vjoN suxIAW jw skdIAW hn[

nwrI srokwr
swfy smwj iv`c nwrI dI ho rhI durdSw nUM gurU swihbwn ny AwpxI bwxI
qy ivvhwr rwhIN suDwrn dy Anyk Xqn kIqy[ is`K lihr iv`c nwrI dy siqkwr
dI ieho prMprw vyKI jw skdI hY[ gurU drbwrI FwfI nwrI srokwrW nUM do qrW
mu^wqb hoey hn; ie`k nwrI dI Swn iv`c vwDw krn vwly ieiqhwisk pRsMgW dI
rcnw rwhIN nwrI dy gOrv nUM aujwgr kIqw hY Aqy dUjw Ajoky smwj iv`c nwrI dy
Apmwn dI vydnw nUM mnu`KvwdI idRStIkox qoN pyS kIqw hY[ mwdw BrUx h`iqAw,
mwipAW v`loN lVikAW dy mukwbly lVkIAW nUM G`t ipAwr, ishq qy is`iKAw

237
shUlqW qoN vWJw r`Kxw, shury Gr iv`c in`q-in`q huMdw Apmwn, dwj dI sm`isAw
Awid duKWqk siQqIAW nUM FwfI kvIAW ny zubwn dy ky mnu`KvwdI sMvydnSIlqw
pRdwn kIqI hY[
pMjwbI FwfI kwiv iv`c nwrI srokwrW dw ie`k pwswr mrd duAwrw dUjw

ivAwh krwaux nwl sMbMiDq hY[ purwqn qy m`DkwlI pMjwbI smwj iv`c mrd

duAwrw ie`k qoN v`D ivAwh krwaux dw Ax-mnu`KI vrqwrw mrdwngI gOrv dw

pRqIk irhw hY[ ies leI AmIr ivAkqIAW duAwrw ie`k qoN v`D ivAwh krwaux

dw ruJwn Awm irhw hY pr rwijAW mhwrwijAW dIAW qW sYNkVy rwxIAW aunHW dy

hrmW dI ‘SoBw’ bxdIAW sn[ bhu-ivAwh jW bhu-pqnI dy vrqwry iv`coN hI

sONkx Aqy mqryeI dw mnhUs irSqw pYdw huMdw hY jo mwsUmW Aqy bygunwhW leI

mOqoN burI izMdgI dw sUck bxdw irhw hY[ rwm-lCmx nUM cOdW swl dw bnvws,

rUp-bsMq nUM dyS inkwlw Aqy pUrn Bgq nUM v`F ky KUh iv`c istvwaux dy

kwrnwmy mqryeIAW mwvW dy hI ih`sy Awey hn[ Ajoky smyN BwvyN ie`k qoN v`D

ivAwh krwaux au~pr kwnUMnI pwbMdI hY pr pihlI pqnI dI byvkq mOq auprMq

dUjw ivAwh hkIkI loV iv`coN pYdw hoieAw vrqwrw hY[ ies iv`coN pihly ivAwh

dy b`cy leI Anyk BWq dy sMkt pYdw huMdy hn hY[ Aijhy duKWqk AnuBv iv`coN

‘im`tI dI vI mwx nIN huMdI pu`qw mW mqryeI vy’ (gurbKS isMG Albylw dI kYst

‘pUrn Bgq’ iv`coN) ‘r`bw KohIN nw mwsUmW dIAW mwvW mqyrW GroN k`F idMdIAW’

(gurbKS isMG Albylw dI kYst ‘rUp bsMq’ iv`coN) Aqy ‘mwvW huMdIAW mqyrW

burIAW iksy dI loko mW nw mry’ (mihMdr isbIAw dI kYst ‘mqryeI mW’ iv`coN)

