Antibacterial Effect of Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) leaves Extract as

Dishwasing Liquid against Escherichia coli

A Research Plan Submitted to the Scientific Review Committee of the

Dagupan City National High School – Science, Technology and Engineering

Program

Proponent:

Lovely Charmaine G. Pedrozo

January 2019

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 Research Plan

Title : Antibacterial Effect of Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) leaves Extract

as Dishwasing Liquid against Escherichia coli

Proponent : Lovely Charmaine G. Pedrozo

Adviser : Mrs. Monica Cayabyab

RATIONALE

Washing dishes is one of the major household chores that people do everyday.

To be able to wash those dishes cleanly against bacteria and grease, a variety of

dishwashing liquids are used by many people. But some families tend to use affordable

dishwashing liquids and some also use detergent soaps that can avail their daily budget.

Filipinos were known to be a food lover (http://driftwoodjourneys.com/filipinos-love-to-

eat/). Food is really their top priority with their budget that they tend to forget to give

importance to the dishwashing liquid they are about to use as cleaning tool to remove

those residues such as grease left with their plates and utensils that they used knowing

that bacteria might appear if they are not washed properly.

Foodborne illnesses is one of the common problem faced by our society today

(http://www.wpro.who.int/philippines/areas/food_safety/en/). It is caused by many

situations such as eating contaminated food, bacteria from uncooked food, uncleaned

cooking materials such as utensils and plates and improper food handling (Food Safety:

Understanding Foodborne Illness,2018).

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 Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) leaves presented high significance with its

antibacterial property with Escherichia coli (Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy,

2011). In addition, it also performed significative antibacterial property against

Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus aureus (Antibacterial activity of Momordica charantia

(Curcubitaceae) extracts and fractions, n.d.). The two bacteria might also cause

foodborne illnesses in our body (https://www.infoplease.com/science-

health/health/which-bacteria-are-responsible-food-borne-illness). Hence, it would be a

great factor to be a dishwashing liquid to fight such bacteria.

Escherichia coli otherwise known as E. coli is one common of the bacteria that can

be found in the used plates or utensils which can cause diarrhea

(https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-

20352241). There is so much possibility that having dishwashing liquid that do not have

a good quality on cleaning the dishes and utentsils that might cause you different

illnesses. Thus, the researcher would like to add Ampalaya (Momordica charantia)

leaves extract to the dishwashing liquid.

PROBLEM AND HYPOTHESIS

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to determine the antibacterial effect of Ampalaya

(Momordica charantia) leaves extract as dishwashing liquid against Escherichia coli.

Moreover, this study intends to answer the following specific questions:

1. Can (Momordica charantia) leaves extract dishwashing liquid be as effective as

the commercial dishwashing liquid in terms of:

a. Zone of inhibition of E. coli,

b. Inhibitory activity rating of E. coli,

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 c. Reactivity rating of E. coli,

d. Cleansing efficacy

2. Is there a significant difference between Ampalaya (Momordica charantia)

leaves extract dishwashing liquid and commercial dishwashing liquid in terms of:

a. Zone of inhibition of E. Coli,

b. Inhibitory activity rating E. Coli,

c. Reactivity rating,

d. Cleansing efficacy

Hypotheses

1. Can Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) leaves extract dishwashing liquid cannot

be as effective as commercial dishwashing liquid in terms of:

a. Zone of inhibition of E. Coli,

b. Inhibitory activity rating of E. Coli,

c. Reactivity rating,

d. Cleansing efficacy

2. There is no significant difference between Ampalaya (Momordica charantia)

leaves extract dishwashing liquid and commercial dishwashing liquid in terms of:

a. Zone of inhibition of E. Coli,

b. Inhibitory activity rating of E. Coli,

c. Reactivity rating,

d. Cleansing efficacy

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study will utilize the experimental research design to find out the

antibacterial effect of Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) leaves extract as dishwashing

liquid against Escherichia coli. The researcher will employ three experimental treatments

and one control.

The experimental treatments will have variations on the amount of ampalaya

leaves extract. Treatment 1 will have 75% of ampalaya leaves extract and 25%

dishwashing liquid components and Treatments 2 and 3 will have 50% ampalaya leaves

extract and 50% dishwashing liquid components and 25% ampalaya leaves extract and

75% dishwashing liquids components, respectively. The control treatment will be the

commercial dishwashing liquid.

Preparation of Ampalaya leaves extract

Ampalaya leaves will be gathered in the backyard of the researcher. And then, it

will be boiled and crushed by the domestic blender. Finally, it will be filtered by the

domestic filter to obtain a final yield of ampalaya leaves extract.

The procedure will be repeated until the amount needed in the study has been

obtained.

Preparation of Dishwashing Liquid

The ampalaya leaves will be wash with water. And then, a pot will be prepared

with water. The ampalaya leaves will be boiled with about 10-15 minutes and shall be

put it in a medium flame. After boiling, wait until it gets cool and it will be crush with a

domestic blender and add water. Next, it will be filtered with a domestic filter and add

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vinegar and baking soda. The mixture will be heated again and let it cool and put it in a

container.

Phytochemical Study

Testing the Efficacy of Guava leaves as dishwashing liquid

Table 1. Ampalaya Leaves as dishwashing liquid

Different Concentration
Trial
Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3 Control

Data Analysis

The data will be analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The

researchers will use Microsoft Excel 2016 and GNU-PSPP Data analysis software.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

● “Driftwood Journeys.” Retrieved February 5, 2019 from

http://driftwoodjourneys.com/filipinos-love-to-eat/

● Food Safety. Retrieved February 16, 2019 from

(http://www.wpro.who.int/philippines/areas/food_safety/en/

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 ● Food Safety: Understanding Foodborne Illness. Retrieved February 16, 2019

from http://www.unlockfood.ca/en/Articles/Food-safety/Food-Safety-

Understanding-foodborne-illness.aspx

● Diarrhea. Retrieved February 16, 2019 from

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-

20352241

● Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy. Retrieved February 16, 2019 from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3979203/

● Antibacterial activity of Momordica charantia (Curcubitaceae) extracts and

fractions. Retrieved February 16, 2019 from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3979203/pdf/JBCP-2-45.pdf

● Which Bacteria are Responsible for Food-borne Illness? Retrieved fron February

16, 2019 from https://www.infoplease.com/science-health/health/which-

bacteria-are-responsible-food-borne-illness

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