vrgy vydnw BrpUr bolW dI swriQkqw bxdI hY[ ies sMkt nUM FwfIAW ny do qrW

nwl zubwn id`qI hY ; prMpirk pRsMgW nUM Ajoky jIvn dy AnuBv Anuswr Fwl ky

Aqy kwlpink pRsMg rc ky[ ienHW pRsMgW dI isrjxw iv`c AMiqm inAW dI rUVHI

238
inBwauNidAW mqryeI-pIVqW nUM AMq iv`c su`K BogidAW drsw ky ‘r`b Gry huMdw

nIN hnyr bwblw’ dw ivSvws idRVH krwieAw igAw hY[

pRgqIvwdI lihr dy pRBwv ADIn ricAw FwfI kwiv

rUsI ienklwb auprMq mwrksvwdI icMqn Aqy Aml dw pUry ivSv iv`c

bVw ivAwpk qy fUMGw pRBwv ipAw[ pMjwb dy rwjsI Aqy swihiqk Kyqr nUM vI

mwrksvwd ny v`fy p`Dr ’qy pRBwivq kIqw hY Aqy FwfI kwiv vI ies dy Asr qoN

AxiB`j nhIN irhw BwvyN ieh pCV ky Aqy Ais`Dy qrIky nwl hI AwieAw[

gurmiq qy mwrksvwd isRStI dI auqpqI, pwlxw Aqy mnu`KI jIvn dy lkS bwry

ivroDI isirAW ’qy KVHy &ls&y hn pr is`KI dI lok ihqI juJwrU ivrwsq qy

mwrksvwd dI lok ihqU jmwqI lVweI iv`c mnorQ dI ie`k EprI ijhI

ivvhwirk sWJ zrUr hY[ mnorQ dI sqhI sWJ qy buinAwdI dwrSink ivroD

kwrn gurU drbwrI FwfIAW ny mwrksvwd dy pRBwv nUM kbUilAw vI hY qy gurmiq

nUM iqAwigAw vI nhIN[ is`ty vjoN mwrksvwdI pRBwv ADIn rcy gey FwfI kwiv

iv`c mwrksI ivcwrDwrw dI pu^qgI dI Gwt hY[ iPr vI gurU drbwrI FwfIAW

duAwrw ZrIb ikswnW Aqy mzdUrW dI AwriQk mMdhwlI qy ies qoN aupjdy

ivSwd dw kwrn srmweydwrI isstm qy ies dIAW AlwmqW iv`c inSicq krnw

vI FwfI kwiv dw ie`k hwsl hY[ ies Kyqr iv`c igAwnI dieAw isMG

‘idlbr’, krnYl isMG ‘pwrs’ rwmUvwlIAw, gurbKS isMG ‘Albylw’ Aqy sMq

isMG ‘pwrs’ Awid dy nW vrxnXog hn[ dyS BgqI dy jzby ADIn AwpxIAW

jwnW kurbwn krn leI iqAwr rihx vwly &OjI nUM jdoN srkwr sOVy swmrwjI

ihqW au~qoN kurbwn krdI hY qW aunHW dy mnW iv`c AwpxI srkwr pRqI n&rq pYdw

ho jWdI hY[ lMkw dy Amn leI jWdw &OjI, shuirAW v`loN qMg kIqI jw rhI

AwpxI BYx nUM ilKy ^q iv`c AwpxI mnodSw ies qrW pRgt krdw hY-

239
 lMkw ‘c c`ilAW Amn vwsqy, qkdIrW P`utIAW[
bih igAw nI byVw BYxy srkwr dw, nw imlx Cu`tIAW[
----- -- -- -- --- -- --
iksy dI lVweI swfI srkwr ny, hY AVweI tMg nI[
ikvyN lokIN AsW nUM ShId kihxgy, AwaugI nw sMg nI[
ikvyN Albylw ib`lU vwr gwauxgy, h`Q F`f PV ky[51

iq`KI jmwqI sUJ Aqy AswvIN AwriQkqw dy bhumuKI pwswrW dI pRmwixk

pySkwrI dy bwvjUd FwfIAW ny srmweydwrI inzwm dIAW pYdw kIqIAW Axmnu`KI
pRsiQqIAW dw h`l AiDAwqimk idRStIkox qoN dyx dw Xqn kIqw hY[

prvws dy msly
pMjwbIAW iv`c bwhrly mulk iv`c jwx dI hoV AYnI mUMh-zor ho au~TI hY ik
nOjvwn hr jwiez / nwjwiez qrIky rwhIN bwhr jwx leI auqwvlw hY[ AijhI
mnoibrqI dw lwhw K`tidAW eyjMtW ny AMnHI lùt mcweI hoeI hY[ Zlq FMgW nwl
ivdyS jwx dy Xqn krn vwly keI ivdySW dy smuMdrW dI Byt cVH jWdy hn[ keI
PVy jwx ’qy ivdySW dIAW jylHW iv`c rulx qoN bwAd vwps Byj id`qy jWdy hn[
keI Zlq qrIky nwl ivdyS gey hox kwrn ivdySI kMpnIAW Aqy kMm idvwaux
vwly ‘AwpixAW’ h`QoN lu`t dw iSkwr ho jWdy hn[ ijhVy ivdySW iv`c sQwipq ho
jWdy hn auh ie`DrilAW nUM gumrwh kr ky AwpxI hvs dw iSkwr bxwauNdy hn[
ivdySIN ivAwhIAW Anyk kuVIAW dI jo durgq huMdI hY aus dw syk ie`Dr bYTy
mwipAW nUM ijaux jogw nhIN rihx idMdw[ ivdyS iv`c mOjW l`utdy muMifAW dy
mwipAW dw fMgorI bwJoN ruLdw/ rINgdw buFwpw Awid Aijhy mwnvI qy AsiqqvI
srokwr hn ijnHW nUM is`KI dy mnu`KvwdI idRStIkox qoN Aqy swfI ‘AmIr’ ivrwsq
dI qulnw iv`c pyS kridAW ies nWhmuKI vrqwry nUM inMidAw igAw hY[

240
 AwDuink pMjwbI FwfI kvIAW ny niSAW, dwj, vihmW-BrmW, pwKMfW Awid
smwijk ivkwrW ivr`uD jwgrUkqw pYdw krn ihq kwiv rcnw kIqI[ srkwrI
A&srW Aqy rwjsI nyqwvW duAwrw PYlwieAw irSvq-qMqr, byruzgwrI Aqy
mihMgweI Ajoky jIvn dw sB qoN v`fw sMkt bx igAw hY[ Aijhy vrqwry dI sB
qoN v`D zuMmyvwr iDr swfIAW rwjsI pwrtIAW hn[ FwfIAW ny swfIAW rwjsI
pwrtIAW Aqy rwjsI AwgUAW dIAW iBRSt nIqIAW qy svwrQI ikrdwr nUM bw^UbI
pyS kIqw hY[ ieauN FwfI kwiv smwijk, AwriQk, Dwrimk Aqy rwjsI srokwrW
dI pySkwrI rwhIN smwj auswrI iv`c pRkwrjI BUimkw inBwauidAW, bwmksd
klw-rUp vjoN AwpxI Snw^q bxwauNdw hY[

241
hvwly qy it`pxIAW
1. ircrf tYNpl, pMjwb dIAW lok gwQwvW (ijld pihlI), BwSw ivBwg,
pMjwb, pitAwlw, dUjI vwr, 1991, pMnw 55-64
2. auhI, pMnw 130-33.
3. pRo. krm isMG, F`f swrMgI vjdI mwlvy, ^ud, nC`qrw ngr, mwnsw rof,
biTMfw, 1996, pMnw 184
4. gurdyv isMG is`DU (sMpw.), ik`swkwr krm isMG rcnwvlI, pblIkySn
ibaUro, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw, 1991, pMnw 142
5. gurmyl pMDyr dI kYst ‘kOlW BgqxI’ iv`coN
6. ik`swkwr krm isMG rcnwvlI, pMnw 179
7. auhI, pMnw 188
8. auhI, pMnw 161
9. F`f swrMgI vjdI mwlvy, pMnw 151
10. auhI, pMnw 112.
11. Ajmyr isMG (sMpw.), hIr rx isMG, pblIkySn ibaUro, pMjwbI
XUnIvristI, pitAwlw, 1992, pMnw 69-70
12. F`f swrMgI vjdI mwlvy, pMnw 113
13. auhI, pMnw 18
14. hIr rx isMG, pMnw 67
15. sohx isMG ‘sIql’, myrIAW FwfI vwrW (Bwg pihlw), BweI cqr isMG
jIvn isMG, bzwr mweI syvW, AMimRqsr, 2011, pMnw 233
16. inrml isMG ‘nUr’, lYkcr qy FwfI vwrW, lwhOr bu`k Swp, luiDAwxw,
2010, pMnw 55-66
17. auhI, pMnw 106-113

242
18. hIr rx isMG, pMnw 118
19. F`f swrMgI vjdI mwlvy, pMnw j
20. ik`swkwr krm isMG rcnwvlI, pMnw 142
21. F`f swrMgI vjdI mwlvy, pMnw 10
22. auhI, pMnw 192
23. Ajmyr isMG, klI CMd: inkws qy ivkws, pblIkySn ibaUro, pMjwbI
XUnIvristI, pitAwlw, 1991, pMnw 274
24. ik`swkwr krm isMG rcnwvlI, pMnw 139
25. F`f swrMgI vjdI mwlvy, pMnw 143
26. klI CMd: inkws qy ivkws, pMnw 258
27. F`f swrMgI vjdI mwlvy, pMnw 228
28. pRo. gulvMq isMG, (sMpw.), kwdrXwr: jIvn qy rcnw, pblIkySn ibaUro,
pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw, 1980, pMnw 97
29. Amr isMG SONkI dI irkwrifMg ‘imrzw’ iv`coN
30. F`f swrMgI vjdI mwlvy, pMnw 218
31. SmSyr isMG ASok, (sMpw.), pRwcIn vwrW qy jMgnwmy, SRomxI gurduAwrw
pRbMDk kmytI, SRI AMimRqsr, 2006, pMnw 313
32. fw. jIq isMG sIql, (sMpw.), pMjwbI bIr swihq, BwSw ivBwg, pMjwb,
pitAwlw, 1970, pMnw 152
33. jIq isMG joSI, gMgw isMG BUMdV: jIvn qy rcnw, pblIkySn ibaUro,
pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw, 2010, pMnw 96
34. F`f swrMgI vjdI mwlvy, pMnw-241
35. ipAwr isMG qy hor, (sMpw.) coxvyN ik`sy ikRq kvI pUrn rwm, gurU nwnk
XUnIvristI, AMimRqsr, 1974, pMnw 93

243
36. fw. Ajmyr isMG, (sMpw.), Koj p`iqRkw, bIr kwiv ivSyS AMk, AMk nM. 35
mwrc 1992, pMnw-11
37. gurU gRMQ swihb, pMnw-1089
38. auhI, pMnw-679
39. auhI, pMnw-404
40. fw. pRIqm isMG, pMjwbI swihq iv`c bIr kwiv dw ivkws, BwSw ivBwg,
pMjwb, pitAwlw, 1988, pMnw 162
41. “bIr kwiv iv`c purwixk imiQhws ilAWdw jwx l`gw [ ip`CoN dI
rwjnIqk qy smwjk AvsQw ny is`KW nUM nyqw Aqy gurU nUM Avqwr bxw
id`qw [ pr ivcwrW iv`c purwxW dw ieh Avqwr AMS is`K Drm
’qy BwrU sI[ ihMdU Awpxy mhWkwiv vwly AvqwrW nUM C`f ky gurUAW nUM nvyN
Avqwr mMnx l`gy qy is`K Awpxy Dwrmk drSn qy ivSvwsW dy ault
Avqwrvwd dy isDWq nUM mMnx l`gy”[
42. auhI, pMnw 5
43. FwfI ig. dieAw isMG ‘idlbr’ dIAW vwrW qy pRsMg (Bwg dUjw), BweI
cqr isMG jIvn isMG, AMimRqsr, dUjI AYfISn, 2009, pMnw 228
44. auhI, pMnw 228
45. in`jI qOr ’qy drSn isMG dlyr dy FwfI j`Qy dI dyKI pySkwrI iv`coN
46. fw. DnvMq kOr, (sMpw.), pMjwbIAq : sMklp qy srUp, pblIkySn ibaUro,
pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw, dUjI vwr 2000, pMnw-X
47. pMjwbI swihq iv`c bIr kwiv dw ivkws, pMnw-23
48. ig. sohx isMG sIql, sIql ikrxW, lwhOr bu`k Swp, luiDAwxw, 2002,
pMnw 82

244
49. FwfI pwl isMG ‘pMCI’ dIAW ilKIAW vwrW qy pRsMg (Bwg dUjw), BweI
cqr isMG jIvn isMG, AMimRqsr, 2004, pMnw 318
50. FwfI ig. dieAw isMG ‘idlbr’ dIAW ilKIAW Dwrimk kivqwvW (Bwg
pihlw), BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG, AMimRqsr, 2006, pMnw 97
51. auhI, pMnw 76
52. FwfI gurbKS isMG Albylw dI kYst “dwj dI blI” iv`coN

245